Intravenous sedation for implant surgery: midazolam, butorphanol, and dexmedetomidine versus midazolam, butorphanol, and propofol.
We compared the amnesic action, recovery process, and satisfaction of patients and surgeons after the use of 2 different sedation regimens for 40 patients undergoing scheduled implant surgery. Butorphanol, midazolam, dexmedetomidine (BMD) was administered to 20 patients who were maintained with continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine after the induction with butorphanol and midazolam, and butorphanol, midazolam, propofol (BMP) was administered to 20 patients who were maintained with continuous infusion of propofol after the induction with butorphanol and midazolam. To assess the amnesic action, the memory of local anesthesia, auditory memory, and visual memory were evaluated. The Trieger Dot Test (TDT) was applied during the recovery process. A questionnaire regarding the patient's feelings of the management of sedation was taken from each patient and was also filled out by the surgeon. The comparison between groups was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. No significant differences in the amnesic action and the TDT were noted. Both methods also satisfied the patients and surgeons, as determined by the questionnaire results. In conclusion, both sedation regimens are appropriate for implant surgery.
1  Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Fukushima, Japan.
Hiroyoshi
H
Kawaai
Shu
S
Tomita
Yoshihiro
Y
Nakaike
Steven
S
Ganzberg
Shinya
S
Yamazaki
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015921:Dental Implants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol