title: Application of proteomics to the study of polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical proteomics consists of qualitative and quantitative profiling of proteins present in clinical specimens such as body fluids or tissues, with the aim of discovering novel proteins and cellular pathways associated with the disease of interest.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the proteomic studies conducted to date that addressed different aspects of the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive review of studies that applied proteomic techniques to the study of PCOS. Published articles were identified using the Entrez-PubMed online search facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most studies conducted to date focused on protein variations in plasma and different target tissues. Plasma proteomics analysis revealed that PCOS associates changes in protein expression in several acute-phase response proteins. Moreover, some of these molecules play major roles in iron metabolism and low-grade chronic inflammation. Studies using omental adipose tissue from morbidly obese women with or without PCOS revealed differences in abundance of proteins that may be involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress processes, and adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, identification of differentially expressed proteins in ovarian tissue, granulosa cells or T lymphocites may help to characterize more clearly some aspects of this disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the application of proteomic techniques to the study of PCOS is in its early infancy, studies conducted to date highlight its heterogeneous nature. Aside from androgen excess, several pathways related to intermediate metabolism, oxidative stress processes, inflammation and iron metabolism appear to be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS.
authors: Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Insenser
authors: H F
authors: HF
authors: Escobar-Morreale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*