title: TOF-Watch(R) monitor: failure to calculate the train-of-four ratio in the absence of baseline calibration in anaesthetized dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TOF-Watch(®) monitors are designed to display train-of-four (TOF) count when neuromuscular block is intense, and to display TOF ratio when it is less intense. In dogs recovering from non-depolarizing neuromuscular block, when all four twitches are easily visible and apparently of similar magnitude, TOF-Watch(®) monitors often display TOF counts and not TOF ratios, as would be expected. We have never encountered this problem when the monitor was calibrated before neuromuscular blocking agent administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were investigated. Recovery from neuromuscular block was assessed with a calibrated TOF-Watch SX(®) monitor. When the TOF ratio returned to 90%, the TOF-Watch SX(®) was replaced with an uncalibrated TOF-Watch(®) monitor. The output obtained from the uncalibrated TOF-Watch(®) was compared with that of the calibrated device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median TOF ratio measured by the calibrated TOF-Watch SX(®) unit at recovery was 91 (86-100)% (n=14). The uncalibrated TOF-Watch(®) monitor displayed TOF counts in six dogs [2 (0, 4)] and TOF ratios in the remaining eight dogs [91 (79, 98)%], that is, the uncalibrated device failed to display appropriately >40% of the time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TOF-Watch(®) monitors must be calibrated before neuromuscular blocking agents are administered to dogs. When these devices are not so calibrated, they default to a reference value for twitch magnitude that was defined in healthy adult people. Even though neuromuscular transmission was restored in these dogs, we surmise that they did not achieve the default reference value, causing the monitor to display TOF counts rather than TOF ratios.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. mm459@cornell.edu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Martin-Flores
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Gleed
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Basher
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Scarlett
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Campoy
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: Kopman
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D009213:Myography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary