title: High prevalence of lipid abnormalities among antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected Asian children with mild-to-moderate immunosuppression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyslipidaemia is a common complication among HIV-infected children after antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, HIV itself can cause abnormal lipid metabolism. There is limited information of lipid profiles among Asian HIV-infected children naive to ART.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 274 HIV-infected ART-naive Thai and Cambodian children aged 1-12 years with CD4% between 15% and 24% were included. Patients were fasted for ≥4 h before blood was drawn. Abnormal lipid levels were defined as triglyceride (TG)>130 mg/dl, total cholesterol (TC)>200 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)>130 mg/dl and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)≤40 mg/dl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (±SD) was 76.6 (33.8) months for age and -1.3 (1.0) for weight Z-score. Mean (±SD) CD4% was 19.9 (4.8) % and HIV RNA was 4.6 (0.6) log(10) copies/ml. The median (±SD) fasting time was 13.0 (2.7) h. Mean (±SD) for lipids were 116 (62) mg/dl for TG, 139 (29) mg/dl for TC, 73 (29) mg/dl for LDL and 45 (19) mg/dl for HDL. Overall 63.9% had dyslipidaemia with hypertriglyceridaemia and hypo-HDL being the most common (28% and 45%, respectively), while 2% had hypercholesterolaemia or hyper-LDL. After adjusting for age, having HIV RNA>5 log(10) copies/ml was associated with hypo-HDL with ORs of 8.1 (95% CI 2.7-24.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up to two-thirds of ART-naive, HIV-infected Asian children with mild-to-moderate immune suppression had dyslipidaemia. Low HDL was the most common and was associated with high HIV viraemia. The long-term consequence of low HDL deserves further investigation in children.
authors.affiliation: Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. skanjanavanit@gmail.com
authors.forename: Suparat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanjanavanit
authors.forename: Thanyawee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puthanakit
authors.forename: Ung
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vibol
authors.forename: Pope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kosalaraksa
authors.forename: Rawiwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hansudewechakul
authors.forename: Chaiwat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ngampiyasakul
authors.forename: Jurai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wongsawat
authors.forename: Wicharn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luesomboon
authors.forename: Jiratchaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wongsabut
authors.forename: Apicha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahanontharit
authors.forename: Tulathip
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suwanlerk
authors.forename: Vonthanak
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saphonn
authors.forename: Jintanat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ananworanich
authors.forename: Kiat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruxrungtham
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007223:Infant; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000276:immunology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol