title: Recent progress in understanding molecular mechanisms of cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease affecting more than 20% of American adults. Predispositions include joint injury, heredity, obesity, and aging. Biomechanical alterations are commonly involved. However, the molecular mechanisms of this disease are complex, and there is currently no effective disease-modifying treatment. The initiation and progression of OA subtypes is a complex process that at the molecular level probably involves many cell types, signaling pathways, and changes in extracellular matrix. Ex vivo studies with tissue derived from OA patients and in vivo studies with mutant mice have suggested that pathways involving receptor ligands such as TGF-β1, WNT3a, and Indian hedgehog; signaling molecules such as Smads, β-catenin, and HIF-2a; and peptidases such as MMP13 and ADAMTS4/5 are probably involved to some degree. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms of OA development related to recent findings.
authors.affiliation: Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Meina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hongting
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hee-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandy
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D060509:Wnt3A Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C509246:IHH protein, human; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; C555510:WNT3A protein, human; C555511:Wnt3a protein, mouse; C514061:ihh protein, mouse