title: Relations of serum ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol to periodontal disease.
abstract: Low concentrations of serum anti-oxidants, including ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, are associated with higher risks of many inflammatory diseases that interrelate with oral health. The present study examined the longitudinal relationship of serum ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol to periodontal disease in 224 Japanese individuals, aged 71 yrs, for whom data were available for the years 1999-2007. Participants were classified by tertiles of serum ascorbic acid and of α-tocopherol. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as clinical attachment level (CAL), was recorded at baseline and annual follow-up examinations. The number of teeth with a loss of CAL ≥ 3 mm at any site over the study period was calculated as 'periodontal disease events'. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors of periodontal disease events, with serum ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol as the primary predictors of interest. The multivariate adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) in the highest, middle, and lowest tertiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.12 (1.01-1.26), and 1.30 (1.16-1.47) for ascorbic acid and 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (0.98-1.21), and 1.15 (1.04-1.28) for α-tocopherol, respectively. Our findings support the hypothesis that low serum levels of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol may be a risk factor for periodontal disease in Japanese elderly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan. masanori@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Manz
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003729:Dental Care; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014815:Vitamins; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid