title: An electronic nose for reliable measurement and correct classification of beverages.
abstract: This paper reports the design of an electronic nose (E-nose) prototype for reliable measurement and correct classification of beverages. The prototype was developed and fabricated in the laboratory using commercially available metal oxide gas sensors and a temperature sensor. The repeatability, reproducibility and discriminative ability of the developed E-nose prototype were tested on odors emanating from different beverages such as blackcurrant juice, mango juice and orange juice, respectively. Repeated measurements of three beverages showed very high correlation (r > 0.97) between the same beverages to verify the repeatability. The prototype also produced highly correlated patterns (r > 0.97) in the measurement of beverages using different sensor batches to verify its reproducibility. The E-nose prototype also possessed good discriminative ability whereby it was able to produce different patterns for different beverages, different milk heat treatments (ultra high temperature, pasteurization) and fresh and spoiled milks. The discriminative ability of the E-nose was evaluated using Principal Component Analysis and a Multi Layer Perception Neural Network, with both methods showing good classification results.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microengineering and Nanotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia. mazlina@eng.ukm.my
authors.forename: Mazlina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamat
authors.forename: Salina Abdul
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Samad
authors.forename: Mahammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hannan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D004867:Equipment Design; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D008892:Milk; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D061352:Pasteurization; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011381:Programming Languages; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D010087:Oxides