title: The target-specific transporter and current status of diuretics as antihypertensive.
abstract: The currently available diuretics increase the urinary excretion of sodium chloride by selective inhibition of specific sodium transporters in the loop of Henle and distal nephron. In recent years, the molecular cloning of the diuretic-sensitive sodium transporters at distal convoluted tubule has improved our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of action of each class of diuretics. Diuretics are tools of considerable therapeutic importance. First, they effectively reduce blood pressure. Loop and thiazide diuretics are secreted from the proximal tubule via the organic anion transporter-1 and exert their diuretic action by binding to the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter type 2 in the thick ascending limb and the Na(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, respectively. Recent studies in animal models suggest that abundance of these ion transporters is affected by long-term diuretic administration. The WHO/ISH guidelines point out that diuretics enhance the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs and will most often be a component of combination therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Baghpat Bypass, NH-58, Meerut-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India. salmanali.ali32@gmail.com
authors.forename: Syed Salman
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Pramod Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Vipin Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Avnesh Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Sambhu Charan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mondal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000652:urine; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D012965:Sodium Chloride