Uptake and depuration of pharmaceuticals in aquatic invertebrates.
The uptake and depuration of a range of pharmaceuticals in the freshwater shrimp (Gammarus pulex) and the water boatman (Notonecta glauca) was studied. For one compound, studies were also done using the freshwater snail Planobarius corneus. In G. pulex, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranged from 4.6 to 185,900 and increased in the order moclobemide < 5-fluoruracil < carbamazepine < diazepam < carvedilol < fluoxetine. In N. glauca BCFs ranged from 0.1 to 1.6 and increased in the order 5-fluorouracil < carbamazepine < moclobemide < diazepam < fluoxetine < carvedilol. For P. corneus, the BCF for carvedilol was 57.3. The differences in degree of uptake across the three organisms may be due to differences in mode of respiration, behaviour and the pH of the test system. BCFs of the pharmaceuticals for each organism were correlated to the pH-corrected liposome-water partition coefficient of the pharmaceuticals.
Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Melanie
M
Meredith-Williams
Laura J
LJ
Carter
Richard
R
Fussell
David
D
Raffaelli
Roman
R
Ashauer
Alistair B A
AB
Boxall
D033304:Amphipoda / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism; D007313:Insecta / Q000378:metabolism; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012908:Snails / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical