title: Increased body mass index but not common vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, or cytokine polymorphisms confers predisposition to posttransplant diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major complication after solid organ transplantation. The use of corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, especially tacrolimus, are significant risk factors. However, it is not clear what genetic factors modify the risk. Evidence suggests vitamin D deficiency, perturbed glucose homeostasis, and increased inflammation all play roles in the development of diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether common vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytokine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) polymorphisms are correlated with the development of PTDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 kidney transplant recipients with PTDM and 72 patients without diabetes pretransplant or posttransplant at the time of follow-up. The genotypes for 5 polymorphisms, 1 each in VDR, PPARγ, INFγ, TGFβ1, and TNF, were determined using direct sequencing. Age, sex, number of acute rejection episodes, follow-up length, ethnicity, body mass index, and the frequency of alleles and genotypes for each polymorphism were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index was the only factor that was statistically different between the 2 groups (P  =  .001). The frequency of different alleles and genotypes for each of the 5 polymorphisms did not differ between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that increased body mass index is a significant risk factor for the development of PTDM. However, none of the genetic polymorphisms studied confer predisposition to PTDM with the current sample size.
authors: Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. pwang@tmhs.org
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Elissa
authors: E
authors: Hudspeth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D047495:PPAR gamma; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma