title: Role of oxidative stress in transformation induced by metal mixture.
abstract: Metals are ubiquitous pollutants present as mixtures. In particular, mixture of arsenic-cadmium-lead is among the leading toxic agents detected in the environment. These metals have carcinogenic and cell-transforming potential. In this study, we used a two step cell transformation model, to determine the role of oxidative stress in transformation induced by a mixture of arsenic-cadmium-lead. Oxidative damage and antioxidant response were determined. Metal mixture treatment induces the increase of damage markers and the antioxidant response. Loss of cell viability and increased transforming potential were observed during the promotion phase. This finding correlated significantly with generation of reactive oxygen species. Cotreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine induces effect on the transforming capacity; while a diminution was found in initiation, in promotion phase a total block of the transforming capacity was observed. Our results suggest that oxidative stress generated by metal mixture plays an important role only in promotion phase promoting transforming capacity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, DF Mexico.
authors.forename: Silva-Aguilar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Rojas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Emilio
authors.forename: Valverde
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahara
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D001151:Arsenic; D000111:Acetylcysteine