title: Evaluation of uptake and transport of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by human brain-derived endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO-NPs) are under development for imaging and drug delivery; however, their interaction with human blood-brain barrier models is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  The uptake, reactive oxygen species production and transport of USPIO-NPs across human brain-derived endothelial cells as models of the blood-brain tumor barrier were evaluated for either uncoated, oleic acid-coated or polyvinylamine-coated USPIO-NPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reactive oxygen species production was observed for oleic acid-coated and polyvinylamine-coated USPIO-NPs. The uptake and intracellular localization of the iron oxide core of the USPIO-NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. However, while the uptake of these USPIO-NPs by cells was observed, they were neither released by nor transported across these cells even in the presence of an external dynamic magnetic field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  USPIO-NP-loaded filopodia were observed to invade the polyester membrane, suggesting that they can be transported by migrating angiogenic brain-derived endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Blanka Halamoda
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kenzaoui
authors.forename: Catherine Chapuis
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Lucienne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Juillerat-Jeanneret
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000528:radiation effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011145:Polyvinyls; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; C534904:polyvinylamine; D019301:Oleic Acid