title: Stimulus-induced, sleep-bound, focal seizures: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), seizures occur almost exclusively during NREM sleep. Why precisely these seizures are sleep-bound remains unknown. Studies of patients with nonlesional familial forms of NFLE have suggested the arousal system may play a major role in their pathogenesis. We report the case of a patient with pharmaco-resistant, probably cryptogenic form of non-familial NFLE and strictly sleep-bound seizures that could be elicited by alerting stimuli and were associated with ictal bilateral thalamic and right orbital-insular hyperperfusion on SPECT imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital Zurich.
  
  
  METHODS
  One patient with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case shows that the arousal system plays a fundamental role also in cryptogenic non-familial forms of NFLE.
authors: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Siclari
authors: Lino
authors: L
authors: Nobili
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Lo Russo
authors: Alessio
authors: A
authors: Moscato
authors: Alfred
authors: A
authors: Buck
authors: Claudio L
authors: CL
authors: Bassetti
authors: Ramin
authors: R
authors: Khatami
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017286:Polysomnography; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult