title: Tracing of the Bile-chemotactic migration of juvenile Clonorchis sinensis in rabbits by PET-CT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult Clonorchis sinensis live in the bile duct and cause clonorchiasis. It is known that the C. sinensis metacercariae excyst in the duodenum and migrate up to the bile duct through the common bile duct. However, no direct evidence is available on the in vivo migration of newly excysted C. sinensis juveniles (CsNEJs). Advanced imaging technologies now allow the in vivo migration and localization to be visualized. In the present study, we sought to determine how sensitively CsNEJs respond to bile and how fast they migrate to the intrahepatic bile duct using PET-CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CsNEJs were radiolabeled with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG). Rabbits with a gallbladder contraction response to cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) injection were pre-screened using cholescintigraphy. In these rabbits, gallbladders contracted by 50% in volume at an average of 11.5 min post-injection. The four rabbits examined were kept anesthetized and a catheter inserted into the mid duodenum. Gallbladder contraction was stimulated by injecting CCK-8 (20 ng/kg every minute) over the experiment. Anatomical images were acquired by CT initially and dynamic PET was then carried out for 90 min with a 3-min acquisition per frame. Twelve minutes after CCK-8 injection, about 3,000 (18)F-FDG-labeled CsNEJs were inoculated into the mid duodenum through the catheter. Photon signals were detected in the liver 7-9 min after CsNEJs inoculation, and these then increased in the whole liver with stronger intensity in the central area, presenting that the CsNEJs were arriving at the intrahepatic bile ducts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the duodenum, CsNEJs immediately sense bile and migrate quickly with bile-chemotaxis to reach the intrahepatic bile ducts by way of the ampulla of Vater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Im
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Gi
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Byung Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Ju-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Sung-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D003004:Clonorchis sinensis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D058488:Metacercariae / Q000502:physiology*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011817:Rabbits; D012844:Sincalide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D012844:Sincalide