title: Physical activity and energy expenditure in haemodialysis patients: an international survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure is relevant to the care of maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate measurements of physical activity and energy expenditure in MHD patients from different centres and countries and explored the predictors of physical activity in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional multicentre study, 134 MHD patients from four countries (France, Switzerland, Sweden and Brazil) were included. The physical activity was evaluated for 5.0 ± 1.4 days (mean ± SD) by a multisensory device (SenseWear Armband) and comprised the assessment of number of steps per day, activity-related energy expenditure (activity-related EE) and physical activity level (PAL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of steps per day, activity-related EE and PAL from the MHD patients were compatible with a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, all parameters were significantly lower in dialysis days when compared to non-dialysis days (P < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that diabetes and higher body mass index (BMI) predicted a lower PAL and older age and diabetes predicted a reduced number of steps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physical activity parameters of MHD patients were compatible with a sedentary lifestyle. This inactivity was worsened by aging, diabetes and higher BMI. Our results indicate that MHD patients should be encouraged by the health care team to increase their physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Avesani
authors.forename: Stanislas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trolonge
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deléaval
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baria
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mafra
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faxén-Irving
authors.forename: Phillipe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chauveau
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teta
authors.forename: Maria Ayako
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuppari
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heimbürger
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fouque
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis