title: Bladder stone in a three-year-old Nigerian child with posterior urethral valve: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stone in the bladder is an uncommon presentation in the tropics, especially in children. Its rarity   makes the index of suspicion to be low. Patients presenting with it may be mistaken for urinary tract infection (UTI) because of the presence of frequency and dysuria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a rare cause of urinary bladder stone in a child in the tropics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient, a three-year-old boy, presented with recurrent episodes of dysuria and stragury for a duration of about one year. Work up included clinical evaluation and laboratory assessments, results of which informed surgical intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The child had been treated repeatedly for urinary tract infection. He was acutely ill with suprapubic tenderness dysuria and poor urinary stream. He was hypertensive. Micturating cystourethrography showed posterior urethral valves and a bladder stone. He had vesicolithotomy and valvotomy with improvement of his blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The coexistence of bladder stone with PUV coupled with delayed diagnosis may be a predisposing factor to hypertension in children. Conventional surgical treatment gives good results.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. ooadedoyin@yahoo.com
authors: O T
authors: OT
authors: Adedoyin
authors: O O
authors: OO
authors: Adesiyun
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Mark
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Anigilaje
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Adeniyi
authors: A Y
authors: AY
authors: Abdulkadir
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Popoola
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology