title: Anatomy and pathology of the cranial emissary veins:  a review with surgical implications.
abstract: Emissary veins connect the extracranial venous system with the intracranial venous sinuses. These include, but are not limited to, the posterior condyloid, mastoid, occipital, and parietal emissary veins. A review of the literature for the anatomy, embryology, pathology, and surgery of the intracranial emissary veins was performed. Detailed descriptions of these venous structures are lacking in the literature, and, to the authors', knowledge, this is the first detailed review to discuss the anatomy, pathology, anomalies, and clinical effects of the cranial emissary veins. Our hope is that such data will be useful to the neurosurgeon during surgery in the vicinity of the emissary veins.
authors: Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors: Martin M
authors: MM
authors: Mortazavi
authors: R Shane
authors: RS
authors: Tubbs
authors: Sheryl
authors: S
authors: Riech
authors: Ketan
authors: K
authors: Verma
authors: Mohammadali M
authors: MM
authors: Shoja
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Zurada
authors: Brion
authors: B
authors: Benninger
authors: Marios
authors: M
authors: Loukas
authors: Aaron A
authors: AA
authors: Cohen Gadol
mesh_terms: D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008959:Models, Neurological; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*