title: The interaction of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in liver diseases.
abstract: It is widely known that the liver is a central organ in lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and cholesterol metabolism. However, over the last decades, a variety of pathological conditions highlighted the importance of metabolic functions within the diseased liver. As observed in Western societies, an increase in the prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome promotes pathophysiological changes that cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD increases the susceptibility of the liver to acute liver injury and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Alterations in insulin response, β-oxidation, lipid storage and transport, autophagy and an imbalance in chemokines and nuclear receptor signaling are held accountable for these changes. Furthermore, recent studies revealed a role for lipid accumulation in inflammation and ER stress in the clinical context of liver regeneration and hepatic carcinogenesis. This review focuses on novel findings related to nuclear receptor signaling - including the vitamin D receptor and the liver receptor homolog 1 - in hepatic lipid and glucose uptake, storage and metabolism in the clinical context of NAFLD, liver regeneration, and cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Bechmann
authors.forename: Rebekka A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hannivoort
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerken
authors.forename: Gökhan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hotamisligil
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trauner
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canbay
mesh_terms: D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C082631:NR5A2 protein, human; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D005947:Glucose