title: Primary oral melanoma: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 22 cases of Latin America.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 22 cases of primary oral melanomas (OM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty two cases of primary oral melanoma were analyzed by description of their histopathological features and immunohistochemical study using the antibodies S-100, HMB-45, Melan-A and Ki-67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 58 years and 14 cases were female. The main affected sites were the hard palate, followed by the upper gingiva. Microscopically, 15 cases presented level III of invasion, 2 cases were amelanotic and 13 showed a mixed epithelioid and plasmacytoid or spindle cells composition. Some cases showed necrosis, perivascular and perineural invasion. S-100 and HMB-45 were positive in all cases, but 3 cases were negative for Melan-A. The proliferative index with Ki-67 was high, with labeling index ranging from 15.51% to 63% of positive cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S-100 and HMB-45 are more frequently expressed than Melan-A in primary oral melanomas and these markers are helpful to confirm the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. augustodelima33@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bruno-Augusto-Benevenuto
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: de-Andrade
authors.forename: Víctor-Hugo
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Toral-Rizo
authors.forename: Jorge-Esquiche
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Román
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Delgado-Azañero
authors.forename: Adalberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosqueda-Taylor
authors.forename: Oslei-Paes
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: de-Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D007843:Latin America; D058965:MART-1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; C548637:PMEL protein, human; D009418:S100 Proteins; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen