title: Obstructive sleep apnea and kidney disease: is there any direct link?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common and underrecognized disorder affecting at least 2% and 4% of women and men, respectively. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), on the other hand, affects around 13% of US adults. Both of these conditions share some risk factors such as age, obesity, and smoking and are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. By itself OSA may play a role in the development of arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia with potential impact on CKD development and/or progression. But the data regarding OSA and CKD are relatively scant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moreover, several studies had shown possible harmful effects on kidney function independent from conventional risk factors. CKD is associated with excessive fluid volume, with potential shift during recumbency towards the neck area with increased upper airway resistance. Thus, OSA and CKD may be the results of each other and when present together may impose much greater cardiovascular risk than either disease alone.
authors.affiliation: Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek, 720020, Kyrgyzstan. amirrakhimov1@gmail.com
authors.forename: Aibek E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mirrakhimov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic