title: Advancing paternal age and simplex autism.
abstract: De novo events appear more common in female and simplex autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases and may underlie greater ASD risk in older fathers' offspring. This study examined whether advancing paternal age predicts an increase in simplex (n = 90) versus multiplex ASD cases (n = 587) in 677 participants (340 families). Whether or not controlling for maternal age, results support a significant interaction of linear paternal age and sex of the child on simplex family type. Female ASD cases were significantly more likely to be simplex as paternal age increased, but the increase for males was not significant. Findings suggest that ASD arising from non-familial, de novo events may be far less prominent in males than in females, even if more prevalent in males, due to the substantially larger number of male cases attributable to other, more strongly male-biased risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pshychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. connor.puleo@temple.edu
authors.forename: Connor Morrow
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Puleo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmeidler
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reichenberg
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolevzon
authors.forename: Latha V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Soorya
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Buxbaum
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D010331:Paternal Age; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D035781:Siblings; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics