title: A clinical and histomorphometric study of calcium sulfate compared with freeze-dried bone allograft for alveolar ridge preservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many materials have been found to be effective in ridge preservation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether calcium sulfate (CS) is as effective as freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) in preserving postextraction ridge dimensions and to evaluate the amount of new bone formation and graft clearance through histologic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one extraction sites were selected. Postextraction clinical measurements were made, and sites were divided randomly into the test group (CS) or the control group (FDBA). After graft placement, all individuals received the same postoperative treatment and instructions. Participants were recalled after 3 months, measurements were made, and sites were re-entered. Bone samples were harvested and analyzed with histologic methodology for new bone formation and remaining residual graft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen test and 15 control sites were evaluated. There was no significant change in vertical ridge height before or after surgery within the test and control groups (P = 0.57, P = 0.68, respectively). There was a significant decrease in bucco-lingual ridge width for both groups (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0075, respectively), but the difference between groups was not significant (P = 0.11). Histologic analysis revealed an average of 32% new bone formation with 2.5% graft remaining for the test group and 16.7% new bone formation with 21% graft remaining for the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that CS is as effective as FDBA in preserving postextraction ridge dimensions in non-molar extraction sites. There is greater clearance of CS with more new bone formation after ≈3 months compared with FDBA in these sites. This paper received the Maynard K. Hine Award for Excellence in Dental Research presented by the Indiana Section of the American Association for Dental Research and supported by Procter & Gamble.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Samira M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Toloue
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chesnoiu-Matei
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Blanchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D062005:Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D004396:Coloring Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C014755:picrofuchsin; D002133:Calcium Sulfate