title: Atrial fibrillation after pulmonary transplantation: incidence, impact on mortality, treatment effectiveness, and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after thoracic surgery. Limited data exist concerning the incidence of AF, its impact on mortality, the effectiveness of therapy, and the risk factors of AF after pulmonary transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed the medical files of 224 consecutive lung transplant recipients who underwent surgery over a 10-year period at a large Canadian center. We collected patient characteristics, in-hospital treatments, and outcomes. Time-to-event analysis was used to account for in-hospital follow-up and models generated to assess the impact of AF on mortality and independent risk factors of AF after transplantation. Postoperative AF occurred in 65 patients (29%). AF was more likely to occur with complications such as pneumonia, mediastinitis, and bronchial dehiscence and was not an independent risk factor of mortality (hazard ratio=1.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-4.63). Pharmacological or electric therapy for rhythm or rate control of AF was administered to 97% of patients. Intravenous amiodarone was used in 46%, electric cardioversion in 28%, and heparin in 26%. Only 1 patient remained in AF at discharge. Age (hazard ratio=1.08 by year; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.12), bilateral transplantation (hazard ratio=1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.42), and a history of AF before the transplantation (hazard ratio=4.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-19.11) were found to be independently associated with an increased incidence of postoperative AF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AF is fairly common after pulmonary transplantation, transient, and relatively benign. It is not independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Most patients return to sinus rhythm before discharge. Age, prior AF, and bilateral transplantation increase the risk of postoperative AF.
authors.affiliation: Adult Cardiology Program, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henri
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giraldeau
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorais
authors.forename: Alexis-Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noiseux
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinfret
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome