title: Application of numerical methods for diffusion-based modeling of skin permeation.
abstract: The application of numerical methods for mechanistic, diffusion-based modeling of skin permeation is reviewed. Methods considered here are finite difference, method of lines, finite element, finite volume, random walk, cellular automata, and smoothed particle hydrodynamics. First the methods are briefly explained with rudimentary mathematical underpinnings. Current state of the art numerical models are described, and then a chronological overview of published models is provided. Key findings and insights of reviewed models are highlighted. Model results support a primarily transcellular pathway with anisotropic lipid transport. Future endeavors would benefit from a fundamental analysis of drug/vehicle/skin interactions.
authors.affiliation: Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. HFrasch@cdc.gov
authors.forename: H Frederick
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Frasch
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barbero
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001692:Biological Transport; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010539:Permeability; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations