title: Nanoerythropoietin is 10-times more effective than regular erythropoietin in neuroprotection in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia and ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Erythropoietin (EPO) has been demonstrated to possess significant neuroprotective effects in stroke. We determined if the nano-drug form of human recombinant EPO (PLGA-EPO nanoparticles [PLGA-EPO-NP]) can enhance neuroprotection at lower dosages versus human recombinant EPO (r-EPO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Established neonatal rat model of unilateral ischemic stroke was used to compare r-EPO, PLGA-EPO-NP and phosphate-buffered saline, given by daily intraperitoneal injections, followed by infarction volume and Rotarod Performance Test assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLGA-EPO-NP significantly reduced infarction volumes 72 hours after injury compared with the same concentrations of r-EPO. Functional deficits were significantly reduced by 300 U/kg PLGA-EPO-NP versus controls, with deficit attenuation apparent at significantly lower dosages of PLGA-EPO-NP versus r-EPO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLGA-EPO-NP is neuroprotective and beneficial against deficits after brain ischemia, at significantly reduced dosages versus r-EPO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spagnoli
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burris
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.forename: Adriel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fajilan
authors.forename: Huanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005079:Excipients; D005260:Female; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid