title: Urinary incontinence in children: botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment option.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's aim was to assess the use of intravesical injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) as a treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-year retrospective study of children who received BoNT-A for OAB was performed. Treatment outcome was classified as complete success (CS), partial success (PS) or treatment failure (TF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 57 patients who received BoNT-A treatment for OAB, 35 were males. CS occurred in 74.2% of males and 54.5% of females. PS was achieved in 20% of males and 18.2% of females. TF occurred in 2.9% of males and 22.7% of females. Anticholinergics had previously been used and had been effective in 58.6% and 83.3% of males and females. Significant side effects to medications were experienced in 12 (41.4%) males and 4 (22.2%) females. Of these, BoNT-A achieved CS in seven (53.3%) males and two (50%) females and PS in three (25%) males and one (25%) female. BoNT-A was successful in seven (58.3%) males and two (66.7%) females where anticholinergics were ineffective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BoNT-A has a role in a carefully selected subgroup of children with overactive bladder symptoms including those with medication side effects and treatment compliance issues. It may have a role in patients who do not respond to conventional therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
authors.forename: Dermot Thomas
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noone
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tareen
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waldron
authors.forename: Feargal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000293:Adolescent; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA