title: Antiandrogen monotherapy in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: final results from the bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer programme at a median follow-up of 9.7 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide 150 mg once-daily as immediate hormonal therapy in patients with prostate cancer or as adjuvant to radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 8113 patients with localized (T1-2, N0/Nx) or locally advanced (T3-4, any N; or any T, N+) prostate cancer (all M0) were enrolled in three complementary, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Patients were randomized to receive standard care plus either oral bicalutamide 150 mg once-daily or oral placebo. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Data were collated from individual trials and evaluated in a combined analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, at a median follow-up of 9.7 years, bicalutamide significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.79-0.91; P= 0.001). Compared with placebo there was no difference in OS (hazard ratio 1.01, P= 0.77). Patients who derived benefit from bicalutamide in terms of PFS were those with locally advanced disease, with OS significantly favouring bicalutamide in patients with locally advanced disease undergoing radiotherapy (P= 0.031). Patients with localized disease showed no clinically or statistically significant improvements in PFS; there was a survival trend in favour of placebo in patients with localized disease undergoing watchful waiting (P= 0.054). The overall tolerability of bicalutamide was consistent with previous analyses, with breast pain (73.7%) and gynaecomastia (68.8%) the most frequently reported adverse events in patients randomized to bicalutamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bicalutamide 150 mg, either as monotherapy or adjuvant to standard care, improved PFS in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, but not in patients with localized disease. A pre-planned subset analysis showed a benefit for OS in patients with locally advanced disease undergoing radiotherapy. Bicalutamide 150 mg might represent an alternative for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer considering androgen-deprivation therapy.
authors: Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. peter.iversen@rh.regionh.dk
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Iversen
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: McLeod
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: See
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Morris
authors: Jon
authors: J
authors: Armstrong
authors: Manfred P
authors: MP
authors: Wirth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000813:Anilides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C053541:bicalutamide