title: Occupational hand dermatitis among cement workers in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Occupational dermatitis among cement workers is a major occupational health concern. The two most important occupational hazards for cement workers are irritant and allergic cement contact dermatitis. The objective of this study was to investigate the severity of occupational cement contact dermatitis and the common allergens among cement workers in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 97 cement workers from the Cement Workers' Association of Tainan City and County participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the demographic data and work-related activities of these cement workers. A complete skin examination was conducted, and skin manifestations were assessed by a dermatologist. Allergens from European Standard Tray (Chemotechnique Diagnostic AB, Sweden) with a total of 25 substances were used for patch testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that 65 out of 97 cement workers were suffering from occupational cement hand contact dermatitis. The most affected skin area was the hand. Thickening of the dorsal surface of the hand, especially around the metacarpophalangeal joint area, and hyperkeratosis of the palm were the major skin manifestations. The results of the patch test showed that 24 out of 97 were allergic to potassium dichromate, nine were allergic to thiuram mix, nine were allergic to fragrance mix and seven were allergic to cobalt chloride. The final diagnosis, based on the results of the skin examination and the patch test, showed that 43 of 97 cement workers had irritant cement contact dermatitis and 22 had allergic cement contact dermatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that occupational cement hand dermatitis among cement workers is an important and severe issue in Taiwan, and the most common allergens among cement workers are potassium dichromate, thiuram mix, fragrance mix and cobalt chloride. The high positive rate of chromium hypersensitivity among cement workers reflects the urgency to regulate the addition of ferrous sulfate to cement in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bour-Jr
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jyun-De
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shiann-Cherng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Tung-Sheng
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Ho-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yue-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ying-Jan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tzu-Chieh
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000009:adverse effects; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D003035:Cobalt; C018021:cobaltous chloride; D011192:Potassium Dichromate