title: Comparison of flavonoid composition of red raspberries ( Rubus idaeus L.) grown in the southern United States.
abstract: Raspberry flavonoid compounds have significant antioxidant activities, and regular consumption may help prevent and/or moderate chronic diseases. Targeted metabolite profiling is useful to identify compounds contributing to these antioxidant properties and health benefits and for tailored breeding for functional foods. In this study, metabolomic variation was determined among three fall-fruiting red raspberry cultivars ('Autumn Britten', 'Caroline', 'Nantahala') grown at three North Carolina locations differing in elevation and average day/night temperatures. 'Nantahala' was specifically bred for the mountainous regions of the southern United States. Ten flavonoid compounds were detected by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Of those, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, and quercetin-3-glucoside were quantified against external standards. Variation in flavonoid composition was primarily attributed to genotype and associated with night temperature and hours exposed to temperatures over 29 °C. 'Nantahala' had particularly high levels of cyanidin-3-sambubioside, indicative of its purple raspberry lineage. Quercetin-3-glucoside levels increased the most with elevated temperatures.
authors: Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University , Campus Box 7609, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Bradish
authors: Penelope
authors: P
authors: Perkins-Veazie
authors: Gina E
authors: GE
authors: Fernandez
authors: Guoxiang
authors: G
authors: Xie
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Jia
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D009657:North Carolina; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols