title: The hypertension scale of the system of Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases, QLICD-HY: a development and validation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is aimed to develop and validate the hypertension scale of the system of Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases, QLICD-HY.
  
  
  METHODS
  The QLICD-HY instrument was developed based on programmed decision procedures with multiple nominal and focus group discussions and pilot testing. A total of 157 inpatients with hypertension were used to provide the data measuring QOL three times before and after treatment. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated with respect to validity, reliability and responsiveness employing correlation and factor analyses, and t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation and factor analyses confirmed good construct validity and criterion-related validity when using Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) as a criterion. Test-retest reliability coefficients (Pearson r and intra-class correlation (ICC)) for the overall instrument score and all domains except for the hypertension-specific domain (SPD) (0.75) were higher than 0.80 with a range of 0.75-0.91; the internal consistency α for all domains except for the hypertension-specific domain (0.66) was higher than 0.70. The overall score and scores for most facets within each domain except for the social domain (SOD) had statistically significant changes (t-tests) after treatment with moderate effect sizes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QLICD-HY has good validity, reliability, responsiveness and can be used as the quality-of-life instrument for patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China. wanchh@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Chonghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Runsheng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xin M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results