title: Relationship between NMO-antibody and anti-MOG antibody in optic neuritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Damage to astrocytes by anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab), also known as NMO antibody, has been implicated as the cause of neuromyelitis optica. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is well known as the causative protein of multiple sclerosis (MS). MOG antigen is currently considered as a cause of optic neuritis (ON) associated with MS because immunization with MOG antigen derived from oligodendrocytes induces murine ON with myelitis. We investigated the relationship between NMO antibody (NMO-Ab) and anti-MOG antibody (MOG-Ab) and potential in patients with ON for recovery of vision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three eyes of 23 patients with ON were studied. At presentation, serum NMO-Ab was measured by immunofluorescence using HEK 293 cells transfected with AQP4-GFP, and anti-MOG1-125 antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MOG-Ab seropositivity was defined by comparing with MOG-Ab level obtained from 8 healthy normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (47%) of 23 ON patients were NMO-Ab seropositive, while 8 (34%) of the 23 patients were MOG-Ab seropositive. Six (26%) of 23 patients were seropositive for both NMO-Ab and MOG-Ab. Ten (43%) of 23 patients were seronegative for both antibodies. Three (50%) of 6 eyes of patients seropositive for both antibodies did not respond to corticosteroid pulse therapy and plasmapheresis, and visual acuity remained unchanged. In the NMO-Ab/MOG-Ab group, visual acuity improved significantly (P < 0.0001). In the other 3 groups (NMO-Ab/MOG-Ab, NMO-Ab/MOG-Ab, and NMO-Ab/MOG-Ab), visual acuity did not change significantly (P = 0.53, 0.42, and 0.45, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NMO-Ab and MOG-Ab could be potential biomarkers to determine visual prognosis in patients with ON.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. tkezuka@tokyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kezuka
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Yoshimichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Ryusaku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000276:immunology*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C496030:AQP4 protein, human; D051401:Aquaporin 4; D001323:Autoantibodies; C571326:MOG protein, human; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein