title: Prediction of cognitive abilities at the age of 5 years using developmental follow-up assessments at the age of 2 and 3 years in very preterm children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated prediction of separate cognitive abilities at the age of 5 years by cognitive development at the ages of both 2 and 3 years, and the agreement between these measurements, in very preterm children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm children (n=102; 44 males; 58 females) with a gestational age less than 30 weeks and/or birthweight less than 1000g were assessed at the ages of 2 and 3 years using the second edition of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, the Child Behaviour Checklist, and a neurological examination, and at the age of 5 years using the third edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive development at ages 2 and 3 years explained 44% and 57% respectively of full-scale intelligence at the age of 5 years. Adding psychomotor, neurological, and behavioural outcomes to the regression model could not or only marginally improve the prediction; adding perinatal and sociodemographic characteristics to the regression model increased the explained variance to 57% and 64% respectively. These percentages were comparable for verbal intelligence. Processing speed quotient and especially performance intelligence were predicted less accurately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all aspects of intelligence are predicted sufficiently by the Mental Development Index at ages 2 and 3 years. Follow-up of very preterm children until at least the age of 5 years is needed to distinguish between different aspects of cognitive development.
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Department, Emma's Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. E.S.Potharst@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Eva S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Potharst
authors.forename: Bregje A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Houtzager
authors.forename: Loekie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Sonderen
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tamminga
authors.forename: Joke H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Bob F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Last
authors.forename: Aleid G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van Wassenaer
mesh_terms: D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D047928:Premature Birth; D013223:Statistics as Topic