title: Amanitin toxicosis in two cats with acute hepatic and renal failure.
abstract: Amanitin is a toxic cyclopeptide present in several species of poisonous mushrooms. Amanitin toxicosis was diagnosed in 2 cats from separate premises. Both cats initially had lethargy and vomiting, and they rapidly developed depression and neurological signs over 24-48 hours. Marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase was the primary finding, with subsequent serum chemistry values compatible with hepatic and renal failure. Histopathological findings consisted of submassive to massive acute hepatic necrosis, renal proximal tubular epithelial necrosis, and foci of necrosis and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Amanitin exposure was confirmed postmortem by detection of α-amanitin in the kidney by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A similar clinical course and pathological changes are reported in human and canine amanitin intoxication; however, gastrointestinal lesions are not typically described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA. dtokarzdvm@gmail.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tokarz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poppenga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaae
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filigenzi
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lowenstine
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pesavento
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D053959:Alpha-Amanitin / Q000506:poisoning*; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002415:Cats; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D053609:Lethargy / Q000662:veterinary; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009145:Mushroom Poisoning / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000662:veterinary; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D053959:Alpha-Amanitin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase