title: Outpatient blind percutaneous liver biopsy in infants and children: is it safe?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aim to investigate the safety of outpatient blind percutaneous liver biopsy (BPLB) in infants and children with chronic liver disease (CLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  BPLB was performed as an outpatient procedure using the aspiration Menghini technique in 80 infants and children, aged 2 months to 14 yrs, for diagnosis of their CLD. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (<1 year), group 2 (1-6 yrs), and group 3 (6-14 yrs). The vital signs were closely monitored 1 hr before biopsy, and then 1, 2, 6, and 24 hrs after biopsy. Twenty-four hours pre- and post-biopsy complete blood counts, liver enzymes, prothrombin time (PT), and abdominal ultrasonography, searching for a biopsy-induced hematoma, were done for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No mortality or major morbidities were encountered after BPLB. The rate of minor complications was 17.5% including irritability or "pain" requiring analgesia in 10%, mild fever in 5%, and drowsiness for >6 hrs due to oversedation in 2.5%. There was a statistically significant rise in the 1-hr post-biopsy mean heart and respiratory rates, but the rise was non-significant at 6 and 24 hrs except for group 2 where heart rate and respiratory rates significantly dropped at 24 hrs. No statistically significant difference was noted between the mean pre-biopsy and the 1, 6, and 24-hrs post-biopsy values of blood pressure in all groups. The 24-hrs post-biopsy mean hemoglobin and hematocrit showed a significant decrease, while the 24-hrs post-biopsy mean total leucocyte and platelet counts showed non-significant changes. The 24-hrs post-biopsy mean liver enzymes were non-significantly changed except the 24-hrs post-biopsy mean PT which was found to be significantly prolonged, for a yet unknown reason(s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outpatient BPLB performed by the Menghini technique is safe and well tolerated even in infants and young children. Frequent, close monitoring of patients is strongly recommended to achieve optimal patient safety and avoid potential complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mortada H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: El-Shabrawi
authors.forename: Hanaa M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El-Karaksy
authors.forename: Sawsan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Okahsa
authors.forename: Naglaa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Gamal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: El-Batran
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Badr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D061214:Patient Safety; D013396:Suction