title: Abnormal white matter integrity in adolescents with internet addiction disorder: a tract-based spatial statistics study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is currently becoming a serious mental health issue around the globe. Previous studies regarding IAD were mainly focused on associated psychological examinations. However, there are few studies on brain structure and function about IAD. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter integrity in adolescents with IAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen IAD subjects and sixteen healthy controls without IAD participated in this study. Whole brain voxel-wise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed by tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to localize abnormal white matter regions between groups. TBSS demonstrated that IAD had significantly lower FA than controls throughout the brain, including the orbito-frontal white matter, corpus callosum, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and corona radiation, internal and external capsules, while exhibiting no areas of higher FA. Volume-of-interest (VOI) analysis was used to detect changes of diffusivity indices in the regions showing FA abnormalities. In most VOIs, FA reductions were caused by an increase in radial diffusivity while no changes in axial diffusivity. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between FA and behavioral measures within the IAD group. Significantly negative correlations were found between FA values in the left genu of the corpus callosum and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and between FA values in the left external capsule and the Young's Internet addiction scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that IAD demonstrated widespread reductions of FA in major white matter pathways and such abnormal white matter structure may be linked to some behavioral impairments. In addition, white matter integrity may serve as a potential new treatment target and FA may be as a qualified biomarker to understand the underlying neural mechanisms of injury or to assess the effectiveness of specific early interventions in IAD.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yasong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Lindi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016880:Anisotropy; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male