title: Salivary IgA and periodontal treatment needs in diabetic patients.
abstract: Salivary IgA can serve as a first line of defense against pathogens that colonize and invade mucosal surfaces and may be protective against periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to assess salivary immunoglobulin A levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with different periodontal treatment needs. The Periodontal Screening & Recording (PSR) system was used to evaluate the periodontal treatment needs of 41 diabetic and 42 non-diabetic patients. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each patient immediately before clinical examination and stored at -20 °C until analysis. Salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and values were expressed as optical density. Diabetic and non-diabetic patients were compared using clinical and laboratory data. PSR data indicated that periodontal disease was more frequent and more severe in diabetic patients. A higher prevalence of codes 3 and 4 was observed in diabetics as compared with non-diabetics (odds ratio = 2, P < 0.05). Furthermore, non-diabetic patients had more healthy sextants (code 0) than did diabetic patients. Over half of diabetic patients (∼54%) presented with s-IgA levels that were lower than the normal range (optical density from 0.4 nm to 0.6 nm; P < 0.05). In addition, diabetic patients showed a higher variability in s-IgA levels as compared with non-diabetic patients. In conclusion, diabetic individuals had lower s-IgA levels, more-frequent and more-severe periodontal disease, and a greater need for periodontal treatment as compared with non-diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Department, University Center of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Salles
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Branco-de-Almeida
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Coêlho
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Fernanda Ferreira
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Adriana de Fátima Vasconcelos
authors.initials: Ade F
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Rosane Nassar Meireles
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Antônio Luiz Amaral
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory