Cocaine use during pregnancy assessed by hair analysis in a Canary Islands cohort.
BACKGROUND
Drug use during pregnancy is difficult to ascertain, and maternal reports are likely to be inaccurate. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of illicit drug use among pregnant women by using maternal hair analysis.


METHODS
A toxicological analysis of hair was used to detect chronic recreational drug use during pregnancy. In 2007, 347 mother-infant dyads were included from the Hospital La Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). Data on socioeconomic characteristics and on substance misuse during pregnancy were collected using a structured questionnaire. Drugs of abuse: opiates, cocaine, cannabinoids and amphetamines were detected in maternal hair by immunoassay followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for confirmation and quantitation.


RESULTS
Hair analysis revealed 2.6% positivity for cocaine and its metabolites. Use of cocaine during pregnancy was associated with unusual behaviour with potentially harmful effects on the baby.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study demonstrate significant cocaine use by pregnant women in Canary Islands. The data should be used for the purpose of preventive health and policy strategies aimed to detect and possibly to avoid in the future prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse.
Unitat de Recerca Infància i Entorn, Institut de Recerca Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain. 90458@imas.imim.es
Xavier
X
Joya
Mario
M
Gomez-Culebras
Alicia
A
Callejón
Bibiana
B
Friguls
Carme
C
Puig
Sandra
S
Ortigosa
Luca
L
Morini
Oscar
O
Garcia-Algar
Oriol
O
Vall
D000328:Adult; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D013030:Spain; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003042:Cocaine