title: The SWAN captures variance at the negative and positive ends of the ADHD symptom dimension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) Rating Scale differs from previous parent reports of ADHD in that it was designed to also measure variability at the positive end of the symptom spectrum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The psychometric properties of the SWAN were tested and compared with an established measure of ADHD, the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SWAN demonstrates comparable validity, reliability, and heritability to the DBRS. Furthermore, plots of the SWAN and DBRS reveal heteroscedasticity, which supports the SWAN as a preferred measure of positive attention and impulse regulation behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of the SWAN to measure additional variance at the adaptive end of the ADHD symptom dimensions makes it a promising tool for behavioral genetic studies of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: University of Denver, Frontier Hall, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO 80208, USA. awbernard@gmail.com
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: Bruce F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friend
authors.forename: Erik G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Willcutt
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000523:psychology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000523:psychology