title: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with low bone mineral density in obese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children. Liver disease can be a cause of low bone mineral density. Whether or not NAFLD influences bone health is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate bone mineral density in obese children with and without NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight children with biopsy-proven NAFLD were matched for age, gender, race, ethnicity, height and weight to children without evidence of liver disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Bone mineral density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Age and gender-specific bone mineral density Z-scores were calculated and compared between children with and without NAFLD. After controlling for age, gender, race, ethnicity and total per cent body fat, the relationship between bone mineral density and the severity of histology was analysed in children with NAFLD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese children with NAFLD had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower bone mineral density Z-scores (-1.98) than obese children without NAFLD (0.48). Forty-five per cent of children with NAFLD had low-bone mineral density for age, compared to none of the children without NAFLD (P < 0.0001). Among those children with NAFLD, children with NASH had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower bone mineral density Z-score (-2.37) than children with NAFLD who did not have NASH (-1.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NAFLD was associated with poor bone health in obese children. More severe disease was associated with lower bone mineralisation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and consequences of poor bone mineralisation in children with NAFLD.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 92123, USA.
authors: P E
authors: PE
authors: Pardee
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Dunn
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Schwimmer
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic