title: Low-loading asymmetric organocatalysis.
abstract: Asymmetric organocatalysis is now recognized as the third pillar of asymmetric synthesis. Recent years have witnessed increasing interest towards the use of highly active and stereoselective organocatalysts. This critical review documents the advances in the development of chiral organocatalysts which are systematically used in ≤3 mol% loading in all the sub-areas of the field, namely aminocatalysis, Brønsted acids and bases, Lewis acids and bases, hydrogen bond-mediated catalysis, phase transfer and N-heterocyclic carbene catalyses (194 references).
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO) Sez. Chimica Organica E. Paternò, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giacalone
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gruttadauria
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agrigento
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noto
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals