title: Nuclear localization of 14-3-3epsilon inversely correlates with poor long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  14-3-3ε regulates diverse biological processes and plays a significant role in the formation of malignant tumors. However, the localization and clinical significance of 14-3-3ε in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 14-3-3ε expression and its prognostic significance in CRC. CRC surgical samples were taken from 137 clinicopathologically characterized CRC cases. 14-3-3ε expression was tested by immunohistochemical assay. Separate Western blot of nuclear and cytosol preparations confirmed nuclear localization of 14-3-3ε protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear expression of 14-3-3ε was observed in 76.9% of normal colorectal tissue and 78.8% of all CRC samples. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference of nuclear 14-3-3ε expression in patients categorized according to lymph node metastasis. A trend was identified between decreasing nuclear 14-3-3ε expression in CRC and worsening clinical prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that loss of nuclear 14-3-3ε expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patient's survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current data provide evidence that 14-3-3ε is not exclusively a cytosolic protein, but is also detectable within the nucleus. Our results suggest that nuclear 14-3-3ε as a suppressor may serve as important biomarker of tumor metastasis. Loss of nuclear 14-3-3ε is closely associated with poor overall survival in CRC patients.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Haoran
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Weidong
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Xuejun
authors: X
authors: Jin
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Zeng
authors: Yawei
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Gu
authors: Xuegang
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Ge
authors: G
authors: Wen
authors: Yanqing
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen