title: Humans seem to produce arsenobetaine and dimethylarsinate after a bolus dose of seafood.
abstract: Seafood is the predominant food source of several organoarsenic compounds. Some seafood species, like crustaceans and seaweed, also contain inorganic arsenic (iAs), a well-known toxicant. It is unclear whether human biotransformation of ingested organoarsenicals from seafood result in formation of arsenicals of health concern. The present controlled dietary study examined the urinary excretion of arsenic compounds (total arsenic (tAs), iAs, AB (arsenobetaine), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and methylarsonate (MA)) following ingestion of a single test meal of seafood (cod, 780 μg tAs, farmed salmon, 290 μg tAs or blue mussel, 690 μg tAs or potato (control, 110 μg tAs)) in 38 volunteers. The amount of ingested tAs excreted via the urine within 0-72 h varied significantly among the groups: Cod, 74% (52-92%), salmon 56% (46-82%), blue mussel 49% (37-78%), control 45% (30-60%). The estimated total urinary excretion of AB was higher than the amount of ingested AB in the blue mussel group (112%) and also ingestion of cod seemed to result in more AB, indicating possible endogenous formation of AB from other organoarsenicals. Excretion of iAs was lower than ingested (13-22% of the ingested iAs was excreted in the different groups). Although the ingested amount of iAs+DMA+MA was low for all seafood groups (1.2-4.5% of tAs ingested), the urinary DMA excretion was high in the blue mussel and salmon groups, counting for 25% and 11% of the excreted tAs respectively. In conclusion our data indicate a possible formation of AB as a result of biotransformation of other organic arsenicals. The considerable amount of DMA excreted is probably not only due to methylation of ingested iAs, but due to biotransformation of organoarsenicals making it an inappropriate biomarker of iAs exposure in populations with a high seafood intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway. Marianne.Molin@hioa.no
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ulven
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Telle-Hansen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skjegstad
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ledsaak
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sloth
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goessler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oshaug
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fliegel
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ydersbond
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Meltzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000652:urine*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000652:urine*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D048388:Gadiformes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000378:metabolism; D009664:Norway; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002101:Cacodylic Acid; C038992:arsenobetaine