title: Periodontal disease is not associated with preeclampsia in Canadian pregnant women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The findings from the studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia are inconsistent. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Quebec, Canada. Preeclampsia was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg and ≥1+ proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of ≥4 sites with a probing depth ≥5 mm and a clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm at the same sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 92 preeclamptic women and 245 controls were analyzed. The percentage of periodontal disease was 18.5% in preeclamptic women and 19.2% in normotensive women (crude odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52 to 1.77). After adjusting for confounding variables, periodontitis remained not associated with preeclampsia (adjusted OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.59 to 2.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study does not support the hypothesis of an association between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Nawel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taghzouti
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Mervyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gornitsky
authors.forename: Fatiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandad
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voyer
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leduc
authors.forename: Hairong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Togas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tulandi
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sénécal
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Velly
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology