title: Impact of infertility regimens on breast cancer cells: follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone lack a direct effect on breast cell proliferation in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of hormones used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) on normal and malignant breast cell growth and proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro study of cultured normal and malignant breast cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal and malignant breast cell lines cultured in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) systems and treated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), or FSH with LH or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of treatment on cell proliferation in 2D culture using the MTS assay and on colony growth in 3D culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with untreated cells, normal MCF-10A cells showed a decrease in proliferation and colony size when exposed to a combination of FSH and hCG. The HCC 1937 cells treated with FSH and LH also showed a decrease in colony growth but no change in proliferation. None of the treatments had an effect on the proliferation or colony size of the MCF-7 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Follicle-stimulating hormone, LH, and hCG do not appear to cause an increase in cell proliferation or colony growth in either normal or malignant mammary epithelial cell lines. The potential risk for mammary cell transformation associated with these agents may be related to indirect endocrine effects on breast cell physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, L'Archet Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Samir Alexandre
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boukaidi
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zelivianski
authors.forename: Jacqueline S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jeruss
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone