title: Metoclopramide or domperidone for increasing maternal breast milk output: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of metoclopramide and domperidone on the breast milk output of mothers with infants in neonatal intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty mothers expressing breast milk for their infants (mean gestational age 28 weeks) based in NICU and the amounts expressed fell short of the prescribed target.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers were randomised to receive domperidone or metoclopramide for 10 days (10 mg three times a day).
  
  
  METHODS
  Total milk volume daily for up to 10 days before the medication, 10 days during the trial and up to 10 days after medication. Adverse side effects were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers produced more milk in the domperidone group and achieved a mean of 96.3% increase in milk volume (mean increase/pretrial volume) compared with a 93.7% increase for metoclopramide. After adjusting for the amount of milk produced prior to medication, the mean amount of milk produced while taking medication for those on domperidone was 31.0 ml/24 h (95% CI -5.67 to 67.6) greater than the mean for those on metoclopramide. Seven mothers taking metoclopramide reported side effects and three taking domperidone; a further eight women (of 29) who had a follow-on prescription for metoclopramide also reported side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral domperidone and metoclopramide increased the volume of milk produced by mothers who are expressing to feed their babies in NICU. There were small differences in milk output between the two medications and in the incidence of side effects, but the differences were non-significant.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child & Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK. jenny.ingram@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Churchill
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D061186:Breast Milk Expression / Q000379:methods*; D004294:Domperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008893:Milk Ejection / Q000187:drug effects; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004294:Domperidone; D008787:Metoclopramide