Flavangenol (pine bark extract) and its major component procyanidin B1 enhance fatty acid oxidation in fat-loaded models.
Flavangenol, one of several pine bark extract products, is expected to prevent metabolic diseases with its potent antioxidant effect, its anti-obesity effect and its improvement of insulin sensitivity. In this study, targeting the liver as one of the organs that plays an important role in energy metabolism, Flavangenol was investigated for its effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its action mechanism and its active ingredients, using in vivo and in vitro experiment systems. Flavangenol suppressed intrahepatic fat accumulation in Western diet-loaded Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes (TSOD) mice, which develop various metabolic diseases. In addition, Flavangenol significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid oxidative enzymes (peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α, acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase). In order to investigate the direct effect of Flavangenol on the liver, an in vitro fatty liver model prepared by adding a free fatty acid to human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells) was used. In this model, Flavangenol significantly suppressed intracellular fat accumulation. Procyanidin B1, one of the major components of Flavangenol, also suppressed fat accumulation and induced mRNA expression of the fatty acid oxidative enzymes. As mentioned above, Flavangenol showed a significant suppressive effect in the NAFLD model, and it was suggested that the molecular mechanism is induction of fatty acid oxidation, with the effect mainly attributed to procyanidin B1.
Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan. t-shima@musashino-u.ac.jp
Tsutomu
T
Shimada
Daisuke
D
Tokuhara
Masahito
M
Tsubata
Tomoyasu
T
Kamiya
Mayu
M
Kamiya-Sameshima
Rika
R
Nagamine
Kinya
K
Takagaki
Yoshimichi
Y
Sai
Ken-Ichi
K
Miyamoto
Masaki
M
Aburada
D000818:Animals; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D044946:Biflavonoids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C504746:flavangenol; C479579:procyanidin B1; D002392:Catechin