title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and clinical parameters in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, vocal fold nodule, and laryngeal atypical hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnostic role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in laryngeal atypical hyperplasia, vocal fold nodule, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens obtained from patients diagnosed with vocal fold nodule (n = 35), atypical hyperplasia (n = 35), laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 35), and clinical parameters were evaluated retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no staining was observed in patients with vocal fold nodules, staining was noted in laryngeal atypical hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. The percentage of COX-2 staining was the highest in the carcinoma group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was determined that COX-2 staining was significantly associated with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. It should be noted that overexpression of COX-2, a potentially important factor in the evolution of carcinogenesis in precancerous lesions, might be an indicator of the development of carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Kahramanmaras State Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cağdaş
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sayar
authors.forename: Hamide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sayar
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.forename: Tahsin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Selçuk
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Görgülü
authors.forename: Yücel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akbaş
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kemal Olgun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D007830:Larynx / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human