title: [Enteric Gram negative rods and unfermented of glucose bacteria in patients with peri-implant disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implants can be colonized by microorganisms from oral biofilms and may affect peri-implant tissues health. Among these bacteria, pathogens typically associated with periodontitis can be found, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as Gram negative enteric bacilli not typically associated with periodontal diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Superinfecting bacteria were characterized from peri-implant lesions in patients with history of periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight implants were studied in 55 patients; the average patient age was 56 years. Forty-nine implants had peri-implant lesions and 19 were considered stable. Subgingival samples were obtained in affected and stable implants. The samples were streaked on Mac-Conkey agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The colonies were identified with the kit-BD BBL Crystal E/NF®.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Superinfecting organisms were detected in 20 patients--they were seen more frequently at diseased implants (n=15) than at healthy implants (n=5). The prevalence of superinfecting bacteria on the selected implants was 33.8% (n=23/68). These bacteria were more prevalent among affected implants (n=17 or 25%) than those with stable implants n=6 (8.8%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent Gram negative rod detected (n=12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-third of the implants had superinfecting organisms. Implants with a peri-implant lesion had a higher frequency of superinfecting bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common superinfecting organism isolated. A multiple infection caused by superinfecting bacteria was present only at diseased implants. These microbial agents potentially affect implant stability.
authors.affiliation: Univalle-Colciencias, Grupo de Medicina Periodontal, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jessika
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Consuegra
authors.forename: Sonia Jakeline
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olave
authors.forename: Jorge Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D005947:Glucose