title: Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone-anchored maxillary protraction has been shown to be an effective treatment modality for the correction of Class III malocclusions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional changes in the maxilla, the surrounding hard and soft tissues, and the circummaxillary sutures after bone-anchored maxillary protraction treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five consecutive skeletal Class III patients between the ages of 9 and 13 years (mean, 11.10 ± 1.1 years) were treated with Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates (2 in the infrazygomatic crests of the maxilla and 2 in the anterior mandible). Cone-beam computed tomographs were taken before initial loading and 1 year out. Three-dimensional models were generated from the tomographs, registered on the anterior cranial base, superimposed, and analyzed by using color maps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maxilla showed a mean forward displacement of 3.7 mm, and the zygomas and the maxillary incisors came forward 3.7 and 4.3 mm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This treatment approach produced significant orthopedic changes in the maxilla and the zygomas in growing Class III patients.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA. nguyentu@dentistry.unc.edu
authors: Tung
authors: T
authors: Nguyen
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Cevidanes
authors: Marie A
authors: MA
authors: Cornelis
authors: Gavin
authors: G
authors: Heymann
authors: Leonardo K
authors: LK
authors: de Paula
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: De Clerck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001860:Bone Plates; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008046:Lip; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003765:Models, Dental; D009666:Nose; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015050:Zygoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging