title: Bone quantitative ultrasound measurements in relation to the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cohort of elderly subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease from the PREDIMED study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine whether metabolic syndrome, its individual components, or the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with a better bone status estimated by quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  251 elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk from the PREDIMED study were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  MetS was defined according to the ATPIII diagnosis criteria. Calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS) assessment was performed using the Sahara system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with MetS showed significantly lower 24-hour urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine (u-DPD/creatinine) levels and higher broadband ultrasound attenuation, and a tendency to higher bone mineral density (BMD) and quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) than their counterparts. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed a significantly higher bone broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and QUI than their non-diabetic counterparts, despite they shown a higher prevalence of osteoporotic fractures. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that quantitative ultrasound parameters were positively associated with the metabolic syndrome and T2DM. Of the bone biochemical markers, only u-DPD/creatinine was related to MetS, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia component of the MetS, and the number of features that define the MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study showing a positive association between MetS or T2DM with better bone status and lower bone resorption markers measured by quantitative ultrasound. Our results suggest that metabolic abnormalities have a positive effect on healthy bone in elderly subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Aloy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basora
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvado
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D015519:Bone Density; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000652:urine; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; C036020:deoxypyridinoline; D003404:Creatinine