title: A prospective, randomized, triple-blind comparison of articaine and bupivacaine for maxillary infiltrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical anesthetic efficacy of 0.5% bupivacaine and 4% articaine (both with 1:200.000 adrenaline) for anterior maxillary infiltration in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A triple-blind split-mouth randomized clinical trial was carried out in 20 volunteers. A supraperiosteal buccal injection of 0.9 ml of either solution at the apex of the lateral incisor was done in 2 appointments separated 2 weeks apart. The following outcome variables were measured: latency time, anesthetic efficacy (dental pulp, keratinized gingiva, alveolar mucosa and upper lip mucosa and tissue) and the duration of anesthetic effect. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored during the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latency time recorded was similar for both anesthetic solutions (p>0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of anesthetic efficacy for dental pulp, keratinized gingiva or alveolar mucosa. Articaine had a significant higher proportion of successful anesthesia at 10 minutes after infiltration in lip mucosa and lip skin (p=0.039). The duration of anesthesia was 336 minutes for bupivacaine and 167 minutes for articaine. (p<0.001). No significant hemodynamic alterations were noted during the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Articaine and bupivacaine exhibited similar anesthetic efficacy for maxillary infiltrations. The duration of anesthesia was longer with the bupivacaine solution, but lip anesthesia was better with articaine.
authors.affiliation: Centro Médico Teknon, Instituto de Investigación IDIBELL, C/ Vilana n 12, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vílchez-Pérez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sancho-Puchades
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valmaseda-Castellón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paredes-García
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berini-Aytés
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gay-Escoda
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine