title: Effects of a normolipidic diet containing trans fatty acids during perinatal period on the growth, hippocampus fatty acid profile, and memory of young rats according to sex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) are incorporated in the hippocampus and its effects on the growth and aversive and spatial memories of young rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rat offspring whose mothers were fed with normolipidic diets containing soybean oil (soy group) or hydrogenated vegetable oil (trans group) during gestation and lactation were used. Male and female pups received the same diets as their mothers until the end of behavioral testing. The composition of fatty acids in the total lipids of the diets and hippocampus was quantified by gas chromatography. The results were evaluated by Student's t test or analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trans male and female body weights were higher during lactation and after weaning, with trans males having the lower body weight of the two. There was incorporation of 0.11% and 0.17% of TFAs in the hippocampi of male and female rats, respectively. During passive avoidance test, there was no significant difference. In the water maze test, there was no significant difference between male groups in the training and retention phases, except on day 4, when there was a significant decrease in latency in trans males. Trans females were worse on day 2 only and showed an improvement in spatial memory during the probe trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TFAs were incorporated in small amounts in the hippocampus and did not affect aversive memory. However, spatial memory was modified in young rats fed with a diet rich in TFAs. These findings suggested that, in addition to the TFA content of the diet provided, it is important to consider the provision of essential fatty acids and the ω-6/ω-3 ratio.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia da Neuroplasticidade e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. amandanutri8@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Amanda Santos
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Mônica Santos
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Maria das Graças
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Tavares do Carmo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D051381:Rats; D012737:Sex Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids