title: Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who failed proton pump inhibitor therapy versus those who fully responded.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common, affecting up to 40% of the patients receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. However, there is not much information about the clinical characteristics of these patients. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical characteristics of PPI responders vs non-responders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive GERD patients receiving PPI once or twice daily were evaluated by a questionnaire and a personal interview regarding their demographics, habits, clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Patients who fully responded to PPI once daily (Group A, n = 111), patients who failed PPI once daily (Group B, n = 78) and patients who failed PPI twice daily (Group C, n = 56).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 245 patients (59.3% females, 52 ± 17.2 years of age) were included in this study. Cross-group differences (A vs B vs C) were detected for hiatal hernia (33% vs 51% vs 52%, P = 0.011); erosive esophagitis (19% vs 51% vs 30%, P < 0.0001); cough (24% vs 44% vs 43%, P = 0.007); sleep disturbances (19% vs 30% vs 38%, P = 0.033); chest symptoms (21% vs 35% vs 41%, P = 0.010); Helicobacter pylori status (25% vs 33% vs 48%, P < 0.0001), disease duration (1.6 ± 0.8 vs 1.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.0 ± 1.1 years, P = 0.007), performed lifestyle interventions (68.5% vs 46.7% vs 69.6%, P = 0.043) and compliance (84% vs 55% vs 46%, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPI failure (either once or twice daily) appears to be significantly associated with atypical GERD symptoms, disease duration and severity, H. pylori status, obesity, performed lifestyle interventions and compliance as compared with PPI responders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel. dickmanrw@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dickman
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boaz
authors.forename: Shoshanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aizic
authors.forename: Zaza
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Beniashvili
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fass
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niv