title: Clinical outcome of children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical course of children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis and to determine parameters correlated with the outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of medical records was carried out. The parameters at initial diagnosis and the last visit were collected including height standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS, ultrasonography of kidneys, serum electrolytes, urine electrolytes, urine calcium to urine creatinine ratio (urine Ca/Cr), serum creatinine, bicarbonate dosage and glomerular filtration rate estimated by Schwartz's formula (eGFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients were included with median follow-up time of 12 years (range 4.5 to 19 years). Median age at diagnosis was 3 years (range 0.25 to 9 years). At the last visit, median height SDS increased significantly from -3.1 to -0.8 (p = 0.04). Height SDS at the last visit correlated with age at diagnosis (r = -0.54, p = 0.038) and serum bicarbonate at the last visit (r = 0.68, p = 0.008). Moreover, at the last visit, eGFR correlated with urine Ca/Cr (r = -0.84, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After treatment, growth of patients improved satisfactorily. The outcomes were associated with age at diagnosis, compliance of bicarbonate therapy and urine Ca/Cr at the last visit.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kwanchai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pirojsakul
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tangnararatchakit
authors.forename: Wiwat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tapaneya-Olarn
mesh_terms: D000141:Acidosis, Renal Tubular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002021:Buffers; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002021:Buffers; D003404:Creatinine; D002118:Calcium