title: Combustion and inorganic bromine emission of waste printed circuit boards in a high temperature furnace.
abstract: High temperature combustion experiments of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were conducted using a lab-scale system featuring a continuously-fed drop tube furnace. Combustion efficiency and the occurrence of inorganic bromine (HBr and Br(2)) were systematically studied by monitoring the main combustion products continuously. The influence of furnace temperature (T) was studied from 800 to 1400°C, the excess air factor (EAF) was varied from 1.2 to 1.9 and the residence time in the high temperature zone (RT(HT)) was set at 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 s. Combustion efficiency depends on temperature, EAF and RT(HT); temperature has the most significant effect. Conversion of organic bromine from flame retardants into HBr and Br(2) depends on temperature and EAF. Temperature has crucial influence over the ratio of HBr to Br(2), whereas oxygen partial pressure plays a minor role. The two forms of inorganic bromine seem substantially to reach thermodynamic equilibrium within 0.25s. High temperature is required to improve the combustion performance: at 1200°C or higher, an EAF of 1.3 or more, and a RT(HT) exceeding 0.75 s, combustion is quite complete, the CO concentration in flue gas and remained carbon in ash are sufficiently low, and organobrominated compounds are successfully decomposed (more than 99.9%). According to these results, incineration of waste PCBs without preliminary separation and without additives would perform very well under certain conditions; the potential precursors for brominated dioxins formation could be destroyed efficiently. Increasing temperature could decrease the volume percentage ratio of Br(2)/HBr in flue gas greatly.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China. xiaohanxi_2@163.com
authors.forename: Mingjiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Hanxi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buekens
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Shengyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001966:Bromine / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D059029:Electronic Waste; D006358:Hot Temperature; D017745:Incineration; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D013461:Sulfur Oxides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013461:Sulfur Oxides; D002244:Carbon; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D001966:Bromine