title: Oral squamous cell carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients: clinicopathological audit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most human immunodeficiency virus positive patients now have a longer life expectancy, with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, they are now at increased risk of developing a malignancy during their lives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the age at which oral squamous cell carcinoma presents in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, clinicohistopathological audit of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 200 human immunodeficiency virus positive patients, 16 (8 per cent) presented with oral squamous cell carcinoma (nine women and seven men; age range 18-43 years, mean age 31.7 years). The majority of patients (62.5 per cent) had stage III and IV disease (tumour-node-metastasis staging). There was a predilection for poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (using Broder's histopathological classification).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection appears to present at a relatively young age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Kenya. fawzia_butt@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: F M A
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chindia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D017668:Age of Onset; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020276:HIV Long-Term Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult