title: Dairy-rich diets augment fat loss on an energy-restricted diet: a multicenter trial.
abstract: A 12-week randomized controlled multi-center clinical trial was conducted in 106 overweight and obese adults. Diets were designed to produce a 2,093 kJ/day energy deficit with either low calcium (LC; ~600 mg/day), high calcium (HC; ~1,400 mg/day), or high dairy (HD; three dairy servings, diet totaling ~1,400 mg/day). Ninety-three subjects completed the trial, and 68 met all a priori weekly compliance criteria. Both HC and HD contained comparable levels of calcium, but HC was only ~30% as effective as HD in suppressing 1,25-(OH)(2)D and exerted no significant effects on weight loss or body composition compared to LC. In the group that met compliance criteria, HD resulted in ~two-fold augmentation of fat loss compared to LC and HC (HD: -4.43 ± 0.53 kg; LC: -2.69 ± 0.0.53 kg; HC: -2.23 ± 0.73 kg, p < 0.025); assessment of all completers and an intent-to-treat analysis produced similar trends. HD augmentated central (trunk) fat loss (HD: -2.38 ± 0.30 kg; HC: -1.42 ± 0.30 kg; LC: -1.36 ± 0.42 kg, p < 0.05) and waist circumference (HD: -7.65 ± 0.75 cm; LC: -4.92 ± 0.74 cm; LC: -4.95 ± 1.05 cm, p < 0.025). Similar effects were noted among all subjects completing the study and in an intent-to-treat analysis. These data indicate that dairy-rich diets augment weight loss by targeting the fat compartment during energy restriction.
authors.affiliation: The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. mzemel@utk.edu
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teegarden
authors.forename: Marta Van
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Loan
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schoeller
authors.forename: Velimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matkovic
authors.forename: Roseann M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lyle
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003611:Dairy Products; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D