title: A double blind, randomised placebo controlled trial of topical 2% viscous lidocaine in improving oral intake in children with painful infectious mouth conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Painful infectious mouth conditions are a common presentation to emergency departments. Although self limiting, painful ulcerative lesions and inflamed mucosa can decrease oral intake and can lead to dehydration. Oral analgesia is of limited efficacy and is often refused by the patient. Despite widespread use of oral 2% viscous lidocaine for many years, there is little evidence for its efficacy as an analgesic and in aiding oral intake in children with painful infectious mouth conditions. This study aims to establish the effectiveness of 2% viscous lidocaine in increasing oral intake in these children by comparing it with placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial of children between 6 months and 8 years of age with painful infectious mouth conditions defined as gingivostomatitis (herpetic or non herpetic), ulcerative pharyngitis, herpangina and hand foot and mouth disease as assessed by the treating clinician in association with a history of poor oral fluid intake. It will be conducted at a single tertiary paediatric emergency department in Melbourne Australia.20 patients have already been randomised to receive 2% lidocaine or placebo in a pilot study to determine the sample size in a preplanned adaptive design. A further 80 patients will be randomised to receive either 2% lidocaine or placebo. The placebo agent is identical to lidocaine in terms of appearance, flavour and smell. All clinical and research staff involved, patients and their parents will be blinded to treatment allocation.The primary endpoint is the amount of fluid ingested by each child, expressed in ml/kg, within 60 minutes from the time of administration of the study mixture. Secondary endpoints are the proportion of patients ingesting 5 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg at 30 and 60 minutes after drug administration and the incidence of adverse events. Longer term outcomes will include the proportion of patients requiring hospital admission and length of emergency department stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial will define the role of 2% lidocaine in the treatment of painful infectious mouth conditions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry--ACTRN12609000566235.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Services, University of Melbourne, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. sandy.hopper@rch.org.au
authors: Sandy M
authors: SM
authors: Hopper
authors: Franz E
authors: FE
authors: Babl
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: McCarthy
authors: Chasari
authors: C
authors: Tancharoen
authors: Katherine J
authors: KJ
authors: Lee
authors: Ed
authors: E
authors: Oakley
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine