title: Impaired generation of 12-hydroxylated bile acids links hepatic insulin signaling with dyslipidemia.
abstract: The association of type 2 diabetes with elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and intrahepatic lipid accumulation represents a pathophysiological enigma and an unmet therapeutic challenge. Here, we uncover a link between insulin action through FoxO1, bile acid (BA) composition, and altered lipid homeostasis that brings new insight to this longstanding conundrum. FoxO1 ablation brings about two signature lipid abnormalities of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, elevated liver and plasma TG. These changes are associated with deficiency of 12α-hydroxylated BAs and their synthetic enzyme, Cyp8b1, that hinders the TG-lowering effects of the BA receptor, Fxr. Accordingly, pharmacological activation of Fxr with GW4064 overcomes the BA imbalance, restoring hepatic and plasma TG levels of FoxO1-deficient mice to normal levels. We propose that generation of 12α-hydroxylated products of BA metabolism represents a signaling mechanism linking hepatic lipid abnormalities with type 2 diabetes, and a treatment target for this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Haeusler
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pratt-Hyatt
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Curtis D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Accili
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013253:Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D005947:Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D007555:Isoxazoles; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013253:Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase; D014280:Triglycerides; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C467200:Foxo1 protein, mouse; C412815:GW 4064