title: Influence of NaCl and NaNO3 on sinigrin hydrolysis by foodborne bacteria.
abstract: The glucosinolate sinigrin (SNG) is converted by endogenous plant myrosinase or by bacterial myrosinase-like activity to form the potent antimicrobial allyl isothiocyanate. In order to use SNG as a natural antimicrobial precursor in food, it became important to better understand the  ability of bacteria to synthesize the enzyme(s) and understand factors influencing this synthesis at a constant SNG concentration. Eight spoilage, pathogenic, or starter culture bacteria were grown separately in medium containing individual or combined salts with SNG. SNG degradation by the  bacteria and the formation of its major degradation product, allyl isothiocyanate, were followed for 12 days at 30 or 35°C. The bacterial strains varied in their ability to metabolize SNG, and this was enhanced by NaCl and/or NaNO(3). SNG hydrolysis took place after 4 days, and  the greatest amount occurred by day 12. At 12 days, Escherichia coli O157:H7 showed the greatest capacity to hydrolyze SNG (45.3% degradation), followed by Staphylococcus carnosus (44.57%), while Pseudomonas fluorescens was not active against SNG. The ability of tested  strains to metabolize SNG, in decreasing order, was as follows: Escherichia coli O157:H7 > Staphylococcus carnosus > Staphylococcus aureus > Pediococcus pentosaceus > Salmonella Typhimurium > Listeria monocytogenes > Enterococcus  faecalis > Pseudomonas fluorescens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herzallah
authors.forename: M Lara
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lledó
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holley
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059022:Food Safety; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005520:Food Preservatives; D005961:Glucosinolates; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C010330:sinigrin; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate; D012977:Sodium Nitrite