title: Multiplex cytokine analysis of aqueous humor in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliation glaucoma, and cataract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure levels of various inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliation glaucoma (EXG), and senile cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 64 eyes of 64 Japanese subjects (POAG, 20 eyes; EXG, 23 eyes; and cataract, 21 control eyes). The levels of eight cytokines including interleukin (IL)1-β, IL-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, serum amyloid A (SAA), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were estimated using the multiplex bead immunoassay technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the cataract group, the levels of TGF-β1, IL-8, and SAA were significantly higher in aqueous humor samples from the POAG (5.0-fold, 2.3-fold, and 11.9-fold, respectively) and EXG (12.5-fold, 4.0-fold, and 18.3-fold, respectively) groups. Except for a significant decrease in the IL-6 level in the POAG (0.23-fold) group, no other cytokine levels differed in the POAG and EXG groups compared with the cataract group. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-8, and SAA were positively correlated with each other (ρ = 0.723-0.786; P < 0.0001), the intraocular pressure (IOP) (ρ = 0.392-0.662; P < 0.0001-0.0019), and the number of glaucoma medications (ρ = 0.478-0.659; P < 0.0001-0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine networks including TGF-β1, IL-8, and SAA in aqueous humor may have critical roles in IOP elevations in patients with open-angle glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanito
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohira
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein