title: [State under the influence of drugs or psychotropic agents--a comparison of toxicological and medical examinations in materials of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice].
abstract: In the paper, the authors present the results of toxicological examinations of blood samples taken from drivers during road check procedures or from perpetrators of traffic road accidents, which--taking into consideration the kind of the determined agents and their concentrations--were compared with the results of medical examinations from blood sampling protocols studied in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Silesian University of Medicine. All the blood samples were first analyzed using an immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Then, the LC-MS method was used. The positive results of screening for the presence of cannabinols were verified by GC-MS. Out of 329 blood samples, 145 were positive. The presence of cannabinols, amphetamine or MDMA was the most predominant finding. Diazepam was determined in 4 cases and opiates in 1 case. Only in 31% cases did positive results of toxicological examinations correspond to deviations found during the medical examinations constituting the basis for the final diagnosis of state "under the influence". In practice, appraisal of drug influence during medical examination seems to be limited and dependent on variable reactions of the examined individuals to a psychoactive agent, time lapse between the traffic road event and the examination or concomitant symptoms associated with ethylene alcohol activity. The final diagnosis of state "under the influence of drugs" or "under the influence of psychotropic agents" given by the physician does not result from the effect of these substances observed during the medical examination, but is very often formulated based on the medical history or police findings. The analysis of the above mentioned cases where Delta9THC or/and amphetamine was detected showed no correlation between the concentration of the psychoactive agent determined in blood and symptoms triggered by its action as described by the physician.
authors: Z Katedry i Zakładu Medycyny Sadowej i Toksykologii Sadowo-Lekarskiej, Slaskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach.
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Korczyńska
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Kulikowska
authors: Rafał
authors: R
authors: Celiński
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Nowicka
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Rojek
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Uttecht-Pudełko
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001285:Atropine / Q000097:blood; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000592:standards; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000097:blood; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000097:blood; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000097:blood; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood*; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000097:blood; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000097:blood*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D001463:Barbiturates; D002186:Cannabinoids; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000431:Ethanol; D001285:Atropine