The self-transcendence scale: an investigation of the factor structure among nursing home patients.
OBJECTIVE
Self-transcendence, the ability to expand personal boundaries in multiple ways, has been found to provide well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensionality of the Norwegian version of the Self-Transcendence Scale, which comprises 15 items.


BACKGROUND
Reed's empirical nursing theory of self-transcendence provided the theoretical framework; self-transcendence includes an interpersonal, intrapersonal, transpersonal, and temporal dimension.


METHODS
Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 202 cognitively intact elderly patients in 44 Norwegian nursing homes.


RESULTS
Exploratory factor analysis revealed two and four internally consistent dimensions of self-transcendence, explaining 35.3% (two factors) and 50.7% (four factors) of the variance, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the hypothesized two- and four-factor models fitted better than the one-factor model (cx (2), root mean square error of approximation, standardized root mean square residual, normed fit index, nonnormed fit index, comparative fit index, goodness-of-fit index, and adjusted goodness-of-fit index).


CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate self-transcendence as a multifactorial construct; at present, we conclude that the two-factor model might be the most accurate and reasonable measure of self-transcendence.


CONCLUSIONS
This research generates insights in the application of the widely used Self-Transcendence Scale by investigating its psychometric properties by applying a confirmatory factor analysis. It also generates new research-questions on the associations between self-transcendence and well-being.
Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway. gorill.haugan@hist.no
Gørill
G
Haugan
Toril
T
Rannestad
Helge
H
Garåsen
Randi
R
Hammervold
Geir Arild
GA
Espnes
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006694:Holistic Health; D018939:Holistic Nursing; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*