title: Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses coupled with palynological data of PM10 in Wrocław city (SW Poland)--assessment of anthropogenic impact.
abstract: We have applied both palynological and carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less) to trace its origin and to assess the anthropogenic impact for the area under study. The PM10 samples were collected in Wrocław (SW Poland) by the Regional Inspectorate for Environment Protection during the year 2007. The usefulness of the palynological observations in the case of PM10 is much lower than that for total suspended particles due to the resolution of absorbed particles, but is still helpful for distinguishing C(3)/C(4) plants that indicate long-distance transport of pollutants. The δ(13)C(PM10) values varied seasonally from-26.9 to-25.1‰. The δ(15)N(PM10) values showed chaotic fluctuations and varied from 5.0 to 13.7‰. Our results indicated that during the heating period, the PM10 particles in Wrocław are derived mainly from local home heaters, whereas in the growing period, PM10 particles are derived from local transport and are partially generated by the industrial application of coal combustion outside the city of Wrocław.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Geology and Geochemistry, Laboratory of Isotope Geology and Geoecology, Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Poland. maciej.gorka@ing.uni.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Górka
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zwolińska
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malkiewicz
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewicka-Szczebak
authors.forename: Mariusz O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Jędrysek
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D012621:Seasons; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003031:Coal; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D052638:Particulate Matter