title: Molecular spectrum of somaclonal variation in regenerated rice revealed by whole-genome sequencing.
abstract: Somaclonal variation is a phenomenon that results in the phenotypic variation of plants regenerated from cell culture. One of the causes of somaclonal variation in rice is the transposition of retrotransposons. However, many aspects of the mechanisms that result in somaclonal variation remain undefined. To detect genome-wide changes in regenerated rice, we analyzed the whole-genome sequences of three plants independently regenerated from cultured cells originating from a single seed stock. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (indels) were detected in the genomes of the regenerated plants. The transposition of only Tos17 among 43 transposons examined was detected in the regenerated plants. Therefore, the SNPs and indels contribute to the somaclonal variation in regenerated rice in addition to the transposition of Tos17. The observed molecular spectrum was similar to that of the spontaneous mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the base change ratio was estimated to be 1.74 × 10(-6) base substitutions per site per regeneration, which is 248-fold greater than the spontaneous mutation rate of A. thaliana.
authors.affiliation: Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. miyao@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyao
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagome
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayose
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirochika
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D006720:Homozygote; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D059645:Mutation Rate; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements