title: Comparison of aerobic exercise, diet or both on lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given that previous studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the effects of diet (D), aerobic exercise (E) or both (DE) on blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in adults, the meta-analytic approach was used to address this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine electronic databases, cross-referencing, and expert review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials ≥ 4 weeks that included a D, E, DE and control (C) group in adults ≥ 18 years of age and in which data for one or more of the following were available: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dual data extraction by the first two authors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random-effects models as well as mixed-effects models for between-group differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven-hundred and eighty-eight men and women from 6 studies were included. Non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals were observed for D and DE with respect to lowering TC, LDL-C and TG while reductions in E were limited to TG. No significant changes in HDL-C were observed. When compared to E, reductions in TC and LDL-C were greater for D and DE (p < 0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diet, especially DE, are superior to E for improving selected lipids and lipoproteins in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, United States. gkelley@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Kristi S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haskell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides