title: Mechanisms linking traffic-related air pollution and atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent discoveries in the field of air pollution toxicology highlight the potential impact of specific sources of air pollution, especially related to roadway emissions, on acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. This review covers potential mechanisms, both in terms of biological pathways and chemical drivers, to explain these observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Air pollution is associated with chronic progression of cardiovascular disease. Roadway exposures appear to have a strong correlation to these adverse outcomes. Controlled toxicological studies highlight potential interactions between vehicle-source emissions and adverse vascular outcomes. Mechanistically, a role for both innate and adaptive immune responses is emerging, with important recent findings demonstrating that immunomodulatory pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor-4 and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 may play a role in communicating airway exposures to cardiovascular outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An improved understanding of the sources and mechanisms underlying adverse cardiovascular health outcomes of air pollution would enhance our ability to manage vulnerable populations and establish precise, effective regulatory policies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. mcampen@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Campen
authors.forename: Amie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions