title: Effect of insole material on lower limb kinematics and plantar pressures during treadmill walking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently there is a paucity of research providing recommendations on the type of orthotic or material used in its construction for different patient requirements.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To gain a greater understanding of the characteristics of orthotic materials and how they affect gait so to enhance the clinical decision-making process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plantar pressures and kinematics were evaluated for 10 participants while walking on a treadmill under various conditions which included, shoes only and shoes with four different flat insoles and custom devices created in each of two densities of two materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the flat insoles, medium density ethyl vinyl acetate was found to produce greater peak pressures than at least one of the other material conditions and low and medium density polyurethane were most effective at increasing average contact area and at reducing pressure time integral. For the custom devices, while no significant differences were evident, when compared to the shoe only condition, medium density polyurethane increased average contact area by a greater percentage than the other materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results for medium density polyurethane suggest a possible difference in loading characteristics, indicating a potential material suitability for patients with a compromised ability to deal with pressure.
authors: Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK. a.healy@staffs.ac.uk
authors: Aoife
authors: A
authors: Healy
authors: Dave N
authors: DN
authors: Dunning
authors: Nachiappan
authors: N
authors: Chockalingam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000628:therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009989:Orthotic Devices / Q000592:standards*; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C057352:ethyl vinyl acetate