title: Gender differences in the manifestation of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated if there are gender differences in the manifestation of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  TTC predominantly occurs in elderly females and mimics acute myocardial infarction (AMI) where men and women are known to have a different clinical profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  324 patients from 37 hospitals were prospectively included in a TTC registry. Clinical, electrocardiographic, angiographic and outcome data from male and female patients were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 324 patients 296 (91%) were female and 28 (9%) male. Mean age (68 ± 12 vs 66 ± 12 years) and prehospital delay were similar. A triggering event preceded TTC onset in 76% of women and 86% of men. Physical stress was more frequent in men (30% vs 57%, p=0.005) whereas more women experienced emotional or no stress. The prevalence of angina and dyspnea did not differ. Fewer females were admitted in cardiogenic shock and/or after out of hospital cardiac arrest (1% vs 14%, p=0.0006), and cardiac troponin was lower (median 7.2 vs 10.7 times the upper limit of normal, p=0.03). The QTc interval was longer in females than in males only on the day of admission (468 ± 52 vs 441 ± 51 ms, p=0.047). Overall, complications during the acute course (53% vs 40%) were comparable in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large TTC registry, males and females showed a similar clinical profile. In males, physical stress as a trigger event and shock or cardiac arrest as presenting symptoms were more frequent. The QTc interval was longer in females only on admission but similar in males and females during the following days.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik II, Sana Kliniken Lübeck, Germany. b.schneider@sana-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Birke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Athanasiadis
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stöllberger
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pistner
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gottwald
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schoeller
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerecke
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sechtem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*