Sequential bilateral cochlear implantation in children: parents' perspective and device use.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was (1) to measure parental expectations before surgery of a sequentially placed second cochlear implant and compare these results with parental observations postoperatively and (2) to measure device use of the second cochlear implant and compare to unilateral implant use.


METHODS
Thirty prelingually deaf children with a unilateral cochlear implant (mean age at first implant 1.8 years) received a second implant at a mean age of 5.3 years. To measure parental expectations and observations, parents completed the Parents' Perspective before surgery of the second implant and after 12 and 24 months. The questionnaire included 1 additional question on sound localization. Device use of both the first and second implants was assessed retrospectively after 6, 12 and 24 months of implant use. Device use of the study group was also compared to a reference group of 30 unilateral implant users matched for age at second implantation.


RESULTS
Parental expectations with regard to sound localization were significantly higher than the observed changes within the first year of bilateral implant use. The observed changes in communication, listening to speech without lipreading, and speech and language skills met or surpassed parental expectations. Irrespective of age at second implantation, the second implant was significantly less worn than the first implant. No significant difference was observed between the use of the second implant of the study group and device use of the reference group. Second implant use was significantly correlated with the difference in speech recognition between the 2 implants alone.


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative parental expectations were too high with regard to the observed localization skills within the first year of bilateral implant use. The study showed that several of these sequentially implanted children had more difficulties in wearing the second implant than in wearing the first implant during the rehabilitation period. The present results suggest that this is caused by the dominant first implant performance. Such data are of high importance in order to provide parents with realistic counseling on what they can expect from sequential bilateral cochlear implantation.
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing and Implants, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.sparreboom@kno.umcn.nl
Marloes
M
Sparreboom
A Rens
AR
Leeuw
Ad F M
AF
Snik
Emmanuel A M
EA
Mylanus
D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013017:Sound Localization; D013067:Speech Perception; D016896:Treatment Outcome