title: Green aspects of techniques for the determination of currently used pesticides in environmental samples.
abstract: Pesticides are among the most dangerous environmental pollutants because of their stability, mobility and long-term effects on living organisms. Their presence in the environment is a particular danger. It is therefore crucial to monitor pesticide residues using all available analytical methods. The analysis of environmental samples for the presence of pesticides is very difficult: the processes involved in sample preparation are labor-intensive and time-consuming. To date, it has been standard practice to use large quantities of organic solvents in the sample preparation process; but as these solvents are themselves hazardous, solvent-less and solvent-minimized techniques are becoming popular. The application of Green Chemistry principles to sample preparation is primarily leading to the miniaturization of procedures and the use of solvent-less techniques, and these are discussed in the paper.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland; E-Mails:  maciej.tankiewicz@gmail.com  (M.T.);  marbiziu@pg.gda.pl  (M.B.);  chemanal@pg.gda.pl  (J.N.).
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stocka
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tankiewicz
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biziuk
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
mesh_terms: D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012997:Solvents