title: Prediction of response to androgen deprivation therapy and castration resistance in primary metastatic prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tried to establish the predictive factors influencing the initial response, as well as its duration, and time to castration resistance (CR) for primary advanced prostate cancer (PC) with bone metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated all patients initially receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for primary advanced PC with bone metastasis. A total of 982 patients with complete medical records available for analysis from 18 centers were included in this study. Age, initial PSA, Gleason score (GS) and extent of bone involvement (EBI) were recorded in a database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all the patients, 896 (91.2%) responded to ADT initially. Pretreatment PSA and EBI were significant predictors in the multivariate model. Among the 659 patients who progressed into a CR state, the mean duration of response was 22.4 months. There was a significant correlation between the CR state and nadir PSA (nPSA) level and time to nPSA. Pretreatment PSA, EBI, GS, highest tumor volume in biopsy cores (%), number of positive biopsy cores, percent positive biopsy cores and time to nPSA were proven to be significant to predict a nPSA. Pretreatment PSA, GS and EBI were statistically significant predictors of PSA normalization in multivariate analysis. The limitation of the study depends on the retrospective design and a model was developed for low standardization as a result of using multicenter data. The patients enrolled in this study were from a relatively long period of time (1989-2008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that it is possible to predict the initial response to ADT by pretreatment PSA levels and EBI, while the duration of response can be reflected by a multitude of clinical factors including nPSA, TTnPSA, percent positive cores, biopsy GS and EBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, M.H. Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. t.divrik @ gmail.com
authors.forename: Rauf Taner
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Divrik
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Türkeri
authors.forename: Ali F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Şahin
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akdoğan
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ateş
authors.forename: Çağ
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Çal
authors.forename: Sümer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltacı
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013812:Therapeutics; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen