title: Red blood cells protect albumin from cigarette smoke-induced oxidation.
abstract: Different studies reported the presence of oxidized (carbonylated) albumin in the extravascular pool, but not in the intravascular one of cigarette smokers. In this study we attempted to explain this apparent discrepancy exposing human serum albumin (HSA) to aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE). CSE induces HSA carbonylation and oxidation of the HSA Cys34 sulfhydryl group. An antioxidant action of glutathione, cysteine, and its synthetic derivative N-acetylcysteine was observed only at supra-physiological concentrations, suggesting that physiological (plasma) concentrations of glutathione and cysteine in the low micromolar range are ineffective in preventing cigarette smoke-induced oxidation of HSA. Differently, human erythrocytes resulted to be protective towards CSE-induced oxidation (carbonylation and thiol oxidation) of both HSA and total human plasma proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Ranieri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gagliano
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Portinaro
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clerici
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Annibal
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giustarini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milzani
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dalle-Donne
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D012906:Smoke; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine