title: Algorithm for video summarization of bronchoscopy procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The duration of bronchoscopy examinations varies considerably depending on the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used. It can last more than 20 minutes if a complex diagnostic work-up is included. With wide access to videobronchoscopy, the whole procedure can be recorded as a video sequence. Common practice relies on an active attitude of the bronchoscopist who initiates the recording process and usually chooses to archive only selected views and sequences. However, it may be important to record the full bronchoscopy procedure as documentation when liability issues are at stake. Furthermore, an automatic recording of the whole procedure enables the bronchoscopist to focus solely on the performed procedures. Video recordings registered during bronchoscopies include a considerable number of frames of poor quality due to blurry or unfocused images. It seems that such frames are unavoidable due to the relatively tight endobronchial space, rapid movements of the respiratory tract due to breathing or coughing, and secretions which occur commonly in the bronchi, especially in patients suffering from pulmonary disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of recorded bronchoscopy video sequences for diagnostic, reference and educational purposes could be considerably extended with efficient, flexible summarization algorithms. Thus, the authors developed a prototype system to create shortcuts (called summaries or abstracts) of bronchoscopy video recordings. Such a system, based on models described in previously published papers, employs image analysis methods to exclude frames or sequences of limited diagnostic or education value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The algorithm for the selection or exclusion of specific frames or shots from video sequences recorded during bronchoscopy procedures is based on several criteria, including automatic detection of "non-informative", frames showing the branching of the airways and frames including pathological lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper focuses on the challenge of generating summaries of bronchoscopy video recordings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, PL 30059 Poland. leszczuk@agh.edu.pl
authors.forename: Mikołaj I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Leszczuk
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duplaga
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D012015:Reference Standards; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014741:Video Recording