title: Biological activities of histidine-rich peptides; merging biotechnology and nanomedicine.
abstract: Histidine-rich peptides are commonly used in recombinant protein production as purification tags, allowing the one-step affinity separation of the His-tagged proteins from the extracellular media or cell extracts. Genetic engineering makes feasible the post-purification His-tag removal by inserting, between the tag and the main protein body, a target site for trans-acting proteases or a self-proteolytic peptide with regulatable activities. However, for technical ease, His tags are often not removed and the fusion proteins eventually used in this form. In this commentary, we revise the powerful biological properties of histidine-rich peptides as endosomolytic agents and as architectonic tags in nanoparticle formation, for which they are exploited in drug delivery and other nanomedical applications. These activities, generally unknown to biotechnologists, can unwillingly modulate the functionality and biotechnological performance of recombinant proteins in which they remain trivially attached.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrer-Miralles
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Corchero
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cedano
authors.forename: Kailash C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villaverde
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vazquez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D006639:Histidine