title: Differential blood lipid-lowering effects of alkylsulfonated chitosan             of different molecular weights in Syrian hamsters in vivo.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of alkylsulfonated chitosan of different molecular weights on intestinal lipid absorption, blood lipid profiles and circulating adhesion molecules. Syrian hamsters were fed an AIN-93G-based high‑fat diet (HFD) and were orally administered 5 or 10 mg/kg BW of oligomer (6 kDa) chitosan (OC), low‑molecular-weight (70 kDa) chitosan (LMC) or high‑molecular-weight (200 kDa) chitosan (HMC) four times per week for 12 weeks. Animals receiving 2.5 mg/kg BW lovastatin (LOVA) served as a positive control. The blood lipid profiles of these control animals revealed that all chitosans and LOVA significantly decreased total triglyceride, total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and very‑low‑density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol levels in a dose‑dependent manner compared to the HFD-fed controls (P<0.05). The blood lipid lowering effectiveness of the three chitosans followed the order of LMC>OC>HMC. Hamsters receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg LMC (P<0.05) exhibited an increase in fecal fat content. Immunoblot assay revealed that acyl‑coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) expression was suppressed in all chitosan-fed animals compared to the HFD-fed controls (P<0.05). These results suggest that chitosan effectively decreases blood lipid content, and its effectiveness depends on the molecular size of chitosan. The hypolipidemic effect of chitosan is partly attributed to its suppression of intestinal lipid absorption and hepatic ACAT-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian                     University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shan-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chi-Tsai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yueh-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yun-Shsan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chong-Kuei
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lii
authors.forename: Chien-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000478:Alkylation; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D006224:Cricetinae; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008970:Molecular Weight; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000097587:Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D048271:Chitosan; D002784:Cholesterol; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D008148:Lovastatin; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D000097587:Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2