title: The effect of fatigue on the timing of electrical stimulation-evoked muscle contractions in people with spinal cord injury.
abstract: This study investigated the activation dynamics of electrical stimulation-evoked muscle contractions performed by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose was to determine whether electrical stimulation (ES) firing patterns during cycling exercise should be altered in response to fatigue-induced changes in the time taken for force to rise and fall with ES. Seven individuals with SCI performed isometric contractions and pedaled a motorized cycle ergometer with stimulation applied to the quadriceps muscles. Both exercise conditions were performed for five minutes while the patterns of torque production were recorded. ES-evoked knee extension torque fell by 75% under isometric conditions, and the rate of force rise and decline decreased in proportion to torque (r = 0.91, r = 0.94, respectively). There was no change in the time for torque to rise to 50% of maximum levels. The time for torque to decline did increase slightly, but only during the first minute of exercise. Cycling power output fell approximately 50% during the five minutes of exercise, however, there was no change in the time taken for torque to rise or fall. The magnitude of ES-evoked muscle torques decline substantially with fatigue, however, the overall pattern of torque production remained relatively unchanged. These results suggest there is no need to alter stimulation firing patterns to accommodate fatigue during ES-evoked exercise.
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Sports Science and              Rehabilitation Research Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: Ché
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fornusek
authors.forename: Glen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Smith