title: Recent advances in Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori is implicated in numerous gastric pathologies; however, the prevalence of infection is declining in developed countries. Therefore, it is important to understand the complex mechanism of its interaction with the host and how the changing epidemiology of infection may impact on disease. In this review, we systemically revisit the major novel discoveries of the last year relating to H. pylori disease pathogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Novel pathways have been implicated in H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene (CagA) mediated carcinogenesis, highlighting the aberrant regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the human microbiome was implicated as having a key role in H. pylori-related disease development. Several studies have begun to delineate the mechanisms behind the epidemiologically inverse correlation of H. pylori infection with asthma and inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recent findings enable researchers to focus on novel and previously unsuspected mechanisms in the development of disease, and prompt further research into possible therapeutic approaches. The potential beneficial aspects of H. pylori colonization and the role bacterial flora play in promoting disease have yet to be elucidated, but promise to have a great impact on patient care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sibony
authors.forename: Nicola L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D014943:Global Health; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents