title: Transcript levels of Toll-Like Receptors 5, 8 and 9 correlate with inflammatory activity in Ulcerative Colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysregulation of innate immune response by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) is a key feature in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Most studies have focused on TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 participation in UC. However, few studies have explored other TLRs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA profiles of TLR1 to 9 in colonic mucosa of UC patients, according to disease activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colonic biopsies were taken from colon during colonoscopy in 51 patients with Ulcerative Colitis and 36 healthy controls. mRNA levels of TLR1 to 9, Tollip, inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF were assessed by RT-qPCR with hydrolysis probes. Characterization of TLR9 protein expression was performed by Immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Toll-like receptors TLR8, TLR9, and IL6 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the colonic mucosa from UC patients (both quiescent and active) as compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.04). In the UC patients group the TLR2, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9 mRNA levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with quiescent disease, as compared to those with active disease (p < 0.05), whereas TLR5 showed a trend (p = 0.06). IL6 and TNF mRNA levels were significantly higher in the presence of active disease and help to discriminate between quiescent and active disease (p < 0.05). Also, IL6 and TNF mRNA positively correlate with TLRs mRNA with the exception for TLR3, with stronger correlations for TLR5, TLR8, and TLR9 (p < 0.0001). TLR9 protein expression was mainly in the lamina propria infiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, and TLR9 expression increases in active UC patients, and that the mRNA levels positively correlate with the severity of intestinal inflammation as well as with inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Muñoz
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fonseca-Camarillo
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Villeda-Ramírez
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miranda-Pérez
authors.forename: Edgar J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mendivil
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barreto-Zúñiga
authors.forename: Misael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bojalil
authors.forename: Aarón
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domínguez-López
authors.forename: Jesús K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yamamoto-Furusho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha