Changes in the phenolic and lipophilic composition, in the enzyme inhibition and antiproliferative activity of Ficus carica L. cultivar Dottato fruits during maturation.
Fruits of Ficus carica cultivar Dottato from Italy were examined to assess how the stage of ripeness influences their chemical composition, antioxidant activity, pancreatic lipase inhibition and antiproliferative properties on C32 melanoma cells. Fruits of the first harvest (June) showed a major content in furanocoumarins and pyranocoumarins whereas the fruits collected in September showed the highest polyphenolic content (11.9 mg/g of dried material). The total 70% ethanol extracts were portioned between methanol/water and n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, successively. Coumarins and fatty acid esters were the most abundant components of the n-hexane fractions. The dichloromethane fractions showed as major components 2 furanocoumarins (rutarenin and pimpinellin). The total extracts of F. carica cv. Dottato exhibited a significant dose-dependent antiradical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity, particularly fruits of the first harvest (June) that showed the highest activity with IC50 of 1.64 mg/mL and 0.004 mg/mL, respectively. Among single fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction from the second harvest (July) showed the highest antiradical activity with an IC50 value of 0.05 mg/mL while the dichloromethane fraction showed the best inhibition of lipid peroxidation with an IC50 value of 0.02 mg/mL. Dichloromethane fractions showed the highest photodynamic cytotoxicity with an IC50<5 μg/mL.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
Mariangela
M
Marrelli
Federica
F
Menichini
Giancarlo A
GA
Statti
Marco
M
Bonesi
Pierre
P
Duez
Francesco
F
Menichini
Filomena
F
Conforti
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008049:Lipase