title: First permanent human implant of the Stimulus Router System, a novel neuroprosthesis: preliminary testing of a polarity reversing stimulation technique.
abstract: Neuroprostheses (NPs) are electrical stimulators that help to restore sensory or motor functions lost as a result of neural damage. The Stimulus Router System (SRS) is a new type of NP developed in our laboratory. The system uses fully implanted, passive leads to "capture" and "route" some of the current flowing between pairs of surface electrodes to the vicinity of the target nerves, hence eliminating the need for an implanted stimulator. In June 2008, 3 SRS leads were implanted in a tetraplegic man for restoration of grasp and release. To reduce the size of the external wristlet and thereby optimize usability, we recently implemented a polarity reversing stimulation technique that allowed us to eliminate a reference electrode. Selective activation of three target muscles was achieved by switching the polarities of the stimulus current delivered between pairs of surface electrodes located over the pick-up terminals of the implanted leads and reducing the amplitude of the secondary phases of the stimulus pulses.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. lgan@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Liu Shi
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Einat N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ravid
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalczewski
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Jaret
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morhart
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prochazka
mesh_terms: D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants