title: Acute clinical evaluation of a left ventricular automatic threshold determination algorithm based on evoked response sensing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Automatic pacing threshold (AT) testing may simplify device follow-up and improve device longevity. This study's objective was to evaluate the performance of a left ventricular (LV) evoked response sensing-based AT algorithm, for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients scheduled for CRT-D/P implant were enrolled. A manual step-down threshold test and a Left Ventricular Automatic Threshold (LVAT) test in each of four pacing vectors-LVTip→Can, LVTip→right ventricle (RV), = LVRing→Can, and LVRing→RV-were conducted. Patients were randomized to either 0.4-ms or 1.0-ms pacing pulse width and in the manual and LVAT test order. A blinded core lab electrophysiologist (EP) determined the threshold using the surface electrocardiogram (gold standard).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 70 patients were analyzed. Bipolar LV leads from three major manufacturers were used. A total of 273 AT tests were performed; 12 AT tests did not result in a threshold due to improper testing conditions. Of 261 eligible tests, 234 AT tests (89.6%) returned a threshold measurement. Of the 234 tests, in 233 tests (99.5%) the algorithm-determined threshold matched the EP-determined threshold for that test. A total of 16,689 capture and 526 noncapture beats were collected and the accuracy for detecting capture and noncapture were 98.5% and 99.7% with a two-sided 95% confidence level of (98.4%, 98.7%) and (99.4%, 100%), respectively. No AT threshold measurement was lower than the EP-determined threshold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the results suggest that the LVAT algorithm is accurate at determining pacing thresholds in multiple pacing configurations and a wide range of LV leads in CRT-D/P patients.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Gautham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalahasty
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giudici
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lobban
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Shibaji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shome
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ellenbogen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged