Cost analysis for computer supported multiple-choice paper examinations.
BACKGROUND
Multiple-choice-examinations are still fundamental for assessment in medical degree programs. In addition to content related research, the optimization of the technical procedure is an important question. Medical examiners face three options: paper-based examinations with or without computer support or completely electronic examinations. Critical aspects are the effort for formatting, the logistic effort during the actual examination, quality, promptness and effort of the correction, the time for making the documents available for inspection by the students, and the statistical analysis of the examination results.


METHODS
Since three semesters a computer program for input and formatting of MC-questions in medical and other paper-based examinations is used and continuously improved at Wuerzburg University. In the winter semester (WS) 2009/10 eleven, in the summer semester (SS) 2010 twelve and in WS 2010/11 thirteen medical examinations were accomplished with the program and automatically evaluated. For the last two semesters the remaining manual workload was recorded.


RESULTS
The cost of the formatting and the subsequent analysis including adjustments of the analysis of an average examination with about 140 participants and about 35 questions was 5-7 hours for exams without complications in the winter semester 2009/2010, about 2 hours in SS 2010 and about 1.5 hours in the winter semester 2010/11. Including exams with complications, the average time was about 3 hours per exam in SS 2010 and 2.67 hours for the WS 10/11.


CONCLUSIONS
For conventional multiple-choice exams the computer-based formatting and evaluation of paper-based exams offers a significant time reduction for lecturers in comparison with the manual correction of paper-based exams and compared to purely electronically conducted exams it needs a much simpler technological infrastructure and fewer staff during the exam.
Wuerzburg University, Medical Faculty, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Alexander
A
Mandel
Alexander
A
Hörnlein
Marianus
M
Ifland
Edeltraud
E
Lüneburg
Jürgen
J
Deckert
Frank
F
Puppe
D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000191:economics*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000191:economics*; D004526:Efficiency; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000191:economics*; D010209:Paper; D012655:Self-Evaluation Programs / Q000191:economics*; D012984:Software / Q000191:economics*; D015443:Word Processing / Q000191:economics