title: Mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase and polyadenylation.
abstract: Polyadenylation of mitochondrial RNAs in higher eukaryotic organisms have diverse effects on their function and metabolism. Polyadenylation completes the UAA stop codon of a majority of mitochondrial mRNAs in mammals, regulates the translation of the mRNAs, and has diverse effects on their stability. In contrast, polyadenylation of most mitochondrial mRNAs in plants leads to their degradation, consistent with the bacterial origin of this organelle. PAPD1 (mtPAP, TUTase1), a noncanonical poly(A) polymerase (ncPAP), is responsible for producing the poly(A) tails in mammalian mitochondria. The crystal structure of human PAPD1 was reported recently, offering molecular insights into its catalysis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Gene Expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Jeong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics; D026723:Polyadenylation / Q000235:genetics*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; C029305:mitochondrial messenger RNA; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C555258:MTPAP protein, human