title: Over-expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in prostate cancer is associated with high risk of prostate-specific antigen relapse after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognostic efficiency of clinical grading and staging in patients with confined or moderately differentiated prostate cancer (PCa) has been markedly improved, which underscores the importance of new prognostic markers. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) has been demonstrated to be involved in cancerangiogenesis, metastasis and invasion. EMMPRIN expression was evaluated by measuring mRNA and protein levels in a large cohort of patients with PCa following prostatectomy and the findings were compared with clinico-pathological parameters, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse time.
  
  
  METHODS
  EMMPRIN mRNA levels in 20 pairs of normal and cancerous prostate tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression in paraffin-embedded specimens of prostates gathered from 300 patients with PCa was detected by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against EMMPRIN. The associations of EMMPRIN protein expression with the clinico-pathological parameters and PSA relapse-free time after radical prostatectomy were subsequently assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both EMMPRIN mRNA and protein levels were higher in PCa tissue, compared with adjacent normal tissue. In addition, the positive expression rates of EMMPRIN in PCa tissues were significantly associated with preoperative PSA levels (p=0.008), AJCC stage (p=0.006) and Gleason Score (p < 0.001), Risk classification (p < 0.001), lymph node status post-surgery (p < 0.001) and surgical margin status (p < 0.001) were also determined. Multivariate analysis, using the Cox proportional hazards model, revealed that positive EMMPRIN expression was an independent prognostic factor for an increased risk of PSA relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over-expression of EMMPRIN correlated with the aggressiveness of PCa, and the PSA relapse-free time, and may be a novel and useful biomarker for follow-up and treatment decisions for PCa.
authors: Department of Urology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Xue-Cheng
authors: XC
authors: Bi
authors: Jiu-Min
authors: JM
authors: Liu
authors: Xiang-Guang
authors: XG
authors: Zheng
authors: Zhi-Yong
authors: ZY
authors: Xian
authors: Zi-Wei
authors: ZW
authors: Feng
authors: Yao-Xiong
authors: YX
authors: Lou
authors: Wei-de
authors: WD
authors: Zhong
authors: Chin-Lee
authors: CL
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D051926:Basigin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051926:Basigin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen