title: The human calvaria: a review of embryology, anatomy, pathology, and molecular development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human skull is a complex structure that deserves continued study. Few studies have directed their attention to the development, pathology, and molecular formation of the human calvaria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the medical literature using standard search engines was performed to locate studies regarding the human calvaria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The formation of the human calvaria is a complex interaction between bony and meningeal elements. Derailment of these interactions may result in deformation of this part of the skull.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the anatomy, formation, and pathology of the human calvaria will be of use to the clinician that treats skull diseases. With an increased understanding of genetic and molecular biology, treatment paradigms for calvarial issues may change.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Ambulatory Care Center, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. shane.tubbs@chsys.org
authors: R Shane
authors: RS
authors: Tubbs
authors: Anand N
authors: AN
authors: Bosmia
authors: Aaron A
authors: AA
authors: Cohen-Gadol
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*