title: The use of implanted programmable infusion pumps in the management of nonmalignant, chronic low-back pain.
abstract: Objectives.  To assess the mode-of-use of implanted programmable infusion pumps in patients with nonmalignant, chronic low-back pain. Materials and Methods.  Charts from 101 consecutive eligible patients were analyzed retrospectively. Data were extracted relating to patient demographics, pump mode of infusion and flow rate, and medications used. Results.  Morphine was the agent most frequently used and most patients received one medication at each visit. At the last visit, 94.1% of patients were receiving constant-flow treatment; 90.1% had received such treatment for ≥ six months and 68.3% throughout the entire analysis period. For patients attaining constant-flow treatment, mean time from implantation to start of such treatment was 2.7 months. Discussion.  The results suggest that many patients with nonmalignant low-back pain could be implanted with a constant-flow pump when their programmable device needs replacing or, in some cases, at the start of intrathecal treatment. This would reduce costs and the requirement for surgery.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; and              Codman & Shurtleff Inc., Raynham, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Staats
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lilienfeld