title: Yeast-derived beta-(1-3),(1-6)-D-glucan induces up-regulation of CD86 on dectin-1-positive human B-lymphoma cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The knowledge of direct effects of β-glucans on tumor cells is limited. This study evaluated the impact of a soluble yeast-derived beta-(1-3),(1-6)-d-glucan, containing a fraction of aggregated sugar polymers, on viability, proliferation and expression of CD86 of the human B-cell lymphoma cell lines Daudi and Raji.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proliferation of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-stained cell lines was determined by measuring depletion of the dye and cell death was quantified by staining with propidium iodide, both by flow cytometry. Surface expression of CD86 and the beta-glucan receptors dectin-1 and complement receptor 3 (CR3) was assessed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to the carbohydrate increased the expression of CD86 on both dectin-1(+)CR3(-) cell lines, whereas proliferation and viability of the cells were not affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yeast-derived beta-glucan lacks cytotoxic effects towards B-lymphoma cells but up-regulation of CD86 suggests maturation of the cells via dectin-1 by the carbohydrate.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic of Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kellermann
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pecher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D013388:Succinimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005452:Fluoresceins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D013388:Succinimides; D047071:beta-Glucans; D000099181:Dectin-1; C087165:5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester; C045268:beta-glucan receptor; C064197:beta-1,6-glucan; C010770:polysaccharide-K