title: Comparative genotoxicity of nitrosamine drinking water disinfection byproducts in Salmonella and mammalian cells.
abstract: Nitrosamine water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are an emerging class of non-halogenated, nitrogen-containing water contaminants. Five nitrosamine DBPs were analyzed for genotoxicity (N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA). Using Salmonella typhimurium strain YG7108 the descending rank order of mutagenicity was NDMA>NPIP>NMOR>NPYR; NDPhA was not mutagenic. We developed and calibrated an exogenous S9 mix that was highly effective in activating NDMA in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using the SCGE (Comet) assay. The descending rank order for genotoxicity was NDMA>NPIP>NMOR. NDPhA was genotoxic only at one concentration and NPYR was not genotoxic. The genotoxic potencies in S. typhimurium and CHO cells were highly correlated. Based on their comparative genotoxicity attention should be focused on the generation and occurrence of NDMA, NPIP and NMOR. Current drinking water disinfection processes may need to be modified such that the generation of nitrosamine DBPs is effectively limited in order to protect the environment and the public health.
authors: Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 364 NSRC, 1101 W. Peabody Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Elizabeth D
authors: ED
authors: Wagner
authors: Kang-Mei
authors: KM
authors: Hsu
authors: Angelica
authors: A
authors: Lagunas
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Mitch
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Plewa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D020552:Comet Assay; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004249:DNA Damage; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004203:Disinfection; D060766:Drinking Water; D009153:Mutagens; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D060766:Drinking Water; D009153:Mutagens; D009602:Nitrosamines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical