title: Improving SNR and B1 transmit field for an endorectal coil in 7 T MRI and MRS of prostate cancer.
abstract: Higher magnetic field strengths like 7 T and above are desirable for MR spectroscopy given the increased spectral resolution and signal to noise ratio. At these field strengths, substantial nonuniformities in B(1)(+/-) and radiofrequency power deposition become apparent. In this investigation, we propose an improvement on a conventionally used endorectal coil, through the addition of a second element (stripline). Both elements are used as transceivers. In the center of the prostate, approximately 40% signal to noise ratio increase is achieved. In fact, the signal to noise ratio gain obtained with the quadrature configuration locally can be even greater than 40% when compared to the single loop configuration. This is due to the natural asymmetry of the B(1)(+/-) fields at high frequencies, which causes destructive and constructive interference patterns. Global specific absorption rate is reduced by almost a factor of 2 as expected. Furthermore, approximately a 4-fold decrease in local specific absorption rate is observed when normalized to the B(1) values in the center of the prostate. Because of the 4-fold local specific absorption rate decrease obtained with the dual channel setup for the same reference B(1) value (20 μT at 3.5 cm depth into the prostate) as compared to the single loop, the transmission power B(1) duty cycle can be increased by a factor 4. Consequently, when using the two-element endorectal coil, the radiofrequency power deposition is significantly reduced and radiofrequency intense sequences with adiabatic pulses can be safely applied at 7 T for (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI in the prostate. Altogether, in vivo (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer with a fully adiabatic sequence operated at a minimum B(1)(+) of 20 μT shows insensitivity to the nonuniform transmit field, while remaining within local specific absorption rate guidelines of 10 W/kg.
authors: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. C.ArteagadeCastro@umcutrecht.nl
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Arteaga de Castro
authors: B
authors: B
authors: van den Bergen
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: Luijten
authors: U A
authors: UA
authors: van der Heide
authors: M
authors: M
authors: van Vulpen
authors: D W J
authors: DW
authors: Klomp
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio