title: Side effects and complications of intraosseous  anesthesia and conventional oral anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the side effects and complications following intraosseous anesthesia (IA), comparing them with those of the conventional oral anesthesia techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simple-blind, prospective clinical study was carried out. Each patient underwent two anesthetic techniques: conventional (local infiltration and locoregional anesthetic block) and intraosseous, for respective dental operations. In order to allow comparison of IA versus conventional anesthesia, the two operations were similar and affected the same two teeth in opposite quadrants. Heart rate was recorded in all cases before injection of the anesthetic solution and again 30 seconds after injection. The complications observed after anesthetic administration were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 200 oral anesthetic procedures were carried out in 100 patients. Both IA and conventional anesthesia resulted in a significant increase in heart rate, though the increase was greater with the latter technique. Incidents were infrequent with either anesthetic technique, with no significant differences between them. Regarding the complications, there were significant differences in pain at the injection site, with more intense pain in the case of IA (x2=3.532, p=0.030, Φ2=0.02), while the limitation of oral aperture was more pronounced with conventional anesthesia (x2=5.128, p<0.05, Φ2=0.014). Post-anesthetic biting showed no significant differences (x2=4.082, p=0.121, Φ2=0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both anesthetic techniques significantly increased heart rate, and IA caused comparatively more pain at the injection site, while limited oral aperture was more frequent with conventional anesthesia. Post-anesthetic biting showed no significant differences between the two techniques.
authors.affiliation: Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peñarrocha-Oltra
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ata-Ali
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oltra-Moscardó
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peñarrocha-Diago
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peñarrocha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D007568:Jaw; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local