title: Phytoremediation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using wild type and transgenic tobacco plants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transgenic plant strategies based on peroxidase expression or overexpression would be useful for phenolic compound removal since these enzymes play an important role in phenolic polymerizing reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thus, double transgenic (DT) plants for basic peroxidases were obtained and characterized in order to compare the tolerance and efficiency for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) removal with WT and simple transgenic plants expressing TPX1 or TPX2 gene. Several DT plants showed the expression of both transgenes and proteins, as well as increased peroxidase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DT lines showed higher tolerance to 2,4-DCP at early stage of development since their germination index was higher than that of WT seedlings exposed to 25 mg/L of the pollutant. High 2,4-DCP removal efficiencies were found for WT tobacco plants. TPX1 transgenic plants and DT (line d) reached slightly higher removal efficiencies for 10 mg/L of 2,4-DCP than WT plants, while DT plants (line A) showed the highest removal efficiencies (98%). These plants showed an increase of 21% and 14% in 2,4-DCP removal efficiency for solutions containing 10 and 25 mg/L 2,4-DCP, respectively, compared with WT plants. In addition, an almost complete toxicity reduction of postremoval solutions using WT and DT plants was obtained through AMPHITOX test, which indicates that the 2,4-DCP degradation products would be similar for both plants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are relevant in the field of phytoremediation application and, moreover, they highlight the safety of using DT tobacco plants because nontoxic products were formed after an efficient 2,4-DCP removal.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. melinatalano@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Melina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Talano
authors.forename: Débora C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Busso
authors.forename: Cintia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Paisio
authors.forename: Paola S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Silvia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Purro
authors.forename: María I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agostini
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D009195:Peroxidase; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol