title: Comparison of self-perceived oral health, periodontal inflammatory conditions and socioeconomic status in individuals with and without prediabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to compare the self-perceived oral health, periodontal inflammatory conditions and socioeconomic status (SES) in patients with and without prediabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine individuals [19 patients with prediabetes (test group) and 20 control individuals (control group)], at least 20 years old were included. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (4 to <6 mm and ≥6 mm) and number of missing teeth were recorded. Fasting blood glucose levels were recorded, and marginal bone loss was measured on radiographs. SES, education status, self-perceived oral health, family history of diabetes and tobacco habits were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ages of individuals in the test and control groups were 40.6 and 42.3 years, respectively. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (4 to <6 mm and ≥6 mm) and number of missing teeth were higher in the test group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Premolar and molar marginal bone loss was higher in the test group as compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Self-perceived bleeding gums was more often reported by individuals in the test group as compared with the control group. A poor SES and education status was higher among individuals in the test group as compared with the control group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-perceived gingival bleeding and clinical periodontal inflammation were severe in patients with prediabetes as compared with controls. An underprivileged SES aggravated periodontal conditions in patients with prediabetes.
authors.affiliation: Eng A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. fawjav@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fawad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Askar
authors.forename: Abdulaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Babay
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galindo-Moreno
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Hezaimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014070:Tooth
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose