title: Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in Texas children from birth through 12 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For > 50 years, polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) have been used worldwide, mainly as surfactants and emulsifiers, and human exposure to some PFCs is widespread.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to report PFC serum concentrations from a convenience sample of Dallas, Texas, children from birth to < 13 years of age, and to examine age and sex differences in PFC concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 300 serum samples collected in 2009 for eight PFCs by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution-tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in > 92% of participants; the other PFCs measured were detected less frequently. Overall median concentrations of PFOS (4.1 ng/mL) were higher than those for PFOA (2.85 ng/mL), PFNA (1.2 ng/mL), and PFHxS (1.2 ng/mL). For PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS, we found no significant differences (p < 0.05) by sex, significantly increasing concentrations for all four chemicals by age, and significantly positive correlations between all four compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no significant differences in the serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS by sex, but increasing concentrations with age. Our results suggest that these 300 Texas children from birth through 12 years of age continued to be exposed to several PFCs in late 2009, years after changes in production of some PFCs in the United States.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schecter
authors.forename: Noor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malik-Bass
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Colacino
authors.forename: Tyra L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gent
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Hynan
authors.forename: T Robert
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Sunitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malla
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013781:Texas
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons