title: A 5-year prospective multicenter study of early loaded titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For dental implants to be successful, osseointegration must occur, but it is unknown how much time must pass for osseointegration to be established. Preclinical studies suggested that titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface were more osteoconductive and allowed more rapid osseointegration than machined or turned implant surfaces. The hypothesis of this study was that implants with an SLA surface could be loaded in half the conventional healing time of machined-surface implants and that, after loading, the implants would be successful for 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted with 439 implants placed in native bone in 135 edentulous and partially edentulous patients. Abutments were attached to the implant with 35 Ncm of torque without countertorque after 6 weeks in type I to III bone and after 12 weeks in type IV bone. The patients were carefully evaluated for 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most implants were placed in nonsmoking, nondiabetic patients with a mean age of 55 years (range, 21 to 82 years). Eighty percent of the implants were 10 or 12 mm long, 96% had a diameter of 4.1 mm, and 78% were placed in type II or III bone. Patients maintained good oral hygiene and were satisfied with the restorations. Four implants failed, and one implant was deemed unsuccessful between surgery and the 1-year postloading visit. No implants failed or were unsuccessful in subsequent years. The cumulative survival and success rates for 385 implants in 120 patients after 5 years were 99.1% and 98.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implants with an SLA surface can be restored in 6 weeks for type I to III bone and 12 weeks for type IV bone. Furthermore, they can be maintained after loading for 5 years with very high success and survival rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Dental School, 78229-3900, USA. Cochran@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: ten Bruggenkate
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buser
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weingart
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schoolfield
authors.forename: Archie A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Oates
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium