title: No benefit for consensus double reading at baseline screening for lung cancer with the use of semiautomated volumetry software.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the performance of consensus double reading compared with single reading at baseline screening of a lung cancer computed tomography (CT) screening trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the Dutch Minister of Health and ethical committees. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The benefit of consensus double reading was expressed by the percentage change in cancer detection rate, recall rate, number of additional nodules detected, and change in sensitivity and specificity in 7557 participants. The reference standard was a retrospective analysis of the serial CT scans performed in participants diagnosed with lung cancer during a 2-year period after baseline. Semiautomated volumetric software was used for nodule evaluation. McNemar tests were performed to test statistical significance. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four cases of lung cancer were qualified as detectable at baseline. Compared with single reading, consensus double reading did not increase the cancer detection rate (2.7%; 95% CI: -1.0%, 6.4%; P = .50) or change the recall rate (20.6% vs 20.8%, P = .28), but led to the detection of 19.0% (1635 of 8623; 95% CI: 18.0%, 19.9%, P < .01) more nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 95.9% (71 of 74), 80.2% (6001 of 7483), 4.6% (71 of 1553) and 99.9% (6001 of 6004) for single reading and 98.6% (73 of 74), 80.0% (1497 of 7483), 4.6% (73 of 1570), and 99.9% (5986 of 5987) for consensus double reading, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no statistically significant benefit for consensus double reading at baseline screening for lung cancer with the use of a nodule management strategy based solely on semiautomated volumetry.
authors: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Rob J
authors: RJ
authors: van Klaveren
authors: Geertruida H
authors: GH
authors: de Bock
authors: Yingru
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: René
authors: R
authors: Vernhout
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Leusveld
authors: Ernst
authors: E
authors: Scholten
authors: Johny
authors: J
authors: Verschakelen
authors: Willem
authors: W
authors: Mali
authors: Harry
authors: H
authors: de Koning
authors: Matthijs
authors: M
authors: Oudkerk
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*