title: Purification and characterization of riproximin from Ximenia americana fruit kernels.
abstract: Highly pure riproximin was isolated from the fruit kernels of Ximenia americana, a defined, seasonally available and potentially unlimited herbal source. The newly established purification procedure included an initial aqueous extraction, removal of lipids with chloroform and subsequent chromatographic purification steps on a strong anion exchange resin and lactosyl-Sepharose. Consistent purity and stable biological properties were shown over several purification batches. The purified, kernel-derived riproximin was characterized in comparison to the African plant material riproximin and revealed highly similar biochemical and biological properties but differences in the electrophoresis pattern and mass spectrometry peptide profile. Our results suggest that although the purified fruit kernel riproximin consists of a mixture of closely related isoforms, it provides a reliable basis for further research and development of this type II ribosome inactivating protein (RIP).
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ey
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wattenberg
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry; D006031:Glycosylation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D031656:Olacaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C511795:riproximin protein, Ximenia americana; D005690:Galactose