title: Regenerative potential of glycosaminoglycans for skin and bone.
abstract: To meet the growing need for tissue replacement materials for our aging population, the development of new adaptive biomaterials is essential. The tissues with the highest demand for implant materials are skin and bone. These tissues share various similarities, including signaling pathways and extracellular matrix composition. Glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate are the major organic extracellular matrix components. They modulate the attraction of skin and bone precursor cells and their subsequent differentiation and gene expression and regulate the action of proteins essential to bone and skin regeneration. The precise action of glycosaminoglycans varies according to their structural composition mainly in respect to the degree of sulfation and polymer length. Changes in the glycosaminoglycan composition are frequently seen in physiological and pathological remodeling processes, such as bone formation or scaring. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of how the most common glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan, interact with bone and skin cells, and summarize their potential in tissue engineering for skeletal and skin diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden Technical University Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salbach
authors.forename: Tilman D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Rachner
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauner
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hempel
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Anderegg
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Jan-Christoph
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Lorenz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hofbauer
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration; D012867:Skin; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans