title: Vein of Galen malformations: epidemiology, clinical presentations, management.
abstract: The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a congenital vascular malformation that comprises 30% of the pediatric vascular and 1% of all pediatric congenital anomalies. Treatment is dependent on the timing of presentation and clinical manifestations. With the development of endovascular techniques, treatment paradigms have changed and clinical outcomes have significantly improved. In this article, the developmental embryology, clinical features and pathophysiology, diagnostic workup, and management strategies are reviewed.
authors: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors: Pablo F
authors: PF
authors: Recinos
authors: Gazanfar
authors: G
authors: Rahmathulla
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Pearl
authors: Violette Renard
authors: VR
authors: Recinos
authors: George I
authors: GI
authors: Jallo
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Gailloud
authors: Edward S
authors: ES
authors: Ahn
mesh_terms: D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology; D004453:Echoencephalography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D054080:Vein of Galen Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy