title: Skill-dependent proximal-to-distal sequence in team-handball throwing.
abstract: The importance of proximal-to-distal sequencing in human performance throwing has been reported previously. However, a comprehensive comparison of the proximal-to-distal sequence in team-handball throwing in athletes with different training experience and competition is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the ball velocity and proximal-to-distal sequence in the team-handball standing throw with run-up of players of different skill (less experienced, experienced, and elite). Twenty-four male team-handball players (n = 8 for each group) performed five standing throws with run-up with maximal ball velocity and accuracy. Kinematics and ball trajectories were recorded with a Vicon motion capture system and joint movements were calculated. A specific proximal-to-distal sequence, where elbow flexion occurred before shoulder internal rotation, was found in all three groups. These results are in line with previous studies in team-handball. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggest that in the team-handball standing throw with run-up, increased playing experience is associated with an increase in ball velocity as well as a delayed start to trunk flexion.
authors: Department of Sport Sciences and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Herbert.wagner@sbg.ac.at
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Wagner
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Pfusterschmied
authors: Serge P
authors: SP
authors: Von Duvillard
authors: Erich
authors: E
authors: Müller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult