Serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity predicts prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem, and there are few biomarkers for predicting prognosis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a potent immunoregulatory molecule, catalyzes the rate-limiting step of tryptophan (Trp) degradation in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. An increase in IDO activity determined by the serum Trp/Kyn ratio has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in cancers and bacteremia. In TB, however, there are no studies measuring serum IDO activity to determine its clinical significance. We evaluated serum IDO activity with 174 pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and 85 controls, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. IDO activity was estimated by calculating the serum Kyn-to-Trp ratio. PTB patients had significantly higher Kyn concentrations and IDO activity and significantly lower Trp concentrations (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively) than the controls. Of 174 PTB patients, 39 (22.4%) died. The patients who died had significantly higher concentrations of Kyn and significantly lower Trp concentrations, resulting in significantly higher IDO activity (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, serum IDO activity had the highest area under the curve (0.850), and this activity was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. These results suggest that serum IDO activity can be used as a novel prognostic marker in PTB.
Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
Yuzo
Y
Suzuki
Takafumi
T
Suda
Kazuhiro
K
Asada
Seiichi
S
Miwa
Masako
M
Suzuki
Michio
M
Fujie
Kazuki
K
Furuhashi
Yutaro
Y
Nakamura
Naoki
N
Inui
Toshihiro
T
Shirai
Hiroshi
H
Hayakawa
Hirotoshi
H
Nakamura
Kingo
K
Chida
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000097:blood*; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D044967:Serum / Q000201:enzymology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000032:analysis; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*
D015415:Biomarkers; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007737:Kynurenine; D014364:Tryptophan