title: Central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness during the finals of the world cup soccer championship 2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emotional stress is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular events, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate how emotional stress effects hemodynamics, thirteen healthy German soccer fans (mean 37.6 years, 24-56 years) were studied during live TV coverage of the finals with German national team participation (GP) and the respective finals without German participation (noGP). Peripheral blood pressure, heart rate, central blood pressure, augmentation pressure and index, cardiac output and peripheral resistance were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 1st hour before the match all parameters were not significantly different between the groups. In the GP group peripheral systolic pressure (1st halftime noGP 118 ± 1(s.e.m) versus GP 126 ± 2 mmHg, p<0.05, 2nd 117 ± 1 vs. 125 ± 2 mmHg, p<0.05), mean blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate (1st 73 ± 2 vs. 86 ± 3 bpm, p<0.05, 2nd 75 ± 2 vs. 87 ± 2 bpm, p<0.05), cardiac output (1st 4,4 ± 0,1 versus 4,8 ± 0,1L/min, p<0.05, 2nd 4,6 ± 0,1 versus 4,7 ± 0,11 L/min, p>0.05) and peripheral resistance were significantly increased compared to the noGP group during the matches. Systolic central aortic pressure (noGP: 101 ± 2 versus GP 107 ± 2 mmHg, p<0.05) and central pulse pressure (noGP: 31.3 ± 1.3 mmHg vs. GP: 38.5 ± 2.7 mmHg, p<0,05) remained elevated during the second hour after the match.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed persistent changes in central hemodynamics 2h after emotional stress. Despite normalization of peripheral values after the end of the finals, we observed prolonged elevation of central systolic blood and pulse pressure. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the increased risk of cardiovascular events in emotional stress.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cardiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reppel
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Volkhard
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kurowski
authors.forename: Susanne Annika
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baulmann
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: von Lukowicz
authors.forename: Wladimir
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mirau
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wassertheurer
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mortensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012916:Soccer; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult