title: Evaluation of two chimeric bovine-human parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccines in infants and young children.
abstract: Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in children, yet a licensed vaccine or antiviral drug is not available. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, infectivity, and immunogenicity of two intranasal, live-attenuated HPIV3 vaccines, designated rHPIV3-N(B) and rB/HPIV3, that were cDNA-derived chimeras of HPIV3 and bovine PIV3 (BPIV3). These were evaluated in adults, HPIV3 seropositive children, and HPIV3 seronegative children. A total of 112 subjects participated in these studies. Both rB/HPIV3 and rHPIV3-N(B) were highly restricted in replication in adults and seropositive children but readily infected seronegative children, who shed mean peak virus titers of 10(2.8) vs. 10(3.7)pfu/mL, respectively. Although rB/HPIV3 was more restricted in replication in seronegative children than rHPIV3-N(B), it induced significantly higher titers of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies against HPIV3. Taken together, these data suggest that the rB/HPIV3 vaccine is the preferred candidate for further clinical development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. rkarron@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Karron
authors.forename: Bhagvanji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thumar
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schappell
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Surman
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D022241:Parainfluenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D022241:Parainfluenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic