title: Eye symptoms in relatives of patients with primary adult-onset dystonia.
abstract: METHODS
  Using a validated questionnaire, we screened eye symptoms (burning sensation, grittiness, dry eye) in 333 first-degree relatives of 140 probands with different forms of primary adult-onset dystonia, 208 healthy subjects, and 293 patients with primary blepharospasm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of eye symptoms was similar in the relatives of focal dystonia patients and in healthy subjects (adjusted HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-1.7; P = .69), thus suggesting a common origin of eye symptoms in both groups. A higher rate was observed in blepharospasm patients (adjusted HR, 2; 95% CI, 1.4-2.9; P < .0001). Relatives of focal dystonia patients who developed blepharospasm were more likely to have preceding eye symptoms than were relatives who developed focal dystonia other than blepharospasm (BSP) or relatives who did not develop dystonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eye symptoms reported by relatives of patients with focal dystonia probably result from eye diseases and are not part of the clinical spectrum of blepharospasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Motor Sciences, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy. gdefazio@neurol.uniba.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Defazio
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Maria Stella
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aniello
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Fede
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girlanda
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liguori
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marinelli
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tinazzi
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berardelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000209:etiology*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000150:complications*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models