title: Effect of topical application of fluoride gel NaF 2% on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters of saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of topical fluoride gel NaF 2% application on antioxidant parameters of whole saliva from children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The saliva mechanically stimulated with parafilm was collected from 25 children (6-12 years) attending the Clinic of Paediatric Dentistry of Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil, before (control group) and immediately after application of neutral fluoride gel NaF 2% (fluoride-gel group), according to the Standards for Research Using Human Subjects, Resolution 196/96 of the USA National Health Council of 10/10/1996. Afterwards, pre-post ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), uric acid, reduced/oxidised glutathione content (GSH/GSSG) and total peroxidase activity (TPO) were evaluated in whole saliva of both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters were augmented by fluoride-gel NaF 2% application, whereas a notable reduction (31%) of peroxidase activity was concomitantly observed in the children's saliva (p ≤ 0.05). Nevertheless, the reducing power of saliva was kept unaltered under these circumstances (p ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the reduced activity of peroxidase (an important antimicrobial and antioxidant enzyme), the topical fluoride gel NaF 2% favourably stimulated the release of non-enzymatic antioxidant components of saliva, sustaining the reducing power of saliva and the natural defences of the oral cavity.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Dentistry Ph.D. Program, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, ZIP 08060-070, São Paulo, Brazil. mariana.leite@cruzeirodosul.edu.br
authors.forename: Mariana Ferreira
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Nayara Ferraz D'Assumpção
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Caleb David Willy Moreira
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Shitsuka
authors.forename: Amanda Martins
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Mônica Miyuki
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.forename: Giselle Rodrigues
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sant'Anna
authors.forename: Paula Mochidome
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Yamaguti
authors.forename: Tatiana G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Polotow
authors.forename: Marcelo Paes
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Barros
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D014527:Uric Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D009195:Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione