title: Differentiating activity and participation of children and youth with disability in Sweden: a third qualifier in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article discusses the use of a third qualifier, subjective experience of involvement, as a supplement to the qualifiers of capacity and performance, to anchor activity and participation as separate endpoints on a continuum of actions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Empirical data from correlational studies were used for secondary analyses. The analyses were focused on the conceptual roots of the participation construct as indicated by the focus of policy documents, the support for a third qualifier as indicated by correlational data, differences between self-ratings and ratings by others in measuring subjective experience of involvement, and the empirical support for a split between activity and participation in different domains of the activity and participation component.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participation seems to have two conceptual roots, one sociologic and one psychologic. The correlational pattern between the qualifiers of capacity, performance, and subjective experience of involvement indicates a possible split between activity and participation. Self-ratings of participation provide information not obtained through ratings by others, and later domains in the activities and participation component fit better with measures of experienced involvement than earlier domains did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from secondary analyses provide preliminary support for the use of a third qualifier measuring subjective experience of involvement to facilitate the split between activity and participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Children and Youth version, activity and participation domain.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granlund
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arvidsson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niia
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Björck-Åkesson
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simeonsson
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eriksson-Augustine
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pless
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000145:classification* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D058992:Social Participation