title: Novel flavonoids with antioxidant activity from a Chenopodiaceous plant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Wats (Chenopodiaceae) is a wild plant which is in use by Bedouin in treatment of general fatigue, therefore, there is a need to explore the potential antioxidant activity of the extracts and isolated compounds of this plant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Column chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were used for isolation and identification of the compounds. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using the ABTS(•+) (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethyl-bezthiazoine-6-sulphuric acid) radical scavenging model. Liver and kidney functions were investigated after oral administration of total alcohol, successive extracts, and isolated compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two new flavonoids, quercetin-6,4'-dimethoxy-3-fructo-rhamnoside 1 and quercetin-4'-methoxy-3-fructo-rhamnoside 2 in addition to five known compounds (kaempferol-4'-methoxy-3-rutinoside 3, kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside 4, kaempferol-3,7-O,O-dirhamnoside 5, quercetin 6, and kaempferol 7) were isolated. Oral administration of total ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed no signs of toxicity up to (5 g/kg. b.wt.). All extracts and isolated compounds showed varied antioxidant activity ranged from 129 to 952 µmol Trolox equivalent/gram dry weight with maximum level for the two new isolated flavonoids (985 and 895 µmol Trolox equivalent/gram dry weight). Animals received both total ethanol and n-butanol extracts showed a significant increase in ALT, AST, blood urea, and serum creatinine levels.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. amaniawaad@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Amani S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Awaad
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Maitland
authors.forename: Abd El Raheim M
authors.initials: Ael R
authors.lastname: Donia
authors.forename: Saleh I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Alqasoumi
authors.forename: Gamal A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Soliman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D027466:Atriplex / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts