The use of light for engineered control and reprogramming of cellular functions.
Could combating incurable diseases lie in something as simple as light? This scenario might not be too farfetched due to groundbreaking research in optogenetics. This novel scientific area, where genetically encoded photosensors transform light energy into specifically engineered biological processes, has shown enormous potential. Cell morphology can be changed, signaling pathways can be reprogrammed, and gene expression can be regulated all by the control of light. In biomedical applications where precise cell targeting is essential, non-invasive light has shown great promise. This article provides a summary of the recent advances that utilize light in genetic programming and precise control of engineered biological functions.
ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
William
W
Bacchus
Martin
M
Fussenegger
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D060846:Cell Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008322:Mammals; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects