title: Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Harvey Cushing: two forefathers of neuroscience and neurosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the extraordinary accomplishments, and the commonalities, between Santiago Ramon y Cajal and Harvey Williams Cushing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Existing literature describing the lives and achievements of Ramón y Cajal and Cushing, as well as personal communication, and the surgical records of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, from 1896 to 1912, were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Ramón y Cajal and Cushing were men of unusually broad interests and talents, and these shared characteristics undoubtedly influenced the career paths and scientific investigations they pursued. Although Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Harvey Williams Cushing never directly interacted, the links between them can be traced through some of their disciples, including Pío del Río Hortega, Wilder Penfield, and Percival Bailey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ramón y Cajal and Cushing are widely considered the forefathers of neuroscience and neurosurgery, respectively, and their discoveries have made lasting impressions on both the scientific and medical communities.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Grettel J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zamora-Berridi
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pendleton
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Aaron A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cohen-Gadol
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Hinojosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015142:Baltimore; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000266:history*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000266:history*; D013030:Spain; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000266:history; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000266:history