title: [Patients' perspective and economic variables as objectives in clinical trials: added value to clinical parameters].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures complement traditional biomedical outcome measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of PRO measures including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires as a measurement of efficacy and the frequency of inclusion of economic variables related to direct and indirect costs in the design of clinical trials and phase IV observational studies. Moreover, for the trials quality score were measured, and if there were any relationship between the quality study design score and the PRO inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study of the clinical trials and phase IV observational studies approved by a Clinical Research Ethics Committee (2008-2010). We gathered data concerning general aspects including medical specialty, pathology, methodological quality based on Jadad scale (0-5), inclusion of PRO and economic variables. For clinical trials including HRQoL measurements, we analysed the type of questionnaire in use. Where there were no HRQoL measurements, we analysed if their inclusion would have been proper or not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 70 protocols (59 CTs and 11 phase IV observational studies) were analysed; 37 (52.8%) included PRO measures, and 3 protocols (4.3%) used them as a primary endpoint. Data analysis by therapeutic area showed that PRO measures were most commonly studied in the fields of endocrinology, neurology, digestive diseases, and cardiology. The average quality score for the trials was 2.8. The trials with more PRO inclusion in their end points had a significantly higher quality score. Only 13 (22%) clinical trials and 2 (18.2%) phase IV observational studies included economic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The emergence of economic variables in clinical trials and phase IV observational studies evaluated was low, however, more than half of the revised protocols have included PRO measures, reflecting the importance of these parameters in the assessment of the effectiveness of drug treatments, although its use is still not systematic.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, España.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bovaira-García
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soler-Company
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017327:Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires