title: Head and neck lymphatic tumors and bony abnormalities: a clinical and molecular review.
abstract: Lymphatic malformations and lymphatic-derived tumors commonly involve the head and neck, where they may be associated with bony abnormalities and other systemic symptoms. The reasons for the association between these disorders and local skeletal changes are largely unknown, but such changes may cause significant disease-related morbidity. Ongoing work in molecular and developmental biology is beginning to uncover potential reasons for the bony abnormalities found in head and neck lymphatic disease; this article summarizes current knowledge on possible mechanisms underlying this association.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majesky
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Perkins
mesh_terms: D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018190:Neoplasm, Lymphatic Tissue / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011859:Radiography; D015398:Signal Transduction