title: Correlates of HIV Infection Among Sexually Active Adults in Kenya: A National Population-Based Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with prevalent HIV in a national HIV survey in Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey was a nationally representative population-based sero-survey that examined demographic and behavioral factors and serologic testing for HIV, HSV-2 and syphilis in adults aged 15-64 years. We analyzed questionnaire and blood testing data to identify significant correlates of HIV infection among sexually active adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 10,957 eligible women and 8,883 men, we interviewed 10,239 (93%) women and 7,731 (87%) men. We collected blood specimens from 9,049 women and 6,804 men of which 6,447 women and 5,112 men were sexually active during the 12 months prior to the survey. HIV prevalence among sexually active adults was 7.4%. Factors independently associated with HIV among women were region (Nyanza vs Nairobi: adjusted OR [AOR] 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.3), number of lifetime sex partners (6-9 vs 0-1 partners: AOR 3.0, 95%CI 1.6-5.9), HSV-2 (AOR 6.5, 95%CI 4.9-8.8), marital status (widowed vs never married: AOR 2.7, 95%CI 1.5-4.8) and consistent condom use with last sex partner (AOR 2.3, 95%CI 1.6-3.4). Among men, correlates of HIV infection were 30-to-39-year-old age group (AOR 5.2, 95%CI 2.6-10.5), number of lifetime sex partners (10+ vs 0-1 partners, AOR 3.5, 95%CI 1.4-9.0), HSV-2 (AOR 4.7, 95%CI 3.2-6.8), syphilis (AOR 2.4, 95%CI 1.4-4.0), consistent condom use with last sex partner (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.1) and lack of circumcision (AOR 4.0, 95%CI 2.8 - 5.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kenya's heterogeneous epidemic will require regional and gender-specific prevention approaches.
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oluoch
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bunnell
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gichangi
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: Sufia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadabhai
authors.forename: Lawrence
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authors.lastname: Marum
authors.forename: Alloys
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orago
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mermin