Insomnia symptoms and cardiovascular disease among older American Indians: the Native Elder Care Study.
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among American Indians. It is not known if symptoms of insomnia are associated with CVD in this population.


METHODS
We examined 449 American Indians aged ≥ 55 years from the Native Elder Care Study. The main outcome-of-interest was self-reported CVD.


RESULTS
Short sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and difficulty falling asleep were positively associated with CVD after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors. Compared with a sleep duration of 7 h, the multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CVD among those with sleep duration ≤ 5 h was 2.89 (1.17-7.16). Similarly, the multivariable OR (95% CI) of CVD was 4.45 (1.85-10.72) and 2.60 (1.25-5.42) for daytime sleepiness >2 h and difficulty falling asleep often/always.


CONCLUSIONS
Symptoms of insomnia including short sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and difficulty falling asleep are independently associated with CVD in American Indians aged ≥ 55 years.
Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center,1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. csabanayagam@hsc.wvu.edu
Charumathi
C
Sabanayagam
Anoop
A
Shankar
Dedra
D
Buchwald
R Turner
RT
Goins
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires