title: Distribution of olive oil phenolic compounds in rat tissues after administration of a phenolic extract from olive cake.
abstract: METHODS
  The distribution and accumulation of olive oil phenolic compounds in the body are topics lacked of information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability, metabolism and distribution of phenolic compounds from olive cake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metabolism and distribution of phenolic compounds were examined by UPLC-MS/MS after an acute intake of a phenolic extract from olive cake, analyzing plasma and tissues (heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, testicle and thymus) 1, 2 and 4 h after ingestion using Wistar rats as the in vivo model. The results showed a wide distribution of phenolic compounds and their metabolites in the tissues, with a main detoxification route through the kidneys. Highlighting the quantification of the free forms of some phenolic compounds, such as oleuropein derivative in plasma (Cmax 4 h: 24 nmol/L) and brain (Cmax 2 h: 2.8 nmol/g), luteolin in kidney (Cmax 1 h: 0.04 nmol/g), testicle (Cmax 2 h: 0.07 nmol/g) and heart (Cmax 1 h: 0.47 nmol/g); and hydroxytyrosol in plasma (Cmax 2 h: 5.2 nmol/L), kidney (Cmax 4 h: 3.8 nmol/g) and testicle (Cmax 2 h: 2.7 nmol/g).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After a single ingestion of olive oil phenolic compounds, these were absorbed, metabolized and distributed through the blood stream to practically all parts of the body, even across the blood-brain barrier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology,  XaRTA-UTPV, Escola Técnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubió
authors.forename: Xenia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Borràs
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macià
authors.forename: Maria-Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Maria-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Motilva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol