title: Imagery in the aftermath of viewing a traumatic film: using cognitive tasks to modulate the development of involuntary memory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Involuntary autobiographical memories that spring unbidden into conscious awareness form part of everyday experience. In psychopathology, involuntary memories can be associated with significant distress. However, the cognitive mechanisms associated with the development of involuntary memories require further investigation and understanding. Since involuntary autobiographical memories are image-based, we tested predictions that visuospatial (but not other) established cognitive tasks could disrupt their consolidation when completed post-encoding.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Experiment 1, participants watched a stressful film then immediately completed a visuospatial task (complex pattern tapping), a control-task (verbal task) or no-task. Involuntary memories of the film were recorded for 1-week. In Experiment 2, the cognitive tasks were administered 30-min post-film.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to both control and no-task conditions, completing a visuospatial task post-film reduced the frequency of later involuntary memories (Expts 1 and 2) but did not affect voluntary memory performance on a recognition task (Expt 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Voluntary memory was assessed using a verbal recognition task and a broader range of memory tasks could be used. The relative difficulty of the cognitive tasks used was not directly established.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An established visuospatial task after encoding of a stressful experience selectively interferes with sensory-perceptual information processing and may therefore prevent the development of involuntary autobiographical memories.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. Catherine.Deeprose@psych.ox.ac.uk
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Deeprose
authors: Shuqi
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Hannah
authors: H
authors: Dejong
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Dalgleish
authors: Emily A
authors: EA
authors: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013028:Space Perception; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D055815:Young Adult