title: Stable isotope evidence for late medieval (14th-15th C) origins of the eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) fishery.
abstract: Although recent historical ecology studies have extended quantitative knowledge of eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) exploitation back as far as the 16th century, the historical origin of the modern fishery remains obscure. Widespread archaeological evidence for cod consumption around the eastern Baltic littoral emerges around the 13th century, three centuries before systematic documentation, but it is not clear whether this represents (1) development of a substantial eastern Baltic cod fishery, or (2) large-scale importation of preserved cod from elsewhere. To distinguish between these hypotheses we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to determine likely catch regions of 74 cod vertebrae and cleithra from 19 Baltic archaeological sites dated from the 8th to the 16th centuries. δ(13)C and δ(15)N signatures for six possible catch regions were established using a larger sample of archaeological cod cranial bones (n = 249). The data strongly support the second hypothesis, revealing widespread importation of cod during the 13th to 14th centuries, most of it probably from Arctic Norway. By the 15th century, however, eastern Baltic cod dominate within our sample, indicating the development of a substantial late medieval fishery. Potential human impact on cod stocks in the eastern Baltic must thus be taken into account for at least the last 600 years.
authors: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. dco21@cam.sc.uk
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Orton
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Makowiecki
authors: Tessa
authors: T
authors: de Roo
authors: Cluny
authors: C
authors: Johnstone
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Harland
authors: Leif
authors: L
authors: Jonsson
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Heinrich
authors: Inge Bødker
authors: IB
authors: Enghoff
authors: Lembi
authors: L
authors: Lõugas
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Van Neer
authors: Anton
authors: A
authors: Ervynck
authors: Anne Karin
authors: AK
authors: Hufthammer
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Amundsen
authors: Andrew K G
authors: AK
authors: Jones
authors: Alison
authors: A
authors: Locker
authors: Sheila
authors: S
authors: Hamilton-Dyer
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Pope
authors: Brian R
authors: BR
authors: MacKenzie
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Richards
authors: Tamsin C
authors: TC
authors: O'Connell
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001106:Archaeology / Q000379:methods*; D001842:Bone and Bones; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005060:Europe; D005398:Fisheries / Q000266:history*; D048389:Gadus morhua; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049691:History, Medieval; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D009792:Oceans and Seas
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes