title: Impact of comorbid migraine on the clinical course of bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests an association between migraine and bipolar disorder (BD), although the impact of this association in the clinical course of BD is relatively unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare 2 groups of individuals with BD (with vs without comorbid migraine) and evaluate differences in severity of clinical course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred thirty-nine adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-defined bipolar I or II disorder were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: with and without comorbid migraine. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using standardized interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with comorbid migraines had more mood episodes, especially those with depressive polarity. In addition, comorbid migraine was associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric and general medical comorbidities. Differences between the 2 groups in number of lifetime hospitalizations for depression/mania, rates of rapid cycling, and history of suicide attempts were not observed after Bonferroni correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comorbid migraine seems to be associated with poor outcomes in BD. Additional studies should be conducted to investigate shared vulnerabilities and pathophysiologic mechanisms as well as treatment optimization of both illnesses.
authors: Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. elisabrietzke@hotmail.com
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Brietzke
authors: Camila Luzia Roganti Leite
authors: CL
authors: Moreira
authors: Stephanie Vendramini Bianco
authors: SV
authors: Duarte
authors: Fabiano Gonçalves
authors: FG
authors: Nery
authors: Flávio
authors: F
authors: Kapczinski
authors: Ângela
authors: Â
authors: Miranda Scippa
authors: Beny
authors: B
authors: Lafer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires