Allergic contact dermatitis to plants: understanding the chemistry will help our diagnostic approach.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to plants is common. Potentially allergenic plants and plant products are found in many everyday environments, such as the home, the garden, the workplace, and recreational settings. By improving our knowledge of allergenic plant-derived chemical compounds, we will be better positioned to identify novel allergens. We review the most relevant chemical allergens that contribute to plant allergic contact dermatitis and propose a clinical classification system based on 5 major families of chemical sensitizers: α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones, quinones, phenol derivatives, terpenes, and miscellaneous structures (disulfides, isothiocyanates, and polyacetylenic derivates). We also describe the different clinical pictures of plant allergic contact dermatitis and review currently available patch test materials. A better understanding of the specific allergens involved in plant allergic contact dermatitis will help to predict cross-reactivity between different plant species or families.
Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar. Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain. docrozas@yahoo.com
E
E
Rozas-Muñoz
J P
JP
Lepoittevin
R M
RM
Pujol
A
A
Giménez-Arnau
D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D003429:Cross Reactions; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010328:Patch Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D011809:Quinones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013729:Terpenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
D000485:Allergens; D010636:Phenols; D011809:Quinones; D013729:Terpenes; C014096:alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone; D015107:4-Butyrolactone