title: Quantitative aspects of the clinical performance of transverse tripolar spinal cord stimulation.
abstract: A multicenter study was initiated to evaluate the performance of the transverse tripolar system for spinal cord stimulation. Computer modeling had predicted steering of paresthesia with a dual channel stimulator to be the main benefit of the system. The quantitative analysis presented here includes the results of 484 tests in 30 patients. For each test, paresthesia coverage as a function of voltage levels was stored in a computerized database, including a body map which enabled calculation of the degree of paresthesia coverage of separate body areas, as well as the overlap with the painful areas. The results show that with the transverse tripolar system steering of the paresthesia is possible, although optimal steering requires proper placement of the electrode with respect to the spinal cord. Therefore, with this steering ability as well as a larger therapeutic stimulation window as compared to conventional systems, we expect an increase of the long-term efficacy of spinal cord stimulation. Moreover, in view of the stimulation-induced paresthesia patterns, the system allows selective stimulation of the medial dorsal columns.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands and                    Neurological Division, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota USA.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wesselink
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holsheimer
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Boom