title: A novel lily-of-the-valley fragrance contrast agent for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Detection of prostate carcinoma metastases is currently performed either via indirect tests like the prostate specific antigen (PSA) or prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) or by biopsies from masses found with medical imaging methods. Our goal was to use an ectopic odorant receptor to target prostate-derived cells throughout the body for imaging by magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. We synthesized a conjugate containing undecylic aldehyde (an antagonist of the human olfactory receptor hOR17-4), gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (a common magnetic resonance contrast agent) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (a fluorescent dye). Two different prostate cancer cell lines as well as five other different malignant cell lines and healthy prostate epithelial cells were incubated with this conjugate and evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The prostate- derived healthy and malignant cells showed stronger fluorescence than the non-prostate cancer cell lines in the flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments. In the magnetic resonance imaging experiments the T1 relaxation time reduction (higher signal intensity) was also stronger for the prostate-derived cells than for the non-prostate cells. The examined conjugate showed high prostate-cell-specificity. This property makes it of potential value in the diagnosis of prostate cancer lymph node metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Tubingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076 Tubingen, Germany. alexsturzu@yahoo.de
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sturzu
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Echner
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: Sumbla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagele
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwentner
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ernemann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heckl
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes