title: Preparation, characterization of 2-deoxy-D-glucose functionalized dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated maghemite nanoparticles for targeting tumor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a modified preparation and to systematically study the structure, magnetic and other properties of γ-Fe(2)O(3)-DMSA-DG NPs (2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) conjugated meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid coated γ-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles) and test its ability to improve Hela tumor cells targeting in vitro compared to the γ-Fe(2)O(3)-DMSA NPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conjugation of 2-DG on the surface of γ-Fe(2)O(3)-DMSA NPs was performed by esterification reaction and characterized. Acute toxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. Cellular uptake was investigated by Prussian blue staining and UV colorimetric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DG was successfully functionalized onto the surface of γ-Fe(2)O(3)-DMSA NPs; binding efficiency was ~60%. The mean diameter of single core of γ-Fe(2)O(3)-DMSA-DG NPs was 10 nm. Particle size and polydispersity index of its aggregates were 156.2 nm and 0.162, respectively. 2-DG-conjugated nanoparticles caused little cytotoxic effects on Hela cells at the concentration range of 0-600 μg/mL. When 2-DG-conjuated and non-conjugated nanoparticles were incubated with Hela cells for 4, 8 and 12 h, the 2-DG-conjugated nanoparticle showed significant amount of uptake in cells compared to their non-targeted counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  γ-Fe(2)O(3)-DMSA-DG NPs could be developed as a tumor-targeted probe for cervical cancer imaging and therapy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Zi-yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Xiao-qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Xiu-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D004113:Succimer / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D004113:Succimer