title: No increase of drug-resistant HIV type 1 prevalence among drug-naive individuals in Northern Vietnam.
abstract: We reported previously that the prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals in Northern Vietnam was 2.9% in 2007 and 6.2% in 2008. To investigate the continuing trend of prevalence, we collected plasma samples from 958 individuals in Hai Phong and Hanoi in 2009, extracted viral RNA from HIV-1 antibody-positive samples, and analyzed them genetically. HIV-1 antibody prevalence was 26.8% in injecting drug users (n=302), 13.4% in female sex workers (n=284), 0.5% in blood donors (n=206), and 0.6% in pregnant women (n=166). All HIV-1 strains were CRF01_AE. Nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations were found in two (2.0%) of the 102 successfully analyzed cases (one case with the Y181C and one with the K101E). No nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance or protease inhibitor resistance mutations were detected. The prevalence of circulating ART-resistant HIV-1 in Northern Vietnam did not increase from 2007 to 2009, although the rate of ART coverage did increase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: Vuong Thi
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Azumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: Cuong Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Huyen Thi Thanh
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: Hung Viet
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Xiuqiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Thuc
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Pham
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D055030:Drug Users / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus