title: Complete genome and clinicopathological characterization of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate from South America.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry, negatively affecting poultry production worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. Although all NDV isolates characterized to date belong to a single serotype of APMV-1, significant genetic diversity has been described between different NDV isolates. Here we present the complete genome sequence and the clinicopathological characterization of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate (NDV-Peru/08) obtained from poultry during an outbreak of ND in Peru in 2008. Phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis of the evolutionary distances between NDV-Peru/08 and other isolates representing established NDV genotypes revealed the existence of large genomic and amino differences that clearly distinguish this isolate from viruses of typical NDV genotypes. Although NDV-Peru/08 is a genetically distinct virus, pathogenesis studies conducted with chickens revealed that NDV-Peru/08 infection results in clinical signs characteristic of velogenic viscerotropic NDV strains. Additionally, vaccination studies have shown that an inactivated NDV-LaSota/46 vaccine conferred full protection from NDV-Peru/08-induced clinical disease and mortality. This represents the first complete characterization of a virulent NDV isolate from South America.
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Diego G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Diel
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Susta
authors.forename: Stivalis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardenas Garcia
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Killian
authors.forename: Corrie C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Patti J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Claudio L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Afonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines