title: Oxidants as important determinants of renal apoptosis during pneumoperitoneum: a study in an isolated perfused rat kidney model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pneumoperitoneum-associated ischemia-reperfusion (IR) may initiate renal dysfunction. Whether oxidants are responsible for renal structural damage, such as cell apoptosis, has not yet been evaluated. We investigated such eventuality in an isolated rat kidney model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five rat kidneys with their vessels and ureter were harvested and perfused within a closed environment at flow of 15 ml min(-1). After stabilization, kidneys were assigned to one of five groups (n = 7 per group): CO(2)-induced intrachamber pressure of 8, 12, or 0 mmHg (control), and 8 or 12 mmHg pressure applied to kidneys from rats treated pre-experimentally with tungsten for 14 days. Pressurization lasted 60 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organ perfusion pressure raised as intrachamber pressure increased. Urinary output decreased in the two pressurized nonpretreated groups. Intrachamber pressure was directly associated with an increase in postexperimental xanthine oxidase tissue levels. Twofold apoptosis was documented (p < 0.05) in cortex of nonpretreated kidney in the 12 mmHg group compared with the 8 or 0 mmHg groups. Tungsten pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the abnormalities documented in the 12 mmHg group, but less so in the 8 mmHg pressurized nontreated counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumoperitoneal pressure applied to isolated perfused kidney is associated with renal apoptosis. This rapidly induced structural renal damage is oxidant dependent and can be attenuated by antioxidants. Further studies may shed more light on the role of antioxidants in preventing pneumoperitoneum-induced kidney dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Wisam
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Avi A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weinbroum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D016877:Oxidants / Q000502:physiology*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014556:Urine / Q000502:physiology; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase