title: Melt extrusion: process to product.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Niche applicability and industrial adaptability have led hot melt extrusion (HME) techniques to gain wide acceptance and have, therefore, solidified their place in the array of pharmaceutical research and manufacturing operations. Melt extrusion's momentum has resulted in extensive research publications, reviews and patents on the subject for over a decade. Currently, > 50% of the new drug candidates are speculated to be highly lipophilic and thus poorly bioavailable. HME is a key technology for these and other formulation and processing issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various approaches have been addressed using HME in developing solid molecular dispersions and have demonstrated viability to provide sustained, modified and targeted drug delivery resulting in improved bioavailability. This review provides a holistic perspective on HME from equipment, processing and materials to its varied applications in oral delivery (immediate release, sustained release, taste masking, enteric and targeted release, as well as trans-drug delivery), oral mucosal, dermal, ungual and intravaginal systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interest in HME as a pharmaceutical process continues to grow and the potential of automation and reduction of capital investment and labor costs has earned this technique a necessary consideration as a drug delivery solution.
authors.affiliation: The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University, MS 38677, USA. marepka@olemiss.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Repka
authors.forename: Sejal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Jiannan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Sindhuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maddineni
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morott
authors.forename: Ketaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: Noorullah Naqvi
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Mohammed
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010968:Plasticizers