title: Ceruloplasmin oxidation, a feature of Parkinson's disease CSF, inhibits ferroxidase activity and promotes cellular iron retention.
abstract: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by oxidative stress and CNS iron deposition. Ceruloplasmin is an extracellular ferroxidase that regulates cellular iron loading and export, and hence protects tissues from oxidative damage. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we investigated ceruloplasmin patterns in the CSF of human Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinson's disease ceruloplasmin profiles proved more acidic than those found in healthy controls and in other human neurological diseases (peripheral neuropathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease); degrees of acidity correlated with patients' pathological grading. Applying an unsupervised pattern recognition procedure to the two-dimensional electrophoresis images, we identified representative pathological clusters. In vitro oxidation of CSF in two-dimensional electrophoresis generated a ceruloplasmin shift resembling that observed in Parkinson's disease and co-occurred with an increase in protein carbonylation. Likewise, increased protein carbonylation was observed in Parkinson's disease CSF, and the same modification was directly identified in these samples on ceruloplasmin. These results indicate that ceruloplasmin oxidation contributes to pattern modification in Parkinson's disease. From the functional point of view, ceruloplasmin oxidation caused a decrease in ferroxidase activity, which in turn promotes intracellular iron retention in neuronal cell lines as well as in primary neurons, which are more sensitive to iron accumulation. Accordingly, the presence of oxidized ceruloplasmin in Parkinson's disease CSF might be used as a marker for oxidative damage and might provide new insights into the underlying pathological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Proteome Biochemistry, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iannaccone
authors.forename: Carlo V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Cannistraci
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbariga
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Codazzi
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pelizzoni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: Mariasabina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesca
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franciotta
authors.forename: Stefano F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cappa
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alessio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007501:Iron; D002570:Ceruloplasmin