title: Periodontal pharmacotherapy - an updated review.
abstract: Periodontal disease is mainly associated with the activity of bacteria which adhere to the tooth surface and form specific structure of bacterial biofilm. Periodontal bacteria cause inflammation of the gums and aggressive immune response, affecting the periodontium. The first phase of initial therapy - mechanical removal of dental plaque and calculus - is necessary. If this non-surgical therapy has proved to be unsuccessful, an alternative treatment with antimicrobial agents is then considered. Pharmacotherapy is based on systemic or local antibiotics and/or antiseptics, which are applied according to the severity of the disease. A number of recent periodontal studies present some of the pharmacological agents, that are directed against bacteria or a host immune response, are often chosen as an adjunct treatment option, but none of these antimicrobials were established as 'a gold standard' in the periodontal treatment. This review provides some present recommendation of pharmacological strategies, with particular emphasis on systemic and local antimicrobial therapy of periodontal disease.
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. pharmdyn@umwb.edu.pl
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Leszczyńska
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Buczko
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Buczko
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pietruska
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007249:Inflammation; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local