title: Case-control association study of GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4 polymorphisms in bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to investigate whether some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4 could be associated with bipolar disorder (BD) and they could predict clinical outcomes in in-patients with BD treated with mood stabilizers.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-two (132) patients with BD and 170 healthy controls were genotyped for 17 SNPs within GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4. Baseline and final clinical measures including Young Mania Rating Scale for patients with BD were recorded. Statistical significance was set at the 0.005 level in order to reduce the likelihood of false positive results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We failed to show an evidence for a possible association of GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4 with BD patients, in terms of influences on diagnosis and treatment outcomes, although this was the first study to explore the influence of such genes for bipolar disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that 17 SNPs within GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4 may not be associated with the development and treatment outcomes in BD. However, taking into account that the several limitations of our study including the moderately small sample size of our study, our findings should be considered with caution and further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
authors: Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Chiesa
authors: Concetta
authors: C
authors: Crisafulli
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Porcelli
authors: Beatrice
authors: B
authors: Balzarro
authors: Changsu
authors: C
authors: Han
authors: Ashwin A
authors: AA
authors: Patkar
authors: Soo-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Moon Ho
authors: MH
authors: Park
authors: Chi-Un
authors: CU
authors: Pae
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Serretti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C104724:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 4; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2