title: How is a box handled when all surfaces can be freely held?
abstract: In this study, we investigated how experienced and inexperienced subjects handle a box when it could be approached from any of its sides. Subjects moved a box (11 kg) either to a high (HS) or a low surface (LS). Wrist movements and grip force were synchronised and recorded, respectively, by electrogoniometers and an instrumented box. All subjects adopted a lateral-and-bottom grip, with parts of the hands simultaneously placed on the side and bottom of the box. This grip allowed the 50th percentile of wrist movements to be within safe limits, particularly in the sagittal plane. Low force was associated with lowering the box to LS and equally distributed but greater force when lifting to HS. Larger ulnar deviation was recorded when the box was lifted to HS. Only peak of wrist extension differentiated experienced from inexperienced subjects, with experienced presenting larger wrist extension. Alternative box designs are suggested to improve handling in real settings.
  Understanding worker preferences for box lifting behaviour can contribute to the development of new designs that facilitate the adoption of more efficient postures while reducing the risk of upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders and promoting safer manual material handling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil. biaoliveira@ufscar.br
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: L C C B
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: E S L
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pálinkás
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.forename: H J C G
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Coury
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006804:Ergonomics; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014955:Wrist Joint; D055815:Young Adult