title: Radiofrequency ablation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: retrospective analysis of a single centre experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness and safety of radiofrequency ablation for primary and recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in our single centre experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with ICC refusing or not eligible for surgery underwent radiofrequency ablation for their tumor. The ICC was primary in 9 cases and recurrent, after 2 previous resections, in 1 patient. Radiofrequency ablation was performed percutaneously under ultrasound guidance using a 15G perfused electrode. Technical success of the procedure was assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Technical effectiveness was evaluated by CEUS and contrast enhanced CT 1 month after the last course of a defined ablation protocol. Follow-up contrast enhanced CT or MRI were performed every 3-6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RFA was always technically successful and effective for ICC lesions ≤3.4 cm and ineffective for lesion ≥4 cm. After a median follow-up of 19.5 months (range 9-64 months), 8 patients were still alive while 2 had died due to tumor progression. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rate of all patients with ICC of our series were 100%, 83.3% and 83.3%. No major complication was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiofrequency ablation seems to be a safe and effective option for small (≤3.4 cm) ICC nodules. In addition it may be considered as a palliative treatment for larger tumors.
authors.affiliation: IX Infectious Diseases and Interventional Ultrasound Unit, D. Cotugno Hospital, Via G. Quagliarello 54, 80131 Naples, Italy. assanui1@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giorgio
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calisti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DE Stefano
authors.forename: Nunzia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Farella
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DI Sarno
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amendola
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scognamiglio
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giorgio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media