title: Assessment of 'cancer-prone personality' characteristics in healthy study subjects and in patients with breast disease and breast cancer using the commitment questionnaire: a prospective case-control study in Finland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The findings of a repressed expression of emotions in cancer patients contributed to the hypothesis developed by Lydia Temoshok of a type C personality ('cancer-prone'). To the Authors' knowledge, the associations between the 'cancer-prone personality' characteristics in commitment test and the risk of breast cancer (BC) have rarely been considered together in a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an extension of the Kuopio Breast Cancer Study, 115 women with breast symptoms were evaluated for commitment test before any diagnostic procedures were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical examination and biopsy showed BC in 34 patients, benign breast disease (BBD) in 53 patients and 28 individuals were shown to be healthy study subjects (HSS). The BC group reported significantly more commitment to own children (Function A) (mean Commitment score, 3.14) than the patients in the BBD group (mean Commitment score, 3.51) and in the HSS group (mean Commitment score, 3.77) (p=0.05). The women in the BC group also reported more commitment to own husband (Function B) (mean Commitment score, 3.30) than the patients in the BBD group (mean Commitment score, 3.83) and the patients in the HSS group (mean Commitment score, 3.76). The BC group reported significantly more commitment to own work and own body (Function D and G) (mean Commitment scores, 3.20 and 3.50) than the patients in the BBD group (mean Commitment scores, 3.75 and 3.71) or HSS group (mean Commitment scores, 3.46 and 3.50). The mean sum (mean, SD) of the scores were significantly lower in the BC group (31.1, 5.8) than in the BBD (35.2, 6.9) and HSS group (36.4, 5.6) (p=0.02), showing more commitment in the BC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, patients with BC tended to have an increased risk for bearing the 'high commitment' characteristic and this pattern could contribute to cancer risk through immune and hormonal pathways.
authors: Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. matti.eskelinen@kuh.fi
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Eskelinen
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Ollonen
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires