title: The spectrum of ocular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus in a tertiary eye care center in Nepal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Manifestations of Systemic lupus erythematosus are protean and the eye can get affected in more than a third of the cases. This study was conducted to evaluate the spectrum of ocular manifestation among Nepalese patients diagnosed with Systemic lupus erythematosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this hospital based cross-sectional study, 91 established cases of Systemic lupus erythematosus were enrolled from January 2008 to June 2009 AD. Patient particulars including age, sex, duration, systemic involvement, laboratory findings and treatment history were noted. Detailed ophthalmological examination was carried.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 91 patients, 94.5% were females and 5.5% were males. Female/Male ratio was 17:1. Mean age of the patients was 26.59 ± 10.33 years. Ocular involvement was present in 47.3% (43) of the patients, the commonest manifestation being dry eye (39.5%) followed by lupus retinopathy (21%) and drug induced ocular complications (21%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular manifestations in Systemic lupus erythematosus are not uncommon.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, B P Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. helloranju50@yahoo.com
authors: Ranju
authors: R
authors: Sitaula
authors: Dev Narayan
authors: DN
authors: Shah
authors: Divya
authors: D
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents