title: Serum leptin and ghrelin in chronic hepatitis C patients with steatosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the associations between leptin and ghrelin concentrations and sustained virological response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C patients with steatosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively assessed 56 patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype-1 and 40 with HCV genotype-3. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis, and those with other causes of chronic liver disease, were excluded. Serum HCV-RNA concentrations were measured before the initiation of treatment; at weeks 12 (for genotype 1 patients), 24 and 48 during treatment; and 24 wk after the end of treatment. Genotype was determined using INNO-LIPA HCV assays, and serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biopsy specimens were scored according to the Ishak system and steatosis was graded as mild, moderate, or severe, according to the Brunt classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, SVR was positively related to the presence of genotype-3, to biopsy-determined lower histological stage of liver disease, and lower grade of steatosis. Patients ≥ 40 years old tended to be less responsive to therapy. In genotype-1 infected patients, SVR was associated with a lower grade of liver steatosis, milder fibrosis, and an absence of insulin resistance. Genotype-1 infected patients who did not achieve SVR had significantly higher leptin concentrations at baseline, with significant increases as the severity of steatosis worsened, whereas those who achieved SVR had higher ghrelin concentrations. In genotype-3 infected patients, SVR was associated only with fibrosis stage and lower homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance at baseline, but not with the degree of steatosis or leptin concentrations. Genotype-3 infected patients who achieved SVR showed significant decreases in ghrelin concentration at end of treatment. Baseline ghrelin concentrations were elevated in responders of both genotypes who had moderate and severe steatosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased serum leptin before treatment may predict non-SVR, especially in HCV genotype-1 infected patients, whereas increased ghrelin may predict SVR in genotype-1.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine "LAIKO" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, Athens 11527, Greece. chrispavlidis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pavlidis
authors.forename: Georgios I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Panoutsopoulos
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tiniakos
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koutsounas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlachogiannakos
authors.forename: Irini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zouboulis-Vafiadis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D012367:RNA, Viral