title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as a predictor of acute rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation in rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) had been reported to correlate with immunomodulatory effects and the severity of acute rejection (AR) after liver transplantation. We sought to study the time course of IDO mRNA expression in peripheral blood to diagnose AR.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were divided into 4 groups each consisting of 32 rats: group A, isograft Sprague-Dawley (SD)-SD); group B, acute rejection model (SD-Wistar); group C, cyclosporine (CsA)-induced acceptance model (SD-Wistar rats treated with CsA, and group D, short-term CsA-treated model. The peripheral blood and liver tissue samples were obtained on the day of operation as well as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 days thereafter. We performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, pathologic studies, and serum tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups A and C showed low levels of IDO mRNA as well as normal values of aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (T-BIL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) without AR. Group B showed a dramatic rise in IDO mRNA on day 2 with increased AST, T-BIL, and ALP at day 4 and mild AR on day 5. Group D, showed dramatically up-regulated IDO mRNA on day 4 with significantly increased AST, T-BIL, and ALP day 5 and mild AR detected on day 7. The expression of IDO gene in peripheral blood tightly correlated with the severity of acute rejection (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the pathologic study detection of IDO mRNA in peripheral blood diagnosed AR in the rat model at an earlier stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. shxhwmz@126.com
authors.forename: M-Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Y-G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z-W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin