title: [New diagnosis of HIV infection in children].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of children of immigrant origin in the last few years has increased the cohort of HIV-infected children in the Community of Madrid. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the new diagnosed children and describe the different subtypes of HIV-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new diagnosed children were analysed from the year 1997, divided into 3 periods: P1 (1997-2000), P2 (2001-2004), P3 (2005-2009). The regions and countries of origin, the clinical, immune and viral characteristics, as well as the response to treatment were analysed. The subtypes of HIV-1 were evaluated by phylogenetic analysis of protease genes and reverse transcriptase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 141 new diagnoses of HIV infection, the percentage of immigrant origin in P1 was (22.5%), P2 (50%) and P3 (68%). The origin had changed from Latin America in P1 to sub-Saharan Africa in P3. There were no differences between Spanish and immigrant children in the age at diagnosis, the CDC clinical stage A/B/C, viral load, percentage of CD4 at diagnosis and actual. Better viral response was more likely in immigrants after the first regimen of HAART (Highly active antiretroviral treatment) independently of the treatment received. A total of 66 subtypes were obtained, 24% were subtypes non-B (56% recombinants forms). All subtypes of Spanish children (43) and Latin American (5) were subtypes B, and all the children from sub-Saharan Africa (14) were subtypes non-B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no differences between immigrants and Spanish children infected by HIV, except the different subtypes of HIV-1.
authors: Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, España. sguillenmartin@hotmail.com
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Guillén
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Prieto
authors: Santiago
authors: S
authors: Jiménez de Ory
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: González-Granado
authors: María Isabel
authors: MI
authors: González-Tomé
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Mellado
authors: Maribel
authors: M
authors: de José
authors: María Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Navarro
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Beceiro
authors: Miguel Ángel
authors: MÁ
authors: Roa
authors: María Ángeles
authors: MÁ
authors: Muñoz
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Tomás Ramos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000208:ethnology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007843:Latin America / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D010802:Phylogeny; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1