Regular maternal exercise dose and fetal heart outcome.
OBJECTIVE
Our previous research found lower fetal HR and increased HR variability (HRV) in women who exercised during pregnancy. This finding is similar to the adult heart training response at rest due to aerobic exercise. Dose-response associations have been found between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether there is a dose-response relationship between maternal physical activity and fetal HR, HRV, and sympathovagal balance.


METHODS
Pregnant women completed a physical activity questionnaire and magnetocardiogram (magnetic correlate to ECG) recordings at 36-wk gestational age. Women reported the duration, intensity, and frequency of each activity for each month of pregnancy as well as 3 months before pregnancy. These values were used to calculate maternal physical activity measures for each participant. Relationships between fetal HR, HRV, and sympathovagal balance at 36-wk gestational age and maternal physical activity (n = 50 pairs) during the third trimester were assessed by Spearman correlations. Regression analysis was performed to further examine these relationships after controlling for maternal and fetal covariates (maternal age, maternal resting HR, maternal weight gain, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and fetal activity state).


RESULTS
The regression analyses showed that maternal physical activity intensity (kcal·min(-1)) was negatively associated with HR in the active fetal state (P < 0.05), and physical activity duration (minutes during the third trimester) was positively associated with fetal HRV (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant relationships with maternal physical activity on measures of fetal sympathovagal balance.


CONCLUSIONS
Maternal physical activity dose during the third trimester is associated with resting fetal heart effects similar to a trained response. Future studies on the health benefits of this fetal response are highly warranted.
Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA. lmay@kcumb.edu
Linda E
LE
May
Richard R
RR
Suminski
Michelle D
MD
Langaker
Hung-Wen
HW
Yeh
Kathleen M
KM
Gustafson
D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires