title: Association between sRAGE, esRAGE levels and vascular inflammation: analysis with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its diverse ligands play a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Soluble forms of RAGE (sRAGE), including the splice variant endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), may neutralize AGE-RAGE mediated vascular damage by acting as a decoy. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a novel imaging technique for detecting vascular inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined vascular inflammation measured using FDG-PET in 41 type 2 diabetes patients and 41 healthy control subjects in the right carotid artery. Vascular (18)F-FDG uptake was measured as the blood-normalized standardized uptake value (SUV), known as the target-to-background ratio (TBR). In addition, their relationship with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), estimated GFR (eGFR), and other cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both mean and maximum TBR values were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy subjects. After adjusting for age and gender, sRAGE levels were significantly correlated with both mean and maximum TBR values, but not with CIMT values. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maximum TBR values were independently associated with sRAGE levels in addition to HbA1c and eGFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating sRAGE showed significant association with TBR values measured using FDG-PET, which reflect vascular inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sungeun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Tae Nyun
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hae Yoon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hye Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Ji A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Sin Gon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nan Hee
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sei Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: Dong Seop
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyung Mook
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18