title: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma--a clinico-pathological study in a regional cancer centre of northeastern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinico-pathological pattern of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with dietary, smoking and tobacco consumption habits in the Northeastern region of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study on 200 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were registered in Regional Cancer Centre, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur from July 2004 to July 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 139 males and 61 females (ratio 2.2:1). with a mean age of 49.7±15.9 years. The commonest presenting symptoms were neck swelling (78.0%) followed by nasal obstruction (35.5%) and epistaxis (27.5%). Histopathologically, undifferentiated carcinoma type (Type III, WHO) was the commonest (75.0%) followed by differentiated non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (15.0%) and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (10.0%). 25% of total patients had cranial nerve(CN) involvement, the commonly involved CN being V (28.8%) followed by VI 26.9%) and X (25.0%). Of the total 200 patients, 88.0% had history of regular intake of smoked meat, 62.0% admitted regular intake of poorly preserved fermented foods, only 19.0% consumed fresh fruits (at least 4 times a month). Majority of patients (47.0%) chewed tobacco in different forms and (51.0%) smoked at least for 15 years. 186 patients (93.0%) lived in poorly ventilated houses with history of exposure to household smoke from burning firewood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High incidence of NPC in Northeastern India is highlighted in this study. Early detection and early treatment to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with NPC in addition to imparting awareness on how to prevent the disease to general population is needed in this region.
authors: Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Lamphel, Imphal, Manipur, India.
authors: T Dhaneshor
authors: TD
authors: Sharma
authors: Th Tomcha
authors: TT
authors: Singh
authors: Rajesh Singh
authors: RS
authors: Laishram
authors: L Durlav Chandra
authors: LD
authors: Sharma
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Sunita
authors: L Tiameren
authors: LT
authors: Imchen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D015996:Survival Rate; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder