title: Simplified technique for minimally invasive repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia using hollow-needle snare and transthoracic traction stitches.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive (MI) congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair can be challenging. Placing rib-anchoring stitches without creating skin incisions and closing wider defects are some of the difficulties. In Bochdaleck hernia repair, maintaining visceral reduction and minimizing pneumothorax use are additional obstacles. We describe the use of hollow-needle snares (HNS) and transthoracic traction stitches (TTS) to overcome these challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hollow-needle snares is assembled by passing a prolene stitch through a hollow needle creating a retractable snare, which is used to extract the placed anchoring stitches by passing it over the ribs but through the same stitch's skin entrance site. In Bochdaleck hernia, the early placement of TTS using HNS can facilitate visceral reduction, patch lay down, and tension-free closure of possible residual V-shaped defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between July 2009 and April 2011, we performed 10 consecutive MI CDH repairs for 9 patients, including 7 Bochdaleck and 3 Morgagni hernias. The median age was 8 days (range, 3-172 days), and the mean operative time was 148.5 ± 37.8 minutes for Bochdaleck hernia repairs. For Morgagni hernia, the median age was 18.3 months (range, 10.5-37 months), and the mean operative time was 100 ± 26.5 minutes. All cases were completed without conversion. One patient had a hernia recurrence and was repaired similarly, whereas the others had uneventful recovery at a median follow-up of 5.8 months (range, 1.1-23.7 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hollow-needle snare and TTS are simple and available tools that can facilitate MI repair of CDH. This initial experience demonstrates the technique's effectiveness and its excellent cosmetic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. aaljazaeri@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Jazaeri
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000601:surgery; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013537:Sutures; D013906:Thoracoscopy