Influence of maternal hyperglycemia on IL-10 and TNF-α production: the relationship with perinatal outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to evaluate maternal and placental concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in pregnant women with glycemic mean (GM) < or ≥100 mg/dL, as well as correlate IL-10 and TNF-α placental concentrations with perinatal outcomes.


METHODS
One hundred eighty-six pregnant women were distributed in groups determined by a GM <100 mg/dL or a GM ≥100 mg/dL. The GM, HbA1c levels, maternal and placental concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-α, and the correlation of placental cytokines with perinatal outcomes were evaluated.


RESULTS
In maternal blood, the lowest concentrations of IL-10 (p = 0.0019) and TNF-α (p = 0.0185) were observed in the GM ≥100-mg/dL group. The placentas from GM ≥100 mg/dL group exhibited higher TNF-α concentrations (p = 0.0385). Placental IL-10 directly correlated with hemoglobin (r = 0.63; p = 0.02) and insulin (r = 0.78; p = 0.01) levels in the umbilical cord and with 1-min (r = 0.53; p = 0.0095) and 5-min (r = 0.69; p = 0.0003) Apgar scores. Placental TNF-α displayed a tendency to inversely correlate with fetal weight (r = -0.41; p = 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Compared to GM <100 mg/dL, GM ≥100 mg/dL was associated with a reduction in maternal IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations and increased placental TNF-α production. Placental IL-10 production was similar in both groups studied and directly correlated with hemoglobin and umbilical cord insulin levels, as well as with the 1- and 5-min Apgar scores.
Post-graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
Jusciele Brogin
JB
Moreli
Glilciane
G
Morceli
Ana Karina C
AK
De Luca
Claudia G
CG
Magalhães
Roberto A A
RA
Costa
Débora Cristina
DC
Damasceno
Marilza Vieira Cunha
MV
Rudge
Iracema Mattos Paranhos
IM
Calderon
D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000276:immunology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
D007328:Insulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010100:Oxygen