title: Association between retinoid-X  receptor-gamma genetic polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: Retinoid-X receptor (RXR) is one of the members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. It forms heterodimers with many nuclear receptors, such as the peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor, which has been proposed to be involved in diabetic complications, including retinopathy. A recent study revealed that RXR-alpha has antioxidant properties and is associated with diabetic retinopathy. We found that the RXR-gamma gene is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We also hypothesized that the RXR-gamma gene has a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. We examined 213 diabetic patients, who were divided into retinopathy or no retinopathy groups. Nine selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RXR-gamma gene were evaluated. The diabetic retinopathy group had longer diabetes duration, higher body mass indexes, and higher systolic blood pressure, as well as higher concentrations of fasting plasma glucose, blood urine nitrogen, and creatine. One SNP--rs3818569 of the RXR-gamma gene was found to be associated with increased risk for diabetic retinopathy in both allele and genotype frequencies (P = 0.0023 and 0.0057, respectively). Analysis with multivariate logistic regression revealed that the dominant RXR-gamma GG genotype is a risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio = 2.388; 95% confidence interval = 1.17-4.875). We conclude that the RXR-gamma rs3818569 SNP is associated with diabetic retinopathy development in the Taiwanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. changhsun@seed.net.tw
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: F-C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hsiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D003710:Demography; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D047491:Retinoid X Receptor gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D047491:Retinoid X Receptor gamma