title: Investigation into the influence of primary crystallization conditions on the mechanical properties and secondary processing behaviour of fluticasone propionate for carrier based dry powder inhaler formulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of primary crystallization conditions on the mechanical properties and secondary processing behaviour of fluticasone propionate (FP) for carrier based dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young's modulus of FP crystals produced using different anti-solvents was determined using nanoindentation. Physicochemical and surface interfacial properties via the cohesive-adhesive balance (CAB) approach to colloid probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) of air-jet micronised FP crystals were investigated. These data were correlated to in vitro aerosolization performance of binary and combination DPI formulations containing salmeterol xinafoate (SX).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young's modulus of FP crystals produced using different anti-solvents ranged from 0.6-12.4 GPa. Crystals with low Young's modulus required multiple passes in the microniser to reduce the particle size to less than 5 μm, whilst those with the highest Young's modulus required a single pass. CAB of micronized FP samples was similar with respect to lactose, however, their adhesive affinity to SX varied. Samples of FP with greatest adhesion to SX produced greater fine particle delivery of SX in combination DPI formulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crystallisation conditions may affect the mechanical properties of FP, and therefore secondary processing of the material and their interfacial properties and product performance in carrier based DPI formulations.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Harshal A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kubavat
authors.forename: Jagdeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shur
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruecroft
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hipkiss
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers / Q000379:methods*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D000068298:Fluticasone; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D005079:Excipients; D000068298:Fluticasone