title: Mild traumatic brain injury literature review and proposed changes to classification.
abstract: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) reportedly occurs in 8-22% of U.S. servicemembers who conduct combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. The current definition for mTBI found in the medical literature, to include the Department of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Administration (VA) clinical practice guidelines is limited by the parameters of loss of consciousness, altered consciousness, or post-traumatic amnesia, and does not account for other constellations of potential symptoms. Although mTBI symptoms typically resolve within seven days, some servicemembers experience symptoms that continue for weeks, months, or years following an injury. Mild TBI is one of few disorders in medicine where a benign and misleading diagnostic classification is bestowed on patients at the time of injury, yet still can be associated with lifelong complications. This article comprehensively reviews the clinical literature over the past 20 years and proposes a new classification for TBI that addresses acute, sub-acute, and chronic phases, and includes neurocognitive, somatic, and psychological symptom presentation.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Krainin
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Forsten
authors.forename: Russ S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kotwal
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Guskiewicz
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel; D014481:United States