title: In vivo skin treatment with tissue-tolerable plasma influences skin physiology and antioxidant profile in human stratum corneum.
abstract: The antimicrobial treatment of wounds is still a major problem. Tissue-tolerable electrical plasma (TTP) is a new approach for topical microbial disinfection of the skin surface. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of TTP on a carotenoid profile in relation to skin physiology parameters (epidermal barrier function, stratum corneum (SC) hydration, surface temperature and irritation parameters). We were interested in the interaction of TTP and the antioxidative network, as well as the consequences for skin physiology parameters. These parameters are also indicative of TTP safety in vivo. For plasma application, 'Kinpen 09' was used (surface exposure 30-43°C) for 3 s. Beta-carotene and water profiles were assessed by in vivo Raman microspectroscopy (skin composition analyzer 3510). Skin physiology parameters were measured with Tewameter TM 300, Corneometer CM 825, skin thermometer and Chromameter CR 300. All parameters were assessed non-invasively on seven healthy volunteers before and after plasma application in vivo. We could show that TTP application leads to a decrease in beta-carotene especially in the superficial SC. Skin-surface temperature increased by 1.74°C, while the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) increase indicated an impaired barrier function. SC hydration decreased as seen in water profile especially in the superficial layers and capacitance values. A slight increase in skin redness was measurable. The induction of reactive oxygen species is probably the major contributor of TTP efficacy in skin disinfection. Skin physiology parameters were influenced without damaging the skin or skin functions, indicating the safety of TTP under in vivo conditions.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin-Charité, Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany. Joachim.fluhr@charite.de
authors.forename: Joachim W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fluhr
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sassning
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.forename: Maxim E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Darvin
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schanzer
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sterry
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D058626:Plasma Gases; D014867:Water; D002338:Carotenoids