title: Raman spectroscopy as a detection and analysis tool for in vitro specific targeting of pancreatic cancer cells by EGF-conjugated, single-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were covalently linked to epidermal growth factor (EGF) proteins through an esterification process that was found to be responsible for the docking of SWCNTs on the human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) surface, thus providing a mechanism for the enhanced delivery and internalization of the nanotubes. Micro Raman spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the delivery process and kinetics of the SWCNTs. In vitro studies indicated that the delivery kinetics of SWCNT-EGF conjugates, at a concentration of 85 µg ml(-1), to the PANC-1 cell surfaces was significant in the first 30 min of incubation, but reached a plateau with time in accordance with the establishment of equilibrium between the association and the dissociation of EGF with the cell receptors. SWCNT-EGF conjugates could act as strong thermal ablation agents and could induce higher percentages of cellular death compared with the nontargeted SWCNTs alone.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Applied Science Department, Nanotechnology Center, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
authors.forename: Alokita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karmakar
authors.forename: Cornel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iancu
authors.forename: Dana Monica
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bartos
authors.forename: Meena W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Anindya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Enkeleda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dervishi
authors.forename: Samuel L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Collom
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khodakovskaya
authors.forename: Thikra
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Fumiya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Alexandru R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Biris
authors.forename: Yongbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Syed F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casciano
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassen
authors.forename: Zeid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nima
authors.forename: Alexandru S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Biris
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor