title: Orchiectomy attenuates kidney fibrosis after ureteral obstruction by reduction of oxidative stress in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Men are generally more prone to chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease than women. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of reactive oxygen species and testosterone in the progression of renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were subjected to either orchiectomy or sham operation 14 days before either UUO or sham surgery. Harvesting of the kidney was performed 7 days after the UUO surgery to measure the production of reactive oxygen species and expression of antioxidants such as catalase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, and manganese superoxide dismutase, as well as fibrosis markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UUO resulted in increased expression of α-SMA and collagen deposition in the kidneys of both female and male mice. These increases were significantly greater in males than females. Orchiectomy significantly reduced increases in α-SMA expression and collagen deposition when compared with intact male. UUO increased the production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation along with the decreases in expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, and catalase. These changes induced by UUO were significantly attenuated by orchiectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Males are more susceptible to UUO-induced kidney fibrosis compared with females, and the higher susceptibility of males is obviated by orchiectomy along with reduction in oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kyong-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hee-Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jee In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwon Moo
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012737:Sex Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003094:Collagen; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase