title: Aliskiren displays long-lasting interactions with human renin.
abstract: Aliskiren is a selective renin inhibitor recently approved for use in hypertension. Efficacy duration appears longer than what would be expected based on its circulating half-life. The aim was therefore to characterize the kinetics of the interaction between aliskiren and renin. The interaction was evaluated in three assays and compared with two other renin inhibitors including remikiren. First, the inhibition of recombinant human renin was assessed by monitoring the cleavage of fluorescent substrate. Second, human plasma renin activity (PRA) was monitored by measuring generated angiotensin I over 1 h in the presence or absence of inhibitor. Finally, the affinity, association and dissociation rate constants were determined by using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor assay. Aliskiren and remikiren were found to be equipotent inhibitors of recombinant renin activity (K(i) ≤ 0.04 nM) while compound 1 displayed a K (i) value of 1 nM. PRA was efficiently inhibited by both aliskiren and remikiren with IC₅₀ values of 0.2-0.3 nM. Remikiren and aliskiren also displayed long-lasting interactions with immobilized renin having k (off) values of 0.18 and 0.11 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ respectively. These dissociation rate constants corresponded to residence times of 1.5 and 2.5 h, respectively, while compound 1 had a residence time lasting only 3 min. It is therefore concluded that the long-lasting interaction between aliskiren and human renin may contribute to the 24 h anti-hypertensive effect seen in clinical trials and possibly also to target-mediated drug disposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gossas
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vrang
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sedig
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sahlberg
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: U Helena
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Danielson
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D005650:Fumarates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005650:Fumarates; D007093:Imidazoles; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012083:Renin; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors; C446481:aliskiren; C065581:remikiren