title: The axon initial segment in nervous system disease and injury.
abstract: The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage-gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine-tuning of neuronal excitability. Therefore, it is not surprising that mutations in AIS-related genes, disruption of the molecular organization of the AIS and altered AIS ion channel expression, function, location and/or density are emerging as key players in neurological disorders. Here, we consider the role of the AIS in nervous system disease and injury.
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM295, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Shelly A
authors: SA
authors: Buffington
authors: Matthew N
authors: MN
authors: Rasband
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017487:Ankyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016764:Cell Polarity; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D017487:Ankyrins; D007473:Ion Channels