title: Cardiometabolic risk in Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes: a 15-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and other long-term cardiometabolic risks in Chinese women with prior history of gestational diabetes (GD) was studied at 15 years postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  139 Chinese women (45 with GD and 94 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at the index pregnancy) who had their insulin sensitivity and β-cell functions examined at 8 years postpartum were again followed up at 15 years for the investigation of the rate of type 2 DM, hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with prior history of GD had a significantly higher rate of hypertension (35.6% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.01), type 2 DM (24.4% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001) and impaired glucose regulation (26.6% vs. 14.9%, p < 0.001) than women with NGT during the index pregnancy. The Matsuda insulin sensitivity index and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index at 8 years postpartum were independent predictors of both DM and metabolic syndrome at 15 years postpartum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conversion rate of type 2 DM increased at an average rate of 1.6% per year after a pregnancy affected by GD. Insulin resistance at 8 years postpartum could refine a future diabetic risk in women with prior history of GD.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. tamwh@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Wing-Hung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Ronald Ching-Wan
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Gary Tin-Choi
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Terence Tzu-Hsi
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Michael Ho-Ming
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Christopher Wai-Kei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Clive Stewart
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cockram
authors.forename: Juliana Chung-Ngor
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors