title: London Plane Tree bioaerosol exposure and allergic sensitization in Sydney, Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to London Plane Tree (Platanus) bioaerosols in Sydney, Australia has been anecdotally linked to respiratory irritation, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationships between Platanus bioaerosol exposure, allergic sensitization, and symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four subjects with self-reported Platanus symptoms were recruited from inner-urban Sydney. Allergic sensitization was determined by skin prick test (SPT) to 13 allergens. Airborne concentrations of Platanus pollen, trichomes, and achene fibers, and other pollen and fungal spores, were measured over the spring and summer of 2006-2007. Subjects' allergic symptoms were monitored concurrently. The Halogen immunoassay (HIA) was used to measure subjects' immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity to collected bioaerosols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platanus pollen constituted 76% of total pollen between July 2006 and April 2007. Airborne concentrations of Platanus pollen peaked from August until October. Non-Platanus pollen peaked from July to December. Elevated concentrations of trichomes and achene fibers occurred from September to December and August to October, respectively. As determined by SPT, 85.9% of subjects were sensitized, 65.6% to any pollen tested, 56.3% to Lolium perenne, and 23.4% to Platanus. Higher mean daily symptom scores were only associated with high counts of non-Platanus pollens. HIA analysis demonstrated IgE binding to Platanus pollen in all Platanus sensitized subjects. Personal nasal air sampling detected airborne trichomes that were capable of being inhaled. Platanus trichomes or achene fibers did not bind IgE from any subject.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platanus bioaerosols exist in high concentrations between August and November in inner-urban Sydney but were not associated with seasonal symptoms. Platanus trichomes are inhaled and may constitute a respiratory irritant.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCTXXXXX.
authors: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. jason.sercombe@sydney.edu.au
authors: Jason K
authors: JK
authors: Sercombe
authors: Brett J
authors: BJ
authors: Green
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Rimmer
authors: Pamela K
authors: PK
authors: Burton
authors: Constance H
authors: CH
authors: Katelaris
authors: Euan R
authors: ER
authors: Tovey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012621:Seasons; D012882:Skin Tests; D014197:Trees / Q000276:immunology*; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007073:Immunoglobulin E