On a Cercopithifilaria sp. transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus: a neglected, but widespread filarioid of dogs.
BACKGROUND
This study was aimed at investigating the distribution of a Cercopithifilaria sp. sensu Otranto et al., 2011 with dermal microfilariae recently identified in a dog from Sicily (Italy). A large epidemiological survey was conducted by examining skin samples (n = 917) and ticks (n = 890) collected from dogs at different time points in Italy, central Spain and eastern Greece.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of Cercopithifilaria sp. in the sampled animal populations was 13.9% and 10.5% by microscopy of skin sediments and by PCR on skin samples, respectively. Up to 21.6% and 45.5% of dogs in Spain were positive by microscopical examination and by PCR. Cumulative incidence rates ranging from 7.7% to 13.9% were estimated in dogs from two sites in Italy. A low level of agreement between the two diagnostic tests (microscopical examination and PCR) was recorded in sites where samples were processed in parallel. Infestation rate as determined by tick dissection (from 5.2% to 16.7%) was higher than that detected by PCR (from 0% to 3.9%); tick infestation was significantly associated with Cercopithifilaria sp. infestation in dogs from two out of four sites. Developing larvae found in ticks were morphometrically studied and as many as 1469 larvae were found in a single tick.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that, in addition to the most common species of filarioids known to infest dogs (i.e., Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum), Cercopithifilaria sp. with dermal microfilariae should be considered due to its widespread distribution in southern Europe and high frequency in tick-exposed dogs.
Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, BA, Italy. d.otranto@veterinaria.uniba.it
Domenico
D
Otranto
Emanuele
E
Brianti
Maria Stefania
MS
Latrofa
Giada
G
Annoscia
Stefania
S
Weigl
Riccardo Paolo
RP
Lia
Gabriella
G
Gaglio
Ettore
E
Napoli
Salvatore
S
Giannetto
Elias
E
Papadopoulos
Guadalupe
G
Mirò
Filipe
F
Dantas-Torres
Odile
O
Bain
D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005368:Filariasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D005370:Filarioidea / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000469:parasitology*