title: Relative Tissue Factor Deficiency Attenuates Ventilator-Induced Coagulopathy but Does Not Protect against Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in Mice.
abstract: Preventing tissue-factor-(TF-) mediated systemic coagulopathy improves outcome in models of sepsis. Preventing TF-mediated pulmonary coagulopathy could attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We investigated the effect of relative TF deficiency on pulmonary coagulopathy and inflammation in a murine model of VILI. Heterozygous TF knockout (TF(+/-)) mice and their wild-type (TF(+/+)) littermates were sedated (controls) or sedated, tracheotomized, and mechanically ventilated with either low or high tidal volumes for 5 hours. Mechanical ventilation resulted in pulmonary coagulopathy and inflammation, with more injury after mechanical ventilation with higher tidal volumes. Compared with TF(+/+) mice, TF(+/-) mice demonstrated significantly lower pulmonary thrombin-antithrombin complex levels in both ventilation groups. There were, however, no differences in lung wet-to-dry ratio, BALF total protein levels, neutrophil influx, and lung histopathology scores between TF(+/-) and TF(+/+) mice. Notably, pulmonary levels of cytokines were significantly higher in TF(+/-) as compared to TF(+/+) mice. Systemic levels of cytokines were not altered by the relative absence of TF. TF deficiency is associated with decreased pulmonary coagulation independent of the ventilation strategy. However, relative TF deficiency does not reduce VILI and actually results in higher pulmonary levels of inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Wolthuis
authors.forename: Alexander P J
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vlaar
authors.forename: Goda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Joris J T H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Nicole P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Juffermans
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schultz