The retrograde approach to coronary artery chronic total occlusions: a practical approach.
The retrograde approach has revolutionized the treatment of chronic total occlusions. Several retrograde techniques have recently been described. In this article, we present a practical review with step-by-step instructions on the indications for retrograde interventions, equipment and retrograde channel selection, and techniques for retrograde crossing and treatment of chronic total occlusions.
VA North Texas Healthcare System and Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA. esbrilakis@yahoo.com
Emmanouil S
ES
Brilakis
J Aaron
JA
Grantham
Craig A
CA
Thompson
Tony J
TJ
DeMartini
Abhiram
A
Prasad
Gurpreet S
GS
Sandhu
Subhash
S
Banerjee
William L
WL
Lombardi
D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057785:Catheters; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome