Malnutrition may affect common sole (Solea solea L.) growth, pigmentation and stress response: molecular, biochemical and histological implications.
In the last decades there have been several evidences that traditionally used live preys like rotifers and Artemia salina have nutritional deficiencies that result in a general decrease of fish health, causing anomalies in the development, in growth and in pigmentation. In this study a partial of total replacement of traditional live preys with preserved copepods that represent the natural food of the larvae was evaluated during Solea solea culture. In this study a positive effect of co-feeding preserved copepods in sole larviculture was observed since larvae fed this diet growth and survived better, showed a better tolerance to captive conditions and had a better response to the final thermal/density stress-test with respect to larvae fed a traditional diet. Morphometric data were fully supported by molecular and biochemical ones. Moreover, liver histological investigations, revealed that the inclusion of preserved copepods in the larval diet was able to improve lipid assimilation. In conclusion, preserved copepods may be considered a suitable food for sole when used as a supplement to the traditional diet based on rotifers and Artemia nauplii.
Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Chiara Carla
CC
Piccinetti
Licia Aida
LA
Ricci
Nils
N
Tokle
Giuseppe
G
Radaelli
Francesco
F
Pascoli
Lina
L
Cossignani
Francesco
F
Palermo
Gilberto
G
Mosconi
Valentina
V
Nozzi
Francesco
F
Raccanello
Ike
I
Olivotto
D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia; D033342:Copepoda; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000097:blood / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010858:Pigmentation; D012403:Rotifera; D013312:Stress, Physiological
D006854:Hydrocortisone