title: Cigarette dependence among males and females aged 50+ living in Izmir, Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking, the most important preventable cause of death overall, is also the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Tobacco consumption has a direct or indirect relationship with most types of cancer. In Turkey, the second leading cause of death is cancer, with lung cancer the most prevalent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the level of cigarette dependence among men and women aged 50+, living in Izmir.
  
  
  METHODS
  This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional field study, carried out with the participation of a total of 2,497 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that 48.8% of the participants used to be smokers, and 95.5% of the smoking participants had been smoking for at least 11 years at the time of study. 36.1% of the participants were being exposed to secondhand smoke at home, and almost one third of the smokers (29%) had a moderate level of dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuing education may help high-risk groups develop good habits for a healthier lifestyle such as smoking less and quitting smoking, thereby reducing the level of morbidity and mortality of most common types of cancer.
authors: Ataturk School of Health, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Dilek
authors: D
authors: Sari
authors: Ilknur
authors: I
authors: Pektas
authors: Zehra
authors: Z
authors: Baykal
authors: Yeliz
authors: Y
authors: Cakir
authors: Arzu Tuna
authors: AT
authors: Malak
authors: Rabia Ekti
authors: RE
authors: Genc
authors: Ayse San
authors: AS
authors: Turgay
authors: Aysun Babacan
authors: AB
authors: Gumus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution