title: Circulating monocytes mirror the imbalance in TF and TFPI expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaques with lipid-rich and calcified morphology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque largely depends on plaque morphology and their content of tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). The relationship between morphological composition of plaque (lipid-rich or calcified) and expression of TF and TFPI in circulating blood monocytes and within the plaques is not characterized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether lipid-rich (echolucent) or calcified (echogenic) morphology of carotid atherosclerotic plaques is associated with differences in TF and TFPI expression in circulating blood monocytes and within carotid atherosclerotic plaques.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied levels of monocyte TF and TFPI mRNA and protein expression and association with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis in asymptomatic subjects with echolucent (n=20) or echogenic (n=20) carotid plaques, or controls without carotid atherosclerosis (n=20) determined by ultrasonography. Sections of calcified or lipid-rich carotid plaques obtained from symptomatic patients were assessed for TF and TFPI antigen expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TF and TFPI surface presentation, surface TF/TFPI ratio, and TF activity were higher in monocytes obtained from subjects with echolucent than with echogenic plaques or controls without carotid atherosclerosis. Multiple regression analyses revealed inverse association between serum apoA1 and monocyte surface TF antigen expression (p=0.007), and positive association between serum apoB and monocyte surface TFPI expression (p=0.028). Sections from lipid-rich carotid plaques contained 2.5-fold more TF and 1.5-fold more TFPI antigens relative to calcified lesions, also yielding a higher TF/TFPI ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that circulating monocytes of asymptomatic individuals with echolucent lipid-rich carotid atherosclerosis express an imbalance between TF and TFPI expression cohering with changes found within advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from symptomatic patients.
authors.affiliation: Hematological Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Manjunath Goolyam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Basavaraj
authors.forename: Mikhail A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sovershaev
authors.forename: Elena M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Egorina
authors.forename: Franz X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Vladimir Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Bogdanov
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Østerud
authors.forename: Ellisiv B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.forename: John-Bjarne
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D013925:Thromboplastin