title: Metal artefact reduction with cone beam CT: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metal in a patient's mouth has been shown to cause artefacts that can interfere with the diagnostic quality of cone beam CT. Recently, a manufacturer has made an algorithm and software available which reduces metal streak artefact (Picasso Master 3D® machine; Vatech, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether or not the metal artefact reduction algorithm was effective and enhanced the contrast-to-noise ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phantom was constructed incorporating three metallic beads and three epoxy resin-based bone substitutes to simulate bone next to metal. The phantom was placed in the centre of the field of view and at the periphery. 10 data sets were acquired at 50-90 kVp. The images obtained were analysed using a public domain software ImageJ (NIH Image, Bethesda, MD). Profile lines were used to evaluate grey level changes and area histograms were used to evaluate contrast. The contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metal artefact reduction option reduced grey value variation and increased the contrast-to-noise ratio. The grey value varied least when the phantom was in the middle of the volume and the metal artefact reduction was activated. The image quality improved as the peak kilovoltage increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better images of a phantom were obtained when the metal artefact reduction algorithm was used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxilloficial Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, TX, USA. boulosbchara@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McMahan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noujeim
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003722:Dental Alloys; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003722:Dental Alloys; D004853:Epoxy Resins