title: Reduced muscle carnosine content in type 2, but not in type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: Carnosine is present in high concentrations in skeletal muscle where it contributes to acid buffering and functions also as a natural protector against oxidative and carbonyl stress. Animal studies have shown an anti-diabetic effect of carnosine supplementation. High carnosinase activity, the carnosine degrading enzyme in serum, is a risk factor for diabetic complications in humans. The aim of the present study was to compare the muscle carnosine concentration in diabetic subjects to the level in non-diabetics. Type 1 and 2 diabetic patients and matched healthy controls (total n=58) were included in the study. Muscle carnosine content was evaluated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (3 Tesla) in soleus and gastrocnemius. Significantly lower carnosine content (-45%) in gastrocnemius muscle, but not in soleus, was shown in type 2 diabetic patients compared with controls. No differences were observed in type 1 diabetic patients. Type II diabetic patients display a reduced muscular carnosine content. A reduction in muscle carnosine concentration may be partially associated with defective mechanisms against oxidative, glycative and carbonyl stress in muscle.
authors: Department of Biodynamic of Human Movement, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil. gualano@usp.br
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Gualano
authors: Inge
authors: I
authors: Everaert
authors: Sanne
authors: S
authors: Stegen
authors: Guilherme Giannini
authors: GG
authors: Artioli
authors: Youri
authors: Y
authors: Taes
authors: Hamilton
authors: H
authors: Roschel
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Achten
authors: Maria Concepción
authors: MC
authors: Otaduy
authors: Antonio Herbert Lancha
authors: AH
authors: Junior
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Harris
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Derave
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002336:Carnosine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002336:Carnosine; D005947:Glucose