title: Long-term renal outcome of snake bite and acute kidney injury: a single-center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Snake bite can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) through multiple mechanisms. Many of these patients have severe kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. The long-term outcome of survivors of such severe AKI is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed up 60 patients who developed dialysis-requiring severe AKI following snake bite and had survived the hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 25 (41%) patients showed persistent renal involvement in the form of renal dysfunction, proteinuria, or hypertension at a mean period of follow-up of 45 months. Totally 5% of the patients progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) while 20% had glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <45 mL/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term outcome of snake bite and AKI is not benign with a significant percentage of patients continuing to have features of persistent renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India. rajesh.waikhom@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waikhom
authors.forename: Dipankar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sircar
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennikal
authors.forename: Sanjoy Das
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome