title: Long-term outcomes of calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal for post-liver transplant renal dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has become common practice to withdraw or reduce calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) in patients with renal dysfunction after liver transplantation; however, little is known about the long-term outcome of this strategy. This study investigates the long-term results of CNI withdrawal for post-liver transplant renal dysfunction and examines for factors that predict a significant improvement in renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective database review was performed to examine outcomes in patients with CNI withdrawn for chronic renal impairment. Univariate analyses were used to identify predictors of an improvement in creatinine clearance (CrC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients (44 males) were included. Of these, 82% of patients were switched to mycophenolate mofetil and 18% azathioprine. Median follow-up after CNI withdrawal was 48 (range 3-72) months. Postwithdrawal, there was an initial improvement in CrCl (mean 5.5 mL), which remained above baseline levels at 6 years. Acute cellular rejection developed in six patients (10%), but there was no rejection-associated graft loss. A shorter time from transplantation to conversion was associated with greatest improvement in CrCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CNI withdrawal is associated with a significant initial improvement and then arrest in long-term decline of renal function. Rejection in this setting is uncommon. The greatest benefit is seen in patients switched within the early years after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D057915:Drug Substitution; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014739:Victoria
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine