title: Clinical implications of electrocardiographic left ventricular strain and hypertrophy in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis: the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognostic impact of ECG left ventricular strain and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in asymptomatic aortic stenosis is not well described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were obtained in asymptomatic patients randomized to simvastatin/ezetimibe combination versus placebo in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. Primary end point was the first of myocardial infarction, nonhemorrhagic stroke, heart failure, aortic valve replacement, or cardiovascular death. The predictive value of ECG left ventricular strain (defined as T-wave inversion in leads V(4) through V(6)) and LVH, assessed by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria (R(V5-6)+S(V1) ≥35 mV) and Cornell voltage-duration criteria {[RaVL+S(V3)+(6 mV in women)]×QRS duration ≥2440 mV · ms}, was evaluated by adjustment for other prognostic covariates. A total of 1533 patients were followed for 4.3±0.8 years (6592 patient-years of follow-up), and 627 cardiovascular events occurred. ECG strain was present in 340 patients (23.6%), with LVH by Sokolow-Lyon voltage in 260 (17.1%) and by Cornell voltage-duration product in 220 (14.6%). In multivariable analyses, ECG left ventricular strain was associated with 3.1-fold higher risk of in-study myocardial infarction (95% confidence interval, 1.4-6.8; P=0.004). Similarly, ECG LVH by both criteria predicted, compared with no ECG LVH, 5.8-fold higher risk of heart failure (95% confidence interval, 2.0-16.8), 2.0-fold higher risk of aortic valve replacement (95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.1; both P=0.001), and 2.5-fold higher risk of a combined end point of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or cardiovascular death (95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.9; P=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECG left ventricular strain and LVH were independently predictive of poor prognosis in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00092677.
authors.affiliation: Rigshospitalet, Department of Medicine B2142, The Heart Center, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. greve_anders@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gohlke-Baerwolf
authors.forename: Y Antero
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nienaber
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egstrup
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rossebø
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Køber
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willenheimer
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001384:Azetidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D000069438:Ezetimibe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001384:Azetidines; D019821:Simvastatin; D000069438:Ezetimibe