title: Assessment of "non-recordable" electroretinograms by 9 Hz flicker stimulation under scotopic conditions.
abstract: To refine methods of electroretinographical (ERG) recording for the analysis of low retinal potentials under scotopic conditions in advanced retinal degenerative diseases. Standard Ganzfeld ERG equipment (Diagnosys LLC, Cambridge, UK) was used in 27 healthy volunteers (mean age 28 ± SD 8.5 years) to define the stimulation protocol. The protocol was then applied in clinical routine and 992 recordings were obtained from patients (mean age 40.6 ± 18.3 years) over a period of 5 years. A blue stimulus with a flicker frequency of 9 Hz was specified under scotopic conditions to preferentially record rod-driven responses. A range of stimulus strengths (0.0000012-6.32 scot. cd s/m² and 6-14 ms flash duration) was tested for maximal amplitudes and interference between rods and cones. Analysis of results was done by standard Fourier Transformation and assessment of signal-to-noise ratio. Optimized stimulus parameters were found to be a time-integrated luminance of 0.012 scot. cd s/m² using a blue (470 nm) flash of 10 ms duration at a repetition frequency of 9 Hz. Characteristic stimulus strength versus amplitude curves and tests with stimuli of red or green wavelength suggest a predominant rod-system response. The 9 Hz response was found statistically distinguishable from noise in 38% of patients with otherwise non-recordable rod responses according to International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision standards. Thus, we believe this protocol can be used to record ERG potentials in patients with advanced retinal diseases and in the evaluation of potential treatments for these patients. The ease of implementation in clinical routine and of statistical evaluation providing an observer-independent evaluation may further facilitate its employment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 12-16, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. schatzweb@gmail.com
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gekeler
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Messias
authors.forename: Eberhart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zrenner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*