title: Stage-specific changes in the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in the biological fluid and organ of mouse fetuses.
abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that has neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. However, its function in the mid- to late-gestational fetus remains unclear. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze GM-CSF levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and amniotic fluid of mouse fetuses. We also examined GM-CSF and receptor α (GM-CSFRα) levels in the fetal brain, liver, and placenta. GM-CSF peaked between embryonic day (E) 14 and E15 in the CSF. GM-CSF level was higher in the fetal serum than in the dam serum on E13 and decreased thereafter. GM-CSF and GM-CSFRα levels peaked between E13 and E15 in the brain. These results suggest that GM-CSF plays stage- and organ-specific roles in fetal development.
authors: Department of Developmental Biology, Shimane University, Izumo Department of Anatomy I, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan. mappi@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Toshihisa
authors: T
authors: Hatta
authors: Atsuki
authors: A
authors: Ono
authors: Ryuju
authors: R
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Otani
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor