title: Toward understanding transverse relaxation in human brain through its field dependence.
abstract: Apparent transverse-relaxation rate constants (R₂⁺ = 1/T₂⁺) were measured in various regions of the healthy human brain using a multiecho adiabatic spin-echo sequence at five different magnetic fields, 1.5, 1.9, 3, 4.7, and 7 T. The R₂⁺ values showed a clear dependence on magnetic field strength (B(0) ). The regional distribution of the R ₂⁺ was well explained by the sum of three components: (1) regional nonhemin iron concentration ([Fe]), (2) regional macromolecular mass fraction (f(M) ), and (3) a region-independent factor. Accordingly, R₂⁺ = α[Fe] + βf(M) + γ, where coefficients α, β, and γ were experimentally determined at each magnetic field by a least square fitting method using multiple regression analysis. Although the coefficient α linearly increased with B(0) , β showed a quadratic dependence on top of a field-independent component. The coefficient γ also increased slightly with B(0) on top of a field-independent component. The linear dependence of α on B(0) was consistent with that observed for the transverse-relaxation rate of water protons in ferritin solutions as found previously by others. The quadratic dependence of β on B(0) was accounted for by isochronous and anisochronous exchange mechanisms using intrinsic-relaxation parameters obtained from the literature.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. mitumori@nies.go.jp
authors.forename: Fumiyuki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takaya
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garwood
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: Shalom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michaeli
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity