title: Blood glucose testing and primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes-evaluation of the effect of evidence-based patient information: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of our newly developed online evidence-based patient information vs. standard patient information about sub-threshold elevated blood glucose levels and primary prevention of diabetes on informed patient decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  We invited visitors to the cooperating health insurance company, Techniker Krankenkasse, and the German Diabetes Center websites to take part in a web-based randomized controlled trial. The population after randomization comprised 1120 individuals aged between 40 and 70 years without known diabetes, of whom 558 individuals were randomly assigned to the intervention group receiving evidence-based patient information, and 562 individuals were randomly assigned to the control group receiving standard information from the Internet. The primary endpoint was acquired knowledge of elevated blood glucose level issues and the secondary outcomes were attitude to metabolic testing, intention to undergo metabolic testing, decisional conflict and satisfaction with the information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, knowledge of elevated glucose level issues and the intention to undergo metabolic testing were high in both groups. Participants who had received evidence-based patient information, however, had significantly higher knowledge scores. The secondary outcomes in the evidence-based patient information subgroup that completed the 2-week follow-up period yielded significantly lower intention to undergo metabolic testing, significantly more critical attitude towards metabolic testing and significantly higher decisional conflict than the control subgroup (n=466). Satisfaction with the information was not significantly different between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence-based patient information significantly increased knowledge about elevated glucose levels, but also increased decisional conflict and critical attitude to screening and treatment options. The intention to undergo metabolic screening decreased. Future studies are warranted to assess uptake of metabolic testing and satisfaction with this decision in a broader population of patients with unknown diabetes.
authors: Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. Jutta.Genz@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Genz
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Haastert
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Müller
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Verheyen
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Cole
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Rathmann
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Nowotny
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Roden
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Giani
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mielck
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ohmann
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Icks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003657:Decision Making; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose