title: Identification and field evaluation of sex pheromone components of the pear barkminer moth, Spulerina astaurota.
abstract: The pear barkminer moth, Spulerina astaurota Meyrick (Gracillariidae: Gracillariinae), is a harmful pest of the Asian-pear tree. Pheromone components of the female were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector and GC coupled with mass spectrometry. The analyses of a crude pheromone extract and those of a fractionated extract on a Florisil column indicated three EAG-active components, tetradecadien-1-ol, its acetate, and an aldehyde derivative. Characteristic fragment ions in the mass spectra of the dienyl compounds and derivatives with 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione revealed double bonds at the 9- and 11-positions. By comparing the chromatographic behaviors to those of four authentic geometrical isomers, which were synthesized by three different routes starting from 1,8-octanediol or 1,9-nonanediol, the configuration of each natural component was assigned to be 9Z,11Z; i.e., it was concluded that the S. astaurota females secreted (9Z,11Z)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-ol (Z9,Z11-14:OH) as a main pheromone component, and the acetate and aldehyde derivatives (Z9,Z11-14:OAc and Z9,Z11-14:Ald) as minor components. This identification was confirmed by a field evaluation of the synthetic pheromone. While the male moths could be attracted to a lure baited with Z9,Z11-14:OH alone, Z9,Z11-14:OAc showed a strong synergistic effect on the attraction. Among the lures tested, the mixture of alcohol and acetate in a ratio of 7:3 exhibited the strongest attraction. Addition of Z9,Z11-14:Ald in the mixture did not significantly increase the number of males attracted. Furthermore, the field test indicated that some contamination of a geometrical isomer of the alcohol did not impair the activity of the binary mixture with the 9Z,11Z configuration.
authors: Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan.
authors: Nguyen Duc
authors: ND
authors: Do
authors: Kanako
authors: K
authors: Ohbayashi
authors: Hideshi
authors: H
authors: Naka
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Nakada
authors: Tetsu
authors: T
authors: Ando
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D012724:Sex Attractants