title: Markers of inflammation in prevalent and incident Parkinson's disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies demonstrate existence of inflammation in prevalent Parkinson's disease (PD). We assessed associations of baseline levels of inflammatory markers with prevalent PD at baseline (1989) and incident PD identified over 13 years of follow-up of the Cardiovascular Health Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples at baseline were measured for fibrinogen, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, albumin, and white blood cells. The analysis included 60 prevalent and 154 incident PD cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of prevalent PD was significantly higher per doubling of IL-6 among women (odds ratio [OR]=1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 2.4) and WBC among men (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9) in multivariate models. Risk of incident PD was not associated with higher levels of any biomarker after adjusting for age, smoking, African American race, and history of diabetes. Inverse associations with incident PD were observed per doubling of C-reactive protein (OR=0.9; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.0) and of fibrinogen among women (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although inflammation exists in PD, it may not represent an etiologic factor. Our findings suggest the need for larger studies that measure inflammatory markers before PD onset.
authors: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359775, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98125, USA. thanhton@uw.edu
authors: Thanh G N
authors: TG
authors: Ton
authors: Samay
authors: S
authors: Jain
authors: Mary L
authors: ML
authors: Biggs
authors: Evan L
authors: EL
authors: Thacker
authors: Elsa S
authors: ES
authors: Strotmeyer
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Boudreau
authors: Anne B
authors: AB
authors: Newman
authors: W T
authors: WT
authors: Longstreth
authors: Harvey
authors: H
authors: Checkoway
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein