title: Effect of anemia on short- and long-term outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: Anemia is common in hospitalized cardiac patients and is associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the association of anemia with early and long-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Included were 5,304 consecutive patients (73% men, 61 ± 12 years of age) admitted to a coronary care unit from 1985 through 2008 for ACS. According to the World Health Organization, anemia was defined as serum hemoglobin levels <13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women. Anemia was divided into tertiles to compare mild, moderate, and severe anemia to nonanemia. For trend analyses the study population was categorized in 3 groups: 1985 to 1990, 1991 to 2000, and 2001 to 2008. Outcome measurements were all-cause mortality at 30-days and 20 years. Anemia was present in 2,016 patients (38%), of whom 655 had mild anemia, 717 moderate anemia, and 646 severe anemia. Median follow-up duration was 10 years (range 2 to 25). Compared to nonanemia, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality at 30 days were 1.40 for moderate anemia (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.87) and 1.67 for severe anemia (95% CI 1.25 to 2.24). At 20 years HRs were 1.13 for moderate anemia (95% CI 1.01 to 1.27) and 1.39 for severe anemia (95% CI 1.23 to 1.56). In addition, survival during hospitalization improved over time. Compared to 1985 to 1990 adjusted HRs were 0.52 for 1991 to 2000 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.66) and 0.36 for 2001 to 2008 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.51). In conclusion, presence and severity of anemia is an important predictor of higher in-hospital and long-term mortality after ACS. In addition, since the 1980s in-hospital outcome of patients with ACS and anemia has improved.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Younge
authors.forename: Sjoerd T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nauta
authors.forename: K Martijn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Akkerhuis
authors.forename: Jaap W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Deckers
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000401:mortality*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000401:mortality*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins