title: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is more resistant to vaporized hydrogen peroxide than commercial Geobacillus stearothermophilus biological indicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) is increasingly used in the decontamination of hospital isolation rooms. Commercially available bioindicators, most frequently Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores, are used to assess the efficacy of the decontamination phase. Staphylococcus aureus, including meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), produce catalase, which breaks down VHP, therefore potentially making it resistant to the decontamination phase.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This investigation was designed to assess the resistance of meticillin-resistant S. aureus to VHP in comparison with commercially available biological indicators loaded with spores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stainless steel indicators were prepared with the same loading of MRSA (NCTC 13142) as commercially available indicators of G. stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953) (∼3.1×10(6) spores) and both indicators were exposed to a vapour hydrogen peroxide cycle (750 ppm). At set time-points during the exposure period, indicators containing both organisms were removed for processing and enumeration to compare survivability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the exposure period the recovery of MRSA from the coupons was between 1.5 and 3.5 log(10) higher than the recovery of G. stearothermophilus spores (P<0.05). This greater resistance may be due to the production of catalase which could break down the hydrogen peroxide, resulting in a reduction of the effectiveness of VHP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings highlight that the reduction achieved with a commercially available biological indicator cannot always be extrapolated to other micro-organisms. It must be recognized that although gaseous decontamination is the final step of the decontamination process, pre-cleaning of surfaces must be carried out to reduce the microbial loading being exposed.
authors.affiliation: Biosafety Unit, Health Protection Agency, Microbiology Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pottage
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macken
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D001411:Geobacillus stearothermophilus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004202:Disinfectants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide