title: NMR-based characterization of the acute metabolic effects of weathered crude and dispersed oil in spawning topsmelt and their embryos.
abstract: Oil spill responders require information on the relative toxicity of dispersed and un-dispersed oil in order to make informed decisions regarding the use of chemical dispersants during spill events. Toxicity of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and the chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF; via the dispersant Corexit 9500) of weathered Prudhoe Bay crude oil was investigated using adult and embryonic topsmelt; topsmelt are an ecologically important atherinid in California bays and estuaries and an important indicator species. Following 96-h exposures, metabolite profiles were measured using 1D (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and compared via principal component analysis. Similar metabolic profiles were obtained between WAF- and CEWAF-exposed adults and embryos. Although metabolic changes, for the adults lacked significance, significant increasing and decreasing metabolic changes were observed for embryos directly exposed. Furthermore, no mortality was observed for embryos, exposed to WAF and normal development occurred, whereas CEWAF exposed embryos lead to mortality and cardiovascular abnormalities. Observed toxicological information, specifically for developing fish, can aide resource managers in the relative risk of treating oil spills with dispersant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. avanscoy@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: April R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Van Scoy
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Bryn M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voorhees
authors.forename: Marguerite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Haro
authors.forename: Marida J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sowby
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tjeerdema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry; D002140:California; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C470995:corexit 9500