title: Variation in grain arsenic assessed in a diverse panel of rice (Oryza sativa) grown in multiple sites.
abstract: • Inorganic arsenic (As(i) ) in rice (Oryza sativa) grains is a possible threat to human health, with risk being strongly linked to total dietary rice consumption and consumed rice As(i) content. This study aimed to identify the range and stability of genetic variation in grain arsenic (As) in rice. • Six field trials were conducted (one each in Bangladesh and China, two in Arkansas, USA over 2 yr, and two in Texas, USA comparing flooded and nonflood treatments) on a large number of common rice cultivars (c. 300) representing genetic diversity among international rice cultivars. • Within each field there was a 3-34 fold range in grain As concentration which varied between rice subpopulations. Importantly, As(i) correlated strongly with total As among a subset of 40 cultivars harvested in Bangladesh and China. • Genetic variation at all field sites was a large determining factor for grain As concentration, indicating that cultivars low in grain As could be developed through breeding. The temperate japonicas exhibited lower grain As compared with other subpopulations. Effects for year, location and flooding management were also statistically significant, suggesting that breeding strategies must take into account environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS, Rice Research Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon R M
authors.initials: SRM
authors.lastname: Pinson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mckay
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Lan
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafiqul Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Shofiqul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Jacqueline L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Fang-Jie
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Steve P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Guan
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lahner
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yakubova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guerinot
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M System AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX 77713, USA.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarpley
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
authors.forename: Georgia C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Eizenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Salt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meharg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
authors.forename: Adam H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D001131:Arkansas; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001459:Bangladesh; D002681:China; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013781:Texas
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic