title: BMP-2 embedded atelocollagen scaffold for tissue-engineered cartilage cultured in the medium containing insulin and triiodothyronine--a new protocol for three-dimensional in vitro culture of human chondrocytes.
abstract: When the chondrocytes are isolated from the native cartilage and proliferate in vitro, they soon lose their original ability to express glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen, which is termed dedifferentiation, or decrease cell viability. We first examined in vitro cartilage regeneration of tissue-engineered pellets that consisted of human auricular chondrocytes and atelocollagen and that were incubated in vitro under stimulation with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin, and T(3). We then examined the administration of those growth factors into the scaffold or in the medium and explored the possibility that the atelocollagen, the hydrogel scaffold of the chondrocytes, may function for drug delivery of the factors. BMP-2 in the atelocollagen with the supplement of insulin and T3 in the medium could not only produce a greater GAG matrix in a shorter period but also sustain cell viability with lower mortality. The insulin in the medium could be better administered only for 2 weeks, rather than 3 weeks, which would save time and cost, hence shortening the in vitro culture of chondrocytes. Our protocol of mixing BMP-2 into the atelocollagen with the supplement of insulin and T3 hormone might provide a new insight into the development of tissue engineering in chondrogenesis.
authors: Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration-Fujisoft, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Edward Chengchuan
authors: EC
authors: Ko
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Fujihara
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Ogasawara
authors: Yukiyo
authors: Y
authors: Asawa
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Nishizawa
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Nagata
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Takato
authors: Kazuto
authors: K
authors: Hoshi
mesh_terms: D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D003470:Culture Media; D007328:Insulin; C059821:atelocollagen; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D003094:Collagen