title: Pelvic limb kinematics and surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius muscle in dogs with hip osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the activity patterns of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris, and gluteus medius (GM) muscle at a walk in sound dogs and dogs with hip osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n = 10) with hip OA and 7 clinically sound dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reflective markers and a high-speed camera system were used for kinematic measurements and surface electrodes were used for the electromyography (EMG). All measurements were performed on walking dogs. Maximal, minimal, and mean values of the joint angles were evaluated, together with the surface EMG data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all muscles investigated, mean activity was significantly decreased during the early swing phase in dogs with hip OA. The VL and GM muscle of the clinically worse pelvic limb had significantly higher activity than the contralateral pelvic limb during early stance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The muscles investigated were significantly affected by hip OA. This finding suggests that there is a more distinct resting phase of the muscles during swing and a higher activity during early stance.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Surgery and Ophthalmology, Section for Physiotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. barbara.bockstahler@vetmeduni.ac.at
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bockstahler
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kräutler
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holler
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotschwar
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vobornik
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D004576:Electromyography / Q000662:veterinary*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*