title: Protein monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination generate structural diversity to control distinct biological processes.
abstract: Ubiquitination involves the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to lysine residues on substrate proteins or itself, which can result in protein monoubiquitination or polyubiquitination. Polyubiquitination through different lysines (seven) or the N-terminus of Ub can generate different protein-Ub structures. These include monoubiquitinated proteins, polyubiqutinated proteins with homotypic chains through a particular lysine on Ub or mixed polyubiquitin chains generated by polymerization through different Ub lysines. The ability of the ubiquitination pathway to generate different protein-Ub structures provides versatility of this pathway to target proteins to different fates. Protein ubiquitination is catalyzed by Ub-conjugating and Ub-ligase enzymes, with different combinations of these enzymes specifying the type of Ub modification on protein substrates. How Ub-conjugating and Ub-ligase enzymes generate this structural diversity is not clearly understood. In the current review, we discuss mechanisms utilized by the Ub-conjugating and Ub-ligase enzymes to generate structural diversity during protein ubiquitination, with a focus on recent mechanistic insights into protein monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination.
authors: Australian Prostate Cancer Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Sadowski
authors: Randy
authors: R
authors: Suryadinata
authors: Anthonius Ricardo
authors: AR
authors: Tan
authors: Siti Nur Ain
authors: SN
authors: Roesley
authors: Boris
authors: B
authors: Sarcevic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D025821:Polyubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D059748:Proteolysis; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D057149:Ubiquitinated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D057149:Ubiquitinated Proteins; D025821:Polyubiquitin; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes