title: Three faces of costal exostoses: case series and review of literature.
abstract: The 3 cases presented here involve 3 unusual and different complications of costal exostoses: spontaneous hemothorax, pneumothorax, and pericardial effusion. All of the cases presented with chest pain to the emergency department. Two of the cases have hereditary multiple exostoses. All but one of the patients required surgical intervention. Complications of costal exostoses are rare, but hemothorax, pneumothorax, and pericardial effusions can occur.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Center for Children, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, NJ 07962, USA. assefad@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dagnachew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Assefa
authors.forename: Robyn C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Arthur B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Atlas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005097:Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015831:Osteochondroma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000209:etiology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology*; D012272:Ribs / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted