title: Diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunctions in late-onset hypogonadism.
abstract: Testosterone is the principal androgen in the human male. The decline of testosterone with aging was recognized to be associated with a number of symptoms and signs that reduce the quality of life and that may even have severe, debilitating consequences. Clinically, late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is diagnosed by use of biochemical and clinical measures. Despite published guidelines and recommendations, however, uncertainty surrounds the profile of clinical symptoms as well as the biochemical threshold of diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of these shortcomings while adhering to the guidelines. Current treatment methods are centered on restoring testosterone to mid to lower levels of young men with natural testosterone replacements. Although recent studies have highlighted possible additional benefits involving improvement of systemic disorders, the goal of treatment is to improve sexual function, while observing for adverse effects in the prostate. Overall, the problem of LOH in debilitating the quality of life and well-being is real, and by following proper guidelines with attentiveness to the results of treatment trials, testosterone replacement therapy presents a safe and effective treatment option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Du Geon
authors.initials: du G
authors.lastname: Moon