title: Dietary intake and nutritional status in a Scandinavian adult cystic fibrosis-population compared with recommendations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malnutrition is a well-known complication in cystic fibrosis (CF). There is good evidence that maintaining a normal body-weight correlates well with improved survival in CF. Energy intake in excess of 120% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) has been advised since 1980s.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the nutritional intake and status in the adult Scandinavian CF-population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional multi-centre study was used to investigate the nutritional status of 456 adult CF-patients (2003 2006). Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) and z-scores were calculated. Pulmonary function was examined by dynamic spirometry. A 7-day pre-coded food record (FR) obtained energy and nutrient intake data in 180 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean energy intake was 114 (SD 30.0)% of EAR and thus significantly lower than the target of 120% EAR (p< 0.001) for patients with pancreatic insufficiency (PI) (n=136). Mean BMI was 22.0 (SD 2.9), the prevalence of BMI <18 was 13% and the prevalence of BMI ≥25 was 15% (n=136). Mean BMI was 20.8 (SD 2.4) in PI-patients with FEV(1) <70% and 23.2% (SD 3.0), in PI-patients with FEV(1) ≥70%, mean difference 2.4, (95% CI: 1.5, 3.3) (p<0.001), but there was no difference in energy intake. BMI ≥18.5 and a reported energy intake <120% were revealed in 54% of the PI-patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The energy intake did not reach the recommended 120% EAR, but the prevalence of underweight was lower than reported in other studies. The recommendation may exceed the requirement for a number of CF-patients. The nutritional status must still be closely monitored and nutritional advice and intervention should be individualised and adjusted to actual needs.
authors: Norwegian Resource Centre for Cystic Fibrosis, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Inger E
authors: IE
authors: Moen
authors: Kristina
authors: K
authors: Nilsson
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Andersson
authors: Morten W
authors: MW
authors: Fagerland
authors: Gjermund
authors: G
authors: Fluge
authors: Annika
authors: A
authors: Hollsing
authors: Marita
authors: M
authors: Gilljam
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Mared
authors: Tacjana
authors: T
authors: Pressler
authors: Henriette
authors: H
authors: Santi
authors: Olav-Trond
authors: OT
authors: Storrøsten
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Hjelte