title: Evaluation of wound-healing formulation against sulphur mustard-induced skin injury in mice.
abstract: Sulphur mustard (SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes cutaneous blisters in human and animals. Remedies to SM-induced dermatotoxicity are still in experimental stage. Due to inevitable requirement of a wound-healing formulation against SM-induced skin lesions, efficacy of formulations including povidone iodine, Aloe vera gel, betaine or framycetin sulphate was evaluated in present study. SM was applied percutaneously (5 mg/kg) once on back region of Swiss albino mice; and after 24 hours, DRDE/WH-02 (Defence Research and Development Establishment/ Wound Healant- 02, containing polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP], A. vera gel and betaine), Ovadine, Soframycin or A. vera gel were applied topically, daily for 3 or 7 days in different groups. Skin sections were subjected to histopathology, histomorphologic grading, tissue leukocytosis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry of inflammatory-reparative biomarkers. DRDE/WH-02 treated mice received highest score on the basis of histomorphologic scale and lowest number of TUNEL-positive cells compared to other groups. DRDE/WH-02 showed better wound healing as evidenced by widespread re-epithelialization, homogenous fibroplasias well supported by the expression of transforming growth factor-α, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and fibroblast growth factor. Upregulation of interleukin 6 in DRDE/WH-02-treated mice skin resulted in increased tissue leukocytosis and an early removal of tissue debris that initiated reparative process at faster rate compared to other groups. In conclusion, DRDE/WH-02 provided better healing effect and can be recommended as an effective wound healant against SM-induced skin injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lomash
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pant
mesh_terms: D000504:Aloe; D000818:Animals; D001622:Betaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005601:Framycetin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005782:Gels / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D001622:Betaine; D005601:Framycetin; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; D009151:Mustard Gas