Accelerated aging and human immunodeficiency virus infection: emerging challenges of growing older in the era of successful antiretroviral therapy.
HIV-infected patients are living longer as a result of potent antiretroviral therapy. Immuno-inflammatory phenomena implicated in the normal aging process, including immune senescence, depreciation of the adaptive immune system, and heightened systemic inflammation are also pathophysiologic sequelae of HIV infection, suggesting HIV infection can potentiate the biological mechanisms of aging. Aging HIV-infected patients manifest many comorbidities at earlier ages, and sometimes with more aggressive phenotypes compared to seronegative counterparts. In this review, we describe relevant biologic changes shared by normal aging and HIV infection and explore the growing spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with the accelerated aging phenotype in HIV-infected individuals.
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Ramona
R
Bhatia
Patrick
P
Ryscavage
Babafemi
B
Taiwo
D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents