title: [Cochleovestibular dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polygenic or multifactorial inheritance of chronic disorders (MICD) contribute to irreversible cochleovestibular impairment. Our aim was to determine the type and degree of cochleovestibular dysfunction (CVD) in patients with MICD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional. We studied 385 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia who were referred to Otorhinolaryngology Unit with hearing and vestibular symptoms. The auditory function was evaluated using conventional tonal audiometry and the vestibular function by electronystagmography. Duration of the disease and number of comorbidities, hearing thresholds at 125-8000 Hz pure tones, speech audiometry, oculomotor evaluation and thermal caloric tests were also analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 66.7% (95% CI, 61.8-73.4) of patients had 1 comorbidity; 27.7% (95% CI, 23.3-32.5) had 2 and 5.4% (95% CI, 3.4-8.2) had systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The mean age was 62 years (SD 12.9) and 57.1% were women. The majority showed obesity, physical inactivity and smoking (77.4%; 95% CI, 72.8-81.4). Cochlear dysfunction was more common than CVD (98.9%; 95% CI, 97.3-99.7 versus 36.1%; 95%CI, 31.2-41.1; P=.001). However, the presence of CVD was significant in patients over 60 years (χ(2)(tend), P≤.001, odds ratio: 6.43) and with MICD ≥11 years old (χ(2)(tend), P≤.001, odds ratio: 4.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cochlear dysfunction occurs in patients with MICD and the impact is greater than that of vestibular dysfunction. However, the age factor, duration and number of MICDs contribute to CVD. It is necessary to act on the MICDs and lifestyles to improve CVD.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Otorrinolaringología e Investigación Médica, Hospital General de Zona N(o). 89, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. estela hu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: María Estela
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Chávez-Delgado
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Granados
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosales-Cortés
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velasco-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D015984:Causality; D015834:Cochlear Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D014717:Vertigo / Q000453:epidemiology; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*