title: Biochemistry of the phagosome: the challenge to study a transient organelle.
abstract: Phagocytes are specialized cells of the immune system, designed to engulf and destroy harmful microorganisms inside the newly formed phagosome. The latter is an intracellular organelle that is transformed into a toxic environment within minutes and disappears once the pathogen is destroyed. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are produced inside the phagosome. Intracellular granules or lysosomes of the phagocyte fuse with the phagosome and liberate their destructive enzymes. This process of phagocytosis efficiently protects against most infections; however, some microorganisms avoid their destruction and cause severe damage. To understand such failure of phagosomal killing, we need to learn more about the actual destruction process in the phagosome. This paper summarizes methods to investigate the biochemistry of the phagosome and discusses some of their limitations. In accordance with the nature of the phagosome, the issue of localization and temporal dynamics is emphasized, and recent developments are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 443, rue des Adeles, 91405 Orsay, France. oliver.nusse@u-psud.fr
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nüsse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species