title: Myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome.
abstract: Although adults with Down syndrome (DS) show a decreased incidence of cancer compared to individuals without DS, children with DS are at an increased risk of leukemia. Nearly half of these childhood leukemias are classified as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a relatively rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we summarize the clinical features of myeloid leukemia in DS, review recent research on the mechanisms of leukemogenesis, including the roles of GATA1 mutations and trisomy 21, and discuss treatment strategies. Given that trisomy 21 is a relatively common event in hematologic malignancies, greater knowledge of how the genes on chromosome 21 contribute to DS-AMKL will increase our understanding of a broader class of patients with leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Irum
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malinge
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crispino
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human