You've come a long way: c-di-GMP signaling.
Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a common, bacterial second messenger that regulates diverse cellular processes in bacteria. Opposing activities of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) control c-di-GMP homeostasis in the cell. Many microbes have a large number of genes encoding DGCs and PDEs that are predicted to be part of c-di-GMP signaling networks. Other building blocks of these networks are c-di-GMP receptors which sense the cellular levels of the dinucleotide. C-di-GMP receptors form a more diverse family, including various transcription factors, PilZ domains, degenerate DGCs or PDEs, and riboswitches. Recent studies revealing the molecular basis of c-di-GMP signaling mechanisms enhanced our understanding of how this molecule controls downstream biological processes and how c-di-GMP signaling specificity is achieved.
Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. hs293@cornell.edu
Holger
H
Sondermann
Nicholas J
NJ
Shikuma
Fitnat H
FH
Yildiz
D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D058928:Riboswitch; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D058928:Riboswitch; C062025:bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP