title: Angiotensin II signalling and calcineurin in cardiac fibroblasts: differential effects of calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporine A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac remodelling is controlled by complex systems, including activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and signalling through MAP kinases and Ca2+-activated calcineurin. Whether Ang II, which increases [Ca2+]i and stimulates MAP kinases, mediates myocardial effects through calcineurin-dependent pathways remain unclear. We investigated effects of two calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) (10-10-10-6 mol/L, 20 mins) on activation of MAP kinases and on growth, pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory responses in Ang II-stimulated rat cardiac fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ang II increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK (1.5-1.8-fold, p<0.05) without effect on JNK. FK506, but not CsA, attenuated Ang II-stimulated MAP kinase activation. Molecular indices of cell growth (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)), fibrosis (fibronectin, pro-collagen) and inflammation (iNOS), were upregulated by Ang II (12 hrs). FK506 and CsA inhibited PCNA effects. Ang II-induced pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory responses were inhibited by CsA. Ang II receptors, AT1R and AT2R, were not influenced by calcineurin inhibitors. Our data indicate differential calcineurin inhibitor sensitivity of MAP kinases and cellular responses in Ang II-stimulated fibroblasts. p38MAP kinase and ERK1/2 are regulated in a FK506-sensitive manner, whereas fibrosis and inflammation are CsA-sensitive. Cell proliferation is inhibited by both FKC506 and CsA. These are post-receptor phenomena, since AT1R and AT2R status was unaltered by treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings identify an important role for calcineurin in MAP kinase/growth/pro-fibrotic/pro-inflammatory signalling by Ang II in cardiac fibroblasts. Although both FK506 and CsA inhibit calcineurin, they exert differential effects on molecular and cellular responses. Such differences may contribute to variable clinical responses of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Augusto C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Montezano
authors.forename: Rhian M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Touyz
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin; D016559:Tacrolimus