title: ID2: A negative transcription factor regulating oligodendroglia differentiation.
abstract: Remyelination of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis patients is often incomplete. Remyelination depends on normal oligodendrogenesis and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) into mature oligodendrocytes (OL). Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID), a transcription factor, is thought to inhibit oligodendrogenesis and the differentiation of OPC. This Mini-Review aims to reveal the roles of and mechanisms used by IDs (mainly ID2) in this process. An interaction between ID2 and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor is responsible for the cell cycle transition from G1 to S. The translocation of ID2 between the nucleus and cytoplasm is regulated by E47 and OLIG. An interaction between ID2 and OLIG mediates the inhibitory effects of bone morphogenic proteins and G protein-coupled receptor 17 on oligodendroglia differentiation. ID2 expression is regulated by Wnt and histone deacetylases during the differentiation of OPC. ID4, another member of the ID family, functions similarly to ID2 in regulating the differentiation of OPC. The main difference is that ID4 is essential for oligodendrogenesis, whereas ID2 is nonessential. This could have important implications for demyelinating diseases, and interfering with these pathways might represent a viable therapeutic approach for these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Shu
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Hang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qi-Yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Zhong-Xiang
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C121670:GPR17 protein, human; C497450:ID2 protein, human; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled