title: The entomopathogenic bacterial endosymbionts Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: convergent lifestyles from divergent genomes.
abstract: Members of the genus Xenorhabdus are entomopathogenic bacteria that associate with nematodes. The nematode-bacteria pair infects and kills insects, with both partners contributing to insect pathogenesis and the bacteria providing nutrition to the nematode from available insect-derived nutrients. The nematode provides the bacteria with protection from predators, access to nutrients, and a mechanism of dispersal. Members of the bacterial genus Photorhabdus also associate with nematodes to kill insects, and both genera of bacteria provide similar services to their different nematode hosts through unique physiological and metabolic mechanisms. We posited that these differences would be reflected in their respective genomes. To test this, we sequenced to completion the genomes of Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC 19061 and Xenorhabdus bovienii SS-2004. As expected, both Xenorhabdus genomes encode many anti-insecticidal compounds, commensurate with their entomopathogenic lifestyle. Despite the similarities in lifestyle between Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, a comparative analysis of the Xenorhabdus, Photorhabdus luminescens, and P. asymbiotica genomes suggests genomic divergence. These findings indicate that evolutionary changes shaped by symbiotic interactions can follow different routes to achieve similar end points.
authors: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Chaston
authors: Garret
authors: G
authors: Suen
authors: Sarah L
authors: SL
authors: Tucker
authors: Aaron W
authors: AW
authors: Andersen
authors: Archna
authors: A
authors: Bhasin
authors: Edna
authors: E
authors: Bode
authors: Helge B
authors: HB
authors: Bode
authors: Alexander O
authors: AO
authors: Brachmann
authors: Charles E
authors: CE
authors: Cowles
authors: Kimberly N
authors: KN
authors: Cowles
authors: Creg
authors: C
authors: Darby
authors: Limaris
authors: L
authors: de Léon
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Drace
authors: Zijin
authors: Z
authors: Du
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Givaudan
authors: Erin E
authors: EE
authors: Herbert Tran
authors: Kelsea A
authors: KA
authors: Jewell
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Knack
authors: Karina C
authors: KC
authors: Krasomil-Osterfeld
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Kukor
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Lanois
authors: Phil
authors: P
authors: Latreille
authors: Nancy K
authors: NK
authors: Leimgruber
authors: Carolyn M
authors: CM
authors: Lipke
authors: Renyi
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: Xiaojun
authors: X
authors: Lu
authors: Eric C
authors: EC
authors: Martens
authors: Pradeep R
authors: PR
authors: Marri
authors: Claudine
authors: C
authors: Médigue
authors: Megan L
authors: ML
authors: Menard
authors: Nancy M
authors: NM
authors: Miller
authors: Nydia
authors: N
authors: Morales-Soto
authors: Stacie
authors: S
authors: Norton
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Ogier
authors: Samantha S
authors: SS
authors: Orchard
authors: Dongjin
authors: D
authors: Park
authors: Youngjin
authors: Y
authors: Park
authors: Barbara A
authors: BA
authors: Qurollo
authors: Darby Renneckar
authors: DR
authors: Sugar
authors: Gregory R
authors: GR
authors: Richards
authors: Zoé
authors: Z
authors: Rouy
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Slominski
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Slominski
authors: Holly
authors: H
authors: Snyder
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Tjaden
authors: Ransome
authors: R
authors: van der Hoeven
authors: Roy D
authors: RD
authors: Welch
authors: Cathy
authors: C
authors: Wheeler
authors: Bosong
authors: B
authors: Xiang
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Barbazuk
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Gaudriault
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Goodner
authors: Steven C
authors: SC
authors: Slater
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Forst
authors: Barry S
authors: BS
authors: Goldman
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Goodrich-Blair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007313:Insecta / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009348:Nematoda / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D020637:Photorhabdus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013559:Symbiosis; D020593:Xenorhabdus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S