title: Hair shaft damage from heat and drying time of hair dryer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hair dryers are commonly used and can cause hair damage such as roughness, dryness and loss of hair color. It is important to understand the best way to dry hair without causing damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study assessed changes in the ultra-structure, morphology, moisture content, and color of hair after repeated shampooing and drying with a hair dryer at a range of temperatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized drying time was used to completely dry each hair tress, and each tress was treated a total of 30 times. Air flow was set on the hair dryer. The tresses were divided into the following five test groups: (a) no treatment, (b) drying without using a hair dryer (room temperature, 20℃), (c) drying with a hair dryer for 60 seconds at a distance of 15 cm (47℃), (d) drying with a hair dryer for 30 seconds at a distance of 10 cm (61℃), (e) drying with a hair dryer for 15 seconds at a distance of 5 cm (95℃). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and lipid TEM were performed. Water content was analyzed by a halogen moisture analyzer and hair color was measured with a spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hair surfaces tended to become more damaged as the temperature increased. No cortex damage was ever noted, suggesting that the surface of hair might play a role as a barrier to prevent cortex damage. Cell membrane complex was damaged only in the naturally dried group without hair dryer. Moisture content decreased in all treated groups compared to the untreated control group. However, the differences in moisture content among the groups were not statistically significant. Drying under the ambient and 95℃ conditions appeared to change hair color, especially into lightness, after just 10 treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although using a hair dryer causes more surface damage than natural drying, using a hair dryer at a distance of 15 cm with continuous motion causes less damage than drying hair naturally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonhee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youn-Duk
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Long-Quan
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Xinghai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Won-Soo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee