title: Placental syndecan expression is altered in human idiopathic fetal growth restriction.
abstract: Pregnancy represents a hypercoagulable state characterized by increased thrombin generation. However, placentas from fetal growth restriction (FGR) pregnancies are characterized by increased fibrin deposition and thrombi in the vasculature, indicative of a further increase in thrombin activation and a disturbance in coagulation in this clinical setting. The cause of the coagulation disturbance observed in FGR pregnancies is currently unknown. Anticoagulant mechanisms are crucial in the regulation of thrombin activity, and current evidence suggests that syndecans are the principal placental anticoagulant proteoglycans. The aim of this study was to determine the localization, distribution, and expression of syndecans 1 to 4 in placentas complicated by idiopathic FGR compared with gestation-matched controls. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that all of the syndecans were localized to cells located closely to the maternal and fetal circulation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of both syndecan 1 and syndecan 2 were significantly decreased in FGR samples compared with controls. This is the first study to demonstrate the differential expression of syndecans 1 to 4 in idiopathic FGR placentas compared with controls. Reduced levels of syndecan expression may result in increased placental thrombosis in the uteroplacental circulation and may therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of FGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia. achui@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Nurul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zainuddin
authors.forename: Gayathri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajaraman
authors.forename: Padma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murthi
authors.forename: Shaun P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Brennecke
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ignjatovic
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Monagle
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Said
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053669:Syndecan-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053670:Syndecan-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053671:Syndecan-4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053668:Syndecan-1; D053670:Syndecan-3; D053671:Syndecan-4; D053669:Syndecan-2