title: An investigation into the effect of formulation variables and process parameters on characteristics of granules obtained by in situ fluidized hot melt granulation.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of binder content, binder particle size, granulation time and inlet air flow rate on granule size and size distribution, granule shape and flowability, as well as on drug release rate. Hydrophilic (polyethyleneglycol 2000) and hydrophobic meltable binder (glyceryl palmitostearate) were used for in situ fluidized hot melt granulation. Granule size was mainly influenced by binder particle size. Binder content was shown to be important for narrow size distribution and good flow properties. The results obtained indicate that conventional fluid bed granulator may be suitable for production of highly spherical agglomerates, particularly when immersion and layering is dominant agglomeration mechanism. Granule shape was affected by interplay of binder content, binder particle size and granulation time. Solid state analysis confirmed unaltered physical state of the granulate components and the absence of interactions between the active and excipients. Besides the nature and amount of binder, the mechanism of agglomerate formation seems to have an impact on drug dissolution rate. The results of the present study indicate that fluidized hot melt granulation is a promising powder agglomeration technique for spherical granules production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia. ivana.masic@pharmacy.bg.ac.rs
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mašić
authors.forename: Ilija
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilić
authors.forename: Rok
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dreu
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibrić
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parojčić
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Durić
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D044367:Phase Transition; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders; D012212:Rheology; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013649:Taste; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D000082:Acetaminophen; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C009032:precirol