title: Emerging drugs for the treatment of transplant rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney allograft rejection is an important cause of early and late allograft failure. The importance of antibody-mediated rejection especially in the context of late allograft failure has only recently been acknowledged.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review summarizes new developments in the treatment of cellular and antibody-mediated kidney allograft rejection. Drugs presented here include monoclonal antibodies and novel innovative approaches such as proteasome and complement inhibition. In addition, other options for the treatment of allograft rejection such as the administration of intravenous immune globulins or the use of plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Especially the treatment of chronic antibody-mediated rejection represents a challenge and new therapeutic options are needed.
authors: University of Heidelberg, Department of Nephrology, Germany. lars.kihm@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors: Lars P
authors: LP
authors: Kihm
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Zeier
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Morath
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015195:Drug Design; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015507:Drugs, Investigational