title: What we should know about the cellular and tissue response causing catheter obstruction in the treatment of hydrocephalus.
abstract: The treatment of hydrocephalus by cerebrospinal fluid shunting is plagued by ventricular catheter obstruction. Shunts can become obstructed by cells originating from tissue normal to the brain or by pathological cells in the cerebrospinal fluid for a variety of reasons. In this review, the authors examine ventricular catheter obstruction and identify some of the modifications to the ventricular catheter that may alter the mechanical and chemical cues involved in obstruction, including alterations to the surgical strategy, modifications to the chemical surface of the catheter, and changes to the catheter architecture. It is likely a combination of catheter modifications that will improve the treatment of hydrocephalus by prolonging the life of ventricular catheters to improve patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. carolyn.anne.harris@gmail.com
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McAllister
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*