title: Investigation of 238U content in bottled water consumed in Kuwait and estimates of annual effective doses.
abstract: A study of the 238U content in bottled water consumed in Kuwait was performed. The bottled water samples originated from 16 different countries. Of the 41 investigated samples, 238U was detected in 23 samples in which the radionuclide's activity was determined. Consequently, it was found that activity levels of all samples were several of orders of magnitude below the guidance limits. Moreover, annual effective doses were estimated for three age groups, namely adults, children, and infants. As a result, it was found that the doses received by all age groups were several of orders of magnitude below the guideline levels. Hence, consumption of bottled water sold in Kuwait is safe for the presence of 238U.
authors: * Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Khaldia, Kuwait. tareq.alrefae@ku.edu.kw
authors: Tareq
authors: T
authors: Alrefae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007730:Kuwait; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000032:analysis*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012449:Safety; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D008900:Mineral Waters; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium