title: Clearance of topically-applied PVP-iodine as a solution or gel in periodontal pockets in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the clearance of PVP-iodine applied as a gel or solution in periodontal pockets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teeth of 12 subjects with at least eight periodontal pockets of ≥5 mm probing depth were isolated with a rubber dam to allow contamination-free access to the pockets. In each subject, three pockets were filled with PVP-iodine gel (10%) and three with PVP-iodine solution (10%). One pocket of each subject without iodine application served as a negative control. The treatment allocation was assigned randomly. Any excess material was removed subsequently. After 1, 5 and 15 min, a paper point was used to collect the sulcus liquid and the concentration of PVP-iodine was chemically determined. In addition, PVP-iodine gel was administered into 12 periodontal pockets immediately after sub-gingival ultrasound debridement and the concentration of PVP-iodine was determined after 1 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Descending concentrations of PVP-iodine were determined at 1, 5 and 15 min after the application. No PVP-iodine was found in the pockets serving as negative controls. The mean concentrations of the gel and solution were 6.14 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml (1 min; p ≥ 0.028), 3.20 μg/ml and 1.44 μg/ml (5 min; p ≥ 0.126), 0.69 μg/ml and 0.23 μg/ml (15 min; p ≤ 0.019), respectively. In the pockets with previous debridement the mean concentration was 1.68 ± 1.97 μg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of PVP-iodine gel in periodontal pockets allows a prolonged remnant effect as compared to that of the solution formula.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland. philipp.sahrmann@zzm.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sahrmann
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ronay
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D012996:Solutions; D011206:Povidone-Iodine