title: Laboratory and field evaluation of medicinal plant extracts against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: The present study explored the effects of Jatropha curcas, Hyptis suaveolens, Abutilon indicum, and Leucas aspera tested against third instar larvae of filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. The dried plant materials were powdered by an electrical blender. From each sample, 500 g powder was macerated with 1.5 L of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol 8h, using Soxhlet apparatus, and filtered. The extracts were concentrated at reduced temperature on a rotary evaporator and stored at a temperature of 4°C. The yield of crude extract was 11.4, 12.2, 10.6, and 13.5 g in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of J. curcas with LC(50) values of 230.32, 212.85, 192.07, and 113.23 ppm; H. suaveolens with LC(50) values of 213.09, 217.64, 167.59, and 86.93 ppm; A. indicum with LC(50) values of 204.18, 155.53, 166.32, and 111.58 ppm; and L. aspera with LC(50) values of 152.18, 118.29, 111.43, and 107.73 ppm, respectively, against third instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanolic extract followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extract. No mortality was observed in the control. The observed mortality were statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. L. aspera showed the highest mortality rate against the mosquito larvae in laboratory and field. The larval density was decreased after the treatment of plant extracts at the breeding sites (sewage water), and hence, these plant extracts of the suitable alternatives of synthetic insecticides for the mosquito vector management. The present results suggest that the medicinal plants extract was an excellent potential for controlling filarial vector, C. quinquefasciatus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. gokulloyo@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Kalimuthu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovendan
authors.forename: Kadarkarai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.forename: Chellasamy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panneerselvam
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahesh Kumar
authors.forename: Duraisamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amerasan
authors.forename: Jayapal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Savariar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Barnard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects*; D004199:Disease Vectors; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts