title: Recent trends in monitoring of European water framework directive priority substances using micro-sensors: a 2007-2009 review.
abstract: This review discusses from a critical perspective the development of new sensors for the measurement of priority pollutants targeted in the E.U. Water Framework Directive. Significant advances are reported in the paper and their advantages and limitations are also discussed. Future perspectives in this area are also pointed out in the conclusions. This review covers publications appeared since December 2006 (the publication date of the Swift report). Among priority substances, sensors for monitoring the four WFD metals represent 81% of published papers. None of analyzed publications present a micro-sensor totally validated in laboratory, ready for tests under real conditions in the field. The researches are mainly focused on the sensing part of the micro-sensors. Nevertheless, the main factor limiting micro-sensor applications in the environment is the ruggedness of the receptor towards environmental conditions. This point constitutes the first technological obstacle to be overcome for any long-term field tests.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, UMR CNRS 5180, 43 boulevard 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France. philippe.namour@univ-lyon1.fr
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Namour
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lepot
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jaffrezic-Renault
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005062:European Union; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical