title: Biomimetic surface modification of titanium surfaces for early cell capture by advanced electrospinning.
abstract: The time required for osseointegration with a metal implant having a smooth surface ranges from three to six months. We hypothesized that biomimetic coating surfaces with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/collagen fibers and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) on the implant would enhance the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, this surface modification of dental and bone implants might enhance the process of osseointegration. In this study, we coated PLGA or PLGA/collagen (50:50 w/w ratio) fiber on Ti disks by modified electrospinning for 5 s to 2 min; after that, we further deposited n-HA on the fibers. PLGA fibers of fiber diameter 0.957 ± 0.357 µm had a contact angle of 9.9 ± 0.3° and PLGA/collagen fibers of fiber diameter 0.378 ± 0.068 µm had a contact angle of 0°. Upon n-HA incorporation, all the fibers had a contact angle of 0° owing to the hydrophilic nature of n-HA biomolecule. The cell attachment efficiency was tested on all the scaffolds for different intervals of time (10, 20, 30 and 60 min). The alkaline phosphatase activity, cell proliferation and mineralization were analyzed on all the implant surfaces on days 7, 14 and 21. Results of the cell adhesion study indicated that the cell adhesion was maximum on the implant surface coated with PLGA/collagen fibers deposited with n-HA compared to the other scaffolds. Within a short span of 60 min, 75% of the cells adhered onto the mineralized PLGA/collagen fibers. Similarly by day 21, the rate of cell proliferation was significantly higher (p ⩽ 0.05) on the mineralized PLGA/collagen fibers owing to enhanced cell adhesion on these fibers. This enhanced initial cell adhesion favored higher cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization on the implant surface coated with mineralized PLGA/collagen fibers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Rajeswari
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
authors.forename: Clarisse Ch
authors.initials: CCh
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pliszka
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raghunath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.forename: Casey K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D004595:Electroplating / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium