title: With the past behind and the future ahead: back-to-front representation of past and future sentences.
abstract: Several studies support the psychological reality of a mental timeline that runs from the left to the right and may strongly affect our thinking about time. Ulrich and Maienborn (Cognition 117:126-138, 2010) examined the linguistic relevance of this timeline during the processing of past- and future-related sentences. Their results indicate that the timeline is not activated automatically during sentence comprehension. While no explicit reference of temporal expressions to the left-right axis has been attested (e.g., *the meeting was moved to the left), natural languages refer to the back-front axis in order to encode temporal information (e.g., the meeting was moved forward). Therefore, the present study examines whether a back-frontal timeline becomes automatically activated during the processing of past- and future-related sentences. The results demonstrate a clear effect on reaction time that emerges from a time-space association along the frontal timeline (Experiment 1). However, this activation seems to be nonautomatic (Experiment 2), rendering it unlikely that this frontal timeline is involved in comprehension of the temporal content of sentences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. ulrich@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eikmeier
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de la Vega
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruiz Fernández
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alex-Ruf
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maienborn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D032882:Comprehension; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D011930:Reaction Time; D011932:Reading; D012660:Semantics; D013850:Thinking; D013998:Time Perception; D055815:Young Adult