title: Evaluation of residual antimicrobial effects and surface changes of gutta-percha disinfected with different solutions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the possible residual antibacterial effects and possible surface changes caused by 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and 0.05% Octenisept on in vitro gutta-percha points after different disinfection protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 121 standard # 40, 0.2% gutta-percha cones were cut 10 mm from the tip, sterilized with ethylene oxide. The samples were divided into five groups, and each group was divided into three subgroups according to immersion periods of gutta-percha cones into solutions. One gutta-percha cone from each group was selected for SEM evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the tested solutions were effective on the selected microorganisms when compared with the control solution. No surface alterations were detected on the gutta-percha cones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the limits of this study, immersion of gutta-percha into 2% CHX for one minute was found the most effective method to eliminate the selected microorganisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although gutta-percha points are aseptic in their package, once opened and used, gutta-percha cones may be contaminated. In order to eliminate bacteria and not to cause surface changes on gutta-percha cones, disinfection solution must be selected carefully.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Dental Sciences Center, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sahinkesen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Er
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Koçak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiliç
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D004347:Drug Interactions; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007097:Imines; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D007097:Imines; D011725:Pyridines; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C034213:octenidine; D002710:Chlorhexidine