title: Effects of air pollutants on innate immunity: the role of Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors.
abstract: Interactions between exposure to ambient air pollutants and respiratory pathogens have been shown to modify respiratory immune responses. Emerging data suggest key roles for Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) signaling in pathogen-induced immune responses. Similarly, immune responses elicited by exposure to air pollutants are mediated by specific TLR- and NLR-dependent mechanisms. This review article will summarize current knowledge about how air pollutants modify TLR- and NLR-dependent signaling and host defense responses in the lung.
authors.affiliation: Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diaz-Sanchez
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jaspers
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D058847:Inflammasomes; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors