title: MAGE A1-A6 RT-PCR and MAGE A3 and p16 methylation analysis in induced             sputum from patients with lung cancer and non-malignant lung diseases.
abstract: The melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) A1-A6 RT-PCR system was developed for the             detection of lung cancer cells in the sputum. However, we identified MAGE expression             in some patients with non-malignant lung diseases. To understand these patterns             of MAGE expression, we performed MAGE A3 methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and p16             MSP. We collected 24 biopsy specimens of lung cancer tissue and performed MAGE             A1-A6 RT-PCR, MAGE A3 MSP and p16 MSP. RNA and DNA were simultaneously extracted             from induced sputum specimens of 133 patients with lung diseases and 30 random             sputum specimens of healthy individuals and the 3 molecular analyses were performed.             The patients were diagnosed as 65 cases of lung cancer and 68 of benign lung diseases.             Positive rates of MAGE A1-A6 RT-PCR, MAGE A3 MSP and p16 MSP were as follows:             in lung cancer tissue, 87.5, 58.3 and 70.8%; in the sputum of lung cancer patients,             50.8, 46.2 and 63.1%; benign lung diseases, 10.3, 30.9 and 39.7%; and healthy             individuals, 3.3, 6.7 and 3.3%. Of the 40 MAGE-positive cases, 33 were diagnosed             with lung cancer and 7 as having benign lung diseases. From the 7 cases of MAGE-positive             benign lung diseases, 6 cases showed methylation abnormalities. The MAGE-positive             group revealed significantly higher rates of methylation abnormalities. Of the             40 MAGE-positive cases, 39 cases were found to be lung cancer or benign lung diseases             with abnormal methylation. Thus, MAGE expression in the sputum suggests the presence             of lung cancer cells or pre-cancerous cells.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyeong-Cheol
authors: KC
authors: Shin
authors: Kwan-Ho
authors: KH
authors: Lee
authors: Chae-Hun
authors: CH
authors: Lee
authors: Im-Hee
authors: IH
authors: Shin
authors: Hun-Suk
authors: HS
authors: Suh
authors: Chang-Ho
authors: CH
authors: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C072011:MAGEA1 protein, human; C072013:MAGEA3 protein, human; C095204:MAGEA4 protein, human; C095203:MAGEA6 protein, human; C420909:Mage-a2 antigen; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA