title: Aversive stimulus differentially triggers subsecond dopamine release in reward regions.
abstract: Aversive stimuli have a powerful impact on behavior and are considered to be the opposite valence of pleasure. Recent studies have determined some populations of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons are activated by several types of aversive stimuli, whereas other distinct populations are either inhibited or unresponsive. However, it is not clear where these aversion-responsive neurons project, and whether alterations in their activity translate into dopamine release in the terminal field. Here we show unequivocally that the neurochemical and anatomical substrates responsible for the perception and processing of pleasurable stimuli within the striatum are also activated by tail pinch, a classical painful and aversive stimulus. Dopamine release is triggered in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc) core by tail pinch and is time locked to the duration of the stimulus, indicating that the dorsal striatum and NAc core are neural substrates, which are involved in the perception of aversive stimuli. However, dopamine is released in the NAc shell only when tail pinch is removed, indicating that the alleviation of aversive condition could be perceived as a rewarding event.
authors: Medical Center Boulevard, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. ebudygin@wfubmc.edu
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Budygin
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Park
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Bass
authors: V P
authors: VP
authors: Grinevich
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: Bonin
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Wightman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000166:cytology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; C043425:vanoxerine; D004298:Dopamine