title: Do bantams (Gallus gallus domesticus) amodally complete partly occluded lines? An analysis of line classification performance.
abstract: Humans perceive a line touching an edge of a large rectangle longer than the reality. Kanizsa (1979) has suggested that this illusion occurs because we perceive that the line is partly "hidden" behind the rectangle and automatically completes it. We tested whether bantams (Gallus gallus domesticus) would experience this perceptual phenomenon using a line classification task on the touch monitor, which was used in our previous study with rhesus monkeys and pigeons (Fujita, 2001). We trained three bantams to classify six lengths of black target lines into two categories, "short" or "long," ignoring a gray rectangle (Experiment 1) or a gray area (i.e., a left or a right half of the monitor was filled with gray; Experiment 2) located at the same distance (8 pixels) from the target line. In the test, the gap between the line and the gray rectangle (or area) sometimes changed (0, 4, or 8 pixels; we labeled these stimuli as G0, G4, and G8 respectively). Both of the two successfully trained bantams showed an illusion for G0, but the direction of illusion was reversed; that is, they judged the line in G0 to be "shorter" than that in G4 and G8. Further analyses proved that neither the gaps between the target line and the gray rectangle nor the total widths of the stimuli could account for the bantams' responses. These results suggest that bantams do not complete the "occluded" portion even when identification of its shape is not required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, Faculty of Letters, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. nnakamura.illusion@gmail.com
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Sota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Betsuyaku
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance