title: Application of electrolysis for detoxification of an antineoplastic in urine.
abstract: Antineoplastics in excreta from patients have been considered to be one of the origins of cytotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic contaminants in surface water. Recent studies have demonstrated that antineoplastics in clinical wastewater can be detoxified by electrolysis. In this study, to develop a method for the detoxification of antineoplastics in excreta, methotrexate solution in the presence of human urine was electrolyzed and evaluated. We found that urine inhibits detoxification by electrolysis; however, this inhibition decreased by diluting urine. In urine samples, the concentrations of active chlorine generated by anodic oxidation from 0.9% NaCl solution for inactivation of antineoplastics increased in dilution-dependent and time-dependent manner. These results indicate that electrolysis with platinum-based iridium oxide composite electrode is a possible method for the detoxification of a certain antineoplastic in urine.
authors.affiliation: Project Team for Medical Application of Electrolysis, Central Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyohide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ijiri
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takiuchi
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D004566:Electrodes; D004572:Electrolysis; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D014873:Water Pollutants; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002713:Chlorine; D008727:Methotrexate