title: Hyperuricemia is independently associated with coronary heart disease and renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia (HUA) and the clinical backgrounds in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a cross-sectional study evaluating the association of HUA with the clinical characteristics in 1,213 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the incidence of diabetic macroangiopathies was investigated in a prospective observational study in 1,073 patients during a 3.5 year period. HUA was defined by serum uric acid levels >327 μmol/L or as patients using allopurinol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of HUA was significantly higher in the diabetic patients (32% in men and 15% in women) than in the normal controls (14% in men and 1% in women). In total, HUA was found in 299 (25%) of the patients during the cross-sectional study. Even after adjusting for sex, drinking status, treatment for diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hypertension, use of diuretics, hyperlipidemia, HbA1c and/or the eGFR, the HUA was independently associated with some diabetic complications. The eGFR was significantly reduced in HUA patients compared to those with normouricemia in the 12 months after observation was started. HUA was also an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease even after adjustment in the Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HUA is a associated with diabetic micro- and macroangiopathies. HUA is a predictor of coronary heart disease and renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the influence of HUA is considered to be limited.
authors: Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. ito@edogawa.or.jp
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Ito
authors: Mariko
authors: M
authors: Abe
authors: Mizuo
authors: M
authors: Mifune
authors: Koshiro
authors: K
authors: Oshikiri
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Antoku
authors: Yuichiro
authors: Y
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Michiko
authors: M
authors: Togane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors