title: AICAR, a small chemical molecule, primes osteogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: The chemical approach to controlling stem cell fates is emerging as a powerful tool, holding great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Various small molecules have been demonstrated capable of modulating stem cell differentiation. In this paper, we studied the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ß-riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). AICAR at high concentrations (1.0-2.0 mM) significantly inhibited proliferation of both human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) and rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). Most importantly, AICAR efficiently promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs and BM-MSCs in both growth medium and osteogenic medium. However, Metformin, another AMPK activator, showed no such effects. Meanwhile, AICAR significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation of hAMSCs and BM-MSCs. Our data suggests that AICAR represents a potent molecule, which can be applied in bone tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai - China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhaoyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wen-Song
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012265:Ribonucleotides; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D008687:Metformin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide