title: Crumpled nanopaper from graphene oxide.
abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solution was aerosolized and rapidly dried to produce crumpled nanopaper-like sheets. Online size selection and aerosol mass analysis was used to determine the fractal dimension (D) of crumpled GO nanosheets as 2.54 ± 0.04. That is identical to macroscale materials, such as crumpled balls of paper and foil. Thermal reduction of crumpled GO nanosheets did not change D, even after loss of nearly 25% of the nanosheets mass. We demonstrate that D is able to be tuned by altering solvent conditions. A 10% acetone mixture increased D to 2.68 ± 0.02. Calculations of the confinement force show that crumpling of GO nanosheets is driven by the capillary force associated with rapid solvent loss.
authors.affiliation: Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Zangmeister
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010209:Paper; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite