title: Comparison of three methods of sampling for endometrial cytology in the mare. Preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study aims to compare three different sampling techniques for the collection of endometrial cytological specimens in the mare: the guarded culture swab, the uterine cytobrush and the low volume uterine flush.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of six healthy Standardbred mares in dioestrus. In each mare an acute endometritis was induced by performing a low- volume uterine flush 6days after ovulation using a sterile isotonic solution (lactated Ringer's solution or ViGro™ Complete Flush Solution). Two days after initiating inflammation, samples were collected from each mare using the three compared techniques: the double guarded cotton swab, the uterine cytobrush and the low volume uterine flush. The cytological evaluation of the samples was based on following criteria: the quality and cellularity of the samples and the number of neutrophils recovered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The uterine cytobrush yielded slides of significantly (p=0.02) better quality than the low volume uterine flush. There was no significant difference between the cytobrush and the double guarded swab technique for the quality. There was no difference between techniques in the number of endometrial cells (p=0.55) and neutrophils recovered (p=0.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometrial cytology is a practical method for the diagnosis of acute endometrial inflammation in the mare. Since no difference in the number of neutrophils was found between the three techniques, the choice of the sampling method should be based on other factors such as practicability, costs and disadvantages of each technique.
authors.affiliation: Equine Clinic of the Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Montreal University, Canada. m_defontis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Defontis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaillancourt
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Grand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004031:Diestrus; D004716:Endometritis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*