title: Single-site robotic cholecystectomy (SSRC) versus single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC): comparison of learning curves. First European experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is an emerging procedure developed to decrease parietal trauma and improve cosmetic results. However, many technical constraints, such as lack of triangulation, instrument collisions, and cross-handing, hamper this approach. Using a robotic platform may overcome these problems and enable more precise surgical actions by increasing freedom of movement and by restoring intuitive instrument control.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively collected, under institutional review board approval, data on the first 25 patients who underwent single-site robotic cholecystectomies (SSRC) at our center. Patients enrolled in this study underwent SSRC for symptomatic biliary gallstones or polyposis. Exclusion criteria were: BMI > 33; acute cholecystitis; previous upper abdominal surgery; ASA > II; and age >80 and <18 years. All procedures were performed with the da Vinci Si Surgical System and a dedicated SSRC kit (Intuitive). After discharge, patients were followed for 2 months. These SSRC cases were compared to our first 25 single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomies (SILC) and with the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in patient characteristics between groups (gender, P = 0.4404; age, P = 0.7423; BMI, P = 0.5699), and there were no conversions or major complications in either cohort. Operative time was significantly longer for the SILC group compared with SSRC (83.2 vs. 62.7 min, P = 0.0006), and SSRC operative times did not change significantly along the series. The majority of patients in each group were discharged within 24 h, with an average length of hospital stay of 1.2 days for the SILC group and 1.1 days for the SSRC group (P = 0.2854). No wound complications (infection, incisional hernia) were observed in the SSRC group and in the SILC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary experience shows that SSRC is safe, can easily be learned, and performed in a reproducible manner and is faster than SILC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SS Antonio e Biagio Hospital, 16 Via Venezia, 15121 Alessandria AL, Italy. gspinoglio@ospedale.al.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spinoglio
authors.forename: Luca Matteo
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lenti
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maglione
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Lucido
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Priora
authors.forename: Paolo Pietro
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grosso
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quarati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D059032:Learning Curve; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000193:education / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult