title: Early growth response 1 and fatty acid synthase expression is altered in tumor adjacent prostate tissue and indicates field cancerization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Field cancerization denotes the occurrence of molecular alterations in histologically normal tissues adjacent to tumors. In prostate cancer, identification of field cancerization has several potential clinical applications. However, prostate field cancerization remains ill defined. Our previous work has shown up-regulated mRNA of the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR-1) and the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) in tissues adjacent to prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunofluorescence data were analyzed quantitatively by spectral imaging and linear unmixing to determine the protein expression levels of EGR-1 and FAS in human cancerous, histologically normal adjacent, and disease-free prostate tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EGR-1 expression was elevated in both structurally intact tumor adjacent (1.6× on average) and in tumor (3.0× on average) tissues compared to disease-free tissues. In addition, the ratio of cytoplasmic versus nuclear EGR-1 expression was elevated in both tumor adjacent and tumor tissues. Similarly, FAS expression was elevated in both tumor adjacent (2.7× on average) and in tumor (2.5× on average) compared to disease-free tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGR-1 and FAS expression is similarly deregulated in tumor and structurally intact adjacent prostate tissues and defines field cancerization. In cases with high suspicion of prostate cancer but negative biopsy, identification of field cancerization could help clinicians target areas for repeat biopsy. Field cancerization at surgical margins on prostatectomy specimen should also be looked at as a predictor of cancer recurrence. EGR-1 and FAS could also serve as molecular targets for chemoprevention.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors: Anna C
authors: AC
authors: Jones
authors: Kristina A
authors: KA
authors: Trujillo
authors: Genevieve K
authors: GK
authors: Phillips
authors: Trisha M
authors: TM
authors: Fleet
authors: Jaclyn K
authors: JK
authors: Murton
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: Severns
authors: Satyan K
authors: SK
authors: Shah
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Davis
authors: Anthony Y
authors: AY
authors: Smith
authors: Jeffrey K
authors: JK
authors: Griffith
authors: Edgar G
authors: EG
authors: Fischer
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Bisoffi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases