title: Feeding cells induced by phytoparasitic nematodes require γ-tubulin ring complex for microtubule reorganization.
abstract: Reorganization of the microtubule network is important for the fast isodiametric expansion of giant-feeding cells induced by root-knot nematodes. The efficiency of microtubule reorganization depends on the nucleation of new microtubules, their elongation rate and activity of microtubule severing factors. New microtubules in plants are nucleated by cytoplasmic or microtubule-bound γ-tubulin ring complexes. Here we investigate the requirement of γ-tubulin complexes for giant feeding cells development using the interaction between Arabidopsis and Meloidogyne spp. as a model system. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate that γ-tubulin localizes to both cortical cytoplasm and mitotic microtubule arrays of the giant cells where it can associate with microtubules. The transcripts of two Arabidopsis γ-tubulin (TUBG1 and TUBG2) and two γ-tubulin complex proteins genes (GCP3 and GCP4) are upregulated in galls. Electron microscopy demonstrates association of GCP3 and γ-tubulin as part of a complex in the cytoplasm of giant cells. Knockout of either or both γ-tubulin genes results in the gene dose-dependent alteration of the morphology of feeding site and failure of nematode life cycle completion. We conclude that the γ-tubulin complex is essential for the control of microtubular network remodelling in the course of initiation and development of giant-feeding cells, and for the successful reproduction of nematodes in their plant hosts.
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed Youssef
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Banora
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodiuc
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldacci-Cresp
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smertenko
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bleve-Zacheo
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mellilo
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hilson
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Evrard
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Favery
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engler
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Almeida Engler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008870:Microtubules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C530431:GCP3 protein, Arabidopsis; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D014404:Tubulin