title: Occupational hazards to the pregnant orthopaedic surgeon.
abstract: The number of female orthopaedic residents and orthopaedic surgeons has increased substantially. Concerns have been raised regarding the effect of the work environment on the health of the female orthopaedic surgeon and her fetus or neonate. Occupational risks, and specifically risks to the pregnant orthopaedic surgeon, are becoming an important issue in medicine. Such risks include exposure to methylmethacrylate (MMA), anesthetic gases, blood-borne pathogens, radiation, emotional stress, and physical stress. Awareness of and knowledge about such exposures are needed for the pregnant orthopaedic surgeon to make informed decisions about her occupational exposures and to be proactive about her own and her child's health.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 701 North 1st Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
authors.forename: Roxanne R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Keene
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hillard-Sembell
authors.forename: Brooke S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Novicoff
authors.forename: Khaled J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Saleh
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000633:toxicity; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D020366:Methylmethacrylate / Q000633:toxicity; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009985:Orthopedics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011830:Radiation Effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D020366:Methylmethacrylate