title: Implant-Driven Tibial Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Refractory Overactive Bladder Syndrome: 12-Month Follow-up.
abstract: Objectives.  To investigate feasibility and safety of implant-driven tibial nerve stimulation. Materials and Methods.  Eight patients with refractory overactive bladder were successfully treated with implanted percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS). Patients were evaluated with bladder diaries, quality of life questionnaires, and physical examination before implantation, and at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. The primary objective was ≥ 50% reduction of the number of incontinence episodes and/or voids on bladder diary. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used. Results.  At 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively five, six, and four patients met the primary objective. At 3- and 6-month follow-up, voiding and quality of life parameters had significantly (p < 0.05) improved. Urinary tract infection, temporarily walking difficulties, and spontaneous radiating sensations were reported as adverse events and no local infection, erosion, or dislocation. Conclusions.  Implant-driven tibial nerve stimulation seems to be feasible and safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen;              Department of Urology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem;              Department of Urology, Free University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Floor
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van der Pal
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van Balken
authors.forename: John P F A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Heesakkers
authors.forename: Frans M J
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Debruyne
authors.forename: Bart L H
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bemelmans