title: Mapping climate change vulnerabilities to infectious diseases in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence, outbreak frequency, and distribution of many infectious diseases are generally expected to change as a consequence of climate change, yet there is limited regional information available to guide decision making.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We surveyed government officials designated as Competent Bodies for Scientific Advice concerning infectious diseases to examine the degree to which they are concerned about potential effects of climate change on infectious diseases, as well as their perceptions of institutional capacities in their respective countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2007 and 2009/2010, national infectious disease experts from 30 European Economic Area countries were surveyed about recent and projected infectious disease patterns in relation to climate change in their countries and the national capacity to cope with them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large majority of respondents agreed that climate change would affect vector-borne (86% of country representatives), food-borne (70%), water-borne (68%), and rodent-borne (68%) diseases in their countries. In addition, most indicated that institutional improvements are needed for ongoing surveillance programs (83%), collaboration with the veterinary sector (69%), management of animal disease outbreaks (66%), national monitoring and control of climate-sensitive infectious diseases (64%), health services during an infectious disease outbreak (61%), and diagnostic support during an epidemic (54%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expert responses were generally consistent with the peer-reviewed literature regarding the relationship between climate change and vector- and water-borne diseases, but were less so for food-borne diseases. Shortcomings in institutional capacity to manage climate change vulnerability, identified in this assessment, should be addressed in impact, vulnerability, and adaptation assessments.
authors: Office of the Chief Scientist, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden. jan.semenza@ecdc.europa.eu
authors: Jan C
authors: JC
authors: Semenza
authors: Jonathan E
authors: JE
authors: Suk
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: Estevez
authors: Kristie L
authors: KL
authors: Ebi
authors: Elisabet
authors: E
authors: Lindgren
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D003625:Data Collection; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans