Multi-locus genotyping of bottom fermenting yeasts by single nucleotide polymorphisms indicative of brewing characteristics.
Yeast plays a capital role in brewing fermentation and has a direct impact on flavor and aroma. For the evaluation of competent brewing strains during quality control or development of novel strains it is standard practice to perform fermentation tests, which are costly and time-consuming. Here, we have categorized DNA markers which enable to distinguish and to screen brewing strains more efficiently than ever before. Sequence analysis at 289 loci in the genomes of six bottom fermenting Saccharomyces pastorianus strains revealed that 30 loci contained single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By determining the nucleotide sequences at the SNP-loci in 26 other S. pastorianus strains and 20 strains of the top fermenting yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, almost all these strains could be discriminated solely on the basis of the SNPs. By comparing the fermentative phenotypes of these strains we found that some DNA markers showed a strong association with brewing characteristics, such as the production of ethyl acetate and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Therefore, the DNA markers we identified will facilitate quality control and the efficient development of brewing yeast strains.
Central Laboratories for Frontier Technology, KIRIN Holdings Company, Ltd., 1-13-5 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan. Shigehito_Ikushima@kirin.co.jp
Shigehito
S
Ikushima
Yoshiyuki
Y
Tateishi
Keiko
K
Kanai
Emiko
E
Shimada
Misa
M
Tanaka
Tatsuji
T
Ishiguro
Satoru
S
Mizutani
Osamu
O
Kobayashi
D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005285:Fermentation; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013045:Species Specificity
D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005819:Genetic Markers