title: Analysis of early kidney damage in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease: a multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify the risk factors for early kidney damage in hospitalized Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 multicenter cross-sectional studies were conducted between January 2005 and January 2006 in Chinese CKD patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equal to or more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 in Shanghai. CKD was defined according to the K/DOQI guideline. GFR was estimated by the simplified modification of diet in renal disease equation. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed among eligible patients stratified by three different CKD groups (CKD stages 1, 2, and 3). The relevant clinical and laboratory risk factors for early kidney damage with a GFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 were determined by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 822 CKD patients were enrolled in this study. There were significant differences in age and gender among patients with CKD stages 1, 2, and 3. The prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebral vascular disease, anemia, and hyperuricemia increases when the eGFR declines. Logistic analysis showed that age, hypertension, anemia, and hyperuricemia were independently associated with early kidney damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CKD patients, we have identified only age, hypertension, anemia, and hyperuricemia as the risk factors for early kidney damage. Risk factors should be managed to prevent accelerated kidney damage in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China. chen-nan@medmail.com.cn
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Pei-Ju
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jing-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nian-Song
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jin-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007297:Inpatients; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult