title: Factors associated with anti-tuberculosis medication adverse effects: a case-control study in Lima, Peru.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term exposure to anti-tuberculosis medication increases risk of adverse drug reactions and toxicity. The objective of this investigation was to determine factors associated with anti-tuberculosis adverse drug reactions in Lima, Peru, with special emphasis on MDR-TB medication, HIV infection, diabetes, age and tobacco use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A case-control study was performed using information from Peruvian TB Programme. A case was defined as having reported an anti-TB adverse drug reaction during 2005-2010 with appropriate notification on clinical records. Controls were defined as not having reported a side effect, receiving anti-TB therapy during the same time that the case had appeared. Crude, and age- and sex-adjusted models were calculated using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A multivariable model was created to look for independent factors associated with side effect from anti-TB therapy. A total of 720 patients (144 cases and 576 controls) were analyzed. In our multivariable model, age, especially those over 40 years (OR = 3.93; 95%CI: 1.65-9.35), overweight/obesity (OR = 2.13; 95%CI: 1.17-3.89), anemia (OR = 2.10; IC95%: 1.13-3.92), MDR-TB medication (OR = 11.1; 95%CI: 6.29-19.6), and smoking (OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.03-3.87) were independently associated with adverse drug reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Old age, anemia, MDR-TB medication, overweight/obesity status, and smoking history are independent risk factors associated with anti-tuberculosis adverse drug reactions. Patients with these risk factors should be monitored during the anti-TB therapy. A comprehensive clinical history and additional medical exams, including hematocrit and HIV-ELISA, might be useful to identify these patients.
authors: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. kocfachung@gmail.com
authors: Kocfa
authors: K
authors: Chung-Delgado
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Revilla-Montag
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Guillen-Bravo
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Velez-Segovia
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Soria-Montoya
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Nuñez-Garbin
authors: Wilmer
authors: W
authors: Silva-Caso
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Bernabe-Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010568:Peru; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents