title: Improved monitoring of female codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with pear ester plus acetic acid in sex pheromone-treated orchards.
abstract: The performance of clear delta traps baited with 3.0 mg of pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, and 5.0 ml of acetic acid in separate lures was compared with orange delta traps baited with a single lure containing 3.0 mg of both pear ester and the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol  (codlemone) for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen). Residual analyses and field tests demonstrated that both the pear ester and acetic acid lures were effective for at least 8 wk. The two trap-lure combinations caught a similar number of  total moths in an orchard treated with sex pheromone dispensers during short-term trials in 2008. However, the mean catch of female moths was significantly higher and male moths significantly lower in clear traps baited with pear ester and acetic acid versus orange traps baited with pear ester  and codlemone. Season-long studies were conducted with these two trap-lure combinations in orchards treated with (n = 6) and without (n = 7) sex pheromone dispensers during 2009. The two trap-lure combinations caught similar numbers of moths in dispenser-treated  orchards. In contrast, total catch was significantly higher (>2-fold) in the orange compared with the clear traps in untreated orchards. The clear caught >6-fold more females than the orange trap in both types of orchards. These studies suggest that deploying clear delta traps baited  with pear ester and acetic acid can be an effective monitoring tool for female codling moth and an alternative to codlemone-baited traps in sex pheromone-treated orchards.
authors: Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA. alan.knight@ars.usda.gov
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Knight
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004952:Esters; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths; D031989:Pyrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012724:Sex Attractants
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D012724:Sex Attractants; D019342:Acetic Acid