Contact lens physical properties and lipid deposition in a novel characterized artificial tear solution.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize various properties of a physiologically-relevant artificial tear solution (ATS) containing a range of tear film components within a complex salt solution, and to measure contact lens parameters and lipid deposition of a variety of contact lens materials after incubation in this ATS.


METHODS
A complex ATS was developed that contains a range of salts, proteins, lipids, mucin, and other tear film constituents in tear-film relevant concentrations. This ATS was tested to confirm that its pH, osmolality, surface tension, and homogeneity are similar to human tears and remain so throughout the material incubation process, for up to 4 weeks. To confirm that silicone hydrogel and conventional hydrogel contact lens materials do not alter in physical characteristics beyond what is allowed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 18369-2. The diameter, center thickness, and calculated base curve were measured for five different lens materials directly out of the blister pack, after a rinse in saline and then following a two week incubation in the modified ATS. To test the ATS and the effect of its composition on lipid deposition, two lens materials were incubated in the ATS and a modified version for several time points. Both ATS solutions contained trace amounts of carbon-14 cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, such that deposition of these specific lipids could be quantified using standard methods.


RESULTS
This ATS is a complex mixture that remains stable at physiologically relevant pH (7.3-7.6), osmolality (304-306 mmol/kg), surface tension (40-46 dynes/cm) and homogeneity over an incubation period of three weeks or more. The physical parameters of the lenses tested showed no changes beyond that allowed by the ISO guidelines. Incubations with the ATS found that balafilcon A lenses deposit significantly more cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine than omafilcon A lenses (p<0.05) and that removing lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G from the ATS can significantly decrease the mass of lipid deposited.


CONCLUSIONS
This paper describes a novel complex artificial tear solution specially designed for in-vial incubation of contact lens materials. This solution was stable and did not adversely affect the physical parameters of the soft contact lenses incubated within it and showed that lipid deposition was responsive to changes in ATS composition.
Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. hmelchin@scimail.uwaterloo.ca
Holly
H
Lorentz
Miriam
M
Heynen
Lise M M
LM
Kay
Claudia Yvette
CY
Dominici
Warda
W
Khan
Wendy W S
WW
Ng
Lyndon
L
Jones
D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002784:Cholesterol; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry*; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007781:Lactoferrin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D012828:Silicones; D012996:Solutions; D013500:Surface Tension
D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D020100:Hydrogels; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D012828:Silicones; D012996:Solutions; D002784:Cholesterol; D007781:Lactoferrin