title: Salivary shedding of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and non-HIV individuals and their siblings. The study group comprised 240 individuals. Group 1 comprised of 40 HIV-infected patients, group 2 40 non-HIV individuals, group 3 two siblings for each patient from group 1 (n = 80), and group 4 two siblings for each individual from group 2 (n = 80). Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted, and amplification was performed using a nested PCR protocol. EBV and CMV DNA was detected in 7/40 (17.5%) and 5/40 (12.5%) individuals from group 1, 8/40 (20%) and 3/40 (7.5%) from group 2, 11/80 (13.8%) and 2/80 (2.5%) from group 3, and 8/80 (10%) and 1/80 (1.3%) from group 4, respectively. Five (71.4%) out of seven HIV/EBV coinfected individuals of group 1 had a relative also infected with EBV (OR = 11.25, CI [1.75-72.5], p = 0.011). Regarding group 2, among the eight non-HIV and EBV-infected individuals, three (37.5%) had a relative also positive to EBV (p = 0.320). No individual HIV/CMV coinfected had a relative CMV infected (p = 1.00). Also, only one non-HIV and CMV-infected individual had a relative also positive to CMV (p = 0.075). EBV and CMV DNA was detected mainly in those who had HIV viral load counts <400/mL (71%, p = 0.2 and 100%, p = 1, respectively) and those who had CD4 T cells counts between 200 and 400/mm(3) (57%, p = 0.544 and 60%, p = 0.249, respectively). HIV-infected individuals and healthy controls showed a similar frequency of viral DNA detection. EBV DNA was significantly amplified in saliva of household members of HIV/EBV coinfected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Oral Medicine Unit, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Ribeiro Tenório
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: de França
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho
authors.forename: Valder Barbosa
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Luiz Alcino
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gueiros
authors.forename: Stephen Ross
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Jair Carneiro
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D060085:Coinfection; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D035781:Siblings; D019562:Viral Load; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral