title: Comparison of ankle arthrometry to stress ultrasound imaging in the assessment of ankle laxity in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ultrasonography (US) may aid the assessment of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury after lateral ankle sprains by allowing the clinician to visualize and measure talocrural laxity. Comparison of US against another objective method of ankle laxity assessment, such as ankle arthrometry (AA), is needed. The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between the ATFL length measurements measured from stress US images to the inversion and anterior drawer displacement measured with AA in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive laboratory study included 26 ankles from healthy subjects. The apparent length of the ATFL was measured using US during anterior drawer (USAD) and inversion (USINV) stress and the translation of the talocrural joint was measured using AA during anterior drawer (AAAD) and inversion (AAINV) stress. Percent change in length for USAD and USINV were quantified. Intraclass correlation coefficients and pearson product moment correlations Bland-Altman limits of agreement were calculated between relevant variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  USAD and USINV percent change in length were positively correlated (r = .76). Bland Altman analysis revealed a mean difference of 5.38 mm (95% CI: -3.5 to 12 mm) with the AAAD producing higher values than the USAD. No significant correlations were found between the US and AA variables, however the absolute AAAD and AAINV variables were also positively correlated (r = .61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The US and AA variables were not directly correlated when measuring inversion and anterior laxity in healthy ankles. Differences between the devices that may affect this include different rates of joint loading, patient position and method of assessing laxity. The AA results demonstrated greater anterior displacement. Results may differ in ankle injured subjects who may demonstrate increases in anteroposterior and inversion laxity.
  
  
  METHODS
  2b. Exploratory study in healthy cohort.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sisson
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Croy
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hertel