title: How implicit motives and everyday self-regulatory abilities shape cardiovascular risk in youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tested hypotheses from social action theory that (a) implicit and explicit measures of agonistic (social control) motives and transcendence (self-control) motives differentially predict cardiovascular risk; and (b) implicit motives interact with everyday self-regulation behaviors to magnify risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implicit/explicit agonistic/transcendence motives were assessed in a multi-ethnic sample of 64 high school students with the Social Competence Interview (SCI). Everyday self-regulation was assessed with teacher ratings of internalizing, externalizing, and self-control behaviors. Ambulatory blood pressure and daily activities were measured over 48 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study hypotheses were supported: implicit goals predicted blood pressure levels but explicit self-reported coping goals did not; self-regulation indices did not predict blood pressure directly but interacted with implicit agonistic/transcendence motives to identify individuals at greatest risk (all p ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of implicit motives by SCI, and everyday self-regulation by teachers may improve identification of youth at risk for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, NY 13244, USA. ckewart@syr.edu
authors.forename: Craig K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ewart
authors.forename: Gavin J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D012927:Social Control, Informal