title: Increased membrane shedding--indicated by an elevation of CD133-enriched membrane particles--into the CSF in partial epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent analyses provided evidence that human adult cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in addition to soluble proteins also contains membrane particles that moreover carry the somatic stem cell marker CD133. The significance of CD133 as a potential marker of cellular proliferation, including neurogenesis, remains unresolved. As adult neurogenesis has been implicated to be induced by epileptic seizures this study investigated whether patients with partial epilepsy show a varying amount of membrane-associated CD133 in CSF as compared to healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF samples of 34 partial epilepsy patients were analyzed and compared to 61 healthy controls. Following sequential centrifugation up to 200,000 g quantitative immunoblotting was performed using a mouse monoclonal antibody. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence, and visualized and quantified digitally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall amount of membrane particle-associated CD133 was significantly increased in epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls (9.6±2.9 ng of bound CD133 antibody versus 7.4±3.8 ng; p<0.01). There were no differences according to etiology of epilepsy (cryptogenic, neoplasia, dysplasia, ammon's horn sclerosis, and others). Dichotomization of the patients according to temporal versus extratemporal foci revealed a significant increase of membrane particle-associated CD133 in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (10.88±3.3 ng of bound CD133 antibody versus 8.35±3.48 ng; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased amount of membrane particle-associated CD133 in the CSF of patients with partial epilepsy contributes to the ongoing debate of the source of these particles potentially emerging from subventricular zone astrocytes serving as neural stem cells. As neurogenesis in adults is related to the hippocampus, the significance of the increase of membrane particle-associated CD133 especially in temporal lobe epilepsy needs further clinical correlation.
authors: Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. hagen.huttner@uk-erlangen.de
authors: Hagen B
authors: HB
authors: Huttner
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Corbeil
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Thirmeyer
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Coras
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Köhrmann
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Mauer
authors: Joji B
authors: JB
authors: Kuramatsu
authors: Stephan P
authors: SP
authors: Kloska
authors: Arnd
authors: A
authors: Doerfler
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Weigel
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Klucken
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Winkler
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Pauli
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Schwab
authors: Hajo M
authors: HM
authors: Hamer
authors: Burkhard S
authors: BS
authors: Kasper
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; C000606024:Prom1 protein, mouse