title: Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-10 is a potentially useful biomarker in immunocompetent primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).
abstract: The diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) by radiographical examination is often difficult because of its similarity to other brain tumors. To test whether interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-6 can be used to distinguish PCNSL from other brain tumors that are radiographically similar, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were measured in 66 patients with intracranial tumors (PCNSLs: 26 cases; other brain tumors: 40 cases). In the patients with PCNSLs, the median CSF levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were 27 pg/mL and 5.4 pg/mL, respectively. The CSF IL-10 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in PCNSLs than in the other brain tumors. To validate the diagnostic value of CSF IL-10 in PCNSL, we prospectively examined 24 patients with brain lesions that were suspected to be PCNSL. We observed that the CSF IL-10 levels were significantly higher in PCNSLs than in other brain tumors. At an IL-10 cutoff level of 9.5 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.0% and 100%, respectively. After therapy, the CSF IL-10 levels were decreased in all patients and were increased at relapse in most of these patients. Immunohistochemically, all PCNSLs, except for 1 unclassified PCNSL, expressed both IL-10 and IL-10 receptor-A. In the patients with high CSF IL-10, IL-10 expression levels in tumor were relatively higher, compared with low CSF IL-10; however, there was no significant difference between these groups. In addition, elevated CSF level of IL-10 was significantly associated with having a shorter progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.985-11.528; log-rank, P= .038). These results indicate that the CSF level of IL-10 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with PCNSLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. takasasa@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasayama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamizo
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: Atsufumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Hirotomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Katsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizukawa
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Kohkichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kohmura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053701:Receptors, Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053701:Receptors, Interleukin-10; D016753:Interleukin-10