title: Translation and cultural adaptation of Peds QL TM ESRD to Portuguese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate into and adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Peds QL TM - End Stage Renal Disease version 3.0 questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methodology proposed by the creator of the original questionnaire was adopted. It consisted of 4 phases: translation from English into Brazilian Portuguese, back-translation into English, application to a population sample and proof-reading and completion. The translations and review were made by professional experts in Portuguese and English. The questionnaires were composed of versions for children and adolescents' reports and parents' reports, and were divided according to age ranges: 2-4 years (parents' report only), 5-7 years, 8-12 years and 13-18 years. 35 interviews were conducted with 15 children and adolescents and 20 carergivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The process of translation and cultural adaptation, which consisted of semantic equivalence (equivalence between words), idiomatic equivalence (no equivalent expressions found or items that needed to be replaced) and experimental equivalence (words and situations appropriate to the Brazilian cultural context), resulted in a version that was understandable and easy to apply.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Nefrologia Pediátrica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. m.thomazin@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Vera Hermina Kalika
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Varni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations