title: MR-compatible treadmill for exercise stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: This article describes an MR-safe treadmill that enables cardiovascular exercise stress testing adjacent to the MRI system, facilitating cardiac MR imaging immediately following exercise stress. The treadmill was constructed of nonferromagnetic components utilizing a hydraulic power system. Computer control ensured precise execution of the standard Bruce treadmill protocol commonly used for cardiovascular exercise stress testing. The treadmill demonstrated no evidence of ferromagnetic attraction and did not affect image quality. Treadmill performance met design specifications both inside and outside the MRI environment. Ten healthy volunteers performed the Bruce protocol with the treadmill positioned adjacent to the MRI table. Upon reaching peak stress (98 ± 8% of age-predicted maximum heart rate), the subjects lay down directly on the MRI table, a cardiac array coil was placed, an intravenous line connected, and stress cine and perfusion imaging performed. Cine imaging commenced on average within 24 ± 4 s and was completed within 40 ± 7 s of the end of exercise. Subject heart rates were 86 ± 9% of age-predicted maximum heart rate at the start of imaging and 81 ± 9% of age-predicted maximum heart rate upon completion of cine imaging. The MRI-compatible treadmill was shown to operate safely and effectively in the MRI environment.
authors.affiliation: Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jekic
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Paaladinesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thavendiranathan
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: Subha V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Orlando P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Simonetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media