Glycemic responses of patients with type 2 diabetes to individual carbohydrate-rich foods and mixed meals.
OBJECTIVE
Our purpose was to determine whether the glycemic index (GI) of individual foods applies to mixed meals.


METHODS
The glycemic responses elicited by portions of 4 individual foods with 25 g of available carbohydrate when served alone (rice, lacy pancake, flatbread and noodles) and when made into typical Malaysian mixed meals (coconut milk rice, lacy pancake with chicken curry, flatbread with dhal curry and fried noodles) were measured in 10 subjects with type 2 diabetes. To allow calculation of the GI of the foods and the relative glycemic responses of the mixed meals, each subject also tested 25 g of glucose 3 times. Capillary blood glucose was measured at 30-min intervals for 180 min after consuming each test meal.


RESULTS
The mean ± SEM incremental area under the curve (AUC) after flatbread (345 ± 26 mmol × min/l) was significantly greater than after rice (238 ± 35) and lacy pancake (235 ± 31, p < 0.05), with noodles being intermediate (294 ± 35). The AUC after the flatbread with dhal curry (341 ± 49), coconut milk rice (238 ± 39) and fried noodle (272 ± 42) mixed meals were similar to those after the individual foods, but the AUC after the lacy pancake with chicken curry mixed meal (388 ± 52) was significantly greater than after the individual food item (p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
The results support the utility of the GI of individual foods such as rice, flatbread and noodles when applied to mixed meals. The reason for the higher response after the lacy pancake mixed meal compared to the individual food is not clear and may warrant further research.
Program in Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. dan77in@yahoo.com
S Daniel
SD
Robert
Aziz Al-Safi
AA
Ismail
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001939:Bread; D002645:Chickens; D003059:Cocos; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004435:Eating; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D005433:Flour; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza; D017747:Seafood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents