title: Highly efficient syntheses of azetidines, pyrrolidines, and indolines via palladium catalyzed intramolecular amination of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds at γ and δ positions.
abstract: Efficient methods have been developed to synthesize azetidine, pyrrolidine, and indoline compounds via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination of C-H bonds at the γ and δ positions of picolinamide (PA) protected amine substrates. These methods feature relatively a low catalyst loading, use of inexpensive reagents, and convenient operating conditions. Their selectivities are predictable. These methods highlight the use of unactivated C-H bond, especially the C(sp(3))-H bond of methyl groups, as functional groups in organic synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yingsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chengxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen