title: Voluntary medical male circumcision: an introduction to the cost, impact, and challenges of accelerated scaling up.
abstract: Scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention is cost saving and creates fiscal space in the future that otherwise would have been encumbered by antiretroviral treatment costs. An investment of US$1,500,000,000 between 2011 and 2015 to achieve 80% coverage in 13 priority countries in southern and eastern Africa will result in net savings of US$16,500,000,000. Strong political leadership, country ownership, and stakeholder engagement, along with effective demand creation, community mobilisation, and human resource deployment, are essential. This collection of articles on determining the cost and impact of VMMC for HIV prevention signposts the way forward to scaling up VMMC service delivery safely and efficiently to reap individual- and population-level benefits.
authors.affiliation: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. hankinsc@unaids.org
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hankins
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forsythe
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Njeuhmeli
mesh_terms: D000351:Africa, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D000353:Africa, Southern / Q000453:epidemiology; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*