title: Proteomic analysis of eccrine sweat: implications for the discovery of schizophrenia biomarker proteins.
abstract: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) proteomics analyses were performed on eccrine sweat of healthy controls, and the results were compared with those from individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ). This is the first large scale study of the sweat proteome. First, we performed LC-MS/MS on pooled SZ samples and pooled control samples for global proteomics analysis. Results revealed a high abundance of diverse proteins and peptides in eccrine sweat. Most of the proteins identified from sweat samples were found to be different than the most abundant proteins from serum, which indicates that eccrine sweat is not simply a plasma transudate and may thereby be a source of unique disease-associated biomolecules. A second independent set of patient and control sweat samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and spectral counting to determine qualitative protein differential abundances between the control and disease groups. Differential abundances of selected proteins, initially determined by spectral counting, were verified by MRM-MS analyses. Seventeen proteins showed a differential abundance of approximately 2-fold or greater between the SZ pooled sample and the control pooled sample. This study demonstrates the utility of LC-MS/MS and MRM-MS as a viable strategy for the discovery and verification of potential sweat protein disease biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States. mraisza3@gmu.edu
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Raiszadeh
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schaepper
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soeprono
authors.forename: Julia D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wulfkuhle
authors.forename: Emanuel F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Petricoin
authors.forename: Lance A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Liotta
authors.forename: Wolff M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kirsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004439:Eccrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism*; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020543:Proteome