title: [Historical studies on the origins of pharmaceutical sciences in Hyuga (Miyazaki). (Part 10)--students from Hyuga (Miyazaki) who studied under Sanyou Rai in Osaka and Toyou Yamawaki in Kyoto during the late Edo period].
abstract: This paper is part 10 of a historical article on young students from Hyuga who went to Osaka or Kyoto to study in the Edo period. The article investigates the influence of these students on medical and pharmaceutical sciences in the Hyuga, which is now Miyazaki-Prefecture. The knowledge in this area is limited, thus, we aimed to examine and summarize the historical events. It was found that seven students, Bunchu Niizuma, Shikan Kai, Kaneo Niizuma, Ritsukei Shiraishi, Bunkichi Maki, Genzou Katayose and Buntetsu Kai, studied under Sanyou Rai in Osaka, and two students, Zusho Hayakawa and Chikanaga Nyuta-Motonaka, studied under Toyou Yamawaki in Kyoto. Both Kaneo Niizuma and Zusho Hayakawa participated in the foundation of the medical school called "Meidou-kan" at Nobeoka in 1857 before the Meiji Restoration in 1868.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino-machi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Cheng Bing
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishi
mesh_terms: D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D007564:Japan; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000266:history*