title: Hydrogen is neuroprotective against surgically induced brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurosurgical operations cause unavoidable damage to healthy brain tissues. Direct surgical injury as well as surgically induced oxidative stress contributes to the subsequent formation of brain edema. Therefore, we tested the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen (H2) in an established surgical brain injury (SBI) model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Sprague - Dawley rats (weight 300-350g) were divided into three groups to serve as sham operated, SBI without treatment, and SBI treated with H2 (2.9%). Brain water content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and neurological function were measured at 24 hrs after SBI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SBI resulted in localized brain edema (p = < 0.001). Hydrogen (2.9%) administered concurrently with surgery significantly decreased the formation of cerebral edema (p = 0.028) and improved neurobehavioral score (p = 0.022). However, hydrogen treatment failed to reduce oxidative stress (LPO assay) or inflammation (MPO assay) in brain tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrogen appears to be promising as an effective, yet inexpensive way to reduce cerebral edema caused by surgical procedures. Hydrogen has the potential to improve clinical outcome, decrease hospital stay, and reduce overall cost to patients and the health care system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. johnzhang3910@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Eckermann
authors.forename: Wanqiu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: Frank Pk
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Austin Rt
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Colohan
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang