title: [Food water sources analysis of adults in four cities of China in summer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the food water sources of adults in the four cities of China in summer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 64 adults aged 18 - 60 yrs from four cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou)were selected using convenient sampling method. The food samples were collected by using duplicate portion method and the water content of food samples were determined by using the national standard. The information on amounts and types of daily drinking soup was recorded by subjects using a quantitative measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 63 subjects had completed the investigation. The median of daily water from food of subjects was 1157 ml, while water from staple food was 480 ml, the median ratio of which accounting for 41.8% of water from food. Water from dishes was 427 ml, the median ratio of which accounting for 37.9% of water from food. Water from soups was 133 ml, the median ratio of which accounting for 13.8% of water from food. Water from snacks was 0 ml, the median ratio of which accounting for 6.4% of water from food. The medians of water from staple food (384, 388 and 435 ml, respectively) in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou was significant lower than that of Chengdu subjects' (900 ml, χ(2) = 21.27, P = 0.000). But the median proportion of water from staple food of subjects in Beijing (47.7%) was significantly higher than that in Chengdu (43.2%), Shanghai (42.9%) and Guangzhou (33.9%) (χ(2) = 8.69, P = 0.034). The median of amount and proportion of water from soups of subjects in Guangzhou (267 ml, 24.4%) and Chengdu(278 ml, 15.7%) was significantly higher than that in Shanghai (133 ml, 9.0%) and Beijing (100 ml, 5.8%) (amount: χ(2) = 22.52, P = 0.000;proportion: χ(2) = 16.27, P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The staple food and dishes are the main sources of daily food water.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China. mags@chinacdc.cn
authors.forename: Guan-sheng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jiao-lei
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Xiao-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wen-guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hui-juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Xiao-qi
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult