title: Determination of an optimal dose of medetomidine-ketamine-buprenorphine for anaesthesia in the Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris).
abstract: The optimal dose of medetomidine-ketamine-buprenorphine was determined in 25 Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) undergoing surgical implantation of a temperature logger into the abdominal cavity. At the end of anaesthesia, the squirrels were given atipamezole intramuscularly to reverse the effects of medetomidine. The mean dose of medetomidine was 67.6 +/- 9.2microg/kg, ketamine 13.6 +/- 1.9 mg/kg and buprenorphine 0.5 +/- 0.06 microg/kg. Induction time was 3.1 +/- 1.4 min. This produced surgical anaesthesia for 21 +/- 4.2 min. Atipamezole 232 +/- 92 microg/kg produced a rapid recovery. Squirrels were sternally recumbent in 3.5 +/- 2.2 min.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology, Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. hypnyx@wbs.co.za
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jouber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Serfontein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scantlebury
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Manjerovice
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Waterman
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012589:Sciuridae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002047:Buprenorphine; D007649:Ketamine; D020926:Medetomidine