title: Combined use of hard X-ray phase contrast imaging and X-ray fluorescence microscopy for sub-cellular metal quantification.
abstract: Hard X-ray fluorescence microscopy and magnified phase contrast imaging are combined to obtain quantitative maps of the projected metal concentration in whole cells. The experiments were performed on freeze dried cells at the nano-imaging station ID22NI of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). X-ray fluorescence analysis gives the areal mass of most major, minor and trace elements; it is validated using a biological standard of known composition. Quantitative phase contrast imaging provides maps of the projected mass and is validated using calibration samples and through comparison with Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Ion Microscopy. Up to now, absolute quantification at the sub-cellular level was impossible using X-ray fluorescence microscopy but can be reached with the use of the proposed approach.
authors.affiliation: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France. ewelina.kosior@esrf.fr
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kosior
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohic
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suhonen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Devès
authors.forename: Asuncion
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.forename: Jean Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Guillet
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cloetens
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010316:Particle Size; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012015:Reference Standards; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*; D014965:X-Rays; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D015032:Zinc; D011188:Potassium