Some aspects of social exclusion: do they influence suicide mortality?
BACKGROUND
The current study is aimed to assess the relationship between the 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions of social exclusion and suicide mortality in Europe.


METHODS
Suicide rates for 26 countries were obtained from the WHO. Data on social expenditure were obtained from the OECD database. Employment rates and GDP were obtained from the Total Economy Database. Questions about citizens' attitudes towards different aspects of social exclusion were taken from the European Social Survey. Structural equation modelling was applied to research the theoretical structure of the variables.


RESULTS
All variables are statistically significant in male and female models except of the relationships between 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions and female suicides; and the relationship between 'employment rates' and 'economic/employment' dimension. Suicide mortality rates among both males and females are influenced negatively by 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions. Among females, the influence of 'social/welfare' dimension is stronger compared to the 'economic/employment' dimension. The remaining influence of GDP is positive in both models.


CONCLUSIONS
Both 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions of social exclusion significantly influence suicide mortality among males. The influence of 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions of social exclusion on female suicide mortality is controversial. Social exclusion might be considered as a risk factor for suicide mortality in Europe.
Tallinn University, Estonia. aeyuryev@gmail.com
Andriy
A
Yur'yev
Peeter
P
Värnik
Merike
M
Sisask
Lauri
L
Leppik
Kaur
K
Lumiste
Airi
A
Värnik
D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012946:Social Welfare / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*