title: Actin nemaline myopathy mouse reproduces disease, suggests other actin disease phenotypes and provides cautionary note on muscle transgene expression.
abstract: Mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) cause congenital myopathies including nemaline myopathy, actin aggregate myopathy and rod-core disease. The majority of patients with ACTA1 mutations have severe hypotonia and do not survive beyond the age of one. A transgenic mouse model was generated expressing an autosomal dominant mutant (D286G) of ACTA1 (identified in a severe nemaline myopathy patient) fused with EGFP. Nemaline bodies were observed in multiple skeletal muscles, with serial sections showing these correlated to aggregates of the mutant skeletal muscle α-actin-EGFP. Isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were significantly weaker than wild-type (WT) muscle at 4 weeks of age, coinciding with the peak in structural lesions. These 4 week-old mice were ~30% less active on voluntary running wheels than WT mice. The α-actin-EGFP protein clearly demonstrated that the transgene was expressed equally in all myosin heavy chain (MHC) fibre types during the early postnatal period, but subsequently became largely confined to MHCIIB fibres. Ringbinden fibres, internal nuclei and myofibrillar myopathy pathologies, not typical features in nemaline myopathy or patients with ACTA1 mutations, were frequently observed. Ringbinden were found in fast fibre predominant muscles of adult mice and were exclusively MHCIIB-positive fibres. Thus, this mouse model presents a reliable model for the investigation of the pathobiology of nemaline body formation and muscle weakness and for evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions. The occurrence of core-like regions, internal nuclei and ringbinden will allow analysis of the mechanisms underlying these lesions. The occurrence of ringbinden and features of myofibrillar myopathy in this mouse model of ACTA1 disease suggests that patients with these pathologies and no genetic explanation should be screened for ACTA1 mutations.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia.
authors.forename: Gianina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravenscroft
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackaman
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sewry
authors.forename: Elyshia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Squire
authors.forename: Allyson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Kay E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Nigel G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: Kristen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017696:Myopathies, Nemaline / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains