title: Germinal center texture entropy as possible indicator of humoral immune response: immunophysiology viewpoint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article, we present the results indicating that spleen germinal center (GC) texture entropy determined by gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method is related to humoral immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spleen tissue was obtained from eight outbred male short-haired guinea pigs previously immunized by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). A total of 312 images from 39 germinal centers (156 GC light zone images and 156 GC dark zone images) were acquired and analyzed by GLCM method. Angular second moment, contrast, correlation, entropy, and inverse difference moment were calculated for each image. Humoral immune response to SRBC was measured using T cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically highly significant negative correlation was detected between light zone entropy and the number of TDAR plaque-forming cells (r                            (s) = -0.86, p < 0.01). The entropy decreased as the plaque-forming cells increased and vice versa. A statistically significant negative correlation was also detected between dark zone entropy values and the number of plaque-forming cells (r                            (s) = -0.69, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Germinal center texture entropy may be a powerful indicator of humoral immune response. This study is one of the first to point out the potential scientific value of GLCM image texture analysis in lymphoid tissue cytoarchitecture evaluation. Lymphoid tissue texture analysis could become an important and affordable addition to the conventional immunophysiology techniques.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26/II, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. igor.pantic@med.bg.ac.rs
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pantic
authors.forename: Senka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pantic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019277:Entropy; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep