title: Clinical indicators of periodontal disease in patients with coronary heart disease: a 10 years longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence about a possible relationship existing between periodontal diseases and coronary heart disease. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to investigate the changes in periodontal evolution after etiological periodontal treatment, comparing a healthy control group with another having coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included initially 55 patients of which 44 finished it. They were placed into two groups: Healthy Control Group (HCG) n =9, and Coronary Heart Disease Group (CHDG) n=35. The gingival level (GL), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured to compare the periodontal status in both groups. The patients were examined and etiological periodontal treatment was performed and they were then examined at the end of 1 and 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A one way-ANOVA and a MR-ANOVA were established; significance p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences between both groups were detected on the first visit (p>0.5). However, at the second visit the CHDG presented a significantly higher PD (p<0.05) and PI (p<0.01). CHDG patients gradually increase PD through time and in comparison to the control group (p<0.041). CHDG patients present a significantly higher CAL loss (p<0.0385) and a significant increase in PI (p<0.0041) at the end of one year, while on the third visit no significant differences were detected in any of these indices. Likewise, a similar fact can be observed on evaluating BOP at the end of ten years causal treatment, a smaller decrease in the cardiac group was observed in regards to the initial values (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with coronary heart disease showed a worse evolution of periodontal indices than healthy ones, when referring to probing depth, plaque index and bleeding on probing index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Patients, Faculty of Odontology, University of Seville, Spain. gmachuca@us.es
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Machuca
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Segura-Egea
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Beato
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lacalle
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bullón
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D013997:Time Factors