title: Osteotome maxillary sinus lift using bovine bone and calcium sulfate: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the success of bovine bone and calcium sulfate (CaSO(4)) as sinus augmentation material with osteotome maxillary sinus lift.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one osteotome sinus lift procedures were performed for 18 healthy patients (7 males and 11 females). A mixture of bovine bone and CaSO(4) (ratio, 4:1) was used as sinus augmentation material with simultaneous implant placement. Implants were loaded 4 to 5 months postimplant surgery. Cases were followed for an average of 23.4 months postloading (range, 12-60 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study group was 49.7 ± 10.66 years. The residual height of the alveolar ridge ranged from 5.5 to 11 mm (mean, 8.16 ± 1.52 mm). Four to 5 months after implant placement, the x-ray showed a 1.5 to 5 mm apical shift of the sinus floor (mean, 3.47 ± 0.97 mm), which was maintained to the end of the evaluation period. At 12 months postloading, crestal bone loss ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 mm (mean, 0.87 ± 0.26 mm), and pocket depth ranged from 2 to 4 mm (mean, 2.9 ± 0.67 mm). No significant change in crestal bone loss or pocket depth was noticed afterward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bovine bone plus CaSO(4) can be used successfully as a sinus augmentation material with osteotome sinus elevation. The use of CaSO(4) significantly improved the handling properties of bovine bone and helped to stabilize the bone graft particles during healing.
authors.affiliation: Oral Basic & Clinical Sciences Department, Western Region, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. asalghamdi2@kau.edu.sa
authors.forename: Ali Saad Thafeed
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: AlGhamdi
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003442:Crowns; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064593:Heterografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D002133:Calcium Sulfate