title: Pharmacogenetics in chronic heart failure: new developments and current challenges.
abstract: The individual patient responses to chronic heart failure (HF) pharmacotherapies are highly variable. This variability cannot be entirely explained by clinical characteristics, and genetic variation may play a role. Therefore, this review will summarize the background pharmacogenetic literature for major HF pharmacotherapy classes (ie, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, digoxin, and loop diuretics), evaluate recent advances in the HF pharmacogenetic literature in the context of previous findings, and discuss the challenges and conclusions for HF pharmacogenetic data and its clinical application.
authors.affiliation: UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Jasmine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Talameh
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lanfear
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004077:Digoxin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D004077:Digoxin