title: Microbiological profile and calprotectin expression in naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate the microbiological profile and the calprotectin expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in spontaneous and experimentally induced gingival inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the study showed that (1) the microbiological profile of quadrants where gingival inflammation was experimentally induced (i.e., E-I test quadrants) differed significantly from that of either quadrants where gingival inflammation was controlled by proper plaque control (i.e., E-I control quadrants) or quadrants with N-O gingivitis, and (2) GCF calprotectin was significantly higher at E-I test quadrants compared to either E-I control quadrants or quadrants with N-O gingivitis. A positive intrasubject correlation was found between GCF concentration of calprotectin at sites presenting N-O and E-I gingivitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N-O and E-I gingivitis showed a different microbiological profile of the subgingival environment. GCF calprotectin is a reliable marker of gingival inflammation, and its concentration in N-O gingivitis is correlated with its expression in E-I gingivitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modality of plaque accumulation seems to affect the subgingival microbiological profile associated with a gingivitis condition. Calprotectin levels in GCF may be regarded as a promising marker of the individual susceptibility to develop gingival inflammation in response to experimentally induced plaque accumulation.
authors: Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Farina
authors: Maria Elena
authors: ME
authors: Guarnelli
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Figuero
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Herrera
authors: Mariano
authors: M
authors: Sanz
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Trombelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex