title: Bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
abstract: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2011 to Jules Hoffmann, Bruce Beutler, and the late Ralph Steinman recognizes accomplishments in understanding and unifying the two strands of immunology, the evolutionarily ancient innate immune response and modern adaptive immunity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA. wpaul@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000266:history; D000818:Animals; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009613:Nobel Prize; D010827:Physiology / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States