title: Simulation of haemodynamic flow in head and neck cancer chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, intra arterial chemotherapy has become an important component in head and neck cancer treatment. However, therapy success can vary significantly and consistent treatment guidelines are missing. The purpose of this study was to create a computer simulation of the chemical agent injection in the head and neck arteries to investigate the distribution and concentration of the chemical.
  
  
  METHODS
  Realistic three dimensional patient specific geometry was created from image scan data. Pulsatile blood flow, turbulence, the chemical agent injection via a catheter, and the mixture between blood and the chemical were then simulated through the arterial network by computational fluid dynamics software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show a consistent chemical distribution throughout all the arteries and this is ineffective. In addition, due to high wall shear stress and turbulence at the inner bifurcation wall, serious complications during the treatment could occur, for instance haemolysis or thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modelled catheter position is insufficient to provide a high chemical agent concentration in the desired tumour feeding artery, which is vital for therapy success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rhode
authors.forename: Manosh C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: Duncan F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents