title: Orthotopic liver transplantation: reversible Doppler US findings in the immediate postoperative period.
abstract: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only definitive treatment for irreversible acute liver failure and chronic liver disease. In the immediate postoperative period after OLT, patients are closely monitored with Doppler ultrasonography (US) to detect treatable vascular complications and ensure graft survival. The first postoperative Doppler US examination is performed fairly early on the first postoperative day, before surgical wound closure has been performed. The immediate postoperative images, obtained when the effects of surgery are very recent, often reveal an array of findings that may appear alarming but that tend to normalize within a few days and are compatible with changes related to the surgery itself. These findings include a starry-sky appearance of reperfusion hepatic edema, transient foci of increased echogenicity, pneumobilia, small fluid collections, perihepatic hematomas, pleural effusion, temporary elevation of hepatic arterial velocity, transient elevation of resistive index (RI), decreased RI with tardus parvus waveform, increased portal venous flow and mono- or biphasic waveforms of the hepatic veins. Most of these changes revert to normal in the first postoperative week; deterioration atypical of transient changes requires further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Abdominal Imaging, HB6, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. rupansanyal@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rupan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.forename: Chandana G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lall
authors.forename: Ramit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamba
authors.forename: Sadhna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Shetal N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Temel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tirkes
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Kumaresan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandrasegaran
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*