title: First-trimester diagnosis of body stalk anomaly using 2- and 3-dimensional sonography.
abstract: To determine the sonographic features of body stalk anomaly in the first trimester using 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonography, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all nuchal translucency sonographic examinations performed between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2010, at our institution. From a total of 6952 nuchal translucency sonographic examinations, 4 cases of body stalk anomaly were identified. All cases were characterized by an absent umbilical cord and a large ventral wall defect with herniation of the abdominal contents into the extraembryonic coelom. Associated features included kyphoscoliosis, limb defects, and enlarged nuchal translucency measurements. Three-dimensional sonography was a useful adjunct to 2D techniques in determining the precise relationship of fetal structures to the amniotic cavity. Our case series emphasizes the importance of a thorough anatomic survey at the time of nuchal translucency screening and the value of 3D sonography in the delineation of first-trimester anomalies.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. amurphy@mednet.ucla.edu
authors: Aisling
authors: A
authors: Murphy
authors: Lawrence D
authors: LD
authors: Platt
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013577:Syndrome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*