title: Long-term psychological effects of a no-sedation protocol in critically ill patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A protocol of no sedation has been shown to reduce the time patients receive mechanical ventilation and to reduce intensive care and total hospital length of stay. The long-term psychological effects of this strategy have not yet been described. The purpose of the study was to test whether a strategy of no sedation alters long-term psychological outcome compared with a standard strategy with sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  During intensive care stay, 140 patients requiring mechanical ventilation were randomized to either no sedation or sedation with daily interruption of sedation. This study was done as a single-blinded cohort study. After discharge, patients were interviewed by a neuropsychologist assessing quality of life, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two years after randomization, 38 patients were eligible for interview, and 26 patients were interviewed (13 from each group). No difference was found with respect to quality of life (Medical Outcome Study, 36-item short-form health survey). Both mental and physical components were nonsignificant. The Beck depression index was low in both groups (one patient in intervention group versus three patients in the control group were depressed, p = 0.32). Evaluated with the Impact of Events Scale, both groups had low stress scores (one in the intervention group versus two in the control group had scores greater than 32; p = 0.50). State anxiety scores were also low (28 in the control group versus 30 in the intervention group, p = 0.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that a protocol of no sedation applied to critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation does not increase the risk of long-term psychological sequelae after intensive care compared with standard treatment with sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. t.s@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strøm
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stylsvig
authors.forename: Palle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toft
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome