title: Improvement of flow and bulk density of pharmaceutical powders using surface modification.
abstract: Improvement in flow and bulk density, the two most important properties that determine the ease with which pharmaceutical powders can be handled, stored and processed, is done through surface modification. A limited design of experiment was conducted to establish a standardized dry coating procedure that limits the extent of powder attrition, while providing the most consistent improvement in angle of repose (AOR). The magnetically assisted impaction coating (MAIC) was considered as a model dry-coater for pharmaceutical powders; ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and ascorbic acid. Dry coated drug powders were characterized by AOR, particle size as a function of dispersion pressure, particle size distribution, conditioned bulk density (CBD), Carr index (CI), flow function coefficient (FFC), cohesion coefficient using different instruments, including a shear cell in the Freeman FT4 powder rheometer, and Hansen flowability index. Substantial improvement was observed in all the measured properties after dry coating relative to the uncoated powders, such that each powder moved from a poorer to a better flow classification and showed improved dispersion. The material intrinsic property such as cohesion, plotted as a function of particle size, gave a trend similar to those of bulk flow properties, AOR and CI. Property improvement is also illustrated in a phase map of inverse cohesion (or FFC) as a function of bulk density, which also indicated a significant positive shift due to dry coating. It is hoped that such phase maps are useful in manufacturing decisions regarding the need for dry coating, which will allow moving from wet granulation to roller compaction or to direct compression based formulations.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 138 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA.
authors.forename: Laila J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jallo
authors.forename: Chinmay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghoroi
authors.forename: Lakxmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gurumurthy
authors.forename: Utsav
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Rajesh N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Davé
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000737:chemistry*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry*; D008280:Magnetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D012212:Rheology; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D000082:Acetaminophen; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D007052:Ibuprofen