title: Impact of a dedicated training program on the reproducibility of systolic dyssynchrony measures using tissue Doppler imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reproducibility of the measurement of mechanical dyssynchrony by echocardiography including Doppler tissue imaging has recently been questioned. The aim of this study was to ascertain the role of a dedicated training program to improve skills and the reproducibility of dyssynchrony assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 70 patients with heart failure, color Doppler tissue images were acquired, and the time to peak systolic velocity of each segment and several dyssynchrony indices, including the standard deviation of time to peak systolic velocity, were measured by an expert to constitute a reference standard. The same images were then assessed by two beginners, who had only basic knowledge of dyssynchrony analysis after a 1-hour lecture, and two graduates, who had received a structured hands-on training program. Both sets of results were compared with the standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the standard deviation of time to peak systolic velocity, the linear correlations between the standard and beginner 1 (r = 0.643) and beginner 2 (r = 0.532) were only modest (P < .001 for both). When referenced to the standard, interobserver variability was 18% for beginner 1 and 19% for beginner 2. Measurements with differences of ≥10 msec were found in 24% and 22% of cases by beginners 1 and 2, respectively. In contrast, the assessments made by graduates 1 and 2 were significantly improved. The correlation coefficients were 0.935 and 0.929 (P < .001 for both), and interobserver variability values were 8% and 7%. The prevalence rates of measurements with differences ≥ 10 msec were 1.5% and 3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a learning curve for the measurement of systolic dyssynchrony using Doppler tissue imaging, but good reproducibility can be achieved by the use of a dedicated training program.
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Qian-Huan
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rui-Jie
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Jun-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Pui-Wai
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheuk-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*