title: Gene array studies in HIV-1 infection.
abstract: HIV-1-infected individuals exhibit remarkable variation in the onset of disease. Virus replication and disease progression depend on host cellular transcription and gene regulation in virus-specific target cells. Both viral and host factors are implicated in this differential regulation. Gene arrays and transcriptome analyses might shed light on why some infected individuals remain asymptomatic while others progress rapidly to AIDS. Here we review developments in HIV research using gene array technologies and the unifying concepts that have emerged from these studies. Gene set enrichment analysis has revealed gene signatures linked to disease progression involving pathways related to metabolism, apoptosis, cell-cycle dysregulation, and T-cell signaling. Macrophages contain anti-apoptotic signatures. Also, HIV-1 regulates previously under-emphasized cholesterol biosynthesis and energy production pathways. Notably, cellular pathways linked to a subset of HIV-infected individuals known as non-progressors contribute to survival and anti-viral responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. ram163@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehla
authors.forename: Velpandi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ayyavoo
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D019468:Disease Management; D018450:Disease Progression; D005544:Forecasting; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral