Prognosis of phrenic nerve injury following thoracic interventions: four new cases and a review.
BACKGROUND
Phrenic nerve lesion is a known complication of thoracic surgical intervention, but it is rarely described following thymectomy and lung surgery.


OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on thoracic intervention and phrenic nerve lesion and to describe four new cases, in which regular neurophysiological studies were performed.


METHODS
We reviewed the literature concerning phrenic nerve lesion after cardiac, lung and thymus surgical interventions. We described four cases of phrenic nerve lesion, three associated with thymectomy and one in lung surgery.


RESULTS
The review shows that cryogenic or thermal injuries during cardiac surgeries are associated with good prognosis. The information on the outcome of phrenic nerve lesion in thymectomy or lung surgery is insufficient. Our cases and this review suggest that phrenic lesion in the last two interventions are associated with a poor recovery.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggests that the prognosis of phrenic nerve lesion following thoracic intervention depends on the nature of the damage. Probably, in thymectomy and lung surgery, nerve stretch or laceration are involved, consequently the outcome is poorer in comparison with cardiac surgery, where cold lesion is more frequent. Neurophysiological tests give a direct, quantified and reliable assessment of nerve regeneration.
Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Monika
M
Ostrowska
Mamede
M
de Carvalho
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004568:Electrodiagnosis; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000150:complications; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013934:Thymectomy; D013945:Thymoma / Q000601:surgery; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery