title: Effect of Coriolus versicolor supplemented diet on innate immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus against Listonella anguillarum.
abstract: The effect of Coriolus versicolor extract supplemented diets on innate immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus against Listonella anguillarum, is reported. Kelp grouper were divided into four groups of 25 each and fed with C. versicolor enriched diets at 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1.0% level. After 30 days of feeding, all fish were injected interaperitoneally (i.p.) with 50 μl of L. anguillarum (4.7 × 10(7) CFU) to investigate the immune parameters at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production were significantly enhanced in fish fed with 0.1% and 1.0% supplementation diets from weeks 1-4 when compared to the non enriched diet fed and infected control. The phagocytic activity significantly increased with 0.1% and 1.0% diets on weeks 2 and 4. The leucocyte myeloperoxidase content, lysozyme activity, and total protein level significantly increased when fed with 0.1% and 1.0% supplementation diets from weeks 1-4. The cumulative mortality was 35% and 45% in 1.0% and 0.1% enriched diet fed groups whereas it was 55% and 80% in 0.01% and 0% groups respectively. The present results suggest that diets enriched with C. versicolor at 0.1% or 1.0% level positively enhance the innate immune system and affords protection from L. anguillarum.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea. rhari123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Man-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D053526:Listonella / Q000276:immunology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009195:Peroxidase; D009113:Muramidase