title: Serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in obesity and periodontal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown a possible association between periodontal disease and obesity. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in the association between obesity and periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred individuals participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, plasma triglyceride (TRG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hsCRP, TNF-α, PAI-1, and periodontal parameters (including plaque index [PI], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups with BMI ≥ 25 had higher median values for FBG, TRG, hsCRP, PAI-1, PI, and CAL than did the groups with a BMI < 25 (P <0.01). Serum TRG levels were positively correlated with PI, PD, and CAL. There were negative associations between clinical periodontal parameters and HDL-C. There were statistically significant correlations between PAI-1 and clinical periodontal parameters (PI, PD, and CAL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum PAI-1 levels may play an important role in the association between periodontal disease and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pelin Taşdelen
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fentoğlu
authors.forename: Gülin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: Nejat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arpak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol