title: [Molluscicidal effect of Phytolacca americana linn leaf against Oncomelania hupensis and its acute toxicity].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the molluscicidal activity, the influence on glycogen content of Oncomelania hupensis and the acute toxicity to zebra fish of the extract from Phytolacca americana Linn leaf.
  
  
  METHODS
  The different polar factions of the extract of Phytolacca americana Linn leaf were separated by using the systemic solvent segregation method, and then the molluscicidal activity of the fractions was detected according to the Laboratory Final Milluscicides Screening Method issued by WHO. The glycogen content of soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis treated by the ethyl acetate polar fraction was determined by the anthrone method. Finally, the acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate polar fraction to non-targets was studied with zebra fish.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethyl acetate polar fraction was the best active components against the snails. Its 48 h LC50 and LC90 were 6.0 mg/100 ml and 26.1 mg/ 100 ml, respectively. The glycogen content of soft tissues of the snails decreased by 20% after treated with the fraction. The fish treated by the concentration of LC50 (48 h) of the ethyl acetate polar fraction survived for 12 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Phytolacca americana Linn leaf possesses an adequate molluscicidal activity and a significant acute toxicity to the zebra fish.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bang-Xing
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chen-Guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chun-Xiao
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006003:Glycogen / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010571:Pest Control; D029604:Phytolacca americana / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006003:Glycogen