title: [Fluorine content in total diets samples of small children in Poland].
abstract: The aim of this study was investigation of the fluorine content in diets of children aged 1 - 4 years, living in 16 cities in different regions of Poland. Whole-day meals were collected for 10 subsequent days in spring and autumn seasons in orphanages. Fluorine contents was determined by potentiometric method. 457 whole day meals were tested. The fluorine contents in the daily diets ranged from 0.04 to 0.42 mg/kg, mean 0.15 +/- 0.07 mg kg, regardless of season collection. It was observed that diets with the highest level of fluorine include tea, fish, lettuce and cauliflower more than diets with the lowest levels of this element. There was a directly proportional dependence between fluoride in drinking water and children's meals, despite of the small difference between the maximum (0.32 mg/dm3) and minimum (0.09 mg/dm3) level of fluorine in water used for cooking in places covered by this survey. The average daily intake of fluorine was 0.28 mg (range 0.10-0.76 mg), median 0.25 mg, 90 percentile 0.47 mg. The average intake fluorine by children was 0.05 mg/kg b.w./day and not exceed the values specified in the standards of nutrition for the Polish population.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Badania Zywności i Przedmiotów Uzytku, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa. mjedra@pzh.gov.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jedra
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sawilska-Rautenstrauch
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gawarska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starski
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005461:Fluorine / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011044:Poland; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D005461:Fluorine