title: Posttraumatic temporomandibular joint disorders.
abstract: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has many essential functions. None of its components are exempt from injury. Facial asymmetry, malocclusion, disturbances in growth, osteoarthritis, and ankylosis can manifest as complications from trauma to the TMJ. The goals of initial treatment include achievement of pretraumatic function, restoration of facial symmetry, and resolution of pain. These same objectives hold true for late repairs and reconstruction of the TMJ apparatus. Treatment is demanding, and with opposing approaches. The following article explores various treatment options for problems presenting as a result of a history of trauma to the TMJ.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Helen E
authors: HE
authors: Giannakopoulos
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Quinn
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Granquist
authors: Joli C
authors: JC
authors: Chou