title: Pulmonary MDCT angiography: value of multiplanar reformatted images in detecting pulmonary embolism in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of multiplanar reformatted (MPR) MDCT images in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in children by faculty pediatric radiologists and radiology residents affects reader performance parameters and adds diagnostic value compared with the use of axial MDCT images alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted with the images of 60 children (28 boys, 32 girls; mean age, 14.7 ± 3.5 years; range, 3.2-18 years) who consecutively underwent pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) for clinically suspected PE. Two faculty pediatric radiologists and two radiology residents independently reviewed images from each study initially using only axial MDCT images and later using MPR MDCT images in any x-, y-, or z-axis. Diagnostic accuracy, confidence level (1-5 ordinal scale), and interpretation time for MPR MDCT images were compared with those for axial MDCT images by use of the McNemar test and paired Student t test. The kappa coefficient was calculated to assess interobserver agreement. Diagnostic accuracy was compared between faculty pediatric radiologists and radiology residents by logistic regression analysis, and confidence level, interpretation time, and added diagnostic value were evaluated by analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of 60 pulmonary CTA studies (15%) were found to show PE. Diagnostic accuracy in detection of PE ranged from 91.7% to 100% (mean, 96.7%) with no significant differences between axial and MPR MDCT images (McNemar test for matched binary pairs, p > 0.50 for each reviewer). Logistic regression showed no significant difference between faculty pediatric radiologists and radiology residents in diagnostic accuracy in detection of PE on axial MDCT images (p = 0.48) or MPR MDCT images (p = 0.24). Confidence level and interobserver agreement were significantly higher and average interpretation time was longer in the evaluation of PE with MPR MDCT images than with axial MDCT images for all reviewers (p < 0.001). Compared with faculty pediatric radiologists, radiology residents had significantly greater increases in confidence level, interobserver agreement, interpretation time, and added diagnostic value using MPR MDCT images than they did using axial MDCT images to diagnose PE (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of MPR MDCT images for pulmonary CTA in the diagnosis of PE in children significantly increases confidence, interobserver agreement, and interpretation time among faculty pediatric radiologists and radiology residents. Because use of MPR MDCT images results in significantly greater improvements in reading parameters for residents than for faculty members, the routine use of this technique by trainees should be encouraged.
authors: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA. Edward.Lee@childrens.harvard.edu
authors: Edward Y
authors: EY
authors: Lee
authors: Evan J
authors: EJ
authors: Zucker
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Tsai
authors: Donald A
authors: DA
authors: Tracy
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Cleveland
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Zurakowski
authors: Phillip M
authors: PM
authors: Boiselle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media