Anticoagulation control of pharmacist-managed collaborative care versus usual care in Thailand.
OBJECTIVE
There has been a lack of evidence of the effects of pharmacist-managed warfarin therapy (PMWT) in developing countries (e.g. Southeast Asian countries) where the patients' characteristics, genetic make-up, clinical practice and healthcare system are different from the Western world. This study aimed to compare the anticoagulation control and clinical outcomes associated with warfarin therapy provided by PMWT to usual care (UC) in the Thai population.


METHODS
A 1,000-bed tertiary-care hospital in Nakornratchasima province of Thailand.


METHODS
A quasi-experimental study comparing PMWT and UC in patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy. For PMWT group, clinical pharmacists optimised the warfarin therapy and suggested recommendations (e.g. dose adjustment, safer alternative drugs, and follow-up time) to physicians. The UC group received the standard care.


METHODS
Time in therapeutic range (TTR), both actual- and expanded-TTR, bleeding and thromboembolic complications, and physician' acceptance of pharmacist suggestions.


RESULTS
Of 433 patients enrolled, 220 and 213 were in the PMWT and UC groups respectively. At baseline, patient's characteristics of both groups were comparable. At the end of follow-up period, patients in the PMWT group had significantly higher actual-TTR (48.3% vs. 40.1%; P < 0.001) and expanded-TTR (62.7% vs. 53.9%; P < 0.001) compared to those in the UC group. Rates of major bleeding were 4.4 vs 4.5 events per 100 person-years for the PMWT and UC groups, respectively. Pharmacists performed 284 interventions with an acceptance rate of 80.3% from physicians.


CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacist-managed warfarin therapy resulted in a significantly better anticoagulation control. This study showed that a collaborative approach in anticoagulation management can be successfully implemented in a developing country. Implementation of such care model in other developing countries should be considered.
Clinical Epidemiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Surasak
S
Saokaew
Ubonwan
U
Sapoo
Surakit
S
Nathisuwan
Nathorn
N
Chaiyakunapruk
Unchalee
U
Permsuwan
D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005791:Patient Care / Q000379:methods*; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013785:Thailand; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin