title: Maternal serum vitamin D at 11-13 weeks in pregnancies delivering small for gestational age neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if maternal serum levels of 25(OH)D at 11-13 weeks' gestation are altered in pregnancies that subsequently deliver small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and whether the levels are related to placental function reflected in serum concentration of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25(OH)D and PAPP-A were measured at 11-13 weeks in 150 singleton pregnancies that delivered SGA neonates and 1,000 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls. The median 25(OH)D and PAPP-A multiple of the unaffected median (MoM) in the outcome groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the SGA, the median serum 25(OH)D and PAPP-A were significantly decreased (0.78 vs. 1.00 MoM, p < 0.0001 and 0.78 vs. 1.00 MoM, p < 0.0001, respectively). The incidence of 25(OH)D levels below the 10th percentile was significantly higher in the SGA than the AGA group in Caucasian women (p = 0.002) but not in those of African racial origin (p = 0.183). There was no significant association between 25(OH)D MoM and PAPPA MoM in either the SGA or the AGA groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum 25(OH)D levels at 11-13 weeks are decreased in pregnancies of Caucasian women that deliver SGA neonates but not in those of African racial origin. The decrease in 25(OH)D levels is unrelated to placental function.
authors.affiliation: Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ertl
authors.forename: Christina K H
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samaha
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akolekar
authors.forename: Kypros H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A