title: Effects of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (AÇAÍ) extract in acute lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in the mouse.
abstract: Short term inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS) induces significant lung inflammation due to an imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant mechanisms. Açai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The present study aimed to determine whether oral administration of an açai stone extract (ASE) could reduce lung inflammation induced by CS. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups (n=10 each): the Control+A group was exposed to ambient air and treated orally with ASE 300 mg/kg/day; the CS group was exposed to smoke from 6 cigarettes per day for 5 days; and the CS+A group was exposed to smoke from 6 cigarettes per day for 5 days and treated orally with ASE (300 mg/kg/day). On day 6, all mice were sacrificed. After bronchoalveolar lavage, the lungs were removed for histological and biochemical analyses. The CS group exhibited increases in alveolar macrophage (AMs) and neutrophil numbers (PMNs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase activities (GPx), TNF-α expression, and nitrites levels in lung tissue when compared with the control ones (p<0.001 for all parameters). The AMs, PMNs, MPO, SOD, CAT, GPx and nitrite were significantly reduced by oral administration of ASE when compared with CS group (p<0.001 for all parameters, with exception of AMs p<0.01). The present results suggested that systemic administration of an ASE extract could reduce the inflammatory and oxidant actions of CS. Thus, the results of this study in mice should stimulate future studies on ASE as a potential agent to protect against CS-induced inflammation in humans.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia-Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Soares de
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Thiago Santos
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Alan Aguiar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Karla Maria Pereira
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Renata Tiscoski
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Nesi
authors.forename: Angela Castro
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: Pergentino Jose Cunha
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Antônio Jorge Ribeiro da
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ricardo Moreira
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Luis Cristóvão
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Samuel Santos
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Valenca
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002374:Catalase / Q000737:chemistry; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase