title: Zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein is implicated in dyslipidaemia in HIV-1-infected patients treated with antiretroviral drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treated HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy often develop insulin resistance and proatherogenic dyslipidaemia. Zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG) is a recently characterized adipokine which has been shown to be involved in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in uninfected subjects. We assessed the relationship between circulating ZAG levels and metabolic derangements in HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma ZAG levels were assessed in 222 individuals: 166 HIV-1-infected patients treated with antiretroviral drugs (77 with lipodystrophy and 89 without lipodystrophy) and 56 uninfected controls. Plasma ZAG levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and were correlated with fat distribution abnormalities and metabolic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-1-infected patients had lower plasma ZAG levels compared with uninfected controls (P < 0.001). No differences were found in ZAG plasma levels according to the presence of lipodystrophy, components of the metabolic syndrome or type of antiretroviral treatment regimen. Circulating ZAG levels were strongly determined by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) in men (B = 0.644; P < 0.001) and showed a positive correlation with total cholesterol (r = 0.312; P < 0.001) and HDLc (r = 0.216; P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1-infected patients have lower plasma ZAG levels than uninfected controls. In infected patients, plasma ZAG levels are in close relationship with total cholesterol and HDLc.
authors.affiliation: Joan XXIII University Hospital, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ceperuelo-Mallafré
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Escoté
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viladés
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peraire
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sirvent
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Auguet
authors.forename: Matilde R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chacón
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Dupla
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Megia
authors.forename: Merce
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olona
authors.forename: Amadeu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saurí
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.forename: Angels
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontanet
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Gràcia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Ma Antònia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sambeat
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000090203:Zn-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D006023:Glycoproteins; C488891:AZGP1 protein, human; D000090203:Zn-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein