title: Number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and intratumoral microvessel density in non-small cell lung cancer patients: differences in angiogenic status between adenocarcinoma histologic subtypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor progression. This study examined the association between the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) (both of which may be markers for neovascularization), and lung cancer histological types, particularly adenocarcinoma histological subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 83 stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients underwent complete tumor resection between November 2009 and July 2010. The number of EPCs from the pulmonary artery of the resected lungs was measured by assaying CD34/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 positive cells, and the MVD was assessed immunohistochemically in tumor specimens by staining for CD34.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant correlation between the number of EPCs from pulmonary artery and intratumoral MVD was found (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in the number of EPCs and the MVD were observed between the adenocarcinomas and the squamous cell carcinomas. Among the adenocarcinoma histological subtypes, a higher number of EPCs and MVD were found significantly more frequently in solid adenocarcinomas than in nonsolid adenocarcinomas (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). In addition, solid adenocarcinomas showed higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the tumor tissue samples than in the nonsolid adenocarcinomas (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher number of circulating EPCs and the MVD of solid adenocarcinoma may indicate the presence of differences in the tumor angiogenic status between early-stage adenocarcinoma histological subtypes. Among adenocarcinoma patients, patients with solid adenocarcinoma may be the best candidates for antiangiogenic therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Genichiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hishida
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D055806:Microvessels; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011379:Prognosis; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger