title: Comparative effects of short-term and long-term insulin-induced hypoglycemia on glucose production in the perfused livers of weaned rats.
abstract: The liver glucose production (LGP) levels of 15-h overnight fasted weaned rats submitted to short-term insulin-induced hypoglycemia (ST-IIH) and long-term IIH (LT-IIH) were compared. Experiments to characterize ST-IIH or LT-IIH that followed an intraperitoneal (ip) injection (1.0 U/kg) of regular (ST-IIH) or insulin detemir (LT-IIH) were performed and glycemia were measured 0 (normoglycemic control), 0.5 h (ST-IIH), 4 h and 6 h (LT-IIH) later. The values of glycemia (mg/dl) were 77.8 ±l 7.2 (normoglycemic control), 26.2 ±l 6.1 (ST IIH 0.5 h), 21.2 ±l 7.6 (LT-IIH 4 h) and 35.3 ±l 14.5 (LT-IIH 6.0). The LGP levels were measured in the rats submitted to ST-IIH (0.5 h) and LT-IIH (4 h or 6 h). The rats that received ip saline were used as the normoglycemic control group (COG). The livers from the COG and IIH groups (ST-IIH or LT-IIH) were perfused in situ with infusion of L-alanine (5 mM), L-glutamine (10 mM), glutamine dipeptide (5 mM), L-lactate (2 mM) or glycerol (2 mM). The ST-IIH rats showed a higher LGP level than COG group following the L-glutamine infusion (p < 0.05), but the LGP levels that were measured following the L-lactate, L-alanine, glutamine dipeptide (5 mM), L-lactate (2 mM) or glycerol infusion remained unchanged. Moreover, if the period of IIH was expanded to 4 h following insulin injection, the LGP levels induced by L-alanine, glutamine dipeptide or glycerol infusion also increased (p < 0.05, LT-IIH vs. COG). However, the LGP from the L-lactate infusion remained unchanged until 6 h after insulin injection. In conclusion, these results suggest that the intensification of liver gluconeogenesis during ST-IIH and LT-IIH in weaned rats is not a synchronous "all or nothing" process; instead, this process integrated in a temporal manner and is specific for each gluconeogenic substrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, UNIPAR, 87706-490, Paranavaí, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Romir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Kassia P S
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Felisberto-Junior
authors.forename: Helenton C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Barrena
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Roberto B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bazotte
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D005973:Glutamine; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine; D005990:Glycerol