title: Spanish and English language performance in bilingual children with cochlear implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the factors that influence oral language performance in Spanish and English bilingual children with a cochlear implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a repeated measures paradigm within a child, correlation and regression were used to analyze 4 factors that influence both Spanish and English receptive and expressive vocabulary, overall language skills, and articulation accuracy. The factors were age, duration of implantation, communication mode (total versus oral), and the amount of Spanish spoken at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve children between the ages of 49 and 106 months who had received a cochlear implant before 36 months. All subjects scored within the normal range of the nonverbal IQ Leiter test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spanish and English, receptive and expressive vocabulary, semantic and syntactic language skills, and articulation skills were measured using standardized tests, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV, the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody, the Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test and Preschool Language Scale-IV, and the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-2. The amount of Spanish spoken at home was obtained via parental questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The raw scores of English language skills increased with increasing age and duration of implantation. Spanish skills were higher for higher Spanish spoken scores, and this effect was stronger when children were using oral communication mode. Lastly, oral communication mode had a positive effect on articulation accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, duration of implantation, the amount of home language use, and communication mode influenced the overall language skills for Spanish and English bilingual children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, EWHA Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. sunyim@ewha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Dongsun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003142:Communication; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital / Q000628:therapy; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012660:Semantics; D013030:Spain; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D014825:Vocabulary