A randomized-controlled trial of intensive case management emphasizing the recovery model among patients with severe and enduring mental illness.
BACKGROUND
There is increasing interest in the application of recovery principles in mental health services.


OBJECTIVE
We studied the implementation of a programme of intensive case management (ICM) emphasizing recovery principles in a community mental health service in Ireland.


METHODS
Eighty service attenders with severe and enduring illness characterized by significant ongoing disability were randomized into (1) a group receiving a programme of ICM and (2) a group receiving treatment as usual (TAU). Groups were compared before and after the programme for general psychopathology using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (clinician rated) and How are You? scale (self-rated). The Functional Analysis of Care Environments (FACE) scale provided assessment of multiple functional domains.


RESULTS
The overall group (mean age 44.5 ± 13.2 years; 60% male) had mean total Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) scale scores of 10.5 ± 4.6, with problems in social functioning especially prominent (mean social subscale score 5.0 ± 2.7). The ICM group were younger (p < 0.01) with higher baseline scores on the HoNOS social subscale and BPRS (p < 0.05). An analysis of covariance, controlling for these baseline differences, indicated greater improvement in BPRS scores (p = 0.001), How are You? scores (p = 0.02) and FACE domains for cognition, symptoms and interpersonal relationships (all p < 0.001) in the ICM group. The ICM group underwent greater changes in structured daily activities that were linked to improved BPRS scores (p = 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
A programme of ICM emphasizing recovery principles resulted in significant improvement across psychopathological and functional domains. Improvements were linked to enhanced engagement with structured daily activities. Recovery-oriented practices can be integrated into existing mental health services and provided alongside traditional models of care.
St Anne's Day Hospital, Roxboro Rd, Limerick, Ireland.
S
S
O'Brien
J
J
McFarland
B
B
Kealy
A
A
Pullela
J
J
Saunders
W
W
Cullen
D
D
Meagher
D000328:Adult; D019090:Case Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome