title: Perspectives on the ethical concerns and justifications of the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV testing recommendations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended three changes to HIV testing methods in US healthcare settings: (1) an opt-out approach, (2) removal of separate signed consent, and (3) optional HIV prevention counseling. These recommendations led to a public debate about their moral acceptability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We interviewed 25 members from the fields of US HIV advocacy, care, policy, and research about the ethical merits and demerits of the three changes to HIV testing methods. We performed a qualitative analysis of the participant responses in the interviews and summarized the major themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, arguments in favor of the methods were based upon their ultimate contribution to increasing HIV testing and permitting the consequent benefits of identifying those who are HIV infected and linking them to further care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevailing theme of ethical concern focused on suspicions that the methods might not be properly implemented, and that further safeguards might be needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. mwaxman@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Waxman
authors.forename: Roland C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Celada
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000941:ethics*; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D003376:Counseling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D028681:Moral Obligations; D028701:Patient Rights; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011322:Primary Prevention; D036301:Qualitative Research; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States