title: Lipophilic phosphonium-lanthanide compounds with magnetic, luminescent, and tumor targeting properties.
abstract: Multifunctional phosphonium-lanthanide compounds that simultaneously possess paramagnetism, luminescence, and tumor mitochondrial targeting properties were prepared by use of a facile method. These compounds were fully characterized by use of (1)H, (13)C, (31)P NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analyses. The thermal properties of these compounds including melting points and decomposition temperatures were investigated using DSC and TGA analyses. In addition, the paramagnetism, luminescence, and tumor targeting properties of these multifunctional compounds were confirmed by respective use of SQUID, fluorescence, and cell cytotoxicity studies. All compounds exhibited paramagnetism at room temperature, which could provide target delivery of these compounds to parts of the body containing tumor cells using a strong external magnetic field. In addition, these compounds display two major characteristic emissions originating from Dy(3+), which can be utilized for imaging tumor cells. The IC(50) values of these compounds measured against normal breast cell line (Hs578Bst) are significantly greater than those measured against the corresponding carcinoma breast cell line (Hs578T), clearly indicating the selective tumor targeting properties of these compounds. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies were used to confirm the yellowish-green fluorescence corresponding to the emission of dysprosium thiocyanate anion within cancer cells upon exposure of cancer cell lines such as human pancreatic carcinoma cell line (MIAPaCa-2) and human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) to a solution of these phosphonium-dysprosium compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gabriela M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ganea
authors.forename: Chengfei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Sergio L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: De Rooy
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: El-Zahab
authors.forename: Vivian E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Fernand
authors.forename: Rongying
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Isiah M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004419:Dysprosium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D060306:Magnetometry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D009861:Onium Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D004419:Dysprosium; C013289:tetraphenylphosphonium