title: Quantitative analysis and simulation of anti-inflammatory effects from the active components of Paino Powder () in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE:                       To explore different combinations of the active ingredients of Paino Powder ()), including paeoniflorln, naringin, neohesperidln and platyeodin-D, which are responsible for the inhibition of carrageenin-induced edema in rats, and to evaluate the performance of the orthogonal simulation method in quantitative analysis and the simulation of the combinations.                                         METHODS:                       A 1-level (used) and 2-level (unused) orthogonal design was applied to assign 7 combinations of active components. Aspirin and saline were set as the two controls. The carrageen In-Induced edema in the right hind paws of rats was established as the acute inflammation model The efficacy indices were expressed by the area under the curve (AUC) and the peak value of the swelling change (%) over time in rats.                                         RESULTS:                       Compared with the saline group, the rats in active component combinations showed a significant reduction of AUG and peak value in the swelling (P<0.05). The maximum anti-inflammatory effect was from the whole four-ingredient combination. Among the four ingredients, naringin showed a dominant contribution to the combination, while paeoniflorin > platycodin-D > naringin contributed in succession. These results are consistent with the results of computer simulation.                                         CONCLUSIONS:                       A single component from Paino Powder does not exhibit any anti-inflammatory effect, but some combinations show such effect. The strongest inhibition to edema comes from the full 4-ingredient combination. The orthogonal simulation method is feasible in the research on decomposed formulas of Chinese medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacometrics, Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lu-Jin
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shi-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Ying-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hong-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qing-Shan
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Zheng