title: Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  This immunohistochemical study of estrogen and progesterone receptors could not confirm a significant expression in nasal telangiectasias. Thus, a specific effect of these hormones or anti-hormone therapy on malformed nasal vessels has to be questioned and only offered under strict clinical control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The efforts to control recurrent epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) using alternative methods are very intense. Hormone or anti-hormone therapy has frequently been postulated and the reported results are controversial. Therefore it was important to find an explanation regarding a possible impact of hormonal therapies by immunohistochemical evaluation of progesterone and estrogen receptor expression on nasal telangiectasias of affected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples of nasal mucosa with evidence of telangiectasias from 14 patients with HHT were analyzed for the expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors on the nuclei of endothelial cells of the malformed vessels using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progesterone receptors were not detected in any of the cases and only two cases showed a weak expression of estrogen receptors with an immunoreactive score of 2/12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Philipp University of Marburg, Germany. eivazi@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Behfar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eivazi
authors.forename: Jochen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roessler
authors.forename: Hesham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Negm
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teymoortash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D011374:Progesterone