title: Minimal refractive change induced by sutureless 23- and 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports the induced refractive error after 23- and 25-gauge (G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this non-randomized retrospective case series, refractive status was assessed with an autokeratorefractometer 1 week or more before and 6 months after surgery. Patients who had suture placement to close the sclerotomies were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 50 patients (50 eyes), the mean age was 63 years (range: 42 to 76 years) and 57% were female. Thirty eyes underwent 23-G PPV and 20 eyes underwent 25-G PPV. The mean refractive change was +0.50 diopters (D) sphere, +0.25 D cylinders and the mean axis of cylinder change was 6° for the 23-G group; the mean refractive change was +0.12 D sphere, +0.12 D cylinders and the mean axis of cylinder change was 17° for the 25-G group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following sutureless small-gauge vitrectomy, there were mild and minimally significant refractive changes in the 23-G and 25-G groups from baseline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. aemanuelli@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Gonzalez
authors.forename: María H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Berrocal
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000209:etiology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods