title: Association of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 promoter polymorphism with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New blood vessel formation in the retina because of prolonged hypoxia is believed to be directly associated with increased expression of several growth factors and angiogenic cytokines. In the present study, we made an attempt to investigate the possible association of the promoter polymorphisms of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 10 for the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study comprised 493 volunteers (253 PDR cases and 240 diabetic controls). Cases and controls were ascertained such that age, sex, nutrition, and glycemic status were matched. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin 10-1082GG (P = 0.0037; odds ratio [OR] = 2.232), tumor necrosis factor α-238AA (P = 0.0001; OR = 5.791), and GA (P = 0.0015; OR = 1.909) genotypes were significantly associated with PDR occurrence. The interleukin 10-1082G allele (P = 0.0048, OR = 1.4442) and the tumor necrosis factor α-238A allele (P = 0.0001; OR = 2.2897) were significantly increased among PDR cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our study, it may be concluded that the genetic variation, that is, tumor necrosis factor α-238A and interleukin 10-1082G alleles are the potent risk factors for the pathogenesis of PDR.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Dr BC Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors: Suman K
authors: SK
authors: Paine
authors: Aditi
authors: A
authors: Sen
authors: Subhadip
authors: S
authors: Choudhuri
authors: Lakshmi K
authors: LK
authors: Mondal
authors: Imran H
authors: IH
authors: Chowdhury
authors: Analabha
authors: A
authors: Basu
authors: Ankur
authors: A
authors: Mukherjee
authors: Basudev
authors: B
authors: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10