title: Pleiotropic increases in free non-polar lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents in waxy bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diethyl ether-extractable free lipid (FL), non-polar or neutral lipid (NL), glycolipid (GL) and phospholipid (PL) contents and water-saturated 1-butanol (WSB)-extractable non-starch lipid (NSL)-monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDG), digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC)-contents in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain were evaluated to elucidate the possible influence of the Wx-D1 gene on the lipid composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Waxy near-isogenic lines with a non-functional Wx-D1d allele showed consistently increased NL, GL and PL contents among FL and MGDG, DGDG and PC contents among NSL compared with non-waxy near-isogenic lines with a functional Wx-D1a allele throughout three growing/harvest seasons. However, the proportion of NL, GL and PL among FL was not influenced by the non-waxy/waxy state of the endosperm. The nearly non-functional Wx-D1f allele influenced the FL and NL contents in a similar manner to the non-functional allele across two seasons, while the partly functional Wx-D1g allele only affected the NL content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Wx-D1 locus has pleiotropic effects on the diethyl ether-extractable FL, NL, GL and PL contents and WSB-extractable MGDG, DGDG and PC contents of bread wheat grain. The non-functional Wx-D1d allele causes an increase in the levels of these lipids.
authors.affiliation: NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 12-1 Nishifukatsucho 6-chome, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan. yas@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001939:Bread; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000235:genetics*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013214:Starch Synthase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D006017:Glycolipids; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D010940:Plant Proteins; C060756:waxy protein, plant; D013214:Starch Synthase