title: A phylogeny of the northern temperate leafy liverwort genus Scapania (Scapaniaceae, Jungermanniales).
abstract: Scapania is a northern temperate genus with a few disjunctions in the south. Despite receiving considerable attention, the supraspecific classification of this genus remains unsatisfactorily solved. We use three molecular markers (nrITS, cpDNA trnL-F region, atpB-rbcL spacer) and 175 accessions belonging to 50 species (plus eight outgroup taxa) to estimate the phylogeny and to test current classification systems. Our data support the classification of Scapania into six rather than three subgenera, rearrangements within numerous sections, and inclusion of Macrodiplophyllum microdontum. Scapania species with a plicate perianth form three early diverging lineages; the most speciose subgenus, Scapania s.str., represents a derived clade. Most morphological species concepts are supported by the molecular topologies but classification of sect. Curtae requires further study. Southern lineages are nested in northern hemispheric clades. Palearctic-Nearctic distribution ranges are supported for several species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. jheinri@uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrichs
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bombosch
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Feldberg
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kreier
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hentschel
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Rui-Liang
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäfer-Verwimp
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: A Jonathan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Váňa
mesh_terms: D018744:DNA, Plant; D035926:Hepatophyta / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant