title: Effects of pinitol on glycemic control, insulin resistance and adipocytokine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pinitol is thought to mediate insulin action and improve insulin resistance. We evaluated the effects of pinitol on glycemic control, insulin resistance and adipocytokine levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes who had been taking oral hypoglycemic agents for at least 3 months were enrolled and randomized to receive pinitol (n = 33) or matching placebo (n = 33). All subjects took 1,200 mg pinitol or placebo and maintained their current oral hypoglycemic agents throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and HOMA-IR were significantly lowered more in patients taking pinitol than in those given a placebo. Patients who had an HbA1c over 8.0% showed a greater reduction (p < 0.01) than those who had an HbA1c below 8.0% (p =0.16). In addition, in the group of patients with a HOMA-IR over 2.5, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c compared to that in the group of patients with a HOMA-IR below 2.5. There were no differences in the changes in adiponectin, FFA and CRP between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pinitol can mediate insulin action to improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kang Seo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seong Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Wan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Kyung Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young Kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bon Jeong
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ku
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007294:Inositol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007294:Inositol; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C021730:pinitol