Do inhalational anesthetics cause cognitive dysfunction?
Increasing evidence indicates that inhalational anesthetics may cause or increase the risk of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), especially in the elderly population. POCD may exist as a transient or long-term complication of surgery and anesthesia and is associated with reduced quality of life. There remains great discrepancy between clinical studies investigating the prevalence of POCD and inhalational anesthetics as many fail to show an association. However, numerous animal studies have suggested that inhalational anesthetics may alter cognitive function via amyloid β accumulation, modified neurotransmission, synaptic changes and dysregulated calcium homeostasis. Other factors such as neuroinflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines may also play a role. This paper reviews the role of inhalational anesthetics in the etiology and underlying mechanisms that result in POCD.
Department of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015995:Prevalence; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002118:Calcium