title: Is T2* enough to assess oxygenation? Quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent analysis in brain tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the contribution of the transverse relaxation parameter (T2), macroscopic field inhomogeneities (B0), and blood volume fraction (BVf) to blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-based magnetic resonance (MR) measurements of blood oxygen saturation (SO2) obtained in a brain tumor model.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the local committee for animal care and use. Experiments were performed in accordance with permit 380 820 from the French Ministry of Agriculture. The 9L gliosarcoma cells were implanted in the brain of eight rats. Fifteen days later, 4.7-T MR examinations were performed to estimate T2*, T2, BVf, and T2*ΔB0corrected in the tumor and contralateral regions. MR estimates of SO2 were derived by combining T2, BVf, and T2*ΔB0corrected according to a recently described quantitative BOLD approach. Scatterplots and linear regression analysis were used to identify correlation between parameters. Paired Student t tests were used to compare the tumor region with the contralateral region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant correlations were found between T2* and any parameter in either tumor tissue or healthy tissue. T2* in the tumor and T2* in the uninvolved contralateral brain were the same (36 msec±4 [standard deviation] vs 36 msec±5, respectively), which might suggest similar oxygenation. Adding T2 information (98 msec±7 vs 68 msec±2, respectively) alone yields results that suggest apparent hypo-oxygenation of the tumor, while incorporating BVf (5.3%±0.6 vs 2.6%±0.3, respectively) alone yields results that suggest apparent hyperoxygenation. MR estimates of SO2 obtained with a complete quantitative BOLD analysis, although not correlated with T2* values, suggest normal oxygenation (68%±3 vs 65%±4, respectively). MR estimates of SO2 obtained in the contralateral tissue agree with previously reported values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional measurements, such as BVf, T2, and B0, are needed to obtain reliable information on oxygenation with BOLD MR imaging. The proposed quantitative BOLD approach, which includes these measurements, appears to be a promising tool with which to map tumor oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U836-GIN, Équipe 5, Grenoble, France. christenthomas@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lemasson
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pannetier
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farion
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Remy
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaharchuk
authors.forename: Emmanuel L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Barbier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen