title: DSM-IV ADHD symptoms self-ratings by adolescents: test of invariance across gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measurement invariance deals with whether the expected scores on a measure are the same or different across different groups when the groups have the same level of the underlying latent trait scores. The study used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine measurement invariance across male and female adolescent self-ratings of the ADHD symptoms (recoded as binary scores).
  
  
  METHODS
  To accomplish this, 178 male and 185 female adolescents, between 12 and 17 years of age, completed an ADHD rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the measurement model, the results support the invariance for the configural model (same factor structure and the same items associated with the latent factors), metric invariance (same strength of the associations of items with the factors) for the factor loadings of 17 of the 18 symptoms, and all the error variances. For the construct model, there was invariance for the inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) latent factor variances, covariances, and mean scores. Thus, there was good support for gender equivalency for the ADHD symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings extend existing gender invariance data for the ADHD symptoms. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings as well as the revision implications for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-V) are discussed.
authors: University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia. Rapson.Gomez@utas.edu.au
authors: Rapson
authors: R
authors: Gomez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000523:psychology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors