title: Emerging technologies for making glycan-defined glycoproteins.
abstract: Protein glycosylation is a common and complex posttranslational modification of proteins, which expands functional diversity while boosting structural heterogeneity. Glycoproteins, the end products of such a modification, are typically produced as mixtures of glycoforms possessing the same polypeptide backbone but differing in the site of glycosylation and/or in the structures of pendant glycans, from which single glycoforms are difficult to isolate. The urgent need for glycan-defined glycoproteins in both detailed structure-function relationship studies and therapeutic applications has stimulated an extensive interest in developing various methods for manipulating protein glycosylation. This review highlights emerging technologies that hold great promise in making a variety of glycan-defined glycoproteins, with a particular emphasis in the following three areas: specific glycoengineering of host biosynthetic pathways, in vitro chemoenzymatic glycosylation remodeling, and chemoselective and site-specific glycosylation of proteins.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, United States. lwang@som.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Lai-Xi
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Lomino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D006224:Cricetinae; D004926:Escherichia coli; D015870:Gene Expression; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D059828:Plant Cells; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015003:Yeasts
chemical_list: D006001:Glycoconjugates; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011134:Polysaccharides