Nonmotor manifestations in Parkinson disease.
BACKGROUND
Although the diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) still relies mainly on the appearance of its classical motor features of resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, nonmotor manifestations in PD are now recognized as an integral component of this multisystem disorder.


RESULTS
Nonmotor complications in PD occur commonly. The current understanding of cognitive dysfunction; neuropsychiatric manifestations including psychosis, impulsive control, and compulsive disorders, depression, anxiety and apathy; autonomic complications such as hypotension, erectile dysfunction, and urinary complications; sleep disorders and other nonmotor manifestations are summarized in this review.


CONCLUSIONS
Nonmotor complications often carry a greater impact than motor features in PD. Therefore, heightened awareness and proper recognition of these features are critical in improving a Parkinson patient's quality of life.
Neurologo Clinico, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia.
Oscar
O
Bernal-Pacheco
Natlada
N
Limotai
Criscely L
CL
Go
Hubert H
HH
Fernandez
D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*