title: Ferulic acid is nephrodamaging while gallic acid is renal protective in long term treatment of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The long term therapeutic effect of ferulic acid (FA) and gallic acid (GA) in treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doxorubicin (DR, Adriamycin)-induced CKD rat model was established for this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DR significantly reduced levels of serum albumin, GOT, GPT, RBC, TNF-α, and urinary creatinine and elevated serum cholesterol, TG, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, WBC, platelet count, and IL-6. In DRCKD rats, FA and GA significantly increased kidney weight and glomerular volume. FA reduced glomerular filtration rate but GA did not. FA enhanced more collagen deposition than GA in renal cortex and glomeruli. Both FA and GA showed crucial hyperlipidemic activity. The inhibitory effects of FA and GA on MMP-2 were very comparable. GA suppressed MMP-2 more effectively than FA in DRCKD rats. Both FA and GA induced SOD elevation and MDA elimination. In DRCKD rats, Western blot analysis indicated that FA further up-regulated CD34, α-SMA, tissue pDGFR, p-PDGFR, and TGF-β; and down-regulated p-PI3K, and p-Akt. Since both PDGF-BB and TGF-β are considered to induce kidney prefibrosis stage, GA was proved to be more beneficial in this regard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA tends to protect the CKD while FA is not recommended for the long term CKD therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40202, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chiung-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Chiu-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Hui-Er
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kuan-Chou
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Robert Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005707:Gallic Acid; D003094:Collagen; C004999:ferulic acid