title: Intravenous Lacosamide in refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients present with refractory Status epilepticus (SE) despite multiple anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Lacosamide (LCM) was recently approved as an adjunct AED for partial-onset seizures. It has unique mechanism of modulating voltage-gated sodium channels by enhancing their slow inactivation. LCM has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of pharmacoresistant seizures. To date, there are isolated anecdotal reports of LCM use in SE.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report a single center experience with IV Lacosamide in patients with NCSE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacy records were reviewed to identify patients with SE who received IV LCM in our institution. Data on demographics, response to therapy and adverse effects/outcomes were analyzed. All patients had continuous EEG monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10 patients (4 men, 6 women), age 16-90 years with refractory SE were given LCM. Eight patients were in focal non-convulsive SE (NCSE), 2 were in generalized non-convulsive SE. The etiologies included anoxic brain injury, idiopathic, encephalitis, tumor, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), stroke, and AVM. IV LCM was added after traditional AEDs, including drug-induced coma in some, failed to control the SE. NCSE resolved in 7/10 patients whereas 1/10 patient showed partial response with cessation of NCSE but still frequent electrographic seizures and 2/10 patients were resistant to therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCM is a useful adjunct in refractory NCSE. The IV formulation allows prompt administration in the intensive care unit setting. Response was seen especially in focal SE. Similar to other AEDs, response was poor in patients with postanoxic injury. Our data is limited by the small number of patients. Larger controlled studies are necessary to assess accurately the efficacy of IV LCM as an early treatment of SE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States. mnatsakl@uci.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mnatsakanyan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Tsimerinov
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Eliashiv
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D000078334:Lacosamide; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000078334:Lacosamide