title: Fetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction as an early phenomenon in the programming of human adult diseases in subjects born from gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity in pregnancy.
abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity in pregnancy (OP) are pathological conditions associated with placenta vascular dysfunction coursing with metabolic changes at the fetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium. These alterations are seen as abnormal expression and activity of the cationic amino acid transporters and endothelial nitric oxide synthase isoform, that is, the "endothelial L-arginine/nitric oxide signalling pathway." Several studies suggest that the endogenous nucleoside adenosine along with insulin, and potentially arginases, are factors involved in GDM-, but much less information regards their role in OP-associated placental vascular alterations. There is convincing evidence that GDM and OP prone placental endothelium to an "altered metabolic state" leading to fetal programming evidenced at birth, a phenomenon associated with future development of chronic diseases. In this paper it is suggested that this pathological state could be considered as a metabolic marker that could predict occurrence of diseases in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus (including gestational diabetes), and metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leiva
authors.forename: Fabián
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farías
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casanello
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sobrevia
mesh_terms: D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction