title: The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes--Stuttering (POSHA-S): summary framework and empirical comparisons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) was developed to make available worldwide a standard measure of public attitudes toward stuttering that is practical, reliable, valid, and translatable. Mean data from past field studies as comparisons for interpretation of POSHA-S results are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Means for POSHA-S items (converted to -100 to +100 scales), components comprising clusters of items, subscores comprising clusters of components, and Overall Stuttering Scores comprising two subscores for stuttering were generated from 64 samples, totaling 2876 respondents who completed experimental versions of the POSHA-S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lowest, highest, and median sample values, which vary with the addition of new sample data to the growing POSHA-S database archive, provide points of comparison for any potential sample rather than predetermined values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final POSHA-S, together with an ongoing and growing archive, can provide increasingly meaningful comparisons for stakeholders measuring public attitudes toward stuttering.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) Describe the subscores and components of the POSHA-S, (2) describe the Overall Stuttering Score of the POSHA-S, and (3) describe the format for interpretation of the POSHA-S.
authors: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, West Virginia University, WV 26506-6122, Morgantown, USA. kstlouis@wvu.edu
authors: Kenneth O
authors: KO
authors: St Louis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D011639:Public Opinion; D013342:Stuttering; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult