Roles of histamine in exercise-induced fatigue: favouring endurance and protecting against exhaustion.
Exercise necessitates a large supply of O(2) and nutrients and rapid removal of CO(2) and waste products. Histamine is a regulator of the microcirculation (which performs these exchanges), suggesting a possible involvement of histamine in exercise. Histamine is released from either mast cells or non-mast cells. In the latter, histamine is newly formed via the induction of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in response to an appropriate stimulus, and it is released without being stored. Here, in mice, we examined the role of histamine or HDC induction in exercise. Prolonged walking (PW) (in a cylindrical cage turned electrically) increased HDC mRNA and HDC activity in quadriceps femoris muscles. Mice given a histamine H1-receptor antagonist [fexofenadine (peripherally acting) or pyrilamine (peripherally and centrally acting)] or an irreversible HDC inhibitor (α-fluoromethylhistidine) displayed less PW endurance than control mice. Ranitidine (H2-receptor antagonist) tended to reduce endurance. Other histamine-receptor (H3 and H4) antagonists had no significant effects on endurance. Mice deficient in HDC or histamine H1-receptors displayed markedly less endurance than control mice, and HDC activity in the quadriceps femoris of H1-deficient mice was rapidly elevated by PW. Fexofenadine significantly reduced the muscle levels of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and glycogen after PW. The results support the ideas that (i) histamine is involved in protecting against exercise-induced fatigue or exhaustion, (ii) histamine exerts its protective effect via H1 receptors and the ensuing production of NO in skeletal muscle, and (iii) histamine is provided, at least in part, by HDC induction in skeletal muscles during prolonged exercise.
Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4–4–1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981–8558, Japan. niijima@tohoku-pharm.ac.jp
Fukie
F
Niijima-Yaoita
Masahiro
M
Tsuchiya
Hiroshi
H
Ohtsu
Kazuhiko
K
Yanai
Shunji
S
Sugawara
Yasuo
Y
Endo
Takeshi
T
Tadano
D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008762:Methylhistidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D008762:Methylhistidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C028309:alpha-fluoromethylhistidine; D006632:Histamine; D011899:Ranitidine; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase