title: Cardiovascular pharmacogenetics.
abstract: Human genetic variation in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as more complex structural variations such as insertions, deletions and copy number variants, is partially responsible for the clinical variation seen in response to pharmacotherapeutic drugs. This affects the likelihood of experiencing adverse drug reactions and also of achieving therapeutic success. In this paper, we review key studies in cardiovascular pharmacogenetics that reveal genetic variations underlying the outcomes of drug treatment in cardiovascular disease. Examples of genetic associations with drug efficacy and toxicity are described, including the roles of genetic variability in pharmacokinetics (e.g. drug metabolizing enzymes) and pharmacodynamics (e.g. drug targets). These findings have functional implications that could lead to the development of genetic tests aimed at minimizing drug toxicity and optimizing drug efficacy in cardiovascular medicine.
authors: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Renier
authors: R
authors: Myburgh
authors: Warren E
authors: WE
authors: Hochfeld
authors: Tyren M
authors: TM
authors: Dodgen
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Ker
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Pepper
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents