title: Osteoporosis after transplantation.
abstract: Transplantation is an established therapy for end-stage diseases of kidney, lung, liver, and heart among others. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are serious complications of organ transplantation, particularly in the first post-transplant year. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis following organ transplantation. This review addresses the mechanisms of bone loss that occurs both in the early and late post-transplant periods, including the contribution of the immunosuppressive agents as well as the specific features to bone loss after kidney, lung, liver, cardiac, and bone marrow transplantation. Prevention and treatment for osteoporosis in the transplant recipient are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism of Hospital de Clínicas-SEMPR, Federal University of Parana, Av. Agostinho Leão Júnior 285, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, Paraná, Cep: 80030-013, Brazil. kulakjc@gmail.com
authors.forename: Carolina A Moreira
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kulak
authors.forename: Victoria Z Cochenski
authors.initials: VZ
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulak
authors.forename: Melani Ribeiro
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Custódio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000150:complications; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000209:etiology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus