title: Self-organization of hydrogen gas bubbles rising above laser-etched metallic aluminum in a weakly basic aqueous solution.
abstract: Self-organization of hydrogen bubbles is reported under etching of metallic Aluminum in a weakly basic solution. The ascending gas bubbles drift to the areas with higher density of bubbles. As a result, ascending bubbles form various stationary structures whose symmetry is determined by the symmetry of the etched area. Bubbles are aligned along the bisectors of the contour of the etched area. The special laser-assisted profiling of the etched area in shape of a vortex induces a torque in the fluid above the etched area. The process is interpreted on the basis of Bernoulli equation.
authors.affiliation: Wave Research Center, A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Barmina
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kuzmin
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Shafeev