title: Long lasting complex nocturnal hallucinations during  Osmotic Release Oral System (OROS) methylphenidate treatment in a 7-year old girl.
abstract: We report a case of a girl with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) who experienced a 3-hour episode of nocturnal complex bizarre visual hallucinations when treated with 18 mg Osmotic Release Oral System (OROS) methylphenidate (MPH). Nocturnal polysomnography performed two weeks later revealed REM sleep reduction (17%) and fragmentation . Two episodes of confusional arousals were recorded. This finding is typical  of parasomnia associated with NREM sleep - disorder of arousal. We hypothesize that this preexisting sleep impairment  represents a factor of vulnerability to MPH sleep side effects.    In our search of literature, we found no report of nocturnal hallucination alone during treatment with stimulants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. michal.goetz@lfmotol.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prihodova
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrdlicka
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate