title: Treatment of recalcitrant generalized granuloma annulare with adalimumab.
abstract: Granuloma annulare is a benign, usually self-limited, dermatosis of unknown cause. Generalized lesions occur in approximately 15 percent of patients with GA and may cause mild to severe cosmetic disfigurement. The treatment of generalized granuloma annulare can be challenging. We report the case of a 36-year-old male patient with a generalized granuloma annulare who had failed topical and systemic glucocorticoids, systemic retinoids, dapsone, minocycline, PUVA therapy, and hydroxicloroquine and was successfully treated with adalimumab, an anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody. Adalimumab may be an additional option in the treatment of recalcitrant forms of granuloma annulare.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal. tiagotorres2002@hotmail.com
authors: Tiago
authors: T
authors: Torres
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Pinto Almeida
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Alves
authors: Madalena
authors: M
authors: Sanches
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Selores
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068879:Adalimumab