title: Transition in occupational radiation exposure monitoring methods in diagnostic and interventional radiology.
abstract: Radiation exposure monitoring is a traditional keystone of occupational radiation safety measures in medical imaging. The aim of this study was to review the data on occupational exposures in a large central university hospital radiology organisation and propose changes in the radiation worker categories and methods of exposure monitoring. An additional objective was to evaluate the development of electronic personal dosimeters and their potential in the digitised radiology environment. The personal equivalent dose of 267 radiation workers (116 radiologists and 151 radiographers) was monitored using personal dosimeters during the years 2006-2010. Accumulated exposure monitoring results exceeding the registration threshold were observed in the personal dosimeters of 73 workers (59 radiologists' doses ranged from 0.1 to 45.1 mSv; 14 radiographers' doses ranged from 0.1 to 1.3 mSv). The accumulated personal equivalent doses are generally very small, only a few angiography radiologists have doses >10 mSv per 5 y. The typical effective doses are <10 µSv y(-1) and the highest value was 0.3 mSv (single interventional radiologist). A revised categorisation of radiation workers based on the working profile of the radiologist and observed accumulated doses is justified. Occupational monitoring can be implemented mostly with group dosimeters. An active real-time dosimetry system is warranted to support radiation protection strategy where optimisation aspects, including improving working methods, are essential.
authors.affiliation: HUS Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lönnroth
authors.forename: Mirja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirvonen-Kari
authors.forename: Marjut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timonen
authors.forename: Sauli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kortesniemi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D015642:Radiology, Interventional