title: Signal control through Raf: in sickness and in health.
abstract: The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade is the prototype mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade that regulates a number of processes, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, stress responses and apoptosis. How this seemingly linear cascade is modulated to achieve a specific cellular function has been a main focus of the field. In this review, we describe new as well as old findings in the regulation of the ERK1/2 pathway in normal and disease states via MAP3Ks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, USA.
authors.forename: Jihan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Elma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaganjor
authors.forename: Melanie H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cobb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008322:Mammals; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D019703:Calcineurin; D005947:Glucose