title: Chemical compositions extracted from Wikstroemia indica and their multiple activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rhizome of Wikstroemia indica (L.) C. A. Mey (Thymelaeaceae) is widespread in China which has been widely used in China as folk medicine for the treatment of syphilis, arthritis, whooping cough, and cancer. Due to its multiactivities, its extract has an attractive potential as a promising natural agent in the pharmaceutical industries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aims of this study were to optimize the extraction process of the flavonoids from W. indica, and evaluate its multiple activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  An orthogonal test design was employed to optimize the extraction procedure of flavonoids from W. indica. And multichromatography and spectroscopy were used to study the chemical compounds of W. indica, while several bioactivity assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities of W. indica.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimal extraction conditions were determined: ethanol concentration was 60%; extraction time was 60 min; liquid-solid ratio was 16:1 and the power of ultrasonic instrument was 160 W. Four compounds: daphnoretin, chrysophanol, myricitrime and rutin were purified from W. indica, and chrysophanol was identified from this plant for the first time. The extract of W. indica displayed significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Daphnoretin showed a significant inhibition effect on CNE cells and HeLa cells lines at the concentrations ranging from 15.6 to 125 μg/mL, the tendency of antitumor effect was displayed in a concentration-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracts of W. indica could potentially be used as a promising natural agent in the pharmaceutical industries.
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032365:Wikstroemia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts