title: Preliminary web-based measures development for GHB: expectancies, functions, and withdrawal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much of what is understood regarding gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) treatment is based on hospital case studies for overdose and withdrawal, and there are currently no measures developed specifically for GHB or its analogs (e.g., gamma butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol) to assess drug effect expectancies, reasons for starting use, withdrawal effects, and knowledge and opinions about use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study (N = 61) was conducted to begin measures development to assess experiences, functions of use, and opinions regarding use as indicated by respondents taking a Web-based survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimum average partial correlation and parallel analysis procedures are employed to create scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scales were developed to assess expectancies, reasons for use, withdrawal, and knowledge/opinions of use with median α = .79 and that account for 8.69-24.17% of the variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scales have relatively good psychometric properties and replication is needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GHB-specific measures may greatly assist in furthering our understanding of protective and risk factors for use, and withdrawal phenomena.
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Research Center, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 02881, USA. larstein@uri.edu
authors.forename: L A R
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lebeau
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clair
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Monte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Storti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced; D003693:Delirium / Q000139:chemically induced; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D012978:Sodium Oxybate