title: Intrauterine growth restriction: cytokine profiles of trophoblast antigen-stimulated maternal lymphocytes.
abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important perinatal syndrome that poses several serious short- and long-term effects. We studied cytokine production by maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by trophoblast antigens. 36 women with a diagnosis of IUGR and 22 healthy women with normal fetal growth were inducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with trophoblast antigens and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, IFNγ, and TNFα and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. IL-8 was produced at higher levels by blood cells of the IUGR group than normal pregnant women, while IL-13 was produced at lower levels. IL-8, IFNγ, and TNFα were higher in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in normal pregnancy. IL-12 levels were higher and IL-10 levels were lower in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in IUGR without placental insufficiency. We suggest that a stronger pro-inflammatory bias exists in IUGR as compared to normal pregnancy and in IUGR with placental insufficiency when compared to IUGR without placental insufficiency. Several ratios of proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines also support the existence of an inflammatory bias in IUGR.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Kuwait 13110, Kuwait. raj@hsc.edu.kw
authors: Raj
authors: R
authors: Raghupathy
authors: Majedah
authors: M
authors: Al-Azemi
authors: Fawaz
authors: F
authors: Azizieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010927:Placental Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines