title: Physical examination of the athlete's elbow.
abstract: Elbow injury is encountered less frequently than are other joint conditions. The bony architecture, muscle, ligament, and nerve anatomy are complex, and the forces leading to injury in the athlete's elbow are unique. Appreciating the pathomechanics leading to injury and a detailed knowledge of elbow anatomy are the foundation for conducting a directed history and physical examination that achieves an accurate diagnosis. Recent advances in physical examination have improved our ability to accurately diagnose and treat athletic elbow disorders. This article reviews general and focused physical examination maneuvers of the elbow in a systematic anatomic fashion.
authors.affiliation: Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Columbia University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Todd C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004550:Elbow / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D000092464:Elbow Injuries