title: High-speed atomic force microscopy coming of age.
abstract: High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is now materialized. It allows direct visualization of dynamic structural changes and dynamic processes of functioning biological molecules in physiological solutions, at high spatiotemporal resolution. Dynamic molecular events unselectively appear in detail in an AFM movie, facilitating our understanding of how biological molecules operate to function. This review describes a historical overview of technical development towards HS-AFM, summarizes elementary devices and techniques used in the current HS-AFM, and then highlights recent imaging studies. Finally, future challenges of HS-AFM studies are briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004867:Equipment Design; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D011506:Proteins; D004247:DNA