title: Feasibility of prolonged continuous glucose monitoring in toddlers with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in very young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three children less than 4 yr of age with T1D were provided with a FreeStyle Navigator(®) (n = 21) or a Paradigm(®) (n = 2) CGM device. At baseline, mean age was 3.0 ± 0.8 yr, mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.0 ± 0.8%, 10 were using an insulin pump and 13 were on multiple daily injections. CGM use was evaluated over a 6-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three children dropped out of the study before the end of 6 months. Among the 20 children who completed 6 months of follow-up, CGM use in month 6 was ≥6 d/wk in 9 (45%), 4 ≤ 6 d/wk in 2 (10%), and <4 d/wk in 9 (45%). Skin reactions were minimal. Although there was no detectable change in mean HbA1c between baseline and 6 months (7.9 and 8.0%, respectively), there was a high degree of parental satisfaction with CGM as measured on the CGM satisfaction scale questionnaire. A high percentage of glucose values were in the hyperglycemic range, and biochemical hypoglycemia was infrequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than 40% of very young children were able to safely use CGM on a near-daily basis after 6 months. CGM demonstrated frequent hyperglycemic excursions, with a large variability in glucose readings. Although improvement in glycemic control was not detected in the group as a whole, parental satisfaction with CGM was high.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. direcnet@jaeb.org
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsalikian
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinzimer
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buckingham
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kollman
authors.forename: Dongyuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruedy
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D017060:Patient Satisfaction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin