title: Changes of skin temperature of parts of the body and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in type-2 diabetes mellitus Indian patients.
abstract: In India, number of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) would be 87 million by the year 2030. DM disturbs autonomic regulation of skin micro-circulation, and causes decrease in resting blood flows through the skin. The skin blood flow has a major effect on its temperature. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes of skin temperature of all parts of the body and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA (μmol/L) in type-2 DM Indian patients. Group-I: Normal (n = 17; M/F: 10/15, mean ± SD = 43.2 ± 9.4 years); Group-II: Type-2 DM without cardiovascular (CV) complications (n = 15; M/F: 10/7, mean ± SD = 46.3 ± 14.0 years); Thermograms of all parts of the body were acquired using a non-contact infrared (IR) thermography camera (ThermaCAM T400, FLIR Systems, Sweden). Blood parameters and thyroid hormone were measured biochemically. Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS) was calculated for each subject. In type-2 DM patients without CV group (n = 15), there was a statistically significant (p = 0.01) negative correlations between HbA(1c) and skin temperature of eye and nose (r = -0.57 and r = -0.55 respectively). ADMA was correlated significantly (p = 0.01) with HbA(1c) (r = 0.65) and estimated average glucose, eAG (r = 0.63). In normal subjects, mean minimum and maximum values of skin temperatures were observed at posterior side of sole (26.89 °C) and ear (36.85 °C) respectively. In type-2 DM without CV, mean values of skin temperature in different parts of the body from head to toe were lesser than those values in control group; but this decreases were statistically significant in nose (32.66 Vs 33.99 °C, p = 0.024) as well as in tibia (32.78 Vs 33.13 °C, p = 0.036) regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. hod.bm@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anburajan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivanandam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bidyarasmi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venkatraman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menaka
authors.forename: Baldev
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013696:Temperature; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine