title: Bioequivalence of oxymorphone extended release and crush-resistant oxymorphone extended release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A formulation of crush-resistant extended-release opioids may deter abuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of oxymorphone extended-release (Oxy-ER) and a crush-resistant formulation of oxymorphone extended-release (Oxy-CRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  In three open-label, randomized studies, healthy adults at a clinical research center received two single oral doses of Oxy-ER and two single doses of Oxy-CRF, each separated by a ≥7-day washout. Doses were administered under fasted conditions (study 1, 5 mg doses; study 2, 40 mg doses) or after a high-fat breakfast (study 3, 40 mg doses). Subjects administered 40 mg doses also received naltrexone. The primary endpoint was systemic oxymorphone exposure; the bioequivalence criterion was met if the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio (Oxy-CRF/Oxy-ER) for oxymorphone area under the curve from time 0 to the last measured concentration (AUC(0-t)), AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC(0-inf)), and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) were within 0.8-1.25. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In studies 1, 2, and 3, the safety population comprised 30, 37, and 36 subjects and the pharmacokinetics population comprised 27, 30, and 29 subjects, respectively. Oxy-ER and Oxy-CRF produced similar mean ± standard deviation oxymorphone AUC(0-t) (study 1, 5.05 ± 1.55 versus 5.29 ± 1.52 ng · h/mL; study 2, 31.51 ± 10.95 versus 31.23 ± 10.33 ng · h/mL; study 3, 50.16 ± 14.91 versus 49.01 ± 14.03 ng · h/mL) and C(max) (0.38 ± 0.11 versus 0.37 ± 0.12 ng/mL; 2.37 ± 1.20 versus 2.41 ± 0.94 ng/mL; 5.87 ± 1.99 versus 5.63 ± 2.26 ng/mL) under all conditions. The 90% confidence intervals for plasma oxymorphone AUC(0-t), AUC(0-inf), and C(max) fulfilled the bioequivalence criterion. Adverse event rates were similar with Oxy-ER and Oxy-CRF (study 1, 25% versus 23%; study 2, 9% versus 16%; study 3, 20% each group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxy-CRF and Oxy-ER (5 mg and 40 mg) are bioequivalent under fasted and fed conditions, suggesting that Oxy-CRF will have clinical efficacy and safety equivalent to Oxy-ER.
authors.affiliation: Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc, Chadds Ford, PA 19317, USA.
authors.forename: Irma H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Benedek
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jobes
authors.forename: Qinfang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fiske
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001711:Biotransformation; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012449:Safety; D012995:Solubility; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010111:Oxymorphone