title: Genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in sweet and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is globally produced as a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Grain and sweet sorghums differ in a number of important traits, including stem sugar and juice accumulation, plant height as well as grain and biomass production. The first whole genome sequence of a grain sorghum is available, but additional genome sequences are required to study genome-wide and intraspecific variation for dissecting the genetic basis of these important traits and for tailor-designed breeding of this important C4 crop.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We resequenced two sweet and one grain sorghum inbred lines, and identified a set of nearly 1,500 genes differentiating sweet and grain sorghum. These genes fall into ten major metabolic pathways involved in sugar and starch metabolisms, lignin and coumarin biosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, stress responses and DNA damage repair. In addition, we uncovered 1,057,018 SNPs, 99,948 indels of 1 to 10 bp in length and 16,487 presence/absence variations as well as 17,111 copy number variations. The majority of the large-effect SNPs, indels and presence/absence variations resided in the genes containing leucine rich repeats, PPR repeats and disease resistance R genes possessing diverse biological functions or under diversifying selection, but were absent in genes that are essential for life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a first report of the identification of genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in sorghum. High-density SNP and indel markers reported here will be a valuable resource for future gene-phenotype studies and the molecular breeding of this important crop and related species.
authors: Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. hcjing@ibcas.ac.cn
authors: Lei-Ying
authors: LY
authors: Zheng
authors: Xiao-Sen
authors: XS
authors: Guo
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: He
authors: Lian-Jun
authors: LJ
authors: Sun
authors: Yao
authors: Y
authors: Peng
authors: Shan-Shan
authors: SS
authors: Dong
authors: Teng-Fei
authors: TF
authors: Liu
authors: Shuye
authors: S
authors: Jiang
authors: Srinivasan
authors: S
authors: Ramachandran
authors: Chun-Ming
authors: CM
authors: Liu
authors: Hai-Chun
authors: HC
authors: Jing
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001947:Breeding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D060467:Disease Resistance; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D045868:Sorghum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers