title: Listening to music affects diurnal variation in muscle power output.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of listening to music while warming-up on the diurnal variations of power output during the Wingate test. 12 physical education students underwent four Wingate tests at 07:00 and 17:00 h, after 10 min of warm-up with and without listening to music. The warm-up consisted of 10 min of pedalling at a constant pace of 60 rpm against a light load of 1 kg. During the Wingate test, peak and mean power were measured. The main finding was that peak and mean power improved from morning to afternoon after no music warm-up (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). These diurnal variations disappeared for mean power and persisted with an attenuated morning-evening difference (p<0.05) for peak power after music warm-up. Moreover, peak and mean power were significantly higher after music than no music warm-up during the two times of testing. Thus, as it is a legal method and an additional aid, music should be used during warm-up before performing activities requiring powerful lower limbs' muscles contractions, especially in the morning competitive events.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chtourou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaouachi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hammouda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chamari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Souissi
mesh_terms: D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D009146:Music; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult