title: 1. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental                     factors in the UK in 2010.
abstract: The overall objective of the study is to estimate the percentage of cancers                     (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in the UK in 2010 that were the result of                     exposure to 14 major lifestyle, dietary and environmental risk factors: tobacco,                     alcohol, four elements of diet (consumption of meat, fruit and vegetables, fibre                     and salt), overweight, lack of physical exercise, occupation, infections,                     radiation (ionising and solar), use of hormones and reproductive history (breast                     feeding). The number of new cases attributable to suboptimal exposure levels in                     the past, relative to a theoretical optimum exposure distribution, is evaluated.                     For most of the exposures, the attributable fraction was calculated based on the                     distribution of exposure prevalence (around 2000), the difference from the                     theoretical optimum (by age group and sex) and the relative risk per unit                     difference. For tobacco smoking, the method developed by Peto et al (1992) was used, which relies on the ratio                     between observed incidence of lung cancer in smokers and that in non-smokers, to                     calibrate the risk. This article outlines the structure of the supplement                     - a section for each of the 14 exposures, followed by a Summary chapter,                     which considers the relative contributions of each factor to the total number of                     cancers diagnosed in the UK in 2010 that were, in theory, avoidable.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK. d.m.parkin@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Parkin
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004777:Environment; D004782:Environmental Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology