title: Surgical reconstruction of peri-implant bone defects with prehydrated and collagenated porcine bone and collagen barriers: case presentations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical reconstruction of peri-implant defects is challenging and unpredictable due to, for example, the extent of the bone defect or the osteogenic potential of adjunctive materials used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the healing capacity of a new bone xenograft material in the treatment of peri-implant defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In three cases with advanced peri-implant defects, flap surgery was performed. After thorough debridement including cleaning of the exposed implant surface, prehydrated and collagenated porcine bone (PCPB) particles were placed into the defect. A bioresorbable collagen barrier was adapted and placed over the defect and the flaps were relocated. After 6 and 12 months of healing, clinical and radiographic examinations were done. In one case, the surgical procedure was repeated 6 months postoperatively. One year after the second surgery, a bone biopsy was harvested and analyzed with histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All defects healed uneventfully. At 6 months, probing depths were reduced by 3-4 mm with no bleeding on probing or pus formation. At 12 months, healthy peri-implant conditions were found. Intra-oral radiographs showed gain of the marginal bone level by 2-4 mm. In the case where reconstructive surgery was repeated, histology showed osteoconductive properties as bone formation with typical osteoblastic seams was observed directly on the surface of the grafted particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented cases show that PCPB have favorable properties enhancing bone regeneration in peri-implant bone defects.
authors.affiliation: Senior consultant, Department of Periodontology, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden senior consultant, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden, and Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden associate professor, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Slotte
authors.forename: Ninita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindfors
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nannmark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D013552:Swine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003094:Collagen