title: Field detection of resistance to isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate in Trypanosoma vivax from the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun in Burkina Faso.
abstract: A longitudinal study assessed the chemoresistance to isometamidium chloride (ISM) and diminazene aceturate (DA) in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun in Burkina Faso. A preliminary cross-sectional survey allowed the identification of the 10 villages with the highest parasitological prevalences (from 2.1% to 16.1%). In each of these 10 villages, two herds of approximately 50 bovines were selected, one being treated with ISM (1mg/kg b.w.) and the other remaining untreated as control group. All animals (treated and untreated herds) becoming infected were treated with DA (3.5mg/kg b.w.). In total, 978 head of cattle were followed up. Fortnightly controls of the parasitaemia and PCV were carried out during 8 weeks. The main trypanosome species was Trypanosoma vivax (83.6%) followed by Trypanosoma congolense (16.4%). In two villages, less than 25% of the control untreated cattle became positive indicating no need to use prophylactic treatment. These two villages were not further studied. Resistance to ISM was observed in 5 of the remaining 8 villages (Débé, Bendougou, Kangotenga, Mou and Laro) where the relative risk (control/treated hazard ratios) of becoming infected was lower than 2 i.e. between 0.89 (95% CI: 0.43-2.74) and 1.75 (95% CI: 0.57-5.37). In contrast, this study did not show evidence of resistance to DA in the surveyed villages with only 8.6% (n=93) of the cattle relapsing after treatment. Our results suggest that because of the low prevalence of multiple resistances in the area a meticulous use of the sanative pair system would constitute the best option to delay as much as possible the spread of chemoresistance till complete eradication of the disease by vector control operations.
authors.affiliation: Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en Zone subhumide (CIRDES), 01 BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sow
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sidibé
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bengaly
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marcotty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Séré
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Vitouley
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nebié
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouédraogo
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Akoda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van den Bossche
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Den Abbeele
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Deken
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delespaux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004133:Diminazene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016689:Trypanosoma vivax / Q000187:drug effects*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014354:Trypanosomiasis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D010617:Phenanthridines; C000702:isometamidium chloride; C003915:diminazene aceturate; D004133:Diminazene