title: A prospective study on oral microbial flora and related variables in dentate dependent elderly residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral microorganisms and related variables were followed over a 1-year period in dentate dependent elderly.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  For nursing personnel, oral hygiene for the dependent elderly is demanding. It requires good knowledge of how to carry out preventive oral health measures and to judge when help is needed. Previous studies indicate low levels of knowledge, which might be reflected in the oral health of dentate residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one subjects participated at baseline and 14 one year later. Microbial samples were analysed using cultivation technique. The labial minor gland secretion rate was measured using the Periotron(®) method, and oral clinical data were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low labial mucosal flow rates were seen for 95% of the participants. At baseline, visibly thick plaque was seen in 48% and 1 year later in 57%. Both frequency and number of bacteria associated with caries and frequency of microorganisms associated with oral soft tissue infections were high. One year later, a decrease in bacteria associated with good oral health and a tendency to an increase in aciduric microorganisms were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor oral health, tending to further deteriorate over time, advocates regular professional supplementary support when elderly dentate dependent residents need assistance with their oral care.
authors: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Annica.Almstahl@odontologi.gu.se
authors: Annica
authors: A
authors: Almståhl
authors: Kawa L
authors: KL
authors: Kareem
authors: Anette
authors: A
authors: Carlén
authors: Inger
authors: I
authors: Wårdh
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Lingström
authors: Maude
authors: M
authors: Wikström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004358:Drug Therapy; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010512:Periodontal Index; D018720:Prevotella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013548:Sweden; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000145:classification