title: Pattern of hypertensive kidney disease in a black Kenyan population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertensive kidney disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Its pattern displays geographical and ethnic variations. Data on these patterns are important for informing management and prevention strategies, but on Kenyans such data are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  By means of a retrospective study at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, we aimed to describe the pattern of hypertensive kidney disease in a black Kenyan population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of hypertensive patients who had impaired kidney function between January 2000 and December 2010 were examined for mode of diagnosis, age, gender, comorbid factors, treatment and outcome. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16.0 for Windows, and are presented using tables and bar charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 114 cases (72 males, 42 females) were analyzed. The mean age was 42.7 years (range 12-83), peaking at 51-70 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Comorbid factors included left ventricular hypertrophy (21.1%), congestive heart failure (15.8%), alcohol (11.4%), cerebrovascular accidents, smoking and retinopathy (10.5% each). Multiple comorbid factors were present in 8.8% of the cases. The majority (52.6%) of the patients survived on hemodialysis, 8.8% underwent successful renal transplant and 22.8% died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertensive kidney disease affects all age groups, males more than females. It is commonly associated with other cardiovascular conditions and carries a high morbidity. Vigilant control of blood pressure is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Julius A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ogeng'o
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gatonga
authors.forename: Beda O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Olabu
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ongera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology*; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents