title: The tropical diabetic hand syndrome: a surgical perspective.
abstract: Tropical diabetic hand syndrome (TDHS) is an aggressive type of hand sepsis that results in significant morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes in the tropics. This study set out to establish a protocol for the holistic management of TDHS to improve digit/hand salvage and function at AIC Kijabe Hospital. This prospective study examined the following demographics of patients presenting to the authors institution between October 2009 and September 2010 with TDHS: their sex, age, comorbidities, length of in-hospital stay, surgical and medical treatment, total cost of treatment, and immediate postdischarge outcomes. A total of 10 patients (3 men and 7 women) were presented with TDHS during the study period. Surgical procedures included a thorough debridement of the hand at initial presentation, followed by procedures aimed at preserving length and hand function, with digit or hand amputation when there was no possibility of salvage. Three hands were salvaged, without the need for an amputation; 2 of these, however, developed severe stiffness with resultant poor function. Fifty percent of the patients developed considerable disability; 3 of these patients had disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand, (DASH) scores of >90 at 6 months after treatment. TDHS appears to be more aggressive in some patients than in others; a multidisciplinary approach, with early involvement of the surgical team, and a radical surgical debridement are essential to improved outcomes. Although the goal of medical treatment (ie, glycemic control) is simple and easily achieved, surgical goals (salvage of limb or life, preservation of hand function) are more complex, costly, and difficult to achieve. Educating health care workers, diabetic patients, and their relatives on hand care is an important preventive measure. Diligence in taking antidiabetic medicine, early presentation, and appropriate care of TDHS are required for meaningful improvement in outcomes of patients with diabetes who develop hand sepsis in the tropics.
authors.affiliation: Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Unit, AIC Kijabe Hospital, Kijabe, Kenya, Africa. nthumba@gmail.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nthumba
authors.forename: Pedro C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cavadas
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Landin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000191:economics; D003646:Debridement / Q000191:economics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D017719:Diabetic Foot; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006225:Hand / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D007630:Kenya; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014329:Tropical Climate