title: Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of three different rotary nickel-titanium instruments designed for retreatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems have been developed to provide better, faster, and easier cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, and recently, rotary NiTi systems designed for root canal retreatment have been introduced. Because the main problem with the rotary NiTi files is fracture, the aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of 3 different rotary NiTi systems designed for root canal retreatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total of 60 instruments of 3 different rotary NiTi systems designed for root canal retreatment were used in this study. Twenty R-Endo R3, 20 ProTaper D3, and 20 Mtwo R (Retreatment) 25.05 instruments were tested. Cyclic fatigue testing of instruments was performed by using a device that allowed the instruments to rotate freely inside an artificial canal. Each instrument was rotated until fracture occurred, and the number of cycles to fracture for each instrument was calculated. Representative samples were also evaluated under a scanning electron microscope to confirm the fracture was flexural. Data were analyzed by using 1-way analysis of variance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  R-Endo R3 instruments showed better cyclic fatigue resistance than ProTaper D3 and Mtwo R 25.05 instruments, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference between ProTaper D3 and Mtwo R 25.05 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The R-Endo R3 instruments were more resistant to fatigue failure than ProTaper D3 and Mtwo R 25.05.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, 19 Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. ugurinan29@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Cumhur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D018583:Pliability; D019233:Retreatment; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium