title: Verbascoside is not genotoxic in the ST and HB crosses of the Drosophila wing spot test, and its constituent, caffeic acid, decreases the spontaneous mutation rate in the ST cross.
abstract: Verbascoside (VB) is a phenylpropanoid isolated from Buddleja species, some of which originate in Mexico, and was first described in the sixteenth century in the codices of Mexican traditional medicine. VB is present in alcohol extracts and is widely used in the north of Mexico as a sunscreen. VB absorbs UV-A and UV-B radiation and has high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. VB and its constituent caffeic acid (CA) were screened to determine their genotoxic activity using the Drosophila wing spot test. Third instar larvae (72±4 h) of the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with regulated and high levels of cytochrome P450s (Cyp450s), respectively, were exposed to VB or CA (0, 27, 57, 81, 135, and 173 mM). VB was not genotoxic at any of the concentrations tested in both crosses. The amount of VB residue as determined by HPLC in the adult flies that were fed with VB indicated a low metabolism of this compound, which explains the absence of genotoxicity. CA decreased the spontaneous frequencies of small and total spots and showed putative toxicity in the ST cross.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Toxicology, Biology, UNAM FES Iztacala, Av. Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, CP. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Santos-Cruz
authors.forename: José Guillermo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ávila-Acevedo
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortega-Capitaine
authors.forename: Jesús Clemente
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ojeda-Duplancher
authors.forename: Juana Laura
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perdigón-Moya
authors.forename: Luis Barbo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hernández-Portilla
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: López-Dionicio
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durán-Díaz
authors.forename: Irma Elena
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Dueñas-García
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Partida
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Bores
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Heres-Pulido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001711:Biotransformation; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004330:Drosophila; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols; C040048:caffeic acid