title: Usage and reported helpfulness of self-help strategies by adults with sub-threshold depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Informal self-help has the potential to reduce the population burden from sub-threshold forms of depression. Evaluating the effectiveness of self-help is difficult in controlled trials, but can be assessed with direct ratings by consumers. Depression experts have previously rated the likely effectiveness of self-help for sub-threshold depression but it is unclear whether the strategies are helpful in practice. We report ratings of the effectiveness of self-help as used by adults with sub-threshold depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  1326 adults with sub-threshold depression were recruited over the internet and completed questionnaires about their use of 26 self-help strategies for depression symptoms. Strategies that had been used were then assessed for their perceived helpfulness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reported strategy helpfulness tended to be consistent with expert ratings of likely helpfulness. Exercise or physical activity was rated as most helpful while spending time alone was rated as least helpful. There was little association at the sample level between how helpful a strategy was rated and how frequently it was used. This suggests that the use of self-help is not optimal at the population level. Limitations The sample was self-selected and frequency of use of self-help was self-rated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is room for improvement in the use of self-help through increasing the usage of strategies that are likely to be helpful and reducing the use of strategies that are unhelpful.
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. ajmorgan@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jorm
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mackinnon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care; D055815:Young Adult