title: Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in a SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat - a metabolic syndrome rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hydrogen (H2), a potent free radical scavenger, selectively reduces the hydroxyl radical, which is the most cytotoxic of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in oxygen free radicals induces oxidative stress, which is known to be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we investigated whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) affects metabolic abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome rat model, SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr (SHR-cp).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male SHR-cp rats (5 weeks old) were divided into 2 groups: an HRW group was given oral HRW for 16 weeks, and a control group was given distilled water. At the end of the experiment, each rat was placed in a metabolic cage for 24 h, fasted for 12 h, and anesthetized; the blood and kidneys were then collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen weeks after HRW administration, the water intake and urine flow measured in the metabolic cages were significantly higher in the HRW group than in the control group. The urinary ratio of albumin to creatinine was significantly lower and creatinine clearance was higher in the HRW group than in the control group. After the 12-h fast, plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine in the HRW group were significantly lower than in the control group. The plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the HRW group than in the control group. The glomerulosclerosis score for the HRW group was significantly lower than in the control group, and a significantly positive correlation was observed between this score and plasma urea nitrogen levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that HRW conferred significant benefits against abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome model rats, at least by preventing and ameliorating glomerulosclerosis and creatinine clearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan. michio1@med.shimane-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katakura
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nabika
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Shahdat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchikura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shido