title: Shared decision making in oncology practice: what do oncologists need to know?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing interest by patients, policy makers, and clinicians in shared decision making (SDM) as a means to involve patients in health decisions and translate evidence into clinical practice. However, few clinicians feel optimally trained to implement SDM in practice, and many patients report that they are less involved than they desire to be in their cancer care decisions. SDM might help address the wide practice variation reported for many preference-sensitive decisions by incorporating patient preferences into decision discussions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper provides a perspective on how to incorporate SDM into routine oncology practice to facilitate patient-centered communication and promote effective treatment decisions. Oncology practice is uniquely positioned to lead the adoption of SDM because of the vast number of preference-sensitive decisions in which SDM can enhance the clinical encounter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinicians can facilitate cancer decision making by: (a) determining the situations in which SDM is critical; (b) acknowledging the decision to a patient; (c) describing the available options, including the risks, benefits, and uncertainty associated with options; (d) eliciting patients' preferences; and (e) agreeing on a plan for the next steps in the decision-making process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given recent policy movements toward incorporating SDM and translating evidence into routine clinical practice, oncologists are likely to continue expanding their use of SDM and will have to confront the challenges of incorporating SDM into their clinical workflow. More research is needed to explore ways to overcome these challenges such that both quality evidence and patient preferences are appropriately translated and incorporated into oncology care decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, CB 8100, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. mpoliti@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Studts
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hayslip
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations