title: ERK5 and its role in tumour development.
abstract: The MEK5 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 5]/ERK5 pathway is the least well studied MAPK signalling module. It has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of cancer. In the present paper, we review the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway using the 'hallmarks of cancer' as a framework and consider how this pathway is deregulated. As well as playing a key role in endothelial cell survival and tubular morphogenesis during tumour neovascularization, ERK5 is also emerging as a regulator of tumour cell invasion and migration. Several oncogenes can stimulate ERK5 activity, and protein levels are increased by a novel amplification at chromosome locus 17p11 and by down-regulation of the microRNAs miR-143 and miR-145. Together, these finding underscore the case for further investigation into understanding the role of ERK5 in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Signalling and Cell Fate, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. pamela.lochhead@babraham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lochhead
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilley
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D048671:MAP Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7; D048671:MAP Kinase Kinase 5; C482563:MAP2K5 protein, human