title: Cross-validation of an instrument for measuring professionalism behaviors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To cross-validate an instrument to measure behavioral aspects of professionalism in pharmacy students using a rating scale that minimizes ceiling effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven institutions collaborated to create a 33-item assessment tool that included 5 domains of professionalism: (1) Reliability, Responsibility and Accountability; (2) Lifelong Learning and Adaptability; (3) Relationships with Others; (4) Upholding Principles of Integrity and Respect; and (5) Citizenship and Professional Engagement. Each item was rated based on 5 levels of competency which were aligned with a modified Miller's Taxonomy (Knows, Knows How, Shows, Shows How and Does, and Teaches).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analyses confirmed the presence of 5 domains for professionalism. The factor analyses from the 7-school pilot study demonstrated that professionalism items were good fits within each of the 5 domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on a multi-institutional pilot study, data from the Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT), provide evidence for internal validity and reliability. Use of the tool by external evaluators should be explored in future research.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, USA. kelley.168@osu.edu
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Luke D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Stanke
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rabi
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kuba
authors.forename: Kristin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Janke
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards*; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy / Q000592:standards*