title: Radiation measurements in the Chiba Metropolitan Area and radiological aspects of fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plants accident.
abstract: Large amounts of radioactive substances were released into the environment from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plants in eastern Japan as a consequence of the great earthquake (M 9.0) and tsunami of 11 March 2011. Radioactive substances discharged into the atmosphere first reached the Chiba Metropolitan Area on 15 March. We collected daily samples of air, fallout deposition, and tap water starting directly after the incident and measured their radioactivity. During the first two months maximum daily concentrations of airborne radionuclides observed at the Japan Chemical Analysis Center in the Chiba Metropolitan Area were as follows: 4.7 × 10(1) Bq m(-3) of (131)I, 7.5 Bq m(-3) of (137)Cs, and 6.1 Bq m(-3) of (134)Cs. The ratio of gaseous iodine to total iodine ranged from 5.2 × 10(-1) to 7.1 × 10(-1). Observed deposition rate maxima were as follows: 1.7 × 10(4) Bq m(-2) d(-1) of (131)I, 2.9 × 10(3) Bq m(-2) d(-1) of (137)Cs, and 2.9 × 10(3) Bq m(-2) d(-1) of (134)Cs. The deposition velocities (ratio of deposition rate to concentration) of cesium radionuclides and (131)I were detectably different. Radioactivity in tap water caused by the accident was detected several days after detection of radioactivity in fallout in the area. Radiation doses were estimated from external radiation and internal radiation by inhalation and ingestion of tap water for people living outdoor in the Chiba Metropolitan Area following the Fukushima accident.
authors: Japan Chemical Analysis Center, 295-3 Sanno-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-0002, Japan. h-amano@jcac.or.jp
authors: Hikaru
authors: H
authors: Amano
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Akiyama
authors: Bi
authors: B
authors: Chunlei
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Kawamura
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Kishimoto
authors: Tomotaka
authors: T
authors: Kuroda
authors: Takahiko
authors: T
authors: Muroi
authors: Tomoaki
authors: T
authors: Odaira
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Ohta
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Takeda
authors: Yushu
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Morimoto
mesh_terms: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D004190:Disasters; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis; D055866:Earthquakes; D005843:Geography; D049674:History, 21st Century; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis*; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma; D013997:Time Factors; D057192:Tsunamis; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D060766:Drinking Water; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive