title: Effect of garlic sulfur compounds on neutrophil infiltration and damage to the intestinal mucosa by endotoxin in rats.
abstract: We investigated the protective effects of garlic sulfur compounds (GSCs), specifically, diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS), on endotoxin-induced intestinal damage. Wistar rats received by gavage 0.125 or 0.025 mmol/kg body wt of each GSC or the vehicle (corn oil; 2 mL/kg body wt) every other day for 2 weeks before being injected with endotoxin (ip, 5 mg/kg body wt). Control rats were administered corn oil and were injected with sterile saline. Rats were killed at 18 h after injection. Both doses of DAS suppressed endotoxin-induced neutrophilia, serum levels of sICAM-1 and CINC-1, cellular CD11b on neutrophils, and intestinal contents of ICAM-1, CINC-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta (p<0.05). DADS suppressed endotoxin-induced intestinal contents of ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta at both doses, but only suppressed the serum sICAM-1 level and cellular CD11b on neutrophils at the low dose (p<0.05). DATS did not ameliorate the endotoxin-induced serum level of sICAM-1 or CINC-1 but suppressed intestinal IL-1beta at both doses. The low but not the high dose of DATS also ameliorated the intestinal contents of ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha (p<0.05). All GSCs reversed endotoxin-induced neutrophil infiltration and damage in the intestine, and the order of the effects of these GSCs to normalize intestinal morphology was DAS>DADS>DATS.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ke-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chong-Kuei
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lii
authors.forename: Cheng-Tzu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D013457:Sulfur Compounds