Phosphatidylglucoside: its structure, thermal behavior, and domain formation in plasma membranes.
Phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc) is a unique glyco-glycerophospholipid that is found in both bacterial and mammalian cells. The discovery of PtdGlc in mammalian cells is relatively recent (Nagatsuka et al., 2001. FEBS Lett. 497, 141-147). Chemical structural analysis of the PtdGlc found in mammalian organs and cultured cells showed that PtdGlc is composed exclusively of a single pair of saturated fatty acid chains; the sn-1 chain is stearic acid (C18:0) and the sn-2 chain is arachidic acid (C20:0). PtdGlc forms distinct domains, which are different from cholesterol-based sphingolipid domains, on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. In this review, we summarize recent studies of PtdGlc. Special attention is paid to the thermal behavior of PtdGlc in a pure system and in mixtures with other lipid components that may relate to the formation of PtdGlc domains in biomembranes. Finally, we discuss proposed biological functions of PtdGlc based on recent experimental results.
Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunm, Japan. hirotakahashi@gunma-u.ac.jp
Hiroshi
H
Takahashi
Tomohiro
T
Hayakawa
Motohide
M
Murate
Peter
P
Greimel
Yasuko
Y
Nagatsuka
Toshihide
T
Kobayashi
Yoshio
Y
Hirabayashi
D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
D020404:Glycerophospholipids; C429823:phosphatidylglucose