title: Community Reinforcement and Family Training: a pilot comparison of group and self-directed delivery.
abstract: In a randomized clinical pilot study, 40 concerned significant others (CSOs) of treatment-refusing alcohol- and drug-using individuals were randomized to either Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) conducted in a group format (Group CRAFT) or a Self-Directed CRAFT condition. Although results indicated no significant between-group difference in engaging treatment-refusing substance-using individuals (referred to as identified patients or IPs) into treatment, the engagement rate in Group CRAFT was similar to rates previously reported with individual CRAFT. For the intent-to-treat analysis, 60% of Group CRAFT CSOs engaged their loved one into treatment, as compared with 40% in Self-Directed CRAFT. Of CSOs in the Group condition who received at least one session of group therapy, 71% engaged their IP into treatment. CSOs in both conditions reported improvements in family cohesion and conflict at the 3- and 6-month follow-up, replicating prior CRAFT findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. jennifer.manuel@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: McCrady
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tonigan
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Jane Ellen
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bogenschutz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005196:Family Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012056:Reinforcement, Social; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013997:Time Factors; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology*