title: Toxicological interactions of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with selected pollutants.
abstract: The combined toxicity of the perfluorinated surfactants perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and several pollutants (Hg(2+), Cd(2+), 2,4-D, propylparaben, mitomycin C and furazolidone) has been examined with a bioluminescent cyanobacterial toxicity test. Hg(2+), Cd(2+), mitomycin C and furazolidone could be included in the "Acute aquatic hazard" category established in the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 being "very toxic to aquatic life". Toxicological interactions of PFOA, PFOS with these pollutants in binary, ternary and multicomponent mixtures were studied using the combination-index method. PFOA and PFOS showed an antagonistic interaction at the whole range of effect levels, this may explain in part the finding that PFOA and PFOS interacted in an inverse way with the organic pollutants; the relative hydrophobicity of the tested compounds would also explain this interaction pattern. The interaction of both PFOS and PFOA with heavy metals was mostly antagonistic, decreasing metal toxicity. With increasing complexity of the mixtures, the CI method predicted synergism at low to very low levels of effect; pollutant combinations at their mixture NOECs were tested and confirmed the predicted synergism.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ismael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodea-Palomares
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leganés
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosal
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Piñas
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017033:Anabaena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid