title: Tooth and periodontal clinical attachment loss are associated with hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontal disease has been associated with diabetes, but there is still controversy on the relationship between periodontal clinical parameters and glycemic control. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between blood glucose levels and clinical parameters of periodontal disease in individuals with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 65 individuals with diabetes and 81 individuals without diabetes were included in the study. A full-mouth periodontal examination and preprandial fasting glycemia values were recorded for each individual. Glycosylated hemoglobin was only measured in patients with diabetes. A comparative analysis between groups (Mann-Whitney U test) and a correlation analysis between glycemia and periodontal parameters were performed (Spearman test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients without diabetes presented more teeth than individuals with diabetes (P <0.05). Patients with diabetes with periodontitis displayed loss of periodontal clinical attachment compared to patients without diabetes, but the highest value was observed in patients with periodontitis that reported a smoking habit. Furthermore, patients with diabetes with periodontitis presented higher glycemia and glycated hemoglobin values in contrast to patients with gingivitis. Patients with diabetes with hyperglycemia had a higher risk to develop periodontitis (odds ratio = 2.24; 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 4.93). A positive correlation was observed between glycemia and clinical attachment loss (AL), whereas a negative correlation between glycemia and the number of teeth present was found (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tooth and periodontal AL were increased by hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes. This study contributes additional evidence that diabetes could aggravate periodontal disease and affect the systemic health of individuals.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. drjavo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Javier Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Botero
authors.forename: Fanny Lucia
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yepes
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roldán
authors.forename: Cesar Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Castrillón
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hincapie
authors.forename: Sandra Paola
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: Carlos Andrés
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ospina
authors.forename: María Alejandra
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
authors.forename: Sonia Jakeline
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin