title: Injection augmentation of type I laryngeal clefts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a series of children diagnosed with type I congenital laryngeal clefts (LC-I) and treated, due to various presentations, with endoscopic injection augmentation (IA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care academic children's hospital in Edmonton, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pediatric patients diagnosed with LC-I and treated with IA in a single tertiary care practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The children were identified from a prospectively collected database. Only those who were treated with IA and had a minimum follow-up of 3 months were included. The authors collected demographics, diagnoses, surgical procedures, number of IA procedures, clinical outcomes, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a period of 8 years, 43 patients were diagnosed with LC-I. Eighteen had undergone IA over the past 4 years. Mean age at IA was 37.11 ± 32.68 months with a male-to-female ratio of 1.25:1. The indications were swallowing dysfunction (13), atypical croup (2), chronic cough (1), cyanotic spells (1), and asthma (1). Seven patients required repeated injections (mean, 2.57 injections). A total of 13 patients responded with resolution of symptoms in question. A single postoperative complication was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IA is a brief, simple management option that succeeds in a number of children with LC-I. It is minimally morbid and supplements other conservative approaches to treat the condition.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Harshdeep Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mangat
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Hakim
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid