title: Salmonella persistence and transmission strategies.
abstract: Host-adapted strains of Salmonella enterica cause systemic infections and have the ability to persist systemically for long periods of time and pose significant public-health problems. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are on the increase, and are often associated with HIV infection. Chronically infected hosts are often asymptomatic and transmit disease to naïve hosts via fecal shedding of bacteria, thereby serving as a critical reservoir for disease. Salmonella utilizes multiple strategies to evade and modulate host innate and adaptive immune responses in order to persist in the presence of a robust immune response. In addition, the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in controlling Salmonella infection, disease, and transmissibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States. dmonack@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Monack
mesh_terms: D057138:Bacterial Shedding; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000472:pathogenicity*