title: Prevalence and resistance pattern of genotype G and H in chronic hepatitis B and HIV co-infected patients in Mexico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We estimated the prevalence and identified the resistance pattern of HBV genotypes H and G in HBV monoinfected and HIV co-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional prevalence and analytic study were performed in chronic hepatitis B patients at the Hospital de Infectología, La Raza National Medical Center in Mexico City. Chronic HBV monoinfected and HIV co-infected patients were included. HBeAg, HBV viral load and genetic analysis of mutations were collected; CD4+ cells count from HIV co-infected patients and HIV RNA were measured. We calculated the prevalence and exact 95% binomial confidence interval and the Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals to assess the relationship between the presence of risk factors and HBV genotypes H or G.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 77 patients, 67 men and 10 women with 37 HIV co-infected patients. The distribution of HBV genotypes was: HBV genotype H 55 (71% [95% CI 60% to 80%]), HBV genotype G 16 (20.7%), HBV genotype F 4 (5.1%) and HBV genotype A 2 (2.6%). The most frequent mutations presented in 8 HIV co-infected patients and one mono-infected patient with antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience were rtM204V and six of them showed genotype G (6/9). Mono-infected HBV patients exposed more probability to HBV genotype H than co-infected HIV patients OR 13.0 (CI 95% 3.40-49.79), p = 0.0001. In contrast co-infected patients presented less possibility to have genotype H, 0.56 (CI 95% 0.42-0.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the high prevalence of HBV genotype H in Mexico; furthermore, our results suggest that HBV genotype G predominates in co-infected patients. As well, rtM204V and rtL180M mutations are common in HBV-HIV co-infected patients with genotype G and ART experience.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Infectología, Infectious Diseases Department, La Raza National Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico. jamatamarin@gmail.com
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mata Marín
authors.forename: Carla Ileana
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Arroyo Anduiza
authors.forename: Gloria María
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cazares Rodríguez
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fuentes Allen
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arias Flores
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaytán Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D019259:Lamivudine