title: Activity of tigecycline and comparators against skin and skin structure pathogens: global results of the Tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial, 2004-2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This analysis from the global Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) reports on 24 784 isolates collected from integumentary culture sources between 2004 and 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and susceptibility were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (US Food and Drug Administration breakpoints applied against tigecycline).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to tigecycline, linezolid, and vancomycin. MIC(90)s for tigecycline against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium ranged between 0.12 mg/l and 0.25mg/l. Resistance to the carbapenems and tigecycline was low among the Enterobacteriaceae, with resistance at ≤ 2.0% between 2004 and 2009 for tigecycline against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, and Serratia marcescens, for imipenem against E. coli and Enterobacter spp, and for meropenem against E. coli, Enterobacter spp, and S. marcescens. Against the Acinetobacter baumannii collected in 2009, resistance to amikacin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam was >30%; between 2004 and 2009 resistance to minocycline varied between 1.4% and 4.8%, and tigecycline MIC(90)s were ≤ 2mg/l. Against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected, MIC(90)s were greater than the susceptibility breakpoint for cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, levofloxacin, and meropenem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The problem of antimicrobial resistance is demonstrated by the data presented. T.E.S.T. continues to provide valuable information on antimicrobial resistance globally.
authors: Clin-Micro Immunology Center, 100 Abington Executive Park, Suite C, Clarks Summit, PA 18411, USA. hnamdari@clinmicro.com
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Namdari
authors: Thean Yen
authors: TY
authors: Tan
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Dowzicky
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D000069349:Linezolid; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000078304:Tigecycline; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D015780:Carbapenems; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D000078304:Tigecycline; D008911:Minocycline; D000069349:Linezolid