title: Current management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: Despite the introduction of proton pump inhibitors and modern flexible endoscopy techniques, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is still a common and serious condition. Once considered the domain of surgery, it is now uncommon to treat endoscopically controllable bleeding surgically. Therefore, most surgically treated cases are complicated and associated with a high mortality rate. This article presents the current management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Besides the description of current endoscopic treatment, medical prophylaxis and treatment, as well as radiological intervention, the article describes the indication and the surgical procedure.
authors.affiliation: Working Group for Experimental Minimally Invasive Surgery and Training, Clinic for Visceral General and Transplant Surgery, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany. akirschniak@aol.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirschniak
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stierle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gensior
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falch
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000628:therapy; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents