title: Freeze-fracture of infected plant leaves in ethanol for scanning electron microscopic study of fungal pathogens.
abstract: Fungi often are found within plant tissues where they cannot be visualized with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). We present a simple way to reveal cell interiors while avoiding many common causes of artifact. Freeze-fracture of leaf tissue using liquid nitrogen during the 100% ethanol step of the dehydration process just before critical point drying is useful in exposing intracellular fungi to the SEM.
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy Center, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA. jayma.moore@ndsu.edu
authors.forename: Jayma A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D000431:Ethanol; D005614:Freeze Fracturing / Q000379:methods*; D005658:Fungi / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol