title: Cerebellar hemorrhage: a major morbidity in extremely preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) on mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental (ND) outcome rates in extremely preterm infants admitted to a tertiary neonatal unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1120 eligible infants (<28 weeks gestation) were born from 1998 to 2008 and had at least one cranial ultrasound. ND outcome was determined at 12 to 18 months corrected age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most CH (75%) occurred in infants <25 weeks gestation. CH did not affect mortality rates, however, it was associated with both mental and motor impairments, with incidence rate ratios of 3.08 (1.71 to 4.84) and 2.12 (1.12 to 3.45), respectively. Moreover, the risk of cerebral palsy (CP) was increased in infants with CH involving the medial part of the cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings substantiate recent reports about the cerebellum, highlighting its role in cognitive and executive functions, and associating early cerebellar injury not only with CP but also with learning, affective and behavioral disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA. mmzayek@aol.com
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zayek
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maertens
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Trimm
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Eyal
mesh_terms: D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002657:Child Development; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination