title: Effects of uranium on crayfish Procambarus clarkii mitochondria and antioxidants responses after chronic exposure: what have we learned?
abstract: We examined the impacts of Uranium (U) on mitochondria and on the response of antioxidants in the gills and the hepatopancreas of crayfish Procambarus clarkii after long-term exposure (30 and 60 days) to an environmentally relevant concentration (30 μg U/L). The expression of mitochondrial genes (12s, atp6, and cox1), as well as the genes involved in oxidative stress responses (sod(Mn) and mt) were evaluated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX and GST) were also studied. U accumulation in organs induced changes in genes' expression. The evolution of these transcriptional responses and differences between gene expression levels at high and low doses of exposure were also discussed. This study demonstrated that, after long-term exposure, U caused a decrease in antioxidant activities and induced oxidative stress. A possible ROS-mediated U cytotoxic mechanism is proposed. Expression levels of the investigated genes can possibly be used as a tool to evaluate U toxicity and seem to be more sensitive than the enzymatic activities. However a multiple biomarker approach is recommended as the perturbed pathways and the mode of action of this pollutant are not completely understood.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, Bd 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Kaddissi
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legeay
authors.forename: Antonia Concetta
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilbin
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014501:Uranium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase