title: [Bodily excellence and education: ambiguities of performance].
abstract: The notion of excellence contains an ambivalence: to aim at the "good" and/or to aim at the "best". This ambivalence exists particularly in the physical effort and in the history of bodily practices, shared between gymnastics, physical education and sports. In the second part of the XXth century, the notion of performance became "worship of performance", "infinite perfectibility". In this context, high level sports became the human improvement laboratory, thanks to the sophistication of its technical means and the its practices intensity. However this "high" questions: about physical and psychological consequences of intensive practices ; about doping and its medical and ethical perspectives; about the increasing precociousness and the potential exploitation of the baby champions. It questions about the nature of familial, social, economical norms transmitted by education: about articulation between constraint and self-government. This is the question about the "price" of excellence. In this sense it appears that the excellence of champion spreads out the margins of an ethics which would be meant to be regulating and universal, indeed this excellence is perhaps, in the same capacity as genius is and in spite of the attachment of sports to a "ethics of the rule", un-ethical.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris. iqueval@orange.fr
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Queval
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D010806:Physical Education and Training