title: Evolution of IncA/C blaCMY-₂-carrying plasmids by acquisition of the blaNDM-₁ carbapenemase gene.
abstract: The bla(NDM-1) gene has been reported to be often located on broad-host-range plasmids of the IncA/C type in clinical but also environmental bacteria recovered from the New Delhi, India, area. IncA/C-type plasmids are the main vehicles for the spread of the cephalosporinase gene bla(CMY-2), frequently identified in the United States, Canada, and Europe. In this study, we completed the sequence of IncA/C plasmid pNDM-KN carrying the bla(NDM-1) gene, recovered from a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Kenya. This sequence was compared with those of three IncA/C-type reference plasmids from Escherichia coli, Yersinia ruckeri, and Photobacterium damselae. Comparative analysis showed that the bla(NDM-1) gene was located on a widely diffused plasmid scaffold known to be responsible for the spread of bla(CMY-2)-like genes and consequently for resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Considering that IncA/C plasmids possess a broad host range, this scaffold might support a large-scale diffusion of the bla(NDM-1) gene among Gram-negative rods.
authors: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immuno-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Carattoli
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Villa
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Poirel
authors: Rémy A
authors: RA
authors: Bonnin
authors: Patrice
authors: P
authors: Nordmann
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C103022:beta-lactamase CMY-2; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C552864:beta-lactamase NDM-1