title: A randomized trial of a behavioral intervention for black MSM:  the DiSH study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a new behavioral intervention for black MSM in reducing sexual risk and increasing social support and intentions to use condoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-site, unblinded randomized trial in New York City with 3-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 283) reporting at least two sexual partners and unprotected anal intercourse with a man in the past 3 months were enrolled and randomized to a social-cognitive theory-based intervention or control comparison. Men in the intervention group participated in five 2-h group sessions focused on creating a group environment with sexual risk-reduction information and exercises woven into joint meal preparation and sharing activities, while exploring self-efficacy perceptions and outcome expectancies. Intervention (n = 142) and control (n = 141) groups received standard HIV counseling and testing at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between study arms at 3 months in number of male partners, number of unprotected anal intercourse partners, proportion reporting unprotected sex, number of acts protected by condoms, self-efficacy, condom attitudes, condom intentions, social isolation and psychological distress. In both arms combined, declines from baseline to 3 months were observed in sexual risk behaviors, social isolation and psychological distress, whereas self-efficacy, condom attitudes and condom intentions improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the HIV epidemic continues to have a dramatic impact on black MSM in the USA, the urgency to design innovative interventions continues.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, NY 10065, USA. bkoblin@nybloodcenter.org
authors.forename: Beryl A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Koblin
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: Borris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metralexis
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Guozhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Hong V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Tieu
authors.forename: Pilgrim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spikes
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult