title: Hemostasis control in endodontic surgery: a comparative study of calcium sulfate versus gauzes and versus ferric sulfate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcium sulfate (CaS) is a simple, biocompatible material with a long history of safe use in different fields of medicine. CaS is a rapidly resorbing material that leaves behind a calcium phosphate lattice, which promotes bone regeneration and hemostasis. The aim of this study was a clinical evaluation of the hemostatic effect of CaS hemi-hydrate (CaSO4), commonly known as plaster of Paris, in endodontic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with 31 periradicular lesions were enrolled in this study. The apical roots were exposed, and the bleeding would have made it difficult to correctly fill the root-end cavities. To avoid such an inconvenience, the teeth were divided into 3 groups. Hemostasis was attempted by using CaS in 11 teeth (group I), gauze tamponade in another 10 teeth (group II), or 20% ferric sulfate in the last 10 teeth (group III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control of the bleeding was achieved in all teeth of group I, whereas in group II adequate hemostasis was achieved in 3 of 10 cases and in group III in 6 of 10 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of CaS completely eliminated the bleeding, with a very good level of hemostasis.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ascarano@unich.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Artese
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carinci
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mancino
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D059745:Piezosurgery / Q000379:methods; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013630:Tampons, Surgical
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006490:Hemostatics; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C024823:ferric sulfate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate