title: Polymorphic variation in the GC and CASR genes and associations with vitamin D metabolite concentration and metachronous colorectal neoplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D levels and calcium intake have been associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia, and genetic variation in vitamin D pathway genes may affect circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations and/or risk for colorectal lesions. This study evaluated associations between polymorphic variation in the Gc-globulin (GC) and calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) and odds for metachronous colorectal neoplasia and vitamin D metabolite concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants from the Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) and Wheat Bran Fiber (WBF) trials (n = 1,439) were analyzed using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach, with a subset (n = 404) of UDCA trial participants for whom vitamin D metabolite concentrations were also available. A total of 25 GC and 35 CASR tagSNPs were evaluated using multiple statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal components analyses did not reveal gene-level associations between GC or CASR and colorectal neoplasia; however, a significant gene-level association between GC and 25(OH)D concentrations (P < 0.01) was observed. At the individual SNP level and following multiple comparisons adjustments, significant associations were observed between seven GC (rs7041, rs222035, rs842999, rs1155563, rs12512631, rs16846876, and rs1746825) polymorphisms and circulating measures of 25(OH)D (adjusted P < 0.01) and CASR SNP rs1042636 and proximal colorectal neoplasia (adjusted P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show a possible association between variation in CASR and odds of colorectal neoplasia as well as the potential role of variation in GC with circulating 25(OH)D concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional research is warranted to determine the mechanism of GC genotype in influencing 25(OH)D concentrations and to further elucidate the role of CASR in colorectal neoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. ehibler@azcc.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hibler
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jurutka
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C095550:CASR protein, human; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein; D014807:Vitamin D; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid