title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces polarized signaling of small GTPase (Rac1) protein at the onset of Schwann cell myelination through partitioning-defective 3 (Par3) protein.
abstract: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was shown to play a role in Schwann cell myelination by recruiting Par3 to the axon-glial interface, but the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. Here we report that Par3 regulates Rac1 activation by BDNF but not by NRG1-Type III in Schwann cells, although both ligands activate Rac1 in vivo. During development, active Rac1 signaling is localized to the axon-glial interface in Schwann cells by a Par3-dependent polarization mechanism. Knockdown of p75 and Par3 individually inhibits Rac1 activation, whereas constitutive activation of Rac1 disturbs the polarized activation of Rac1 in vivo. Polarized Rac1 activation is necessary for myelination as Par3 knockdown attenuates myelination in mouse sciatic nerves as well as in zebrafish. Specifically, Par3 knockdown in zebrafish disrupts proper alignment between the axon and Schwann cells without perturbing Schwann cell migration, suggesting that localized Rac1 activation at the axon-glial interface helps identify the initial wrapping sites. We therefore conclude that polarization of Rac1 activation is critical for myelination.
authors: Biochemistry Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors: Chhavy
authors: C
authors: Tep
authors: Mi Lyang
authors: ML
authors: Kim
authors: Laura I
authors: LI
authors: Opincariu
authors: Allison S
authors: AS
authors: Limpert
authors: Jonah R
authors: JR
authors: Chan
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Appel
authors: Bruce D
authors: BD
authors: Carter
authors: Sung Ok
authors: SO
authors: Yoon
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051379:Mice; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C115084:Pard3 protein, mouse; C472451:Pard3 protein, rat; C484602:Rac1 protein, mouse; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C499134:Rac1 protein, rat; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein