A comparison of engagement strategies for encouraging outdoor walking.
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the effectiveness of enhanced cognitive awareness as a means of encouraging outdoor walking. An intervention using engagement-based strategies was compared with a more traditional walking intervention focused on developing and committing to a personalized walking schedule.


METHODS
117 adults were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments-Standard Care (schedule setting, commitment) or Engagement (awareness plans)-and asked to take at least 3, 30 minute outdoor walks each week for 2 weeks. During the study period, self-report and objective measures were used to collect data on walking behavior.


RESULTS
Individuals in both treatment conditions reported significant increases (P < .05) in walking behavior. Participants in both treatments failed to sustain these increases at a follow-up measure 4 weeks later. However, the Engagement condition was particularly effective for those individuals who had less prior experience maintaining a walking routine.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the findings suggest it may be beneficial to incorporate engagement-based strategies into existing walking interventions. Results of this study also raise the possibility that efforts to encourage cognitive awareness may make the outdoor walking experience more interesting and enjoyable.
School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jason
J
Duvall
D000054:Acceleration; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001364:Awareness; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult