title: Disturbance of B-vitamin status in people with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia--link to renal status, glycemic control and vascular inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is associated with mishandling of thiamine in the kidney and development of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study is to assess the disturbance of thiamine and other B-vitamin status of patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifteen patients with type 2 diabetes with and without microalbuminuria or albuminuria and 39 healthy people were recruited. After a 2-month washout period for B-vitamin supplementation, markers of vitamins B(1), B(6), B(9) and B(12), were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fractional excretion of thiamine (22.8 versus 33.5%; P<0.05) and urinary excretion of the vitamin B(6) degradation product 4-pyridoxic acid (0.081 versus 0.133 μmol/g creatinine, P<0.001) was increased in patients with type 2 diabetes with respect to healthy controls. There was also increased total plasma cobalamin (398 versus 547 pmol/l, P<0.001) and holotranscobalamin (74 versus 97 pmol/l, P<0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. In multiple regression analysis these were linked to HbA1c, duration of diabetes and systolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, folate and C-reactive protein, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was renal mishandling of thiamine, increased degradation of vitamin B(6) and cytosolic metabolic resistance to vitamin B(12) in patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia.
authors: Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
authors: Antonysunil
authors: A
authors: Adaikalakoteswari
authors: Naila
authors: N
authors: Rabbani
authors: Sarwono
authors: S
authors: Waspadji
authors: Askandar
authors: A
authors: Tjokroprawiro
authors: Sri H K S
authors: SH
authors: Kariadi
authors: John M F
authors: JM
authors: Adam
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Thornalley
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007249:Inflammation; D013831:Thiamine; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D013831:Thiamine