title: High-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy in a patellar tendon animal model: a vascularization focused study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of high-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy on tendon angiogenesis in the patellar tendons of rabbits. We sought to investigate whether different voltage and number pulses modify the angiogenesis pattern.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  High-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy is an option in the treatment of orthopedic diseases such as chronic tendonitis. Despite its potential clinical applicability, there have been few studies on this technique that examine both its clinical effectiveness and its effect on angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy was applied at the tibial insertion of the left patellar ligament in 30 rabbits that were separated into six groups that differed in terms of the voltage and number of pulses that were applied by high-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy. The tibial insertion in the right legs of the animals was used as the control. After six weeks, we performed histological analysis on the region and quantified the number of blood vessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the number of blood vessels between the left and right patellar tendons were found within groups. Additionally, no significant differences in the number of blood vessels in the left patellar tendons were found between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of high-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy did not cause a change in vascularization in the patellar tendon in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo - Orthopedics and Traumatology, Brazil. fernandopenteado@ig.com.br
authors.forename: Fernando Travaglini
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Penteado
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faloppa
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.forename: Vinícius Ynoe
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: João Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Belloti
authors.forename: João Baptista Gomes dos
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000098:blood supply*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000628:therapy*