title: The Arabidopsis YUCCA1 flavin monooxygenase functions in the indole-3-pyruvic acid branch of auxin biosynthesis.
abstract: The effects of auxins on plant growth and development have been known for more than 100 years, yet our understanding of how plants synthesize this essential plant hormone is still fragmentary at best. Gene loss- and gain-of-function studies have conclusively implicated three gene families, CYTOCHROME P450 79B2/B3 (CYP79B2/B3), YUCCA (YUC), and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1/TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE-RELATED (TAA1/TAR), in the production of this hormone in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Each of these three gene families is believed to represent independent routes of auxin biosynthesis. Using a combination of pharmacological, genetic, and biochemical approaches, we examined the possible relationships between the auxin biosynthetic pathways defined by these three gene families. Our findings clearly indicate that TAA1/TARs and YUCs function in a common linear biosynthetic pathway that is genetically distinct from the CYP79B2/B3 route. In the redefined TAA1-YUC auxin biosynthetic pathway, TAA1/TARs are required for the production of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) from Trp, whereas YUCs are likely to function downstream. These results, together with the extensive genetic analysis of four pyruvate decarboxylases, the putative downstream components of the TAA1 pathway, strongly suggest that the enzymatic reactions involved in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production via IPyA are different than those previously postulated, and a new and testable model for how IAA is produced in plants is needed.
authors: Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
authors: Anna N
authors: AN
authors: Stepanova
authors: Jeonga
authors: J
authors: Yun
authors: Linda M
authors: LM
authors: Robles
authors: Ondrej
authors: O
authors: Novak
authors: Wenrong
authors: W
authors: He
authors: Hongwei
authors: H
authors: Guo
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Ljung
authors: Jose M
authors: JM
authors: Alonso
mesh_terms: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051279:Tryptophan Transaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D007211:Indoles; C008122:indol-3-yl pyruvic acid; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C530432:cytochrome P-450 79B2 protein, Arabidopsis; C530433:cytochrome P-450 79B3, Arabidopsis; D010105:Oxygenases; C422746:YUC protein, Arabidopsis; D051279:Tryptophan Transaminase