title: Apple peels, from seven cultivars, have lipase-inhibitory activity and contain numerous ursenoic acids as identified by LC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS.
abstract: Apple peel contains numerous phytochemicals, many of which show bioactivity. This study investigated the identity of triterpenoid compounds contained in ethanolic extracts of peel from seven apple cultivars. Using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS, accurate mass information was obtained for 43 compounds, and chemical identity was inferred from the calculated elemental composition, fragment masses, ms/ms, and a limited set of authentic standards. Compounds were identified as triterpene acids and tentatively identified as ursenoic (or oleanoic) acid derivatives containing hydroxyl, oxo, and coumaroyloxy groups. These apple skin extracts exhibited lipase-inhibitory activity, which may be linked to the ursenoic acid content. Furthermore, both triterpene content and lipase-inhibitory activity varied by cultivar.
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. tony.mcghie@plantandfood.co.nz
authors.forename: Tony K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: McGhie
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hudault
authors.forename: Rona C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lunken
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Christeller
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D008049:Lipase