title: Low frequency stimulation of ventral hippocampal commissures reduces seizures in a rat model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) of a fiber tract for the suppression of spontaneous seizures in a rat model of human temporal lobe epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stimulation electrodes were implanted into the ventral hippocampal commissure (VHC) in a rat post-status epilepticus (SE) model of human temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 7). Two recording electrodes were placed in the CA3 regions bilaterally and neural data were recorded for a minimum of 6 weeks. LFS (60 min train of 1 Hz biphasic square wave pulses, each 0.1 ms in duration and 200 μA in amplitude, followed by 15 min of rest) was applied to the VHC for 2 weeks, 24 h a day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline mean seizure frequency of the study animals was 3.7 seizures per day. The seizures were significantly reduced by the application of LFS in every animal (n = 7). By the end of the 2-week period of stimulation, there was a significant, 90% (<1 seizure/day) reduction of seizure frequencies (p < 0.05) and a 57% reduction during the period following LFS (p < 0.05) when compared to baseline. LFS also resulted in a significant reduction of hippocampal interictal spike frequency (71%, p < 0.05), during 2 weeks of LFS session. The hippocampal histologic analysis showed no significant difference between rats that received LFS and SE induction and those that had received only SE-induction. None of the animals showed any symptomatic hemorrhage, infection, or complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low frequency stimulation applied at a frequency of 1 Hz significantly reduced both the excitability of the neural tissue as well as the seizure frequency in a rat model of human temporal lobe epilepsy. The results support the hypothesis that LFS of fiber tracts can be an effective method for the suppression of spontaneous seizures in a temporal lobe model of epilepsy in rats and could lead to the development of a new therapeutic modality for human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Saifur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pho
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czigler
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Werz
authors.forename: Dominique M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Durand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056654:CA3 Region, Hippocampal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome