Ambient levels of air pollution induce clinical worsening of blepharitis.
BACKGROUND
Even though air pollutants exposure is associated with changes in the ocular surface and tear film, its relationship to the clinical course of blepharitis, a common eyelid disease, had not yet been investigated. Our objective was to investigate the correlation between air pollution and acute manifestations of blepharitis.


METHODS
We recorded all cases of changes in the eyelids and ocular surface, and rated clinical findings on a scale from zero (normal) to two (severe alterations). Daily values of carbon monoxide, particulate matter smaller than 10 μm in diameter and nitrogen dioxide concentrations and meteorological variables (temperature and relative humidity) in the vicinity of the medical service were obtained. Specific linear regression models for each outcome were constructed including pollutants as independent variables (single pollutant models). Temperature and humidity were included as confounding variables.


RESULTS
increases of 28.8 μg/m(3) in the concentration of particulate matter and 1.1 ppm in the concentration of CO were associated with increases in cases of blepharitis on the day of exposure (5 cases, 95% CI: 1-10 and 6 cases, 95% CI: 1-12, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to usual air pollutants concentrations present in large cities affects, in a consistent manner, the eyes of residents contributing to the increasing incidence of diseases of the eyelid margin.
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. femalerbi@terra.com.br
Fernando Korn
FK
Malerbi
Lourdes Conceição
LC
Martins
Paulo Hilário Nascimento
PH
Saldiva
Alfésio Luís Ferreira
AL
Braga
D000208:Acute Disease; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001762:Blepharitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001938:Brazil; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002947:Cities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014505:Urban Population
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide