title: Importance of evaluating for cow's milk allergy in pediatric surgical patients with functional bowel symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cow's milk allergy (CMA) can cause functional bowel symptoms. This can lead to confusion and difficulty in managing pediatric surgical patients who also have CMA. We examined CMA's effect on the management of pediatric surgical patients in our institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  With institutional review board approval, 14 pediatric surgical patients with CMA were reviewed. Cow's milk allergy was diagnosed according to clinical findings and stimulation index (normal range <300%) of the lymphocyte stimulation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main symptoms were abdominal distension (n = 10), vomiting (n = 6), constipation (n = 2), and apnea (n = 1). Stimulation index median value was 731% (range, 341%-2132%). Patients were divided into 3 groups. In group 1 (n = 8), persistent postoperative bowel symptoms were initially considered related to surgical diseases. Following CMA diagnosis, CM elimination therapy improved symptoms. In group 2 (n = 4), CMA was diagnosed concurrently with surgical disease, and elimination therapy was continued postoperatively. In group 3 (n = 2), the pathogenesis of bowel symptoms was initially attributed to CMA and later diagnosed as Hirschsprung's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high index of suspicion regarding the possibility of concurrent CMA may be necessary to manage bowel symptoms in pediatric surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Etani
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology; D002404:Catheterization; D002417:Cattle; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000601:surgery; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007409:Intestinal Atresia / Q000601:surgery; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011852:Radioallergosorbent Test; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E