title: Increased TNF-α, IL-6 and decreased IL-1β immunohistochemical expression by the stromal spindle-shaped cells in the central giant cell granuloma of the jaws.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the expression of the osteoclastogenic cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were immunohistochemically evaluated in peripheral (PGCG) and central (CGCG) giant cell granulomas of the jaws in order to determine differences between these two lesions and between the two distinct tumor cell populations (multinucleated giant cells, MGCs and stromal spindle-shaped cells).
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 40 PGCG and 40 CGCG were immunohistochemically stained using antibodies against TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. The percentage of positively stained cells and the staining intensity were assessed to provide a combined immunoreactivity score value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were expressed in all lesions. The CGCG compared to the PGCG showed significantly increased expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased expression of IL-1β by the spindle-shaped cells and increased expression of IL-1β by the MGCs. The MGCs demonstrated in comparison to the stromal spindle-shaped cells significantly increased expression of all three cytokines in both PGCG and CGCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β seem to be involved in the growth process of PGCG and CGCG of the jaws. A possible alteration in the synthesis or/and activity of these cytokines by the stromal spindle cells in the CGCGs may enhance osteolysis through the stimulation of osteoclast progenitor cells, given the fact that the intraosseous lesions cause bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. peppyppncl@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chrysomali
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stylogianni
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donta
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlachodimitropoulos
mesh_terms: D006101:Granuloma, Giant Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha