title: Immunomodulatory effects of Alliums and Ipomoea batata extracts on lymphocytes and macrophages functions in White Leghorn chickens: in vitro study.
abstract: We previously described that supplementary garlic, onion and purple sweet potato (PSP) enhance humoral immune response in White Leghorn chickens. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the effects of garlic (GE), onion (OE) and PSP (PSPE) extracts on proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (INF)-γ gene expression of stimulated lymphocytes. The effects on microbicidal activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) productions of stimulated peritoneal macrophages were studied as well. The results showed that GE augmented Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocytes (4, 8 and 16µg/mL) and thymocytes (2, 4 and 8µg/mL) proliferations, and gene expression of IL-2 (8 and 16µg/mL) and INF-γ (16µg/mL). None of the examined extracts had mitogenic effect nor stimulated bursacytes response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Macrophages exhibited superior microbicidal activity and ROS production with GE at 4 and 8µg/mL and with OE at 25.6µg/mL. None of the extracts showed stimulatory effects on NO production. The extracts showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on all measured parameters at higher concentrations. Taken together, it is likely that garlic has direct stimulatory effects on immune cell functions, whereas the in vitro inhibitory effects of onion and PSP were likely attributed to high flavonoid contents.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hamza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanieh
authors.forename: Kiyoaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narabara
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Asaki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000490:Allium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D027741:Ipomoea / Q000737:chemistry; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma