title: Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells on 3D poly (D, L-lactic acid) scaffolds versus 2D cultures.
abstract: In this study, a highly porous poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) scaffold was designed and fabricated using dioxane and thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) methods (liquid-liquid and solid-liquid). Additionally, we characterized the ability of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into neural cells in PDLLA scaffold with uniform porosity, interconnectivity, and high porosity, and then compared them with cells seeded under conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions. Histochemistry staining showed the migration of differentiated cells through the scaffold. Immunofluorescence analysis of the differentiated cells by counting positive cells revealed that the PDLLA scaffold resulted in a significantly greater number of neural markers, microtubule associated protein-2, ß-tubulin III, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (the astrocyte marker) when compared to those in 2D culture condition. Moreover, the expression of Nestin, Mash1, Pax6, and HB9 increased significantly in 3D scaffolds when compared with 2D cultures as detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Scanning electron microscopy of differentiated neurons on scaffolds also demonstrated favorable results for neurite outgrowth. The results of this study demonstrated a promising effect of 3D scaffold culture for neural cell differentiation from ESCs in prospective tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zare-Mehrjardi
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Khorasani
authors.forename: Katayoun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hemmesi
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirzadeh
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.forename: Behrouz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sadatnia
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatami
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiani
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barzin
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baharvand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid