title: Ion release from magnesium materials in physiological solutions under different oxygen tensions.
abstract: Although magnesium as degradable biomaterial already showed clinical proof of concepts, the design of new alloys requires predictive in vitro methods, which are still lacking. Incubation under cell culture conditions to obtain "physiological" corrosion may be a solution. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of different solutions, addition of proteins and of oxygen availability on the corrosion of different magnesium materials (pure Mg, WE43, and E11) with different surface finishing. Oxygen content in solution, pH, osmolality and ion release were determined. Corrosion led to a reduction of oxygen in solution. The influence of oxygen on pH was enhanced by proteins, while osmolality was not influenced. Magnesium ion release was solution-dependent and enhanced in the initial phase by proteins with delayed release of alloying elements. The main corrosion product formed was magnesium carbonate. Therefore, cell culture conditions are proposed as first step toward physiological corrosion.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Material Research, Department of Macromolecular Structure Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany. frank.feyerabend@hzg.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feyerabend
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drücker
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laipple
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stekker
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hort
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willumeit
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003343:Corrosion; D007477:Ions; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010100:Oxygen; D012996:Solutions; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions; D012996:Solutions; D008274:Magnesium; D010100:Oxygen