title: The gut is not only the target but a source of inflammatory mediators inhibiting gastrointestinal motility during sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis is a common problem in intensive care patients leading to multi-organ failure and gastrointestinal paralysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate whether the gastrointestinal tract is not only the target but also the source of inflammatory mediators inhibiting gastrointestinal motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesenteric lymph was obtained from rats in which a sepsis was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally. Gastrointestinal motility was recorded following mesenteric lymph- or TNFα infusion into the jugular vein of separate healthy recipient rats using the strain gauge transducer technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infusion of sepsis lymph significantly impairs gastric and colonic motility, decreasing the motility-index in the stomach and colon by about 57% and 21% respectively in comparison to baseline motility. Among other inflammatory mediators, TNFα plays an important role in mediating the inhibitory effect of mesenteric lymph on gastrointestinal motility during sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gastrointestinal tract is the source and the target of inflammatory mediators released during sepsis causing paralytic ileus.
authors.affiliation: University of Tübingen, Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Königsrainer
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Türck
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eisner
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meile
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Küper
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zieker
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glatzle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008196:Lymph / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha