Regulation of prokaryotic gene expression by eukaryotic-like enzymes.
A growing body of evidence indicates that serine/threonine kinases (STKs) and phosphatases (STPs) regulate gene expression in prokaryotic organisms. As prokaryotic STKs and STPs are not DNA binding proteins, regulation of gene expression is accomplished through post-translational modification of their targets. These include two-component response regulators, DNA binding proteins and proteins that mediate transcription and translation. This review summarizes our current understanding of how STKs and STPs mediate gene expression in prokaryotes. Further studies to identify environmental signals that trigger the signaling cascade and elucidation of mechanisms that regulate crosstalk between eukaryotic-like signaling enzymes, two-component systems, and components of the transcriptional and translational machinery will facilitate a greater understanding of prokaryotic gene regulation.
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101-1304, United States.
Kellie
K
Burnside
Lakshmi
L
Rajagopal
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases