Early life stress exacerbates cognitive dysfunction induced by d-amphetamine: amelioration by valproic acid.
It has been demonstrated that experiences taking place early in life have a profound influence on brain development, interacting with the genetic background and determining differences in the vulnerability to the onset of bipolar disorder when the individual is exposed to a second adverse event later in life. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure to an early adverse life event (maternal deprivation) and to a later adverse life event [D-amphetamine (AMPH)] on cognition in an animal model of mania. We have previously demonstrated that that repeated AMPH exposure produces severe and persistent cognitive impairment, which was more pronounced when the animals were maternal deprived, suggesting that the early adverse life event could be potentiating the effects of the exposure to the second adverse life event later in life. Here, we show that valproic acid ameliorated the cognitive deficits induced by AMPH, but it was not effective when the animals were exposed to both stressors: maternal deprivation and AMPH treatment.
Department of Physiological Sciences, Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University, Av Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 12D, Sala 340, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
Rose Mary Carvalho
RM
Pinheiro
Maria Noêmia Martins
MN
de Lima
Gabriel Rodrigo
GR
Fries
Vanessa Athaíde
VA
Garcia
Juliana
J
Presti-Torres
Luis Henrique
LH
Hallmenschlager
Luisa Azambuja
LA
Alcalde
Rafael
R
Roesler
Monica Levy
ML
Andersen
João
J
Quevedo
Flávio
F
Kapczinski
Nadja
N
Schröder
D000818:Animals; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D005260:Female; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D018692:Antimanic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D014635:Valproic Acid; D003913:Dextroamphetamine