title: Quantitative analysis of urea in human urine and serum by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance.
abstract: A convenient and fast method for quantifying urea in biofluids is demonstrated using NMR analysis and the solvent water signal as a concentration reference. The urea concentration can be accurately determined with errors less than 3% between 1 mM and 50 mM, and less than 2% above 50 mM in urine and serum. The method is promising for various applications with advantages of simplicity, high accuracy, and fast non-destructive detection. With an ability to measure other metabolites simultaneously, this NMR method is also likely to find applications in metabolic profiling and system biology.
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huaping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Siwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raftery
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014508:Urea