title: [The relations between music and medicine in history and present].
abstract: Since the ancient world relations exist between music and medicine. In the                     prehistoric music, dance, rhythm and religious practice were important parts of                     shamanism and early medical procedures. Important philosophers of the classic                     period already began with the scientific research of musical and medical                     questions. During the middle age convents conserved ancient knowledge. They                     offered medical care and taught the ancient knowledge of medicine, arts and                     music. The Gregorian choral was created. Traditions of popular believe expressed                     the relations between music and medicine. The Renaissance became the great                     époque of art, music and science. Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius                     presented a new style of artistic working and scientific knowledge. Also the                     basics of western music, like tonality was developed. With the separation of                     scientific subjects in natural sciences and humanities, the relationships                     between music and medicine fall into oblivion. During the classic and romantic                     era music and art were important parts of cultural live of the well educated                     society. With the development of neurology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis more                     physicians and scientists were interested in musical questions. Questions about                     the role of music in human behavior and the ancient method to use music in                     medical treatment became popular. In the early 20th century the music therapy                     was developed. Today the effects of music to the human brain are investigated with radionuclear                     methods. A lot of investigations showed the effect of music and music                     performance to humans. Music plays an important part in psychotherapy,                     therapeutic pedagogy and medical care, the importance of music and music therapy                     increases. In the 80ies of the 20th century the performing arts medicine was                     developed, which asks for the medical problems of performing musicians.
authors.affiliation: Universität Witten/Herdecke, Campus Köln-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Köln. Elena-romana.gasenzer@gmx.de
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gasenzer
authors.forename: E A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
mesh_terms: D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D008602:Mental Healing / Q000266:history*; D009146:Music / Q000266:history*; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000266:history*