title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in cancer progression and survival: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and disease progression and survival in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using terms for cancer and ACEIs/ARBs, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were systematically searched for observational/interventional studies that used clinically relevant outcomes for cancer progression and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Two studies showed a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) with ACEI/ARB use among patients with advanced pancreatic (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.88) and non-small cell lung cancer (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.95). An improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) was also reported for pancreatic cancer patients (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34-0.95) and patients with renal cell carcinoma (HR 0.54, p = 0.02). ACEI/ARB use was protective against breast cancer recurrence (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.96), colorectal cancer distant metastasis (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08-0.65) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) failure in prostate cancer patients (p = 0.034). One study observed a worse OS (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.00-4.05) and PFS in ACEI users with multiple myeloma (p = 0.085) while another reported an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is some evidence to suggest that ACEI or ARB use may be associated with improved outcomes in cancer patients. Larger, more robust studies are required to explore this relationship further.
authors: Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK. umcmenamin02@qub.ac.uk
authors: Úna C
authors: ÚC
authors: Mc Menamin
authors: Liam J
authors: LJ
authors: Murray
authors: Marie M
authors: MM
authors: Cantwell
authors: Carmel M
authors: CM
authors: Hughes
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013534:Survival
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors