title: Characterization of pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses produced by lung re-expansion after one-lung ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses of rats undergoing 1-hour or 3-hour one-lung ventilation (OLV) with subsequent 1-hour lung re-expansion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, controlled animal experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Wistar rats were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to 1- or 3-hour OLV followed or not by 1-hour lung re-expansion. Control rats received no ventilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary protein extravasation, pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), counts of total and differential cells in BAL fluid, gasometric data, and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were all evaluated. Bronchial occlusion for 1 or 3 hours with no lung re-expansion did not significantly change the protein extravasation in the right and left lungs compared with the control group. However, rats submitted to 1- or 3-hour OLV followed by lung re-expansion exhibited pulmonary edema formation and neutrophil recruitment as well as a higher MPO activity in comparison with control rats. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in BAL fluid were observed. Increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum also were detected. Blood gas and MABP did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung re-expansion after bronchial occlusion evokes an acute lung inflammatory response, which has been shown to be more pronounced in long periods of bronchial occlusion in terms of cytokine inflammatory response. In addition, the magnitude of this inflammatory response also can be detected systemically.
authors: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. camilafl.fisio@gmail.com
authors: Camila Ferreira
authors: CF
authors: Leite
authors: Marina Ciarallo
authors: MC
authors: Calixto
authors: Ivan Felizardo Contrera
authors: IF
authors: Toro
authors: Edson
authors: E
authors: Antunes
authors: Ricardo Kalaf
authors: RK
authors: Mussi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011506:Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D010100:Oxygen