title: Examination of the relationship between peak linear and angular accelerations to brain deformation metrics in hockey helmet impacts.
abstract: Ice hockey is a contact sport which has a high incidence of brain injury. The current methods of evaluating protective devices use peak resultant linear acceleration as their pass/fail criteria, which are not fully representative of brain injuries as a whole. The purpose of this study was to examine how the linear and angular acceleration loading curves from a helmeted impact influence currently used brain deformation injury metrics. A helmeted Hybrid III headform was impacted in five centric and non-centric impact sites to elicit linear and angular acceleration responses. These responses were examined through the use of a brain model. The results indicated that when the helmet is examined using peak resultant linear acceleration alone, they are similar and protective, but when a 3D brain deformation response is used to examine the helmets, there are risks of brain injury with lower linear accelerations which would pass standard certifications for safety.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Ave., Room A106, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. apost@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oeur
authors.forename: Blaine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoshizaki
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002102:Cadaver; D004867:Equipment Design; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic