title: Therapeutic riding followed by rhythmic auditory stimulation to improve balance and gait in a subject with orthopedic pathologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study objectives were to investigate the effect of therapeutic riding with a subject who had an orthopedic diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a single-subject case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at an equestrian facility with an indoor riding arena.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subject was a 59-year-old woman with grade I spondylolisthesis at L4/L5 and multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis in central and foraminal canals. The subject had an anterior cervical fusion of C3-C7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subject has been ambulating with a straight cane due to her history of frequent falls. Gait, agility, strength, range of motion, and balance testing were performed. The subject had impairments of bilateral lower extremities with an ataxic gait pattern and was at risk for continued falls according to the balance measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention comprised therapeutic riding sessions 3 times a week for 20 minutes for 4 weeks. Each riding session was immediately followed by a 10-minute independent walking program with a metronome for rhythmic auditory stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome measures were as follows: Manual muscle testing and range of motion of the lower extremities, Gait Speed Test, Dynamic Gait Index, Four-Square Step Test, Chair Stand Test, Single Leg Stance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements were seen in lower extremity strength and range of motion and balance. The subject improved on balance scores, placing her out of the risk for falls category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic riding followed by rhythmic auditory stimulation improved lower extremity range of motion, strength, and balance with this subject.
authors: Munroe Regional Medical Center, LifeTime Centers, Ocala, FL 34478, USA. CathrynUngermann@mrhs.org
authors: Cathryn M
authors: CM
authors: Ungermann
authors: Laura Z
authors: LZ
authors: Gras
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D056147:Equine-Assisted Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010507:Periodicity; D004856:Postural Balance; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*