Development of a multiplex PCR for identification of vineyard mealybugs.
A simple molecular tool was developed and tested to identify seven mealybug species found in North American vineyards: Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrhorn, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzeti), Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell), Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Planococcus citri (Risso), and Ferrisia gilli Gullan. The developed multiplex PCR is based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene. In tests, this single-step multiplex PCR correctly identified 95 of 95 mealybug samples, representing all seven species and collected from diverse geographic regions. To test the sensitivity, single specimen samples with different Pl. ficus developmental stages (egg to adult female and adult male) were processed PCR and the resulting output provided consistent positive identification. To test the utility of this protocol for adult males caught in sex baited pheromone traps, Pl. ficus adult males were placed in pheromone traps, aged at a constant temperature of 26±2°C, and processed with the multiplex each day thereafter for 8 d. Results showed consistent positive identification for up to 6 d (range, 6-8 d). Results are discussed with respect to the usefulness of this molecular tool for the identification of mealybugs in pest management programs and biosecurity of invasive mealybugs.
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA. daane@uckac.edu
Kent M
KM
Daane
Mathew C
MC
Middleton
René
R
Sforza
Monica L
ML
Cooper
Vaughn M
VM
Walton
Douglas B
DB
Walsh
Tania
T
Zaviezo
Rodrigo P P
RP
Almeida
D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D009656:North America; D009758:Nymph / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D058643:Planococcus Insect / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis
D019476:Insect Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV