title: A review of direct neck measurement in occupational settings.
abstract: No guidelines are available to orient researchers on the availability and applications of equipment and sensors for recording precise neck movements in occupational settings. In this study reports on direct measurements of neck movements in the workplace were reviewed. Using relevant keywords two independent reviewers searched for eligible studies in the following databases: Cinahal, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the inclusion criteria, 13 articles on direct neck measurements in occupational settings were retrieved from among 33,666 initial titles. These studies were then methodologically evaluated according to their design characteristics, exposure and outcome assessment, and statistical analysis. The results showed that in most of the studies the three axes of neck movement (flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation) were not simultaneously recorded. Deficiencies in available equipment explain this flaw, demonstrating that sensors and systems need to be improved so that a true understanding of real occupational exposure can be achieved. Further studies are also needed to assess neck movement in those who perform heavy-duty work, such as nurses and electricians, since no report about such jobs was identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. lecarnaz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carnaz
authors.forename: Mariana V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Batistao
authors.forename: Helenice J C Gil
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Coury
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009787:Occupational Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009790:Occupations; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D014894:Weights and Measures