title: Interleukin-25: key regulator of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
abstract: Polarization of naïve T cells in a certain functional direction is influenced not only by antigen type and concentration, but also by co-stimulatory signals, the local cytokine environment and transcription factors that activate or inhibit specific T cell lineage programs through positive or negative feedback loops. Interleukin-25 (IL-25) is a recently identified member of the IL-17 cytokine family. It has the ability to influence innate and adaptative immunity. Within the IL-17 family, IL-25 possesses the lowest degree of homology to IL- 17A, does not share common biological functions with other members of the IL-17 cytokine family, and instead has been been implicated in the promotion of Th2 immunity. IL-25 drives the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, thereby contributing to allergic disease. Although our understanding of the biology of IL-25 is increasing, how IL-25 is regulated is still poor. On the other hand, recent studies have shown a novel anti-inflammatory role for IL-25 as a key factor in the attenuation of IL-17-mediated inflammation, such as in colitis, encephalomyelitis, and diabetes mellitus. Thus, IL-25 and IL-17, being members of the same cytokine family, seem to play opposing roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we review the dual roles of IL-25 in immune responses, the molecular basis for these effects, and the potential therapeutic implications.
authors: Laboratory I3 “Immunology, immunopathology, immunotherapy” UMR 7211 INSERM U959, and Department of Internal Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, France. david.saadoun@psl.aphp.fr
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Saadoun
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Terrier
authors: Patrice
authors: P
authors: Cacoub
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015267:Churg-Strauss Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C486701:IL25 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17