title: Low-temperature synthesis of indium tin oxide nanowires as the transparent electrodes for organic light emitting devices.
abstract: Low-temperature growth of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires (NWs) was obtained on catalyst-free amorphous glass substrates at 250 °C by Nd:YAG pulsed-laser deposition. These ITO NWs have branching morphology as grown in Ar ambient. As suggested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), our ITO NWs have the tendency to grow vertically outward from the substrate surface, with the (400) plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nanowires. These NWs are low in electrical resistivity (1.6×10⁻⁴ Ω cm) and high in visible transmittance (~90–96%), and were tested as the electrode for organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). An enhanced current density of ~30 mA cm⁻² was detected at bias voltages of ~19–21 V with uniform and bright emission. We found that the Hall mobility of these NWs is 2.2–2.7 times higher than that of ITO film, which can be explained by the reduction of Coulomb scattering loss. These results suggested that ITO nanowires are promising for applications in optoelectronic devices including OLED, touch screen displays, and photovoltaic solar cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yeh Yee
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: Sek Sean
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Thian Khok
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Chen Hon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nee
authors.forename: Seong Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Teck Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tou
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sáfrán
authors.forename: Zsolt Endre
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moscatello
authors.forename: Yoke Khin
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yap
mesh_terms: D004566:Electrodes; D008027:Light; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017971:Tin Compounds; C109984:indium tin oxide