title: Rationale, objectives, and design of the EUTrigTreat clinical study: a prospective observational study for arrhythmia risk stratification and assessment of interrelationships among repolarization markers and genotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The EUTrigTreat clinical study has been designed as a prospective multicentre observational study and aims to (i) risk stratify patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for mortality and shock risk using multiple novel and established risk markers, (ii) explore a link between repolarization biomarkers and genetics of ion (Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+)) metabolism, (iii) compare the results of invasive and non-invasive electrophysiological (EP) testing, (iv) assess changes of non-invasive risk stratification tests over time, and (v) associate arrythmogenomic risk through 19 candidate genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with clinical ICD indication are eligible for the trial. Upon inclusion, patients will undergo non-invasive risk stratification, including beat-to-beat variability of repolarization (BVR), T-wave alternans, T-wave morphology variables, ambient arrhythmias from Holter, heart rate variability, and heart rate turbulence. Non-invasive or invasive programmed electrical stimulation will assess inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias, with the latter including recordings of monophasic action potentials and assessment of restitution properties. Established candidate genes are screened for variants. The primary endpoint is all-cause mortality, while one of the secondary endpoints is ICD shock risk. A mean follow-up of 3.3 years is anticipated. Non-invasive testing will be repeated annually during follow-up. It has been calculated that 700 patients are required to identify risk predictors of the primary endpoint, with a possible increase to 1000 patients based on interim risk analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EUTrigTreat clinical study aims to overcome current shortcomings in sudden cardiac death risk stratification and to answer several related research questions. The initial patient recruitment is expected to be completed in July 2012, and follow-up is expected to end in September 2014. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01209494.
authors: Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Seegers
authors: Marc A
authors: MA
authors: Vos
authors: Panagiota
authors: P
authors: Flevari
authors: Rik
authors: R
authors: Willems
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Sohns
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Vollmann
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Lüthje
authors: Dimitrios T
authors: DT
authors: Kremastinos
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Floré
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Meine
authors: Anton
authors: A
authors: Tuinenburg
authors: Rachel C
authors: RC
authors: Myles
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Simon
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Brockmöller
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Friede
authors: Gerd
authors: G
authors: Hasenfuß
authors: Stephan E
authors: SE
authors: Lehnart
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Zabel
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002423:Cause of Death; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012107:Research Design; D012306:Risk; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium