title: Evaluation of primary stability of self-tapping and non-self-tapping dental implants. A 12-week clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between surgical techniques and implant macro-design (self-tapping/non-self-tapping) for the optimization of implant stability in the low-density bone present in the posterior maxilla using resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 implants were studied. Fifty-six self-tapping BlueSkyBredent® (Bredent GmbH&Co.Kg®, Senden, Germany) and 56 non-self-tapping Standard Plus Straumann® (Institut Straumann AG®, Waldenburg, Switzerland) were placed in the posterior segment of the maxilla. Implants of both types were placed in sites prepared with either lateral bone-condensing or with bone-drilling techniques. Implant stability measurements were performed using RFA immediately after implant placement and weekly during a 12-week follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both types of implants placed after bone condensing achieved significantly higher stability immediately after surgery, as well as during the entire 12-week observation period compared with those placed following bone drilling. After bone condensation, there were no significant differences in primary stability or in implant stability after the first week between both implant types. From 2 to 12 postoperative weeks, significantly higher stability was shown by self-tapping implants. After bone drilling, self-tapping implants achieved significantly higher stability than non-self-tapping implants during the entire follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcomes of the present study indicate that bone drilling is not an effective technique for improving implant stability and, following this technique, the use of self-tapping implants is highly recommended. Implant stability optimization in the soft bone can be achieved by lateral bone-condensing technique, regardless of implant macro-design.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Stomatology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marković
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Calvo-Guirado
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lazić
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gómez-Moreno
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ćalasan
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guardia
authors.forename: Snježana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Čolic
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Salvatierra
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gačić
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delgado-Ruiz
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janjić
authors.forename: Tijana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mišić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants