title: Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions in the particulate phase from burning incenses with various atomic hydrogen/carbon ratios.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the particulate phase generated from burning various incense was investigated by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Among the used incenses, the atomic H/C ratio ranged from 0.51 to 1.69, yielding the emission factor ranges for total particulate mass and PAHs of 4.19-82.16 mg/g and 1.20-9.50 μg/g, respectively. The atomic H/C ratio of the incense was the key factor affecting particulate mass and the PAHs emission factors. Both the maximum emission factor and the slowest burning rate appear at the H/C ratio of 1.57. The concentrations of the four-ring PAHs predominated and the major species among the 16 PAHs were fluoranthene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene for most incense types. The benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene accounted for 87.08-93.47% of the total toxic equivalency emission factor.
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University, No 306, Yuanpei St, Hsin Chu, 300, Taiwan. d89844001@ntu.edu.tw
authors: Tzu-Ting
authors: TT
authors: Yang
authors: Shaw-Tao
authors: ST
authors: Lin
authors: Tser-Sheng
authors: TS
authors: Lin
authors: Wei-Lun
authors: WL
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012906:Smoke; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen