title: A germin-like protein gene (CchGLP) of Capsicum chinense Jacq. is induced during incompatible interactions and displays Mn-superoxide dismutase activity.
abstract: A germin-like gene (CchGLP) cloned from geminivirus-resistant pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq. Line BG-3821) was characterized and the enzymatic activity of the expressed protein analyzed. The predicted protein consists of 203 amino acids, similar to other germin-like proteins. A highly conserved cupin domain and typical germin boxes, one of them containing three histidines and one glutamate, are also present in CchGLP. A signal peptide was predicted in the first 18 N-terminal amino acids, as well as one putative N-glycosylation site from residues 44-47. CchGLP was expressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein displayed manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity. Molecular analysis showed that CchGLP is present in one copy in the C. chinense Jacq. genome and was induced in plants by ethylene (Et) and salicylic acid (SA) but not jasmonic acid (JA) applications in the absence of pathogens. Meanwhile, incompatible interactions with either Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) or Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) caused local and systemic CchGLP induction in these geminivirus-resistant plants, but not in a susceptible accession. Compatible interactions with PHYVV, PepGMV and oomycete Phytophthora capsici did not induce CchGLP expression. Thus, these results indicate that CchGLP encodes a Mn-SOD, which is induced in the C. chinense geminivirus-resistant line BG-3821, likely using SA and Et signaling pathways during incompatible interactions with geminiviruses PepGMV and PHYVV.
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex-Hacienda el Copal km 9, Carretera Irapuato-Silao, CP 36500, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico; E-Mail:  ingfaby@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: León-Galván
authors.forename: Ahuizolt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Jesús Joaquín-Ramos
authors.forename: Irineo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torres-Pacheco
authors.forename: Ana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Barba de la Rosa
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guevara-Olvera
authors.forename: Mario M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: González-Chavira
authors.forename: Rosalía V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Ocampo-Velazquez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rico-García
authors.forename: Ramón Gerardo
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Guevara-González
mesh_terms: D002212:Capsicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019295:Computational Biology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D017791:Geminiviridae; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009029:Mosaic Viruses; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010838:Phytophthora; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D006023:Glycoproteins; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C058814:germin; C011006:jasmonic acid; C036216:ethylene; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020156:Salicylic Acid