Virulence genotypes and drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori from Vladivostok, Russia: another feature in the Far East.
Helicobacter pylori in Vladivostok, Far Eastern Russia, was investigated during 2004 to 2009. The genotype cagA(+) vacA(+) (s1/m1 or m2) accounted for 74.7%, with cagA(-) vacA(+) (s2/m2) at 11.2%. The CagA EPIYA type was mainly Western ABC, with minor types (ABCCC and novel AAABC) or non-Western/non-East Asia type (AB). Regarding drug resistance, metronidazole resistance was the highest, with a marked decrease in 6 years (from 71.4% to 30.8%); in contrast, levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance increased. The data indicate that in Vladivostok, H. pylori was mainly the Western (not East Asian) type and dynamic changes in drug resistance occurred during 6 years.
Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Ivan
I
Reva
Tomomi
T
Takano
Wataru
W
Higuchi
Yasuhisa
Y
Iwao
Ikue
I
Taneike
Saori
S
Nakagawa
Masami
M
Ike
Oleg
O
Pererva
Alexey
A
Tarankov
Mikhail
M
Agapov
Evgeniy
E
Rizhkov
Olga
O
Singur
Galina
G
Reva
Vladimir
V
Potapov
Tatsuo
T
Yamamoto
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012426:Russia; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D037521:Virulence Factors; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori