title: Cardiac output monitoring devices: an analytic review.
abstract: To evaluate cardiac output (CO), both invasive and semi-invasive monitors are used in critical care medicine. The pulmonary artery catheter is an invasive tool to assess CO with the major criticism that the level of its invasiveness is not supported by an improvement in patients' outcomes. The interest in a lesser invasive techniques is high. Therefore, alternative techniques have been developed recently, and are used frequently in critical care medicine. Cardiac output can be monitored continuously by different devices that analyze the stroke volume and CO. The purpose of this review is to understand these new technologies and their applications and limitations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, VA Western New York Healthcare System, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA. jahanpor@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Jahan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Porhomayon
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Solh
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papadakos
authors.forename: Nader Djalal
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Nader
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002309:Cardiology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium