title: Determination of embryonic temperature profiles and eggshell water vapor conductance constants in incubating Ross x Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs using temperature transponders.
abstract: The comprehensive profiles of the internal and external temperatures of embryonated Ross × Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs during incubation were determined using temperature transponders, and eggshell water vapor conductance (G(H2O)), specific G(H2O) (g(H2O); G(H2O) adjusted to a 100 g set egg weight basis), and G(H2O) constants (K(H2O)) were calculated. On each of 8 replicate tray levels of an incubator, 2 nonembryonated and 4 embryonated eggs were each implanted with a transponder on d 10.5 of incubation for the determination of internal (air cell) temperatures of nonembryonated (T(nem)) and embryonated (T(emb)) eggs, respectively. In addition, 2 water-filled vials, each containing a transponder, were used on each tray level for the determination of the external microenvironment temperatures (T(ext)) of the embryonated and nonembryonated eggs. Between 10.5 and 18 d of incubation, incubator data logger temperatures were determined every 5 min; and incubator dry bulb temperature, T(ext), T(nem), T(emb), and the difference between T(emb) and T(nem) (T) were determined every 12 h. Over the days of incubation, regression coefficients for T(emb) and T were positive, whereas the regression coefficient for T(nem) was negative. There was a significant day of incubation × type of temperature measurement (T(ext), T(nem), and T(emb)) interaction for temperature. Between 13 and 18 d of incubation, mean values of T(emb) readings that were recorded every 12 h were consistently higher than those of T(ext) and T(nem), indicating the importance of air cell transponder implantation for the efficient estimation of broiler embryo temperature. Furthermore, mean values of the percentage of daily incubational egg weight loss, G(H2O), g(H2O), and K(H2O) of the embryonated eggs were 0.54 ± 0.019%, 14.4 ± 0.56 mg of H₂O/d per Torr, 25.0 ± 0.96 mg of H₂O/d per Torr per 100 g, and 5.20 ± 0.205, respectively. The results suggest that transponders may be implanted in the air cells of broiler hatching eggs to detect incubational variations in T(emb) and to subsequently calculate G(H2O), g(H2O), and K(H2O).
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 39762, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pulikanti
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peebles
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Gerard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010063:Ovum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D013696:Temperature; D013821:Thermometers / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014867:Water