title: Early risk factors for hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention trajectories from age 17 months to 8 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is an etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with long-term negative outcomes. However, the early developmental course of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and their association with previous environmental risk factors are still poorly understood
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and to identify their prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Birth cohort from the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 2057 individuals, followed up from age 5 months to 8 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors assessed at age 5 months were considered predictors of group membership in high hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention trajectories from age 17 months to 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms tended to slightly decrease with age, whereas the frequency of inattention symptoms substantially increased up to age 6 years. However, trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms were significantly associated with each other. Risk factors for high trajectories of both types of symptoms were premature birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.07-3.50), low birth weight (2.11; 1.12-3.98), prenatal tobacco exposure (1.41; 1.03-1.93), nonintact family (1.85; 1.26-2.70), young maternal age at birth of the target child (1.78; 1.17-2.69), paternal history of antisocial behavior (1.78; 1.28-2.47), and maternal depression (1.35; 1.18-1.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large range of early risk factors, including prenatal, perinatal social, and parental psychopathology variables, act independently to heighten the likelihood of having persistently high levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from infancy to middle childhood. Early interventions should be experimented with to provide effective tools for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder prevention.
authors.affiliation: Charles Perrens Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Bordeaux Segalen, CHS Charles-Perrens, Bordeaux, France. cedric.galera@u-bordeaux2.fr
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galéra
authors.forename: Sylvana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: Manuel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bouvard
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pingault
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melchior
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000523:psychology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000523:psychology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000523:psychology; D011792:Quebec; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects