title: Automatic telangiectasia analysis in dermoscopy images using adaptive critic design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Telangiectasia, tiny skin vessels, are important dermoscopy structures used to discriminate basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from benign skin lesions. This research builds off of previously developed image analysis techniques to identify vessels automatically to discriminate benign lesions from BCCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A biologically inspired reinforcement learning approach is investigated in an adaptive critic design framework to apply action-dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) for discrimination based on computed features using different skin lesion contrast variations to promote the discrimination process. Lesion discrimination results for ADHDP are compared with multilayer perception backpropagation artificial neural networks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study uses a data set of 498 dermoscopy skin lesion images of 263 BCCs and 226 competitive benign images as the input sets. This data set is extended from previous research [Cheng et al., Skin Research and Technology, 2011, 17: 278]. Experimental results yielded a diagnostic accuracy as high as 84.6% using the ADHDP approach, providing an 8.03% improvement over a standard multilayer perception method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have chosen BCC detection rather than vessel detection as the endpoint. Although vessel detection is inherently easier, BCC detection has potential direct clinical applications. Small BCCs are detectable early by dermoscopy and potentially detectable by the automated methods described in this research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Stoecker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hinton
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D046169:Dermoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*