title: Short-term outcomes of an employer-sponsored diabetes management program at an ambulatory care pharmacy clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of a collaborative, employer-sponsored diabetes management program on glycemic control and other clinical endpoints over 6-12 months is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective, chart-based evaluation, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and related health status indicators were assessed among first-year enrollees in the Healthy Outcome Partnership for Employees (HOPE) with Diabetes Program, an ongoing program sponsored by the Wake Forest Baptist Health (WFBH) system. Diabetes management services were provided by pharmacists in collaboration with providers inside and outside the WFBH system. The primary endpoint was the mean change in HbA(1c) during follow-up averaging 8.2 months; secondary endpoints included changes in blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 98 patients included in the data analysis (75.5% women, 72.4% Caucasian), the mean HbA(1c) value decreased significantly during the study period (from 7.8% to 7.1%, p < 0.01); the proportion of patients at the recommended goal of an HbA(1c) of ≤7.0% rose from 40.8% to 56.1% (p < 0.01). HOPE Program enrollees also experienced significant improvements in mean triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood pressure values (p < 0.05 for all). A subgroup of patients with initially poor glycemic control (HbA(1c) of ≥8.0%) had a mean HbA(1c) reduction of 1.7 percentage points during the study (p < 0.01), suggesting that the greatest benefits occurred in the highest-risk patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients seen for at least six months at an employer-sponsored ambulatory care diabetes clinic managed by pharmacists, significant improvements from baseline in clinical end-points including HbA(1c) and blood pressure were demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. vgyoder@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Virginia G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Yoder
authors.forename: Dave L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barnette
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Beardsley
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides