title: Risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula in patients with insulinomas: analysis of 292 consecutive cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic fistula (PF) remains the most challenging complication in pancreatic surgery, yet few published studies have focused on the risk factors for postoperative PF in patients undergoing surgery for insulinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1990 to February 2010, a total of 292 patients with insulinomas underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Demographic data, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative data were collected. Particular attention was paid to variables associated with PF as defined by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify possible risk factors for PF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PF was found in 132 (45.2%) patients, of whom 90 were classified into ISGPF grade A, 33 grade B, and 9 grade C. Multivariate analysis showed that male patients (OR=2.56; P=0.007) and operative time >180 minutes (OR=3.756; P<0.0001) were independent risk factors for clinical PF. Pancreatic resection with stapler was a protective factor for both total PF (OR=0.022; P=0.010) and clinical PF (OR=0.097; P=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male gender and operative time >180 minutes were independent risk factors for clinical PF, while pancreatic resection with a stapler was a protective factor. Whether body mass index (BMI) and other variables during operation are risk factors of PF needs further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. zhao8028@263.net
authors.forename: Yu-Pei
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Han-Xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Tai-Ping
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Meng-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Li-Xing
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017792:Surgical Stapling; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome