title: Increased prevalence of rotavirus among children associated gastroenteritis in Riyadh Saudi Arabia.
abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology along with the molecular structure of rotavirus causing pediatric diarrhea among Saudi patients. However, in this report we sited the epidemiological reflect coming from our project.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand and seven diarrheal stool samples had been collected between Jan 1st, 2008 and OCT 31st, 2010 from hospitalized patients below the age of 5 year. Samples were then examined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic data were collected including age, sex, date of admission and discharge. Finally, the chi-squire test, α level of significance was used to test the variables in the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these 1007 stool samples, rotavirus was detected in 65.5% (660/1007 samples). We observed that children who are 1 year of age or less had more infection with rotavirus 81% (534/660) than those who is over 1 year of age (19%,126/660) (P = 0.000). Infections occur throughout the year with no clear significant seasonal peaks. The difference between males (57.5%, 380/660) and females (42.4%, 280/660) in terms of rotavirus positivity is statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of positivity, are at variance with previously published reports of rotavirus infection in Saudi Arabia since 2005 which reported a major decrease year by year in the incidence of rotavirus over; 2005, 2006 and 2008 with percentage of; 25%, 10%, 6% respectively explained by improvements in public health introduced in recent years. Our increasing rate result (65.5%) may suggest emerging of unusual serotypes, not been represent to our country earlier.
authors.affiliation: National Guard Health Affairs & King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Research Genetic Laboratory, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. hamsa3000@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hamsa T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tayeb
authors.forename: Hanan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Balkhy
authors.forename: Sameera M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Aljuhani
authors.forename: Esam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elbanyan
authors.forename: Solaiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alalola
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alshaalan
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral