title: Comparison of acute toxicity of ketoprofen to juvenile and embryonic stages of Danio rerio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ketoprofen is a common human medicine from a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which is provably detected in surface waters in concentrations ordinarily in μg.L-1. The aim of this study was to compare the acute toxicity of ketoprofen to embryonic and juvenile stages of aquarium fish - zebrafish (Danio rerio).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tests were performed according to the methods of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) No. 203 (Fish, acute toxicity test) and OECD No. 212 (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed (mean ± SD) LC50 value of ketoprofen to be 632.30 ± 10.10 mg.L-1 in juvenile zebrafish and 6.44 ± 2.22 mg.L-1 in embryonic stages of zebrafish. The results revealed statistically significantly higher sensitivity (p<0.01) of the embryonic stages of zebrafish to ketoprofen compared to its juveniles. The susceptibility of embryos depends on many factors, especially yet improperly developed enzymatic system in embryos, different ways of the absorption of the substance into the organism or differences in metabolism pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The acute toxicity of ketoprofen for juvenile stages of zebrafish is low, but the substance seems to be toxic for embryonic stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. epraskova@vfu.cz
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Praskova
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Voslarova
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Siroka
authors.forename: Stanislava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macova
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plhalova
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bedanova
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marsalek
authors.forename: Vladimira
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pistekova
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Svobodova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007660:Ketoprofen