title: Possible improvements in human ovarian grafting by various host and graft treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anticancer treatment poses a high risk of ovarian failure. In many cases cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is the only option for fertility preservation. Although autologous transplantation of cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissue has resulted in live births, slow graft revascularization and ischemia after transplantation leads to substantial follicular loss. Therefore, methods to improve and hasten graft vascularization are needed. The aim of the study was to examine the benefits of host and graft treatments with melatonin, hyaluronan (HA), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vitamin E with regard to the outcome of human ovarian tissue grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five young cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic ovarian surgery for fertility preservation donated ovarian tissue. Thawed ovarian samples were transplanted into immunodeficient mice divided into seven groups: (A) no treatment; (B) host treatment with melatonin before and after grafting; (C) graft incubation with HA-rich biological glue before transplantation; (D) host as in (B), graft as in (C); (E) host as in (B), graft incubation with VEGF-A and vitamin E; (F) graft as in (C) combined with VEGF-A and vitamin E; (G) host as in (B), graft as in (F). Graft survival was assessed by follicle counts, apoptosis assay and immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and VEGF-A expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only grafts implanted in melatonin-treated hosts and grafts incubated with HA-rich biological glue retained their original size. Apoptosis was significantly lower after host treatment with melatonin and graft incubation with HA-rich biological glue plus VEGF-A and vitamin E than in untreated grafts; apoptosis was specifically low in Group G. There were significantly more atretic follicles in the untreated group than in most treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that host treatment with melatonin or graft incubation with HA-rich biological glue, especially when combined with VEGF-A and vitamin E improves graft survival. This protocol can be applied and holds promise in ovarian autotransplantation for fertility restoration.
authors: Infertility and IVF Unit,  Helen Schneider Hospital for Women,  Rabin Medical Center,  Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49100,  Israel.
authors: Or
authors: O
authors: Friedman
authors: Raoul
authors: R
authors: Orvieto
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Fisch
authors: Carmela
authors: C
authors: Felz
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Freud
authors: Avi
authors: A
authors: Ben-Haroush
authors: Ronit
authors: R
authors: Abir
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059247:Fertility Preservation; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014810:Vitamin E; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D008550:Melatonin