title: Frontiers in optical imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism.
abstract: In vivo optical imaging of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism did not exist 50 years ago. While point optical fluorescence and absorption measurements of cellular metabolism and hemoglobin concentrations had already been introduced by then, point blood flow measurements appeared only 40 years ago. The advent of digital cameras has significantly advanced two-dimensional optical imaging of neuronal, metabolic, vascular, and hemodynamic signals. More recently, advanced laser sources have enabled a variety of novel three-dimensional high-spatial-resolution imaging approaches. Combined, as we discuss here, these methods are permitting a multifaceted investigation of the local regulation of CBF and metabolism with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Through multimodal combination of these optical techniques with genetic methods of encoding optical reporter and actuator proteins, the future is bright for solving the mysteries of neurometabolic and neurovascular coupling and translating them to clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA. adevor@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devor
authors.forename: Sava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakadžić
authors.forename: Vivek J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yaseen
authors.forename: Krystal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nizar
authors.forename: Payam A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Saisan
authors.forename: Peifang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Sergei A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vinogradov
authors.forename: Maria Angela
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Franceschini
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Boas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*