title: [Detection of Cryptospordium spp. in environmental water samples by FTA-PCR].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a FTA-polymeras chain reaction (FTA-PCR) method in detection of Cryptospordium spp. in different sources of water.
  
  
  METHODS
  The semi automated immunomagnetic separation (IMS) of Cryptospordium oocysts in environmental water samples was performed firstly, and then genomic DNA of Cryptospordium oocysts was extracted by FTA filters disk. Oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the DNA fragment of the 18 S rRNA gene from C. parvum. Plate DNA was amplified with primers in PCR. The control DNA samples from Toxoplasma gondii,Sarcocystis suihominis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Clonorchis sinensis were amplified simultaneously. All PCR products were detected by agar electrophoresis dyed with ethidium bromide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 446 bp fragment of DNA was detected in all samples of C. parvum, C. andersoni, and C. baileyi, while it was not detected in control groups in laboratory. No positive samples were found from 10 samples collected from tape water in 5 districts of Shanghai City by FTA-PCR. Nine positive samples were detected totally from 70 different environmental water samples, there were 0 out of 15 samples from the source of tape water, 2 out of 25 from the Huangpu River, 5 out of 15 from rivers around the animal farmers, 1 out of 9 from output water of contaminating water treatment factory, 1 out of 6 from the out gate of living contaminating water. The 446 bp fragment was detected from all the amplified positive water samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FTA-PCR is an efficient method for gene detection of Cryptospordium oocysts, which could be used in detection of environmental water samples. The contamination degree of Cryptospordium oocysts in the river water around animal farms is high.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shou-Fu
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000469:parasitology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D033661:Oocysts; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D045483:Rivers / Q000469:parasitology; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D014867:Water