title: Relationships between serum biomarker levels and clinical presentation of human osteosarcomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, serum biomarkers play an important role as sensitive tools for monitoring the cancer development and progression. Each biomarker represents a specific pathogenesis and has different predictive capability. In order to identify their characteristics in human osteosarcoma, multiple potential biomarkers were analyzed simultaneously with clinical presentations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 28 osteosarcoma patients and 30 healthy matched controls. Specific clinical presentations were recorded, including: tumor volume, estimated based on three-dimensional MRI volumetric measurement; metastasis status; and histological cell types. Serum biomarkers analyzed by ELISA-based assays were bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate WF6 (WF6). Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed by a photometric-based system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum BALP, LDH and WF6 levels of osteosarcoma patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, whereas HA and VEGF levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum BALP and LDH were positively correlated with tumor volume, (correlation coefficients 0.5 and 0.4, respectively). Serum BALP from metastasis and osteoblastic subtype group had a significantly higher level than that found in non-metastasis and non-osteoblastic subtypes group, respectively. Upon multivariate analysis, tumor volume was the only factor which correlated with BALP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the biomarkers analyzed in this study, serum BALP was the most reliable and sensitive for estimating tumor volume. A high level of serum WF6 reflects alteration of the extracellular matrix component of tumors. Both serum biomarkers can be expected to be further explored for use in specific clinical monitoring.
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
authors: Sakkadech
authors: S
authors: Limmahakhun
authors: Peraphan
authors: P
authors: Pothacharoen
authors: Nipon
authors: N
authors: Theera-Umpon
authors: Olarn
authors: O
authors: Arpornchayanon
authors: Taninnit
authors: T
authors: Leerapun
authors: Sirichai
authors: S
authors: Luevitoonvechkij
authors: Dumnoensun
authors: D
authors: Pruksakorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D047368:Tumor Burden; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase