title: Soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 correlates with cardiovascular risk factors and early atherosclerotic manifestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular adhesion protein-1 is an endothelial enzyme that regulates leukocyte traffic and contributes to vascular damage in animal models. The relations of soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1) with cardiovascular risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis at a population level have not been studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a new high-throughput method and measured sVAP-1 activities in serum of 2183 persons (The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study). In women, sVAP-1 activity correlated indirectly with body mass index (r=-0.15, P<0.0001), triglycerides (r=-0.13, P<0.0001), C-reactive protein (r=-0.23; P<0.0001), and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (r=-0.076, P=0.0089) and directly with carotid plaques (r=0.066, P=0.023). None of these correlations was significant in men. In women, all these univariate correlations remained significant after adjustment for body mass index, and direct correlations with LDL-cholesterol (r=0.094, P=0.0014) and carotid intima-media thickness (r=0.075, P=0.010) became evident. In men, sVAP-1 activity associated directly with glucose (r=0.074, P=0.020), intima-media thickness (r=0.072, P=0.025), metabolic syndrome (P=0.016), and type 1 (P=0.0002) and type 2 (P<0.0001) diabetes. In multivariable analyses, sVAP-1 activity was an independent determinant of carotid intima-media thickness (P=0.0072) and plaques [odds ratio 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.07-2.72, P=0.025] in women, but not in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sVAP-1 activity correlates directly with intima-media thickness and carotid plaques in general population and may play a role in the pathophysiology of preclinical atherosclerosis.
authors: MediCity Research Laboratory, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors: Kristiina
authors: K
authors: Aalto
authors: Mikael
authors: M
authors: Maksimow
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Juonala
authors: Jorma
authors: J
authors: Viikari
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Jula
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Kähönen
authors: Sirpa
authors: S
authors: Jalkanen
authors: Olli T
authors: OT
authors: Raitakari
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Salmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)