title: Henhouse feeding style and Salmonella Enteritidis contamination in unvaccinated flocks of egg farms, April 1994-March 2001.
abstract: From April 1994 to March 2001, monitoring tests (surveillance) for contamination of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) at commercial egg farms and farm traceback inspections for cases of SE foodborne illness were carried out in the Himeji Livestock Hygiene Service Center jurisdiction of Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. SE vaccination was not performed before the outbreak of SE-associated foodborne illness, and SE contamination of a farm was recognized. In the surveillance, the year average percentages of identified SE-positive farms were 6.1% in farms with floor feeding in an open-type henhouse (F-OH) and 12.7% in farms with cage feeding in a windowless-type henhouse (C-WH), but 0% in farms with only cage feeding in an open-type henhouse (C-OH). The highest identified proportion of SE-positive farms among all styles of farms was found (4.3%) in April 1997-March 1999. Farm traceback inspections were performed in 2 of 7 farms feeding by F-OH and in 5 of 9 farms feeding by C-WH in this period. Easier contamination with SE was found for C-WH or F-OH than for C-OH. Ninety percent of the birds (3,632,000 birds at 70 farms) are fed at these easier contamination farms by C-WH (89% of birds in 13% of farms) or F-OH (1% of birds at 10% of farms). Integrated sanitary requirements and SE vaccinations are especially necessary on farms feeding by F-OH or C-WH. Since 1999, these countermeasures have been performed, and SE foodborne illnesses and affected patients in Hyogo Prefecture have gradually decreased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene Service, Himeji Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 2-10-16, Tadera-higashi, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0081, Japan. osamu_watanabe@pref.hyogo.lg.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000592:standards; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007564:Japan; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D022562:Salmonella Vaccines