title: [Cardiovascular risk profile in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study of 879 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and estimate the associated risk factors for CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted in 879 SLE patients treated in our hospital between March, 2006 and March, 2011. The demographic data and the clinical data including SLE duration, therapeutic regimen, renal pathological data, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and associated biochemical parameters were analyzed. Cardiovascular ultrasound was used for detecting and analyzing the cardiovascular structural and functional abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five cases of CVD were found in the 879 SLE cases (9.7%). After age stratification, CVD was identified in 5.8%, 9.0%, 14.0% and 20.0% in SLE patients aged ≤19, 20-39, 40-59 and ≥60 years, respectively, showing a tendency to increase with age (P=0.002). The prevalence of CVD differed significantly between patients with and those without lupus nephritis (P=0.001). Among the 85 patients with CVD, 23.5% (20/85) had left ventricular hypertrophy, 49.5% (42/85) had congestive heart failure, 20.0% (17/85) had stroke, 3.5% (3/85) had angina pectoris, and 3.5% (3/85) had peripheral CVD. Compared to those without CVD, patients with CVD had a longer SLE duration (P=0.002), a longer time of steroids treatment (P=0.026), a higher blood pressure (P=0.0006), a lower eGFR (P=0.001), and a lower concentration of HDL (P=0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that SBP, eGFR, HDL, SLE duration, SLEDAI index, serum C3 and hs-CRP were the risk factors for CVD in SLE patients (P=0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLE is associated with a high risk of CVD which increases with age, and SLE patients with lupus nephritis have an even higher risk for CVD. SBP, eGFR, HDL, SLE duration, SLEDAI index, serum C3 and hs-CRP are the risk factors for CVD in SLE patients.
authors: Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China. hcs_gz@139.com
authors: Chao-sheng
authors: CS
authors: He
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Shi
authors: Zhi-ming
authors: ZM
authors: Ye
authors: Xin-ling
authors: XL
authors: Liang
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Shuang-xin
authors: SX
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult