title: Open-ended TiO2 nanotubes formed by two-step anodization and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells.
abstract: We demonstrate a simple method to fabricate open-ended TiO(2) nanotube (NT) based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), where the NTs are attached to either TiO(2) nanorods (NRs) grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or FTO directly by nanoparticles (NPs). A completely hole-through TiO(2) NT layer is fabricated via a two-step anodization with heat treatment immediately after the first anodization. DSSCs with the open-ended NTs show better photovoltaic performance than those with close-ended NTs, due to the enhanced charge transport in the open-ended structure. Under optimum conditions, DSSCs fabricated with the open-ended NT layer exhibit a short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 19.10 mA cm(-2), an open circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 0.68 V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.49, and a power conversion efficiency (eff) of 6.3%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Cho-Tung
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuanjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D012993:Solar Energy; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium