title: Selection and use of US Title II food aid products in programming contexts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food aid provided by the United States has saved lives for almost two centuries. Delivering the right products is important, but of equal concern are the ways in which products are delivered and to whom.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study addresses how food products are currently used, whether interventions are appropriate to achieve nutrition objectives, and whether nutrition targets could be met more cost-effectively with a different mix of products or programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The team conducted consultations with a broad range of stakeholders. A survey of Title II implementing partners was conducted, focusing on procurement and logistics, and uses of FBFs and other foods. Input of implementing partners, civil society, and donor organizations was obtained through individual consultations, international and small group meetings. More than 400 individuals accessed the project's website. The project convened a panel of experts in food technology and science, food policy, law, industry, medicine, development and humanitarian work, and the maritime industry, and held regular joint meetings with USDA and USAID. The draft report was widely disseminated and posted on the website.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is wide variation in the quantities of fortified blended foods provided to target populations. Most of these foods are used in health/nutrition programs, but they are also used in general family rations or as an incentive or pay. Clearer programming guidance and improved decision tools are needed to match products to nutrition goals, and programs should consider delivering nutrients across a basket of commodities, not single products. The evidence base for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of specific foods and programs needs to be strengthened and should be supported by FFP Research is needed to provide guidance on nutrition support for HIV/AIDS. Additional investments are needed in effective behavior change communication.
authors.affiliation: Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA. Beatrice.rogers@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wanke
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: Amelia Reese
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Masterson
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bagriansky
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schlossman
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tilahun
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D005523:Food Supply; D005527:Food, Fortified; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D016730:Program Development; D013217:Starvation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States; D054702:United States Agency for International Development; D016885:United States Department of Agriculture