title: Cellular oxido-reductive proteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii control the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elucidation of molecular mechanism of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) biosynthesis is important to control its size, shape and monodispersity. The evaluation of molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of SNPs is of prime importance for the commercialization and methodology development for controlling the shape and size (uniform distribution) of SNPs. The unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was exploited as a model system to elucidate the role of cellular proteins in SNPs biosynthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C. reinhardtii cell free extract (in vitro) and in vivo cells mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles reveals SNPs of size range 5 ± 1 to 15 ± 2 nm and 5 ± 1 to 35 ± 5 nm respectively. In vivo biosynthesized SNPs were localized in the peripheral cytoplasm and at one side of flagella root, the site of pathway of ATP transport and its synthesis related enzymes. This provides an evidence for the involvement of oxidoreductive proteins in biosynthesis and stabilization of SNPs. Alteration in size distribution and decrease of synthesis rate of SNPs in protein-depleted fractions confirmed the involvement of cellular proteins in SNPs biosynthesis. Spectroscopic and SDS-PAGE analysis indicate the association of various proteins on C. reinhardtii mediated in vivo and in vitro biosynthesized SNPs. We have identified various cellular proteins associated with biosynthesized (in vivo and in vitro) SNPs by using MALDI-MS-MS, like ATP synthase, superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase, ferredoxin-NADP⁺ reductase, histone etc. However, these proteins were not associated on the incubation of pre-synthesized silver nanoparticles in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present study provides the indication of involvement of molecular machinery and various cellular proteins in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. In this report, the study is mainly focused towards understanding the role of diverse cellular protein in the synthesis and capping of silver nanoparticles using C. reinhardtii as a model system.
authors.affiliation: Nanobiology Lab, Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176061, India.
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barwal
authors.forename: Peeyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.forename: Suneel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kateriya
authors.forename: Subhash Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D011506:Proteins; D012834:Silver