title: VAP-1/SSAO plasma activity and brain expression in human hemorrhagic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a cell surface and circulating enzyme that belongs to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) family, which oxidatively deaminates primary amines and is implicated in leukocyte extravasation. Our aim was to investigate the alteration of soluble VAP-1/SSAO activity in plasma samples after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its presence in human ICH brain tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  VAP-1/SSAO activity was determined in plasma of 66 ICH patients and 58 healthy controls. In addition, we assessed the expression of VAP-1/SSAO in postmortem brain tissue from hemorrhagic stroke patients by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significantly higher levels of plasma VAP-1/SSAO activity in patients with ICH compared to matched elderly controls (p = 0.001). Plasma VAP-1/SSAO activity <2.7 pmol/min·mg and baseline ICH volume <17 ml were independent predictors of neurological improvement after 48 h (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.14-41.67, p = 0.035, and OR 10.64, 95% CI 1.1-100, p = 0.041, respectively), after adjustment for baseline stroke severity. We also found that membrane-bound VAP-1/SSAO levels were lower in the perihematoma region than in the corresponding contralateral brain areas of patients deceased due to ICH (p = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that plasma VAP-1/SSAO activity is increased in ICH and predicts neurological outcome, suggesting a possible contribution of the soluble protein in secondary brain damage. Furthermore, anti-VAP-1/SSAO strategies might be a promising approach to prevent neurological worsening following ICH.
authors: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Mar
authors: M
authors: Hernandez-Guillamon
authors: Montse
authors: M
authors: Solé
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Delgado
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: García-Bonilla
authors: Dolors
authors: D
authors: Giralt
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Boada
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Penalba
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: García
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Flores
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Ribó
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Alvarez-Sabin
authors: Arantxa
authors: A
authors: Ortega-Aznar
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Unzeta
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Montaner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood*; D001344:Autopsy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D013030:Spain; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)