title: Mopeds: the legal loophole for repeat driving while intoxicated offenders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mopeds have less stringent licensing laws than automobiles. Moped operators in motorized vehicle collisions (MVCs) exhibit significantly higher rates of driving while intoxicated (DWI) and higher blood alcohol levels than automobile or motorcycle operators. This study evaluates the public safety issue of DWI recidivism among moped operators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Moped operators evaluated after MVCs were identified from 2007 to 2009. Demographics, hospital data, and Department of Motor Vehicles records were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five moped operators were evaluated. Thirty-two (49%) had a positive blood alcohol level, 29 (45%) had a previous DWI, and 21 (72%) of those were repeat offenders. Twenty-five (38%) had a revoked license at the time of injury. Of these, 19 (76%) incurred multiple revocations. Twenty-two (34%) showed prior charges of driving with a revoked license (DWRL), with 15 (68%) incurring multiple DWRL charges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moped operators are often intoxicated at the time of injury and represent a public safety hazard. The majority are recidivists with multiple alcohol-related traffic charges. Current laws allow repeat offenders the sustained opportunity to operate motorized vehicles. Re-evaluation of current moped laws is needed to keep habitual offenders off the road.
authors.affiliation: The F.H. Sammy Ross, Jr. Trauma Center, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
authors.forename: Rita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brintzenhoff
authors.forename: A Britton
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Christmas
authors.forename: Vaughn G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Braxton
authors.forename: Klint E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Janulis
authors.forename: Toan T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Sing
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D057237:Criminals / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009049:Motorcycles; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol