title: Changes in binocular function in anisometropic nonstrabismic children with optical correction and occlusion therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors that influence binocular function in anisometropic, nonstrabismic children before and after optical correction and amblyopia therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with nonstrabismic anisometropia. Visual acuity and responses to the 4(Δ) base-out prism test, the Worth 4-dot test, and the TNO test were recorded after spectacle correction and every 3 months for 1 year. Factors affecting visual acuity and binocular function were analyzed using univariate and multiple stepwise regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 118 subjects were enrolled. At the end of the first year, the mean improvement in visual acuity was 2.6 ± 2.3 lines. The percentage of patients showing a positive response to the 4(Δ) base-out prism test increased from 47% to 79%; fusion in the Worth 4-dot test, from 37% to 66%; and measurable stereopsis on TNO testing, from 59% to 80%. Better initial visual acuity and better final visual acuity were associated with better binocular function. Interocular refractive error difference was a predictor of poor binocular function in multiple regression analysis if the difference in spherical error exceeded 4 D. Patients with amblyopia showed significantly worse binocular function compared to those with no amblyopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binocular function of anisometropic children can be improved with refractive correction and amblyopia therapy.
authors.affiliation: Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt. ahmedawadein@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awadein
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fakhry
mesh_terms: D015858:Anisometropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology