title: Neurohumoral stimulation.
abstract: The temporal relationship between the development of heart failure and activation of the neurohumoral systems involved in chronic heart failure (CHF) has not been precisely defined. When a compensatory mechanism switches to a deleterious contributing factor in the progression of the disease is unclear. This article addresses these issues through evaluating the contribution of various cardiovascular reflexes and cellular mechanisms to the sympathoexcitation in CHF. It also sheds light on some of the important central mechanisms that contribute to the increase in sympathetic nerve activity in CHF.
authors: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA. izucker@unmc.edu
authors: Irving H
authors: IH
authors: Zucker
authors: Kaushik P
authors: KP
authors: Patel
authors: Harold D
authors: HD
authors: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents