title: Quality of life and psychosocial factors in African Americans with hypertensive chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is poorly understood in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) prior to end-stage renal disease. The association between psychosocial measures and HRQOL has not been fully explored in CKD, especially in African Americans. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of HRQOL and its association with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in African Americans with hypertensive CKD. There were 639 participants in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Cohort Study. The Short Form-36 was used to measure HRQOL. The Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale measured life satisfaction, the Beck Depression Inventory-II assessed depression, the Coping Skills Inventory-Short Form measured coping, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-16 was used to measure social support. The mean participant age was 60 years at enrollment, and men comprised 61% of participants. Forty-two percent reported a household income less than $15,000/year. Higher levels of social support, coping skills, and life satisfaction were associated with higher HRQOL, whereas unemployment and depression were associated with lower HRQOL (P < 0.05). A significant positive association between higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was observed with the Physical Health Composite (PHC) score (P = 0.004) but not in the Mental Health Composite (MHC) score (P = 0.24). Unemployment was associated with lower HRQOL, and lower eGFR was associated with lower PHC. African Americans with hypertensive CKD with better social support and coping skills had higher HRQOL. This study demonstrates an association between CKD and low HRQOL, and it highlights the need for longitudinal studies to examine this association in the future.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. aporte3@uic.edu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Marino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charleston
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dowie
authors.forename: Marquetta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faulkner
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gassman
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hiremath
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kendrick
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kusek
authors.forename: Denyse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thornley-Brown
authors.forename: Xuelei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unruh
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lash
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D007182:Income; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology