title: Dietary habits and prostate cancer prevention: a review of observational studies by focusing on South America.
abstract: There exist several works considering the association between diet and prostate cancer (PC) risk, but the issue is largely unsettled. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological studies on diet and risk of PC focusing on those carried out in countries of South America. There is some suggestion that dairy products, red meat, processed meat, α-linolenic fatty acids, as well as dietary patterns characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meat, eggs, and grains may play some role in the development of PC. There is no clear association with the intake of vegetables and fruits, lycopene, fats, and different types of fatty acids. The evidence on diet and PC is therefore inconclusive in general and specifically in South America. Particular attention must be paid to the study of cancer risk in some countries of South America because of the singularly risky dietary pattern consumed by its population.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Estadística y Bioestadística, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niclis
authors.forename: María del Pilar
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Aldo Renato
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Eynard
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Román
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity; D002118:Calcium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D003611:Dairy Products; D004531:Eggs; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids; D012643:Selenium; D001151:Arsenic; D000077276:Lycopene; D002118:Calcium