title: [Distribution of extended spectrum β-lactamases-codifying genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospitals of Bogota, D.C., Colombia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are the most widely distributed enzymes in Enterobacteriaceae of Latin America and are key enzymes in resistance to antibiotics in common use. However, in Colombia, little information is available concerning the identity of genes coding for these enzymes in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The bla genes were identified in K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitals in Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materials and methods. One hundred seventy-seven isolates of ESBL producers were collected from 10 hospitals in Bogota between 2003 and 2005. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion, and the number of β-lactamases in each isolate was assessed by isoelectric focusing. blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM were identified by PCR and subsequent sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Besides, the resitenance to third generation cephalosporins, 44.7 % and 49.7 % were resistant to amikacyn and thrimetoprim-sulaphametoxazole respectively. Lower resistance rates to other antibiotics were observed as well. An average of three β-lactamases were detected by isoelectric focusing, and the genes blaCTX-M-12 (56.0%) and blaSHV-12 (33.3%) were the most prevalent. blaSHV-5 (11.8%), blaCTX-M-1-1 (4.0%), blaSHV-27 (2.8%), blaSHV-2 (2.8%), blaCTX-M-1-2 (1.7%) and blaCTX-M-1-15 (0.6%) were present in smaller percentages. In addition, three genes were identified that coded for narrow spectrum β-lactamases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eleven bla genes were identified, eight of which were ESBL-coding. The diversity of the bla genes suggested a continuing exposure of K. pneumoniae to strong antibiotic pressures in Bogota hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
authors.forename: Ingrid Yamile
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Pulido
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mantilla
authors.forename: Emilia María
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Reguero
authors.forename: Elsa Beatriz
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003105:Colombia; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases