title: Correlation between seminal oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants with sperm DNA damage in elite athletes and recreationally active men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the seminal plasma 8-isoprostane, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and levels of sperm DNA fragmentation in elite athletes and recreationally active men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective design was used for this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory of the Urmia University.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six elite athletes and 52 recreationally active men (18-28 years) participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects had a semen sampling at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity were measured by colorimetric assay. Levels of ROS were measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Malondialdehyde levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay. Catalase activity was measured by monitoring the initial rate of disappearance of hydrogen peroxide. Concentration of free 8-isoprostane was measured by enzyme immunoassay method. Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein dUTP nick end-labeling assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recreationally active men have significantly higher levels of body fat, seminal SOD, TAC, and catalase and lower levels of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, seminal ROS, MDA, and 8-isoprostane and subsequently lower rate of sperm DNA fragmentation when compared with elite athletes (P < 0.001). Significantly negative correlation was observed between sperm DNA fragmentation with body fat, seminal SOD, catalase, and TAC levels (P < 0.001). Significantly positive correlation was observed between sperm DNA fragmentation with V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, seminal 8-isoprostane, ROS, and MDA levels (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spermatozoa from recreationally active men may be less susceptible to oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and hence infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Bakhtyar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tartibian
authors.forename: Behzad Hajizadeh
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Maleki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003124:Colorimetry; D004249:DNA Damage; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D015237:Dinoprost; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase