title: Microarray analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, but we have not fully understood the mechanism responsible for the development of AR. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous noncoding RNAs regulating protein  translation through a mechanism known as RNA interference. To understand the molecular mechanisms of miRNA involved in the pathogenesis of AR, expressed miRNAs in AR were investigated through genomewide microarray analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammalian miRNA microarrays containing  whole human mature and precursor miRNA sequences were used for analyzing eight samples of nasal mucosa of AR and eight samples of nonallergic patients. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of some different expressed miRNAs was used to confirm the array  results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The miRNA microarray chip analysis identified 421 miRNAs differentially expressed in the nasal mucosa of AR, and a total of 9 miRNAs were identified in the AR group with twofold change compared with control samples (p < 0.05). These included up-regulated  miRNAs, hsa-hsa-miR-7, and hsa-miRPlus-E1194, and down-regulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-498, hsa-miR-187, hsa-miR-874, hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-886-3p, hsa-miR-224, and hsa-miR-767-5p. RT-PCR results also confirmed that part of differentially expressed miRNAs as hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-187,  and hsa-miR-143 were down-regulated in AR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The report indicated that many miRNA expressions were altered in AR and differentially expressed miRNAs appear to be involved in the development of AR. The study of miRNAs may lead to a better understanding about the  roles of identified miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AR; this would be considered in future therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaoqing
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruxin
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guojun
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhiqiang
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shudong
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015508:Nasal Obstruction; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology*; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D035683:MicroRNAs; D007073:Immunoglobulin E