title: Characterization and Safety of Uniform Particle Size NovaSil Clay as a Potential Aflatoxin Enterosorbent.
abstract: NovaSil (NS) clay, a common anti-caking agent in animal feeds, has been shown to adsorb aflatoxins and diminish their bioavailability in multiple animal models. The safety of long-term dietary exposure to NS has also been demonstrated in a 6-month sub-chronic study in rats and in a 3-month intervention in humans highly exposed to aflatoxins. Uniform particle size NovaSil (UPSN) is a refined material derived from parent NS; it contains lower levels of dioxins/furans, and has been selected for a more consistent uniform particle size. Nevertheless, the efficacy and potential safety/toxicity of UPSN for long term-use has not yet been determined. In this research, 4-week-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were fed rations free of clay (control) and containing UPSN at low dose (0.25%) and high dose (2%) for 13 weeks. AFB(1) sorption characteristics remained the same for both clays. When compared to the control, total body weight gain was unaffected in either sex at the doses tested. No UPSN-dependent differences in relative organ weights or gross appearance were observed. Isolated differences between UPSN groups and the control were observed for some biochemical parameters and selected vitamins and minerals. None of these differences were dose-dependent, and all parameters fell between ranges reported as normal for rats less than 6 month old. The Na/K ratio, Na and vitamin E concentrations were the only parameters that were increased in both males and females in the low dose and high dose UPSN groups. Serum Zn levels in males from the 2% UPSN treatment were lower compared to the control. Serum K levels were lower in the males of UPSN groups than in the control. However, neither Na/K ratio, K, nor Zn values were dose dependent and fell outside ranges reported as normal. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of UPSN at levels as high as 2% (w/w) does not result in overt toxicity. Nevertheless, further research on the effects of clays on Na, Zn, K and vitamin E is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University 77843-4458 TAMU, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marroquín-Cardona
authors.forename: Y
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authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia-Mazcorro
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Phillips