title: Self-reported experience of bullying of students who stutter: relations with life satisfaction, life orientation, and self-esteem.
abstract: Self-reported self-esteem, life orientation, satisfaction with life, and bullying were examined in relation to victimization experiences among 54 students who stuttered and 54 students who did not stutter. Those who stuttered reported greater, i.e., clinically significant, victimization (44.4%) than students who did not stutter (9.2%). Significant differences were found between means for self-esteem and life orientation, with students who stuttered reporting lower self-esteem and less optimistic life orientation than those who did not stutter. In both groups of students, high victimization scores had statistically significant negative correlations with optimistic life orientation, high self-esteem, and high satisfaction with life scores. Given the increased likelihood of students who stuttered being bullied, the negative relation of adjustment variables and bullying, and the potentially negative long-term effects of bullying, increased vigilance and early intervention are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 308 Ford Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. f2x@psu.edu
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Blood
authors.forename: Ingrid M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Blood
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tramontana
authors.forename: Anna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sylvia
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Gina R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Motzko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013342:Stuttering / Q000523:psychology*