title: Vancomycin-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite pellets to treat MRSA-induced chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) pellets as carriers for vancomycin in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis and bone defects due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic osteomyelitis was induced in 45 New Zealand white rabbits. After 3 weeks (chronic infection), all animals were treated with debridement. The rabbits were divided into an experimental group (the bone was filled with vancomycin-loaded nHA pellets), a control group (the bone was filled with nHA pellets alone), and a blank group. The drug release profiles were determined in vitro and in vivo. X-rays, bone specimens, and microorganism cultures were used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a rapid initial release into the circulation, the drug concentration remained effective in the osseous and soft tissues for 12 weeks after debridement. Within 3 months, all rabbits in the experimental group recovered from osteomyelitis without a recurrence of the infection and the bone defects were partially repaired, whereas the infection and bone defects persisted in the control and blank groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that vancomycin-loaded nHA pellets successfully repair bone defects and control infection in MRSA-induced chronic osteomyelitis. In addition, nHA is an effective and safe controlled-release vancomycin carrier for chronic osteomyelitis with bone defects that is induced by MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. jile.jiang@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ji-Le
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yun-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tao-Lin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xi-Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013977:Tibia / Q000378:metabolism; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004343:Drug Implants; D014640:Vancomycin; D017886:Durapatite