title: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 are not required for GnRH neuron development and normal female reproductive axis function in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Selective deletion of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and ERK2 in the pituitary gonadotrope and ovarian granulosa cells disrupts female reproductive axis function. Thus, we asked if ERK1 and ERK2 are critical for GnRH neuron ontogeny or the central control of female reproductive function.
  
  
  METHODS
  GnRH-Cre-recombinase (Cre+) expressing mice were crossed with mice with a global deletion of ERK1 and a floxed ERK2 allele (Erk1-/Erk2fl/fl) to selectively delete ERK2 in GnRH neurons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cre-recombinase mRNA was selectively expressed in the brain of Cre+ mice. GnRH neuron number and location were determined during embryogenesis and in the adult. GnRH neuron counts at E15 did not differ between experimental and control groups (1,198 ± 65 and 1,160 ± 80 respectively, p = NS). In adults, numbers of GnRH neurons in the GnRHCre+Erk1-/Erk2- mice (741 ± 157) were similar to those in controls (756 ± 7), without alteration in their distribution across the forebrain. ERK1 and 2 deficiency did not alter the timing of vaginal opening, age at first estrus, or estrous cyclicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although ERK1 and 2 are components of a dominant signaling pathway in GnRH neuronal cells that modulates survival and control of GnRH gene expression, other signaling pathways compensate for their deletion in vivo to allow GnRH neuron survival and targeting and normal onset of female sexual maturation and reproductive function. In contrast to effects at the pituitary and the ovary, ERK1 and ERK2 are dispensable at the level of the GnRH neuron.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wierman
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bliesner
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roberson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D052681:Gonadotrophs / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases