title: Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at environmentally relevant carbon concentrations on atrazine degradation by Chelatobacter heintzii SalB.
abstract: The dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the term used for organic components of natural origin present in the soil solution and is probably the most available C-source that primes microbial activity in subsoils. Contrasting effects of organic C components on pesticide degradation have been reported; however, most studies have used model organic compounds with compositions and concentrations which differ substantially from those found in the environment. Degradation of atrazine (AT) by Chelatobacter heintzii SalB was monitored in liquid batch assays in the absence or presence of well-defined model C compounds (glucose, gluconate and citrate) as model DOM (mDOM) or complex, less-defined, environmental DOM solutions (eDOM: isolated humic substances, soil and plant residue extracts) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Glucose significantly increased AT degradation rate by more than a factor of 8 at and above 2.5 mg C L( - 1). Optical density measurements showed that this stimulation is related to microbial growth. Gluconate and citrate had no effects unless at non-relevant concentrations (1,000 mg DOC L( - 1)) at which stimulations (gluconate) or inhibitions (citrate) were found. The effects of eDOM added at 10 mg DOC L( - 1) on AT degradation were generally small. The AT degradation time was reduced by factors 1.4-1.9 in the presence of humic acids and eDOM from soils amended with plant residues; however, no effects were found for fulvic acids or eDOM from a soil leachate solution or extracted from unamended peat or forest soil. In conclusion, DOM supplied as both mDOM and eDOM did not inhibit AT degradation at environmentally relevant concentrations, and stimulation can be found for selected DOM samples and this is partly related to its effect on growth.
authors.affiliation: Division Soil and Water Management, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium. karlien.cheyns@ees.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Karlien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheyns
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calcoen
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin-Laurent
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bru
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smolders
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Springael
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D001711:Biotransformation; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005942:Gluconates / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D059127:Phyllobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D005942:Gluconates; D006540:Herbicides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil; D019343:Citric Acid; D005947:Glucose; D001280:Atrazine; C030691:gluconic acid