title: Cross-reactivities of various phenethylamine-type designer drugs to immunoassays for amphetamines, with special attention to the evaluation of the one-step urine drug test Instant-View™, and the Emit® assays for use in drug enforcement.
abstract: Cross-reactivities of 76 kinds of phenethylamine-type designer drugs and related compounds to the urine drug tests Instant-View ™ (IV) (the Methamphetamine (MA) test, the Amphetamine 300 test, and the MDMA test) have been investigated. An on-site urine test kit consisting of these three IV tests has been evaluated for the on-site screening of MA users, and the kit has been found to have satisfactory specificity for drug enforcement purposes by separately detecting both MA and its metabolite amphetamine. The cross-reactivity profiles of Emit(®) II Plus Amphetamines Assay, Emit(®) II Plus Ecstasy assay, and Emit(®) d.a.u.(®) Amphetamine Class assay have also been investigated and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-3-18 Hommachi, Chuo-ward, Osaka 541-0053, Japan. keikonakanishi@office.zaq.jp
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaitsu
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katagi
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsuno
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchihashi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D015198:Designer Drugs; D017248:Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D015198:Designer Drugs; D010627:Phenethylamines; C029261:phenethylamine