title: Minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study of thoracoscope versus mediastinoscope assistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has been widely applied for esophageal carcinoma treatment. Thoracoscope-assisted transthoracic esophagectomy (TATTE) and mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy (MATHE) are two kinds of MIE. The objective of this study is to compare these two methods with respect to surgical safety and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-institution experience with MATHE and TATTE was analyzed to assess morbidity, adequacy of tumor clearance, and survival. A pair-matched case-control study was performed to compare 54 patients who underwent either MATHE or TATTE between July 2000 and December 2009. Patients were matched by age, sex, comorbidity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), tumor location, and stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences between the MATHE group and the TATTE group were: shorter operative time for MATHE (194.4 min) versus TATTE (228.1 min), less blood loss during operation in the TATTE group (142.6 ml) versus the MATHE group (214.6 ml), and more lymph nodes retrieved in the TATTE group (19.1 nodes) versus the MATHE group (11.4 nodes). There was no difference in survival between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MATHE and TATTE are both technically feasible. TATTE can provide better visibility. TATTE has less blood loss compared with MATHE. More adequate tumor clearance in terms of lymph node dissection can be achieved with TATTE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenlin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Xiang
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Zheng-Lang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008481:Mediastinoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome