title: Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles diagnosed with three-dimensional reconstruction.
abstract: Bifid mandibular condyles (BMCs) are rare anomalies. The overwhelming majority of prior reports described their predominantly unilateral occurrence diagnosed by panoramic radiography. We present an even rarer case of bilateral BMC initially identified by panoramic radiography and confirmed with colour-enhanced three-dimensional CT. These images substantiate the theory that the secondary condyles arise from the neck of the mandible (Lopez-Lopez et al. Bifid condyle: review of the literature of the last 10 years and report of two cases. Cianio 2010; 28: 136-140).
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd. W160, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*