title: Induction of nitric oxide synthase-2 expression and measurement of nitric oxide production in enriched primary cortical astrocyte cultures.
abstract: Astrocytes produce numerous mediators under conditions of inflammation in the central nervous system. One such mediator is nitric oxide (NO) derived from nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2), the high output, inducible NOS isoform. Expression of NOS-2 and production of NO can be stimulated in astrocyte cultures by combinations of cytokines and lipopolysaccharide, a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. This chapter details methods to induce and analyze NOS-2 expression and NO production in astrocyte cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA. jhewett@nso1.uchc.edu
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hewett
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hewett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016207:Cytokines; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II