title: Transforming growth factor β receptor 1 is a new candidate prognostic biomarker after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prediction of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (MI) is clinically important and would benefit from the discovery of new biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were obtained upon admission in patients with acute ST-elevation MI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Messenger RNA was extracted from whole blood cells. LV function was evaluated by echocardiography at 4-months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a test cohort of 32 MI patients, integrated analysis of microarrays with a network of protein-protein interactions identified subgroups of genes which predicted LV dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 40%) with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) above 0.80. Candidate genes included transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1). In a validation cohort of 115 MI patients, TGBFR1 was up-regulated in patients with LV dysfunction (P < 0.001) and was associated with LV function at 4-months (P = 0.003). TGFBR1 predicted LV function with an AUC of 0.72, while peak levels of troponin T (TnT) provided an AUC of 0.64. Adding TGFBR1 to the prediction of TnT resulted in a net reclassification index of 8.2%. When added to a mixed clinical model including age, gender and time to reperfusion, TGFBR1 reclassified 17.7% of misclassified patients. TGFB1, the ligand of TGFBR1, was also up-regulated in patients with LV dysfunction (P = 0.004), was associated with LV function (P = 0.006), and provided an AUC of 0.66. In the rat MI model induced by permanent coronary ligation, the TGFB1-TGFBR1 axis was activated in the heart and correlated with the extent of remodeling at 2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified TGFBR1 as a new candidate prognostic biomarker after acute MI.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, Luxembourg, L-1150, Luxembourg. yvan.devaux@crp-sante.lu
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Devaux
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bousquenaud
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodius
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.forename: Fatiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maskali
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azuaje
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625841:TGFBR1 protein, human; C000625843:Tgfbr1 protein, rat