title: Comparison late cutaneous complications between exposure to sulfur mustard and nerve agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iraq used chemical weapons against thousands of Iranian militaries and civilians. This study aimed to compare the chronic cutaneous side effects of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) with nerve agents (NA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 154 SM exposed cases and 175 (NA) exposed cases. Presence of any late cutaneous manifestations was evaluated by a dermatologist via prior history of acute cutaneous complications extracted from medical achieves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  only 18.1% mustard exposed group was asymptomatic compared to 62.4% nerve agent exposures. Mustard and non-mustard scars, intertrigo, xerosis, cherry angioma, hyper pigmentation, pilar keratosis, poikiloderma, and malignant tumors were significantly more frequent in mustard exposed patients (p < 0.05). Nerve agent exposed patients experienced significantly more frequent occurrence of acne a seborrheic dermatitis and tinea versicolor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mustard induced dermaltologic lesions were more common and specific than (NA) skin injuries. (NA) cause few psychocutaneous disorders like acne and seborrheic dermatitis in addition to psychological stress disorders.
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. naseremad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Seyed Naser
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Emadi
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aslani
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Poursaleh
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izadi
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soroush
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kafashi
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alavinia
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Momtaz-Manesh
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaili
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raygan
authors.forename: Seyed Emad
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Emadi
authors.forename: Farhang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Babamahmoodi
authors.forename: Seyed Abolfazl
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Emadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas