title: Structure-based discovery of anti-influenza virus A compounds among medicines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is nowadays a major public health concern, in particular since the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic. The outbreak of IAV strains resistant to currently available drugs, such as oseltamivir or zanamivir targeting the neuraminidase, is a real threat for humans as well as for animals. Thus the development of anti-IAV drugs with a novel action mechanism may be an urgent theme.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a docking simulation targeting the interface of PA interacting with PB1 using a drug database including ~4000 compounds. We then conducted cell viability assay and plaque assay using IAV/WSN/33. Finally we examined their anti-IAV mechanism by surface plasmon resonance and IAV replicon assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that benzbromarone, diclazuril, and trenbolone acetate had strong anti-IAV activities. We confirmed that benzbromarone and diclazuril bound with PA subunit, and decreased the transcriptional activity of the viral RNA polymerase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benzbromarone and diclazuril had strong anti-IAV activities with novel action mechanism, i.e. inhibition of viral RNA polymerase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since benzbromarone and diclazuril are already used in public as medicines, these could be the candidates for alternatives in case of an outbreak of IAV which is resistant to pre-existing anti-IAV drugs.
authors: United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors: Mayuko
authors: M
authors: Fukuoka
authors: Moeko
authors: M
authors: Minakuchi
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Kawaguchi
authors: Kyosuke
authors: K
authors: Nagata
authors: Yuji O
authors: YO
authors: Kamatari
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Kuwata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D055808:Drug Discovery; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases