title: Combination effects of nitrocompounds, pyromellitic diimide, and 2-bromoethanesulfonate on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation of a grain-rich feed.
abstract: An L(16) (4(5)) orthogonal experimental design was used to evaluate combination effects of nitroethane (0-15 mM), 2-nitroethanol (0-15 mM), 2-nitro-1-propanol (0-15 mM), pyromellitic diimide (0-0.07 mM), and 2-bromoethanesulfonate (0-0.05 mM) on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a grain-rich feed. In vitro dry matter disappearance was adversely affected by these inhibitors, while cumulative gas production was not affected. Volatile fatty acid production was increased by nitroethane and 2-bromoethanesulfonate in a dose-dependent manner and was decreased by 2-nitroethanol and pyromellitic diimide. All inhibitor treatments increased the molar acetate proportion, while decreasing proportions of propionate and butyrate; hydrogen recovery was decreased by 36.9-45.2%; and methane production was reduced by 95.2-99.2%. The methanogenesis inhibition ranked: nitroethane > 2-nitroethanol > 2-nitro-1-propanol > 2-bromoethanesulfonate > pyromellitic diimide; combined concentrations of 5, 5, 5, 0.02, and 0.03 mM, respectively, gave the optimal inhibiting efficiency. These results may provide a reference to develop effective mitigation of methane emission from ruminants.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Dan-Feng
authors: DF
authors: Zhang
authors: Hong-Jian
authors: HJ
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D005285:Fermentation; D005503:Food Additives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007096:Imidoesters / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012418:Ruminants / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097566:Cyclophanes
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005503:Food Additives; D007096:Imidoesters; D008697:Methane; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C018853:2-bromoethanesulfonic acid; C045143:pyromellitic diimide; D000097566:Cyclophanes