title: Activation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and risk of lung cancer among rural women in India who cook with biomass fuel.
abstract: The impact of indoor air pollution (IAP) from biomass fuel burning on the risk of carcinogenesis in the airways has been investigated in 187 pre-menopausal women (median age 34years) from eastern India who cooked exclusively with biomass and 155 age-matched control women from same locality who cooked with cleaner fuel liquefied petroleum gas. Compared with control, Papanicolau-stained sputum samples showed 3-times higher prevalence of metaplasia and 7-times higher prevalence of dysplasia in airway epithelial cell (AEC) of biomass users. Immunocytochemistry showed up-regulation of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt(ser473) and p-Akt(thr308)) proteins in AEC of biomass users, especially in metaplastic and dysplastic cells. Compared with LPG users, biomass-using women showed marked rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and depletion of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) indicating oxidative stress. There were 2-5 times more particulate pollutants (PM(10) and PM(2.5)), 72% more nitrogen dioxide and 4-times more particulate-laden benzo(a)pyrene, but no change in sulfur dioxide in indoor air of biomass-using households, and high performance liquid chromatography estimated 6-fold rise in the concentration of benzene metabolite trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in urine of biomass users. Metaplasia and dysplasia, p-Akt expression and ROS generation were positively associated with PM and t,t-MA levels. It appears that cumulative exposure to biomass smoke increases the risk of lung carcinogenesis via oxidative stress-mediated activation of Akt signal transduction pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700 026, India.
authors.forename: Sanghita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roychoudhury
authors.forename: Nandan Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.forename: Sayali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Anindita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Shabana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: Manas Ranjan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D056804:Biofuels; D003296:Cooking; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012306:Risk; D012424:Rural Population; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056804:Biofuels; D052638:Particulate Matter; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt