title: Attention biases, anxiety, and development: toward or away from threats or rewards?
abstract: Research on attention provides a promising framework for studying anxiety pathophysiology and treatment. The study of attention biases appears particularly pertinent to developmental research, as attention affects learning and has down-stream effects on behavior. This review summarizes recent findings about attention orienting in anxiety, drawing on findings in recent developmental psychopathology and affective neuroscience research. These findings generate specific insights about both development and therapeutics. The review goes beyond a traditional focus on biased processing of threats and considers biased processing of rewards. Building on this work, we then turn to the treatment of pediatric anxiety, where manipulation of attention to threat and/or reward may serve a therapeutic role as a component of Attention Bias Modification Therapy.
authors.affiliation: Section on Developmental Affective Neuroscience, The National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. shechnert@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shechner
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: Koraly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pérez-Edgar
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bar-Haim
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibenluft
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012201:Reward