title: Esthetic evaluation of single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla following autologous bone augmentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autologous bone augmentation to rebuild compromised alveolar ridge contour prior to implant placement allows for favorable three-dimensional implant positioning to achieve optimum implant esthetics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate peri-implant soft tissue conditions around single-tooth implants following bone grafts in the esthetic zone of the maxilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients underwent autologous bone augmentation of deficient maxillary sites prior to placement of 85 implants in the esthetic zone. In case of multiple implants per patient, one implant was randomly selected. Objective evaluation of 60 single-tooth implants was performed using the Pink-Esthetic-Score (PES) and Papilla Index (PI) and supplemented by subjective patient evaluation, as well as clinical and radiologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Objective ratings of implant esthetics were satisfactory (median PES: 11, median PI: 2) and significantly correlated with high patient satisfaction (mean VAS score: 80%). Both esthetic indices demonstrated respectable levels of inter- as well as intra-observer agreement. Poor implant esthetics (low PES and PI ratings) were significantly associated with increased anatomic crown height, while no influence of horizontal implant-tooth distance could be found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation indicates that favorable esthetic results may be achieved in the augmented anterior maxilla. However, bony reconstruction of compromised alveolar ridges does not guarantee optimum implant esthetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pommer
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Strbac
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sütö
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watzek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zechner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome