title: Alteration in sleep quality in patients with mechanical insidious neck pain and whiplash-associated neck pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine differences in sleep quality between patients with mechanical neck pain, patients with whiplash (WAD) pain, and healthy controls and to determine the relationship between the intensity of ongoing pain, disability, and sleep quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with mechanical neck pain (4 men, 15 women; age, 40 ± 16 yrs), 22 with WAD (4 men, 18 women; age, 38 ± 15 yrs), and 18 comparable controls (4 men, 14 women; age, 41 ± 13 yrs) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality. A numerical pain rate scale (0-10) and the Neck Disability Index (0-50) were collected for assessing neck pain and disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in sleep quality (P < 0.001), sleep latency (P = 0.005), sleep efficiency (P = 0.002), sleep disturbances (P < 0.001), use of sleeping medication (P < 0.001), daytime dysfunction (P < 0.001), and total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (P < 0.001) but not for sleep duration (P = 0.096) were found; patients with mechanical neck pain and WAD pain exhibited higher scores in all components compared with healthy controls. Seventeen (77%) patients with WAD and 13 (68%) with mechanical neck pain reported poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, >8). Significant positive correlations between mean intensity of ongoing pain with sleep quality (r(s) = 0.693; P < 0.001); sleep duration (r(s) = 0.433; P = 0.044); sleep efficiency (r(s) = 0.644; P = 0.001) and total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (r(s) = 0.643; P = 0.001) were found in patients with WAD pain; the higher the intensity of ongoing pain, the worse the sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbances are a common finding in individuals with neck pain and are associated with the intensity of ongoing pain in WAD. It seems essential to address the ongoing cycle of pain and sleep disturbances as an integral part of the treatment of patients with neck pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Marie Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Valenza
authors.forename: Gerad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valenza
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: González-Jiménez
authors.forename: Ana Isabel
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: De-la-Llave-Rincón
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Morales
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives