title: The use of weekly departmental review of all orthopaedic intra-operative radiographs in order to improve quality, due to standardized peer expectations and the "Hawthorne effect".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical governance highlights risk management, clinical effectiveness and use of evidence based practice as key elements in the provision of a quality service. A change in the method of quality control in our orthopaedic trauma unit allowed us the opportunity to study if the quality of operative outcomes had changed as a result. The Hawthorne effect refers to phenomenon whereby employees work quality improves by virtue of their awareness that their labour is being assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new outcome appraisal forum was introduced in our department in 2009. This forum involved a weekly whole department review of all the previous week's intraoperative radiographs. We used the tip apex distance (TAD) of the dynamic hip screw (DHS) procedures in hip fracture patients as a surrogate marker, of any objective change in the quality and consistency of intra-operative radiographs, in the year prior to and after the introduction of this review system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the mean TAD and the number of TAD measurements over 25 mm decreased significantly in the year after the new quality control mechanism was introduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We would recommend the use of a weekly quality control meeting scrutinizing every intraoperative radiograph as a simple, cost effective method of incorporating many aspects of clinical governance, as well as fostering a culture of quality.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork City, Ireland. muirkennedy@gmail.com
authors: Muiris T
authors: MT
authors: Kennedy
authors: Joshua C Y
authors: JC
authors: Ong
authors: Aniruddha
authors: A
authors: Mitra
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Harty
authors: Declan
authors: D
authors: Reidy
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Dolan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011786:Quality Control; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult