title: A comparison of the efficacy of topical application of Lignocaine Hydrochloride 5% gel and Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 5% gel for extraction of teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the advancements in dentistry the treatments are done with high perfections and patient comfort. Noninvasive, methods reduce fear and anxiety of the patient on phobia of syringes and injections. Topical anesthesia satisfies all the above criteria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of the efficacy of topical application of lignocaine hydrochloride 5% gel and bupivacaine hydrochloride 5% gel for extraction of teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lignocaine hydrochloride 5% gel and bupivacaine hydrochloride 5% gel are prepared with carbopol (thickening agent). 510 extractions with lignocaine hydrochloride gel 5% and bupivacaine hydrochloride gel 5% in equal numbers was undertaken. Parameters of onset of anesthesia, peak effects, pain, and disappearance of numbness, local irritation, bleeding and periodontal status of teeth to be extracted were taken into consideration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Onset and peak effect were faster with 5% lignocaine hydrochloride gel. 5% bupivacaine hydrochloride gel had longer duration of analgesia. Patients experienced more pain with bupivacaine. Grade 1 mobile posterior teeth were painful during extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5% lignocaine hydrochloride gel is better than 5% bupivacaine hydrochloride gel as a topical anesthetic for extraction of grade II and grade III mobile teeth.
authors.forename: N V V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Satya Bhushan
authors.forename: Ranganath N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Nayak