title: Vitamin C intake from diary recordings and risk of breast cancer in the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin C intake has been inversely associated with breast cancer risk in case-control studies, but not in meta-analyses of cohort studies using Food Frequency Questionnaires, which can over-report fruit and vegetable intake, the main source of vitamin C. This is the first study to investigate associations between vitamin C intake and breast cancer risk using food diaries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimated dietary vitamin C intake was derived from 4-7 day food diaries pooled from five prospective studies in the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium. This nested case-control study of 707 incident breast cancer cases and 2144 matched controls examined breast cancer risk in relation to dietary vitamin C intake using conditional logistic regression adjusting for relevant covariates. Additionally, total vitamin C intake from supplements and diet was analysed in three cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No evidence of associations was observed between breast cancer risk and vitamin C intake analysed for dietary vitamin C intake (odds ratios (OR)=0.98 per 60 mg/day, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-1.09, P (trend)=0.7), dietary vitamin C density (OR=0.97 per 60 mg/day, 95% CI: 0.87-1.07, P (trend)=0.5 ) or total vitamin C intake (OR=1.01 per 60 mg/day, 95% CI: 0.99-1.03, P (trend)=0.3). Additionally, there was no significant association for post-menopausal women (OR=1.02 per 60 mg/day, 95% CI: 0.99-1.05, P (trend)=0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pooled analysis of individual UK women found no evidence of significant associations between breast cancer incidence and dietary or total vitamin C intake derived uniquely from detailed diary recordings.
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. J.Hutchinson08@leeds.ac.uk
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hutchinson
authors: M A H
authors: MA
authors: Lentjes
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Greenwood
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Burley
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Cade
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Cleghorn
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Threapleton
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Key
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Cairns
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Keogh
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Dahm
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Brunner
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Shipley
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Kuh
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mishra
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Stephen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bhaniani
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Borgulya
authors: K T
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid