title: Local anesthesia: agents, techniques, and complications.
abstract: This article outlines the different classes of local anesthetics available for dental procedures. It also gives an overview of the mechanism of action and metabolism of each different class of local anesthetic. Furthermore, it discusses indications and contraindications of each local anesthetic and the proper dosage of each. The techniques for the administration of local anesthetics with the relevant anatomy are explained. An overview is given of the possible complications that can occur because of local anesthetic use and their possible treatment options.
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, 760 Broadway, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA. orrett.ogle@woodhullhc.nychhc.org
authors: Orrett E
authors: OE
authors: Ogle
authors: Ghazal
authors: G
authors: Mahjoubi
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification*; D000075202:Contraindications; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D008442:Maxillary Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D014313:Trismus / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local