title: Compensatory brain activation in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder during a simplified Go/No-go task.
abstract: Given that a number of recent studies have shown attenuated brain activation in prefrontal regions in children with ADHD, it has been recognized as a disorder in executive function. However, fewer studies have focused exclusively on the compensatory brain activation in ADHD. The present study objective was to investigate the compensatory brain activation patterns during response inhibition (RI) processing in ADHD children. In this study, 15 ADHD children and 15 sex-, age-, and IQ-matched control children were scanned with a 3-T MRI equipment while performing a simplified letter Go/No-go task. The results showed more brain activation in the ADHD group compared with the control group, whereas the accuracy and reaction time of behavioral performance were the same. Children with ADHD did not activate the normal RI brain circuits, which are thought to be predominantly located in the right middle/inferior frontal gyrus (BA46/44), right inferior parietal regions (BA40), and pre-SMA(BA6), but instead, activated brain regions, such as the left inferior frontal cortex, the right inferior temporal cortex, the right precentral gyrus, the left postcentral gyrus, the inferior occipital cortex, the middle occipital cortex, the right calcarine, the right hippocampus, the right midbrain, and the cerebellum. Our conclusion is that children with ADHD tend to compensatorily use more posterior and diffusive brain regions to sustain normal RI function.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678# Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Du
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Xingming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*