title: Factors associated with mortality in 2-year survivors of head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine conditional survival rates of 2-year survivors of head and neck cancer and to identify risk factors of increased mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study conducted from September 1, 2001, through September 31, 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seventy-six patients who survived 2 years after the diagnosis of their upper aerodigestive carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients prospectively provided health-related information.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcomes were observed (death from all causes) and disease-specific (cancer-related) survival for 2-year survivors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-year observed (90.8%) and disease-specific (94.8%) survival rates were 29.7 and 25.0 percentage points higher, respectively, than rates calculated for all patients at diagnosis. Older age and advanced stage were associated with poorer survival, whether death was due to the cancer or from all causes. Patients with pain or poor overall quality of life at 2 years were more likely to die from all causes, whereas those still smoking 2 years after diagnosis were more likely to die from their cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to older age and advanced stage, pain, poor overall quality of life, and tobacco use 2 years after diagnosis characterize patients who might need longer and more intense follow-up care to improve their observed and disease-specific survival. This information is useful in developing management plans for patients transitioning from a focus on cancer surveillance into survivorship.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors: Trisha L
authors: TL
authors: Thompson
authors: Nitin A
authors: NA
authors: Pagedar
authors: Lucy Hynds
authors: LH
authors: Karnell
authors: Gerry F
authors: GF
authors: Funk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology