Tolerogenic dendritic cells:  applications for solid organ transplantation.
OBJECTIVE
We discuss the use of tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs) as a therapeutic tool in solid organ transplantation, with particular emphasis on recent experimental and preclinical data supporting the clinical translation of TolDC therapy.


RESULTS
TolDC have been successfully used in rodents to promote long-term allograft survival. Although most studies have focused on donor dendritic cells or donor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, our group investigated a strategy based on the administration of autologous dendritic cells (not pulsed with donor antigens). We discuss the therapeutic efficacy, mechanisms, and potential risks and advantages of each strategy. We also highlight recent findings on the generation of clinical grade human TolDC from blood monocytes. Finally, we discuss preliminary experience with dendritic cells in humans and critical issues regarding the implementation of TolDC therapy to clinical organ transplantation.


CONCLUSIONS
TolDC hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of transplanted patients. Cell therapy with unpulsed, autologous dendritic cells appears as a well tolerated, clinically relevant approach that might help in improving long-term allograft survival and limit the harmful effects of immunosuppressive treatments.
INSERM UMR643, CHU Hotel-Dieu, 30 boulevard Jean Monnet, Nantes, France.
Gaelle
G
Beriou
Aurelie
A
Moreau
Maria C
MC
Cuturi
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology*
D015703:Antigens, CD; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents