title: Microbiota in autoimmunity and tolerance.
abstract: The composition of a host's intestinal microbiota directs the type of mucosal and systemic immune responses by affecting the proportion and number of functionally distinct T cell subsets. In particular, the microbiota composition affects the differentiation of intestinal Th17 cells and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, both of which play critical roles in maintaining mucosal barrier functions and in controlling immunological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how the intestinal microbiota affects T cell differentiation and host susceptibility to autoimmune disease.
authors: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Atarashi
authors: Kenya
authors: K
authors: Honda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D054892:Metagenome; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology