title: Expression of recombinant multi-coloured fluorescent antibodies in gor -/trxB- E. coli cytoplasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibody-fluorophore conjugates are invaluable reagents used in contemporary molecular cell biology for imaging, cell sorting and tracking intracellular events. However they suffer in some cases from batch to batch variation, partial loss of binding and susceptibility to photo-bleaching. In theory, these issues can all be addressed by using recombinant antibody fused directly to genetically encoded fluorescent reporters. However, single-chain fragment variable domains linked by long flexible linkers are themselves prone to disassociation and aggregation, and in some cases with isoelectric points incompatible with use in physiologically relevant milieu. Here we describe a general approach that permits fully functional intracellular production of a range of coloured fluorescent recombinant antibodies with optimally orientated VH/VL interfaces and isoelectric points compatible for use in physiological solutions at pH 7.4 with a binding site to fluorophore stoichiometry of 1:1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report the design, assembly, intracellular bacterial production and purification of a panel of novel antibody fluorescent protein fusion constructs. The insertion of monomeric fluorescent protein derived from either Discosoma or Aequorea in-between the variable regions of anti-p185HER2-ECD antibody 4D5-8 resulted in optimal VH/VL interface interactions to create soluble coloured antibodies each with a single binding site, with isoelectric points of 6.5- 6. The fluorescent antibodies used in cell staining studies with SK-BR-3 cells retained the fluorophore properties and antibody specificity functions, whereas the conventional 4D5-8 single chain antibody with a (Gly4Ser)3 linker precipitated at physiological pH 7.4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This modular monomeric recombinant fluorescent antibody platform may be used to create a range of recombinant coloured antibody molecules for quantitative in situ, in vivo and ex vivo imaging, cell sorting and cell trafficking studies. Assembling the single chain antibody with monomeric fluorescent protein linker facilitates optimal variable domain pairing and alters the isoelectric point of the recombinant 4D5-8 protein conferring solubility at physiological pH 7.4. The efficient intracellular expression of these functional molecules opens up the possibility of developing an alternative approach for tagging intracellular targets with fluorescent proteins for a range of molecular cell biology imaging studies.
authors: School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
authors: Anatoliy
authors: A
authors: Markiv
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Beatson
authors: Joy
authors: J
authors: Burchell
authors: Ravi V
authors: RV
authors: Durvasula
authors: Angray S
authors: AS
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins