title: Low testosterone level predicts prostate cancer in re-biopsy in patients with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa), but only multifocality is an indication for early rebiopsy. Other risk factors for PCa development from HGPIN remain unknown. PCa is related to testosterone. Testosterone has been proven to be linked to PCa detection and poor prognosis PCa. This study shows that low free and bioavailable testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of PCa in a rebiopsy after HGPIN diagnosis. Men with low testosterone levels and HGPIN could therefore be considered a high-risk cohort for developing PCa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relevance of the hormonal profile of patients with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and its relationship to prostate cancer (PCa) in rebiopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively analysed 82 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of HGPIN without PCa in a prostate biopsy between September 2007 and December 2009. Of these 82 patients, 45 underwent rebiopsy and their hormonal profile was determined (testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) as part of our clinical protocol. Patient age, PSA level, prostate volume, PSA density, testosterone, free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone and SHBG were recorded prospectively. A comparative study between those patients with a positive rebiopsy and those with a negative rebiopsy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that free testosterone (P = 0.04), bioavailable testosterone (P = 0.04) and SHBG (P = 0.02) were significantly associated with a positive rebiopsy. Other variables such as age (P = 0.745), PSA level (P = 0.630), prostate volume (P = 0.690), PSA density (P = 0.950), testosterone (P = 0.981) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia multifocality (P = 0.777) were not associated with the presence of adenocarcinoma in the rebiopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate after a diagnosis of HGPIN have higher SHBG levels and lower calculated free testosterone levels than patients with a negative rebiopsy. Testosterone levels might be a useful indication for rebiopsy after HGPIN diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. edu_garcia_cruz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Cruz
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piqueras
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ribal
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huguet
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serapiao
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peri
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone