title: Evaluation of whole lysosomal enzymes directly immobilized on titanium (IV) oxide used in the development of antimicrobial agents.
abstract: Lysosomal enzymes isolated from egg white were directly immobilized on titanium (IV) oxide (TiO(2)) particles using shaking methods (150 rpm, room temperature, 10 min), and the immobilization efficiency, activity, and stability of lysosomal enzymes immobilized on TiO(2) were evaluated. Of the various mass ratios (w/w) of lysosomal enzymes to TiO(2) tested, we found that 100% immobilization efficiency was observed at a ratio of 1:20 (enzymes:TiO(2); w/w). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of the immobilized lysosomal enzymes were confirmed using viable cell counts against Escherichia coli. Our results showed that the antimicrobial activity of immobilized lysosomal enzymes is stable and can be maintained up to one month, but the antimicrobial activity of free enzymes without immobilization completely disappeared after five days in storage. In addition, enhanced immobilization efficiency was shown in TiO(2) pretreated with a divalent, positively charged ion, Ca(2+), and the antimicrobial activity for E. coli increased as a function of increasing ratio of immobilized enzymes. However, K(+), a monovalent, positively charged ion, did not have any positive effect on immobilization or antimicrobial activity. Finally, we suggest that activity and stability of immobilized lysosomal enzymes can be maintained for a longer time than those properties of free lysosomal enzymes.
authors: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin-dong, 1 Ga, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
authors: Seung Hyuck
authors: SH
authors: Bang
authors: Am
authors: A
authors: Jang
authors: Jihee
authors: J
authors: Yoon
authors: Pil
authors: P
authors: Kim
authors: Jong Soo
authors: JS
authors: Kim
authors: Yang-Hoon
authors: YH
authors: Kim
authors: Jiho
authors: J
authors: Min
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009113:Muramidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D010316:Particle Size; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011208:Powders; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004527:Egg Proteins; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D011208:Powders; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D006867:Hydrolases; D009113:Muramidase; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium