title: In vitro investigation of the performance of different restorative materials under cast circumferential clasps for removable dental prostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the behavior of different composite restorative materials under the load of cast circumferential clasps for removable dental prostheses (RDPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 60 human molars, standardized mesial-occlusal-distal cavities were prepared. The cavities were restored with the following materials: Definite, Tetric Ceram, SureFil, Heliomolar RO, Ariston pHc, and Oralloy, and provided with a rest seat. The rest seats were subjected to 5,000 cycles of thermal cycling and 1,200,000 masticatory cycles in a mastication simulator via cobalt-chromium circumferential clasps cast to standardized frameworks in a laboratory model designed to simulate the biomechanics of a free-end denture base. Fracture analysis of the restorations was performed by light microscopy. Before and after loading, material wear was measured with a 3D-laser scanner, and an analysis of the marginal quality was performed in an SEM at ×200 applying the replica technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the fracture behavior among the composite materials were found; the amalgam control group showed a significantly higher fracture resistance. Regarding the wear of the materials, the composites Definite and SureFil exhibited a behavior similar to that of amalgam. The other composites demonstrated higher wear rates. The initial marginal quality was significantly worse for Ariston pHc. The marginal adaptation decreased significantly after thermal and mechanical loading for Definite and Ariston pHc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of the investigated aspects of mechanical performance, the tested composites seemed to be inferior to amalgam. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the ability of composite restorations to provide support for RDP clasps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of composites as direct restoration materials should be avoided in teeth, which serve as abutments for clasp-retained RDPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Danube Private University, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 23, Campus West, 3500 Krems, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pospiech
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gebhart
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Nothdurft
authors.forename: Gergo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitov
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001732:Bite Force; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D016734:Dental Clasps; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D019554:Dental Restoration Wear; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D063225:Organically Modified Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C409382:Ariston pHc; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003188:Composite Resins; C421785:Definite composite resin; D003764:Dental Materials; C513708:Heliomolar; D008689:Methacrylates; D063225:Organically Modified Ceramics; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012833:Siloxanes; C403464:SureFil packable composite; D013729:Terpenes; C121818:Tetric ceram; D003723:Dental Amalgam