title: Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeographic history of the Greek endemic land-snail genus Codringtonia Kobelt 1898 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicidae).
abstract: The aim of this work was to infer the phylogeny of the Greek endemic land-snail genus Codringtonia Kobelt 1898, estimate the time frame of the radiation of the genus, and propose a biogeographic scenario that could explain the contemporary distribution of Codringtonia lineages. The study took place in the districts of Peloponnese, Central Greece and Epirus of mainland Greece. Sequence data originating from three mtDNA genes (COI, COII, and 16S rDNA) were used to infer the phylogeny of the eight nominal Codringtonia species. Furthermore, the radiation time-frame of extant Codringtonia species was estimated using a relaxed molecular clock analysis and mtDNA substitution rates of land snails. The phylogenetic analysis supported the existence of six Codringtonia lineages in Greece and indicated that one nominal species (Codringtonia neocrassa) might belong to a separate genus distantly related to Codringtonia. The time frame of differentiation of Codringtonia species was placed in the Late Miocene-Pleistocene epoch. The dispersal-vicariance analysis performed indicated that most probably Codringtonia exhibited a north-to-south spread with the ancestral area being that of central Greek mainland, accompanied with duplication (speciation) and vicariance events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panayiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotsakiozi
authors.forename: Aristeidis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parmakelis
authors.forename: Sinos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giokas
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papanikolaou
authors.forename: Efstratios D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Valakos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D006115:Greece; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012908:Snails / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV