title: A crossover comparison of urinary albumin excretion as a new surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease among 4 types of calcium channel blockers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At the intervention for cardiovascular disease (CVD), albuminuria is a new pivotal target. Calcium channel blocker (CCB) is one of the most expected agents. Currently CCBs have been classified by delivery system, half-life and channel types. We tested anti-albuminuric effect among 4 types of CCBs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 50 hypertensives (SBP/DBP 164.7±17.1/92.3±12.2mmHg, s-Cr 0.81±0.37mg/dl, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) 69.4 (33.5-142.6) mg/gCr). Four CCBs were administered in a crossover setting: nifedipine CR, a long biological half-life L type by controlled release; cilnidipine, an N/L type; efonidipine, a T/L type; and amlodipine, a long biological half-life L type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparable BP reductions were obtained. UAE at endpoints ware as follows (mg/gCr, *P<0.01): nifedipine CR 30.8 (17.3-81.1),* cilnidipine 33.9 (18.0-67.7),* efonidipine 51.0 (21.2-129.8), amlodipine 40.6 (18.7-94.7). By all agents, significant augmentations were observed in PRA, angiotensin I and angiotensin II (AngII). AngII at cilnidipine was significantly lower than that at amlodipine. PAC at cilnidipine and efonidipine was significantly lower than that at amlodipine. Nifedipine CR significantly reduced ANP concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is revealed that only nifedipine CR and cilnidipine could reduce albuminuria statistically. Thus, it is suggested that the 2 CCBs might be favorable for organ protection in hypertensives.
authors: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui University School of Medicine, Japan. konosita@u-fukui.ac.jp
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Konoshita
authors: Yasukazu
authors: Y
authors: Makino
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Kimura
authors: Miki
authors: M
authors: Fujii
authors: Norihiro
authors: N
authors: Morikawa
authors: Shigeyuki
authors: S
authors: Wakahara
authors: Kenichiro
authors: K
authors: Arakawa
authors: Isao
authors: I
authors: Inoki
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Nakamura
authors: Isamu
authors: I
authors: Miyamori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C065927:cilnidipine; D009543:Nifedipine