title: Spreading intake of a leucine-rich fast protein in energy-restricted overweight rats does not improve protein mass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Energy restriction decreases fat mass and fat-free mass. Our aim was to prevent the latter using type and timing of protein nutrition as tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young male Wistar rats were given a high-energy diet for 5 wk and then energy restricted and fed a high-protein diet containing caseins, milk-soluble proteins (MSP), or a casein-MSP mixture (n = 9 per group) as the only source of protein for 3 wk. Food intake was spread over 12 h, whereas in a previous experiment rats consumed their daily ration within 2 to 3 h. Weight and food intake were recorded. The body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after energy restriction. After 3 wk, the hind-limb muscles, the kidney, intestine, liver, and spleen weights, metabolic plasma parameters, and the liver and extensor digitorum longus muscle protein synthesis rates were measured in the postprandial state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The food intake was similar in all groups. Energy restriction induced a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass (P < 0.001) and stopped the slow growth of lean body mass, with no differences between groups. Among all tissues, a significant effect was detected only for the intestine (P = 0.0012), with a higher weight in the casein group. Postprandial liver and muscle protein synthesis rates were not different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When using a high-protein diet spread over 12 h, the nature of the protein intake has no influence on the sparing of lean body mass during energy restriction in young overweight rats.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adechian
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rémond
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaudichon
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pouyet
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dardevet
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosoni
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007930:Leucine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D007930:Leucine