title: Contribution of the crystalline lens gradient refractive index to the accommodation amplitude in non-human primates: in vitro studies.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the gradient refractive index to the change in lens power in hamadryas baboon and cynomolgus monkey lenses during simulated accommodation in a lens stretcher. Thirty-six monkey lenses (1.4-14.1 years) and twenty-five baboon lenses (1.8-28.0 years) were stretched in discrete steps. At each stretching step, the lens back vertex power was measured and the lens cross-section was imaged with optical coherence tomography. The radii of curvature for the lens anterior and posterior surfaces were calculated for each step. The power of each lens surface was determined using refractive indices of 1.365 for the outer cortex and 1.336 for the aqueous. The gradient contribution was calculated by subtracting the power of the surfaces from the measured lens power. In all lenses, the contribution of the surfaces and gradient increased linearly with the amplitude of accommodation. The gradient contributes on average 65 ± 3% for monkeys and 66 ± 3% for baboons to the total power change during accommodation. When expressed in percent of the total power change, the relative contribution of the gradient remains constant with accommodation and age in both species. These findings are consistent with Gullstrand's intracapsular theory of accommodation.
authors: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL,  USA.
authors: Bianca M
authors: BM
authors: Maceo
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Manns
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Borja
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: Nankivil
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Uhlhorn
authors: Esdras
authors: E
authors: Arrieta
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Ho
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Augusteyn
authors: Jean-Marie
authors: JM
authors: Parel
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D048529:Papio hamadryas; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence