title: Suppression and recovery of voltage-gated currents after cocaine treatments of olfactory receptor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cocaine (1-5% concentrations) is commonly used as a local anesthetic for the otorhinolaryngeal surgery of the nasal cavity. Recent reports indicate that some patients complain of olfactory deficits after surgery, and decreased olfaction is found in cocaine abusers. In spite of these reports, the effects of cocaine on the olfactory receptor cells are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effect of cocaine was examined in olfactory receptor cells isolated from the newt. Under the voltage clamp with the whole-cell recording configuration, the voltage-gated currents were recorded when the membrane potential was depolarized from a holding potential of -100 mV in a step wise between -90 mV and +40 mV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When cocaine was applied by a puff pressure (5%) and the extracellular solution, the voltage-gated currents, including inward and outward components, were significantly reduced. The dose-suppression curves of cocaine for sodium and potassium currents could be fitted by the Hill equation. Half-blocking concentration of sodium and potassium currents were 43 μM and 557 μM; Hill coefficient was 1.1 and 0.9, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This rapid and complete recovery from the suppression was confirmed even after the treatments with the high concentration cocaine. This fact implies that cocaine does not affect olfactory ability after locally high dose treatments of nasal cavity in surgical operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan. k-tamari@doc.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamari
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurahashi
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D012455:Salamandridae; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels; D003042:Cocaine