title: Clinical results of technique for double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hybrid femoral fixation and Retroscrew.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been presented as a means to more accurately restore the native anatomy of this ligament. This article describes a new method that uses a double bundle to perform ACL reconstruction and to evaluate the clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Grafts are tibialis anterior tendon allograft for anteromedial bundle (AMB) and hamstring tendon autograft without detachment of the tibial insertion for posterolateral bundle (PLB). This technique creates 2 tunnels in both the femur and tibia. Femoral fixation was done by hybrid fixation using Endobutton and Rigidfix for AMB and by biointerference screw for PLB. Tibial fixations are done by Retroscrew for AMB and by native insertion of hamstring tendon for PLB. Both bundles are independently and differently tensioned. We performed ACL reconstruction in 63 patients using our new technique. Among them, 47 participated in this study. The patients were followed up with clinical examination, Lysholm scales and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring system and radiological examination with a minimum 12 month follow-up duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvement was seen on Lachman test and pivot-shift test between preoperative and last follow-up. Only one of participants had flexion contracture about 5 degrees at last follow-up. In anterior drawer test by KT-1000, authors found improvement from average 8.3 mm (range, 4 to 18 mm) preoperatively to average 1.4 mm (range, 0 to 6 mm) at last follow-up. Average Lysholm score of all patients was 72.7 ± 8.8 (range, 54 to 79) preoperatively and significant improvement was seen, score was 92.2 ± 5.3 (range, 74 to 97; p < 0.05) at last follow-up. Also IKDC score was normal in 35 cases, near normal in 11 cases, abnormal in 1 case at last follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our new double bundle ACL reconstruction technique used hybrid fixation and Retroscrew had favorable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Doo-Sup
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Hoi-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Yeu-Seung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult