title: Antenatal antibiotic exposure in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether an association exists between antenatal antibiotic exposure and incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in low birth weight infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study was performed on all infants with a diagnosis of NEC born at our institition between 1988 and 2006. Medical histories of all infants with a diagnosis of NEC ≥Bell's stage IIA and matched controls without NEC were reviewed. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were compared using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square procedure, and logistic regression models were constructed to account for confounding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical data for 97 matched pairs were analyzed. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for antenatal exposure to ampicillin was significantly greater for infants who developed NEC (OR 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 4.8, P=0.003) than for control infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants who developed NEC were more likely to have a history of in utero exposure to ampicillin in the immediate antepartum period than infants who did not develop NEC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. andrea.weintraub@mssm.edu
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deluca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moshier
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oakman
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rand
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000667:Ampicillin