title: Improved periodontal health and cardiovascular risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated variable effects on systemic inflammatory and immune responses following improved periodontal health. This study examined changes in serum levels of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and sICAM-1, and antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis, human heat shock protein (hHSP) 60 and P. gingivalis GroEL following improvement in periodontal health in high cardiovascular (CV) risk and low CV-risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients retrospectively selected from a longitudinal study, had undergone yearly periodontal examinations and peripheral blood collections. They had demonstrated a quantifiable improvement in periodontal health (>60% reduction in number of sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm from the baseline visit) and could be classified as either high CV-risk (≥ 6 classical risk factors, n = 13) or low CV-risk (≤ 1 classical risk factor, n = 14). Serum levels of the cytokines and antibodies were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For sICAM-1 and anti-P. gingivalis GroEL and anti-hHSP60 antibodies, most patients recorded decreased levels. Reductions in serum sICAM-1 levels were more notable in low CV-risk patients (p = 0.006); and reductions in levels of anti-P. gingivalis GroEL and anti-hHSP60 antibodies (p = 0.001 and 0.009 respectively) were more notable in high CV-risk patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that subsequent to improved periodontal health, the anti-HSP (HSP60 and GroEL) antibody response was reduced, particularly for high CV-risk patients. sICAM-1 levels were also lowered, more so for low CV-risk patients.
authors: School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rose-Hill
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Ford
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Leishman
authors: H L
authors: HL
authors: Do
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Palmer
authors: N C K
authors: NC
authors: Heng
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: West
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Seymour
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Cullinan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000276:immunology; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1