title: Recognition, assessment, and treatment of non-union after surgical fixation of fractures: emphasis on 3D CT.
abstract: For the post-operative patient, conventional axial computed tomography (CT) imaging and 2D multiplanar reconstruction are of limited value because of the beam-hardening artifact. However, three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging is an effective means of detecting subtle fracture healing, or confirming non-union, and for evaluating the integrity of metal hardware. In this article we emphasize the advantages of 3D CT imaging in the assessment and preoperative planning of non-union for patients who have been surgically treated for fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Meselik, Eskisehir, Turkey. ccalisir@ogu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Cuneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calisir
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carrino
authors.forename: Elliot K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*