title: Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Community epidemiological data on the prevalence and correlates of adolescent mental disorders are needed for policy planning purposes. Only limited data of this sort are available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present estimates of 12-month and 30-day prevalence, persistence (12-month prevalence among lifetime cases and 30-day prevalence among 12-month cases), and sociodemographic correlates of commonly occurring DSM-IV disorders among adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement is a US national survey of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders among US adolescents based on face-to-face interviews in the homes of respondents with supplemental parent questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dual-frame household and school samples of US adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10,148 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (interviews) and 1 parent of each adolescent (questionnaires).
  
  
  METHODS
  The DSM-IV disorders assessed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview and validated with blinded clinical interviews based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. Good concordance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥0.80) was found between Composite International Diagnostic Interview and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence estimates of any DSM-IV disorder are 40.3% at 12 months (79.5% of lifetime cases) and 23.4% at 30 days (57.9% of 12-month cases). Anxiety disorders are the most common class of disorders, followed by behavior, mood, and substance disorders. Although relative disorder prevalence is quite stable over time, 30-day to 12-month prevalence ratios are higher for anxiety and behavior disorders than mood or substance disorders, suggesting that the former are more chronic than the latter. The 30-day to 12-month prevalence ratios are generally lower than the 12-month to lifetime ratios, suggesting that disorder persistence is due more to episode recurrence than to chronicity. Sociodemographic correlates are largely consistent with previous studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among US adolescents, DSM-IV disorders are highly prevalent and persistent. Persistence is higher for adolescents than among adults and appears to be due more to recurrence than chronicity of child-adolescent onset disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ncs@hcp.med.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Shelli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avenevoli
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Katholiki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Georgiades
authors.forename: Jennifer Greif
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koretz
authors.forename: Katie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petukhova
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zaslavsky
authors.forename: Kathleen Ries
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Merikangas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology