title: High prescription drug use and associated costs among Medicaid-eligible children with autism spectrum disorders identified by a population-based surveillance network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed medication use and associated costs among 8- and 15-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) identified by the South Carolina Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (SCADDM) Network.
  
  
  METHODS
  All Medicaid-eligible SCADDM-identified children with ASD from surveillance years 2006 and 2007 were included (n = 263). Children were classified as ASD cases when documented behaviors consistent with the DSM-IV-TR criteria for autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified were present in health and education evaluation records. Medication and cost data were obtained by linking population-based and Medicaid data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 263 SCADDM-identified children had Medicaid data available; 56% (n = 147) had a prescription of any type, 40% (n = 105) used psychotropic medication, and 20% (n = 52) used multiple psychotropic classes during the study period. Common combinations were (1) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications and an antihypertensive, antidepressant or antipsychotic; and (2) antidepressants and an antipsychotic. Multiple psychotropic classes were more common among older children. Both the overall distribution of the number of prescription claims and medication costs varied significantly by age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results confirm that medication use in ASD, alone or in combination, is common, costly, and may increase with age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA. logans@musc.edu
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: Joyce S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Lydia B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garrett-Mayer
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Charles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D011159:Population Surveillance; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs