title: Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Piper caninum Blume.
abstract: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the fresh leaves and stems oils of Piper caninum were investigated. A total of forty eight constituents were identified in the leaves (77.9%) and stems (87.0%) oil which were characterized by high proportions of phenylpropanoid, safrole with 17.1% for leaves and 25.5% for stems oil. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by using β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, DPPH radical scavenging and total phenolic content. Stems oil showed the highest inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation (114.9 ± 0.9%), compared to BHT (95.5 ± 0.5%), while leaves oil showed significant total phenolic content (27.4 ± 0.5 mg GA/g) equivalent to gallic acid. However, the essential oils showed weak activity towards DPPH free-radical scavenging. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity revealed that both oils exhibited strong activity against all bacteria strains with MIC values in the range 62.5 to 250 μg/mL, but weak activity against fungal strains. These findings suggest that the essential oils can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for therapeutic, nutraceutical industries and food manufactures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia; E-Mails:  nuzoule208@yahoo.com  (W.M.N.H.W.S.);  hasnah@kimia.fs.utm.my  (H.M.S.).
authors.forename: Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.forename: Farediah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Khong Heng
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Hasnah Mohd
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sirat
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012451:Safrole / Q000032:analysis; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane / Q000032:analysis; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; D019207:beta Carotene; C010789:beta-pinene; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C024714:caryophyllene; D012451:Safrole; C027259:germacrene D