Assessment of dietary intake in a sample of Polish population - baseline assessment from the prospective cohort 'PONS' study.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake of participants in the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS).


METHODS
The presented study comprised 3,862 inhabitants of Świętokrzyskie Province aged 45-64 (2,572 females and 1,290 males). Daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and fatty acid were estimated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).


RESULTS
Energy intake was significantly higher in males than females (1,461.4 vs 1,320.7 kcal/day), and in participants aged 45-54 than in those aged 55-64 (1,409.5 vs 1,338.5 kcal/day). The percentage of energy from saturated fatty acids was higher than dietary recommendations. Protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were significantly higher in males compared to females, and in younger than in older group. Daily cholesterol intake was significantly higher in males compared to females and in younger than in older group. People with a higher level of education had a higher energy, protein and fat intake.


CONCLUSIONS
Under-reporting of energy intake was observed in a significant percentage of participants, especially in males. Gender, age and education status had statistically significant impact on dietary intake. Increase in the intake of dietary fibre, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids with diet by the studied participants will make the diets more healthy.
Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. rafal.ilow@gmail.com
Rafał
R
Ilow
Bożena
B
Regulska-Ilow
Dorota
D
Różańska
Katarzyna
K
Zatońska
Mahshid
M
Dehghan
Xiaohe
X
Zhang
Andrzej
A
Szuba
Lars
L
Vatten
Kinga
K
Janik-Koncewicz
Marta
M
Mańczuk
Witold A
WA
Zatoński
D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires