title: Oncolytic activities of host defense peptides.
abstract: Cancer continues to be a leading source of morbidity and mortality worldwide in spite of progress in oncolytic therapies. In addition, the incidence of cancers affecting the breast, kidney, prostate and skin among others continue to rise. Chemotherapeutic drugs are widely used in cancer treatment but have the serious drawback of nonspecific toxicity because these agents target any rapidly dividing cell without discriminating between healthy and malignant cells. In addition, many neoplasms eventually become resistant to conventional chemotherapy due to selection for multidrug-resistant variants. The limitations associated with existing chemotherapeutic drugs have stimulated the search for new oncolytic therapies. Host defense peptides (HDPs) may represent a novel family of oncolytic agents that can avoid the shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy because they exhibit selective cytotoxicity against a broad spectrum of malignant human cells, including multi-drug-resistant neoplastic cells. Oncolytic activity by HDPs is usually via necrosis due to cell membrane lysis, but some HDPs can trigger apoptosis in cancer cells via mitochondrial membrane disruption. In addition, certain HDPs are anti-angiogenic which may inhibit cancer progression. This paper reviews oncolytic HDP studies in order to address the suitability of selected HDPs as oncolytic therapies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Oncology and Wound Healing, Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44789, Germany; E-Mails:  sammy.al-benna@ruhr-uni-bochum.de  (S.A.-B.);  frank.jacobsen@ruhr-uni-bochum.de  (F.J.).
authors.forename: Sammy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Benna
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shai
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinstraesser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents