title: Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid adhering to lung surfactant. Experiment on intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide with different diameters.
abstract: Nickel oxide with two different particle sizes, micron size (NiO) and submicron size (nNiOm), as well as crystalline silica as a positive control and titanium dioxide as a negative control, were intratracheally instilled in rats and the phospholipid concentration and the protein concentration and surface tension of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which are used in surfactant assessment, were measured to see if they could be effective biomarkers in toxicity assessment. The results showed that the NiO instilled group showed no significant difference compared to the control group throughout the observation period. In contrast, a significant difference was found in the nNiOm instilled group compared to the control group throughout the observation period. Moreover, a significant difference was found in the crystalline silica instilled group for each measurement compared to the control group while for the titanium dioxide group, almost no significant difference was found. These results indicate that submicronsized particles of nickel oxide with smaller median diameters potentially have a stronger biological effect than micron size particles. They also indicate that screening can be done by measuring the phospholipid concentration and the protein concentration and surface tension of BALF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kadoya
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogami
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myojo
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyabu
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todoroki
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D013500:Surface Tension / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D009532:Nickel; C028007:nickel monoxide; D014025:Titanium