title: [Biological functions of the duplicated GGAA-motifs in various human promoter regions].
abstract: Transcription is one of the most fundamental cellular functions and is an enzyme-complex mediated reaction that converts DNA sequences into mRNA. TATA-box is known to be an important motif for transcription. However, there are majority of promoters that have no TATA-box. They are called as TATA-less promoters and possess other elements that determine the transcription start site (TSS) of the genes. Multiple protein factors including ETS family proteins are known to recognize and bind to the GGAA containing sequences. In addition, it has been reported that the ETS binding motifs play important roles in regulation of various promoters. Here, we propose that the duplication and multiplication of the GGAA motifs are responsible for the initiation of transcription from TATA-less promoters.
authors: Department of Gene Regulation, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan. uchiumi@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp
authors: Fumiaki
authors: F
authors: Uchiumi
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Sei-Ichi
authors: S
authors: Tanuma
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D020440:Gene Duplication / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016385:TATA Box / Q000235:genetics; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets