title: An evaluation of a national program to implement the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia into routine practice in aged care facilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Screening tools have been recommended for use in aged care to improve the detection and treatment of depression. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a program for the routine implementation of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in Australian facilities, to determine whether use of the instrument by nurses led to further monitoring of depressive symptoms, medical referral, and changes in treatments prescribed for depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A file review was completed for 412 participants out of a total of 867 older people (47.5%) who resided in ten aged care facilities. The review examined Cornell Scale assessment data, medication charts, medical history, nursing progress notes, and resident care plans. Nursing staff who administered the Cornell Scale to each participant were also interviewed, and ten facility managers took part in an interview to determine barriers to the effective implementation of the instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cornell Scale had been administered to 46.8% of the sample in the previous 12 months, with 25% of these participants scoring 9-13 and 27% scoring 14 and above. Less than one third of the residents with high scores were monitored by the staff following the assessment. Only 18% of residents with high scores were referred for further assessment of depression, while 10% received a treatment change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of a protocol for responding to high Cornell Scale scores limited the potential of this program to result in widespread improved treatment of depressed older people. The use of the Cornell Scale by aged care nurses with limited training raised concern.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. tanya.davison@deakin.edu.au
authors.forename: Tanya E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Snowdon
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: Marita P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.forename: Gery
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karantzas
authors.forename: Janelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires