title: Serum BMP-4 levels in relation to arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the circulating BMP-4 levels and atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum BMP-4 levels were measured in 174 diabetic patients, and the degree of atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness and the cardio-ankle vascular index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum BMP-4 levels were inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, free fatty acids, cardio-ankle vascular index and carotid intima-media thickness. Lower BMP-4 levels were shown to be an independent predictor of the increased cardio-ankle vascular index and carotid intima-media thickness after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum BMP-4 levels are inversely associated with surrogate markers of arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon St Mary's Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jang-Won
authors: JW
authors: Son
authors: Eun-Hee
authors: EH
authors: Jang
authors: Mee-Kyoung
authors: MK
authors: Kim
authors: Ki-Hyun
authors: KH
authors: Baek
authors: Ki-Ho
authors: KH
authors: Song
authors: Kun-Ho
authors: KH
authors: Yoon
authors: Bong-Yun
authors: BY
authors: Cha
authors: Ho-Young
authors: HY
authors: Son
authors: Kwang-Woo
authors: KW
authors: Lee
authors: Hanjoong
authors: H
authors: Jo
authors: Hyuk-Sang
authors: HS
authors: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000097:blood*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human