title: [Brief lecture on cardiovascular biomarkers based on the pathophysiology].
abstract: Living organisms on the earth live dependent on the sun. Human beings are unexceptional. Plants with chlorophyll on the earth capture energy radiated from the sun and produce carbohydrate and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water using the energy from the sun. Herbivorous animals eat plants, carnivorous ones eat herbivorous ones and human beings eat both with a small amount of vitamins and minerals. Food including carbohydrate, protein and lipid which is digested by the gastroenteric system and mainly absorbed through the small intestine. Finally, nutrients from the digestive system and oxygen from the lungs are brought to the cells or the tissue through the cardiovascular system. Acetyl-CoA from food and oxygen from the lungs are chemically burned in the mitochondria to produce a lot of ATP. On the way of ATP production, unfavorable free radicals are inevitably produced to result in cancer and/or atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissue or the cells. Literally, it is a pipe line for life support and then we must maintain cardiovascular system well to live long in good health. And therefore, it is essential to find cardiovascular abnormality as early as possible. Cardiovascular biomarkers such as BNP and NT-proBNP for screening for heart failure, RemL-C for screening for metabolic syndrome, cystatin C for screening for renal impairment and high sensitive troponin I, T for screening for ischemic myocardial damage have been greatly expected as tools to find early cardiovascular disorders for long survival in health examination and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan. tshimada1946@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004463:Ecology; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014336:Troponin
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014336:Troponin; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate