title: Risperidone modulates the cytokine and chemokine release of dendritic cells and induces TNF-α-directed cell apoptosis in neutrophils.
abstract: Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) that bind mainly to the dopamine D2 receptor or the type II 5-HT receptor have been used to ease the symptoms of schizophrenia. Several studies have reported that APDs can also regulate the immune response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. DCs can release 5-HT and dopamine to modulate T-cell activation and differentiation. In this study, we use the monocyte-derived DCs to investigate the drug effects of typical APD (haloperidol) and atypical APD (risperidone) on DCs in vitro. Our studies revealed that only risperidone but not haloperidol affected the cytokine and chemokine production of mature DCs. Risperidone increased the production of IL-10 and MDC as well as the proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, but decreased the production of IP-10 and IL-12. Furthermore, the exposure of DCs to risperidone led to lower IFN-γ production by T-cells. The results suggested that risperidone can modulate the DCs' immune function by inhibiting the potent Th1 cytokines and increasing the potent Th2 cytokines. In addition, the production of TNF-α by risperidone-treated mature DCs will induce the death of neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mao-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tzung-Chieh
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Lu-Kai
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ya-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ming-Cheng
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Fu-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone