title: Morning hypertension in treated hypertensives: baseline characteristics and clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Morning hypertension is closely related to target organ damage and cardiovascular events. Little data is available concerning the baseline characteristics and comprehensive blood pressure analysis of hypertensive patients on treatment with morning hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 1,087 hypertensive patients who had taken stable anti-hypertensive medication at least 6 months. The enrolled patients measured their home blood pressure for 7 days. Baseline characteristics and the laboratory data were analyzed. Morning hypertension was defined as a morning blood pressure ≥135/85 mm Hg and systolic or diastolic blood pressure difference between morning and evening exceeding 10 mm Hg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventy three patients with morning hypertension showed a preponderance of males, older patients, alcohol consumers, and greater waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio despite the same body mass index. Impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in the patients with morning hypertension. The morning hypertensives took more anti-hypertensive drugs and displayed higher blood pressure in the clinic and at home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The worse clinical variables and relatively poorly controlled blood pressure of those with morning hypertension supports a potential relationship of morning hypertension with poor cardiovascular outcome. Morning blood pressure should be monitored at home for the optimal treatment of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center of Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jang-Whan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jung Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang Gyu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ho-Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Dong Ju
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Joon-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Se-Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.forename: Jang-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Dong-Woon
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim