title: Cyclothymic-depressive-anxious temperament pattern is related to suicide risk in 346 patients with major mood disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suicidal behavior is one of the most alarming signs not only in psychiatry, and current major depressive episode is the most frequent medical condition among suicide victims and attempters. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the individual pattern of affective temperaments, non-typical symptoms of depression as measured with the Gotland Scale for Male Depression (GSMD), hopelessness and suicidal behavior in major mood disorder patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 346 adult inpatients (151 men and 195 women) with major mood disorders consecutively admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the Sant'Andrea University Hospital in Rome, Italy. All the patients were administered the TEMPS-A, the GSMD, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Two Step Cluster Analysis procedure, performed to reveal natural groupings within patients' response set, indicated that there were 2-groups: a cyclothymic-depressive-anxious group and a hyperthymic group. More than 81% of the patients with prevailing cyclothymic-depressive-anxious temperament had mild to severe suicidal risk on the MINI vs. only around 42% of the patients with prevailing hyperthymic temperament. Sixty-four percent of patients with prevailing cyclothymic-depressive-anxious temperament had BHS scores of 9 or higher versus only 13% of patients with prevailing hyperthymic temperament. Also, patients with prevailing cyclothymic-depressive-anxious temperament more likely had higher GSMD than patients with prevailing hyperthymic temperament.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlational nature of the study limits causal conclusions to be drawn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that affective temperament measure along with Gotland Scale for Male Depression could be useful tools in screening and identifying those affective disorder patients who are at higher risk of suicidal behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Innamorati
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rihmer
authors.forename: Xenia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.forename: Hagop
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niolu
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sher
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatarelli
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perugi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012306:Risk; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D013694:Temperament