title: Updates on the relation of weight excess and reproductive function in men: sleep apnea as a new area of interest.
abstract: Obesity has a negative effect on male reproductive function. It is associated with low testosterone levels and alteration in gonadotropin secretion. Male obesity has been linked to reduced male fertility. Data regarding the relation of obesity to sperm parameters are conflicting in terms of the nature and magnitude of the effect. New areas of interest are emerging that can help explain the variation in study results, such as genetic polymorphism and sleep apnea. Sleep disorders have been linked to altered testosterone production and hypogonadism in men. It was also correlated to erectile dysfunction. The relation of sleep disorders to male fertility and sperm parameters remains to be investigated. Men with hypogonadism and infertility should be screened for sleep apnea. Treatment of obesity and sleep apnea improves testosterone levels and erectile function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, 84108, USA. ahmad.hammoud@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Ahmad O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Hammoud
authors.forename: Douglas T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Carrell
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: C Matthew
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: A Wayne
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Meikle
mesh_terms: D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone