title: Generation of immunogenic and tolerogenic clinical-grade dendritic cells.
abstract: Immunotherapy with dendritic cells (DCs), which have been manipulated ex vivo to become immunogenic or tolerogenic, has been tested in clinical trials for disease therapy. DCs are sentinels of the immune system, which after exposure to antigenic or inflammatory signals and crosstalk with effector CD4(+) T cells express high levels of costimulatory molecules and cytokines. Upregulation of either costimulatory molecules or cytokines promotes immunologic DCs, whereas their downregulation generates tolerogenic DCs (TDCs), which induce T regulatory cells (Tregs) and a state of tolerance. Immunogenic DCs are used for the therapy of infectious diseases such as HIV-1 and cancer, whereas tolerogenic DCs are used in treating various autoimmune diseases and in transplantation. DC vaccination is still at an early stage, and improvements are mainly needed in quality control of monitoring assays to generate clinical-grade DC products and to assess the effect of DC vaccination in future clinical trials. Here, we review the recent work in DC generation and monitoring approaches for DC-based trials with immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs.
authors: Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 300, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. tahereh.kalantari@jefferson.edu
authors: Tahereh
authors: T
authors: Kalantari
authors: Eskandar
authors: E
authors: Kamali-Sarvestani
authors: Bogoljub
authors: B
authors: Ciric
authors: Mohamad H
authors: MH
authors: Karimi
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Kalantari
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Faridar
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Abdolmohamad
authors: A
authors: Rostami
mesh_terms: D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase