title: Monetary-based consequences for drug abstinence: methods of implementation and some considerations about the allocation of finances in substance abusers.
abstract: Conceptualizing drug abuse within the framework of behavioral theories of choice highlights the relevance of environmental variables in shifting behavior away from drug-related purchases. Choosing to use drugs results in immediate and certain consequences (e.g., drug high and relief from withdrawal), whereas choosing abstinence typically results in delayed, and often uncertain, consequences (e.g., improved health, interpersonal relationships, money).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a selective review of the literature on Contingency management (CM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We highlight a variety of methods to deliver CM in practical, effective, and sustainable ways. We consider a number of parameters that are critical to the success of monetary-based CM, and the role of the context in influencing CM's effects. To illustrate the broad range of applications of CM, we also review different methods for arranging contingencies to promote abstinence and other relevant behavior. Finally, we discuss some considerations about how drug-dependent individuals allocate their finances in the context of CM interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contingency management (CM) increases choice for drug abstinence via the availability of immediate, financial-based gains, contingent on objective evidence of abstinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA. dallery@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dallery
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raiff
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology