title: Graphene-coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in water samples.
abstract: Graphene is a novel and interesting carbon material that could be used for the separation and purification of some chemical compounds. In this investigation, graphene was used as a novel fiber-coating material for the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of four triazine herbicides (atrazine, prometon, ametryn and prometryn) in water samples. The main parameters that affect the extraction and desorption efficiencies, such as the extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition, desorption solvent and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The optimized SPME by graphene-coated fiber coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was successfully applied for the determination of the four triazine herbicides in water samples. The linearity of the method was in the range from 0.5 to 200 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9989 to 0.9998. The limits of detection of the method were 0.05-0.2 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations varied from 3.5 to 4.9% (n=5). The recoveries of the triazine herbicides from water samples at spiking levels of 20.0 and 50.0  ng/mL were in the range between 86.0 and 94.6%. Compared with two commercial fibers (CW/TPR, 50 μm; PDMS/DVB, 60 μm), the graphene-coated fiber showed higher extraction efficiency.
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qiuhua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Guangying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis; D006108:Graphite; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D060106:Lakes / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011400:Prometryne / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005554:prometone; D011400:Prometryne; C100057:ametryne; D006108:Graphite; D001280:Atrazine