title: Sequential changes in neuronal activity in single neocortical neurons after spreading depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has an important role in migraine with aura. Prolonged neuronal depression is followed by a late excitatory synaptic plasticity after CSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intra- and extracellular recordings were performed to investigate the effect of CSD on intracellular properties of mouse neocortical tissues in the late excitatory period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During CSD, changes in the membrane potentials usually began with a relatively short hyperpolarization followed by an abrupt depolarization. These changes occurred roughly at the same time point after CSD as the beginning of the negative extracellular deflection. Forty-five minutes after CSD, neurons showed significantly smaller amplitude of afterhyperpolarization and a reduced input resistance. Depolarization and hyperpolarization of the cells by constant intracellular current injections in this period significantly changed the frequency of the action potentials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate higher excitability of the neocortical neurons after CSD, which can be assumed to contribute to hyperexcitability of neocortical tissues in patients suffering from migraine.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Maryam Khaleghi
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ghadiri
authors.forename: Martyna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozian
authors.forename: Nikoo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghaffarian
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stummer
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.forename: Erwin-Josef
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Speckmann
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorji
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology