title: Cerebrospinal fluid pathways from cisterns to ventricles in N-butyl cyanoacrylate-induced hydrocephalic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebrospinal fluid typically enters the subarachnoid space from the ventricles via the fourth ventricular foramina. However, there is clinical evidence that CSF also flows in the opposite direction. Ventricular reflux of CSF from a cistern is a well-known phenomenon in radioisotope studies in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Additionally, the presence of ventricular blood in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage is frequently observed. The goal of this investigation was to examine the potential CSF pathways from cisterns to ventricles. The authors examined pathways in rat models in which they occluded the fourth ventricular outlets and injected a tracer into the subarachnoid space.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model for acute obstructive hydrocephalus was induced using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. After 3 days, cationized ferritin was infused into the lumbar subarachnoid space to highlight retrograde CSF flow pathways. The animals were sacrificed at 48 hours, and the brains were prepared. The CSF flow pathway was traced by staining the ferritin with ferrocyanide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ferritin was observed in the third ventricle in 7 of 8 rats with hydrocephalus and in the temporal horn of the lateral ventricles in 4 of 8 rats with hydrocephalus. There was no definite staining in the aqueduct, which suggests that the ventricular reflux originated from routes other than through the fourth ventricular outlets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interfaces between the quadrigeminal cistern and third ventricle and those between the ambient cistern and lateral ventricle appear to be potential sites of CSF reflux from cisterns to ventricles in obstructive hydrocephalus.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jong-Hyuk
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Yong-Sook
authors: YS
authors: Park
authors: Jong-Sik
authors: JS
authors: Suk
authors: Seung-Won
authors: SW
authors: Park
authors: Sung-Nam
authors: SN
authors: Hwang
authors: Taek-Kyun
authors: TK
authors: Nam
authors: Young-Baeg
authors: YB
authors: Kim
authors: Won-Bok
authors: WB
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D002946:Cisterna Magna / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004659:Enbucrilate; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000503:physiopathology; D014014:Tissue Adhesives
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D004659:Enbucrilate