title: The increased PDGF-A, PDGF-B and FGF-2 expression in recurrence of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumour. Although classified as benign, it has a tendency to recur (recurrent pleomorphic adenomas (RPA)), as well as the ability to undergo malignant transformation. It has been suggested that mutations in various families of growth factors and growth factor receptions are involved in the autonomous growth of tumour cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-Rα, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, Flg and BEK in PA, RPA and recurrent pleomorphic adenoma with malignant transformation (TRPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  18 cases of PA, 16 cases of RPA and two cases of RPA with focal malignant transformation (TRPA) were analysed for growth factor expression utilising immunohistochemical techniques via tissue microarray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-Rα, FGF-2, Flg and BEK expression in all groups. When comparing non-recurrent with recurrent tumours, PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-Rα, FGF-2, Flg and BEK reactivity in RPA was stronger than that observed in PA. All proteins were highly expressed in TRPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research suggests that PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-Rα, FGF-2, BEK and Flg can be related to the recurrence of PA. In addition, this study shows that TRPA cells overexpress all growth factors, which has been reported in association with the malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. andresabs@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Andresa Borges
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Demasi
authors.forename: Alfio Jose
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tincani
authors.forename: Antonio Santos
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Albina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altemani
authors.forename: Vera Cavalcanti
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: de Araújo
mesh_terms: D008949:Adenoma, Pleomorphic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000032:analysis; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000032:analysis; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000717249:FLG protein, human; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; C075278:platelet-derived growth factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha