title: Face ethnicity and measurement reliability affect face recognition performance in developmental prosopagnosia: evidence from the Cambridge Face Memory Test-Australian.
abstract: The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT, Duchaine & Nakayama, 2006) provides a validated format for testing novel face learning and has been a crucial instrument in the diagnosis of developmental prosopagnosia. Yet, some individuals who report everyday face recognition symptoms consistent with prosopagnosia, and are impaired on famous face tasks, perform normally on the CFMT. Possible reasons include measurement error, CFMT assessment of memory only at short delays, and a face set whose ethnicity is matched to only some Caucasian groups. We develop the "CFMT-Australian" (CFMT-Aus), which complements the CFMT-original by using ethnicity better matched to a different European subpopulation. Results confirm reliability (.88) and validity (convergent, divergent using cars, inversion effects). We show that face ethnicity within a race has subtle but clear effects on face processing even in normal participants (includes cross-over interaction for face ethnicity by perceiver country of origin in distinctiveness ratings). We show that CFMT-Aus clarifies diagnosis of prosopagnosia in 6 previously ambiguous cases. In 3 cases, this appears due to the better ethnic match to prosopagnosics. We also show that face memory at short (<3-min), 20-min, and 24-hr delays taps overlapping processes in normal participants. There is some suggestion that a form of prosopagnosia may exist that is long delay only and/or reflects failure to benefit from face repetition.
authors: Department of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. elinor.mckone@anu.edu.au
authors: Elinor
authors: E
authors: McKone
authors: Ashleigh
authors: A
authors: Hall
authors: Madeleine
authors: M
authors: Pidcock
authors: Romina
authors: R
authors: Palermo
authors: Ross B
authors: RB
authors: Wilkinson
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Rivolta
authors: Galit
authors: G
authors: Yovel
authors: Joshua M
authors: JM
authors: Davis
authors: Kirsty B
authors: KB
authors: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001336:Automobiles; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D020238:Prosopagnosia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012984:Software; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult