title: Cord blood glutathione depletion in preterm infants: correlation with maternal cysteine depletion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depletion of blood glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant, is known to occur in preterm infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine: 1) whether GSH depletion is present at the time of birth; and 2) whether it is associated with insufficient availability of cysteine (cys), the limiting GSH precursor, or a decreased capacity to synthesize GSH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen mothers delivering very low birth weight infants (VLBW), and 16 mothers delivering healthy, full term neonates were enrolled. Immediately after birth, erythrocytes from umbilical vein, umbilical artery, and maternal blood were obtained to assess GSH [GSH] and cysteine [cys] concentrations, and the GSH synthesis rate was determined from the incorporation of labeled cysteine into GSH in isolated erythrocytes ex vivo, measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with mothers delivering at full term, mothers delivering prematurely had markedly lower erythrocyte [GSH] and [cys] and these were significantly depressed in VLBW infants, compared with term neonates. A strong correlation was found between maternal and fetal GSH and cysteine levels. The capacity to synthesize GSH was as high in VLBW as in term infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current data demonstrate that: 1) GSH depletion is present at the time of birth in VLBW infants; 2) As VLBW neonates possess a fully active capacity to synthesize glutathione, the depletion may arise from inadequate cysteine availability, potentially due to maternal depletion. Further studies would be needed to determine whether maternal-fetal cysteine transfer is decreased in preterm infants, and, if so, whether cysteine supplementation of mothers at risk of delivering prematurely would strengthen antioxidant defense in preterm neonates.
authors: UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors: Alice
authors: A
authors: Küster
authors: Illa
authors: I
authors: Tea
authors: Véronique
authors: V
authors: Ferchaud-Roucher
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Le Borgne
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Plouzennec
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Winer
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Rozé
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Robins
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Darmaun
mesh_terms: D003545:Cysteine / Q000172:deficiency*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine