title: Health related quality of life of Iranian children with type 1 diabetes: reliability and validity of the Persian version of the PedsQL™ Generic Core Scales and Diabetes Module.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to measure health related quality of life (HRQOL) in Iranian children with type 1 diabetes and to test the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL™ 3.0 Diabetes Module.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 94 children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least 3 months in Shiraz, southern Iran. Convergent, discriminant, and construct validity of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL™ 3.0 Diabetes Module were assessed. Moreover, internal consistency was checked by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's α for the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL™ 3.0 Diabetes Module was greater than 0.80 both in the child self-report and parent proxy-report. Both generic and disease-specific versions of the PedsQL showed excellent convergent and acceptable discriminant validity except for 'diabetes symptoms' subscale in the child self-report of the disease-specific module. Moreover, Iranian children with diabetes, as compared with other countries, had lower HRQOL scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While this study showed that the Persian version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales has good psychometric properties in children with type 1 diabetes, the PedsQL™ 3.0 Diabetes Module needs some modifications to be used as a disease-specific quality of life (QOL) measure. Also, more support should be provided for the care of Iranian children with diabetes.
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Peyman
authors: P
authors: Jafari
authors: Elham
authors: E
authors: Forouzandeh
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Bagheri
authors: Zohreh
authors: Z
authors: Karamizadeh
authors: Keivan
authors: K
authors: Shalileh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile