title: Applications of PCR (real-time and MassTag) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in diagnosis of respiratory infections and diarrheal illness among deployed U.S. military personnel during exercise Balikatan 2009, Philippines.
abstract: Laboratory-based surveillance for diarrheal and respiratory illness was conducted at the 2009 Republic of the Philippines-United States Balikatan exercise to determine the presence of specific pathogens endemic in the locations where the military exercises were conducted. Ten stool and 6 respiratory specimens were obtained from individuals meeting case definitions for diarrhea or respiratory illness. Stool specimens were frozen in dry ice and remotely tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Adenovirus, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium and polymerase chain reaction for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Shigella, Vibrio, Salmonella, and Norovirus. Eight (4 for Campylobacter jejuni, 2 for Campylobacter coli, 1 for Norovirus genogroup II, and 1 for both Campylobacter coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli) of 10 samples were positive for at least 1 enteric pathogen. MassTag polymerase chain reaction for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus groups A and B, human coronavirus-229E and human coronavirus-OC43, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus, human parainfluenza viruses 2,3, and 4a, human adenovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumonia, and Mycoplasma pneumonia was done on respiratory specimens. Out of 6 samples, 3 tested positive for H. influenzae; 1 tested positive for both H. influenzae and human parainfluenza virus 3; and 2 tested negative. Laboratory-based surveillance can be useful in determining etiologies of diarrheal and respiratory illness of deployed military personnel.
authors: Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: John Mark S
authors: JM
authors: Velasco
authors: In-Kyu
authors: IK
authors: Yoon
authors: Carl J
authors: CJ
authors: Mason
authors: Richard G
authors: RG
authors: Jarman
authors: Ladaporn
authors: L
authors: Bodhidatta
authors: Chonticha
authors: C
authors: Klungthong
authors: Sasikorn
authors: S
authors: Silapong
authors: Maria Theresa G
authors: MT
authors: Valderama
authors: Tippa
authors: T
authors: Wongstitwilairoong
authors: Arturo G
authors: AG
authors: Torres
authors: Daniel P
authors: DP
authors: De Cecchis
authors: Julie A
authors: JA
authors: Pavlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology