title: Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis reduced inflammatory response in mouse synovial fibroblasts subjected to collagen-induced arthritis.
abstract: Hyaluronan (HA) fragments are able to induce inflammation by stimulating both CD44 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). CD44 and TLR-4 activation stimulates the liberation of NF-kB and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyaluronidase (HYAL) treatment, which depolymerises HA into small fragments, and of the addition of specific hyaluronan synthases-1, 2, and 3 small interference RNA (HASs siRNA), which silence HASs activity, on normal mouse synovial fibroblasts (NSF) and on rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) obtained from mice subjected to collagen induced arthritis (CIA). The addition of HYAL to NSF and/or RASF significantly increased the TLR-4, CD44 and NF-kB activity, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in both groups, but to a greater extent in RASF. The addition to NSF and/or RASF of the HASs siRNA, which block HASs activity and therefore the availability of HA substrate for HYAL, was able to reduce HYAL effects in both NSF and RASF. Finally, the HA evaluation confirmed the increment of HA at low molecular weight after HYAL treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Medical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy. gcampo@unime.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avenoso
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Ascola
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prestipino
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scuruchi
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nastasi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calatroni
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase