title: Representative baseline values on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) in adolescent athletes vary by gender, grade, and concussion history.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To improve and standardize the sideline evaluation of sports-related concussion, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) was developed. This tool assesses concussion-related signs and symptoms, cognition, balance, and coordination. This newly published assessment tool has not established representative baseline data on adolescent athletes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Representative baseline SCAT2 scores in adolescent athletes will differ by gender, grade in school, and self-reported concussion history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiology study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interscholastic athletes were administered the SCAT2 during a preseason concussion baseline testing session. The SCAT2 total score ranges from 0 to 100 points, with lower scores indicating poorer performance. Overall, representative values were calculated using descriptive statistics. Separate independent-samples t tests, with gender and concussion history as the independent variables, and a 1-way analysis of variance, with grade as the independent variable, were conducted to assess differences in SCAT2 total score (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1134 high school athletes (872 male and 262 female) who participated. The SCAT2 total score across all participants was 88.3 ± 6.8 (range, 58-100); skewness was -0.86 ± 0.07, and kurtosis was 0.73 ± 0.14. Male athletes scored significantly lower on the SCAT2 total score (P = .03; 87.7 ± 6.8 vs 88.7 ± 6.8), and 9th graders (86.9 ± 6.8) scored significantly lower than 11th (88.7 ± 7.0) and 12th (89.0 ± 6.6) graders (P < .001). Athletes with a self-reported concussion history scored significantly lower on the SCAT2 total score than those with no concussion history (P < .001; 87.0 ± 6.8 vs 88.7 ± 6.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide representative scores on the SCAT2 in adolescent athletes and show that male athletes, 9th graders, and those with a self-reported concussion history scored significantly lower than their female, upperclassmen, or nonconcussed peers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that healthy adolescent athletes display variability on the SCAT2 at baseline. Therefore, clinicians should administer baseline assessments of the SCAT2 because assuming a perfect baseline score of 100 points is not appropriate in an adolescent athlete population.
authors.affiliation: Post-Professional Athletic Training Program, Arizona School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA. tmcleod@atsu.edu
authors.forename: Tamara C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Valovich McLeod
authors.forename: R Curtis
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Anikar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chhabra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001130:Arizona; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D057566:Self Report; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices