title: Comparison of EUS-guided rendezvous and precut papillotomy techniques for biliary access (with videos).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Precut papillotomy after failed bile duct cannulation is associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. EUS-guided rendezvous drainage is a novel alternative technique, but there are no data comparing this approach with precut papillotomy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided rendezvous drainage of the bile duct and compare its outcome with that of precut papillotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with distal bile duct obstruction, in whom selective cannulation of the bile duct at ERCP failed after 5 attempts with a guidewire and sphincterotome, underwent an EUS-guided rendezvous procedure. The outcomes were compared with those in a historical cohort of patients who underwent precut papillotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in whom selective cannulation failed underwent EUS-guided rendezvous drainage by use of the short wire technique or precut papillotomy by use of the Erlangen papillotome. At EUS, after the extrahepatic bile duct was punctured with a 19-gauge needle, a hydrophilic angled-tip guidewire 260 cm long was passed in an antegrade manner across the papilla into the duodenum. The echoendoscope was then exchanged for a duodenoscope, which was introduced alongside the EUS-placed guidewire. The transpapillary guidewire was retrieved through its biopsy channel, and accessories were passed over the wire to perform the requisite endotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of the rates of technical success and complications between patients treated by the EUS-guided rendezvous and those treated by precut papillotomy techniques. Treatment success was defined as completion of the requisite endotherapy in one treatment session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment success was significantly higher for the EUS-guided rendezvous (57/58 patients) than for those undergoing precut papillotomy technique (130/144 patients) (98.3% vs 90.3%; P = .03). There was no significant difference in the rate of procedural complications between the EUS and precut papillotomy techniques (3.4% vs 6.9%, P = .27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective nonrandomized study design; highly selective patient cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the EUS-guided rendezvous technique was found to be superior to precut papillotomy for single-session biliary access. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these preliminary but promising findings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Endoscopy, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhir
authors.forename: Suryaprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Mukta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bapat
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maydeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional