title: Aquaporin-4 expression is not elevated in mild hydrocephalus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aquaporin-4 (aqp-4) is a member of water channel family proteins primarily expressed in the central nervous system. Physiologically it is the main channel providing water transport into the nervous system water compartments and across the blood-brain barrier. Several studies demonstrated its compensatory role in severe hydrocephalus. However, its role is not clear during the initial stages of hydrocephalus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate aqp-4 expression in less severe forms of hydrocephalus and to determine its role in disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five male Wistar-Hannover rats, were distributed into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 5) groups. Hydrocephalus was induced in the experimental group by injection of 5 μl 25% kaolin suspension into the cisterna magna. Control animals received an injection of 5 μl normal saline. Eight weeks later, the animals were killed by the perfusion-fixation method. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventricular dilatations were noted in all experimental animals. Both groups demonstrated positive immunoreactive signals to aqp-4. Immunohistochemically there were no changes in aqp-4 pattern and expression intensity between experimental and control animals. Similarly, Western blot analysis revealed mean aqp-4 values in experimental and control groups as 0.3436 and 0.3917, respectively, and the difference did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that aqp-4 is not up-regulated during the initial stages of hydrocephalus. This implies that aqp-4 may not play a significant role in hydrocephalus compensation until severe ventricular dilatation occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, USA. kamranag@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aghayev
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Tural
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahimli
authors.forename: Melike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mut
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vrionis
authors.forename: Nejat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akalan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C496032:Aqp4 protein, rat; D051401:Aquaporin 4