title: Effects of short- and long-term hypercholesterolemia on contrast-induced acute kidney injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of short- and long-term dietary hypercholesterolemia on contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were fed either a normal rodent diet (N) or high-cholesterol diet (H). At the end of 2 and 8 weeks, 8 rats from each diet group were given a tail vein injection of either iohexol (group NC and group HC) or vehicle (group N and group H). Blood lipids, renal function and renal hemodynamics were evaluated 1 day after contrast media administration. Renal and urinary prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Renal nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by the Griess reaction and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast media administration increased serum creatinine levels and induced severe renal tubular necrosis in rats fed the high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks but not in rats fed the normal diet or high-cholesterol diet for 2 weeks. The renal and urinary PGE(2) and TXB(2) levels increased significantly in rats in group H and group HC at the end of 8 weeks. Renal nitric oxide production decreased, and MDA levels increased markedly in group HC and group H at the end of 8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that long-term hypercholesterolemia appeared to be a risk factor for CI-AKI, which might be associated with disorders in intrarenal prostaglandins and abnormalities in renal nitric oxide system induced by lipid peroxidation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, China. dxyang0072003@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Dingwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dingping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Wenya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004573:Electrolytes; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012307:Risk Factors; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004573:Electrolytes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D002784:Cholesterol; D015232:Dinoprostone