title: Quick identification of kuraridin, a noncytotoxic anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) agent from Sophora flavescens using high-speed counter-current chromatography.
abstract: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem of public health that concerns almost all currently used antibacterial agents and that manifests in all fields of their application. To find more antibacterial agents from natural resources is all the time considered as an important strategy. Sophora flavescens is a popularly used antibacterial herb in Chinese Medicine, from which prenylated flavones were reported as the antibacterial ingredients but with a major concern of toxicity. In our screening on the antibacterial activities of various chemicals of this herb, 18 fractions were obtained from 8 g of 50% ethanol extract on a preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC, 1000 ml). The system of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:1:1:1) was used as the two-phase separation solvent. A chalcone named kuraridin was isolated from the best anti-MRSA fraction, together with sophoraflavanone G, a known active ingredient of S. flavescens. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of the NMR spectra. Both compounds exhibited significant anti-MRSA effects, compared to baicalein that is a well known anti-MRSA natural product. More important, kuraridin showed no toxicity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at the concentration up to 64 μg/ml while sophoraflavanone G inhibited over 50% of cellular activity at 4 μg/ml or higher concentration. These data suggested that opening of ring A of the prenylated flavones might decrease the toxicity and remain the anti-MRSA effect, from a viewpoint of structure-activity relationship.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N T, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ben Chung-Lap
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chun-Wai
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Sau-Lai
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jolivalt
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ganem-Elbaz
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morleo
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litaudon
authors.forename: Clara Bik-San
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.forename: Kwok-Pui
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Ping-Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Quan-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D047188:Chalcones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D029909:Sophora / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047188:Chalcones; D044950:Flavanones; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C554822:kuraridin; C064849:vexibinol