11-deoxy prostaglandin F(2α), a thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, partially alleviates embryo crowding in Lpar3((-/-)) females.
OBJECTIVE
To determine cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoid signaling in alleviating embryo crowding in the Lpar3((-/-)) females.


METHODS
Experimental mouse model.


METHODS
Research laboratories.


METHODS
Wild-type, Lpar3((+/-)), and Lpar3((-/-)) mice.


METHODS
Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), cPGI (a stable analogue of PGI(2)), and 11-deoxy prostaglandin F(2α) (11-deoxy PGF(2α), a thromboxane A(2) receptor agonist) to preimplantation gestation day 3.5 Lpar3((-/-)) females.


METHODS
Implantation sites were detected by blue dye reaction and embryo spacing was determined by the distribution of the implantation sites along the uterine horns on gestation day 4.5; pregnancy outcome was measured by litter size at birth.


RESULTS
Administration of PGE(2) + cPGI on gestation day 3.5 Lpar3((-/-)) females restored on-time implantation but did not affect embryo spacing or the number of implantation sites detected on gestation day 4.5; PGE(2) + cPGI treatment increased litter size at birth. Administration of PGE(2) + cPGI + 11-deoxy PGF(2α) on gestation day 3.5 Lpar3((-/-)) females rescued on-time implantation, partially dispersed the clustered implantation sites normally observed in the Lpar3((-/-)) females, increased the number of implantation sites detected on gestation day 4.5, and increased litter size at birth.


CONCLUSIONS
The thromboxane A(2) receptor agonist 11-deoxy PGF(2α) can partially alleviate embryo crowding in the Lpar3((-/-)) females and embryo crowding likely contributes to reduced litter size in the Lpar3((-/-)) females.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ye@uga.edu
Xiaoqin
X
Ye
Honglu
H
Diao
Jerold
J
Chun
D000818:Animals; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D057507:Mice, 129 Strain; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011247:Pregnancy; D044062:Prostaglandins I / Q000494:pharmacology; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D044244:Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
D044062:Prostaglandins I; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; D044244:Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2; C011613:AY 24366; D015237:Dinoprost; D015232:Dinoprostone