title: Highly wrinkled cross-linked graphene oxide membranes for biological and charge-storage applications.
abstract: Inspired by the amphiphilicity of graphene oxide (GO), the surface of water is used as a template for the assembly of a GO film. Methacrylate-functionalized GO sheets can be cross-linked instantaneously at the water-air interface to form a highly wrinkled membrane spreading over an extended area. The multiple covalent linkages amongst the GO sheets enhances the in-plane stiffness of the film compared to noncovalently bonded GO films. The highly convoluted GO membrane can be used in two applications: the promoting of spontaneous stem-cell differentiation towards bone cell lineage without any chemical inducers, and for supercapacitor electrodes. Due to reduced van der Waals restacking, capacitance values up to 211 F g(-1)  can be obtained. The scalable and inexpensive nature of this assembly route enables the engineering of membranes for applications in regenerative medicine and energy-storage devices where secondary structures like nanotopography and porosity are important performance enhancers.
authors.affiliation: Graphene Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lena A L
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wong Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ethel Y L
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadovoy
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorelik
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hobley
authors.forename: Chwee Teck
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kian Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Loh