title: Mineral coatings modulate β-TCP stability and enable growth factor binding and release.
abstract: β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is an attractive ceramic for bone tissue repair because of its similar composition to bone mineral and its osteoconductivity. However, compared with other ceramics β-TCP has a rapid and uncontrolled rate of degradation. In the current study β-TCP granules were mineral coated with the aim of influencing the dissolution rate of β-TCP, and also to use the coating as a carrier for controlled release of the growth factors recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF), modular VEGF peptide (mVEGF), and modular bone morphogenetic protein 2 peptide (mBMP2). The biomineral coatings were formed by heterogeneous nucleation in aqueous solution using simulated body fluid solutions with varying concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO(3)). Our results demonstrate that we could coat β-TCP granules with mineral layers possessing different dissolution properties. The presence of a biomineral coating delays the dissolution rate of the β-TCP granules. As the carbonate (CO(3)(2-)) content in the coating was increased the dissolution rate of the coated β-TCP also increased, but remained slower than the dissolution of uncoated β-TCP. In addition, we showed sustained release of multiple growth factors, with release kinetics that were controllable by varying the identity of the growth factor or the CO(3)(2-) content in the mineral coating. Released rhVEGF induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, and mVEGF enhanced migration of mouse embryonic endothelial cells in a scratch wound healing assay, indicating that each released growth factor was biologically active.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Darilis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suárez-González
authors.forename: Jae Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sheeny K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lan Levengood
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanderby
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D001639:Bicarbonates; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate