title: Antibacterial activity of reactive quaternary ammonium compounds in solution and in nonleachable coatings.
abstract: Antibacterial polymers suitable for coating applications without leaching of the biocidal component have been obtained by UV copolymerization of acrylic resins with acrylic monomers containing quaternary ammonium moieties. Suitable reactive biocides, based on quaternary ammonium monomers  (QAMs), endowed with undecylacryloyl group and alkyl chains with 2 (QAM-C2), 8 (QAM-C8), and 16 (QAM-C16) carbon atoms have been synthesized. Aqueous solutions of QAMs showed biocidal activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes strains  both in suspension and adhered to stainless steel surfaces. QAM-C16 and QAM-C8 evidenced higher activity toward bacteria in suspension and on stainless steel, respectively. The QAMs have shown sufficient reactivity to be copolymerized, by UV irradiation, with a commercial urethane acrylic  resin for coating. Bioactivity tests, performed on free films of crosslinked coatings containing 1% of copolymerized QAM, have shown an increasing inactivation effect in the order of magnitude L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus with a maximum activity of the QAM-C8.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy. giuseppe.gozzelino@polito.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gozzelino
authors.forename: D E Romero
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Tobar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaitiemwong
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hazeleger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beumer
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005511:Food Handling; D005519:Food Preservation; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011108:Polymers; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012996:Solutions; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D011108:Polymers; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012996:Solutions; D013193:Stainless Steel