title: Changes in circulating microRNA levels associated with prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that changes in circulating microRNAs (miRs) represent potentially useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, staging and prediction of outcome in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 742 miRs was performed using plasma-derived circulating microvesicles of 78 prostate cancer patients and 28 normal control individuals to identify differentially quantified miRs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 miRs were differentially quantified in prostate cancer patients compared with controls, including 9 in patients without metastases. In all, 11 miRs were present in significantly greater amounts in prostate cancer patients with metastases compared with those without metastases. The association of miR-141 and miR-375 with metastatic prostate cancer was confirmed using serum-derived exosomes and microvesicles in a separate cohort of patients with recurrent or non-recurrent disease following radical prostatectomy. An analysis of five selected miRs in urine samples found that miR-107 and miR-574-3p were quantified at significantly higher concentrations in the urine of men with prostate cancer compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that changes in miR concentration in prostate cancer patients may be identified by analysing various body fluids. Moreover, circulating miRs may be used to diagnose and stage prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pawlowski
authors.forename: J W F
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Catto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marsden
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vessella
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rhees
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuslich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Visakorpi
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen