title: Oral candidosis: characterization of a sample of recurrent infections and study of resistance determinants.
abstract: Recurrent oral candidosis is a common problem in immunocompromised patients, and it is frequently triggered by resistance induced by antifungal treatment. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which the yeast persists in the host could allow the management of this type of infection. This study used electrophoretic karyotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism based on the use of 27A probe to study 12 pairs of Candida albicans isolates from patients with recurrent candidosis to distinguish new infections from relapses caused by the same strain responsible for the first episode. Subsequently, RT-PCR was used to evaluate expression of CDR1, CDR2 and MDR1 genes, which are involved in C. albicans azole resistance, in the three pairs that consisted of variants of the same strain. Restriction polymorphism resulted in better discrimination than with karyotyping in defining differences between strains. In one case, RT-PCR allowed us to identify deregulation of efflux pump genes as the possible underlying mechanism in recurrent candidosis. The techniques employed resulted effective for the characterization of recurrent oral candidosis. Broader analysis could help to control better these infections and choose adequate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies of Institutions and Territorial Systems, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy. francesca.galle@uniparthenope.it
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallè
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanguinetti
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colella
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Onofrio
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torelli
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossano
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liguori
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000935:Antifungal Agents; C094693:CDR1 protein, Candida albicans; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D015725:Fluconazole; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases