title: Effects of alcohol on pericardial adhesion formation in hypercholesterolemic swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reoperative cardiac surgery is complicated in part because of extensive adhesions encountered during the second operation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alcohol with and without resveratrol (red wine vs vodka) on postoperative pericardial adhesion formation in a porcine model of hypercholesterolemia and chronic myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Yorkshire swine were fed a high-cholesterol diet to simulate conditions of coronary artery disease followed by surgical placement of an ameroid constrictor to induce chronic ischemia. Postoperatively, control pigs continued their high-cholesterol diet alone, whereas the 2 experimental groups had diets supplemented with red wine or vodka. Seven weeks after ameroid placement, all animals underwent reoperative sternotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, pericardial adhesion grade was markedly reduced in the vodka group, whereas there was no difference in the wine group. Intramyocardial fibrosis was significantly reduced in the vodka group compared with controls. There was no difference in expression of proteins involved in focal adhesion formation between any groups (focal adhesion kinase, integrin alpha-5, integrin beta-1, paxillin, vinculin, protein tyrosine kinase 2, protein kinase C ε, and phosphorylated protein kinase C ε). The wine group exhibited elevated C-reactive protein levels versus the control and vodka groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative vodka consumption markedly reduced the formation of pericardial adhesions and intramyocardial fibrosis, whereas red wine had no effect. Analysis of protein expression did not reveal any obvious explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting a post-translational effect of alcohol on fibrous tissue deposition. The difference in adhesion formation in the vodka versus wine groups may be due to increased inflammation in the wine group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lassaletta
authors.forename: Louis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sellke
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005355:Fibrosis; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D056346:Sternotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000431:Ethanol; D003094:Collagen