title: Fatal S. aureus hemorrhagic pneumonia: genetic analysis of a unique clinical isolate producing both PVL and TSST-1.
abstract: In 2008, an unusual strain of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA68111), producing both Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), was isolated from a fatal case of necrotizing pneumonia. Because PVL/TSST-1 co-production in S. aureus is rare, we characterized the molecular organization of these toxin genes in strain 68111. MSSA68111 carries the PVL genes within a novel temperate prophage we call ФPVLv68111 that is most similar, though not identical, to phage ФPVL--a phage type that is relatively rare worldwide. The TSST-1 gene (tst) in MSSA68111 is carried on a unique staphylococcal pathogenicity island (SaPI) we call SaPI68111. Features of SaPI68111 suggest it likely arose through multiple major recombination events with other known SaPIs. Both ФPVLv68111 and SaPI68111 are fully mobilizable and therefore transmissible to other strains. Taken together, these findings suggest that hypervirulent S. aureus have the potential to emerge worldwide.
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, Idaho, United States of America. lizhi_lily@hotmail.com
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Dennis L
authors: DL
authors: Stevens
authors: Stephanie M
authors: SM
authors: Hamilton
authors: Tanyalak
authors: T
authors: Parimon
authors: Yongsheng
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Angela M
authors: AM
authors: Kearns
authors: Richard W
authors: RW
authors: Ellis
authors: Amy E
authors: AE
authors: Bryant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D044404:Genomic Islands / Q000235:genetics; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics*; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000821:virology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin; D018089:Superantigens; C030107:enterotoxin F, Staphylococcal; D019426:Integrases; D008712:Methicillin