title: Bilingual listeners' perception of temporally manipulated English passages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study measured, objectively and subjectively, how changes in speech rate affect recognition of English passages in bilingual listeners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten native monolingual, 20 English-dominant bilingual, and 20 non-English-dominant bilingual listeners repeated target words in English passages at five speech rates (unprocessed, two expanded, and two compressed), in quiet and in noise. For noise conditions, performance was measured at a signal-to-noise ratio that was determined through an adaptive procedure to avoid ceiling and floor effects. Listeners also made subjective judgments of speech rate, speech clarity, and performance confidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In noise, stepwise improvement was observed as rate slowed down. A similar effect was not found in quiet. This pattern in performance was largely comparable across listener groups but was most robust in English-dominant listeners. Changes in speech rate and presence of noise significantly affected listeners' subjective ratings; however, no intergroup differences were observed for any of the subjective ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilingual listeners benefited from slow speech rates, more evidently so in noise than in quiet. Their performance, however, did not reach a monolingual level, even at the most favorable rate. Nonetheless, all listeners reported comparable confidence when processing temporally manipulated English passages.
authors.affiliation: Long Island University, New York, NY, USA. lu.shi@liu.edu
authors.forename: Lu-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Farooq
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D009622:Noise; D010469:Perceptual Distortion; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult