title: Obesity estimates for children based on parent-reported versus direct measures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies based on adolescents and adults have found that the use of self-reported height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI) yields a lower prevalence of obesity than do estimates based on measured data. Relatively few studies have examined the bias resulting from the use of parent-reported height and weight for children, and the findings have been inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Parent-reported height and weight of children aged 6 to 11 (n=854) were obtained. Subsequently, the children's height and weight were directly measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, parents underestimated the height (3.3 cm) and weight (1.1 kg) of their children. Estimates of the prevalence of obesity were significantly higher when based on parent-reported versus measured values for children aged 6 to 8; the two collection methods yielded similar estimates of obesity for children aged 9 to 11. For children in both age groups, misclassification errors for BMI categories were substantial when based on parent-reported values. This weakened associations between obesity and health indicators such as aerobic fitness and systolic blood pressure. The variance explained by factors associated with the bias in parent-reported height and weight was small, particularly for height. The use of correction equations based on variables associated with the bias resulted in a very modest reduction in misclassification errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bias associated with parental reports of children's height and weight results in misclassification errors for obesity that affect relationships with other variables. Efforts to establish correction equations to adjust for this bias were unsuccessful. Direct measures are required to accurately calculate obesity estimates and their relationships with health indicators in children.
authors: Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6. margot.shields@statcan.gc.ca
authors: Margot
authors: M
authors: Shields
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Connor Gorber
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Janssen
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010290:Parents; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors