title: Structural characterization and antioxidative activity of low-molecular-weights beta-1,3-glucan from the residue of extracted Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.
abstract: The major cell wall constituent of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is β-1,3-glucan. This study examined the polysaccharide from the residues of alkaline-extracted fruiting bodies using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), and it employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) to confirm the structures. We have successfully isolated low-molecular-weight β-1,3-glucan (LMG), in high yields, from the waste residue of extracted fruiting bodies of G. lucidum. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay evaluated the capability of LMG to suppress H₂O₂-induced cell death in RAW264.7 cells, identifying that LMG protected cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. LMG treatment decreased H₂O₂-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. LMG also influenced sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity, stimulated by cell death to induce ceramide formation, and then increase cell ROS production. Estimation of the activities of neutral and acid SMases in vitro showed that LMG suppressed the activities of both neutral and acid SMases in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that LMG, a water-soluble β-1,3-glucan recycled from extracted residue of G. lucidum, possesses antioxidant capability against H₂O₂-induced cell death by attenuating intracellular ROS and inhibiting SMase activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Wan Fang Hospital, 111 Hsing-Long Road, Section 3, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pai-Feng
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Shwu-Huey
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Yu-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Chun-Mao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry*; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D047071:beta-Glucans; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase