title: Chromium and genomic stability.
abstract: Many metals serve as micronutrients which protect against genomic instability. Chromium is most abundant in its trivalent and hexavalent forms. Trivalent chromium has historically been considered an essential element, though recent data indicate that while it can have pharmacological effects and value, it is not essential. There is no data indicating that trivalent chromium promotes genomic stability and, instead may promote genomic instability. Hexavalent chromium is widely accepted as highly toxic and carcinogenic with no nutritional value. Recent data indicate that it causes genomic instability and also has no role in promoting genomic stability.
authors.affiliation: Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, and Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME 04104, United States.
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: John Pierce
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002857:Chromium / Q000502:physiology* / Q000633:toxicity; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009753:Nutritive Value
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion