title: Impact of dietary vitamin D on osseointegration in the ovariectomized rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the population and associated with impaired peri-implant bone regeneration. Yet, there is a gap in understanding the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the process of osseointegration. In this study, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on peri-implant bone regeneration was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The depletion group was fed a vitamin D-free diet for 8 weeks. The repletion group received vitamin D-free diet for 6 weeks, before animals were switched to standard diet containing 2400 IU/kg vitamin D. The control group was fed the standard diet. Two titanium mini-implants were placed in the tibia. All groups remained on their previous diet until sacrifice. Blood sample testing and histomorphometric analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin D depletion caused a significant reduction in 25-hydroxvitamin D in rat serum that returned to control levels in the repletion group. This vitamin deficiency was associated with a decrease in bone-to-implant contact in the cortical area, which was leveled to controls in the repletion group. No significant changes by vitamin D depletion were noticed in the medullar compartment. Moreover, also the peri-implant bone area and the mineral apposition rate remained unchanged upon vitamin D depletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that vitamin D deficiency has a negative impact on cortical peri-implant bone formation in ovariectomized rats, which can be compensated by vitamin D supplementation. This study provides first insight into the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in implant dentistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. gabriella.dvorak@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fügl
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watzek
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tangl
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pokorny
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D