Dose-dependent acute effects of passive smoking on left ventricular cardiac functions in healthy volunteers.
OBJECTIVE
We have previously shown that acute passive smoking impaired left ventricular diastolic function in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to determine whether length of exposure and/or ambient smoke concentration is the key determinant of this outcome.


METHODS
We measured blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)and lactate level to investigate the acute effects of passive smoking on tissue oxygenation. A total of 90 healthy nonsmoker volunteers were prospectively enrolled into the study. Each of 30 subjects were exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) less than 5.0 ppm smoke in group A for 30 minutes, to CO 5 to 10 ppm smoke in group B for 30 minutes, and to CO less than 5.0 ppm smoke in group C for 60 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained, blood samples for measuring COHb and lactate levels were taken and echocardiographic examinations were performed at baseline and after exposure to passive smoking.


RESULTS
Mean ± SD CO levels in groups A, B, and C were 4.2 ± 0.5 ppm, 9.2 ± 0.3 ppm, and 4.1 ± 0.8 ppm, respectively. There was no change in left ventricular systolic functions in all groups. Left ventricular diastolic functions were impaired in groups B and C, whereas no change was observed in group A. Carboxyhemoglobin and lactate levels increased after passive smoking in groups B and C. However, group B had significantly higher COHb and lactate levels compared to group C (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggested that passive smoking at a certain dose in relation with length of exposure and ambient smoke concentration seems to cause relative left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
Department of Cardiology, Sorgun State Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey. drmikailyar@gmail.com
Mikail
M
Yarlioglues
Mehmet Gungor
MG
Kaya
Idris
I
Ardic
Orhan
O
Dogdu
Hatice
H
Yarlioglues
Cemil
C
Zencir
Mehtap
M
Ozdogru
Mahmut
M
Akpek
Haci Ahmet
HA
Kasapkara
Bahadir
B
Sarli
Mustafa
M
Duran
Ali
A
Dogan
Ibrahim
I
Ozdogru
Abdurrahman
A
Oguzhan
D000328:Adult; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin