title: Basic language comprehension and production in >100,000 young children from sixteen developing nations.
abstract: Using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, language comprehension and production were compared in a sample of 101,250 children aged 2 ; 00 to 9 ; 11 and a focus subsample of 38,845 children aged 2 ; 00 to 4 ; 11 from sixteen under-researched developing nations. In the whole sample, comprehension slightly exceeded production; correlations between comprehension and production by country were positive and significant, but varied in size, and the average correlation was positive, significant, and small to medium. Mean comprehension and production varied with child age, reaching an asymptote at 5 ; 00, and correlations between comprehension and production by age were positive, significant, and similar at each age. In the focus subsample, comprehension exceeded production; correlations between comprehension and production by country were positive and significant, but varied in size, and the average correlation was positive, significant, and medium in size. Children in countries with lower standards of living were less likely to demonstrate basic language comprehension or production.
authors: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA. Marc_H_Bornstein@nih.gov
authors: Marc H
authors: MH
authors: Bornstein
authors: Charlene
authors: C
authors: Hendricks
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032882:Comprehension; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003625:Data Collection; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014705:Verbal Behavior