title: Cigarette smoking increases risk for incident metabolic syndrome in Chinese men-Shanghai diabetes study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether smoking increases the risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 693 men with no MetS at baseline were followed for 2.9-5.5 years. Subjects were divided into nonsmokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers according to baseline smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age, education level, alcohol intake, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, and BMI at baseline and weight change, current smokers were dose-dependently associated with increased risk for developing new MetS compared with nonsmokers. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.131 (95% CI, 1.264, 3.592; P<0.01) for the NCEPIII definition or 3.083 (95% CI, 1.807, 5.295; P<0.01) for the JCDCG definition of MetS. Ex-smokers who had quit for ≥13 years significantly decreased the risk for developing new MetS defined by the JCDCG definition. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were significantly associated with increased incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking is a risk factor for developing MetS in Chinese men after adjusting for age, education level, alcohol intake, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, BMI, and weight change. This could be due to an increased incidence of dyslipidemia. Smoking cessation for >13 years decreased the risk for developing MetS defined by the JCDCG definition.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: YunXia
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: MingLiang
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: XuHong
authors: X
authors: Hou
authors: JunXi
authors: J
authors: Lu
authors: LiangPu
authors: L
authors: Peng
authors: HuiLin
authors: H
authors: Gu
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: WeiPing
authors: W
authors: Jia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL