Five-factor model personality disorder prototypes in a community sample: self- and informant-reports predicting interview-based DSM diagnoses.
The need for an empirically validated, dimensional system of personality disorders is becoming increasingly apparent. While a number of systems have been investigated in this regard, the five-factor model of personality has demonstrated the ability to adequately capture personality pathology. In particular, the personality disorder prototypes developed by Lynam and Widiger (2001) have been tested in a number of samples. The goal of the present study is to extend this literature by validating the prototypes in a large, representative community sample of later middle-aged adults using both self and informant reports. We found that the prototypes largely work well in this age group. Schizoid, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Avoidant personality disorders demonstrate good convergent validity, with a particularly strong pattern of discriminant validity for the latter four. Informant-reported prototypes show similar patterns to self reports for all analyses. This demonstrates that informants are not succumbing to halo representations of the participants, but are rather describing participants in nuanced ways. It is important that informant reports add significant predictive validity for Schizoid, Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic personality disorders. Implications of our results and directions for future research are discussed.
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Erin M
EM
Lawton
Andrew J
AJ
Shields
Thomas F
TF
Oltmanns
D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010551:Personality / Q000145:classification*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data