title: Social-cultural factors in end-of-life care in Belgium: a scoping of the research literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As end-of-life (EoL) care expands across Europe and the world, service developments are increasingly studied. The sociocultural context in which such changes take place, however, is often neglected in research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore sociocultural factors in EoL care in Belgium as represented by the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A scoping of the empirical research literature following a systematic search procedure with a focus on thematic analysis based on the literature findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches were carried out in eight electronic databases, five journals, reference lists, and grey literature (through September 2010). Articles informing about sociocultural issues in EoL care were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifteen original studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority (107) published between 2000 and 2010. Four major themes were: Setting; Caregivers; Communication; and Medical EoL Decisions (the largest category). Minority Ethnic Groups was an emerging theme. Gaps included: research in Wallonia and Brussels; the role and experiences of informal caregivers; issues of access to palliative care; and experiences of minority ethnic groups. There was a paucity of in-depth qualitative studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various sociocultural factors influence the provision of EoL care in Belgium. This country provides a unique opportunity to witness how euthanasia is put into practice when legalized, in a context where palliative care is also highly developed and where many health care institutions have Catholic affiliation, providing an important example to others. Attention to how the sociocultural context affects EoL care adds to the current evidence base of service provision, which is essential in the further development of EoL care.
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain. erinvwandrew@gmail.com
authors.forename: Erin V W
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Arantza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meñaca
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Higginson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pool
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gysels
mesh_terms: D001293:Attitude to Death; D001530:Belgium; D017028:Caregivers; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D036262:Empirical Research; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013727:Terminal Care