title: Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for inhalation of jet fuels in the rat.
abstract: The pharmacokinetic behavior of the majority of jet fuel constituents has not been previously described in the framework of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for inhalation exposure. Toxic effects have been reported in multiple organ systems, though exposure methods varied across studies, utilizing either vaporized or aerosolized fuels. The purpose of this work was to assess the pharmacokinetics of aerosolized and vaporized fuels, and develop a PBPK model capable of describing both types of exposures. To support model development, n-tetradecane and n-octane exposures were conducted at 89 mg/m(3) aerosol+vapor and 1000-5000 ppm vapor, respectively. Exposures to JP-8 and S-8 were conducted at ~900-1000 mg/m(3), and ~200 mg/m(3) to a 50:50 blend of both fuels. Sub-models were developed to assess the behavior of representative constituents and grouped unquantified constituents, termed "lumps", accounting for the remaining fuel mass. The sub-models were combined into the first PBPK model for petroleum and synthetic jet fuels. Inhalation of hydrocarbon vapors was described with simple gas-exchange assumptions for uptake and exhalation. For aerosol droplets systemic uptake occurred in the thoracic region. Visceral tissues were described using perfusion and diffusion-limited equations. The model described kinetics at multiple fuel concentrations, utilizing a chemical "lumping" strategy to estimate parameters for fractions of speciated and unspeciated hydrocarbons and gauge metabolic interactions. The model more accurately simulated aromatic and lower molecular weight (MW) n-alkanes than some higher MW chemicals. Metabolic interactions were more pronounced at high (~2700-1000 mg/m(3)) concentrations. This research represents the most detailed assessment of fuel pharmacokinetics to date.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. martin.sheppard@epa.gov
authors.forename: Sheppard A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Raphael T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; C534345:S-8 fuel