Blunt adrenal gland trauma in the pediatric population.
A retrospective review of the literature was performed to determine the natural history, prevalence, prognosis and management of adrenal injury associated with blunt abdominal trauma in pediatric population. Blunt adrenal injury in children is uncommon, rarely isolated, and typically present as part of a multi organ trauma. Adrenal hemorrhage is being diagnosed more frequently since the emergence of computed tomography in modern emergency rooms. Obstetric birth trauma during vaginal delivery of a macrosomic fetus may result in neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. In children appear to be an incidental finding that resolves on follow-up imaging. Most of these injuries are self-limited and do not require intervention. The differential diagnosis of an adrenal neoplasm, especially in children with an isolated adrenal hemorrhage, must be considered. The presence of adrenal hemorrhage in the absence of a trauma history should alert to the possibility of pediatric inflicted injury.
Pediatric Surgery Department, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. stylroup@in.gr
Stylianos
S
Roupakias
Marinos
M
Papoutsakis
Paraskevi
P
Mitsakou
D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries*; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy