title: Associations between chronic pain and depressive symptoms in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
abstract: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare neuropathic disorder with an excruciating facial pain. The unpredictable pain attacks may result in anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine and to evaluate the level of chronic facial pain and its association with the appearance of anxiety and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients with TN and chronic facial pain (group A, 25 women and 5 men; mean age, 64.2±3.2 years) and 30 with atypical facial pain (group B, 26 women and 4 men; mean age, 64.8±1.9 years) were examined. A standardized diagnostic protocol was applied to all of them, which consisted of the following: 1) demographic data and estimation of overall pain on a visual analog scale; and 2) evaluation of emotional status using the Sheehan Disability Scale, Covi's Anxiety Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intensity of facial pain was much higher in the group A than the group B (89.7±2.5 versus 44.0±2.9, P<0.0001). Besides, the group A reported increased scores on the disability and anxiety symptom scales (17.4±1.3 and 9.7±0.3 vs. 6.4±0.7 and 3.6±0.1, respectively, P<0.0001). Severe (46.7%) or moderate (30%) levels of depression were documented in the majority of patients in the group A, while the group B did not show depressive symptoms (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with TN and chronic facial pain had a significantly higher level of pain perception, and they presented the higher level for anxiety and depression than those with atypical facial pain. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for the additional assessment of emotional status of patients in order to improve the efficacy of treatment and patients' quality of life.
authors: Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Mačianskytė
authors: Gintaras
authors: G
authors: Janužis
authors: Ričardas
authors: R
authors: Kubilius
authors: Virginija
authors: V
authors: Adomaitienė
authors: Arūnas
authors: A
authors: Ščiupokas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008097:Lithuania / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000503:physiopathology*