title: The protective effect of Cerebralcare Granule® on brain edema, cerebral microcirculatory disturbance, and neuron injury in a focal cerebral ischemia rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to explore the protective effects of CG on rat cerebral injury after focal cerebral I /R.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion for 60 minutes or 24 hours. CG (0.4 or 0.8 g/kg) was administrated 90 minutes before ischemia. Brian edema was evaluated by Evan's blue dye extravasations and brain water content, leukocyte adhesion, and albumin leakage were determined with an upright fluorescence microscope, and neuron damage was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Focal cerebral I/R elicited a prominent brain edema, an increase in leukocyte adhesion, and albumin leakage, as well as neuron damage. All the insults after focal cerebral I/R were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with CG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with CG significantly reduced focal cerebral I/R-induced brain edema, cerebral microcirculatory disturbance, and neuron damage, suggesting the potential of CG as a prophylactic strategy for patients in danger of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Chun-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiang-Shun
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chang-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ya-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bai-He
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chuan-She
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guo-Yu
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal