title: Competing cardiovascular outcomes associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with electrocardiographically determined left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG LVH) are at risk of multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes simultaneously. The study sought to characterise the competing incidences for subtypes of first CVD events or non-CVD death in those with and without ECG LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study were included. ECG LVH was defined according to Sokolow-Lyon criteria. Competing Cox models were used to compare hazards for diverse outcomes within groups (e.g., among those with ECG LVH) and for a given event between groups (ECG LVH vs. no ECG LVH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 15 years, men with ECG LVH at baseline (N=383) had a cumulative incidence of first CVD events and non-CVD deaths of 29.2% and 6.1%, respectively (HR 4.86; 95% CI 3.04 to 7.77). In men without ECG LVH (N=6576) the incidence of any first CVD event and non-CVD death was 18.9% and 6.9%, respectively (HR 2.67; 2.39 to 2.98). Similar associations were observed in women (N=381 with and N=8187 without ECG LVH). Coronary heart disease (CHD) was the most common first event in men with ECG LVH (15.0%) and heart failure was the most common first event in women with ECG LVH (10.5%). After adjustment for risk factors including systolic blood pressure, any CVD event remained the most likely first event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among middle-aged individuals with ECG LVH, the most likely first events are CHD in men and heart failure in women; these results may have implications for preventive approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1402, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Chintan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Jones
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003327:Coronary Disease; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology