Gene alterations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a mechanism of drug-resistance (review).
The most common therapeutic approach for many cancers is chemotherapy. However,             many patients relapse after treatment due to the development of chemoresistance.             Recently, targeted therapies represent novel approaches to destroy cancer cells.             The PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in the regulation             of cell growth. Dysregulated signaling of this pathway may be associated with             activating mutations of PI3K-related genes. Analyses of these mutations reveal             that they increase the PI3K signal, stimulate downstream Akt signaling, promote             growth factor-independent growth and increase cell invasion and metastasis. In             this review, we summarize the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway genetic alterations in cancer             and their potential clinical applications.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Sameh
S
Hafsi
Franca Maria
FM
Pezzino
Saverio
S
Candido
Giovanni
G
Ligresti
Demetrios A
DA
Spandidos
Zohra
Z
Soua
James A
JA
McCubrey
Salvatore
S
Travali
Massimo
M
Libra
D000818:Animals; D004351:Drug Resistance; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase