title: MicroRNA expression characterizes oligometastasis(es).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer staging and treatment presumes a division into localized or metastatic disease. We proposed an intermediate state defined by ≤ 5 cumulative metastasis(es), termed oligometastases. In contrast to widespread polymetastases, oligometastatic patients may benefit from metastasis-directed local treatments. However, many patients who initially present with oligometastases progress to polymetastases. Predictors of progression could improve patient selection for metastasis-directed therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we identified patterns of microRNA expression of tumor samples from oligometastatic patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who failed to develop polymetastases are characterized by unique prioritized features of a microRNA classifier that includes the microRNA-200 family. We created an oligometastatic-polymetastatic xenograft model in which the patient-derived microRNAs discriminated between the two metastatic outcomes. MicroRNA-200c enhancement in an oligometastatic cell line resulted in polymetastatic progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate a biological basis for oligometastases and a potential for using microRNA expression to identify patients most likely to remain oligometastatic after metastasis-directed treatment.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America. ylussier@uic.edu
authors.forename: Yves A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lussier
authors.forename: H Rosie
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: Nikolai N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Khodarev
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qingbei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sajid A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Xinan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hasselle
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Darga
authors.forename: Renuka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Hanli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perakis
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippo
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Corbin
authors.forename: Younghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mitchell C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chmura
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellman
authors.forename: Ralph R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Weichselbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs