title: Shear bond strength between an indirect composite layering material and feldspathic porcelain-coated zirconia ceramics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate the effect of both feldspathic porcelain coating of zirconia frameworks and priming agents on shear bond strength between an indirect composite material and zirconia frameworks.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 462 airborne-particle-abraded zirconia disks were divided into three groups: untreated disks (ZR-AB), airborne-particle-abraded zirconia disks coated with feldspathic porcelain, (ZR-PO-AB), and hydrofluoric acid-etched zirconia disks coated with feldspathic porcelain (ZR-PO-HF). Indirect composite (Estenia C&B) was bonded to zirconia specimens with no (CON) or one of four priming agents--Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB), Clearfil Photo Bond with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (CPB + activator), Estenia Opaque primer, or Porcelain Liner M Liquid B (PLB)--with or without an opaque material (Estenia C&B Opaque). All specimens were tested for shear bond strength before and after 20,000 thermocycles. The Steel-Dwass test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare shear bond strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ZR-AB specimens, the initial bond strength of the CPB and CPB + Activator groups was significantly higher as compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05), whereas the PLB and CPB + Activator groups had the highest pre- and post-thermocycling bond strengths in ZR-PO-AB and ZR-PO-HF specimens. Among CON disks without opaque material, bond strength was significantly lower in ZR-AB specimens than in ZR-PO-AB and ZR-PO-HF specimens (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feldspathic porcelain coating of a Katana zirconia framework enhanced the bond strength of Estenia C&B indirect composite to zirconia independent of surface treatment. The use of a silane coupling agent and opaque material yields durable bond strength between the indirect composite and feldspathic-porcelain-coated zirconia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that feldspathic porcelain coating of zirconia frameworks is an effective method to obtain clinically acceptable bond strengths of a layering indirect composite material to a zirconia framework.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fushiki
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: Markus B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Blatz
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizuka
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C076805:Clearfil Porcelain Bond; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; C091839:urethanetrimethacrylate; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; C074669:Clearfil Photo Bond; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide