title: The effects of different chilling methods on meat quality and calpain activity of pork muscle longissimus dorsi.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional chilling (0 to 4 °C), rapid chilling (RC, -20 °C for 30 min, followed by 0 to 4 °C), and short-duration chilling (0 to 4 °C for 30 min, followed by 25 °C) on meat quality and calpain activity of pork muscle longissimus dorsi (LD). The muscle quality characteristics pH, color, cooking loss, pressing loss and tenderness, and calpain activities were measured 0-, 3-, 12-, and 24-h postmortem. Results show that the RC resulted in a faster temperature decline of the muscle, and prevented the meat pH and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L* value from declining during postmortem aging. RC also reduced meat cooking loss and pressing loss compared with the other two chilling methods. However, the chilling methods did not significantly affect meat shear force. During the first 24-h postmortem, there was not a noticeable change in the activity of m-calpain. But μ-calpain activity decreased regardless of chilling method. In the rapidly chilled carcasses, μ-calpain activity remained the same 3- and 12-h postmortem. However, in the short-duration chilled and conventionally chilled carcasses, the activity was visibly reduced. At 24-h postmortem, no clear zones on the gel were observed in all three treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional and RC methods are commonly used for pork in commercial practice nowadays. Compared with conventional chilling, the effect of RC on quality parameters of pork varies. In recent years, short-duration chilling (SC) is widely used in many Chinese pig slaughtering facilities. However, few researchers have studied the effect of SD on pork quality. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of different chilling methods on functionalities or quality of chilled pork meat.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ji-Chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bao-Cai
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guang-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002681:China; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D010858:Pigmentation; D011786:Quality Control; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D033081:Shear Strength; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002154:Calpain; C449000:m-calpain; C449002:mu-calpain