title: Overweight and obesity predict time to periodontal disease progression in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether overweight and obesity indicators - body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and WC-to-height ratio - predict progression of periodontal disease in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 1038 medically healthy, non-Hispanic, white males in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study who were monitored with triennial oral and medical examinations between 1969 and 1996. Periodontal disease progression in an individual was defined as having two or more teeth advance to levels of alveolar bone loss ≥40%, probing pocket depth ≥5 mm, or clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm after baseline. Extended Cox regression analyses estimated hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression events due to overweight/obesity status, controlling for age, smoking, education, diabetes, recent periodontal treatment, recent prophylaxis, and number of filled/decayed surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index and WC-to-height ratio were significantly associated with hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression events regardless of periodontal disease indicator. Adjusted hazard ratios for periodontal disease progression were 41-72% higher in obese men (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) relative to men with both normal weight and WC-to-height ratio (≤50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both overall obesity and central adiposity are associated with an increased hazards of periodontal disease progression events in men.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: Elizabeth Krall
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apovian
authors.forename: Teresa T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.forename: Raul I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications; D004245:DMF Index; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000150:complications; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000150:complications; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult