title: Cardioprotection requires flipping the 'posttranslational modification' switch.
abstract: Minimizing damage during reperfusion of the heart following an ischemic event is an important part of the recovery process, as is preventing future recurrences; however, restoring blood perfusion to the heart following ischemia can lead to apoptosis, necrosis, and finally, diminished cardiac function. Exercise reduces risk of heart disease and has been shown to improve the recovery of the heart following ischemia and reperfusion. Brief intermittent ischemic events administered prior to or following a myocardial infarction have also been demonstrated to reduce the infarct size and improve cardiac function, thereby providing cardioprotection. Many signaling transduction pathways are known to regulate cardioprotection, including but not limited to calcium regulation, antioxidant scavenging, and kinase activation. Although posttranslational modifications (PTM) such as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, methylation, and acetylation are essential regulators of these pathways, their contributions are often overlooked in the literature. This review will examine how PTMS are important regulators of cardioprotection and demonstrate why they should be targeted when developing future therapies for the minimization of damage caused by cardiac ischemia and reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Program in Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Medford
authors.forename: Cheryl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents