title: German norms for semantic typicality, age of acquisition, and concept familiarity.
abstract: The present study introduces the first substantial German database with norms for semantic typicality, age of acquisition, and concept familiarity for 824 exemplars of 11 semantic categories, including four natural (ANIMALS, BIRDS, FRUITS,:  and VEGETABLES: ) and five man-made (CLOTHING, FURNITURE, VEHICLES, TOOLS: , and MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS: ) categories, as well as PROFESSIONS:  and SPORTS:                          . Each category exemplar in the database was collected empirically in an exemplar generation study. For each category exemplar, norms for semantic typicality, estimated age of acquisition, and concept familiarity were gathered in three different rating studies. Reliability data and additional analyses on effects of semantic category and intercorrelations between age of acquisition, semantic typicality, concept familiarity, word length, and word frequency are provided. Overall, the data show high inter- and intrastudy reliabilities, providing a new resource tool for designing experiments with German word materials. The full database is available in the supplementary material of this file and also at                             www.psychonomic.org/archive                                                     .
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence Cognitive Sciences Neurocognition of Language/Neurolinguistics, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany. astrid.schroeder@uni-potsdam.de
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gemballa
authors.forename: Steffie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruppin
authors.forename: Isabell
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wartenburger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012660:Semantics