The microbiologic safety of umbilical cord blood transfusion for children with severe anemia in Mombasa, Kenya.
BACKGROUND
Severe anemia requiring blood transfusion is common in hospitalized young children in sub-Saharan Africa but blood is often in short supply. Umbilical cord blood may be a useful source of blood if microbiologic safety concerns can be addressed.


METHODS
Cord blood, donated on the labor ward at the provincial hospital in Mombasa, was cultured soon after collection (screening culture) and after a period of storage (poststorage culture). Conventional blood transfused to children at the hospital was cultured only at the time of issue (poststorage culture). Maternal sera (cord blood) and conventional blood donations were also screened for transfusion-transmitted infection.


RESULTS
At poststorage culture, the overall contamination rate of cord blood was one-third that of conventional blood (13/449 vs. 38/434; odds ratio [OR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.61) and for bacteria of high pathogenic potential it was half that of conventional blood (4/449 vs. 7/434; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.12-2.18). Screening cultures were positive in 50% (2/4) of cord blood packs where an organism of high pathogenic potential was isolated at poststorage culture. Cord blood donors had a lower seroreactivity than conventional donors for human immunodeficiency virus (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.29-1.18), hepatitis B virus (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16-0.59), and hepatitis C virus (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.24-0.76). For syphilis, initial seroreactivity in cord blood donors was 3.8% compared to 1.8% in conventional blood donors (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.15-3.60) but was 0.5% after retesting.


CONCLUSIONS
With respect to bacterial contamination and seroreactivity for transfusion-transmitted infection, the safety of cord blood in Mombasa compares favorably with conventional blood. Clinical trials of cord blood transfusion are justified.
Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya. ohassall@gmail.com
Oliver W
OW
Hassall
Johnstone
J
Thitiri
Greg
G
Fegan
Lewa
L
Pole
Salim
S
Mwarumba
Douglas
D
Denje
Kongo
K
Wambua
Brett
B
Lowe
Christopher M
CM
Parry
Kishor
K
Mandaliya
Kathryn
K
Maitland
Imelda
I
Bates
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001793:Blood Preservation; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D006678:HIV; D016174:Hepacivirus; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D012449:Safety