title: Longitudinal evaluation of cancer-associated biomarkers before and after weight loss in RENEW study participants: implications for cancer risk reduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer (EC). An improved understanding of biologic mechanisms associated with weight loss, including alteration in inflammation, hormonal balance, and cancer antigens expression may lead to the development of effective cancer prevention strategies. The goal of this study was to explore longitudinal biomarker changes in obese women who underwent weight loss intervention, testing the hypothesis biomarker levels can be altered through intentional weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 89 participants with Class II and Class III obesity and 43 non morbidly obese comparisons were obtained in Re-Energize with Nutrition, Exercise and Weight Loss (RENEW) study as previously reported. Twenty-one bead-based xMAP immunoassays were utilized, including cancer-associated antigens, cytokines, chemokines, and hormones. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the association between changes in biomarker expression levels over time (baseline, 6 months and 12 months). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine longitudinal relationships between biomarker expression levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean levels of VEGF, soluble E-selectin, GH, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-7, CA-125, and IGFBP-1 significantly differed between time periods. In adjusted mixed linear models, decreasing BMI was significantly associated with lower levels of soluble E-selectin and IL-6 and increases in GH, adiponectin, and IGFBP-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one of the first efforts to explore changes in cancer-associated biomarkers in a cohort of weight loss research participants at high risk for EC development. Our findings demonstrate that changes in the expression of markers can be achieved with weight loss intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Faina.Linkov@gmail.com
authors.forename: Faina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Linkov
authors.forename: G Larry
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Ashley S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lenzner
authors.forename: Dana H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bovbjerg
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lokshin
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hennon
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jakicic
authors.forename: Bret H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Goodpaster
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: DeLany
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor