title: TGF-β1 regulates differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a small population of stromal cells present in most adult connective tissues, such as bone marrow, fat tissue, and umbilical cord blood. MSCs are maintained in a relative state of quiescence in vivo but, in response to a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli, are capable of proliferating then differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, or other mesoderm-type lineages like smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and cardiomyocytes. Multiple signaling networks orchestrate MSCs differentiating into functional mesenchymal lineages. Among these, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has emerged as a key player. Hence, we summarize the effects of TGF-β1 on differentiation of MSCs toward different lineages. TGF-β1 can induce either chondrogenic or SMC differentiation of MSCs in vitro. However, it requires cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, similar to development of these tissues in vivo. The effect of TGF-β1-regulated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro depends on the specific culture conditions involved. TGF-β1 inhibits adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in monolayer culture. Using this information, we may optimize the culture conditions to differentiate MSCs into desired lineages.
authors: Escape Therapeutics, Inc., San Jose, California, USA.
authors: Longmei
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Basil M
authors: BM
authors: Hantash
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1