title: The relationship between health-related quality-of-life and disability in patients with controlled epilepsy: a cross-sectional observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims this study were to assess the impact of epilepsy on the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) of patients and on patterns of disability and to describe the relationship between disability and HRQoL in adult patients with controlled epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disability was measured with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, second version (WHO-DAS II), whereas HRQoL was measured with the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The relationships between SF-36 and WHO-DAS II were evaluated with Pearson correlation. The impact of epilepsy on disability and HRQoL was assessed by comparing WHO-DAS II and SF-36 scores with the Italian normative values and by evaluating different disability and HRQoL profiles in patients self-reporting change in health state against those reporting no change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Few differences between patients' and normative scores were observed. In particular, patients with a stable health state reported higher HRQoL and lower disability status, compared with those reporting an improvement or a decline in health state. The relationships between WHO-DAS II and SF-36 were significant but were generally low or moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disability and HRQoL scores of patients with controlled epilepsy were not significantly different compared with those of the general population, in particular among stable patients. Measures of HRQoL and disability evaluate different psychosocial aspects of epilepsy and can be used jointly to evaluate outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Institute C Besta IRCCS Foundation, Neurology, Public Health, and Disability Unit, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintas
authors.forename: Ana Sabela
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koutsogeorgou
authors.forename: Milda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerniauskaite
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meucci
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sattin
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raggi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult