title: Thirty-five years of biliopancreatic diversion: notes on gastrointestinal physiology to complete the published information useful for a better understanding and clinical use of the operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the attempt to complete the available information on biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) use and mechanisms of action, some data and observations are presented that for different reasons were never published before.
  
  
  METHODS
  These pieces of information derive from minute efforts of gastrointestinal physiology research or from rigorous but preliminary and incomplete collection of data, combined with the daily input from clinical use of BPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  They essentially regard intestinal limbs, gastric volume, and their interactions in affecting energy and protein intestinal absorption in BPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is hoped that this new information will help surgeons to increase their knowledge and improve their ability to obtain the best results from the BPD procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Genoa Medical School, Genoa, Italy. nicola.scopinaro@unige.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scopinaro
mesh_terms: D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies