title: Determination of human anticytokine autoantibody profiles using a particle-based approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anticytokine autoantibodies cause numerous human diseases, ranging from pure red cell aplasia to acquired immunodeficiencies. Rapid, simple, and affordable detection and monitoring of these antibodies is essential. We sought to develop a standardizable assay that is rapid, sensitive, and specific and able to simultaneously detect multiple anticytokine autoantibodies in small volumes (<10 μl).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conjugated purified human cytokines to commercially available fluorescently labeled microspheres and tested them against sera from well-characterized subjects with at least one high-titer, disease-associated anticytokine autoantibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytokine-conjugated microspheres efficiently and rapidly determined plasma concentration and IgG subclass of anticytokine autoantibodies in single or multiplex formats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This particle-based multiplex assay can reproducibly characterize anticytokine autoantibodies. This efficient and inexpensive approach to diagnosing and monitoring anticytokine autoantibodies has clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-1684, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Kamonwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jutivorakool
authors.forename: Minjal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pancholi
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Browne
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008863:Microspheres; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G