title: The paracoccidioides cell wall: past and present layers toward understanding interaction with the host.
abstract: The cell wall of pathogenic fungi plays import roles in the interaction with the host, so that its composition and structure may determine the course of infection. Here we present an overview of the current and past knowledge on the cell wall constituents of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. These are temperature-dependent dimorphic fungi that cause paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic granulomatous, and debilitating disease. Focus is given on cell wall carbohydrate and protein contents, their immune-stimulatory features, adhesion properties, drug target characteristics, and morphological phase specificity. We offer a journey toward the future understanding of the dynamic nature of the cell wall and of the changes that may occur when the fungus infects the human host.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puccia
authors.forename: Milene Carmes
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: Alisson Leonardo
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Larissa Valle Guilhen
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Longo