title: Factors associated with low hepatitis B vaccination; a user and provider perspective study in Peshawar.
abstract: Hepatitis B is a major burden in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peshawar, from 9th June to 19th June 2010. Cluster random sampling was done. Confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of 5 was used to derive sample size. Parents of 506 children were asked about their hepatitis B immunization status who were aged 4 years or under. Questions on demographics, income, education, accessibility and occupation, knowledge and views on immunization were asked. Forty health personnel were interviewed for their views. In all, 62.2% children were completely vaccinated. Reasons for not being immunized included unawareness, busy schedule, long distance to the centre and various misconceptions. Education, mothers' knowledge and views on immunization, income, closer accessibility, were the main factors associated with immunization. Health personnel thought lack of awareness among people, low accessibility and poor incentives as the shortcomings in immunization. It is recommended that effective steps should be taken to ensure better coverage.
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Naeem
authors: Muhammad Zia-ul-Islam
authors: MZ
authors: Khan
authors: Syed Hussain
authors: SH
authors: Abbas
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Adil
authors: Muhammad Usman
authors: MU
authors: Khan
authors: Syeda Maria
authors: SM
authors: Naz
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D010154:Pakistan; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines