title: Guidelines on the treatment of chronic coinfection by Trypanosoma cruzi and HIV outside endemic areas.
abstract: As a result of population migration, Chagas disease is no longer limited to the North and South American continents. In HIV-infected patients, chronic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi behaves as an opportunistic infection in severely immunosuppressed patients and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Unlike other opportunistic infections, information on the natural history, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Chagas disease is scarce. Spain has the highest number of cases of Chagas disease outside the North and South American continents, and coinfection with HIV is increasingly prevalent. In this article, the Spanish Society for Tropical Medicine and International Health (Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional) reviews the current situation of coinfection with HIV and T. cruzi infection and provides guidelines on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in areas where Chagas disease is not endemic. It also identifies areas of uncertainty where additional research is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Medicina Tropical, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain. jose.perezmolina@gmail.com
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pérez-Molina
authors.forename: Azucena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Guardado
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: María-Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pinazo
authors.forename: Bartolomé
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carrilero
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torrús
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soler-Ferrer
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puente
authors.forename: Juan Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Haro-González
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín-Rabadán
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gascon
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D002908:Chronic Disease; D060085:Coinfection; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents