Inhibition of cell survival, viability and proliferation by dentin adhesives after direct and indirect exposure in vitro.
OBJECTIVE
The influence of dentin adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, XP Bond, Xeno V, Clearfil Protect Bond, AdheSE) on cell survival, viability and proliferation was characterized after direct and indirect exposure using different cell culture techniques.


METHODS
The primers and cured bonding parts were directly exposed to cells using cell culture inserts, and complete materials were analyzed in a dentin barrier test. Cell responses were examined in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts after 24- and 72-h exposure periods by the estimation of total cell numbers (survival), apoptosis (viability) and cell proliferation.


RESULTS
Cell numbers were effectively reduced by the primers of AdheSE, Protect Bond, and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose as well as XP bond after direct exposure in a cell culture insert test device. Likewise, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose primer induced a rate of apoptosis (93.9%) even higher than detected with Protect Bond primer (91.6%). Cell proliferation was entirely inhibited by primers and by Xp Bond as well. The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose was most cytotoxic in a dentin barrier test device after a 24-h indirect exposure. It also increased the percentage of cells in apoptosis to 15.4% compared to untreated controls.


CONCLUSIONS
Unpolymerized primers of dentin adhesives were more cytotoxic than polymerized bonding counterparts. Moreover, total etch dentin adhesives were more cytotoxic than self-etch adhesives.


CONCLUSIONS
When dentin adhesives are used in deep cavities without a protective dentin barrier the leachable hydrophobic and hydrophilic component of dentin adhesive systems can penetrate to the pulp and may induce cytotoxic responses in pulp tissues.
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34093 Çapa Istanbul, Turkey. tuncers@istanbul.edu.tr
Safa
S
Tuncer
Mustafa
M
Demirci
Helmut
H
Schweikl
Mine
M
Erguven
Ayhan
A
Bilir
Aysun
A
Kara Tuncer
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000633:toxicity; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000633:toxicity; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors
D000180:Acrylic Resins; C489662:AdheSE cement; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C532387:XP-Bond; C575872:Xeno V; C067790:Vitrabond