title: Tissue Doppler indexes of left ventricular systolic function in relation to the pulsatile and steady components of blood pressure in a general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To our knowledge, no population study described the association of the radial and longitudinal components of left ventricular strain with blood pressure (BP) components in continuous analyses. We therefore investigated these associations in participants randomly recruited from the general population in the framework of the family-based European Project on Genes in Hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 334 participants (55.4% women; mean age, 43.6 year), using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), we measured the end-systolic longitudinal strain (mean 20.9%) and peak systolic strain rate (1.29 s) from the basal portion of the left ventricular inferior and posterior free walls and radial stain (51.1%) and strain rate (3.40 s) of the left ventricular posterior wall. Models included in addition to covariables and confounders both SBP and DBP or both pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Effect sizes were expressed per 1-SD increase in BP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal strain (-0.62%; P = 0.04 and -0.64%; P = 0.007), but not strain rate, decreased with DBP and MAP. Radial strain (4.0 and -3.4%; P ≤ 0.001) and strain rate (0.38 and -0.18 s; P ≤ 0.04) independently increased with SBP and decreased with DBP. Accordingly, radial strain (2.9%; P < 0.0001) and strain rate (0.22 s; P = 0.0005) increased with higher PP, but were not related to MAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general population, BP is an independent determinant of left ventricular systolic function as measured by TDI. Radial function increased with PP, the pulsatile BP component, whereas longitudinal function decreased with the steady component of BP as expressed by MAP or DBP.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sakiewicz
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuznetsova
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kloch-Badelek
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'hooge
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryabikov
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunicka
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swierblewska
authors.forename: Lutgarde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loster
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malyutina
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stolarz-Skrzypek
authors.forename: Kalina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawecka-Jaszcz
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narkiewicz
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staessen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D013599:Systole