title: Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside regulates fatty acid metabolism via an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway in human HepG2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic metabolic derangements are key components in the development of fatty liver disease. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in controlling hepatic lipid metabolism through modulating the downstream acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) pathway. In this study, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-g), a typical anthocyanin pigment was used to examine its effects on AMPK activation and fatty acid metabolism in human HepG2 hepatocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anthocyanin Cy-3-g increased cellular AMPK activity in a calmodulin kinase kinase dependent manner. Furthermore, Cy-3-g substantially induced AMPK downstream target ACC phosphorylation and inactivation, and then decreased malonyl CoA contents, leading to stimulation of CPT-1 expression and significant increase of fatty acid oxidation in HepG2 cells. These effects of Cy-3-g are largely abolished by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of AMPK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that Cy-3-g regulates hepatic lipid homeostasis via an AMPK-dependent signaling pathway. Targeting AMPK activation by anthocyanin may represent a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Yingdong College of Bioengineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, China. guohh1999@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Honghui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Guoling
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ruimin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008053:Lipid Mobilization; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005960:Glucosides; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase