MicroRNAs and other mechanisms regulate interleukin-17 cytokines and receptors.
Interleukin-17 cytokines are a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our current studies found: i) IL-17 cytokines are not ubiquitously expressed, but several receptors and TRAF3IP2 are ubiquitously expressed in tissues with a few exceptions; ii) heart and vascular tissue are in the second tier of readiness to respond to IL-17 cytokine stimulation; iii) alternative transcription starting sites and alternative spliced isoforms are found in IL-17 cytokine and receptor transcripts; iv) higher hypomethylation status is associated with higher expressions of IL-17 receptors; v) the binding sites of several RNA binding proteins are found in the 3'UTRs of the mRNAs of IL-17 cytokines and receptors; and vi) numerous microRNA binding sites are statistically equivalent to that of experimentally verified microRNAs-mRNA interactions in the 3'UTRs of IL-17 cytokine and receptor mRNAs. These results suggest that mechanisms including alternative promoters, alternative splicing, RNA binding proteins, and microRNAs regulate the structures and expressions of IL-17 cytokines and receptors. These results provide an insight into the roles of IL-17 in mediating inflammation and immunity.
Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Jietang
J
Mai
Anthony
A
Virtue
Erin
E
Maley
Tran
T
Tran
Ying
Y
Yin
Shu
S
Meng
Meghana
M
Pansuria
Xiaohua
X
Jiang
Hong
H
Wang
Xiao-Feng
XF
Yang
D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D019175:DNA Methylation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D053722:Receptors, Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020381:Interleukin-17; D035683:MicroRNAs; D053722:Receptors, Interleukin-17