title: Proteome analysis of Acetobacter pasteurianus during acetic acid fermentation.
abstract: Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are Gram-negative, strictly aerobic microorganisms that show a unique resistance to ethanol (EtOH) and acetic acid (AcH). Members of the Acetobacter and Gluconacetobacter genera are capable of transforming EtOH into AcH via the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes and are used for the industrial production of vinegar. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how AAB resist high concentrations of AcH, such as the assimilation of acetate through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the export of acetate by various transporters and modifications of the outer membrane. However, except for a few acetate-specific proteins, little is known about the global proteome responses to AcH. In this study, we used 2D-DIGE to compare the proteome of Acetobacter pasteurianus LMG 1262(T) when growing in glucose or ethanol and in the presence of acetic acid. Interesting protein spots were selected using the ANOVA p-value of 0.05 as threshold and 1.5-fold as the minimal level of differential expression, and a total of 53 proteins were successfully identified. Additionally, the size of AAB was reduced by approximately 30% in length as a consequence of the acidity. A modification in the membrane polysaccharides was also revealed by PATAg specific staining.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Microbiology Unit, University of Geneva, Chemin des Embrouchis 10, CH-1254 Jussy-Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrés-Barrao
authors.forename: Maged M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chappuis
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boffa
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortega Pérez
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barja
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091:Acetobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017510:Protein Folding; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D057825:Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D020543:Proteome; D000431:Ethanol; D005947:Glucose; D019342:Acetic Acid