title: Posterior vertebral arch cement augmentation (spinoplasty) to prevent fracture of spinous processes after interspinous spacer implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interspinous spacers are implanted to treat symptomatic lumbar stenosis. Posterior vertebral element fractures can occur during or after interspinous spacer implants, especially in patients with osteopenia. The purpose of our study was to assess the biomechanical rationale, safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of posterior vertebral arch cement augmentation (spinoplasty) in preventing delayed spinous process fractures after interspinous spacer implants in patients with risk factors for fragility fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a nonrandomized historically controlled clinical trial. From June 2007 to March 2010, we implanted interspinous spacers in 35 eligible patients with fragility-fracture risk factors. In 19/35 patients treated after April 2009, after we assessed the theoretic biomechanical effects of cement augmentation of the spinous process and laminae by FEM, a percutaneous spinoplasty was also performed. Clinical and radiologic follow-up ranged between 12 and 36 months after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No intraprocedural spinous process fractures were observed in either group, and no patients in the 24-hour postoperative period had complications that were procedure-related. Symptomatic delayed spinous process fractures were diagnosed in 4/16 patients who did not undergo spinoplasty (25.0%), while no fractures were diagnosed in the 19 treated patients (P = .035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spinoplasty is feasible and safe. It has a biomechanical rationale, as demonstrated by an FEM. In our preliminary experience, it seems effective in preventing delayed fractures of the posterior arch post-interspinous spacer placement in patients at risk for fragility fractures. These patients have a significant risk of developing a symptomatic delayed spinous process fracture if not treated with spinoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy. bbonaldi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonaldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marrocu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cianfoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003198:Computer Simulation; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011859:Radiography; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements