title: Innovative non-animal testing strategies for reproductive toxicology: the contribution of Italian partners within the EU project ReProTect.
abstract: Reproductive toxicity, with its many targets and mechanisms, is a complex area of toxicology; thus, the screening and identification of reproductive toxicants is a main scientific challenge for the safety assessment of chemicals, including the European Regulation on Chemicals (REACH). Regulatory agencies recommend the implementation of the 3Rs principle (refinement, reduction, replacement) as well as of intelligent testing strategies, through the development of in vitro methods and the use of mechanistic information in the hazard identification and characterization steps of the risk assessment process. The EU Integrated Project ReProTect (6th Framework Programme) implemented an array of in vitro tests to study different building blocks of the mammalian reproductive cycle: methodological developments and results on male and female germ cells, prostate and placenta are presented.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. stefano.lorenzetti@iss.it
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzetti
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arabi
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balduzzi
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bechi
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cordelli
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ietta
authors.forename: Silvia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Modina
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Narciso
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacchierotti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazzari
authors.forename: Alberto Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paulesu
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spanò
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000639:trends*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005062:European Union; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012107:Research Design; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D014116:Toxicology / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens