title: Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate association of tobacco abuse with oral submucous fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Development of a reliable questionnaire to quantify habit of substance abuse with development of oral submucous fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire, substance abuse and precancer evaluation (SAPE) tool, was designed to assess the association of the habit of substance abuse with development of oral submucous fibrosis, a precancerous condition and various physical, social, psychological factors. Health professionals confirmed the content validity. Face validity was established by a participant focus group. The questionnaire was applied to 1100 participants with or without habit of substance abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 52 validated items were applied to the participants. Principal component analysis yielded 8 components having eigenvalues ≥2.0. Reliability was obtained by Cronbach's α. The validity was measured by computing product-moment correlation coefficient between the diagnosis and the scores on the selected components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary reliability and validity of the SAPE tool has been demonstrated although more extensive testing is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India divyamehrotra@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.affiliation: Lucknow University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Girdhar Gopal
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Lucknow University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Akash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asthana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*