title: Highly efficient degradation of azo dyes by palladium/hydroxyapatite/Fe3O4 nanocatalyst.
abstract: Palladium/hydroxyapatite/Fe(3)O(4) (Pd/HAP/Fe(3)O(4)) nanocatalyst was synthesized and evaluated for its catalytic activity towards the degradation of azo dyes (methyl red, methyl orange and methyl yellow) selected as test dye species. The Pd/HAP/Fe(3)O(4) was employed as a novel catalyst that offers high catalytic activity, magnetic separateability and good stability. It was found that catalytic activity of this catalyst was significantly enhanced under acidic conditions. The degradation mechanism is proposed to be due to the reaction of Pd/HAP/Fe(3)O(4) with dissolved oxygen with the assistance of acid to form a Pd hydroperoxide, which oxidizes azo dyes under HAP catalysis. This in turn shows the clear importance of HAP as the support for the Pd nanocatalyst. The concentrations of dyes change exponentially with time and high rate constants were obtained for the degradation of these dyes. The pseudo-first-order equation was shown to fit degradation kinetics in most cases. Therefore, the Pd/HAP/Fe(3)O(4) nanostructures are considered as a highly efficient and promising catalyst in degradation systems and they can be effectively recovered after use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. safavi@chem.susc.ac.ir
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: Safieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momeni
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002384:Catalysis; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013499:Surface Properties; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010165:Palladium; D017886:Durapatite; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide