title: Toxic cyanobacterial breakthrough and accumulation in a drinking water plant: a monitoring and treatment challenge.
abstract: The detection of cyanobacteria and their associated toxins has intensified in recent years in both drinking water sources and the raw water of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The objectives of this study were to: 1) estimate the breakthrough and accumulation of toxic cyanobacteria in water, scums and sludge inside a DWTP, and 2) to determine whether chlorination can be an efficient barrier to the prevention of cyanotoxin breakthrough in drinking water. In a full scale DWTP, the fate of cyanobacteria and their associated toxins was studied after the addition of coagulant and powdered activated carbon, post clarification, within the clarifier sludge bed, after filtration and final chlorination. Elevated cyanobacterial cell numbers (4.7 × 10(6)cells/mL) and total microcystins concentrations (up to 10 mg/L) accumulated in the clarifiers of the treatment plant. Breakthrough of cells and toxins in filtered water was observed. Also, a total microcystins concentration of 2.47 μg/L was measured in chlorinated drinking water. Cyanobacterial cells and toxins from environmental bloom samples were more resistant to chlorination than results obtained using laboratory cultured cells and dissolved standard toxins.
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique de Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. arash.zamyadi@polymtl.ca
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamyadi
authors.forename: Sherri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McQuaid
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dorner
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauvé
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prévost
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005068:Eutrophication; D005374:Filtration; D054879:Halogenation; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D052998:Microcystins; D002606:Charcoal; C078588:microcystin