title: Using handheld plastic scintillator detectors to triage individuals exposed to a radiological dispersal device.
abstract: After a radiological dispersal device (RDD) event, people could become internally contaminated by inhaling dispersed radioactive particles. A rapid method to screen individuals who are internally contaminated is desirable. Such initial screening can help in prompt identification of those who are highly contaminated and in prioritising individuals for further and more definitive evaluation such as laboratory testing. The use of handheld plastic scintillators to rapidly screen those exposed to an RDD with gamma-emitting radionuclides was investigated in this study. The Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code was used to model two commercially available plastic scintillation detectors in conjunction with anthropomorphic phantom models to determine the detector response to inhaled radionuclides. Biokinetic models were used to simulate an inhaled radionuclide and its progression through the anthropomorphic phantoms up to 30 d after intake. The objective of the study was to see if internal contamination levels equivalent to 250 mSv committed effective dose equivalent could be detected using these instruments. Five radionuclides were examined: (60)Co, (137)Cs, (192)Ir, (131)I and (241)Am. The results demonstrate that all of the radionuclides except (241)Am could be detected when placing either one of the two plastic scintillator detector systems on the posterior right torso of the contaminated individuals.
authors: Georgia Institute of Technology, Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, GA 30332-0475, USA. mangerrp@ornl.gov
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Manger
authors: N E
authors: NE
authors: Hertel
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Burgett
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D001822:Body Burden; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008904:Miniaturization; D010969:Plastics / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012588:Scintillation Counting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D023481:Terrorism; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D010969:Plastics