title: Examining success of communication strategies used by formal caregivers assisting individuals with Alzheimer's disease during an activity of daily living.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how formal (i.e., employed) caregivers' use verbal and nonverbal communication strategies while assisting individuals with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) during the successful completion of an activity of daily living (ADL). Based on the literature, the authors hypothesized that caregivers' use of 1 proposition, closed-ended questions, and repetition would be of most benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve caregiver-AD dyads participated in this observational study. Each dyad was videorecorded on 6 separate occasions while completing handwashing. Handwashing sessions were transcribed and systematically coded for the use of communication strategies during completion of the ADL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caregiver-AD dyads successfully completed 90% of all handwashing sessions, and caregivers employed a variety of communication strategies. Consistent with our hypotheses, during successful task completion, caregivers most frequently provided individuals with AD with 1 direction or idea (i.e., proposition) at a time, closed-ended questions, and paraphrased repetition. Caregivers also frequently used encouraging comments and the resident's name during the task; however, use of these strategies was not correlated to task success rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study adds to the limited body of evidence supporting the use of specific communication strategies by caregivers assisting individuals with moderate to severe AD during successful completion of ADLs.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. elizabeth.rochon@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Rozanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rochon
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mihailidis
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014705:Verbal Behavior