title: "Recovery" in bipolar disorder: how can service users be supported through a self-management intervention? A qualitative focus group study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and recurrent affective disorder. Recovery is defined as the process by which people can live fulfilling lives despite experiencing symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore how an opportunistically recruited group of service users with BD experience recovery and self-management to understand more about how a service users' recovery may be supported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve service users with BD took part in a series of focus groups. Service users' responses to questions about their personal experiences of self-management and recovery were analysed. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis ([ Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101]) was employed to identify common themes in the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four key themes were identified: (1) Recovery is not about being symptom free; (2) Recovery requires taking responsibility for your own wellness; (3) Self-management: building on existing techniques; (4) Overcoming barriers to recovery: negativity, stigma and taboo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Service users with BD have provided further support for the concept of recovery and have suggested a number of ways recovery can be supported. A self-management approach informed by the recovery literature has been proposed as a way to support service users' recovery.
authors.affiliation: Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Department of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Fiona A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Lobban
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D057545:Social Stigma