title: New microsatellite markers developed from Urochloa humidicola (Poaceae) and cross amplification in different Urochloa species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urochloa humidicola is a forage grass that grows in tropical regions and is recognized for its tolerance to seasonal flooding. It is a polyploid and apomictic species with high phenotypic plasticity. As molecular tools are important in facilitating the development of new cultivars and in the classification of related species, the objectives of this study were to develop new polymorphic microsatellite markers from an enriched library constructed from U. humidicola and to evaluate their transferability to other Urochloa species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microsatellite sequences were identified from a previously constructed enriched library, and specific primers were designed for 40 loci. Isolated di-nucleotide repeat motifs were the most abundant followed by tetra-nucleotide repeats. Of the tested loci, 38 displayed polymorphism when screened across 34 polyploid Urochloa sp. genotypes, including 20 accessions and six hybrids of U. humidicola and two accessions each from U. brizantha, U. dictyoneura, U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis. The number of bands per Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) locus ranged from one to 29 with a mean of 11.5 bands per locus. The mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of all loci was 0.7136, and the mean Discrimination Power (DP) was 0.7873. Six loci amplified in all species tested. STRUCTURE analysis revealed six different allelic pools, and the genetic similarity values analyzed using Jaccard's coefficient ranged from 0.000 to 0.913.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work reports new polymorphic microsatellite markers that will be useful for breeding programs for Urochloa humidicola and other Urochloa species as well as for genetic map development, germplasm characterization, evolutionary and taxonomic studies and marker-assisted trait selection.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, CP 6010, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970, Brazil. anete@unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Bianca Bz
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Vigna
authors.forename: Guilherme C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Alleoni
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jungmann
authors.forename: Cacilda B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: do Valle
authors.forename: Anete P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Souza