Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in human amnion epithelial (WISH) cells.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)-NPs) induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage have been investigated using human amnion epithelial (WISH) cells, as an in vitro model for nanotoxicity assessment. Crystalline, polyhedral rutile TiO(2)-NPs were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses. The neutral red uptake (NRU) and [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assays revealed the concentration dependent cytotoxic effects of TiO(2)-NPs (30.6nm) in concentration range of 0.625-10μg/ml. Cells exposed to TiO(2)-NPs (10μg/ml) exhibited significant reduction (46.3% and 34.6%; p<0.05) in catalase activity and glutathione (GSH) level, respectively. Treated cells showed 1.87-fold increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and 7.3% (p<0.01) increase in G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, as compared to the untreated control. TiO(2)-NPs treated cells also demonstrated the formation of DNA double strand breaks with 14.6-fold (p<0.05) increase in Olive tail moment (OTM) value at 20μg/ml concentration, vis-à-vis untreated control, under neutral comet assay conditions. Thus, the reduction in cell viability, morphological alterations, compromised antioxidant system, intracellular ROS production, and significant DNA damage in TiO(2)-NPs exposed cells signify the potential of these NPs to induce cyto- and genotoxicity in cultured WISH cells.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Quaiser
Q
Saquib
Abdulaziz A
AA
Al-Khedhairy
Maqsood A
MA
Siddiqui
Faisal M
FM
Abou-Tarboush
Ameer
A
Azam
Javed
J
Musarrat
D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053960:DNA Breaks; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione