title: A novel transvesical port for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of a novel transvesical port (TVEP) for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in the porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TVEP consisted of an internal guide core and external sheath design using computer-aided design software. Transvesical peritoneoscopy, renal biopsy, as well as combined transvesical/transgastric nephrectomy were performed through the TVEP in a porcine model. Operative parameters and port performance were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve procedures were successfully performed by four surgeons. No complications occurred with introduction of the TVEP. The mean time for placement was 5.6 minutes. Steady pressure controlled CO(2) pneumoperitoneum up to 15 mm Hg with a flow of 2 L/min was achievable. The average scoring by physician of the TVEP was 4.75 for ease of placement, 5 for ability to maintain pneumoperitoneum, 4.25 for convenience of inserting instruments, and 4.5 for overall satisfaction. The average score regarding instruments exchangeability, however, was relatively low: 3.25.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real surgery using a novel TVEP is feasible in performing transvesical NOTES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.forename: Zhamshid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Okhunov
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghiraldi
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huiqing
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yinghao
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D010820:Physicians; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000601:surgery; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*