Postburn edge shoulder adduction contracture: anatomy and elimination with trapeze-flap plasty--a new approach.
Postburn scar shoulder adduction contracture is the most common among big joints' contractures. As the contracture impedes all upper limb function, surgical reconstruction is indicated as early as the contracture is formed. Many flaps and techniques have been suggested, yet the problem is not resolved completely. Three hundred forty-six edge scar shoulder adduction contractures were eliminated personally in 277 patients. Contracture anatomy was studied before and during surgery. Effectiveness of the existing and newly developed techniques was evaluated. Edge shoulder scar adduction contracture is caused by scars located on anterior and/or posterior shoulder joint surface and is characterized by the presence of the fold along the axillary fossa edge. Crest of the fold is the edge of scars. The fold's lateral sheet is scars (causes contracture); medial sheet and axillary fossa skin stay uninjured. Lateral scar sheets have surface deficit in length; the deficit spreads from the fold's crest to the shoulder joint rotation axis and has a trapezoid form. The conclusion was made that the adequate technique should consist of sheet surface deficit compensation with the flap of the same (trapezoid) shape. The medial fold sheet and axillary fossa served as an excellent donor site for the flap. Depending on contracture severity, several variants of the trapeze-flap plasty were developed: trapeze-flaps alone or in combination with skin grafts. In all cases, contractures were eliminated completely with trapeze-flap plasty without serious complications. No flap loss and contracture recurrence took place. The proposed techniques are based on the anatomy of the contracture. They are easy to plan and perform, allow complete restoration of the upper limb's function, and improve shoulder joint region appearance in general. The author believes that the trapeze-flap plasty procedure is a preferred technique for adult and pediatric patients with edge scar shoulder adduction contracture.
Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Viktor M
VM
Grishkevich
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054061:Ischemic Contracture / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery*; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult