title: [Differences in spermatic morphology between couples with repeated pregnancy loss and infertility].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine the differences in sperm morphology between couples who never have been pregnant and those with habitual early pregnancy loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  forty-five infertile couples were divided into two groups as follows: if they have never been pregnant or if they had habitual miscarriage. Women's and men's ages, as well as time of infertility were investigated. A semen analysis was done to all male partners and the following parameters were analyzed: concentration, agglutination, viscosity, motility, morphology and the presence of leukocytes. For analysis three cutoff points were used, considering if they had two or more miscarriages, three or more or 4 or more. Data are reported in median and range. Comparison among the groups was made by Mann-Whitney U test and Chi square.
  
  
  RESULTS
  when comparing the couples with two or more miscarriages with those with no pregnancy, no differences were found. When the cutoff point was three or more miscarriages, also no differences were found. When the cutoff point was four or more miscarriages, only normal morphology was statistically greater in the group with no previous pregnancy than in group with habitual miscarriage: 47 (16-93) and 36 (4-40), respectively, p < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  low normal sperm morphology is associated with repeated early pregnancy loss.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4, Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Distrito Federal, México. scarranzal@mexis.com
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carranza-Lira
authors.forename: Gabriel Juan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Celis-Rico
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D055815:Young Adult