title: Increasing maternal body mass index and characteristics of the second stage of labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the length of the second stage of labor in relation to increasing maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) among nulliparous parturient women, and to determine whether route of delivery differs among obese, overweight, and normal-weight women reaching the second stage of labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter trial of fetal pulse oximetry conducted among 5,341 nulliparous women who were induced or labored spontaneously at 36 weeks or more of gestation. Normal weight was defined as BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m, overweight was a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m, and obese was a BMI of 30 or higher.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 5,341 women, 97% had prepregnancy BMI recorded. Of these, 3,739 had BMIs of 18.5 or higher and reached the second stage of labor. Increasing maternal BMI was not associated with second stage duration: normal weight, 1.1 hour; overweight, 1.1 hour; and obese, 1.0 hours (P=.13). Among women who reached the second stage, as BMI increased, so did the likelihood that the woman had undergone induction of labor. Even so, the lack of association between second-stage duration and BMI did not vary by method of labor onset (P=.84). The rate of cesarean delivery in the second stage did not differ by increasing BMI (normal weight 7.1%, overweight 9.6%, obese 6.9%, P=.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among nulliparous women who reach the second stage of labor, increasing maternal BMI is not associated with a longer second stage or an increased risk of cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors: From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; the University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Columbia University, New York, New York; Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; the George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC; and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors: Barrett K
authors: BK
authors: Robinson
authors: Delicia C
authors: DC
authors: Mapp
authors: Steven L
authors: SL
authors: Bloom
authors: Dwight J
authors: DJ
authors: Rouse
authors: Catherine Y
authors: CY
authors: Spong
authors: Michael W
authors: MW
authors: Varner
authors: Susan M
authors: SM
authors: Ramin
authors: Yoram
authors: Y
authors: Sorokin
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Sciscione
authors: Brian M
authors: BM
authors: Mercer
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Thorp
authors: Fergal D
authors: FD
authors: Malone
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Harper
authors: Hugh
authors: H
authors: Ehrenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007748:Labor Stage, Second / Q000502:physiology*; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055815:Young Adult