title: Hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aims to investigate apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hypocrellin B concentration was kept constant at 2.5 μM and cells from the hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line were exposed to ultrasound with an intensity of 0.46 W/cm(2) for 8s. Cell cytotoxicity was quantified using an MTT assay 24 h after sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of hypocrellin B. Apoptosis was investigated using a flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using a flow cytometry with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorecein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytotoxicity of hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action on HepG2 cells was significantly higher than those of other treatments including ultrasound alone, hypocrellin B alone and sham treatment. Flow cytometry showed that hypocrellin B-induced sonodynamic action markedly enhanced the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells. Increased ROS was observed in HepG2 cells after being treated with hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic action remarkably induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells, suggesting that apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell death induced by hypocrellin B-mediated SDT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xinna
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Albert Wingnang
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuanshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011809:Quinones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010569:Perylene; C064522:hypocrellin B