title: Syncope in adults: systematic review and proposal of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.
abstract: This review aims to provide a practical and up-to-date description on the relevance and classification of syncope in adults as well as a guidance on the optimal evaluation, management and treatment of this very common clinical and socioeconomic medical problem. We have summarized recent active research and emphasized the value for physicians to adhere current guidelines. A modern management of syncope should take into account 1) use of risk stratification algorithms and implementation of syncope management units to increase the diagnostic yield and reduce costs; 2) early implantable loop recorders rather than late in the evaluation of unexplained syncope; and 3) isometric physical counter-pressure maneuvers as first-line treatment for patients with neurally-mediated reflex syncope and prodromal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology 855 Montgomery Street 76107 Fort Worth, TX, United States. Salvatore.Rosanio@unthsc.edu
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosanio
authors.forename: Ernst R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitarelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D013575:Syncope / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*