title: Subacute toxicity assessment of water disinfection byproducts on zebrafish.
abstract: Disinfection of raw water is essential to the production of drinking water. However, by-products of disinfection may exert toxic effects. The potential toxic effects of two of these compounds, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde (EBA) and 2,4-difluoroaniline (DFA) were investigated using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The two compounds, dissolved, were introduced in duplicate aquariums containing zebrafish in two different concentrations based on LC50 values. The aquarium water containing EBA or DFA was changed every 96 h throughout the 3 months of treatment. Behavior of the fish in each replicate was inspected twice daily. In course of treatment with both concentrations, fish exposed to DFA displayed behavior associated with visible anxiety, while EBA treated were lethargic and did not evade capture. Application of both concentrations of each component into the aquarium water resulted in dystrophic lesions in the liver, kidney and skin of the fish while preneoplastic lesions and tumors were not observed.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary. moczart@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rácz
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Csenki
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: Arpád
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegyi
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baska
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sujbert
authors.forename: Ivett
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zsákovics
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kis
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urbányi
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szende
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004203:Disinfection; D060766:Drinking Water; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C043454:2,4-difluoroaniline