Tomato-based food products are related to clinically modest improvements in selected coronary biomarkers in women.
Few epidemiologic studies have examined the potential cardiovascular mechanisms of tomato-based food products, the primary dietary source of lycopene. We examined the cross-sectional association between tomato-based food product intake and coronary biomarkers in the Women's Health Study. Tomato-based food products (tomatoes, tomato juice, tomato sauce, pizza) were summed from a semiquantitative FFQ and multiple risk factors ascertained. Plasma from baseline blood samples were assayed for lipids, lipoproteins, hemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and creatinine. A total of 27,261 women aged ≥45 y who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer provided relevant data for this study. Tomato-based food product intake was modest, with 84% of women consuming <1 serving/d, but those with greater intake had healthier lifestyle and dietary habits. Women consuming ≥10 compared with <1.5 servings/wk of tomato-based food products had significant but clinically modest improvements in total cholesterol (TC) (5.38 vs. 5.51 mmol/L; P = 0.029), the TC:HDL cholesterol ratio (4.08 vs. 4.22; P = 0.046), and hemoglobin A1c (5.02 vs. 5.13%; P < 0.001) in multivariable models. Considering clinical cutpoints, women consuming ≥10 compared with <1.5 servings/wk were 31% (95% CI = 6%, 50%), 40% (95% CI = 13%, 59%), and 66% (95% CI = 20%, 86%) less likely to have elevated TC (≥6.21 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (≥4.14 mmol/L), and hemoglobin A1c (≥6%), respectively. Other coronary biomarkers were unassociated with tomato-based food products. In conclusion, women consuming ≥10 compared with <1.5 servings/wk of tomato-based food products had clinically modest but significant improvements in TC, the TC:HDL cholesterol ratio, and hemoglobin A1c but not other coronary biomarkers.
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. hsesso@hsph.harvard.edu
Howard D
HD
Sesso
Lu
L
Wang
Paul M
PM
Ridker
Julie E
JE
Buring
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000517:prevention & control; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio
D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human