title: Vaccination: the present and the future.
abstract: Vaccines have undoubtedly saved the lives of millions, and along with improved sanitation, they remain one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Many diseases that were once widespread are now eradicated, but vaccine programs face ongoing challenges. Safety concerns as well as limited funding have led to pockets of reduced vaccine coverage around the world - including in developed countries. Chronic and recurrent diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, and malaria remain without effective vaccines. This review will briefly describe vaccines and the two major issues faced by modern vaccination programs: insufficient vaccine coverage and developing effective vaccines for chronic and recurrent diseases.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. saheli.sadanand@yale.edu
authors.forename: Saheli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadanand
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines