Physiological and affective reactivity to a 35% CO₂ inhalation challenge in individuals differing in the 5-HTTLPR genotype and trait neuroticism.
The inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO₂) results in an acute stress response in healthy individuals and may accordingly provide a good paradigm to examine potential vulnerability factors for stress reactivity and stress-related psychopathology. It has been proposed that CO₂ reactivity is moderated by genetic (5-HTTLPR) and personality (neuroticism) factors, yet no experimental study has investigated their effects on CO₂ reactivity simultaneously. The current study examined the singular and interactive effects of the 5-HTTLPR genotype and neuroticism in predicting the affective and physiological response to a 35% CO₂ challenge in a healthy sample of male and female students. From a large group of 771 students, 48 carriers of the low/low expressing allele (S/S, S/Lg, Lg/Lg) and 48 carriers of the high/high expressing allele (La/La) with the lowest and the highest neuroticism scores (77 females, 19 males; mean age ± SD: 20.6 ± 2 years) were selected and underwent a 35% CO₂ inhalation. Visual analogue scales for anxiety and discomfort and the Panic Symptom List were used to assess affective symptomatology, while salivary samples and heart rate were assessed to establish the physiological response. A typical pattern of responses to CO₂ was observed, characterised by increases in anxiogenic symptoms and physical panic symptomatology and a reduction in heart rate; however, no effect on salivary cortisol concentration was observed. Additionally, the CO₂ reactivity did not differ between groups divided by the 5-HTTLPR genotype or neuroticism. Findings of the current study do not support a role for singular or interactive effects of the 5-HTTLPR genotype and trait neuroticism on affective and physiological reactivity to a 35% CO₂ inhalation procedure.
Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ellen
E
Verschoor
C Rob
CR
Markus
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000506:poisoning*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D000075384:Neuroticism; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006854:Hydrocortisone