title: Potential role of prolactin in antipsychotic-mediated association of schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: It remains unclear why atypical antipsychotics confer a risk for hyperglycemia compared to typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics antagonize dopamine receptors-2 (D(2)) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors-2, while typical antipsychotics antagonize only D(2) receptors. We aimed at elucidating the mechanistic differences between the role of typical and atypical antipsychotics on prolactin levels and glucose regulation. A Medline search was conducted during 2010 using the search terms type 2 diabetes (T2D), typical/atypical antipsychotics, schizophrenia, prolactin, and serotonin. We discuss the effect of typical and atypical antipsychotics on prolactin levels and glucose regulation. Given that prolactin is under negative control by dopamine and positive control by serotonin, typical antipsychotics induce elevations in prolactin, while atypical antipsychotics do not. Research studies show protective effects of prolactin on T2D. We hypothesize that the difference in induction of T2D between typical and atypical antipsychotics is due to the antipsychotic receptor binding mediated effect in changes in prolactin levels.
authors: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Brandon
authors: B
authors: Oberweis
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Gragnoli
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011388:Prolactin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D044348:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D044348:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2; D012701:Serotonin; D011388:Prolactin; D005947:Glucose