title: Effect of NaCl on nitrate removal from ion-exchange spent brine in the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR).
abstract: The H(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor was used to remove nitrate from synthetic ion-exchange brine at NaCl concentrations from ∼3 to 30 g/L. NaCl concentrations below 20 g/L did not affect the nitrate removal flux as long as potassium was available to generate osmotic tolerance for high sodium, the H(2) pressure was adequate, and membrane fouling was eliminated. Operating pHs of 7-8 and periodic citric acid washes controlled membrane fouling and enabled reactor operation for 650 days. At 30 psig H(2) and high nitrate loading rates of 15 to 80 g/m(2) d, nitrate removal fluxes ranged from 2.5 to ∼6 g/m(2) d, which are the highest fluxes observed when treating 30 g/L IX brine. However, percent removals were low, and the H(2) pressure probably limited the removal flux.
authors.affiliation: Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA. steppen@asu.edu
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Van Ginkel
authors.forename: Bi-o
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ziming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Robby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sittmann
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sholin
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Micelli
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Rittmann
mesh_terms: D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors; D058440:Denitrification; D006859:Hydrogen; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D020959:Polyethylene; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011188:Potassium / Q000737:chemistry; D012492:Salts; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009566:Nitrates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012492:Salts; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017082:brine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006859:Hydrogen; D020959:Polyethylene; D011188:Potassium