title: [Bone and calcium update; bone research update. Molecular mechanisms regulating chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy].
abstract: Chondrocyte differentiation process is composed of multiple steps. During the process, hypertrophy of chondrocyte is controlled by various factors including Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) . PTHrP signals regulate HDAC4-MEF2C axis in chondrocyte. Recently, several co-factors have been found to interact with Sox9. Function of chondrocyte-specific microRNA has been determined. Several types of Cre transgenic mice are available to express Cre at various steps during chondrocyte differentiation. Using these mice, gene functions at specific steps of chondrocyte differentiation are analyzed by generating conditional knockout mice and conditional transgenic mice. It may be possible in future to induce chondrocytes from skin fibroblasts of patients with genetic cartilage diseases by using iPS cell technology, and to analyze molecular mechanism that control differentiation of human chondrocytes.
authors: Dept. of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Tsumaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000235:genetics; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000502:physiology; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578040:MEF2C protein, human; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; C400300:HDAC4 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases