title: Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in infant and young children in Bangladesh: secondary data analysis of Demographic Health Survey 2007.
abstract: Suboptimal and inappropriate complementary feeding practices are one of the major causes of child undernutrition in the first 2 years of life in South Asian countries including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to use the newly developed World Health Organization infant feeding indicators to identify the potential risk factors associated with inappropriate complementary feeding practices. We used data for 1728 children aged 6-23 months obtained from nationally representative data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to assess the association between complementary feeding and other characteristics using multivariate models. Only 71% of infants were consuming soft, semi-solid and solid food by 6-8 months of age. In the multivariate analysis, mothers who had no education had a higher risk for not introducing timely complementary feeds [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-4.23, P=0.03], not meeting the minimum dietary diversity (AOR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.14-2.54, P=0.01), minimum acceptable diet (AOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.09-2.67, P=0.02) and minimum meal frequency (AOR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.20-2.49, P=0.003) than the mothers who had secondary or higher education. Infants born in Sylhet, Chittagong and Barisal division had higher risks for not meeting minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency and acceptable diet (P<0.001). The poorest two quintiles had poor levels of minimum meal frequency but dietary quality improved with age. In Bangladesh addressing the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target will require substantial improvement in complementary feeding practices. Appropriate Infant and Young Child feeding massages should to be development and delivered through existing health system.
authors.affiliation: ICDDR,B, Clinical Sciences Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ikabir@icddrb.org
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Mansura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanam
authors.forename: Kingsley E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Agho
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihrshahi
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dibley
authors.forename: Swapan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001459:Bangladesh; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014886:Weaning