title: The association of Raynaud syndrome with β-blockers: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Vasospastic disorders of the digital circulation such as the Raynaud syndrome (RS) are known side effects of treatment of β-adrenergic blockade. The prevalence of RS in patients during treatment with β-blockers is not well defined. The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the prevalence of RS in patients receiving β-blockers. A literature search was performed for studies dealing with RS and patients receiving β-blockers. The studies provided sufficient data to estimate the prevalence of RS in patients receiving β-blockers. A total of 13 eligible studies, contributing data on 1012 individuals, were included in this meta-analysis. For RS in patients receiving β-blockers, a pooled prevalence of 14.7% (95% confidence interval 0.076-0.236) were obtained. Statistically publication bias was not present (P = .877). Despite some heterogeneity, there is a possible indication of an association between RS and patients receiving β-blockers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. melvin.mohokum@charite.de
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohokum
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schlattmann
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists