title: A statewide observational assessment of the pedestrian and bicycling environment in Hawaii, 2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Walking and bicycling are important but underused modes of transportation in the United States. Road design influences how much walking and bicycling takes place along streets and roads. Currently, numerous national policy initiatives, including Safe Routes to School and Complete Streets, are attempting to improve pedestrian and bicycling infrastructure and "friendliness." However, no state has completed a systematic assessment of its streets to determine how amenable they are to walking and bicycling. Our statewide study was undertaken to assess how accessible and friendly Hawaii roads are to these 2 activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly selected street segments in Hawaii's 4 counties and then completed objective assessments using the Pedestrian Environmental Data Scan. We audited 321 segments, and interrater reliability was adequate across all measures. Streets were coded as high (42.4%) or low capacity (57.6%) depending on how much vehicular traffic the street was designed to accommodate. Outcome measures included street accommodations (ie, sidewalks and crossing aids) and pedestrian and bicyclist use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most high-capacity streets had sidewalks (66%). These sidewalks were usually in good condition, contiguous, and had traffic control devices and pedestrian signals. Most low-capacity roads did not have sidewalks (63.4%). Bicycling facilities were limited (<10%) on both types of roads. Pedestrian and bicycle traffic was related to mixed use, including both residential and retail space, and to pedestrian and bicycling infrastructure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Road segments in Hawaii with more infrastructure and types of use, including single-family houses, apartment complexes, restaurants, office buildings, and industrial buildings, are used more by pedestrians and bicyclists.
authors.affiliation: jmaddock@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Jay E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Maddock
authors.forename: Vickie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Katie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Miaoxuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: I Made
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries*; D004779:Environment Design / Q000592:standards*; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012931:Social Environment; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries*