title: Clinical characteristics of non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-center retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify risk factors and clinical features of both hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV negative hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  HCC patients (n = 1,109) diagnosed at a single center were categorized based on the presence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen and HCVAb. Clinical characteristics of 127 NBNC-HCC patients were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NBNC-HCC patients were stratified as those with alcoholic liver disease (ALD-HCC, n = 42) and alcohol-unrelated liver disease (non-ALD-HCC, n = 85). Compared with the ALD-HCC group, the non-ALD-HCC group had a higher prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.015), larger tumor size (p = 0.007), and higher tumor marker levels (p = 0.014). Liver function results were significantly worse in ALD-HCC than in non-ALD-HCC. Although the ALD-HCC group had a higher tendency toward recurrence than the non-ALD-HCC group, survival rates were similar between groups (p = 0.352).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol consumption was the most common etiologic factor for NBNC-HCC, and diabetes may be related to the development of HCC in non-ALD-HCC patients. Non-ALD-HCC tended to be diagnosed at a more advanced stage, whereas liver function was worse, and tumor recurrence rate was higher in ALD-HCC patients. Further examination of the risk factors and establishment of a precise surveillance system are necessary for early diagnosis and the development of curative therapies for NBNC-HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Soo Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marusawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eso
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies