title: Direct ethanol production from starch, wheat bran and rice straw by the white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta.
abstract: The white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta produced ethanol from a variety of hexoses: glucose, mannose, cellobiose and maltose, with yields of 0.49, 0.48, 0.47 and 0.47 g/g of ethanol per sugar utilized, respectively. In addition, this fungus showed relatively favorable xylose consumption and ethanol production with a yield of 0.44 g/g. T. hirsuta was capable of directly fermenting starch, wheat bran and rice straw to ethanol without acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. Maximum ethanol concentrations of 9.1, 4.3 and 3.0 g/l, corresponding to 89.2%, 78.8% and 57.4% of the theoretical yield, were obtained when the fungus was grown in a medium containing 20 g/l starch, wheat bran or rice straw, respectively. The fermentation of rice straw pretreated with ball milling led to a small improvement in the ethanol yield: 3.4 g ethanol/20 g ball-milled rice straw. As T. hirsuta is an efficient microorganism capable of hydrolyzing biomass to fermentable sugars and directly converting them to ethanol, it may represent a suitable microorganism in consolidated bioprocessing applications.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. okamoto@bio.tottori-u.ac.jp
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Okamoto
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Nitta
authors: Nitaro
authors: N
authors: Maekawa
authors: Hideshi
authors: H
authors: Yanase
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D055454:Trametes / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D000431:Ethanol; D013213:Starch