title: Temperature-dependent development of Chilocorus bipustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
abstract: The effect of temperature on development and survival of Chilocorus bipustulatus L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a predator of many scale insects, was studied under laboratory conditions. The duration of development of egg, first, second, third, and fourth larval instars, pupa,  and preovioposition period at seven constant temperatures (15, 17.5, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, and 35°C) was measured. Development time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range 15-30°C. Survival was higher at medium temperatures (17.5-30(ο)C)  in comparison with that at more extreme temperature regimens (15 and >30(ο)C). Egg and first larval instars were the stages where C. bipustulatus suffered the highest mortality levels at all temperatures. The highest survival was recorded when experimental individuals  were older than the third larval instar. Thermal requirements of development (developmental thresholds, thermal constant, optimum temperature) of C. bipustulatus were estimated with application of linear and one nonlinear models (Logan I). Upper and lower developmental thresholds ranged  between 35.2-37.9 and 11.1-13.0°C, respectively. The optimum temperature for development (where maximum rate of development occurs) was estimated at between 33.6 and 34.7°C. The thermal constant for total development was estimated 474.7 degree-days.
authors: Technological Educational Institute of Larissa, Department of Crop Production, 41 110 Larissa, Greece. eliopoulos@teilar.gr
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Eliopoulos
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Kontodimas
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Stathas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013696:Temperature