title: An alternative single dose parameter to avoid the need for steady-state studies on oral extended-release drug products.
abstract: Use of single and multiple-dose studies is required to establish the bioequivalence between two extended-release oral dosage forms under the current European Guidelines. However, FDA is less strict in this regard and only requires a single-dose study. The objective of this work is to use a computer simulation in order to test the two approaches. Three pharmacokinetic models, representing different release mechanisms, were considered, and Monte Carlo simulations with intra- and inter-individual variabilities were performed. Five different bioequivalence protocols were used and a new pharmacokinetic metric -C(τ), the concentration at the end of the intended dosing interval obtained in the single-dose study - is proposed in order to avoid the need for steady-state studies while keeping the ability to detect differences between formulations. Results have shown that the European requirements are more capable to discriminate between two potentially different formulations but at the cost of the multiple-dose study and with an increased number of subjects when compared to the FDA requirements. However, the use of C(max) and AUC(0-)(t) obtained on a single-dose study with the added C(τ) metric equals the discriminatory ability of the current EMA requirements, without the need of a multiple-dose study. This proposed approach results in the reduction in the number of studies and volunteers enrolled in clinical bioequivalence trials, without compromising the quality assurance of a new extended-release oral formulation.
authors: iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. ppaixao@ff.ul.pt
authors: Paulo
authors: P
authors: Paixão
authors: Luís F
authors: LF
authors: Gouveia
authors: José A G
authors: JA
authors: Morais
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005060:Europe; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations