title: Incidence and survival of rare urogenital cancers in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The RARECARE project aims at increasing knowledge of rare cancers in Europe. This manuscript describes the epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, survival) of rare urogenital cancers, taking into account the morphological characterisation of these tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data gathered by RARECARE on cancer patients diagnosed from 1995 to 2002 and archived in 64 European population-based cancer registries, followed up to December 31st, 2003 or later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual number of males that develop penile cancer in the EU is estimated at 3100, which is equivalent to an age standardised rate (ASR) of 12 per million males. The 5-year relative survival rate is 69%, while squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant morphological entity. Each year around 650 persons in the EU develop cancer of the urethra and 7200 develop cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter (RPU). The ASR for cancer of the urethra and RPU is 1.1 (males 1.6; females 0.6) and 12 (males 16; females 7) per million inhabitants, respectively. The 5-year relative survival rate for cancer of the urethra and RPU is 54% and 51%, respectively. Transitional cell carcinoma is the predominant morphological entity of cancer of the urethra and RPU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the low number of cases and the fact that one third to one half of the patients die of their disease, centralisation of treatment of these rare tumours to a select number of specialist centres should be promoted.
authors: Comprehensive Cancer Centre The Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. o.visser@ikca.nl
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Visser
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Adolfsson
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rossi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Verne
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gatta
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Maffezzini
authors: K N
authors: KN
authors: Franks
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D035583:Rare Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*