title: Conventional or navigated total knee arthroplasty affects sagittal component alignment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Navigation systems have recently been developed to achieve highly reliable prosthetic alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, component alignment in the sagittal plane is less reliable than that in the coronal plane even when navigation systems are used. Previous reports examining men showed differences in targeted sagittal prosthetic alignments of TKA achieved using the conventional technique and various navigation systems. However, there have been few studies examining the use of this technique in women, who are the primary candidates for TKA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographs of the entire lower extremity were obtained from 20 elder women while standing and sagittal prosthetic alignments in TKA were planned using the conventional technique as well as three navigation approaches to establish reference frames, and the observations were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sagittal alignments simulated using the radiographs for the conventional technique and navigation systems differed within a mean of 3.2° ± 1.7° (mean ± SD) to 6.3° ± 2.0°. The use of different reference points on the distal femoral condyles (insertion point of the intramedullary rod, center of the anteroposterior direction of the femoral condyles, and most distal point of the femoral condyles) for each navigation system resulted in differences in the sagittal plane up to 3.0° ± 1.5°. The use of navigation systems resulted in a more hyperextended position between the femoral and tibial components compared to that for the conventional technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted sagittal prosthetic alignments of TKA achieved using the conventional technique and various navigation systems differed in elderly women. The use of different reference points on the distal femoral condyle for navigation systems resulted in different alignment in the sagittal plane. This study showed that alignment tendencies are similar in men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prognostic studies, IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sugama
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minoda
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikebuchi
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*