title: Short echo time in vivo prostate ¹H-MRSI.
abstract: Visualization of short echo time (TE) metabolites in prostate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is difficult due to lipid contamination and pulse timing constraints. In this work, we present a modified pulse sequence to permit short echo time (TE=40ms) acquisitions with reduced lipid contamination for the detection of short TE metabolites. The modified pulse sequence employs the conformal voxel MRS (CV-MRS) technique, which automatically optimizes the placement of spatial saturation planes to adapt the excitation volume to the shape of the prostate, thus reducing lipid contamination in prostate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Metabolites were measured and assessed using a modified version of LCModel for analysis of in vivo prostate spectra. We demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring high quality spectra at short TEs, and show the measurement of short TE metabolites, myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, taurine and glutamine/glutamate for both single and multi-voxel acquisitions. In single voxels experiments, the reduction in TE resulted in 57% improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Additional 3D MRSI experiments comparing short (TE=40 ms), and long (TE=130 ms) TE acquisitions revealed a 35% improvement in the number of adequately fitted metabolite peaks (775 voxels over all subjects). This resulted in a 42 ± 24% relative improvement in the number of voxels with detectable citrate that were well-fitted using LCmodel. In this study, we demonstrate that high quality prostate spectra can be obtained by reducing the TE to 40 ms to detect short T2 metabolites, while maintaining positive signal intensity of the spin-coupled citrate multiplet and managing lipid suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. niranjan.venugopal@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.forename: Boyd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCurdy
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Mehairi
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alamri
authors.forename: Gurdarshan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivalingam
authors.forename: Darrel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drachenberg
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ryner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011522:Protons