title: The congenital cleft nipple and its surgical treatment.
abstract: Congenital variations of the shape and structure of the nipple lacks coverage in the medical literature. We present four cases of a specific and unique congenital nipple anomaly, the cleft nipple. Each woman had a normal contralateral breast and nipple-areola complex. Three of the four cases were corrected surgically with no complications experienced. Included in the discussion is a description of the techniques used in the corrective surgery and a review of the current literature on associated variations of normality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Floyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty; D009558:Nipples / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*