title: Persistence of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in water and on non-porous surface.
abstract: Knowledge of influenza A virus survival in different environmental conditions is a key element for the implementation of hygiene and personal protection measures by health authorities. As it is dependent on virus isolates even within the same subtype, we studied the survival of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm) virus in water and on non-porous surface. The H1N1pdm virus was subjected to various environmental parameters over time and tested for infectivity. In water, at low and medium salinity levels and 4°C, virus survived at least 200 days. Increasing temperature and salinity had a strong negative effect on the survival of the virus which remained infectious no more than 1 day at 35°C and 270 parts per thousand (ppt) of salt. Based on modeled data, the H1N1pdm virus retained its infectivity on smooth non-porous surface for at least 7 days at 35°C and up to 66 days at 4°C. The H1N1pdm virus has thus the ability to persist in water and on glass surface for extended periods of time, even at 35°C. Additional experiments suggest that external viral structures in direct contact with the environment are mostly involved in loss of virus infectivity.
authors: Institut Pasteur, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Paris, France.
authors: Amélie
authors: A
authors: Dublineau
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Batéjat
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Pinon
authors: Ana Maria
authors: AM
authors: Burguière
authors: India
authors: I
authors: Leclercq
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Manuguerra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D007700:Kinetics; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D058873:Pandemics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016062:Porosity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D014867:Water