title: Oxidative stress induced by cadmium in the C6 cell line: role of copper and zinc.
abstract: In this report, we have investigated the role of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in oxidative stress induced by cadmium (Cd) in C6 cells. Cells were exposed to 20 μM Cd, 500 μM Cu, and 450 μM Zn for 24 h. Then, toxic effects, cellular metals levels, oxidative stress parameters, cell death, as well as DNA damage were evaluated. Cd induced an increase in cellular Cd, Cu, and Zn levels. This results not only in the inhibition of GSH-Px, GRase, CAT, and SOD activities but also in ROS overproduction, oxidative damage, and apoptotic cell death not related to Cu and Zn mechanisms. The thiol groups and GSH levels decreased, whereas the lipid peroxidation and DNA damage increased. The toxicity of Zn results from the imbalance between the inhibition of antioxidant activities and the induction of MT synthesis. The increase in Cu and Zn levels could be explained by the disruption of specific transporter activities, Cd interference with signaling pathways, and metal displacement. Our results suggest that the alteration of Cu and Zn homeostasis is involved in the oxidative stress induced by Cd.
authors: INAC/SCIB UMR-E3 CEA/UJF, Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. yves.nzengue@yahoo.ca
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Nzengue
authors: Régine
authors: R
authors: Steiman
authors: Walid
authors: W
authors: Rachidi
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Favier
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Guiraud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc