title: Vertical bone augmentation with simultaneous dental implantation using crestal biomaterial rings: a rabbit animal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ceramic biomaterial blocks like hydroxyl apatite are too brittle for simple simultaneous vertical augmentation and dental implant placement. Biological scaffolds of xenogenic or allogenic origin are known to be advantageous.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was the proof of principle for combined vertical bone augmentation and dental implantation with marginal cuffs made of biological scaffolds with interconnecting porous system and titanium dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cylindrical porcine biomaterial rings (processed, mineralized bone matrix) were placed in combination with titanium dental implants in the tibia model using six chinchilla bastard rabbits (n = 12 samples). Histological examination included undecalcified histological examination with toluidine blue staining and fluorescence microscopy. Animals were sacrificed after 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed bony healing in the scaffolds with immature bone tissue ingrowth following the trabecular structure, showing lamellar cancellous bone healing. Fluorescence microscope showed analogous results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biological scaffold proved a biocompatibility in a xenogenic setting. The vertical bone augmentation with simultaneous implantation was successful and proved the feasibility of the concept.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany. draenert@floriandraenert.com
authors.forename: Florian G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Draenert
authors.forename: Peer W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kämmerer
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palarie
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D013552:Swine; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003764:Dental Materials; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014025:Titanium