title: Asymmetric eyebrow elevation and its association with ocular dominance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between asymmetric eyebrow elevation and ocular dominance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients who underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty from July 2007 to May 2009. Patients with pre- and postoperative involuntary asymmetric eyebrow elevation were selected from a surgical log database for inclusion in this study. Brow asymmetry was determined by examination of preoperative and postoperative digital photographs and was defined as a measured eyebrow-height difference in conjunction with the asymmetric recruitment of the frontalis muscle. Ocular dominance was determined by using a modified Porta test. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Fisher Exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. Sixty-six percent (31 of 47) involuntarily, asymmetrically elevated the right eyebrow, and 34% (16 of 47), the left. Of the 31 patients with right eyebrow elevation, 87% (27 of 31) were right-eye dominant, and 13% (4 of 31) were left-eye dominant (p < 0.001). Among patients with asymmetric left eyebrow elevation, 62.5% (10 of 16) were left-eye dominant, whereas only 37.5% (6 of 16) patients were right-eye dominant (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report for the first time that involuntary asymmetric eyebrow elevation and ocular dominance are significantly associated. The assessment of ocular dominance should be included in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of patients with asymmetric brow elevation undergoing blepharoplasty. This asymmetry and its etiology must be recognized, so that an attempt to create symmetry does not result in the overcorrection of the contralateral eyelid that may lead to complications such as lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Department of Surgery, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Elizabeth V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D023882:Dominance, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology