title: Association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure of children and parental socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study in Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that most environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure of children occurs at home, and lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) increases the risk of this exposure. We estimated the independent and interactive effects of parental SES and residential area SES on ETS exposure of children at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated whether ETS exposure was associated with parental SES by entering data from 7,059 school-aged children in Korea into fixed effects models. The empirical model, including the interaction variable of the level of deprivation of each residential area, was fitted with parental SES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for possible confounding variables, low paternal education (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.30-2.54) and highly deprived areas (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06-1.69) were significantly associated with the ETS exposure of children, especially among children whose fathers had <12 years of education and lived in the most deprived area (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04-4.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the SES of residential areas may influence the ETS exposure of children directly, as well as interactively with parental SES, in Korea. Findings from this study will help inform policy decision makers that intervention to promote smoking cessation should consider not only the SES of individuals but also that of residential areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Okhee
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Ho-Jang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Dongjin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Soo-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jong-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leem
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakong
authors.forename: Chul Gab
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dongmug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012923:Social Class; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine