title: Chemical compositions and anti-influenza activities of essential oils from Mosla dianthera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mosla dianthera as an aromatic herb is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cough, colds, fever, bronchitis, nasal congestion and headache.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize chemical compositions and to evaluate the anti-influenza effects of essential oils of M. dianthera (MDEO) in influenza virus A (IVA) infected mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  MDEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ICR mice were treated with MDEO for 5 consecutive days at doses of 90-360 mg/kg after post-infected. Levels of Serum IL-4 and IFN-γ were assayed by ELISA. Levels of MOD, SOD, TAOC and GSH-Px in lung tissue were determined by colorimetric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 29 components that account for 97.74% of phenolic sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds. The major compounds were elemicin (16.51%), thymol (14.77%), β-caryophyllene (14.49%), iso-elemicin (9.22%), asarone (6.09%) and α-caryophyllene (5.26%). It had significant effects on decreasing lung viral titers, inhibiting pneumonia, reducing levels of serum IFN-γ and IL-4, and enhancing antioxidant activity in the lung tissue of IVA infected mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPE could exhibit therapeutical effects in IVA infected mice as a suppressor of IVA replication and inflammatory mediators and a promoter of antioxidant potentials. Therefore, MDEO could provide a safe and effective therapeutic candidate for treatment of influenza and its subsequent viral pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiao-feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Zhi-yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen-hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hua-zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Chen-huan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D003124:Colorimetry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D015847:Interleukin-4; D012254:Ribavirin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase