title: Plasma rich in growth factors promote gingival tissue regeneration by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and migration and by blocking transforming growth factor-β1-induced myodifferentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontitis involves inflammation and infection of the ligaments and bones that support the teeth. Gingival fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in periodontal tissue, and they play a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the tissue. Plasma rich in growth factors contain a pool of proteins and growth factors that promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. In the present study, we evaluate the potential of different formulations obtained with this approach to stimulate several biologic processes involved in wound healing, including fibroblast proliferation, migration, adhesion, and the autocrine release of some angiogenic factors and extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, the ability of this technology to prevent and inhibit transforming growth factor β1-induced myodifferentiation was also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell proliferation was evaluated through a colorimetric assay, cell migration was performed on culture inserts, and cell adhesion was studied through a fluorescence-based method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine some of the biomolecules released by gingival fibroblasts. Smooth muscle actin expression was assessed through immunofluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that plasma rich in growth factors significantly increased gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration, and cell adhesion on type I collagen matrix. In addition, it stimulated the autocrine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and hyaluronic acid. The myofibroblast phenotype, which is characterized by expressing α-smooth muscle actin, was inhibited and reverted by treating with this technology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that plasma rich in growth factors is capable of promoting regeneration of gingival connective tissue by stimulating some of the main processes involved in wound regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain. eduardoanitua@eduardoanitua.com
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anitua
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Troya
authors.forename: Gorka
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orive
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000187:drug effects; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid