title: Posterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap: new reconstructive technique for large defects of the skull base.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indications for expanded endoscopic approaches continue to grow, resulting in larger and more complex skull base defects. Reconstructive developments, however, have lagged our extirpative capabilities. As the complexity of clinical scenarios continues to escalate,  challenging our current reconstructive strategies, we are compelled to develop alternative techniques to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leaks and protect neurovascular structures. In this article we show the anatomic basis for a new posterior pedicled flap from the lateral wall of the nose (Carrau-Hadad  [C-H] flap) for the reconstruction of median skull base defects and present our early clinical experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cadaveric model, we designed a posterior pedicle flap comprising the nasal inferolateral wall mucoperiosteum. We applied this information clinically,  to reconstruct transmural skull base defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our cadaveric model, we harvested and transposed C-H flaps into various defects of the planum sphenoidale, sella turcica, clivus, and nasopharynx. Then, we used the C-H flap in four patients, successfully reconstructing  their clival (n = 3) and sellar (n = 1) surgical defects. All patients healed uneventfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our anatomic study and early clinical experience support the use of the posterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap to reconstruct large cranial base defects resulting  from endoscopic skull base surgery in properly selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rivera-Serrano
authors.forename: Luis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Bassagaisteguy
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hadad
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carrau
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prevedello
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Miranda
authors.forename: Amin B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kassam
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D004724:Endoscopy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000706:statistics & numerical data