title: Contribution of spinal galectin-3 to acute herpetic allodynia in mice.
abstract: To identify endogenous factors involved in herpetic pain, we performed genome-wide microarray analysis of the spinal cord of mice that suffered from herpetic allodynia induced by inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1, which revealed marked induction of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin. Therefore, we investigated the role of galectin-3 in herpetic allodynia. The expression levels of galectin-3 mRNA and protein were increased with a temporal pattern similar to that of herpetic allodynia. Galectin-3-expressing cells were mainly localized in the superficial dorsal horn, round in shape, and positive for the macrophage/microglia markers Iba-1 and F4/80. In the deep dorsal horn, there were Iba-1-positive cells with ramified and stout processes, which were negative for galectin-3. In the superficial dorsal horn, there were many CD3-positive T cells, but most of the galectin-3-expressing cells were negative for CD3. Galectin-3-expressing cells were negative for the neuronal marker NeuN and the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. Deficiency in galectin-3 markedly reduced herpetic allodynia, without showing an effect on herpes zoster-like skin lesions. Intrathecal injection of galectin-3 produced mechanical allodynia in naive mice, and intrathecal injections of anti-galectin-3 antibodies significantly reduced herpetic allodynia. The present results suggest that galectin-3 in infiltrating macrophages and/or resident microglia in the spinal dorsal horn contributes to herpetic allodynia. Galectin-3 may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of herpes zoster-associated pain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA Department of Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tsugunobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: Kimiyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Fu-Tong
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraga
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuraishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C491049:Aif1 protein, mouse; D000906:Antibodies; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D017252:CD3 Complex; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D037502:Galectin 3; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C485095:Lgals3 protein, mouse; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C036763:monocyte-macrophage differentiation antigen