Characteristics of x-ray beams in two commercial multidetector computed tomography simulators: Monte Carlo simulations.
OBJECTIVE
As multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning is routinely performed for treatment planning in radiation oncology, understanding the characteristics of the MDCT x-ray beam is essential to accurately estimate patient dose. The purpose of this study is to characterize the x-ray beams of two commercial MDCT simulators widely used in radiation oncology by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.


METHODS
X-ray tube systems of two wide bore MDCT scanners (GE LightSpeed RT 4 and Philips Brilliance Big Bore) were modeled in the BEAMNRC/EGSNRC MC system. All the tube components were modeled from targets to bowtie filters. To validate our MC models, the authors measured half-value layers (HVL) using aluminum sheets and multifunctional radiation detectors and compared them to those obtained from MC simulations for 120 kVp beams. The authors also compared x-ray spectra obtained from MC simulation to the data provided by manufacturers. Additionally, lateral/axial beam profiles were measured in-air using radiochromic films and compared to the MC results. To understand the scatter effect, the authors also derived the scatter-to-primary energy fluence ratio (SPR) profiles and calculated the total SPR for each CT system with the CT dose index (CTDI) head and body phantoms using the BEAMNRC system.


RESULTS
The authors found that the HVL, x-ray spectrum and beam profiles of the MC simulations agreed well with the manufacturer-specified data within 1%-10% on average for both scanners. The total SPR were ranged from 7.8 to 13.7% for the head phantom and from 10.7 to 18.9% for the body phantom.


CONCLUSIONS
The authors demonstrate the full MC simulations of two commercial MDCT simulators to characterize their x-ray beams. This study may be useful to establish a patient-specific dosimetry for the MDCT systems.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. skim4@hfhs.org
Sangroh
S
Kim
Haijun
H
Song
Benjamin
B
Movsas
Indrin J
IJ
Chetty
D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008027:Light; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*