title: Damaged insulation mimicked symptoms of occipital stimulator lead migration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of occipital nerve stimulators for the treatment of migraines has recently been suggested. However, there have been reports of complications, including lead migration causing local muscle stimulation and spasm with local burning sensation and loss of successful neuromodulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a patient who had successful permanent implantation and then presented with suspicion of lead migration. Upon examination of the lead at time of repositioning it was found that the insulation had eroded and the conducting wires exposed at the anchor site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disruption of occipital nerve stimulator lead insulation may mimic lead migration with failure of neuromodulation, spasm, and local burning sensations. Prior to reimplanting, a lead should be thoroughly inspected to ensure there is no mechanical failure. Anchoring should be performed with gentle direct suturing or the use of a protective anchoring device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA. cclarke@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Collin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Parinaz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azari
authors.forename: Billy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult