title: Immunoglobulin E and mast cell proteases are potential risk factors of human pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that mast-cell activation and inflammation are important in obesity and diabetes. Plasma levels of mast cell proteases and the mast cell activator immunoglobulin E (IgE) may serve as novel inflammatory markers that associate with the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 340 subjects 55 to 75 years of age were grouped according to the American Diabetes Association 2003 criteria of normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes mellitus. The Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated significant differences in plasma IgE levels (P = 0.008) among groups with different glucose tolerance status. Linear regression analysis revealed significant correlations between plasma levels of chymase (P = 0.030) or IgE (P = 0.022) and diabetes mellitus. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that IgE was a significant risk factor of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.674, P = 0.034). After adjustment for common diabetes risk factors, including age, sex, hypertension, body-mass index, cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and mast cell chymase and tryptase, IgE remained a significant risk factor (OR: 1.866, P = 0.015). Two-variable ordinal logistic analysis indicated that interactions between hs-CRP and IgE, or between IgE and chymase, increased further the risks of developing pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus before (OR: 2.204, P = 0.044; OR: 2.479, P = 0.033) and after (OR: 2.251, P = 0.040; OR: 2.594, P = 0.026) adjustment for common diabetes risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both IgE and chymase associate with diabetes status. While IgE and hs-CRP are individual risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus, interactions of IgE with hs-CRP or with chymase further increased the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xu-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Kui-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Guo-fen
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D053818:Chymases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D053802:Tryptases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D053818:Chymases; D053802:Tryptases