title: Circulating soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and clinical cardiovascular disease. We investigated the relationship of subclinical atherosclerosis with sICAM-1 concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  sICAM-1 concentration was assayed at year 15 of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (black and white men and women, average age 40 years). We assessed progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) through year 20 (n = 2378), and both carotid artery stenosis (n = 2432) and intima-media thickness (IMT) at year 20 (n = 2240).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median sICAM-1 was 145.9 μg/L. Among a subgroup with advanced atherosclerotic plaque (either CAC or stenosis), IMT was 0.010 (95% CI 0.003-0.017 mm) higher per SD of sICAM-1 (44 μg/L) in a model adjusted for age, race, sex, clinic, smoking, exercise, body size, education, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, plasma lipids, and cholesterol-lowering medication. With the same adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) for the presence of year-20 carotid artery stenosis per SD of sICAM-1 was 1.12 (95% CI 1.01-1.25, P < 0.04), whereas for occurrence of CAC progression the OR was 1.16 (1.04-1.31, P < 0.01). The associations with CAC and carotid stenosis were strongest in the top 20th of the sICAM-1 distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sICAM-1 concentration may be an early biomarker that indicates changes in the artery wall that accompany atherosclerosis, as well as the presence of advanced plaque in the coronary and carotid arteries. This finding holds in people with low total burden of atherosclerosis, decades before the development of clinical CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. gross001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Myron D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Suzette J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bielinski
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Suarez-Lopez
authors.forename: Alex P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thyagarajan
authors.forename: J Jeffrey
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Duprez
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012995:Solubility; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1