title: The metabolism of steroids, toxins and drugs by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1.
abstract: 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform 1 (11β-HSD1) is a member of the alcohol short-chain family enzyme, and catalyzes the interconversion between active glucocorticoid cortisol (in human) and inactive cortisone. The redox ratio of NADP+/NADPH determines its direction with NADPH favoring its reductase activity and NADP+ favoring its oxidase activity. In many tissues such as the liver and lung, 11β-HSD1 behaves primarily as a reductase because of the intracellular enzyme coupling with hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which uses the NADP+ as cofactor to supply NADPH driving 11β-HSD1 to function as a reductase. 11β-HSD1 catalyzes the metabolism of 7- or 11-keto steroids as well as many toxins and drugs. Some steroids, drugs and toxins are metabolically activated. The present review discusses the steroid, drug and toxin metabolism by 11β-HSD1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guo-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qing-Quan
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Ren-Shan
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003348:Cortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013256:Steroids; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone