title: Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis             in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.
abstract: Diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease             and high fish intake has been associated with vascular health in population studies.             However, intervention studies have been inconclusive. In this study, male low-density             lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were given 16-week high fat/high sucrose diets,             supplemented with either minced herring fillets or minced beef. The diets were             matched in total fat and cholesterol content; taurine content and fatty acid composition             was analysed. Body weights were recorded throughout the study; plasma lipids were             analysed at week 8 and 16. Body composition and adipocyte size were evaluated             at study end. Atherosclerosis was evaluated at week 12 (ultrasound) and at termination             (en face histology). Herring-fed mice had a higher proportion of long-chain n-3             polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hepatic triacylglycerides (TAG) and phospholipid             fractions. The herring-fed mice had increased body weight (P=0.007), and reduced             epididymal adipocyte size (P=0.009), despite similar food intake and body composition             as the beef-fed mice. The herring-fed mice had lower plasma TAG and very-low-density             lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol concentrations throughout the study (TAG; P=0.0012             and 0.004, VLDL-cholesterol; P=0.006 and 0.041, week 8 and 16, respectively).             At week 16, the herring-fed had higher plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol             (P=0.004) and less atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch (P=0.007) compared             with the beef-fed mice. In conclusion, dietary herring in comparison to beef markedly             improved vascular health in this mouse model, suggesting that herring provides             an added value beyond its content of macronutrients.
authors.affiliation: Food Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. brittg@chalmers.se
authors.forename: Britt G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gabrielsson
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wikström
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakubowicz
authors.forename: Sofia K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Marmon
authors.forename: Nils-Gunnar
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Undeland
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lönn
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmäng
authors.forename: Ann-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sandberg
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D048429:Cell Size; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005399:Fishes; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008820:Mice, Obese; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D011973:Receptors, LDL