title: Electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations of isoniazide and its analogs with ds.DNA at physiological pH: evaluation of biological activities.
abstract: Interaction and binding of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and its two analogs; pyrazine carboxylic acid hydrazide (PCH) and 2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid hydrazide (2,4-DHBAH) with DNA has been investigated by UV-spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) at physiological conditions of pH and temperature. Experimental results from both techniques were in good agreement and indicated stronger binding and formation of hydrazides-DNA complexes via intercalation. Among three hydrazides, 2,4-DHBAH showed greater interaction toward DNA at stomach pH (4.7) as evident from its comparatively greater binding constant, {K(b); 2.02 × 10(4) M(-1) (UV), 3.13 × 10(4) M(-1) (CV)}. The greater binding site size (n = 3) for 2,4-DHBAH at stomach pH inferred 3:1 binding stoichiometry and possibility of electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding along with intercalative mode of interaction between 2,4-DHBAH and DNA. The free energies of hydrazides-DNA complexes indicated the spontaneity of their binding. 2,4-DHBAH has shown promising anti-bacterial activities while anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potentials were exhibited by all three hydrazides.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. nasimaa2006@yahoo.com
authors: Nasima
authors: N
authors: Arshad
authors: Uzma
authors: U
authors: Yunus
authors: Shumaila
authors: S
authors: Razzque
authors: Maliha
authors: M
authors: Khan
authors: Samreen
authors: S
authors: Saleem
authors: Bushra
authors: B
authors: Mirza
authors: Naghmana
authors: N
authors: Rashid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004563:Electrochemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000494:pharmacology; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006834:Hydrazines; D011719:Pyrazines; C552061:pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D004247:DNA; D007538:Isoniazid