title: Cone beam CT for organs motion evaluation in pediatric abdominal neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the organ motion relative to bone in different breathing states in pediatric neuroblastoma using cone beam CT (CBCT) for better definition of the planning margins during abdominal IMRT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two datasets of kV CBCT for 9 pediatric patients with abdominal neuroblastoma treated with IMRT were evaluated. Organs positions on planning CT scan were considered the reference position against which organs and target motions were evaluated. The position of the kidneys and the liver was assessed in all scans. The target movement was evaluated in four patients who were treated for gross residual disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 4.1 ± 1.6 years. The range of target movement in the craniocaudal direction (CC) was 5mm. In the CC direction, the range of movement was 10mm for the right kidney, and 8mm for the left kidney. Similarly, the liver upper edge range of motion was 11 mm while the lower edge range of motion was 13 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the use of daily CBCT we may be able to reduce the PTV margin. If CBCT is not used daily, a wider margin is needed.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Section, Oncology Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. mnazmy@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mohamed Soliman
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nazmy
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khafaga
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khalil
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods*