title: Hepatitis B virus and HIV infection among patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Kampala, Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the commonest cause of primary hepatocellular (PHC) carcinoma worldwide. Co-infection with the HIV leads to more rapid progression of liver disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We described prevalence of HBV and HIV among patients with PHC admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed all patients admitted to the gastrointestinal service of Mulago hospital with a diagnosis of PHC for HBV and HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From March to June 2008, we recruited 15 patients. Nine (60%) were male; the overall median age was 32 years (IQR 15 -67), with median ages for male and female 33 and 36 years respectively. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and AFP were all elevated with median values of 57.5 IU/L, 222 IU/L, 392 IU/L and 362 ng/ml respectively (IQR 14-145, 49-393, 165-1294 and 7-480). Eight (53%) patients were from North and Northeastern Uganda. The HBsAg was reactive in 13(87%) patients and HIV in 3(20%), all of whom were also co-infected with HBV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is high prevalence of HBV and HBV/HIV co-infection among patients with PHC in Uganda with high mortality. Reduction in incidence and mortality due to PHC in Uganda will require urgent large scale HBV vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda. pocama@idi.co.ug
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ocama
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Opio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kagimu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seremba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wabinga
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colebunders
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D060085:Coinfection; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult