title: US mortality rates for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer by educational attainment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe trends in mortality rates for patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancer by educational attainment, race/ethnicity, sex, and association with human papillomavirus infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study of age-standardized mortality rates for patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancer by level of education using National Center for Health Statistics data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six states.
  
  
  METHODS
  White and black men and women aged 25 to 64 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-standardized mortality rates for 2005 to 2007 and trends for 1993 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1993 to 2007, overall mortality rates for patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancer decreased among black and white men and women; however, rates among white men have stabilized since 1999. The largest decreases in mortality rates were among black men and women with 12 years of education (-4.95% and -3.72%, respectively). Mortality rates for patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancers decreased significantly among men and women with more than 12 years of education, regardless of race/ethnicity (except for black women), whereas rates increased among white men with less than 12 years of education. Mortality trends vary substantially for human papillomavirus-related and human papillomavirus-unrelated sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed decreasing mortality rates for patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer among whites and blacks; however, decreases were greatest among those with at least 12 years of education. This difference in mortality trends may reflect the changing prevalence of smoking and sexual behaviors among populations of different educational attainment.
authors: American Cancer Society, National Home Office, 250 Williams Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. achen@emory.edu
authors: Amy Y
authors: AY
authors: Chen
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: DeSantis
authors: Ahmedin
authors: A
authors: Jemal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology