title: A psychotechnological review on eye-tracking systems: towards user experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present work is to show a critical review of the international literature on eye-tracking technologies by focusing on those features that characterize them as 'psychotechnologies'.
  
  
  METHODS
  A critical literature review was conducted through the main psychology, engineering, and computer sciences databases by following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 46 matches from 1998 to 2010 were selected for content analysis. Results have been divided into four broad thematic areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that, although there is a growing attention to end-users, most of the studies reviewed in this work are far from being considered as adopting holistic human-computer interaction models that include both individual differences and needs of users. User is often considered only as a measurement object of the functioning of the technological system and not as a real alter-ego of the intrasystemic interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to fully benefit from the communicative functions of gaze, the research on eye-tracking must emphasize user experience. Eye-tracking systems would become an effective assistive technology for integration, adaptation and neutralization of the environmental barrier only when a holistic model can be applied for both design processes and assessment of the functional components of the interaction.
authors: ECoNA, Interuniversity Centre for Research on Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. marialaura.mele@uniroma1.it
authors: Maria Laura
authors: ML
authors: Mele
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Federici
mesh_terms: D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D014584:User-Computer Interface