title: Extent and severity of chronic periodontitis in chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTVE: Chronic inflammatory diseases have been investigated as a possible source of inflammation in chronic kidney disease patients; however, there is a shortage of information about the prevalence of periodontitis in such individuals. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the extent and severity of periodontitis in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing the following three different treatment modalities: predialysis; continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD); and hemodialysis (HD); and to compare the findings with those from systemically healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty CAPD patients (mean age 52±12 years), 40 HD patients (mean age 50±10 years), 51 predialysis patients (mean age 54±11 years) and 67 healthy individuals (mean age 50±7 years) were examined. The periodontal examination included probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing and presence of plaque. Patients with at least four sites with clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm were considered to have severe chronic periodontitis, and those with at least 30% of sites with clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm were considered to have generalized chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Predialysis and HD patients had significantly more sites with clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm than healthy individuals. The CAPD patients had similar periodontal condition to healthy subjects. There were significantly more cases of severe chronic periodontitis in predialysis and HD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predialysis and HD are associated with a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis compared with healthy individuals and CAPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: C M S
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Figueredo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bregman
authors.forename: J H R
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suassuna
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062072:Patient Acuity; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires