title: Abandoning nature: swimming pools and clean, healthy recreation in Hamilton, Ontario, c. 1930s-1950s.
abstract: Municipal swimming pools arose as a technological fix for an urban public health and recreation crisis in Hamilton when its bay became a polluted sink for residential and industrial wastes. Until World War II, city leaders and medical authorities believed that they could identify, delineate, and construct safe natural swimming areas along the bay's shore, supplemented by a few public artificial swimming pools. After the war, the pollution situation worsened. For those who couldn't travel to cleaner lakeshores elsewhere, local authorities created swimming pools, thus abandoning the natural waters of the bay to the "constructive power of the profit motive".
authors.affiliation: McMaster University.
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Bouchier
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cruikshank
mesh_terms: D001493:Bathing Beaches / Q000266:history*; D061006:Bays; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009864:Ontario; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history*; D011998:Recreation / Q000266:history*; D013551:Swimming Pools / Q000266:history*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000266:history*