title: Non invasive real-time monitoring of bacterial infection & therapeutic effect of anti-microbials in five mouse models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vivo imaging system has contributed significantly to the understanding of bacterial infection and efficacy of drugs in animal model. We report five rapid, reproducible, and non invasive murine pulmonary infection, skin and soft tissue infection, sepsis, and meningitis models using Xenogen bioluminescent strains and specialized in vivo imaging system (IVIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The progression of bacterial infection in different target organs was evaluated by the photon intensity and target organ bacterial counts. Genetically engineered bioluminescent bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus Xen 8.1, 29 and 31; Streptococcus pneumoniae Xen 9 and 10 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen-5 were used to induce different target organs infection and were validated with commercially available antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lower limit of detection of colony forming unit (cfu) was 1.7-log10 whereas the lower limit of detection of relative light unit (RLU) was 4.2-log10 . Recovery of live bacteria from different target organs showed that the bioluminescent signal correlated to the live bacterial count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the real time monitoring and non-invasive analysis of progression of infection and pharmacological efficacy of drugs. These models may be useful for pre-clinical discovery of new antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, New Drug Discovery Research, Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Gurgaon, India. tarani.barman.ud@dsin.co.in
authors.forename: Tarani Kanta
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Barman
authors.forename: Madhvi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhati
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishore
authors.forename: Gunjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Dilip J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005813:Genes, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008581:Meningitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D020525:Xenodiagnosis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents