title: Orthodontic screws to extrude impacted maxillary canines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontic practice. Patients' refusal to participate in long-term treatment or ankylosis of the impacted tooth result in various treatment difficulties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of mini-screws in the management of unerupted upper canines.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a series of 63 consecutive patients (27 males and 36 females, age range 14-49 years, mean 22.7 years) with a total of 69 impacted maxillary canines, each impacted tooth was surgically exposed and an attachment bonded. An intraosseous screw with an endosseous body and intraoral neck section was inserted into the premolar-molar interradicular space. Following soft tissue healing, orthodontic traction was initiated. After correction of the canine angulation, the mini-screw was removed and conventional orthodontic therapy completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 69 canines, 61 (88.41%) were extruded successfully. In the 7 cases that failed, skeletal anchorage spared both patients and clinicians the disappointment of customary long-term, unsuccessful orthodontic therapy. In one patient, the mini-screw was removed because of inflammation and pain before initiating orthodontic traction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that mini-screw anchorage should be taken into consideration when extrusion of an impacted canine is planned.
authors.affiliation: Private Orthodontic Practice; Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocsis
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D003481:Cuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult