title: Epigenetic regulation of HIV-1 transcription.
abstract: After entry into the target cell and reverse transcription, HIV-1 genes are integrated into the host genome. It is now well established that the viral promoter activity is directly governed by its chromatin environment. Nuc-1, a nucleosome located immediately downstream of the HIV-1 transcriptional initiation site directly impedes long-terminal repeat (LTR) activity. Epigenetic modifications and disruption of Nuc-1 are a prerequisite to the activation of LTR-driven transcription and viral expression. The compaction of chromatin and its permissiveness for transcription are directly dependent on the post-translational modifications of histones such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV-1 transcriptional silencing and activation is thus a major challenge in the fight against AIDS and will certainly lead to new therapeutic tools.
authors: Department of Virology, University of Franche-Comté, EA4266, IFR133 INSERM, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors: Manoj Kumar
authors: MK
authors: Tripathy
authors: Wasim
authors: W
authors: Abbas
authors: Georges
authors: G
authors: Herbein
mesh_terms: D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000502:physiology*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000502:physiology; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; C518299:BIX 01294; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D010879:Piperazines; D011799:Quinazolines; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C002511:chaetocin; C070999:prostratin; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases