title: Management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in clinical practice: initiation, maintenance, and discontinuation of therapy.
abstract: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual loss in elderly populations. In recent years, pharmacological inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), via intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (Lucentis) or bevacizumab (Avastin), has offered the first opportunity to improve visual outcomes in patients diagnosed with this disorder. In this paper, we provide recommendations on how bevacizumab and ranibizumab may be best applied in current clinical practice, with an emphasis on their underlying pharmacology and efficacy. In addition, we review current guidelines for the initiation, maintenance, and discontinuation of anti-VEGF therapies, as well as emerging treatment strategies and future directions in the field.
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
authors.forename: Pearse A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tufail
authors.forename: Praveen J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Patel