title: Polymorphisms of CCL3L1/CCR5 genes and recurrence of hepatitis B in liver transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genetic diversity of chemokines and chemokine receptors has been associated with the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the copy number variation in the CCL3L1 gene and the polymorphisms of CCR5Δ32 and CCR5-2459A→G (rs1799987) are associated with recurrent hepatitis B in liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus infection-related end-stage liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 185 transplant recipients were enrolled in this study. The genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, the copy number of the CCL3L1 gene was determined by a quantitative real-time PCR based assay, CCR5Δ32 was detected by a sizing PCR method, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism in CCR5-2459 was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No CCR5Δ32 mutation was detected in any of the individuals from China. Neither copy number variation nor polymorphism in CCR5-2459 was associated with post-transplant re-infection with hepatitis B virus. However, patients with fewer copies (<4) of the CCL3L1 gene compared with the population median in combination with the CCR5G allele had a significantly higher risk for recurrent hepatitis B (odds ratio=1.93, 95% CI: 1.00-3.69; P=0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients possessing the compound decreased functional genotype of both CCL3L1 and CCR5 genes might be more likely to have recurrence of hepatitis B after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ting-Bo
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D012333:RNA, Messenger