title: A novel obesity model: synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenesis of obesity remains incompletely understood and the exploration of the role of novel proteins in obesity may provide important insights into its causes and treatments. Here, we report a previously unidentified role for synphilin-1 in the control of food intake and body weight. Synphilin-1, a cytoplasmic protein, was initially identified as an interaction partner of alpha-synuclein, and has implications in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis related to protein aggregation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study the in vivo role of synphilin-1, we characterized a human synphilin-1 transgenic mouse (SP1) by assessing synphilin-1 expression, plasma parameters, food intake and spontaneous activity to determine the major behavioral changes and their consequences in the development of the obesity phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of human synphilin-1 in brain neurons in SP1 mice resulted in increased food intake, body weight and body fat. SP1 mice also displayed hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia and impaired glucose tolerance. Pair-feeding SP1 mice to amounts consumed by non-transgenic mice prevented the increased body weight, adiposity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia demonstrating that these were all the consequences of increased food intake. Transgenic expression of synphilin-1 was enriched in hypothalamic nuclei involved in feeding control, and fasting-induced elevated endogenous synphilin-1 levels at these sites, suggesting that synphilin-1 is an important player in the hypothalamic energy balance regulatory system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies identify a novel function of synphilin-1 in controlling food intake and body weight, and may provide a unique obesity model for future studies of obesity pathogenesis and therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K L K
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aja
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ladenheim
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C498464:Sncaip protein, mouse