title: Sahel, savana, riverine and urban malaria in West Africa: Similar control policies with different outcomes.
abstract: The study sites for the West African ICEMR are in three countries (The Gambia, Senegal, Mali) and are located within 750 km of each other. In addition, the National Malaria Control Programmes of these countries have virtually identical policies: (1) Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection, (2) Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated bed Nets (LLINs) to reduce the Entomololgic Inoculation Rate (EIR), and (3) sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp). However, the prevalence of P. falciparum malaria and the status of malaria control vary markedly across the four sites with differences in the duration of the transmission season (from 4-5 to 10-11 months), the intensity of transmission (with EIRs from unmeasurably low to 4-5 per person per month), multiplicity of infection (from a mean of 1.0 to means of 2-5) and the status of malaria control (from areas which have virtually no control to areas that are at the threshold of malaria elimination). The most important priority is the need to obtain comparable data on the population-based prevalence, incidence and transmission of malaria before new candidate interventions or combinations of interventions are introduced for malaria control.
authors: International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research in West Africa at the Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Gambia.
authors: Serign J
authors: SJ
authors: Ceesay
authors: Kalifa A
authors: KA
authors: Bojang
authors: Davis
authors: D
authors: Nwakanma
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Conway
authors: Ousmane A
authors: OA
authors: Koita
authors: Seydou O
authors: SO
authors: Doumbia
authors: Daouda
authors: D
authors: Ndiaye
authors: Tinzana F
authors: TF
authors: Coulibaly
authors: Mahamadou
authors: M
authors: Diakité
authors: Sekou F
authors: SF
authors: Traoré
authors: Mamadou
authors: M
authors: Coulibaly
authors: Jean-Louis
authors: JL
authors: Ndiaye
authors: Ousmane
authors: O
authors: Sarr
authors: Oumar
authors: O
authors: Gaye
authors: Lassana
authors: L
authors: Konaté
authors: Ngayo
authors: N
authors: Sy
authors: Babacar
authors: B
authors: Faye
authors: Ousmane
authors: O
authors: Faye
authors: Nafomon
authors: N
authors: Sogoba
authors: Musa
authors: M
authors: Jawara
authors: Adama
authors: A
authors: Dao
authors: Belco
authors: B
authors: Poudiougou
authors: Sory
authors: S
authors: Diawara
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Okebe
authors: Lansana
authors: L
authors: Sangaré
authors: Ismaela
authors: I
authors: Abubakar
authors: Aliou
authors: A
authors: Sissako
authors: Ayouba
authors: A
authors: Diarra
authors: Moussa
authors: M
authors: Kéita
authors: Balla
authors: B
authors: Kandeh
authors: Carole A
authors: CA
authors: Long
authors: Rick M
authors: RM
authors: Fairhurst
authors: Manoj
authors: M
authors: Duraisingh
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Perry
authors: Marc A T
authors: MA
authors: Muskavitch
authors: Clarissa
authors: C
authors: Valim
authors: Sarah K
authors: SK
authors: Volkman
authors: Dyann F
authors: DF
authors: Wirth
authors: Donald J
authors: DJ
authors: Krogstad
mesh_terms: D000354:Africa, Western / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000458:organization & administration; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000469:parasitology; D057148:Insecticide-Treated Bednets; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012621:Seasons; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D011739:Pyrimethamine