title: Analytical performance of a PCR assay for the detection of KRAS mutations (codons 12/13 and 61) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: KRAS mutation testing is mandatory before prescribing anti-epidermal growth factor monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. We describe the performance of a TaqMelt polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay-the cobas® KRAS Mutation Test-designed to detect 19 mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61. The limit of detection was determined using DNA blends from cell lines, plasmids, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Assay performance was compared to Sanger sequencing using a panel of 188 specimens. Discordant specimens were subjected to next generation pyrosequencing (454). Assay repeatability was assessed using a panel of six specimens. A >95% correct mutation call rate was obtained in all specimen types with ~5% mutant alleles at DNA inputs of 0.8-6.3 ng per PCR reaction; 100% detection rate was observed at the recommended DNA input of 50 ng. The positive percent agreement with Sanger was 97.5% (79/81) for codons 12/13 and 85.7% (6/7) for codon 61. Negative percent agreement was 94.4% (101/107) for codon 12/13 and 99.4% (180/181) for codon 61. Nine of 10 discordant specimens yielded 454 results consistent with the cobas® results. With repeated testing, the assay showed a correct call rate of 100% (192/192) for all operators, instruments, reagent lots, and days tested. The cobas® test detects KRAS mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 at a limit of detection of <5%. The PCR assay was more sensitive and specific than Sanger sequencing, and performance was highly reproducible. Test performance was not influenced by various endogenous interfering substances or common gut microbes.
authors.affiliation: Roche Molecular Systems, Inc, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA.
authors.forename: Sung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Victoria H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.forename: Jianli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoeppner
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soviero
authors.forename: H Jeffrey
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016707:Tissue Fixation; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D005557:Formaldehyde; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins