title: Effect of vanadium chloroperoxidase on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to explore the antimicrobial effect of vanadium chloroperoxidase (VCPO) reaction products on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms of 4 different strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four-hour biofilms of E. faecalis strains V583, ER5/1, E2, and OS-16 were incubated in mixtures with VCPO, halide (either bromide or chloride), and hydrogen peroxide. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed by colony-forming unit counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VCPO reaction products had a similar efficacy in reducing the viability of the 4 strains of E. faecalis (94%; range, 87%-100%). Bromide as the halogen of choice was more effective on E. faecalis strains E2 and OS-16, as compared with chloride (Mann-Whitney U test; P < .05). Despite different quantities of produced biofilms by the 4 strains, VCPO treatment was similarly effective toward all strains (Kruskal-Wallis test; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCPO treatment results in an antimicrobial effect toward in vitro E. faecalis biofilms and might provide an addition to current endodontic treatment, possibly as an antimicrobial dressing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. i.persoon@acta.nl
authors.forename: Ilona F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Persoon
authors.forename: Michel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hoogenkamp
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bury
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wesselink
authors.forename: Aloysius F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hartog
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wever
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Crielaard
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D001965:Bromides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002711:Chloride Peroxidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001965:Bromides; D002712:Chlorides; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C418625:vanadium chloroperoxidase; D002711:Chloride Peroxidase