title: Development and validation of criteria for determining undernutrition in community-dwelling older men and women: The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire 65+.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no valid, fast and easy-to-apply set of criteria to determine (risk of) undernutrition in community-dwelling older persons. The aim of this study was to develop and validate such criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selection of potential anthropometric and undernutrition-related items was based on consensus literature. The criteria were developed using 15-year mortality in community-dwelling older persons ≥ 65 years (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, n = 1687) and validated in an independent sample (InCHIANTI, n = 1142).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups distinguished were: (1) undernutrition (mid-upper arm circumference <25 cm or involuntary weight loss ≥4 kg/6 months); (2) risk of undernutrition (poor appetite and difficulties climbing staircase); and (3) no undernutrition (others). Respective hazard ratio's for 15-year mortality were: (1) 2.22 (95% CI 1.83-2.69); and (2) 1.57 (1.22-2.01) ((3) = reference). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.55. Comparable results were found stratified by sex, excluding cancer/obstructive lung disease/(past) smoking, using 6-year mortality, and applying results to the InCHIANTI study (hazard ratio's 2.12 and 2.46, AUC 0.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed set of criteria (SNAQ⁶⁵⁺) for determining (risk of) undernutrition in community-dwelling older persons shows good face validity and moderate predictive validity based on the consistent association with mortality in a second independent study sample.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.a.h.wijnhoven@vu.nl
authors: Hanneke A H
authors: HA
authors: Wijnhoven
authors: Janneke
authors: J
authors: Schilp
authors: Marian A E
authors: MA
authors: van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren
authors: Henrica C W
authors: HC
authors: de Vet
authors: Hinke M
authors: HM
authors: Kruizenga
authors: Dorly J H
authors: DJ
authors: Deeg
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Ferrucci
authors: Marjolein
authors: M
authors: Visser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015431:Weight Loss