title: Dentin moisture conditions affect the adhesion of root canal sealers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intraradicular moisture conditions on the push-out bond strength of root canal sealers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty root canals were prepared using rotary instruments and, thereafter, were assigned to 4 groups with respect to the moisture condition tested: (1) ethanol (dry): excess distilled water was removed with paper points followed by dehydration with 95% ethanol, (2) paper points: the canals were blot dried with paper points with the last one appearing dry, (3) moist: the canals were dried with low vacuum by using a Luer adapter for 5 seconds followed by 1 paper point for 1 second, and (4) wet: the canals remained totally flooded. The roots were further divided into 4 subgroups according to the sealer used: (1) AH Plus (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK), (2) iRoot SP (Innovative BioCeramix Inc, Vancouver, Canada), (3) MTA Fillapex (Angelus Indústria de Produtos Odontológicos S/A, Londrina, Brasil), and (4) Epiphany (Pentron Clinical Technologies, Wallingford, CT). Five 1-mm-thick slices were obtained from each root sample (n = 25 slices/group). Bond strengths of the test materials to root canal dentin were measured using a push-out test setup at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests at P = .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrespective of the moisture conditions, iRoot SP displayed the highest bond strength to root dentin. Statistical ranking of bond strength values was as follows: iRoot SP > AH Plus > Epiphany ≥ MTA Fillapex. The sealers displayed their highest and lowest bond strengths under moist (3) and wet (4) conditions, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of residual moisture significantly affects the adhesion of root canal sealers to radicular dentin. For the tested sealers, it may be advantageous to leave canals slightly moist before filling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. emrenagas@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagas
authors.forename: M Ozgur
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Uyanik
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eymirli
authors.forename: Zafer C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Cehreli
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
authors.forename: Lippo V J
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: Veli
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Durmaz
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003890:Desiccation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010209:Paper; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D012823:Silicate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014618:Vacuum; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D017640:Silicates; D012997:Solvents; C486893:epiphany sealer; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D014867:Water; D012823:Silicate Cement; D000431:Ethanol; D006171:Gutta-Percha; C031293:calcium silicate