title: Ultrasonic cavitation induced water in vegetable oil emulsion droplets--a simple and easy technique to synthesize manganese zinc ferrite nanocrystals with improved magnetization.
abstract: In the present investigation, synthesis of manganese zinc ferrite (Mn(0.5)Zn(0.5)Fe(2)O(4)) nanoparticles with narrow size distribution have been prepared using ultrasound assisted emulsion (consisting of rapeseed oil as an oil phase and aqueous solution of Mn(2+), Zn(2+) and Fe(2+) acetates) and evaporation processes. The as-prepared ferrite was nanocrystalline. In order to remove the small amount of oil present on the surface of the ferrite, it was subjected to heat treatment at 300 °C for 3h. Both the as-prepared and heat treated ferrites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), TGA/DTA, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. As-prepared ferrite is of 20 nm, whereas the heat treated ferrite shows the size of 33 nm. In addition, magnetic properties of the as-prepared as well as the heat treated ferrites have also been carried out and the results of which show that the spontaneous magnetization (σ(s)) of the heat treated sample (24.1 emu/g) is significantly higher than that of the as-synthesized sample (1.81 emu/g). The key features of this method are avoiding (a) the cumbersome conditions that exist in the conventional methods; (b) usage of necessary additive components (stabilizers or surfactants, precipitants) and (c) calcination requirements. In addition, rapeseed oil as an oil phase has been used for the first time, replacing the toxic and troublesome organic nonpolar solvents. As a whole, this simple straightforward sonochemical approach results in more phase pure system with improved magnetization.
authors: Ultrasonic Processing Group, Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan. Sivakumar.Manickam@nottingham.edu.my
authors: Manickam
authors: M
authors: Sivakumar
authors: Atsuya
authors: A
authors: Towata
authors: Kyuichi
authors: K
authors: Yasui
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Tuziuti
authors: Teruyuki
authors: T
authors: Kozuka
authors: Yasuo
authors: Y
authors: Iida
authors: Michail M
authors: MM
authors: Maiorov
authors: Elmars
authors: E
authors: Blums
authors: Dipten
authors: D
authors: Bhattacharya
authors: Neelagesi
authors: N
authors: Sivakumar
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ashok
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D008280:Magnetics; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010938:Plant Oils; C551151:manganese ferrite; D014867:Water; D015032:Zinc