title: Sialylation-independent mechanism involved in the amelioration of murine immune thrombocytopenia using intravenous gammaglobulin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sialylation of the N-linked glycan on asparagine-297 within the Fc region of intravenous gammaglobulins (IVIgs) was shown to be necessary for efficacy of IVIg in the amelioration of experimental inflammatory arthritis. To test the role for Fc sialylation of IVIg in immune modulating therapies beyond the K/BxN arthritis model, we examined the efficacy of sialylated compared to nonsialylated IVIg for the ability to attenuate immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in a mouse model that approximates the clinical setting of human ITP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a published, passive anti-platelet (PLT) dose-escalation mouse model of ITP that approximates clinical ITP. PLT counts were followed over time before and after IVIg treatment. IVIg from two different manufacturers was used to prepare untreated and neuraminidase-treated IVIg. Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) affinity chromatography was used to obtain sialic acid-enriched and -depleted IVIg. Sialic acid content was determined using Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results were the same using sialylated and desialylated (neuraminidase-treated) IVIg from two different manufacturers. No differences were observed between sialic acid-enriched and -depleted IVIg compared to normal IVIg in their efficacy to alleviate ITP. Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, no increase in the spleen FcγRIIB mRNA was detectable, but a pronounced increase of FcγRIIB mRNA in the marrow was seen after IVIg administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that IVIg ameliorates experimental ITP by a mechanism that is independent of sialylation either in the Fc or the Fab region of IVIg.
authors.affiliation: Research & Development, Canadian Blood Services, Immunology Hub, Toronto Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Danila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leontyev
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsman
authors.forename: Xue-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miescher
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Käsermann
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Branch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001216:Asparagine / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010976:Platelet Count; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C499172:Fcgr2b protein, mouse; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D037121:Plant Lectins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017452:Receptors, IgG; C050600:Sambucus nigra lectins; D001216:Asparagine; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid