title: Graphite grains studded with silver nanoparticles: description and application in promoting direct biocatalysis between heme protein and the resulting carbon paste electrode.
abstract: The impregnation of graphite grains with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is proposed for making a novel carbon paste electrode (CPE). The resulting material promotes direct electron transfer and direct biocatalysis of embedded heme protein. It is demonstrated that the impregnation of graphite grains with AgNPs of 16-25 nm, incorporated in a CPE, can promote measurable bio-electrochemical phenomena involving hemoglobin and myoglobin. Unlike other biosensors prepared with simple carbon, those based on carbon grains studded with AgNPs show well-defined and quasi-reversible voltammetric peak with heterogeneous electron transfer rate k(s) of approximately 0.037±0.007 and 0.013±0.005s(-1) for hemoglobin and myoglobin, respectively. The embedded proteins also retain their bio-catalytical activity for hydrogen peroxide and nitrite reduction with linear ranges of 0.5-3000 μM and 30-150 μM, sensitivities of 73.6±0.6nA μM(-1) and 5.72±0.11 nA μM(-1), and detection limits close to 0.08 μM and 5.80 μM, for these two analytes respectively. These results support the viability of this preliminary approach for the development of advanced third-generation biosensors.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. elkaoutit@uca.es
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: ElKaoutit
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Naggar
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naranjo-Rodríguez
authors.forename: José L Hidalgo-Hidalgo
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: de Cisneros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055162:Biocatalysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002138:Calibration; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D004560:Electricity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006420:Hemeproteins; D009573:Nitrites; D010545:Peroxides; D012834:Silver; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide