title: Associations of ultrasonographic features with scrotal pain after vasectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scrotal discomfort is a recognized complication of vasectomy, but the natural history and incidence of this problem are uncertain. The typical ultrasonographic changes after a vasectomy primarily include epididymal thickening and epididymal tubular ectasia with diminished blood flow in the epididymis. We prospectively studied the differences in the ultrasonographic features of the testis and epididymis between patients with and those without scrotal discomfort after vasectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively assessed pain scores in 178 men who underwent outpatient bilateral no-scalpel vasectomy at our institution between January 2009 and December 2010. At 2 months after vasectomy, we evaluated the postoperative scrotal pain questionnaire and scrotal ultrasonographic features for patients who returned for semen analysis. On the basis of the scrotal information, we investigated the potential relationships between scrotal pain or discomfort and scrotal ultrasonographic features of both testes and epididymides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the 114 men was 36.3 years (range, 29 to 53 years). group 1 (n=23), which reported scrotal pain or discomfort, showed no significant mean differences in the maximal diameter of the head of the epididymis when compared with group 2 (n=91), who had no scrotal pain or discomfort. Also, the width of the body of the epididymis between the two groups showed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences in ultrasonographic features according to the presence of chronic scrotal discomfort after vasectomy. Therefore, causes of scrotal pain other than obstruction may need to be considered after vasectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Seung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee