title: Expression of programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) and miR-21 in urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the role of the programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) tumor suppressor gene in specimens of transitional cell carcinoma and of healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDCD4 immunohistochemical expression was investigated in 294 cases in histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma in different tumorous stages (28 controls, 122 non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, stages Tis-T1, 119 invasive transitional cell carcinoma stages T2-T4 and 25 metastases). MiR-21 expression, an important PDCD4 regulator, was assessed with real-time PCR analysis and showed inverse correlation to tissue PDCD4 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear and cytoplasmatic PDCD4 immunostaining decreased significantly with histopathological progression of the tumor (p<0001). Controls showed strong nuclear and cytoplasmatic immunohistochemical staining. MiR-21 up regulation in tissue corresponded to PDCD4 suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support a decisive role for PDCD4 down regulation in transitional cell carcinoma and confirm miR-21 as a negative regulator for PDCD4. Additionally, PDCD4 immunohistochemical staining turns out to be a possible diagnostic marker for transitional cell carcinoma.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. simplissimus@gmx.de
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Fischer
authors: Friederike
authors: F
authors: Göke
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Splittstösser
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Lankat-Buttgereit
authors: Stefan C
authors: SC
authors: Müller
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Ellinger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; C114487:PDCD4 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins