title: High-sensitivity determination of curcumin in human urine using gemini zwitterionic surfactant as a probe by resonance light scattering technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Curcumin is a popular plant medicine that is extracted from turmeric dry rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn. The study of curcumin is well established and is currently becoming a centre of attention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a steady and simple assay for curcumin determination at the nanogram level based on the intense resonance light scattering (RLS) enhancement due to the interaction between curcumin and phosphodiesters quaternary ammonium salt (PQAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  PQAS, a new kind of Gemini zwitterionic surfactant, was used as the probe for the determination of curcumin by the RLS technique. A series of validation experiments was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A linear relationship was constructed between the ΔI(RLS) and the concentration of curcumin. The linear regression equation was presented as ΔI(RLS)  = 8.37 + 44.92c (µg/mL) with the regression coefficient r = 0.9987 (n = 12) and the linear range was 0.08-60.0 µg/mL. The detection limit (3σ) was 2.6 ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method can be used to detect the content of curcumin in human urine samples and this new assay using PQAS as a probe was more sensitive and displayed a wider linear range than that reported previously.
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shengwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jinbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guomin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhanguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010316:Particle Size; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000379:methods*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D003474:Curcumin