title: Separation and structural characterization of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-412 and 1-[(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3yl]-(4-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)methanone using GC-MS, NMR analysis and a flash chromatography system.
abstract: The 'herbal highs' market continues to boom. The added synthetic cannabinoids are often exchanged for another one with a high frequency to stay at least one step ahead of legal restrictions. While most of these substances were synthesized for pharmaceutical purposes and have been described in the scientific literature before, others originate from clandestine laboratories supplying this lucrative market. In this paper, the identification and structure elucidation of two synthetic cannabinoids is reported. The first compound, 1-[(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3yl]-(4-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)methanone, was found along with AM-2201 in a 'herbal mixture' obtained via the Internet. For isolation of the substance from the mixture, a newly developed flash chromatography method was used providing an inexpensive and fast way to gain pure reference substances from 'Spice' products for the timely development or enhancement of analytical methods in the forensic field. The second substance, 4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-412) was seized by German authorities as microcrystalline powder, making it very likely that it will be found in 'herbal mixtures' soon.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. bjoern.moosmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moosmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kneisel
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Girreser
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brecht
authors.forename: Folker
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Auwärter