title: Retrospective review of outcomes of a multimodal chronic pain service in a major teaching hospital: a preliminary experience in universiti sains malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pain is a common medical issue. Beside chronic devastating pain, patients also suffer dysfunction more generally, including in the physical, emotional, social, recreational, vocational, financial, and legal spheres. Integrated multidisciplinary and multimodal chronic pain management programmes offer clear evidence for relief of suffering and return to functional lifestyles.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective review was performed in order to evaluate one-year outcomes among all newly referred patients of the multimodal chronic pain service at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). All patients received multimodal pain therapy, including pharmacological, physical, and psychological therapy, exercise, and pain intervention. The variables evaluated were based on a patient's global pain assessments, which were made using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), modified by patient self-report, and were taken within days to months of commencing our multimodal pain regime.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 169 patients were enrolled in this study. Out of this number, 102 (60.4%) were seen at the pain clinic, and 67 (39.6%) were referred while they were inpatients. About one-third of the patients had chronic pain due to cancer. Our data showed that 128 (75.7%) of our chronic pain patients were successfully managed when ≥50% of pain relief (as measured by their VAS score) was achieved at any point during the course of the study period. In addition, 104 patients (61.5%) showed improvement in their modified ODI by 50% or more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multimodal chronic pain service plays a significant role in managing chronic pain patients in a major hospital, as it is capable of delivering comprehensive and attainable care to manage refractory and intractable chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Jln Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nizar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdul Jalil
authors.forename: Zaharah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Mohamed Saufi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Awang
authors.forename: Mohamarowi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omar