title: Vertebral column resection in children with neuromuscular spine deformity.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine, in pediatric patients with neuromuscular deformity undergoing vertebral column resection (VCR), the (1) characteristics of the surgery performed; (2) amount of pelvic obliquity restoration, and coronal and sagittal correction achieved; (3) associated blood loss and complications; and (4) extent to which curve type and VCR approach influenced correction, blood loss, and complications.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  VCR allows for correction of severe, rigid spinal deformity. This technique has not been previously reported in children with neuromuscular disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 23 children with neuromuscular disorders (mean age, 15 years) and spinal deformities (severe scoliosis, 9; global kyphosis or angular kyphosis, 4; kyphoscoliosis, 10) who underwent VCR. The Student t test was used to compare correction differences (statistical significance, P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean 1.5 vertebrae (27 thoracic and 6 lumbar) were resected per patient. Significant corrections were achieved in pelvic obliquity (11°, from 19° ± 13° to 8° ± 7°), in major coronal curve (56°, from 94° ± 36° to 38° ± 20°), and in major sagittal curve (46°, from 86° ± 37° to 40° ± 19°). There was no difference in correction between various curve types. VCR was associated with substantial blood loss (mean, 76% [estimated blood loss per total blood volume]), which correlated with patient weight and operating time. Overall, 6 patients experienced major complications: spinal cord injury, pleural effusion requiring chest tube insertion, pneumonia, pancreatitis, deep wound infection, and prominent implant requiring revision surgery. There were no deaths or permanent neurological injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCR achieved significant pelvic obliquity restoration and coronal and sagittal correction in children with neuromuscular disorders and severe, rigid spinal deformity. However, this challenging procedure involves the potential for major complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. ehenze1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sponseller
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Lawrence G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lenke
authors.forename: Suken A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sucato
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Emans
authors.forename: Peter O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult