title: Enhanced synthesis of alkyl amino acids in Miller's 1958 H2S experiment.
abstract: Stanley Miller's 1958 H(2)S-containing experiment, which included a simulated prebiotic atmosphere of methane (CH(4)), ammonia (NH(3)), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) produced several alkyl amino acids, including the α-, β-, and γ-isomers of aminobutyric acid (ABA) in greater relative yields than had previously been reported from his spark discharge experiments. In the presence of H(2)S, aspartic and glutamic acids could yield alkyl amino acids via the formation of thioimide intermediates. Radical chemistry initiated by passing H(2)S through a spark discharge could have also enhanced alkyl amino acid synthesis by generating alkyl radicals that can help form the aldehyde and ketone precursors to these amino acids. We propose mechanisms that may have influenced the synthesis of certain amino acids in localized environments rich in H(2)S and lightning discharges, similar to conditions near volcanic systems on the early Earth, thus contributing to the prebiotic chemical inventory of the primordial Earth.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 8615 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92093-0212, USA.
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: H James
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cleaves
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dworkin
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Glavin
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazcano
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bada
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018534:Earth, Planet; D019418:Evolution, Chemical; D019419:Evolution, Planetary; D005453:Fluorescence; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000737:chemistry*; D008030:Lightning; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018707:Volcanic Eruptions
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide