title: Vitamin D status and cytokine levels in patients with Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is growing evidence that vitamin D may have immunomodulatory properties in Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to determine if serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] was associated with inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, and TNF-alpha levels in patients with inactive CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of 75 adults with quiescent CD. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by radioimmunoassay and serum IL-10 and TNF-alpha by ELISA. Disease activity was assessed by the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-10 levels were significantly lower in patients with vitamin D insufficiency compared with the vitamin D replete group (mean and SE 2.48 ± 0.51 v 6.77 ± 2.49 pg/mL, p < 0.001). There were, however, no differences in serum TNF-alpha or CRP levels based on vitamin D status. The use of a vitamin D supplement at a low dose (200 IU) did not significantly influence IL-10 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating levels of IL-10, but not TNF-alpha, were significantly lower in CD patients with inadequate serum 25(OH)D. This suggests that poor vitamin D status may be linked to reduced anti-inflammatory capacity in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Adelaide & Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Treasa Nic
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Suibhne
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Morain
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol