title: Evaluation of defecative function 5 years or longer after laparoscopic-assisted pull-through for imperforate anus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic anorectoplasty was introduced in 2000, but the procedure has not yet gained universal acceptance. Previous studies, including ours, reported satisfactory early postoperative outcome as compared with posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), but mid- to long-term results are not available. Here, we aim to evaluate the mid- to long-term defecative function in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was carried out and included all patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty for high-/intermediate-type imperforate anus between 2001 and 2005. Their degree of continence was graded according to the Krickenbeck classification and compared with historical controls treated with PSARP. The results were compared using χ(2) test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 18 patients who underwent laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LAR) in the study period. They were compared with 20 historical PSARP patients. For defecation sensation, 16 of the 18 LAR patients were positive, whereas there were 16 of 20 PSARP patients. Eight LAR patients were clean without any fecal soiling or incontinence (11/20 PSARP). Only 3 of 18 LAR had constipation as compared with 7 of 20 PSARP. The need for rectal enema for evacuation was seen in 1 of 20 LAR patients and 2 of 20 PSARP patients (for all categories, P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mid- to long-term follow-up study revealed satisfactory defecative function for patients with high-/intermediate-type imperforate anus after LAR. The outcome is at least as good as PSARP. Longer term follow-up with larger sample size is necessary to demonstrate the benefits of LAR over PSARP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. kkywong@hku.hk
authors.forename: Kenneth K Y
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Xuanzhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ivy H Y
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Paul K H
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000601:surgery*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003672:Defecation; D004733:Enema; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome