title: In vitro antioxidant  activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the liverwort Scapania verrucosa.
abstract: We  investigated in vitro antioxidant activities of 49 endophytic fungi  isolated from the liverwort Scapania verrucosa. Based on morphological  and molecular identification, the endophytic fungi isolated were classified  into seven genera (Hypocrea, Penicillium, Tolypocladium, Chaetomium, Xylaria, Nemania, and Creosphaeria), all belonging to one  family (Xylariaceae). By screening with the  2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) decolorization  assay, the ethyl acetate extracts of five endophytic fungi (T7, T21, T24, T32,  and T38 strains), which exhibited remarkable Trolox equivalent (TE) antioxidant  capacity (ranging from 997.06 to 1248.10 μmol TE/g extract), were selected and their antioxidant  capacity was further evaluated by assays for 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl  (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power, and  ferrous ion chelating. The ethyl acetate extracts of two endophytic fungi (T24  and T38) were found to have comparable scavenging abilities on both DPPH-free  radicals (93.9 and 88.7%, respectively, at 50 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (97.1 and  89.4%, respectively, at 2 mg/mL) when compared with those of the positive  controls (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene, respectively). Although  their reducing powers were similar to that of butylated hydroxytoluene, as  indicated by absorbance (0.35 and 0.30 at 50 μg/mL, respectively), only the T38 strain's  ethyl acetate extract showed ferrous ion chelating ability (92.9% at 1 mg/mL)  comparable to that of the EDTA-2Na control. These endophytic fungi in S.  verrucosa are a potential novel source of natural antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: T-Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002681:China; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D035926:Hepatophyta / Q000382:microbiology*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012997:Solvents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002839:Chromans; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D010851:Picrates; D012997:Solvents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C007650:ethyl acetate; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid