title: γ-Oryzanol, tocol and mineral compositions in different grain fractions of giant embryo rice mutants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rice embryo is concentrated with lipid, protein and some bioactive chemicals. Two rice mutants IR64-GE and TNG71-GE (M7 generation) were characterised by an enlarged embryo compared with their wild types. In the present study, distributions of protein, lipid, total phenolics, γ-oryzanol, tocols and some essential minerals in these two giant embryo mutants and their respective normal embryo wild types IR64 and TNG71 were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The embryo dry weights of giant embryo mutants IR64-GE and TNG71-GE were 0.92 and 1.32 mg per seed respectively. These values were higher than those of their respective normal embryo genotypes (0.50 and 0.62 mg per seed). Large variations in protein, lipid, phenolic, γ-oryzanol, tocol and minerals levels were found between mutant and wild-type pairs. The brown rice of TNG71-GE had higher total γ-oryzanol (average of 24% increase) and total tocol (average of 75% increase) levels than TNG71, IR64 and IR64-GE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The embryo and bran parts of giant embryo mutant TNG71-GE were found to be good sources of vitamin E and γ-oryzanol. Therefore it could be used to produce high-value by-products from milled embryo and bran parts and as a genetic resource for rice improvement programmes. TNG71-GE can also be used as a nutrient-fortified rice cultivar.
authors: Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung County, Taiwan.
authors: Toong Long
authors: TL
authors: Jeng
authors: Yi Ju
authors: YJ
authors: Shih
authors: Pei Tzu
authors: PT
authors: Ho
authors: Chia Chi
authors: CC
authors: Lai
authors: Yu Wen
authors: YW
authors: Lin
authors: Chang Sheng
authors: CS
authors: Wang
authors: Jih Min
authors: JM
authors: Sung
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000378:metabolism*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D014131:Trace Elements; D024505:Tocopherols; C572520:tocol; C013172:gamma-oryzanol