title: Cardiac autonomic imbalance in newly diagnosed and established diabetes is associated with markers of adipose tissue inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetics die from cardiovascular disease at a much greater rate than nondiabetics. Cardiac autonomic imbalance predicts increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. We studied the relationship between cardiac autonomic imbalance and adipose tissue-derived inflammation in newly diagnosed and established type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-diabetics, newly diagnosed diabetics, and established diabetics were included. Anthropomorphic and biochemical measurements were obtained, and insulin resistance was approximated. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed using conventional measures and with power spectral analysis of heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart rate variability was reduced in all diabetics. Interleukin-6 was higher in diabetics, as was the high molecular weight adiponectin-to-leptin ratio. Interleukin-6 correlated negatively with measures of autonomic balance. Ratios of adiponectin to leptin correlated positively with measures of autonomic balance. Cardiac autonomic imbalance and inflammation occur early in diabetes and are interrelated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac autonomic imbalance correlates with the adipose tissue-derived inflammation seen early in type 2 diabetes.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Strelitz Diabetes Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 855 West Brambleton Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA.
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Lieb
authors: Henri K
authors: HK
authors: Parson
authors: Gregg
authors: G
authors: Mamikunian
authors: Aaron I
authors: AI
authors: Vinik
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin