title: Functionalized multilayered graphene platform for urea sensor.
abstract: Multilayered graphene (MLG) is an interesting material for electrochemical sensing and biosensing because of its very large 2D electrical conductivity and large surface area. We propose a less toxic, reproducible, and easy method for producing functionalized multilayer graphene from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in mass scale using only concentrated H(2)SO(4)/HNO(3). Electron microscopy results show the MLG formation, whereas FTIR and XPS data suggest its carboxylic and hydroxyl-functionalized nature. We utilize this functionalized MLG for the fabrication of a novel amperometric urea biosensor. This biosensor shows linearity of 10-100 mg dL(-1), sensitivity of 5.43 μA mg(-1) dL cm(-2), lower detection limit of 3.9 mg dL(-1), and response time of 10 s. Our results suggest that MLG is a promising material for electrochemical biosensing applications.
authors: Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
authors: Rajesh K
authors: RK
authors: Srivastava
authors: Saurabh
authors: S
authors: Srivastava
authors: Tharangattu N
authors: TN
authors: Narayanan
authors: Bansi D
authors: BD
authors: Mahlotra
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Vajtai
authors: Pulickel M
authors: PM
authors: Ajayan
authors: Anchal
authors: A
authors: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006108:Graphite; D014508:Urea