title: 3-dimensional imaging modalities for phenotyping genetically engineered mice.
abstract: A variety of 3-dimensional (3D) digital imaging modalities are available for whole-body assessment of genetically engineered mice: magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT), optical projection tomography (OPT), episcopic and cryoimaging, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Embryo and adult mouse phenotyping can be accomplished at microscopy or near microscopy spatial resolutions using these modalities. MRM and microCT are particularly well-suited for evaluating structural information at the organ level, whereas episcopic and OPT imaging provide structural and functional information from molecular fluorescence imaging at the cellular level. UBM can be used to monitor embryonic development longitudinally in utero. Specimens are not significantly altered during preparation, and structures can be viewed in their native orientations. Technologies for rapid automated data acquisition and high-throughput phenotyping have been developed and continually improve as this exciting field evolves.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Imaging Shared Resource, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. kimerly.powell@osumc.edu
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D023421:Models, Animal; D010641:Phenotype; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods