title: Updates and future horizons on the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Sturge-Weber syndrome brain involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review recent developments in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium Sturge-Weber Syndrome National Workgroup contributed their expertise to review the literature and present promising directions for research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increasing number of reports dealing with SWS over the last decade reflects progress in the diagnosis and understanding of the neurological involvement. The proliferation of centers and advocacy groups to care for patients with SWS and to stimulate research has aided the development of new insights into the clinical manifestations and the pathophysiology of neurological progression, and the development of novel hypotheses to direct future research. Many key questions remain, but the tools and networks to answer them are being developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review summarizes important new knowledge and presents new research directions that are likely to provide further insights, earlier diagnosis, improved treatments, and possibly, prevention of this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marchuk
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: Lori C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Joshua B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ewen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D013341:Sturge-Weber Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*