title: Study of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen on digital panoramic images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the radiographic location of the mental foramen and appearance of the inferior alveolar canal and the relationship between image gray values and the clarity of inferior alveolar canal on the digital panoramic images and to evaluate if the histogram equalization of the digital image would improve the visualization of the inferior alveolar canal outline on the digital panoramic images in the mandible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred digital panoramic images were evaluated by two examiners using a specific inclusion criteria. Only the right side of the mandible was studied. Chi-square analyses were used for comparisons of distributions. Mean and median pixel values were analyzed separately with a one-way analysis of variance. Also, percentages were calculated to report the usefulness of the histogram equalization for visualization of canal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS show variation in location of mental foramen. Most frequent location of the mental foramen was reported as first and second premolar region. Chi-square analysis showed that the frequency of occurrence of the mental foramen was equally probable for any of the three locations. The study did not find significant usefulness of the gray values obtained from the histogram equalization in predicting the clarity of inferior alveolar canal outlines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowing the normal relationship and the anatomical variation of the maxillofacial structures for each patient is important for surgical implant treatment planning to avoid future complications. It is also important to be familiar with the advantages and limitations of diagnostic aids available before making treatment planning decisions based on such findings.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Digital imaging, Panoramic, Inferior alveolar canal, Mental foramen. How to cite this article: Pria CM, Masood F, Beckerley JM, Carson RE. Study of the Inferior Alveolar Canal and Mental Foramen on Digital Panoramic Images. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):265-271. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None declared.
authors.affiliation: American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pria
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: Joy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Beckerley
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002680:Chin / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000294:innervation; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic