title: Determination of atomoxetine metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
abstract: 4-Hydroxyatomoxetine (4-HAT) and N-desmethylatomoxetine (N-DAT) are major metabolites of atomoxetine, a potent and selective inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter that is used for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The pharmacological activity of 4-HAT is similar to that of atomoxetine. We have developed and validated a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography analytical method with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of 4-HAT and N-DAT in human plasma. After liquid-liquid extraction with methyl t-butyl ether, chromatographic separation of analytes was performed using a reversed-phase Luna C(18) column (2.0mm×100mm, 3μm particles) with a mobile phase of 10mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5)-methanol (10:90, v/v) and quantified by MS/MS detection in ESI positive ion mode. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 250μL/min and the retention times of 4-HAT, N-DAT and internal standard (IS, metoprolol) were 0.9, 1.0 and 1.0min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.05-20ng/mL for 4-HAT and 0.1-20ng/mL for N-DAT. The lower limits of quantification, using 200μL human plasma, were 0.05 and 0.1ng/mL for 4-HAT and N-DAT, respectively. The mean accuracy and precision for intra- and inter-day validation of 4-HAT and N-DAT were both within the acceptable limits. This LC-MS/MS method showed improved sensitivity for quantification of the two main metabolites of atomoxetine in human plasma compared with previously described analytical methods. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in humans.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ik
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jung-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Hye-In
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Choon-Gon
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Uy Dong
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Seok-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011437:Propylamines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011437:Propylamines; C454680:N-desmethylatomoxetine; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; C454679:4-hydroxyatomoxetine