title: Gestational diabetes: maternal weight gain in relation to fetal growth, treatment modality, BMI and glycemic control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the impact of maternal weight gain on fetal growth in gestational diabetes (GDM) in relation to treatment modality, body mass index (BMI) and glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand four hundred fifty-four GDMs were evaluated. Obesity was defined as BMI >29; good glycemic control ≤ 100 mg/dl; maternal age < and >30 years; parity ± 1; large for gestational age (LGA) >90th percentile and small for gestational age (SGA) <10th percentile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SGA rates were similar in all groups. Obese/overweight diet-treated women in glycemic control showed a four-fold higher rate of LGA compared to insulin-treated women. A 36-lb weight gain in insulin-treated patients had a six-fold higher risk. In poor glycemic control, LGA rates were higher in all BMI/weight gain categories. Logistic regressions for LGA/SGA revealed that level of glycemia, weight gain, parity, obesity and treatment (for LGA only) were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different thresholds used for different maternal BMI categories in addition to the achievement of glycemic control and pharmacological therapy will enhance pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Atlantic Maternal Fetal Medicine, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA. Orli_langer@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Orli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Most
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D033261:Maternal-Fetal Relations / Q000502:physiology*; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin