title: Risk factors associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Spanish incident hemodialysis patients: two-year results from the ANSWER study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease in hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, prospective, 2-year, observational study in 2,310 incident patients (3,496 patient-years). Multivariate Cox models determined baseline characteristics associated with CV disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main factors associated with CV deaths (6.3/100 patient-years) were: high Charlson score (hazard ratio (HR) 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-7.5 for ≥9 vs. ≤4); low Karnofsky score (KS; HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5-3.3 for KS ≤50 vs. >70); female gender (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.9); catheter access (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9); low (<3.5 g/dl) albumin (HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.8-3.3); ferritin deficiency (HR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.2 for <100 vs. ≥100-500 ng/ml) and low body mass index (BMI; HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-3.0 for <20 vs. 20-25). A BMI of ≥30 was a protective factor (HR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high CV risk, especially in older patients with high comorbidity, low BMI, low albumin or iron deficiency. Catheter access increases the CV death risk.
authors: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. fgarcia.hpth @ salud.madrid.org
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Cuevas
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: García
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Martín-Malo
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Fort
authors: Fina
authors: F
authors: Lladós
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Lozano
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Pérez-García
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D057785:Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D005293:Ferritins