title: Sedative and antiepileptic effects of Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb. in mice and rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sedative and antiepileptic activities of ethanolic extract of Anthocephalus cadamba (ACE) bark in various experimental animal models.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACE was tested at three doses viz. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. We used ketamine-induced sleeping time model to test the sedative property of the extract where, onset and duration of sleep were observed. A paradigm of anticonvulsant models (pentylenetetrazole, isoniazid and maximal electroshock-induced seizures) were used to evaluate its protective effect against absence and generalized types of seizures. Onset of clonic convulsions, tonic extension and time of death were observed in PTZ and INH-induced seizure models. In MES model, duration of tonic hind leg extension and onset of stupor were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACE showed significant increase in ketamine induced sleeping time. It also exhibited significant increase (P<0.05, 0.01 and 0.001) in latency to clonic convulsion, tonic extension and time of death in PTZ and INH models at all tested doses, whereas in the MES model, the lower dose was found to be effective when compared with the higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present investigation demonstrated that ACE possesses sedative and antiepileptic activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Pandian
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagakannan
authors.forename: Basavaraj D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Shivasharan
authors.forename: Veeresh P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Veerapur
authors.forename: Boreddy S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Thippeswamy