title: Catheter application, insertion vein and length of ICU stay prior to insertion affect the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Dutch PREZIES surveillance scheme for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) collects data on infection rates and related risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate risk factors for CR-BSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitals collected data for intensive care units (ICU) or for the entire hospital. All short-term central venous catheters (CVC), including Swan-Ganz catheters, present for ≥48h were surveyed, except in cases when bacteraemia was present at insertion. CVCs were monitored until infection, removal or death for up to 28 days. Data were collected on 3750 CVCs and 29,003 CVC-days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the CVCs surveyed, 1.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.0] resulted in CR-BSI, representing 2.0/1000 CVC-days (95% CI 1.6-2.6). Multi-variate analysis revealed that the length of ICU stay prior to CVC insertion, insertion in the jugular or femoral vein, and use of the CVC to deliver total parenteral nutrition increased the risk of CR-BSI, whereas use of the CVC to deliver antibiotics decreased the risk of CR-BSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attention to these risks has the potential to reduce the incidence of CR-BSI.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. tjallie.van.der.kooi@rivm.nl
authors.forename: T I I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: van der Kooi
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wille
authors.forename: B H B
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: van Benthem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007601:Jugular Veins; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000379:methods; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents