title: Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in elderly Chinese population in Shenyang of China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The paper aims to evaluate the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in elderly Chinese population in Shenyang, a northeast city of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for the prevalence of AMD. Ninety three AMD patients diagnosed by a complete ophthalmic examination were recruited as cases from the outpatient departments of two eye hospitals in Shenyang, while 108 normal subjects of similar age and sex were recruited as controls. A questionnaire was administered among both cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMD patients aged 60 years and older accounted for 75.3%. There were significantly higher educational levels, shorter smoking history, less sunlight exposure and cataract, and higher proportion of antioxidants intake in controls than in AMD patients. The frequency of intake of fruits, legumes, fish and shrimps was significantly higher in controls than in AMD patients. In a binary logistic regression analysis, smoking and cataract were the risk factors for AMD (OR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.27-8.69; OR: 4.47, 95% CI: 2.26-8.85 respectively). The high educational background was a protective factor for AMD (OR: 0.761, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low educational background, smoking and cataract are associated with a higher prevalence of AMD.
authors: School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China. lhjia@mail.cmu.edu.cn
authors: LiHong
authors: L
authors: Jia
authors: XueLi
authors: X
authors: Shen
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Fan
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: XingYue
authors: X
authors: Pan
authors: HongMei
authors: H
authors: Yanh
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants