title: mTOR inhibitor-associated proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: The use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTOR-I) after kidney transplantation has been associated with a higher incidence of proteinuria compared with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). This review will focus on mTOR-I-associated proteinuria in different settings after kidney transplantation: de novo mTOR-I treatment in combination with CNI, de novo mTOR-I-containing and CNI-free treatment, early conversion from a CNI-based regimen to an mTOR-I-based regimen, and late conversion. Some possible mechanisms of mTOR-I-induced proteinuria will also be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. fdiekman@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diekmann
authors.forename: Amado
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrés
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D000068338:Everolimus; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000068338:Everolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus