title: Callose biosynthesis regulates symplastic trafficking during root development.
abstract: Plant cells are connected through plasmodesmata (PD), membrane-lined channels that allow symplastic movement of molecules between cells. However, little is known about the role of PD-mediated signaling during plant morphogenesis. Here, we describe an Arabidopsis gene, CALS3/GSL12. Gain-of-function mutations in CALS3 result in increased accumulation of callose (β-1,3-glucan) at the PD, a decrease in PD aperture, defects in root development, and reduced intercellular trafficking. Enhancement of CALS3 expression during phloem development suppressed loss-of-function mutations in the phloem abundant callose synthase, CALS7 indicating that CALS3 is a bona fide callose synthase. CALS3 alleles allowed us to spatially and temporally control the PD aperture between plant tissues. Using this tool, we are able to show that movement of the transcription factor SHORT-ROOT and microRNA165 between the stele and the endodermis is PD dependent. Taken together, we conclude that regulated callose biosynthesis at PD is essential for cell signaling.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology/Department of Bio and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vatén
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dettmer
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: York-Dieter
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Stierhof
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyashima
authors.forename: Shri Ram
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Christina J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campilho
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bulone
authors.forename: Raffael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lichtenberger
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehesranta
authors.forename: Ari Pekka
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mähönen
authors.forename: Jae-Yean
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokitalo
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scheres
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Annelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlsbecker
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Ykä
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Helariutta
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005936:Glucans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005936:Glucans; D035683:MicroRNAs; D018749:RNA, Plant; C410510:SHORT ROOT protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors; C048306:callose; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C020570:1,3-beta-glucan synthase