title: Uranium and trace elements in phosphate fertilizers--Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Manufactured phosphate fertilizers and their agricultural applications are considerable sources of environmental pollution. In this study, composite samples of phosphate fertilizer (PF) of different physical forms (granular, G, and water soluble powder, L) were collected. The activity concentration of 238U in Bq kg(-1) was measured using gamma ray spectrometers, and the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and selenium in mg kg(-1) were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers (ICP-OES). The main aims of this study were to evaluate PF quality according to its physical form, determine manufacturers (local, L, or imported, I), and estimate the hazardous impacts of long-term phosphate fertilization. There was significant variation in the concentration of uranium and other elements in PF samples. In order to have globally normalized data, it is highly recommended to express the concentration of trace elements as per phosphorus mass instead of fertilizer mass. The annual addition of these elements to soil due to phosphate fertilization was calculated. The possible accumulation of added uranium and other trace elements due to fertilization in the subsurface soil layer and/or shallow underground water should be studied in the soil environment of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Physics Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Khater_ashraf@yahoo.com
authors: Ashraf E M
authors: AE
authors: Khater
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005308:Fertilizers; D005720:Gamma Rays; D060587:Groundwater; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011208:Powders; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma / Q000379:methods; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014501:Uranium; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D010710:Phosphates; D011208:Powders; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D010758:Phosphorus; D014501:Uranium