title: Inhibitory potential of omega-3 fatty and fenugreek essential oil on key enzymes of carbohydrate-digestion and hypertension in diabetes rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  diabetes is a serious health problem and a source of risk for numerous severe complications such as obesity and hypertension. Treatment of diabetes and its related diseases can be achieved by inhibiting key digestives enzymes-related to starch digestion secreted by pancreas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The formulation omega-3 with fenugreek terpenenes was administrated to surviving diabetic rats. The inhibitory effects of this oil on rat pancreas α-amylase and maltase and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the findings revealed that administration of formulation omega-3 with fenugreek terpenenes (Om3/terp) considerably inhibited key enzymes-related to diabetes such as α-amylase activity by 46 and 52% and maltase activity by 37 and 35% respectively in pancreas and plasma. Moreover, the findings revealed that this supplement helped protect the β-Cells of the rats from death and damage. Interestingly, the formulation Om3/terp modulated key enzyme related to hypertension such as ACE by 37% in plasma and kidney. Moreover administration of fenugreek essential oil to surviving diabetic rats improved starch and glucose oral tolerance additively. Furthermore, the Om3/terp also decreased significantly the glucose, triglyceride (TG) and total-cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) rates in the plasma and liver of diabetic rats and increased the HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-Ch) level, which helped maintain the homeostasis of blood lipid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  overall, the findings of the current study indicate that this formulation Om3/terp exhibit attractive properties and can, therefore, be considered for future application in the development of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and hypolipidemic foods.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology High School of Sfax (ISBS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 261, Sfax 3038, Tunisia. khaled.hamden@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamden
authors.forename: Henda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keskes
authors.forename: Sahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belhaj
authors.forename: Kais
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mnafgui
authors.forename: Abdelfattah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feki
authors.forename: Noureddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allouche
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A