Disparities in the initial presentation of differentiated thyroid cancer in a large public hospital and adjoining university teaching hospital.
BACKGROUND
Healthcare disparities associated with insurance and socioeconomic status have been well characterized for several malignancies, such as lung cancer. To assess whether there are healthcare disparities in thyroid cancer, this study evaluated the stage on initial presentation of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in a public versus university teaching hospital.


METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with a new diagnosis of DTC from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2010, in a large public and adjoining university teaching hospital at a single academic medical center. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, pathology, and American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis stage at initial presentation.


RESULTS
There were 49 cases of well-DTC (96% papillary and 4% Hürthle) in the public hospital and 370 cases (95% papillary, 2% Hürthle, and 3% follicular) in the university teaching hospital. Median age (years) at presentation was 50 in the public versus 48 in the university teaching hospital (p=0.39). Ninety-six percent of public hospital patients were from ethnic minorities compared with 16% of university teaching hospital patients (p<0.0001). Only 1 (2%) public hospital patient had private insurance compared with 85% of university teaching hospital patients. Tumor status (p=0.002) and stage (p=0.03) were more advanced and extrathyroidal extension (p=0.02) was more prevalent among public hospital patients compared with university teaching hospital patients. In a multivariable analysis, public hospital, male gender, increasing age, advanced tumor status, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion were the best predictors of more advanced disease stage. Public hospital patients were 3.4 times more likely to present with advanced DTC than university teaching hospital patients of the same age, gender, tumor status, and lymphovascular invasion status (95% confidence interval 1.29-8.95).


CONCLUSIONS
In a public hospital, where the patient population is defined primarily by insurance status, patients were more likely to present with advanced-stage DTC than patients presenting to an adjacent university teaching hospital. These results suggest a disparity in the stage on initial presentation of DTC, possibly resulting in a delayed diagnosis of cancer.
Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York 10016, USA.
Irene Isabel Payad
II
Lim
Tsivia
T
Hochman
Sheila Nafula
SN
Blumberg
Kepal Narendra
KN
Patel
Keith Stuart
KS
Heller
Jennifer Braemar
JB
Ogilvie
D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009519:New York City; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*