Underreporting of energy intake in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the reported energy intake (EI(rep)) in hemodialysis (HD) patients by total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by a dedicated device.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
RenalCor and RenalVida Clinics (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).


METHODS
Forty-eight HD patients (51.4 ± 12.2 years, 62% men, body mass index [BMI], 23.8 ± 4.5 kg/m(2)) were studied.


METHODS
EI(rep) was evaluated using a 3-day food record. TEE was measured over a 2-day period by SWA (SenseWear Pro2 Armband, BodyMedia Inc., Pittsburgh, PA). Subjects were identified as underreporters (URs), acceptable reporters (ARs), or overreporters (ORs) from their EI(rep)/TEE ratio. ARs were defined as having the EI(rep)/TEE ratio in the range of 0.76 to 1.24, URs as EI(rep)/TEE <0.76, ORs as EI(rep)/TEE >1.24 according to Goldberg index.


RESULTS
The mean TEE and EI(rep) were 34.7 ± 9.4 kcal/kg/day and 22.8 ± 10.6 kcal/kg/day, respectively, and 37.5% of patients presented overweight or obesity. Thirty-one patients (65%) were identified as URs, and the mean of Goldberg index was 0.54 ± 0.12 (0.23 to 0.75), versus 0.95 ± 0.12 (0.79 to 1.2) for ARs. There were no ORs among the patients studied. There were negative correlations between Goldberg index and BMI (r = -0.35, P < .01) and % body fat (r = -0.4, P < .01) and between EI(rep) and BMI (r = -0.58, P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm a high prevalence of underreporting of EI in HD patients, particularly in patients with high BMI.
Medical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil. dmafra@terra.com.br
Denise
D
Mafra
Cristiane
C
Moraes
Viviane O
VO
Leal
Najla E
NE
Farage
Milena B
MB
Stockler-Pinto
Denis
D
Fouque
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D006435:Renal Dialysis