title: Evaluation of advanced glycation end products accumulation, using skin autofluorescence, in CKD and dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advanced glycation end products (AGE), biomarkers of metabolic stress, are frequently encountered in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to evaluate tissue accumulation of AGEs in CKD patients and possible correlations with traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin AF was measured using AGE Reader in 310 patients: 157 haemodialysis patients (HD) (mean age 60 years, dialysis vintage 29 months, 19.1% diabetic), 102 peritoneal dialysis patients (PD) (mean age 56.3 years, dialysis vintage 16 months, 17.6% diabetic), 32 CKD patients (mean age 68 years, CKD duration 30 months, 34.4% diabetic) and 19 type 2 diabetic patients, without renal failure (mean age 59 years and median duration of diabetes 36 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HD patients have higher AGE levels compared to PD ones. Dialysis patients have the highest skin AF values compared to CKD patients (P < 0.05) and diabetic, without renal impairment, patients (P < 0.01). Skin AF levels in patients using ARBs and statins are comparable to those without treatment in dialysis group (HD + PD) but significantly different in PD sub-group and CKD patients. In dialysis patients, diabetes explains 17% of AGE values variance. In PD skin, AF correlates with CKD duration (P < 0.01) and dialysis vintage (P < 0.05). Skin AF values were significantly higher in anuric PD patients (P < 0.05). In our CKD group, we found no significant association with diabetes or GFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD patients have higher AGE values depending on duration (disease, RRT) and GFR (dialysis adequacy and RRF). Other important determinants were diabetes and age.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Gr. T. Popa", Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oleniuc
authors.forename: Adalbert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Secara
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onofriescu
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hogas
authors.forename: Mugurel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Apetrii
authors.forename: Dimitrie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siriopol
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors