title: Longitudinal analysis of cardiovascular parameters after gastric bypass surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying the predictors of co-morbidity improvement after gastric bypass surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) might give insight into disease pathophysiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an observational study of 949 patients undergoing primary RYGB from 2005 to 2010. Multivariate mixed models were used to determine the predictors of change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipids, systemic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater weight loss, decreased severity of initial disease, and a greater initial body mass index predicted a significantly greater likelihood of improvement in nearly all measured parameters. Male gender predicted greater improvement in diastolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Younger patients had a greater improvement in blood pressure. Improvement in the lipid profile was independent of weight loss, and improved glycemic control was strongly dependent on weight loss. Of the 949 patients, 33% had diabetes before RYGB. A mean of 388 days after RYGB, 66% of these patients had an HbA1c of <6.5, with their mean HbA1c decreasing from 8.0 to 5.9. A greater decrease in HbA1c was also seen in patients who initially were only treated with oral hypoglycemic agents compared with those receiving insulin. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly from a mean of 108 to 87 mg/dL. High-density lipoprotein increased by a mean of 10 mg/dL in both men and women. Also, 15% of the patients had a triglyceride level of ≥ 200 mg/dL before RYGB and only 1.1% did so afterward. The mean C-reactive protein level decreased from 5.0 to 1.6 mg/dL. We measured a 20% reduction in patients with measured hypertension after RYGB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RYGB resulted in dramatic improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, with several significant predictors of outcome.
authors: Division of Bariatric Surgery, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania 19027, USA. dallalr@einstein.edu
authors: Ramsey M
authors: RM
authors: Dallal
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Hatalski
authors: Alfred
authors: A
authors: Trang
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Chernoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids