title: The effect of nitroglycerin on hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic low anterior resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More laparoscopic low anterior resections (LAR) are being performed in recent years. There has been controversy around the hemodynamic changes affected by the Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum during LAR. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of nitroglycerin (NTG) on hemodynamic changes during LAR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty ASA physical status I-II patients undergoing LAR were randomized into two groups: the NTG infused group (N group, n = 20) and the control group (C group, n = 20). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane at 1-3 vol%, air/oxygen (50%/50%) and continuous infusion with remifentanil. The N group patients were given 0.5 µg/kg/min of NTG during anesthesia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were assessed 10 min after induction (T1), 5 min after pneumoperitoneum in the supine position (T2), 10 min after pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position (T3), 30 min after pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position (T4), 1 hr after pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position (T5) in addition to 5 (T6), 10 (T7) and 30 min (T8) after removal of the pneumoperitoneum in the supine position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increases of MAP were milder in the N group (22.6-7.3%) than the C group (32.3-17.7%) during pneumoperitoneum and while in the Trendelenburg position. The significant decreases of HR were maintained in the C group, but the changes in HR were not significant in N group during the operation. The increases in CVP were less in N group than C group. The increases of SVR were milder in N group (19.4-1.4%) than C group (41.7-16.6%) during pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative NTG infusions were effective to some degree in reducing the hemodynamic changes during pneumoperitoneum with Trendelenburg positioning for LAR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Soo Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Sil
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Chi Bum
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: In
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi