title: The landscape of knowledge translation interventions in cancer control: what do we know and where to next? A review of systematic reviews.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective implementation strategies are needed to optimize advancements in the fields of cancer diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, and end-of-life care. We conducted a review of systematic reviews to better understand the evidentiary base of implementation strategies in cancer control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using three databases, we conducted a search and identified English-language systematic reviews published between 2005 and 2010 that targeted consumer, professional, organizational, regulatory, or financial interventions, tested exclusively or partially in a cancer context (primary focus); generic or non-cancer-specific reviews were also considered. Data were extracted, appraised, and analyzed by members of the research team, and research ideas to advance the field were proposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four systematic reviews providing 41 summaries of evidence on 19 unique interventions comprised the evidence base. AMSTAR quality ratings ranged between 2 and 10. Team members rated most of the interventions as promising and in need of further research, and 64 research ideas were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While many interventions show promise of effectiveness in the cancer-control context, few reviews were able to conclude definitively in favor of or against a specific intervention. We discuss the complexity of implementation research and offer suggestions to advance the science in this area.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Department of Oncology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. mbrouwer@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Melissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Makarski
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daraz
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000592:standards*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D012107:Research Design; D017741:Survivors; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic; D013727:Terminal Care