Formation of halogenated C-, N-DBPs from chlor(am)ination and UV irradiation of tyrosine in drinking water.
The formation of regulated and emerging halogenated carbonaceous (C-) and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) from the chlor(am)ination and UV irradiation of tyrosine (Tyr) was investigated. Increased chlorine contact time and/or Cl(2)/Tyr ratio increased the formation of most C-DBPs, with the exception of 4-chlorophenol, dichloroacetonitrile, and dichloroacetamideChloroform and dichloroacetic acid increased with increasing pH, dichloroacetonitrile first increased and then decreased, and other DBPs had maximum yields at pH 7 or 8. The addition of ammonia significantly reduced the formation of most C-DBPs but increased 4-chlorophenol, dichloroacetonitrile, dichloroacetamide, and trichloroacetonitrile yields for short prechlorination contact times before dosing ammonia. When UV irradiation and chlorination were performed simultaneously, the concentrations of the relatively stable C-DBPs increased, and the concentrations of dichloroacetonitrile, dichloroacetamide, and 4-chlorophenol decreased with increasing UV dose. This information was used to develop a mechanistic model for the formation of intermediate DBPs and end products from the interaction of disinfectants with tyrosine.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Wenhai
W
Chu
Naiyun
N
Gao
Stuart W
SW
Krasner
Michael R
MR
Templeton
Daqiang
D
Yin
D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
D004202:Disinfectants; D060766:Drinking Water; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014443:Tyrosine; D002244:Carbon