title: Wheat gliadins modified by deamidation are more efficient than native gliadins in inducing a Th2 response in Balb/c mice experimentally sensitized to wheat allergens.
abstract: METHODS
  Wheat gluten proteins such as gliadins constitute major food allergens. Gluten can be modified industrially by deamidation which increases its solubility and enhances its use as a food ingredient. Sensitization to deamidated gluten has been reported to cause severe allergic reactions with anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the sensitization and elicitation potentials of native (NG) and deamidated (DG) gliadins. The reactivity pattern of mice IgE was also compared with that of DG-allergic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ability of DG to sensitize Balb/c mice using intra-peritoneal administration with aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant, and to elicit an allergic response after a challenge, was tested in comparison with NG. Mice sensitized with DG secreted higher levels of total IgE, IL-4, gliadin-specific IgE and IgG1 than mice sensitized with NG. By contrast, mice sensitized with NG produced higher levels of gliadin-specific IgG2a and INFγ. After a challenge, histamine levels were higher in mice sensitised with DG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DG can sensitize mice much more efficiently than NG. Moreover, this mouse model of allergy to DG revealed an IgE reactivity pattern against purified gliadins which was very similar to that of DG-allergic patients.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1268, Unité de Recherche sur les Biopolymères, Leurs Interactions et Assemblages, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gourbeyre
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denery-Papini
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larré
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gaudin
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brossard
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodinier
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005903:Gliadin