title: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid solutions for smear layer removal in primary tooth root canals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate, via scanning electron microscopy, the micromorphology of the dentine walls of primary anterior teeth with focus on the presence of the smear layer after endodontic debridement and final irrigation with different systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty primary maxillary anterior teeth were assigned to 3 groups according to the final irrigant solution. Group 1 received 1% sodium hypochlorite; Group 2 received 17% EDTA followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite; and Group 3 received 6% citric acid followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite.  The canals were debrided using 1% sodium hypochlorite to a size 30 file, and the final irrigation was performed with one of the 3 irrigants as assigned. The teeth were prepared for examination of the canal walls by electron microscopy for the presence or absence of the smear layer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 had significantly higher scores for remaining smear layer than Groups 2 and 3 (P<.01), while Groups 2 and 3 presented similar smear layer score values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium hypochlorite promoted the formation of a smear layer during shaping, and the use of EDTA  and citric acid facilitated smear layer removal.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. cmpitoni@gmail.com
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Pitoni
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Figueiredo
authors: F B
authors: FB
authors: Araújo
authors: M A L
authors: MA
authors: Souza
mesh_terms: D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003646:Debridement; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008437:Maxilla; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012996:Solutions; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite