title: APLP1 and Rab5A interact with the II-III loop of the voltage-gated Ca-channel Ca(v)2.3 and modulate its internalization differently.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) regulate cellular activity in response to membrane depolarization by altering calcium homeostasis. Because calcium is the most versatile second messenger, regulation of the amount of VGCCs at the plasma membrane is highly critical for several essential cellular processes. Among the different types of VGCCs, the Ca(v)2.3 calcium channel and its regulation mechanisms are least understood due to Ca(v)2.3's resistance to most pharmacological agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to study regulation and surface expression of Ca(v)2.3, a yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screen with the II-III loop of human Ca(v)2.3 as bait, was performed. APLP1, a member of the APP gene family and Rab5A, an endocytotic catalyst were identified as putative interaction partners. The interaction were confirmed by immunoprecipitation. To study the functional importance of the interaction, patch-clamp recordings in Ca(v)2.3 stably transfected HEK-293 cells (2C6) and surface biotin endocytosis assays were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We are able to show that the II-III loop of the Ca(v)2.3 calcium channel binds APLP1 and that this binding promotes internalization of the channel. In addition, Rab5A also binds to the same loop of the channel and exerts an inhibitory effect on APLP1 mediated channel internalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies a regulation mechanism of Ca(v)2.3's surface expression, which implicates APLP1 as a regulator of calcium homeostasis. Thus APLP1 may play a crucial role in neuropathological mechanisms, which involve modulation of surface expression of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 39, Cologne, Germany. radhakrk@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Kayalvizhi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Maxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dibué
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hescheler
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001710:Biotin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020908:Calcium Channels, R-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014162:Transfection; D020696:rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C489697:APLP1 protein, human; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; C423009:CACNA1E protein, human; D020908:Calcium Channels, R-Type; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D001710:Biotin; D020696:rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins