title: Post-discharge adverse events following pediatric sedation with high doses of oral medication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the occurrence of post-discharge adverse events in children having received a high dose of either chloral hydrate (CH) or midazolam (MZ) during outpatient dental treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A repeated-measures study design was carried out with 42 children treated at a sedation center. The sample comprised 103 dental sedation sessions among 22 male and 20 female patients, 1-8 years old, receiving either MZ (1.0-1.5 mg/kg) or CH (70.0-100.0 mg/kg). During treatment, a single observer recorded intraoperative adverse events. Twenty-four hours later, the observer called the child's main caregiver seeking information on further adverse events. Data analysis involved descriptive and bivariate statistics and the general estimating equation for repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common intraoperative and post-discharge adverse events were hallucination (3.9%) and excessive sleep (41.9%), respectively. The chance of the occurrence of an adverse event following oral pediatric sedation was lesser among the children who received MZ than those who received CH (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01-0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High doses of CH were associated with post-discharge adverse events in children having undergone pediatric dental sedation, whereas high doses of MZ were not associated with these events in pediatric patients.
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors: Luciane Rezende
authors: LR
authors: Costa
authors: Paulo Sucasas
authors: PS
authors: Costa
authors: Sarah Vieira
authors: SV
authors: Brasileiro
authors: Cristiane Baccin
authors: CB
authors: Bendo
authors: Cláudia Marina
authors: CM
authors: Viegas
authors: Saul Martins
authors: SM
authors: Paiva
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010351:Patient Discharge; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D008874:Midazolam