title: Physical fitness and performances of an amputee cycling world champion: a case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the physical fitness of a top-level lower limb amputee (LLA) cyclist and paracycling time-trial (TT) race demands.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 40-y-old male unilateral transfemoral amputee TT World Champion was tested in a laboratory for peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), ventilatory threshold (VT2), power output (PO), and hemoglobin mass (Hb-mass). Moreover, several measures (eg, PO, heart rate [HR], cadence) were collected during 4 international TT competitions in the same season. The races' intensity was evaluated as time spent below, at, or above VT2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cyclist (1.73 m, 55.0 kg) had a VO2peak of 3.372 L/min (61.3 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)). The laboratory peak PO was 315 W (5.7 W/kg). The maximal HR was 208 beats/min, and his Hb-mass was 744 g (13.5 g/kg). The TTs were meanly 18±4.5 km in length, and the mean PO was 248±8 W with a cadence of 92±1 rpm. During the TTs, the cyclist spent 23%±9% of total time at VT2, 59%±10% below, and 18%±5% above this intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subject's relative VO2peak is higher than previously published data on LLA, and surprisingly it is even higher than "good" ACSM normative data for nondisabled people. The intensity of the races was found to be similar to cycling TTs of the same duration in elite female cyclists. These results might be useful to develop specific training schedules and enhance performance of LLA cyclists.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Sport Service MAPEI, Castellanza, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menaspà
authors.forename: Ermanno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rampinini
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonetti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000674:Amputees; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D001642:Bicycling; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance; D010809:Physical Fitness; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors