title: To determine the end point of wet granulation by measuring powder energies and thermal properties.
abstract: Wet granulation has been widely used in pharmaceutical industry as a tablet manufacturing process. However, end-point determination of wet granulation process has always remained a challenge. Many traditional methods are available for end-point determination, yet accuracy and reproducibility still remain a challenge. Microcrystalline cellulose, widely used as an excipient in pharmaceutical industry, was granulated using water. Wet mass was passed through sieve # 12 and dried till constant percentage loss on drying was obtained and dried granules were obtained. Wet and dried granules collected were subjected to basic flow energy, specific energy, bulk density, pressure drop, differential scanning calorimetry and effusivity measurements. Analysis of data revealed various stages of granule growth from initial seed formation by adding 200-400 g of water, granule growth was observed by adding 600-800 g of water and over wetting was observed at 1155 g of water. In this work, we have justified our work to properly identify and utilize this technique for practical purpose to correctly identify the end-point determination of microcrystalline cellulose and explain various principles underlying energies associated with powder and thermal measurements.
authors.affiliation: Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Long Island University , Brooklyn, NY, USA. rutesh.dave@liu.edu
authors.forename: Rutesh H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Labdhi D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Contractor
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D013607:Tablets; D014867:Water; D002482:Cellulose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose