title: Socio-demographic factors associated with caustic substance ingestion in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Caustic substance ingestion is a public health issue in some underdeveloped countries. Published information on socio-demographic factors related to this problem is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors with caustic ingestion in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  case-control study. Cases were children with caustic substance ingestion who were attended to during 2006 (n=94) at a pediatric referral hospital in Guadalajara, Mexico; the controls were a random sample of children who were hospitalized or seen as outpatients in the same pediatric referral hospital (n=641). The socio-demographic variables were studied using a validated questionnaire (Children Nutrition Organization Survey).
  
  
  METHODS
  OR, 95% CI and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the cases was 3.2 years (SD 2.4) and 37.2% of cases were girls. Caustic ingestion occurred at home in 63.8% of cases and at a relative's home in 23.4% of cases. Alkaline products were ingested by 85.1%; containers had no warning labels in 72.3% of cases and no childproof safety caps in 92.6% of cases. The socio-demographic variables associated with caustic ingestion included higher family income, lower educational level of the mother, higher proportion of fathers working as independent professionals, extended family, mother's age <30 years, and mother working outside the home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed family risk profile for caustic ingestion was higher family income, young working mother with low educational level, father working as independent professional, and extended family.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Belisario Domínguez 735, Sector Libertad, Guadalajara, Jalisco, CP 43240, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carmen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ramírez
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larrosa-Haro
authors.forename: Edgar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Vásquez-Garibay
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macías-Rosales
mesh_terms: D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002424:Caustics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003906:Developing Countries; D004522:Educational Status; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics