title: Analysis of dural sac thickness in human spine-cadaver study with confocal infrared laser microscope.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The thickness of the human spine dural sac can show differences between individuals and levels, and these differences can alter clinical outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze spinal cord dural sac thicknesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomical study of human cadavers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects of this study were 19 human cadavers with no prior history of spinal surgery or deformity. Seventeen specimens from T1/T2 to L5/S1 were obtained from each of 19 cadavers, a total of 323 specimens. Multiple sections were prepared from these specimens. Microscopic measurements were taken with an infrared laser-based confocal microscope to determine the mean dural sac thickness at each level. In addition, a magnetic resonance image of the lumbar spine was obtained from each subject. Relations between dural sac thicknesses at different levels were analyzed with respect to gender, age, and stenosis level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall mean dural sac thickness was 0.307±0.122 mm in this human cadaver series. Dura thicknesses differed significantly at different levels (p=.046). Overall, dural thickness was highest at T9/T10 and lowest at L2/L3 (p=.0007) as well as highest at the lower thoracic level followed by the upper thoracic and lumbar levels (p=.003). In addition, dural sac thickness was found to increase slightly but significantly with age (p=.019). However, dural thickness was similar between men and women (p=.123). And, no significant dural thickness differences were found for stenotic and nonstenotic lesions (p=.885).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dural sac thickness was found to be significantly dependent on spinal level and age in human cadavers. An appreciation of dural sac thickness differences can be useful in the clinical field, and it is hoped that this encourages further study of dural physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Danwon Gu, Ansan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Seung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Si-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hitesh N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.forename: Im J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Rhyu
authors.forename: Soonwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hyunung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Joonsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology*