title: Pharmacodynamic effects of steady-state fingolimod on antibody response in healthy volunteers: a 4-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multiple-dose study.
abstract: Fingolimod, a first-in-class oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, is approved in many countries for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, at a once-daily 0.5-mg dose. A reduction in peripheral lymphocyte count is an expected consequence of the fingolimod mechanism of S1PR modulation. The authors investigated if this pharmacodynamic effect impacts humoral and cellular immunogenicity. In this double-blind, parallel-group, 4-week study, 72 healthy volunteers were randomized to steady state, fingolimod 0.5 mg, 1.25 mg, or to placebo. The authors compared T-cell dependent and independent responses to the neoantigens, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV-23), respectively, and additionally recall antigen response (tetanus toxoid [TT]) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to KLH, TT, and Candida albicans. Fingolimod caused mild to moderate decreases in anti-KLH and anti-PPV-23 IgG and IgM levels versus placebo. Responder rates were identical between placebo and 0.5-mg groups for anti-KLH IgG (both > 90%) and comparable for anti-PPV-23 IgG (55% and 41%, respectively). Fingolimod did not affect anti-TT immunogenicity, and DTH response did not differ between placebo and fingolimod 0.5-mg groups. Expectedly, lymphocyte count reduced substantially in the fingolimod groups versus placebo but reversed by study end. Fingolimod was well tolerated, and the observed safety profile was consistent with previous reports.
authors.affiliation: MPhil, Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, UK. craig.boulton@novartis.com
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boulton
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meiser
authors.forename: Olivier J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmouder
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine