title: Flexible Ahmed valve for selected cases of refractory glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glaucoma drainage implants are a useful alternative in treating glaucomas that are resistant to medical therapy and conventional glaucoma filtration surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve implant for selected cases of refractory glaucoma regarding its efficiency in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible postoperative complications of its implantation and their management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients included in this study were selected from patients with uncontrolled IOP by conventional filtration surgery as well as maximum tolerable topical medical treatment when surgery or laser is unlikely to control IOP. For every patient, complete history of age, sex, and history of previous ocular disease was done. Ocular examination for IOP measurement, best-corrected visual acuity measurement, and condition of conjunctiva was done. Ahmed glaucoma valve flexible plate implant (FP7 and FP8) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study included 40 eyes of 40 patients and preoperative IOP ranged from 32 mmHg to 58 mmHg with a mean of 40.36 ± 7.78 mmHg. The postoperative IOP ranged between 14.0 mmHg and 28.0 mmHg with a mean of 18.73 ± 4.8 mmHg. The criteria of success were applied in 37 eyes of 40 eyes (92.5%); they included 30 eyes (81.8%) with absolute success and 7 eyes (18.9%) with partial success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve plate implant is a satisfactory method for controlling elevated IOP in cases of refractory glaucoma with success rate of 92.5% and lower incidence of immediate postoperative and implant-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. tharwatmokbel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tharwat H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mokbel
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.forename: Sherief E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: El-Khouly
authors.forename: Nasser O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: El-Metwally
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology