title: Self-efficacy: a useful construct to promote physical activity in people with stable chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the conceptual underpinnings of self-efficacy to address the barriers to participating in physical activity and propose a model of intervention.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The benefits of physical activity in reducing cardiovascular risk have led to evidence-based recommendations for patients with heart disease, including those with chronic heart failure. However, adherence to best practice recommendations is often suboptimal, particularly in those individuals who experience high symptom burden and feel less confident to undertake physical activity. Self-efficacy is the degree of confidence an individual has in his/her ability to perform behaviour under several specific circumstances. Four factors influence an individual's level of self-efficacy: (1) past performance, (2) vicarious experience, (3) verbal persuasion and (4) physiological arousal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discursive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the method of a discursive paper, this article seeks to explore the conceptual underpinnings of self-efficacy to address the barriers to participating in physical activity and proposes a model of intervention, the Home-Heart-Walk, to promote physical activity and monitor functional status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementing effective interventions to promote physical activities require appreciation of factors impacting on behaviour change. Addressing concepts relating to self-efficacy in physical activity interventions may promote participation and adherence in the longer term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing burden of chronic disease and the emphasis on self-management strategies underscore the importance of promoting adherence to recommendations, such as physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. huiyun.du@uts.edu.au
authors.forename: HuiYun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Yenna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Salamonson
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009043:Motor Activity; D010349:Patient Compliance; D020377:Self Efficacy