title: Yeast formin Bni1p has multiple localization regions that function in polarized growth and spindle orientation.
abstract: Formins are conserved proteins that assemble unbranched actin filaments in a regulated, localized manner. Budding yeast's two formins, Bni1p and Bnr1p, assemble actin cables necessary for polarized cell growth and organelle segregation. Here we define four regions in Bni1p that contribute to its localization to the bud and at the bud neck. The first (residues 1-333) requires dimerization for its localization and encompasses the Rho-binding domain. The second (residues 334-821) covers the Diaphanous inhibitory-dimerization-coiled coil domains, and the third is the Spa2p-binding domain. The fourth region encompasses the formin homology 1-formin homology 2-COOH region of the protein. These four regions can each localize to the bud cortex and bud neck at the right stage of the cell cycle independent of both F-actin and endogenous Bni1p. The first three regions contribute cumulatively to the proper localization of Bni1p, as revealed by the effects of progressive loss of these regions on the actin cytoskeleton and fidelity of spindle orientation. The fourth region contributes to the localization of Bni1p in tiny budded cells. Expression of mislocalized Bni1p constructs has a dominant-negative effect on both growth and nuclear segregation due to mislocalized actin assembly. These results define an unexpected complexity in the mechanism of formin localization and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Felipe H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Santiago-Tirado
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bretscher
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology*; D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D001665:Binding Sites; D019281:Dimerization; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C105191:Bni1 protein, S cerevisiae; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins