title: The effect of total cumulative dose, number of treatment cycles, interval between injections, and length of treatment on the frequency of occurrence of antibodies to botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of muscle spasticity.
abstract: A large cumulative dose of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), frequent injections, a short interval between treatment cycles, and a long duration of treatment have all been suggested, but not confirmed, to be associated with a high incidence of neutralizing antibodies to the neurotoxin. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these variables predispose to BoNT-A neutralizing antibody formation. A mouse protection (neutralization) bioassay was used for the detection of BoNT-A antibodies in 17 patients who received large doses of BoNT-A, over at least 10 consecutive treatment cycles or for 5 years or more. BoNT-A antibodies were not detected in any of the study patients. The study findings did not confirm an association between the above-mentioned variables and BoNT-A antibody formation.
authors: West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK. Magid.bakheit@bhamcommunity.nhs.uk
authors: Abdel Magid O
authors: AM
authors: Bakheit
authors: Anthea
authors: A
authors: Liptrot
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Newton
authors: Andrew M
authors: AM
authors: Pickett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA