title: Vitamin D status and associations in newborn formula-fed infants during initial hospitalization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that adequate vitamin D status in infancy plays a role in improving bone health and preventing disease, including type 1 diabetes, infections, and asthma. The objective of this study was to provide newborn hospitalized infants with American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations of 400 IU/day vitamin D-3 and measure the effect on serum 25(OH)D levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  This trial was conducted August 2009 to June 2010. Infants were randomized to a control were measured from cord blood, every 7 days, and at discharge. Intact parathyroid hormone was measured at discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two infants <32 weeks gestational age who received formula feedings during their neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient characteristics for each treatment group were summarized using descriptive statistics. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables, and categorical variables were compared using the χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to look at associations between continuous variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cord blood level for all participants was 17.6±7.0 ng/mL. White infants had significantly higher 25(OH)D levels than non-white infants (P=0.0003). The mean 25(OH)D level at discharge of the supplemented group was 23.1±7.0 ng/mL (57.66±17.47 nmol/L), the mean 25(OH)D level of the unsupplemented group was 17.8±4.7 ng/mL (44.43±11.3 nmol/L), (P=0.007). Serum 25(OH)D showed a positive correlation with serum calcium in the first week of life (r=0.44, P=0.003) and negative correlation with parathyroid hormone levels at discharge (r=-0.35, P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In newborn hospitalized infants, vitamin D-3 supplementation of 400 IU/day increased mean 25(OH)D levels from 17 ng/mL at birth to 23.1 ng/mL at discharge. Lower 25(OH)D levels were correlated with hypocalcemia during the first week of life, and elevated parathyroid hormone levels at discharge.
authors: School of Allied Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4045, USA. ckhanson@unmc.edu
authors: Corrine
authors: C
authors: Hanson
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Armas
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Lyden
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Anderson-Berry
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002112:Calcifediol; D002118:Calcium