title: Association of 2238T>C polymorphism of the atrial natriuretic peptide gene with coronary artery disease in Afro-Caribbeans with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is known mainly for its effects on kidney function and blood pressure homeostasis. We investigated the association between two ANP polymorphisms and pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients of African descent with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional and retrospective study of 218 volunteer Afro-Caribbean patients with T2D. Two polymorphisms (rs5064, 708C>T; and rs5065, 2238T>C) of ANP were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. ANCOVA, χ2-test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among these patients (92 men; 128 women), 67 (30.7%) had CAD, of whom 75% had had myocardial infarction. The frequency of rs5065-C carriers (TC/CC) was significantly lower in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (24 vs. 41%, P = 0.01). The frequency of hypertension did not differ significantly according to genotype. Univariate logistic regression revealed that male sex, age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and rs5065-C carrier status were associated significantly with CAD. After adjustment for the variables of interest, the odds ratio (ORs) of CAD for rs5065-C carriers (TC/CC) was 0.50 (0.26-0.96; P = 0.038). No association was found between the rs5064 (708C>T) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and pre-existing CAD or cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ANP rs5065 (2238T>C) C allele seems to exert a protective effect against CAD in T2D patients of African descent. The relevance of ANP polymorphisms for CAD should be determined in different populations.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larifla
authors.forename: Suriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maimaitiming
authors.forename: Fritz-Line
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Velayoudom-Cephise
authors.forename: Severine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferdinand
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanchet-Deverly
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benabdallah
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donnet
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atallah
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foucan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014900:West Indies
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor