title: Biotransformation of germacranolide from Onopordon leptolepies by Aspergillus niger.
abstract: Terpenes are present in the essential oils obtained from herbs and spices. They are produced by these plant species as a chemical defense mechanism against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, terpenes have attracted great attention in the food industry, e.g., they have been used in foods such as cheese as natural preservatives to prevent fungal growth. Herein, we describe the microbial transformation of onopordopicrin (1) by Aspergillus niger. Four product 11α H-dihydroonopordopicrin (2), 11β H-dihydroonopordopicrin (3), 3β-hydroxy-11β H-dihydroonopordopicrin (4), and 14-hydroxy-11β H-dihydroonopordopicrin (5) were obtained. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. All the four compounds were novel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moazami
authors.forename: Abdolhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rustaiyan
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D031183:Onopordum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007783:Lactones; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; C432449:germacranolide; C075494:onopordopicrin