title: Preoperative radiation therapy for upper rectal cancer T3,T4/Nx: selectivity essential.
abstract: This review explores the current available literature regarding the role of neoadjuvant therapy for upper locally advanced rectal cancers (≥10 cm-15 cm). Although there is a paucity of data evaluating the outcomes of preoperative chemoradiation for upper rectal cancers the authors suggest that T3N0 tumors will not likely benefit from radiation and that treatment of T4N0 should be individualized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popek
authors.forename: Vassiliki Liana
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Tsikitis
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hazard
authors.forename: Alfred M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery