title: The protective role of procyanidins and lycopene against mercuric chloride renal damage in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the protection of procyanidins and lycopene from the renal damage induced by mercuric chloride.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were treated with either procyanidins or lycopene 2h before HgCl(2) subcutaneously injection, once daily treatment for 2 successive days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with HgCl(2) group, markers of renal function such as blood urea nitrogen in serum and urinary protein were decreased to (18.45±11.63) mmol/L and (15.93±9.36) mmol/L, (4.54±0.78) g/(g·Cr) and (4.40±1.12) g/(g·Cr). N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase in urine were depressed to (125.49±11.68) U/(g·Cr), (103.73±21.79) U/(g·Cr), (101.99±12.28) U/(g·Cr), and (113.19±23.74) U/(g·Cr), (71.14±21.80) U/(g·Cr), (73.64±21.51) U/(g·Cr) in procyanidins and lycopene groups. Indicators of oxidative stress, for example, Glutathion was reduced to (45.58±9.89) μmol/(g·pro) and (45.33±5.90) μmol/(g·pro), and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase were enhanced to (43.07±10.97) U/(mg·pro) and (39.94±6.04) U/(mg·pro), (83.85±18.48) U/(mg·pro), and (85.62±12.68) U/(mg·pro). Malondialdehyde was lowered to (0.95±0.12) (μmol/g·pro) and (1.03±0.12) μmol/(g·pro) in procyanidins and lycopene groups. ROS generation was decreased by 27.63% and 16.40% and apoptosis was also decreased in procyanidins and lycopene groups respectively. Pathological changes were much better as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Procyanidins and Lycopene play some protective role against mercury kidney damage.
authors: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
authors: HaiBo
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: ZhaoFa
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Deng
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000652:urine; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D000077276:Lycopene; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D008628:Mercury / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008627:Mercuric Chloride; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D008628:Mercury; D005978:Glutathione; D000077276:Lycopene