title: Rapid and green analytical method for the determination of quinoline alkaloids from Cinchona succirubra based on Microwave-Integrated Extraction and Leaching (MIEL) prior to high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Quinas contains several compounds, such as quinoline alkaloids, principally quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cichonidine. Identified from barks of Cinchona, quinine is still commonly used to treat human malaria. Microwave-Integrated Extraction and Leaching (MIEL) is proposed for the extraction of quinoline alkaloids from bark of Cinchona succirubra. The process is performed in four steps, which ensures complete, rapid and accurate extraction of the samples. Optimal conditions for extraction were obtained using a response surface methodology reached from a central composite design. The MIEL extraction has been compared with a conventional technique soxhlet extraction. The extracts of quinoline alkaloids from C. succirubra obtained by these two different methods were compared by HPLC. The extracts obtained by MIEL in 32 min were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine) similar to those obtained by conventional Soxhlet extraction in 3 hours. MIEL is a green technology that serves as a good alternative for the extraction of Cinchona alkaloids.
authors.affiliation: UMR 408 INRA, Safety and Quality of Plant Products, University of Avignon, 84000 Avignon, France; E-Mails:  emmanuel.petitcolas@univ-avignon.fr  (E.P.);  farid.chemat@univ-avignon.fr  (F.C.).
authors.forename: Anne-Sylvie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fabiano-Tixier
authors.forename: Abdelhakim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elomri
authors.forename: Axelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanckaert
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petitcolas
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chemat
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002929:Cinchona / Q000737:chemistry*; D002930:Cinchona Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D008872:Microwaves; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D011802:Quinidine / Q000032:analysis; D011803:Quinine / Q000032:analysis; D011804:Quinolines / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002930:Cinchona Alkaloids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011804:Quinolines; C041622:cinchonidine; D011803:Quinine; C037219:quinoline; D011802:Quinidine; C010086:cinchonine