title: CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell therapy in transplantation.
abstract: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are long-lived cells that suppress immune responses in vivo in a dominant and antigen-specific manner. Therefore, therapeutic application of Tregs to control unwanted immune responses is an active area of investigation. Tregs can confer long-term protection against auto-inflammatory diseases in mouse models. They have also been shown to be effective in suppressing alloimmunity in models of graft-versus-host disease and organ transplantation. Building on extensive research in Treg biology and preclinical testing of therapeutic efficacy over the past decade, we are now at the point of evaluating the safety and efficacy of Treg therapy in humans. This review focuses on developing therapy for transplantation using CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, with an emphasis on the studies that have informed clinical approaches that aim to maximize the benefits while overcoming the challenges and risks of Treg cell therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0780, USA. qizhi.tang@ucsfmedctr.org
authors.forename: Qizhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bluestone
authors.forename: Sang-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D013997:Time Factors; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D007519:Isoantigens