title: Factors associated with severity on admission and in-hospital mortality after primary intracerebral hemorrhage in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Of the stroke types, intracerebral hemorrhage is the most debilitating and fatal. The aim of the current study was to determine factors that influence the severity and in-hospital mortality after primary intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected retrospectively on 1268 patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to stroke units at participating hospitals in Guangzhou between January 2005 and August 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with severity on admission and in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1268 patients, 20·4% were reported to have a severe stroke on admission, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 12·5%. Severity on admission was strongly associated with Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission (odds ratio = 0·89, 95% confidence interval 0·85-0·94) and hematoma location. Notably, basal ganglia hemorrhages were associated with increased severity (odds ratio = 1·40, 95% confidence interval 1·03-1·90), and cerebellar hemorrhages were associated with reduced severity (odds ratio = 0·29, 95% confidence interval 0·10-0·84). In-hospital mortality was not only correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission (odds ratio = 0·79, 95% confidence interval 0·74-0·84) and basal ganglia location (odds ratio = 0·47, 95% confidence interval 0·26-0·83), but also with dysnatremia (odds ratio = 1·91, 95% confidence interval 1·08-3·40) and comorbidities such as upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (odds ratio = 2·28, 95% confidence interval 1·33-3·91), pneumonia (odds ratio = 3·50, 95% confidence interval 2·17-5·63), urinary incontinence (odds ratio = 2·22, 95% confidence interval 1·40-3·51), and renal dysfunction (odds ratio = 2·28, 95% confidence interval 1·42-3·65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glasgow Coma Scale score and hematoma locations were independently associated with severity on admission and in-hospital mortality after primary intracerebral hemorrhage. The study also highlights the deleterious effect of comorbidities on in-hospital mortality following primary intracerebral hemorrhage in China.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ka Sing
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jade W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiangyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yueqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: JinSheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ruxun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qingchun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications