title: Effects of primer containing silane and thiophosphate monomers on bonding resin to a leucite-reinforced ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Silane primers are commonly used for bonding between resin-based luting agents and ceramic restorations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nine silane primers on the bond strength of resin to a leucite-reinforced ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The commercially available dental primers used were five silane primers (GC Ceramic Primer, GP; Clearfil Ceramic Primer, CP; Tokuso Ceramic Primer, TP; Porcelain Liner M, PM; and Monobond Plus, MB). Four experimental primers (MDS, MTS, MDS/MPII, and MTS/MPII) and two control primers (MMA and MMA/MPII) were also prepared. The ceramic specimen was ground with silicon carbide paper, primed, and then bonded to a resin composite disc using a dual-curing luting agent. After a 24-h immersion in water, the shear bond strengths were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shear bond testing revealed that the bond strength was significantly improved with the use of a MTS/MPII primer when compared to MDS, MTS, MMA, MDS/MPII and MMA/MPII. Although no significant differences were detected between GP, CP, PM, and MB, the primers CP, TP, PM, and MTS/MPII exhibited the highest bond strengths, followed by GP and MB, whilst the no-primer control resulted in the lowest values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maximum bond strengths were obtained with CP, TP, PM, and MTS/MPII. It was suggested that the thiophosphate monomer accelerated the role of the silane monomer. When selecting a primer to bond ceramic restorations, clinicians should be aware that not only the silane monomer but also additional components of the primer considerably affect the bond strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. yohsuke@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yohsuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawase
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C530542:clearfil esthetic cement; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C078519:leucite; C017492:methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; C034139:4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; C035638:thiophosphoric acid; C022088:silicon carbide