title: Biofilm on artificial pacemaker: fiction or reality?
abstract: Cardiac pacing through cardiac pacemaker is one of the most promising alternatives in the treatment of arrhythmias, but it can cause reactions natural or complex reactions, either early or late. This study aimed to describe the scientific evidence on the risk of infection and biofilm formation associated with cardiac pacemaker. This is a study of integrative literature review. It included 14 publications classified into three thematic categories: diagnosis (microbiological and/or clinical), complications and therapy of infections. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were the microorganisms most frequently isolated. It was not possible to determine the incidence of infection associated with pacemakers, since the studies were generally of prevalence. In terms of therapy, the complete removal of pacemakers stood out, especially in cases of suspected biofilm. Still controversial is the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of infection associated with implantation of a pacemaker.
authors.affiliation: Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Azevedo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Evandro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Denise de
authors.initials: Dd
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy