title: Effect of directional speech warnings on road hazard detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the last 2 decades, cognitive science and the transportation psychology field have dedicated a lot of effort to designing advanced driver support systems. Verbal warning systems are increasingly being implemented in modern automobiles in an effort to increase road safety.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study presented here investigated the impact of directional speech alert messages on the participants' speed to judge whether or not naturalistic road scenes depicted a situation of impending danger.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight volunteers performed a computer-based key-press reaction time task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that semantic content of verbal warning signals can be used for increasing driving safety and improving hazard detection. Furthermore, the classical result regarding signal accuracy is confirmed: directional informative speech messages lead to faster hazard detection compared to drivers who received a high rate of false alarms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Notwithstanding some study limitations (lack of driver experience and low ecological validity), this evidence could provide important information for the specification of future Human-Machine-interaction (HMI) design guidelines.
authors: Learning, Emotion, and Decision Group, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, Spain.
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Serrano
authors: Leandro L
authors: LL
authors: Di Stasi
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Megías
authors: Andrés
authors: A
authors: Catena
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D011482:Protective Devices; D011930:Reaction Time; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D013060:Speech; D055815:Young Adult