title: Both resistance- and endurance-type exercise reduce the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and in insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study compares the impact of endurance- vs resistance-type exercise on subsequent 24 h blood glucose homeostasis in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen individuals with IGT, 15 type 2 diabetic patients treated with exogenous insulin (INS), and 15 type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral glucose-lowering medication (OGLM) participated in a randomised crossover experiment. Participants were studied on three occasions for 3 days under strict dietary standardisation, but otherwise free-living conditions. Blood glucose homeostasis was assessed by ambulatory continuous glucose monitoring over the 24 h period following a 45 min session of resistance-type exercise (75% one repetition maximum), endurance-type exercise (50% maximum workload capacity) or no exercise at all.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average 24 h blood glucose concentrations were reduced from 7.4 ± 0.2, 9.6 ± 0.5 and 9.2 ± 0.7 mmol/l during the control experiment to 6.9 ± 0.2, 8.6 ± 0.4 and 8.1 ± 0.5 mmol/l (resistance-type exercise) and 6.8 ± 0.2, 8.6 ± 0.5 and 8.5 ± 0.5 mmol/l (endurance-type exercise) over the 24 h period following a single bout of exercise in the IGT, OGLM and INS groups, respectively (p < 0.001 for both treatments). The prevalence of hyperglycaemia (blood glucose >10 mmol/l) was reduced by 35 ± 7 and 33 ± 11% over the 24 h period following a single session of resistance- and endurance-type exercise, respectively (p < 0.001 for both treatments).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single session of resistance- or endurance-type exercise substantially reduces the prevalence of hyperglycaemia during the subsequent 24 h period in individuals with IGT, and in insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Both resistance- and endurance-type exercise can be integrated in exercise intervention programmes designed to improve glycaemic control.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00945165.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, the Netherlands).
authors: Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors: J-W
authors: JW
authors: van Dijk
authors: R J F
authors: RJ
authors: Manders
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Tummers
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Bonomi
authors: C D A
authors: CD
authors: Stehouwer
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Hartgens
authors: L J C
authors: LJ
authors: van Loon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin