title: Cytokeratin profile in exfoliative cytology of smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 6, 16, 19 and pan-cytokeratin (PAN) in oral mucosa cells between smokers and nonsmokers to determine the proliferative activity and expression indicative of a potential for malignant transformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smears were obtained from the left lateral border of the tongue with a cytobrush from 25 smokers and 20 nonsmokers seen at the clinics of São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Conventional microscopy was used for qualitative analysis. Proportions were compared statistically by the z-test and Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of CK6 (p = 0.002), CK16 (p = 0.003), CK19 (p = 0.0001) and PAN (p = 0.008) was higher in oral mucosa smears from smokers compared to nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of CK6 and CK16 demonstrated increased epithelial proliferation in the oral mucosa of smokers, and expression of CK19 indicated alterations in epithelial maturation. The expression of PAN indicates the need for the investigation of other types of CK in further studies.
authors: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. celinafaig@yahoo.com.br
authors: Celina Faig
authors: CF
authors: Lima
authors: Sabrina Ferreira Pinotti
authors: SF
authors: Leite
authors: Yasmin Rodarte
authors: YR
authors: Carvalho
authors: Luiz Antonio Guimarães
authors: LA
authors: Cabral
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Balducci
authors: Janete Dias
authors: JD
authors: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053536:Keratin-16 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053553:Keratin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053536:Keratin-16; D053539:Keratin-19; D053553:Keratin-6