title: Outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery compared with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in elderly patients with moderate-size kidney stones: a matched-pair analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in elderly patients with stones of moderate size.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2008 and June 2011, a total of 28 patients over 65 years of age with single renal stones that measured 1.5 to 3 cm were treated with RIRS. The outcomes of these patients were compared with those of the patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using matched-pair analysis (1:1 scenario). The matching parameters were the size and location of the stone as well as age, sex, body mass index, degree of hydronephrosis, presence of previous shockwave lithotripsy, and open surgery. SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stone-free rates after a single procedure were achieved in 82.1% of patients for the RIRS and 92.8% of patients for the PCNL group. The second flexible ureterorenoscopy procedure was performed for five patients in the RIRS group. Finally, stone-free rates during the third month of the follow-up period were 92.8% in the RIRS group and 96.4% in the PCNL group. The mean operative time per patient was 64.5 ± 20.9 minutes in the RIRS group after a total of 33 procedures, while it was 40.7 ± 10.7 minutes in the PCNL groups (P<0.0001). The overall complication rates for the RIRS and PCNL groups were 7.1% and 10.7%, respectively. Blood transfusions were needed in two patients in the PCNL group. Hospitalization time was significantly shorter in the RIRS group (26.5 ± 10.6 h per patient vs 60.0 ± 28.8 h; P<0.0001). In both groups, stones were most frequently composed of calcium oxalate (68.4% in the RIRS group and 77.7% in the PCNL group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RIRS has a low complication rate and represents a safe and effective treatment alternative in selected geriatric patients with kidney stones of moderate size.
authors.affiliation: Haseki Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey. takman36@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binbay
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugurlu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaba
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozgor
authors.forename: Ahmet Yaser
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Muslumanoglu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome