title: The effect of pymetrozine (Plenum WG-50) on proboscis extension conditioning in honey bees (Apis mellifera: Hybrid var. Buckfast).
abstract: Experiments are designed to examine the effects of pymetrozine (Plenum WG-50), a recent systemic pesticide of the pyridine-azomethin family, on Pavlovian conditioning of harnessed foragers. In one set of experiments bees learned a task in which they associated a conditioned stimulus with feeding. A second set of experiments required the bees to learn a discrimination task. Within each experiment, bees received 5 μl of sucrose only, the recommended field dose of Plenum (5 μL of .3 gL(-1), .16 gL(-1) of pymetrozine measured), or 100 times the field dose of Plenum WG 50 thirty minutes prior to training (5 μL of 30 gL(-1), 14 gL(-1) of pymetrozine measured). The Plenum WG 50 was diluted with .88 M sucrose to facilitate the drinking of the pesticide. In addition to varying the concentration, we also investigated the effect of Plenum WG 50 on bees confined to an observation hive and a hive located outside. The results indicated that prior exposure to Plenum WG 50 affected Pavlovian conditioning only when bees were exposed to 100 times the recommended dosage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology, Departments of Psychology and Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA. charles.abramson@okstate.edu
authors.forename: Charles I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: Michel B C
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sokolowski
authors.forename: Erika A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D014227:Triazines / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014227:Triazines; D013395:Sucrose; C480311:pymetrozine