title: Using incentives to reduce substance use and other health risk behaviors among people with serious mental illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serious mental illness (SMI) is associated with high rates of tobacco and other drug dependence, poor treatment compliance, obesity and low levels of physical activity, which have severe medical and psychosocial consequences. Interventions that effectively reduce these health risk behaviors among people with SMI are urgently needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published reports from studies evaluating incentive-based treatments for promoting tobacco and other drug abstinence, treatment attendance, medication use and increased physical activity are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of this review indicate the efficacy of incentive-based treatments for reducing tobacco and other drug use among people with SMI. Few studies have examined whether incentive-based treatments improve treatment attendance, medication use and physical activity levels in people with SMI; however, initial evidence is positive and indicates that further research in these areas is warranted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the medical and psychosocial costs of tobacco and other drug use, treatment non-compliance and physical inactivity, and the efficacy of incentive-based treatments for improving these behaviors, such interventions should be further developed and integrated into behavioral health treatment programs for people with SMI.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Jennifer_Tidey@brown.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tidey
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009042:Motivation; D012201:Reward; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States