title: The first Plasmodium vivax relapses of life are usually genetically homologous.
abstract: In a prospective infant cohort, 21 infants developed Plasmodium vivax malaria during their first year. Twelve of their mothers also had vivax malaria in the corresponding pregnancies or postpartum period. The genotypes of the maternal and infant infections were all different. Eight of the 12 mothers and 9 of the 21 infants had recurrent infections. Relapse parasite genotypes were different to the initial infection in 13 of 20 (65%) mothers compared with 5 of 24 (21%) infants (P = .02). The first P. vivax relapses of life are usually genetically homologous, whereas relapse in adults may result from activation of heterologous latent hypnozoites acquired from previous inoculations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Mallika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imwong
authors.forename: Machteld E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Boel
authors.forename: Watcharee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pagornrat
authors.forename: Mupawjay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pimanpanarak
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGready
authors.forename: Nicholas P J
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nosten
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000469:parasitology*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan