title: Pulmonary inflammation due to exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbred colts during race training.
abstract: This study investigated the putative roles of inflammation and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). Two-year-old Thoroughbred colts (n=37) were exercised on a racetrack for 5months before commencement of the study. Each colt was then exercised at 15-16m/s over 800-1000m and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 24h later. The colts were subsequently divided into two groups on the basis of BALF analysis; an EIPH-positive group (presence of haemosiderophages, n=23) and an EIPH-negative group (absence of haemosiderophages, n=14). BALF from the EIPH-positive group had a significantly higher protein concentration (0.39±0.28 vs. 0.19±0.12mg/mL, P=0.031), higher PAF bioactivity (0.18±0.12 vs. 0.043±0.05 340:380nm ratio, P=0.042) and a higher lipid hydroperoxide concentration compared to the EIPH-negative group. There was also a lower nitrite concentration and reduced production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by alveolar macrophages in the EIPH-positive group. There was evidence of pulmonary inflammation and a decreased innate immune response of alveolar macrophages in EIPH-positive colts compared with the EIPH-negative group.
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81530-000, Brazil; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, São José dos Pinhais, PR 80242-980, Brazil. Electronic address: michelottojunior@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Pedro V
authors: PV
authors: Michelotto
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81530-000, Brazil.
authors: Luis A
authors: LA
authors: Muehlmann
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81530-000, Brazil.
authors: Ana L
authors: AL
authors: Zanatta
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81530-000, Brazil.
authors: Eloyse W R
authors: EWR
authors: Bieberbach
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81530-000, Brazil.
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Kryczyk
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81530-000, Brazil.
authors: Luis C
authors: LC
authors: Fernandes
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81530-000, Brazil.
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Nishiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006736:Horses; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010972:Platelet Activating Factor