title: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis.
abstract: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a treatment-responsive encephalitis associated with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies, which bind to the NR1/NR2 heteromers of the NMDA receptors. It is a highly characteristic syndrome evolving in five stages: the prodromal phase (viral infection-like symptoms), psychotic phase, unresponsive phase, hyperkinetic phase, and gradual recovery phase. It has been considered as a paraneoplastic syndrome usually affecting childbearing-age female with ovarian tumors; however, recent reports suggest a much higher incidence of nonparaneoplastic cases in children. We report a 14-year-old girl with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis without a detectable tumor who showed a nearly complete recovery after intensive immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Foundation Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Te-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Ning-Hui
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: Ming-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D008874:Midazolam