Association of center volume with mortality and complications in pediatric heart surgery.
OBJECTIVE
Previous analyses have suggested center volume is associated with outcome in children undergoing heart surgery. However, data are limited regarding potential mediating factors, including the relationship of center volume with postoperative complications and mortality in those who suffer a complication. We examined this association in a large multicenter cohort.


METHODS
Children 0 to 18 years undergoing heart surgery at centers participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2006-2009) were included. In multivariable analysis, we evaluated outcomes associated with annual center volume, adjusting for patient factors and surgical risk category.


RESULTS
A total of 35 776 patients (68 centers) were included. Overall, 40.6% of patients had ≥1 complication, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 3.9%. The mortality rate in those patients with a complication was 9.0%. In multivariable analysis, lower center volume was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality. There was no association of center volume with the rate of postoperative complications, but lower center volume was significantly associated with higher mortality in those with a complication (P = .03 when volume examined as a continuous variable; odds ratio in centers with <150 vs >350 cases per year = 1.59 [95% confidence interval: 1.16-2.18]). This association was most prominent in the higher surgical risk categories.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that the higher mortality observed at lower volume centers in children undergoing heart surgery may be related to a higher rate of mortality in those with postoperative complications, rather than a higher rate of complications alone.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27715, USA. sara.pasquali@duke.edu
Sara K
SK
Pasquali
Jennifer S
JS
Li
Danielle S
DS
Burstein
Shubin
S
Sheng
Sean M
SM
O'Brien
Marshall L
ML
Jacobs
Robert D B
RD
Jaquiss
Eric D
ED
Peterson
J William
JW
Gaynor
Jeffrey P
JP
Jacobs
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006276:Health Facility Size / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012306:Risk; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States