title: TGF-β1 induces peritoneal fibrosis by activating the Smad2 pathway in             mesothelial cells and promotes peritoneal carcinomatosis.
abstract: Peritoneal dissemination is one of the main causes of death in gastric cancer             patients. Our previous study demonstrated that peritoneal fibrosis induced by             transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) may provide a favorable environment for             the dissemination of gastric cancer. The role of Smad3 in the development of dermal             fibrosis, subcapsular cataract, and peritoneal fibrosis has been reported. However,             the potential role of Smad2 in the development of fibrosis is unclear. The objective             of this study was to determine the effect of Smad2 in peritoneal fibrosis, induced             by TGF-β1, on dissemination of gastric cancer. Here we demonstrate that TGF-β1             significantly stimulated the expression of collagen III and fibronectin in mesothelial             cells through the Smad2 signal transduction pathway, but knockdown of the Smad2             gene by silencing siRNA partially inhibited these effects. This inhibition was             associated with a depressed adhesion and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells.             We conclude that peritoneal fibrosis induced by TGF-β1 is dependent on Smad2 signaling             and may provide a hospitable environment for carcinomatosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao                     University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Dong
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Hai-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fu-Nian
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Hui-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D056627:Peritoneal Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024061:Collagen Type III; D005353:Fibronectins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1