title: Fate of pathogens in a simulated bioreduction system for livestock carcasses.
abstract: The EU Animal By-Products Regulations generated the need for novel methods of storage and disposal of dead livestock. Bioreduction prior to rendering or incineration has been proposed as a practical and potentially cost-effective method; however, its biosecurity characteristics need to be elucidated. To address this, Salmonella enterica (serovars Senftenberg and Poona), Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and a lux-marked strain of Escherichia coli O157 were inoculated into laboratory-scale bioreduction vessels containing sheep carcass constituents. Numbers of all pathogens and the metabolic activity of E. coli O157 decreased significantly within the liquor waste over time, and only E. faecalis remained detectable after 3months. Only very low numbers of Salmonella spp. and E. faecalis were detected in bioaerosols, and only at initial stages of the trial. These results further indicate that bioreduction represents a suitable method of storing and reducing the volume of livestock carcasses prior to ultimate disposal.
authors: School of Environment, Natural Resources & Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
authors: Ceri L
authors: CL
authors: Gwyther
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Jones
authors: Peter N
authors: PN
authors: Golyshin
authors: Gareth
authors: G
authors: Edwards-Jones
authors: A Prysor
authors: AP
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D058751:Livestock / Q000382:microbiology*; D009027:Mortuary Practice; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols