title: Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with neurotoxoplasmosis coinfection in a patient with advanced HIV infection.
abstract: We describe a patient with advanced HIV infection and Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with Toxoplasma gondii coinfection. A multidisciplinary effort and state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques were required for diagnosis. Our patient is the first reported case of an HIV-infected person with dual Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with neurotoxoplasmosis coinfection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. pdilanchian@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietrucha-Dilanchian
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Amilcar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castellano-Sanchez
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirzel
authors.forename: Panthipa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laowansiri
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuda
authors.forename: Govinda S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Visvesvara
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qvarnstrom
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ratzan
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D059611:Balamuthia mandrillaris / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020808:Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology