title: Super-selective basilar artery infusion of bevacizumab and cetuximab for multiply recurrent pediatric ependymoma.
abstract: Ependymoma is a central nervous system tumor associated with a poor prognosis due to limited efficacy of current medical treatment modalities, often resulting in multiple surgical re-resections with each tumor recurrence. As traditional chemotherapeutic regimens have proved unsuccessful in long-term control of subtotally resected ependymoma, other agents targeting the tumor microenvironement including the angiogenic factors supplying neovascularization have recently been used. Anti-angiogenic agents such as bevacizumab are routinely used in adult patients with recurrent glioma. Selective intra-arterial cerebral infusion (SIACI) of biological agents within tumor-supplying cerebral vasculature has recently been re-examined as a means to avoid the systemic side-effects associated with intravenous use of bevacizumab. This technical paper describes the first reported use of SIACI for delivery of two targeted biologic agents, bevacizumab and cetuximab in a pediatric patient utilizing the basilar artery to selectively administer the drugs to the tumor microenvironment. We believe this method for therapeutic delivery will both broaden treatment options and better refine treatment methodology as the multi-modality treatment approach often required to treat patients with pediatric ependymomas and other intracranial malignancies evolves.
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajappa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krass
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Riina
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Boockvar
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Greenfield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001488:Basilar Artery; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068818:Cetuximab; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000068818:Cetuximab