title: Pedestrian exposure to size-resolved particles in Milan.
abstract: Measurement campaigns for airborne particles along a pedestrian route in the city center of Milan were performed by means of a portable instrument consisting of an optical particle counter and a global positioning system (GPS) signal receiver. Based on the size-resolved particle number concentration data and on proper density factors experimentally determined for Milan urban area, the mass concentrations were calculated in terms of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < or =10 microm (PM10), < or =2.5 pm (PM2.5), and < or =1 microm (PM1). Besides directly measuring the personal exposure to PM throughout the route, the measurement campaigns pointed out small spatial and temporal variations of the concentration ranges in the different urban microenvironments visited along the route as well as very peculiar features of the particles levels in the underground subway. These findings suggested that the personal exposure of pedestrians in the city center could be estimated by simply taking into account the exposure at the open air and in the subway. The comparison between measured and calculated exposures according to the microenvironment-based estimation results in reasonable accordance, even though the estimations tend to slightly underestimate (12%) the actual measured exposure.
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Milano, DIIAR, Environmental Section, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lonati
authors.forename: Senem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozgen
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ripamonti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cernuschi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giugliano
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter