title: Emerging therapies for urothelial cancer.
abstract: Urothelial carcinoma is one of the leading causes of death in Europe and the United States. Despite its chemosensitivity, median overall survival for advanced disease is still nearly 1 year. Most second-line chemotherapeutic agents tested have been disappointing. Thus, new treatment strategies are clearly needed. This review focuses on emerging therapies in urothelial carcinoma. Results from recent clinical trials, investigating the activity of new generation cytostatic agents, as well as results from studies assessing the toxicity and efficacy of novel targeted therapies, are discussed. In this setting, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor, angiogenesis, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors account for the majority of phase I and II trials.
authors: Genitourinary, Sarcoma and Central Nervous System Tumors Program, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Spain. ceserran@vhebron.net
authors: César
authors: C
authors: Serrano
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Morales
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Suárez
authors: Isaac
authors: I
authors: Núñez
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Valverde
authors: Jordi
authors: J
authors: Rodón
authors: Jordi
authors: J
authors: Humbert
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Padrós
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Carles
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy