title: Prevalence of enuresis and daytime urinary incontinence in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a known association between sickle cell disease and enuresis. However, the cause of this association is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that children with sickle cell disease would have more symptoms of overactive bladder than a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were distributed to 155 legal guardians of children and adolescents 5 to 17 years old with sickle cell disease and to 100 legal guardians of a control group of children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with and without sickle cell disease were distributed uniformly regarding gender and age. A total of 50 patients (32.3%) in the sickle cell disease group had enuresis vs 5 (5%) in the control group (p = 0.000). Daytime urinary incontinence was observed in 36 individuals with (23.2%) and 11 (11.0%) without sickle cell disease (p = 0.014). A total of 52 patients with sickle cell disease (33.5%) complained of urgency, compared to 10 controls (10%, p = 0.000). A total of 49 patients with sickle cell disease (31.6%) had frequency, compared to 6 controls (6%, p = 0.000). Of all patients who reported enuresis or daytime incontinence only 1 with enuresis had received specific treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant association between sickle cell disease and enuresis and overactive bladder symptoms such as daytime incontinence, urgency and frequency. Thus, all children and adolescents with sickle cell disease should be questioned regarding the presence of these symptoms to facilitate treatment for these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Urology, Bahiana School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Portocarrero
authors.forename: Marcelo Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Portocarrero
authors.forename: Marina Moraes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sobral
authors.forename: Isa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lordêlo
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barroso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004775:Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*