title: Potential toxicity and affinity of triphenylmethane dye malachite green to lysozyme.
abstract: Malachite green is a triphenylmethane dye that is used extensively in many industrial and aquacultural processes, generating environmental concerns and health problems to human being. In this contribution, the complexation between lysozyme and malachite green was verified by means of computer-aided molecular modeling, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) approaches. The precise binding patch of malachite green in lysozyme has been identified from molecular modeling and ANS displacement, Trp-62, Trp-63, and Trp-108 residues of lysozyme were earmarked to possess high-affinity for this dye, the principal forces in the lysozyme-malachite green adduct are hydrophobic and π-π interactions. Steady state fluorescence proclaimed the complex of malachite green with lysozyme yields quenching through static type, which substantiates time-resolved fluorescence measurements that lysozyme-malachite green conjugation formation has an affinity of 10(3)M(-1). Moreover, via molecular modeling and also CD data, we can safely arrive at a conclusion that the polypeptide chain of lysozyme partially destabilized upon complexation with malachite green. The data emerged here will help to further understand the toxicological action of malachite green in human body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiu-Nan
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xin-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C005095:malachite green; D009113:Muramidase