title: Determination of relevant neuron-neuron connections for neural prosthetics using time-delayed mutual information: tutorial and preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of functional dependence among neurons is a necessary component in both the rational design of neural prostheses as well as in the characterization of network physiology. The objective of this article is to provide a tutorial for neurosurgeons regarding information theory, specifically time-delayed mutual information, and to compare time-delayed mutual information, an information theoretic quantity based on statistical dependence, with cross-correlation, a commonly used metric for this task in a preliminary analysis of rat hippocampal neurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spike trains were recorded from rats performing delayed nonmatch-to-sample task using an array of electrodes surgically implanted into the hippocampus of each hemisphere of the brain. In addition, spike train simulations of positively correlated neurons, negatively correlated neurons, and neurons correlated by nonlinear functions were generated. These were evaluated by time-delayed mutual information (MI) and cross-correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of time-delayed MI to experimental data indicated the optimal bin size for information capture in the CA3-CA1 system was 40 ms, which may provide some insight into the spatiotemporal nature of encoding in the rat hippocampus. On simulated data, time-delayed MI showed peak values at appropriate time lags in positively correlated, negatively correlated, and complexly correlated data. Cross-correlation showed peak and troughs with positively correlated and negatively correlated data, but failed to capture some higher order correlations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison of time-delayed MI to cross-correlation in identification of functionally dependent neurons indicates that the methods are not equivalent. Time-delayed MI appeared to capture some interactions between CA3-CA1 neurons at physiologically plausible time delays missed by cross-correlation. It should be considered as a method for identification of functional dependence between neurons and may be useful in the development of neural prosthetics.
authors: Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. taghva@usc.edu
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Taghva
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Song
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Hampson
authors: Sam A
authors: SA
authors: Deadwyler
authors: Theodore W
authors: TW
authors: Berger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D007257:Information Theory; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D058117:Neural Prostheses / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted