title: Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes.
abstract: We review top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are beneficial for lighting and display applications, where non-transparent substrates are used. The optical effects of the microcavity structure as well as the loss mechanisms are discussed. Outcoupling techniques and the work on white top-emitting OLEDs are summarized. We discuss the power dissipation spectra for a monochrome and a white top-emitting OLED and give quantitative reports on the loss channels. Furthermore, the development of inverted top-emitting OLEDs is described.
authors: Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, George-Bähr Straße 1, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden. simone.hofmann@iapp.de
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Hofmann
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Thomschke
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Lüssem
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Leo