Failure of nebulized irritant, acidic, or hypotonic solutions or external mechanical stimulation of the trachea to consistently induce coughing in healthy, awake dogs.
A useful approach for evaluating antitussive drugs in humans is to determine the sensitivity of the cough reflex to a standard challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine if methods used to induce coughing in humans would be effective when used on awake, untrained, healthy dogs for future application in therapeutic trials involving dogs with spontaneous disease. Methods tested were: mechanically stimulating the trachea by digital compression as well as by vibration from an electric shaver, neck massager, and palm sander (11 dogs), and administering nebulized irritant (3000 μM capsaicin), acidic (1 M citric acid), and hypotonic (deionized water) solutions using face masks (4 dogs). The threshold for success was defined as induction of at least 2 moderate or strong coughs in at least 75% of the dogs. None of the methods tested was successful. Digital compression induced soft (n = 2) or moderate (n = 1) coughing in 3 of 11 dogs tested. Nebulization of citric acid induced 1 soft cough in 1 of 4 dogs. It was concluded that coughing cannot be successfully induced in awake, healthy dogs using methods that are successful in humans. Other strategies must be developed so that cough sensitivity can be objectively and non-invasively measured in dogs for clinical research purposes.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.
Tonya E
TE
Boyle
Eleanor C
EC
Hawkins
Jennifer L
JL
Davis
Ian D
ID
Robertson
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007509:Irritants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007509:Irritants; D014867:Water; D019343:Citric Acid; D002211:Capsaicin