title: The occurrence of synthetic musks in human breast milk in Sichuan, China.
abstract: Human breast milk samples collected from mothers (n=110) who lived in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, southwestern China in 2009 were analyzed to determine the concentrations of 13 musk compounds. Possible relationships between musk concentrations and some personal characteristics were also studied. Only five target analytes were detected in the milk samples analyzed, with median concentration values of 16.5, 11.5, 7.85, <1.5 and <1.4ngg(-1)lipid weight for AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene), HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[γ]-2-benzopyran), HHCB-lactone (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[γ]-2-benzopyran-1-one), OTNE ([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethylnaphthalen-2yl]ethan-1-one) and musk ketone (4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitroacetophenone, MK), respectively. Mothers who reported high use of hand-cleaning agents, body-cleaning agents, shampoo and hair conditioners, hair dyes and hair gels had significantly elevated milk concentrations of HHCB whereas elevated milk concentrations of AHTN were observed among mothers reporting high use of body-cleaning agents, body lotions, shampoos, hair dyes and hair gels. Younger age showed a significantly positive effect on milk concentrations of both HHCB and AHTN whereas BMI after delivery, the number of children nursed and place of residence (urban or rural) had no significant effect. The estimated median daily intakes of synthetic musks for breast-fed infants were considerably lower than the current provisional tolerable daily intake amounts suggested for adults.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Naiyuan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fudie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yongning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006795:Household Products; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008423:Maternal Age; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009035:Mothers; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000032:analysis; D014505:Urban Population; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D009281:Naphthalenes; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014992:Xylenes; C008563:musk; C033119:galaxolide; C542745:1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethanone; C033116:acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin; C031448:musk ketone