title: Diversity and antimicrobial activities of the fungal endophyte community associated with the traditional Brazilian medicinal plant  Solanum cernuum  Vell. (Solanaceae).
abstract: The diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with the Brazilian medicinal plant  Solanum cernuum  Vell. were studied during summer and winter seasons. A total of 246 fungal isolates were obtained, including 225 filamentous fungi and 21 yeasts. They were identified by morphological, physiological, and molecular methods. Fifty-five different taxa represented by the phyla Ascomycota (33 taxa), Basidiomycota (21 taxa), and Zygomycota (one taxon) were identified. The most abundant taxa were closely related to  Arthrobotrys foliicola ,  Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ,  Coprinellus radians ,  Glomerella acutata ,  Diatrypella frostii ,  Phoma glomerata ,  Mucor  sp.,  Phlebia subserialis ,  Phoma moricola ,  Phanerochaete sordida , and  Colletotrichum  sp. A total of 265 fungal extracts were screened and 64 (26.01%) displayed antimicrobial activities. Among these extracts, 18 (28.12%) presented antibacterial and antifungal activities, 42 (65.62%) displayed selective antibacterial activity, and four (6.25%) exhibited only antifungal activity. The best values of minimum inhibitory concentration were obtained from extracts of  Cryptococcus rajasthanensis , Glomerella acutata,  Leptosphaeria  sp., and Phoma glomerata ranging from 7.8 to 15.62 µg/mL. This study is the first survey of the endophytic fungi community associated with S. cernuum, and our results show that they can represent a promising source of bioactive compounds.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana L A
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Alice F S
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Viviane B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Aline B M
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: Tânia M A
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Carlos L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zani
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Luiz H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Rosa
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000494:pharmacology; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D060026:Endophytes; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D020459:Genes, rRNA / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000382:microbiology*; D032322:Solanum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer