title: Type 1 diabetes and measles, mumps and rubella childhood infections within the Italian Insulin-dependent Diabetes Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies confirmed the growing rate of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood coinciding with increasing diagnosis of viral infections. A study investigating the incidence of Type 1 diabetes during 1996-1997 showed a higher notification of viral infections in the Pavia District. The aim was to confirm these results.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated the relationship between new cases of Type 1 diabetes and those of measles, mumps and rubella in 1996-2001, analysing data of newly-diagnosed Type 1 diabetes children, aged 0-14 years and enrolled into the RIDI (Italian Insulin-dependent Diabetes Registry) during the same years. Measles, rubella and mumps rates were calculated using as denominator the estimated 'population at risk', represented by the number of 0- to 14 year-old subjects who did not undergo the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccination. In order to investigate the association between Type 1 diabetes incidence and measles, rubella and mumps respectively, Spearman's rank correlation was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of the whole Registries data did not at first show any statistical significance between age-standardized Type 1 diabetes incidence density and estimated rates of measles, mumps and rubella notifications. Excluding data from Sardinia Registry, a significant association was observed between Type 1 diabetes incidence and mumps (P = 0.034) and rubella (P = 0.014), respectively, while there was no statistical significance between the incidence of measles cases and diabetes rates (P = 0.269).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our findings, mumps and rubella viral infections are associated with the onset of Type 1 diabetes. The statistical significance observed after exclusion of the Sardinian data suggests that other environmental factors may operate over populations with different genetic susceptibility.
authors: Department of Public Health and Neurosciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Ramondetti
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sacco
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Comelli
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bruno
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Falorni
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Iannilli
authors: G
authors: G
authors: d'Annunzio
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Iafusco
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Songini
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Toni
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Cherubini
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Carle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D009107:Mumps / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012042:Registries; D012409:Rubella / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine