title: Different reactive oxygen species lead to distinct changes of cellular metal ions in the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Elemental uptake and export of the cell are tightly regulated thereby maintaining the ionomic homeostasis. This equilibrium can be disrupted upon exposure to exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to reduction or elevation of the intracellular metal ions. In this study, the ionomic composition in the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae was profiled using the inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) following the treatment with individual ROS, including hydrogen peroxide, cumen hydroperoxide, linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAH), the superoxide-generating agent menadione, the thiol-oxidising agent diamide [diazine-dicarboxylic acid-bis(dimethylamide)], dimedone and peroxynitrite. The findings demonstrated that different ROS resulted in distinct changes in cellular metal ions. Aluminium (Al(3+)) level rose up to 50-fold after the diamide treatment. Cellular potassium (K(+)) in LAH-treated cells was 26-fold less compared to the non-treated controls. The diamide-induced Al(3+) accumulation was further validated by the enhanced Al(3+) uptake along the time course and diamide doses. Pre-incubation of yeast with individual elements including iron, copper, manganese and magnesium failed to block diamide-induced Al(3+) uptake, suggesting Al(3+)-specific transporters could be involved in Al(3+) uptake. Furthermore, LAH-induced potassium depletion was validated by a rescue experiment in which addition of potassium increased yeast growth in LAH-containing media by 26% compared to LAH alone. Taken together, the data, for the first time, demonstrated the linkage between ionomic profiles and individual oxidative conditions.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 1797, Australia; E-Mails:  p.odoherty@uws.edu.au  (P.J.O.);  16175596@student.uws.edu.au  (P.A.M.);  v.lyons@uws.edu.au  (V.L.);  t.bailey@uws.edu.au  (T.D.B.).
authors.forename: Ming J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Doherty
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christophersen
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Trevor D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D003512:Cyclohexanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003958:Diamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism*; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D024483:Vitamin K 3 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D007477:Ions; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003958:Diamide; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; C008285:linoleic acid hydroperoxide; D008345:Manganese; D024483:Vitamin K 3; D003300:Copper; C004774:dimedone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000535:Aluminum; D008274:Magnesium; C007164:cumene hydroperoxide; D011188:Potassium