title: The postprandial inflammatory response after ingestion of heated oils in obese persons is reduced by the presence of phenol compounds.
abstract: METHODS
  Heating during the process of cooking alters the chemical properties of foods and may affect subsequent postprandial inflammation. We tested the effects of four meals rich in different oils subjected to heating on the postprandial inflammatory metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty obese participants received four breakfasts following a randomized crossover design, consisting of milk and muffins made with different oils (virgin olive oil (VOO), sunflower oil (SFO), and a mixture of seeds oil (SFO/canola oil) with added either dimethylpolysiloxane (SOD), or natural antioxidants from olive mill wastewater alperujo (phenols; SOP)), previously subjected to 20 heating cycles. Postprandial inflammatory status in PBMCs was assessed by the activation of nuclear NF-κB, the concentration in cytoplasm of the NF-κB inhibitor (IκB-α), the mRNA levels of NF-κB subunits and activators (p65, IKKβ, and IKKα) and other inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIF, and JNK), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. VOO and SOP breakfasts reduced NF-κB activation, increased IκB-α, and decreased LPS plasma concentration. SFO increased IKKα, IKKβ, p65, IL-1b, IL-6, MIF, and JNK mRNA levels, and plasma LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oils rich in phenols, whether natural (VOO) or artificially added (SOP), reduce postprandial inflammation, compared with seed oil (sunflower).
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Herrera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado-Lista
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Torres-Sanchez
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Rangel-Zuñiga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno-Navarrete
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garcia-Olid
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Quintana-Navarro
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Alcala-Diaz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Lopez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez-Segura
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Real
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Luque de Castro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez-Miranda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perez-Jimenez
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000097:blood; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069463:Olive Oil; D019800:Phenol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D019518:Postprandial Period; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D019800:Phenol; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase