title: Spectroscopic studies of protein folding: linear and nonlinear methods.
abstract: Although protein folding is a simple outcome of the underlying thermodynamics, arriving at a quantitative and predictive understanding of how proteins fold nevertheless poses huge challenges. Therefore, both advanced experimental and computational methods are continuously being developed and refined to probe and reveal the atomistic details of protein folding dynamics and mechanisms. Herein, we provide a concise review of recent developments in spectroscopic studies of protein folding, with a focus on new triggering and probing methods. In particular, we describe several laser-based techniques for triggering protein folding/unfolding on the picosecond and/or nanosecond timescales and various linear and nonlinear spectroscopic techniques for interrogating protein conformations, conformational transitions, and dynamics.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Arnaldo L
authors: AL
authors: Serrano
authors: Matthias M
authors: MM
authors: Waegele
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Gai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007834:Lasers; D016014:Linear Models; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D017510:Protein Folding; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D011506:Proteins; C009850:azobenzene