title: Evaluation of overhead spray-applied sanitizers for the reduction of Salmonella on tomato surfaces.
abstract: Efficacy of sanitizers in an overhead spray and brush roller system was examined for reducing Salmonella on unwaxed, mature green tomatoes. Surface inoculated tomatoes were treated in the overhead spray system for 5, 15, 30, and 60 s. A sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) study tested NaOCl (25, 50, and 100 mg/L) against a water control. A sanitizer study examined NaOCl (100 mg/L), chlorine dioxide (ClO₂; 5 mg/L), peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 80 mg/L), and water. The overhead spray system was also compared to a scale-model flume. All NaOCl concentrations were significantly more effective at removing Salmonella than water and achieved at least a 3-log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction at different treatment times (P < 0.05). NaOCl (100 mg/L) achieved a 4 ± 1.8 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction at 15 s. In the sanitizer study, NaOCl, ClO₂, and PAA achieved at least a 3-log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction at 15 s and between 3.9 and 5.5 log₁₀ CFU/mL reductions at 30 to 60 s. NaOCl (100 mg/L) in the overhead spray system significantly reduced more Salmonella than in the flume at 15 to 60 s. NaOCl flume treatment only reached a 1.3 ± 1.1 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction at 15 s. Results of this study demonstrate the ability of sanitizers in the laboratory model overhead spray system to reduce Salmonella on tomato surfaces. An overhead spray system could be implemented instead of flumes to achieve higher pathogen reduction with less water and sanitizer use, thereby lowering packing costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a non-recirculating, overhead spray brush roller system could offer a cost effective and efficacious way of washing tomatoes. The use large communal dump tanks in tomato processing has been suspected as a source of contamination in the tomato processing process. If effective, the brush roller system could augment or possible replace currently used dump tanks.
authors: Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA.
authors: Alexandra S
authors: AS
authors: Chang
authors: Keith R
authors: KR
authors: Schneider
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017046:Cost Savings; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000191:economics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010087:Oxides / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D010463:Peracetic Acid