title: Renal histology and immunohistochemistry after acute hemorrhage in rats under sevoflurane and ketoprofen effect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of intravenous nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ketoprofen (keto), on kidney histological changes and kidney cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), levels after hemorrhage of 30% of volemia (three times 10%, intervals of 10 min) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under sevoflurane (sevo) anesthesia, sevo and sevo+keto groups (10 rats each) were instrumented for Ringer solution (5 mL/kg/h) administration and mean arterial pressure (MAP) evaluation, plus keto (1.5mg/kg) administration in sevo+keto group in the beginning of anesthesia. Rectal temperature was continuously measured. The baseline data of temperature and MAP were collected at the first hemorrhage (T1), the third hemorrhage (T2) and 30 min after T2 (T3). Bilateral nephrectomy was achieved for histology and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, temperature and MAP diminished from initial values. Hypothermia was greater in sevo group (p=0.0002). Tubular necrosis was more frequent in sevo group (p=0.02). The studied cytokines were equally present in the kidneys of both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketoprofen was more protective to the rat kidney in condition of anesthesia with sevoflurane and hypovolemia, but it seems that TNF-α and IL-1 were not involved in that protection.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Sobreira
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.forename: Deyvid Santos da
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Marcela Marcondes Pinto
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Leopoldo Muniz da
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Renée Laufer
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: Pedro Thadeu Galvão
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Yara Marcondes Machado
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Castiglia
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007660:Ketoprofen