Cholelithiasis and its complications in children and adolescents: update and case discussion.
In recent years, gallbladder disease, primarily in the form of cholelithiasis, has been on the rise among infants and children. Although pediatric gallbladder disease is still less prevalent than adult gallbladder disease, physicians and other clinicians who care for children need to be aware of this underappreciated problem and understand the manifestations of biliary disease in the pediatric population. In this article, case discussions will serve as a platform for discussing the clinical spectrum of cholelithiasis and its complications in children as well as discussing the latest evidence related to diagnosis and treatment.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. poff@emedharbor.edu
Cori McClure
CM
Poffenberger
Marianne
M
Gausche-Hill
Steven
S
Ngai
Andrew
A
Myers
Richard
R
Renslo
D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002768:Choledochostomy; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D003085:Colic / Q000209:etiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D042882:Gallstones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology
D004041:Dietary Fats