title: Erythropoietin attenuates apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury in transiently hyperglycemic Wister rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperglycemia is associated with a decreased tolerance to ischemia and an increased severity of renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. It has been suggested that erythropoietin (EPO) attenuates this effect in normoglycemic animals. This study sought to examine the effects of EPO on treatment renal I/R injury (IRI) in transiently hyperglycemic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight male Wister rats anesthetized with isoflurane received glucose (2.5 g.kg(-1) intraperitoneally) before right nephrectomy. They were randomly assigned to four groups: sham operation (S); IRI (ISO); IRI+EPO, (600 UI kg(-1) low-dose EPO [EL]); and IRI+EPO 5000 UI kg(-1) (high-dose EPO [EH]). IRI was induced by a 25-minute period of left renal ischemia followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Serum creatinine and glucose levels were measure at baseline (M1), immediately after the ischemic period (M2), and at 24 hours after reperfusion (M3). After sacrificing the animals, left kidney specimens were submitted for histological analysis including flow cytometry to estimate tubular necrosis and the percentages of apoptotic, dead or intact cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scr in the ISO group was significantly higher at M3 than among the other groups. Percentages of early apoptotic cells in ISO group were significantly higher than the other groups. Percentages of late apoptotic cells in S and ISO groups were significantly greater than EL and EH groups. However, no significant intergroup differences were observed regarding the incidence of tubular necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that, although not preventing the occurrence of tubular necrosis, EPO attenuated apoptosis and glomerular functional impairment among transiently hyperglycemic rats undergoing an ischemia/reperfusion insult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesilogy, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.forename: P T G
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vianna Filho
authors.forename: Y M M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Castiglia
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Golim
authors.forename: A V G
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: L Raquel
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deffune
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: P T G
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vianna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D003404:Creatinine