title: Decreased spontaneous eye blink rates in chronic cannabis users: evidence for striatal cannabinoid-dopamine interactions.
abstract: Chronic cannabis use has been shown to block long-term depression of GABA-glutamate synapses in the striatum, which is likely to reduce the extent to which endogenous cannabinoids modulate GABA- and glutamate-related neuronal activity. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of this process on striatal dopamine levels by studying the spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR), a clinical marker of dopamine level in the striatum. 25 adult regular cannabis users and 25 non-user controls matched for age, gender, race, and IQ were compared. Results show a significant reduction in EBR in chronic users as compared to non-users, suggesting an indirect detrimental effect of chronic cannabis use on striatal dopaminergic functioning. Additionally, EBR correlated negatively with years of cannabis exposure, monthly peak cannabis consumption, and lifetime cannabis consumption, pointing to a relationship between the degree of impairment of striatal dopaminergic transmission and cannabis consumption history.
authors: Cognitive Psychology Unit and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.a.kowal@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
authors: Mikael A
authors: MA
authors: Kowal
authors: Lorenza S
authors: LS
authors: Colzato
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Hommel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001767:Blinking / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D004298:Dopamine