title: Nurses' perceptions of communication training in the ICU.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the experience and perceptions of nurse study participants regarding a communication intervention (training and communication tools) for use with nonspeaking, critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small focus groups and an individual interview were conducted with six critical care nurses. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis and constant comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two ICUs within a large, metropolitan medical centre in western Pennsylvania, United States of America.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical care nurses' evaluations of (1) a basic communication skills training programme (BCST) and (2) augmentative and alternative communication strategies (AAC) introduced during their study participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six main categories were identified in the data: (1) communication value/perceived competence; (2) communication intention; (3) benefits of training; (4) barriers to implementation; (5) preferences/utilisation of strategies; and 6) leading-following. Perceived value of and individual competence in communication with nonspeaking patients varied. Nurses prioritised communication about physical needs, but recognised complexity of other intended patient messages. Nurses evaluated the BCST as helpful in reinforcing basic communication strategies and found several new strategies effective. Advanced strategies received mixed reviews. Primary barriers to practise integration included patients' mental status, time constraints, and the small proportion of nurses trained or knowledgeable about best patient communication practices in the ICU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the communication skills training programme could be valuable in reinforcing basic/intuitive communication strategies, assisting in the acquisition of new skills and ensuring communication supply availability. Practice integration will most likely require unit-wide interdisciplinary dissemination, expert modelling and reinforcement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 336 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States. jvr5@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Jill V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Happ
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D016638:Critical Illness; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations