title: Naturalistic exploration of the effect of osmotic release oral system-methylphenidate on remission rate and functional improvement in Taiwanese children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the differences in the remission rate, recovery rate, functional improvement, and treatment adherence related to treatment with short-acting immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-MPH) and long-acting osmotic-release oral system-methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) in a naturalistic setting among Taiwanese children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 757 children with ADHD, aged 6-18 years, was evaluated using the following in order determine functional improvement and treatment adherence: the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP-IV-C), Clinical Global Impression-ADHD-Severity (CGI-S) to measure remission and recovery rates, the Chinese version of the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (CSAICA), and caregiver's satisfaction rate, treatment adherence, and frequency of adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the SNAP-IV-C scores, the remission rate was 30.72%, and the recovery rate was 16.38%. Compared to short-acting IR-MPH, OROS-MPH was associated with greater functional improvement and treatment adherence among children with ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OROS-MPH treatment at the adequate dosage can achieve higher remission and recovery rates, produce greater functional improvement, and result in better treatment adherence than IR-MPH treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ruu-Fen
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Tzang
authors.forename: Ya-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chin-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Cheng-Dien
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Pin-Chen
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hung-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-Shu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ya-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Shen-Ing
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chia-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ya-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chi-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yu-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hui-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hsueh-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009995:Osmosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012074:Remission Induction; D013624:Taiwan; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate