title: Glomerular hyperfiltration in prediabetes and prehypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to investigate the associations of hyperfiltration and hypofiltration with prediabetes and prehypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects included 99 140 people aged 20-89 years who underwent health checkups in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The prevalence of hyperfiltration [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) above the age-/sex-specific 95th percentile] and hypofiltration (eGFR below the age-/sex-specific 5th percentile) was compared among stages of prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose <100, 100-109, 110-125 and ≥126 mg/dL for no prediabetes, Stage 1 prediabetes, Stage 2 prediabetes and diabetes, respectively) and prehypertension [blood pressure (BP) <120/80, 120-129/80-84, 130-139/85-89 and ≥140/90 mmHg for no prehypertension, Stage 1 prehypertension, Stage 2 prehypertension and hypertension, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hyperfiltration increased with increasing stage of prediabetes [odds ratios (ORs): 1.29, 1.58 and 2.47 for Stage 1 prediabetes, Stage 2 prediabetes and diabetes, respectively] and prehypertension (ORs: 1.10, 1.33 and 1.52 for Stage 1 prehypertension, Stage 2 prehypertension and hypertension, respectively). Hypofiltration was not associated with prediabetes or prehypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of glomerular hyperfiltration increased with increasing stages of prediabetes and prehypertension. Therefore, kidney function should be monitored in subjects with prediabetes or prehypertension. In subjects with hyperfiltration, earlier treatment of hyperglycemia and high BP may be necessary to prevent the development of kidney damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. rieokada@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsushita
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamajima
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence