title: The elevated expression of osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor in sinonasal inverted papilloma and its relationship with clinical severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in cell survival, immunity, and tumor progression. The overexpression of OPN has been proposed as a biomarker of progression and metastasis for several tumor types, but it is still unclear whether it is up-regulated in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 33 subjects with SIP and 15 normal controls to determine the importance of OPN and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in SIP. Using immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we examined the distribution, mRNA expression, and protein levels, respectively, of OPN and VEGF. We then correlated these values with clinical severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunostaining levels for OPN and VEGF were significantly increased in SIP tissues compared with control tissues (p < 0.05), as were their mRNA expression and protein levels (p < 0.05). The correlation between OPN and VEGF expression and the clinical stage of SIP was significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that OPN and VEGF were both overexpressed in the analyzed SIP tissues and were associated with clinical severity, suggesting that the OPN-VEGF axis might contribute to tumor progression by enhancing angiogenesis. Therefore, OPN may serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing SIP progression and recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zuwang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yinyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fenghong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guanxia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hongtian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D053495:Osteopontin