title: Host specificity determinants as a genetic continuum.
abstract: Host specificity is an important concept that underlies the interaction of all clinically and agriculturally relevant microbes with their hosts. Changes in the host specificity of animal pathogens, in particular, are often of greatest concern due to their immediate and unexpected impact on human health. Host switching or host jumps can often be traced to modification of key microbial pathogenicity factors that facilitate the formation of particular host associations. An increase in the number of genome-level studies has begun revealing that almost any type of change, from the simplest to the most complex, can potentially impact host specificity. This review highlights examples of host specificity determinants of viruses, bacteria and fungi, and presents them from within a genetic continuum that spans from the single residue through to entire genomic islands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada.
authors.forename: Morgan W B
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kirzinger
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stavrinides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D044404:Genomic Islands; D058507:Host Specificity / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors