title: Management of patients with transient ischemic attack: insight from real-life clinical practice in Europe and the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a serious condition which should be considered on the same spectrum as other conditions involving brain ischemia. Efficient management of these patients is therefore critical. The aim of this research was to gain insights into 'real-world' global trends of the current management approaches for patients with suspected and diagnosed TIA, and highlight the unmet need and areas of improvement to ensure effective management of this patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tele-interviews were conducted with 120 physicians and five operational managers across France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and the US including stakeholders from primary care group practice, those with hospital responsibilities (ER physician and Neurologists), or from home health agencies. Information from the interviewees regarding the management of patients with TIA (including entrance into the clinical pathway, diagnosis, and treatment) were obtained and analyzed qualitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients with suspected TIA were reported to enter the clinical pathway via the GP or ER, irrespective of country. Once initially seen, the neurologist then plays a central role in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the patients. Although a number of tests are routinely employed, interviewees reported that streamlining and simplification of diagnosis, faster initiation of treatment, improved efficacy and fewer side-effects with treatment were needed for patients with suspected TIA. The study is designed to provide a directional indication of the current situation rather than strong, quantitative conclusions, given limitations of the small sample size and subjective nature of the data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of correct management of patients with TIA is becoming increasingly recognized by physicians. Improved education for patients regarding symptom recognition and severity is required along with a standardized diagnostic process. These would enable correct and fast diagnosis and initiation of treatment thereby reducing the risk of further events.
authors.affiliation: Heron Evidence Development Ltd, Butterfield Technology Park, Luton, UK.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jäkel
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plested
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Purroy
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D007558:Italy; D010820:Physicians; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D014481:United States