title: [The Ludwigshafen Osteoporosis Screening Questionnaire (LOS Questionnaire): result of the evaluation of anamnestic risk factors in osteoporosis diagnostics].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide and is included in the WHO list of the top ten major diseases. However, it is often undiagnosed until the first fracture occurs, due to inadequate patient education and lack of insurance coverage for screening tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study of 78 patients with metaphyseal long bone fractures, we searched for a correlation between anamnestic risk factors, bone-specific laboratory values, and the bone morphogenic density (BMD).  Each indicator was examined as a possible diagnostic instrument for osteoporosis. The secondary aim of this study was to demonstrate the high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with metaphyseal fractures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of our fracture patients 76.9% had decreased bone density and 43.6% showed manifest osteoporosis in DXA (densitometry) measurements. Our modified LOS Questionnaire, identifying anamnestic risk factors, correlated highly significantly (p=0.01) with reduced BMD, whereas seven bone-specific laboratory values (p=0.046) correlated significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anamnestic risk factors correlate with pathological BMD more than bone-specific laboratory values. The LOS Questionnaire used in this study would therefore function as a cost-effective primary diagnostic instrument for identification of osteoporosis patients.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, BG-Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland. cwoelfl@bgu-ludwigshafen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wölfl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takur
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hitzler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Gayk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Höner
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grützner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kolios
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires