title: (23)Na magnetic resonance imaging of tissue sodium.
abstract: Hypertension is linked to disturbed total-body sodium (Na(+)) regulation; however, measuring Na(+) disposition in the body is difficult. We implemented (23)Na magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((23)Na-MR) and imaging technique ((23)Na-MRI) at 9.4T for animals and 3T for humans to quantify Na(+) content in skeletal muscle and skin. We compared (23)Na-MRI data with actual tissue Na(+) content measured by chemical analysis in animal and human tissue. We then quantified tissue Na(+) content in normal humans and in patients with primary aldosteronism. We found a 29% increase in muscle Na(+) content in patients with aldosteronism compared with normal women and men. This tissue Na(+) was mobilized after successful treatment without accompanying weight loss. We suggest that, after further refinements, this tool could facilitate understanding the relationships between Na(+) accumulation and hypertension. Furthermore, with additional technical advances, a future clinical use may be possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Linz
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wachsmuth
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horbach
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schöfl
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Renz
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Thoralf
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niendorf
authors.forename: Dominik N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neininger
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Eckardt
authors.forename: Roland E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schmieder
authors.forename: Friedrich C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uder
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Titze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012975:Sodium Isotopes; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012975:Sodium Isotopes; D012964:Sodium