title: Development of a routine method for the simultaneous confirmation and determination of clenbuterol in urine by minimal labeling isotope pattern deconvolution and GC-EI-MS.
abstract: A novel and fast routine method for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of clenbuterol in bovine and human urine samples by gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) has been developed. The method employs isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and is based on a combination of minimal labeling (a single (13)C label in the molecule) and isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD). This new methodology does not require the construction of a methodological calibration graph, and was compared with the classical IDMS procedure employed in clenbuterol analysis based on the use of a deuterated compound as internal standard (d(9)-clenbuterol) and a calibration curve. The sample preparation consists of simple extraction with dichloromethane, which was dried and derivatized with chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane, generating a cyclic dimethylsilamorpholine (DMS) derivative suitable for GC(EI)MS detection and identification. This compound produces five intense ions in the electron ionization source, which allow the presence of clenbuterol to be confirmed in just one analysis, as demanded by European Union directives. The accuracy of the method was studied by performing recovery experiments at different concentration levels (from 0.3 to 5 ng g(-1)) in 5 mL bovine urine samples using two labeled compounds: an in-house-synthesized (13)C(1)-clenbuterol and a commercially available d(9)-clenbuterol. The detection limit of the method in human urine was 0.050 ng g(-1) with a sample volume of 10 mL, and is thus suitable for antidoping control purposes. Finally, the (13)C(1)-clenbuterol standard was employed for the determination of clenbuterol in two reference materials, BCR-503 and BCR-504 (lyophilized bovine urine). The concentrations obtained were in agreement with the certified values, with a reproducibility of below 1% RSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Antuña
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-González
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lavandera
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Centineo
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gotor
authors.forename: J Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: García Alonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002417:Cattle; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002976:Clenbuterol