title: Choosing an appropriate length of loop type ureteral stent using direct ureteral length measurement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ureteral stent is now a fundamental part of many urological procedures. To decrease ureteral stent-related symptoms, loop type ureteral stent was developed. However the most important factor to decrease urinary symptoms is choosing the optimal length of a ureteral stent. We investigated the relationship between the actual ureteral length and the loop type ureteral stent position.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 226 loop type polyurethane ureteral stents (156 patients) were inserted with four options for stent length (20, 22, 24 and 26 cm). The ureteral length was measured using a ruled 5-Fr ureteral catheter. The appropriateness of stent position was defined into three groups based on kidney-ureter-bladder films.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine stents (3.9%) migrated, 171 stents (75.7%) were in the appropriate position and 46 stents (19.5%) were overlong. The rate of migration rate and overlong stents closely correlated with the ureteral length when the proximal end of the stent was in the renal pelvis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is appropriate to choose a loop type ureteral stent that is the same or 1 cm less than the length of the ureter when the proximal end of the stent will be in the renal pelvis.
authors: Department of Urology, Ohguchi Higashi General Hospita, Yokohama, Japan. takashi_tk2001 @ yahoo.co.jp
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Kawahara
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Ito
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Terao
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Yoshida
authors: Takehiko
authors: T
authors: Ogawa
authors: Hiroji
authors: H
authors: Uemura
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Y
authors: Kubota
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D053039:Ureterolithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes