title: Risk factors for overweight and diabetes mellitus in residential psychiatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for overweight and diabetes mellitus in long-stay psychiatric inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis of data collected from medical, laboratory, and pharmacy files.
  
  
  RESULTS
  80% of the 256 patients were suffering from schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 15%. The prevalence of a disturbed glucose tolerance was 14%. Severe overweight (BMI > 30) was positively associated with the use of clozapine (odds ratio (OR) = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-5.75), but negatively with the diagnosis schizophrenia (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.22-0.88). Diabetes mellitus was associated with severe overweight (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.57-7.69). Caucasian patients were at a lower risk for diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.08-0.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In residential psychiatric patients, diabetes mellitus is especially associated with overweight and non-Caucasian origin. In this survey, the use of clozapine was associated with overweight, but not directly with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent, which calls for screening for diabetes mellitus at regular intervals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evert J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mookhoek
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Johannes E J M
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hovens
authors.forename: Jacobus R B J
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Anton J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Loonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D003024:Clozapine