title: Characterization of neutralizing antibodies in adults after intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza vaccine.
abstract: The levels and properties of neutralizing antibodies in nasal wash and serum collected from five healthy adults were examined after intranasal administration of an A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2) split vaccine (45 µg hemagglutinin (HA) per dose; five doses, with an interval of 3 weeks between each dose). Prior to the assays, nasal wash samples were concentrated so that the total amount of antibodies was equivalent to about 1/10 of that found in the natural nasal mucus. Vaccination induced virus-specific neutralizing antibody responses, which increased with the number of vaccine doses given. Neutralizing antibodies were produced more efficiently in the nasal passages than in the serum: A ≥4-fold increase in nasal neutralization titres was observed after the second vaccination in four out of five subjects, whereas a rise in serum neutralization titres was observed only after the fifth vaccination. Nasal and serum neutralizing antibodies were mainly found in the polymeric IgA and monomeric IgG fractions, respectively, after gel filtration. Taken together, these results suggest that intranasal administration of an inactivated split vaccine induces high levels of nasal neutralizing antibodies (primarily polymeric IgA) and low levels of serum neutralizing antibodies (primarily monomeric IgG).
authors.affiliation: Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ainai
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Tadaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Toyokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odagiri
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Tetsutaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines