title: An endoscopic wireless gastrostimulator (with video).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric electric stimulation (GES) at a high-frequency, low-energy setting is an option for treating refractory gastroparesis. The currently available commercial stimulator, the Enterra neurostimulator (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN), however, requires surgical implantation and is powered by a nonrechargeable battery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test a miniature wireless GES device for endoscopic implantation in an experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-vivo gastric signals were recorded and measured in a nonsurvival swine model (n = 2; 110-lb animals).
  
  
  METHODS
  An endoscopically placed, wireless GES device was inserted into the stomach through an overtube; the two GES electrodes were endoscopically attached to the gastric mucosa and secured with endoclips to permit stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stable electrogastrogram measures were observed during GES stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrogastrogram recordings demonstrated that gastric slow waves became more regular and of constant amplitudes when stomach tissues were stimulated, in comparison with no stimulation. The frequency-to-amplitude ratio also changed significantly with stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonsurvival pig studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric electric stimulation is feasible by our endoscopically implanted, wireless GES device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX.
authors.forename: Sanchali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: Shou-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Abell
authors.forename: Smitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Wen-Ding
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S D Filip
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lahr
authors.forename: Jung-Chih
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000502:physiology*; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005773:Gastroscopy; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D059015:Wireless Technology