title: The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation.
abstract: The vast majority of proteins that a cell secretes or displays on its surface first enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they fold and assemble. Only properly assembled proteins advance from the ER to the cell surface. To ascertain fidelity in protein folding, cells regulate the protein-folding capacity in the ER according to need. The ER responds to the burden of unfolded proteins in its lumen (ER stress) by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Together, at least three mechanistically distinct branches of the UPR regulate the expression of numerous genes that maintain homeostasis in the ER or induce apoptosis if ER stress remains unmitigated. Recent advances shed light on mechanistic complexities and on the role of the UPR in numerous diseases.
authors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. peter@walterlab.ucsf.edu
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Walter
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Ron
mesh_terms: D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6 / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D060746:Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; D004722:Endoribonucleases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; C528229:ERN1 protein, human