title: Effectiveness of nasopharyngoscopic biofeedback in clients with cleft palate speech: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review analyzing the effectiveness of nasopharyngoscopic biofeedback in clients with cleft lip and palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extensive electronic search and analysis of the databases of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycInfo, CINAHL, AMED, Journals@Ovid, and German Databases, including all papers published since 1970 plus a manual search of the Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal (1970-3/2010).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Their analysis reflects a low level of evidence and a broad heterogeneity concerning age range, intervention methods, and outcome measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyzed studies show that nasopharyngoscopy may be effective only in combination with traditional speech therapy in helping patients with cleft palate speech optimize their velopharyngeal closure in articulation, but the quantity and quality of studies are limited.
authors.affiliation: Pedagogics and Therapy of Speech and Language Disorders, University of Cologne, Germany. sandra.neumann@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romonath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010699:Phonation; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013070:Speech Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult