Molecular recognition theory and sense-antisense interaction: therapeutic applications in autoimmunity.
Perhaps behind only the understanding of the genetic code in importance is the comprehension of protein sequence and structure in its effect on modern scientific investigation. How proteins are structured and interact dictates a considerable amount of the body's processes in maintaining homeostasis. Unfortunately, in diseases of autoimmunity, these processes are directed against the body itself and most of the current clinical responses are severely lacking. This review addresses current therapeutics involved in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and details potential future therapeutics designed with a more targeted approach. Detailed in this manuscript is the concept of utilizing peptides possessing an inverse hydropathy to the immunogenic region of proteins to generate anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) and anti-clonotypic T cell receptor (TCR) antibodies (Abs). Theoretically, the anti-Id Abs cross react with Id Abs and negate the powerful machinery of the adaptive immune response with little to no side effects. A series of studies by a number of groups have shown this to be an exciting and intriguing concept that will likely play a role in the future treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Matthew Thomas
MT
Hardison
James Edwin
JE
Blalock
D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D006801:Humans