title: The triad of erectile dysfunction, testosterone deficiency syndrome and metabolic syndrome: findings from a multi-ethnic Asian men study (The Subang Men's Health Study).
abstract: The etiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) is multi-factorial. This paper examines the association between ED, testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Malaysian men in an urban setting. One thousand and forty-six men aged ≥ 40 years from Subang Jaya, Malaysia were randomly selected from an electoral-roll list. The men completed questionnaires that included: socio-demographic data, self-reported medical problems and the International Index of erectile function (IIEF-5). Physical examination and the following biochemical tests were performed: lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and total testosterone. The response rate was 62.8% and the mean age of men was 55.8 ± 8.4 (41-93) years. Ethnic distribution was Chinese, 48.9%; Malay, 34.5%; Indian, 14.8%. The prevalence of moderate-severe ED was 20.0%, while 16.1% of men had TDS (< 10.4 nmol/L) and 31.3% of men had MS. Indian and Malay men were significantly more likely to have ED (p  = 0.001), TDS (p  < 0.001) and MS (p < 0.001) than the Chinese. Multivariate regression analysis showed that elevated blood pressure, elevated FBG, low high-density lipoprotein and heart disease were predictors of ED while all MS components were independently associated with TDS. Malay and Indian men have a higher disease burden compared to Chinese men and were more likely to suffer with ED, TDS and MS. MS components were closely related to TDS and ED.
authors: Department of Surgery, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK. tanweishen@hotmail.com
authors: Wei Shen
authors: WS
authors: Tan
authors: Chirk Jenn
authors: CJ
authors: Ng
authors: Ee-Ming
authors: EM
authors: Khoo
authors: Wah-Yun
authors: WY
authors: Low
authors: Hui Meng
authors: HM
authors: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D013739:Testosterone