title: Responsive fluorescent Bi(2)O(3)@PVA hybrid nanogels for temperature-sensing, dual-modal imaging, and drug delivery.
abstract: The polymer-inorganic hybrid nanogels with temperature-responsive characteristic are of considerable current interest to many fields ranging from fundamental biomaterials science to bionanomedicine. This paper reports the preparation of temperature-responsive hybrid nanogels by immobilization of Bi(2)O(3) quantum dots (QDs) in the interior of a nanogel of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Unlike conventional temperature-responsive hybrid nanogels with the responsive features deriving from the temperature-responsive polymers (e.g. PNIPAMs or non-linear PEGs), we demonstrate that QDs can work cooperatively with the gel networks of PVA, an unconventional responsive polymer, to enable the temperature-induced volume phase transition of the designed Bi(2)O(3)@PVA hybrid nanogels. Building on the rationales, Bi(2)O(3)@PVA hybrid nanogels can adapt to a surrounding fluids of different temperatures over the physiologically important range of 37-40 °C, convert the disruptions in homeostasis of environmental temperature into high-sensitive fluorescent signals, enter into the mouse melanoma B16F10 cells for dark-field and fluorescence dual-modal imaging, and regulate the release of a model anticancer drug temozolomide. The unconventional strategy that can broaden the design scheme of temperature-responsive hybrid nanogels for theranostic action should enhance our ability to address the complexity of biological systems.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yaoxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Runqi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Weitai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shuiqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D000080385:Nanogels; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition / Q000187:drug effects; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D000077204:Temozolomide; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000080385:Nanogels; D010087:Oxides; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003606:Dacarbazine; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D001729:Bismuth; D000077204:Temozolomide