title: Sex differences in salt sensitivity to nitric oxide dependent vasodilation in healthy young adults.
abstract: Dietary sodium and blood pressure regulation differs between normotensive men and women, an effect which may involve endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that differences in the NO component of endothelium-dependent vasodilation between low and high dietary sodium intake depend on sex. For 5 days prior to study, healthy adults consumed a controlled low-sodium diet (10 mmol/day, n = 30, mean age ± SE: 30 ± 1 yr, 16 men) or high-sodium diet (400 mmol/day, n = 36, age 23 ± 1 yr, 13 men). Forearm blood flow (FBF, plethysmography) responses to brachial artery administration of acetylcholine (ACh, 4 μg·100 ml tissue(-1)·min(-1)) were measured before and after endothelial NO synthase inhibition with N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA, 50 mg bolus + 1 mg/min infusion). The NO component of endothelium-dependent dilation was calculated as the response to ACh before and after l-NMMA accounting for changes in baseline FBF: [(FBF ACh - FBF baseline) - (FBF ACh(L-NMMA) - FBF baseline(L-NMMA))]. This value was 5.7 ± 1.3 and 2.5 ± 0.8 ml·100 ml forearm tissue(-1)·min(-1) for the low- and high-sodium diets, respectively (main effect of sodium, P = 0.019). The sodium effect was larger for the men, with values of 7.9 ± 2.0 and 2.2 ± 1.4 for men vs. 3.1 ± 1.3 and 2.7 ± 1.0 ml·100 ml forearm tissue(-1)·min(-1) for the women (P = 0.034, sex-by-sodium interaction). We conclude that the NO component of endothelium-dependent vasodilation is altered by dietary sodium intake based on sex, suggesting that endothelial NO production is sensitive to dietary sodium in healthy young men but not women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Eisenach.John@mayo.edu
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Eisenach
authors.forename: Leah R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Gullixson
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Wayne T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D000109:Acetylcholine