title: Effects of the antioxidant agent tempol on periapical lesions in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular diseases have been associated with increased risk of endodontic complications. This study evaluated the effects of the antioxidant agent tempol on periapical lesions in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in comparison with control animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) naïve rats orally treated with saline solution (10 mL/kg, during 21 days after periapical lesion induction); (2) naïve rats treated with tempol (30 and 50 mg/kg, during 21 days after periapical lesion induction) by oral pathway; (3) rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy treated with saline solution by oral route (10 mL/kg, from day 3 to day 10 after initiating treatment with doxorubicin); and (4) rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy orally treated with tempol (30 and 50 mg/kg, from day 3 to day 10 after initiating treatment with doxorubicin). Periapical lesions were induced on the first right mandibular molar tooth. After 21 days of apical periodontitis induction, the animals were killed, and the mandibles were collected for radiographic and histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oral administration of tempol (50 mg/kg) was able to significantly prevent the establishment of periapical lesions in either control animals or rats submitted to the model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, according to radiographic and histologic evaluation. Nevertheless, the protective effects of tempol were virtually greater in control animals in comparison with doxorubicin-treated rats, as indicated by histologic inflammatory assessment, which might be related to the increased production of free radicals under cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide novel evidence on the beneficial systemic effects of the antioxidant tempol on apical periodontitis in both control animals and rats with doxorubicin-elicited cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Frederico
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Brilhante Wolle
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Aguiar Zollmann
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etges
authors.forename: Graciela Schneider
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Vitalis
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Maria Martha
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000150:complications; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000975:Antioxidants; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D013113:Spin Labels; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002374:Catalase; C001803:tempol