title: A randomized trial of exercise on well-being and function following breast cancer surgery: the RESTORE trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the effect of a moderate, tailored exercise program on health-related quality of life, physical function, and arm volume in women receiving treatment for nonmetastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who were within 4-12 weeks of surgery for stage I-III breast cancer were randomized to center-based exercise and lymphedema education intervention or patient education. Functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast cancer (FACT-B), 6-min walk, and arm volume were performed at 3-month intervals through 18 months. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to model the total meters walked over time, FACT-B scores, and arm volume. Models were adjusted for baseline measurement, baseline affected arm volume, number of nodes removed, age, self-reported symptoms, baseline SF-12 mental and physical component scores, visit, and treatment group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the recruited 104 women, 82 completed all 18 months. Mean age (range) was 53.6 (32-82) years; 88% were Caucasian; 45% were employed full time; 44% were overweight; and 28% obese. Approximately, 46% had breast-conserving surgery; 79% had axillary node dissection; 59% received chemotherapy; and 64% received radiation. The intervention resulted in an average increase of 34.3 ml (SD = 12.8) versus patient education (p = 0.01). Changes in FACT-B scores and arm volumes were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this early exercise intervention after breast cancer diagnosis, a significant improvement was achieved in physical function, with no decline in health-related quality of life or detrimental effect on arm volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Starting a supervised exercise regimen that is tailored to an individual's strength and stamina within 3 months following breast cancer surgery appears safe and may hasten improvements in physical functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 600 Centerview Drive, Suite 2200, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855, USA. rtanders@psu.edu
authors.forename: Roger T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Gretchen G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Kimmick
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ribisl
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mihalko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016037:Single-Blind Method