title: Influence of temperature on the emission of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from PVC flooring in the emission cell FLEC.
abstract: Emissions of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from one type of polyvinylchloride (PVC) flooring with approximately 13% (w/w) DEHP as plasticizer were measured in the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC). The gas-phase concentrations of DEHP versus time were measured at air flow rate of 450 mL·min(-1) and five different temperatures: 23 °C, 35 °C, 47 °C, 55 °C, and 61 °C. The experiments were terminated two weeks to three months after steady-state was reached and the interior surface of the FLECs was rinsed with methanol to determine the surface concentration of DEHP. The most important findings are (1) DEHP steady-state concentrations increased greatly with increasing temperature (0.9 ± 0.1 μg·m(-3), 10 ± 1 μg·m(-3), 38 ± 1 μg·m(-3), 91 ± 4 μg·m(-3), and 198 ± 5 μg·m(-3), respectively), (2) adsorption to the chamber walls decreased greatly with increasing temperature (measured partition coefficient between FLEC air and interior surface are: 640 ± 146 m, 97 ± 20 m, 21 ± 5 m, 11 ± 2 m, and 2 ± 1 m, respectively), (3) gas-phase DEHP concentration in equilibrium with the vinyl flooring surface is close to the vapor pressure of pure DEHP, and (4) with an increase of temperature in a home from 23 to 35 °C, the amount of DEHP in the gas- and particle-phase combined is predicted to increase almost 10-fold. The amount in the gas-phase increases by a factor of 24 with a corresponding decrease in the amount on the airborne particles.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. pac@nrcwe.dk
authors.forename: Per Axel
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Vivi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kofoed-Sørensen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Peder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolkoff
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006798:Housing; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013995:Time; D055548:Vapor Pressure; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate