title: Anti-aging efficacy of topical formulations containing niosomes entrapped with rice bran bioactive compounds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rice [Oryza sativa L. (Gramineae)] bran is a rich source of phytochemicals. Its oil also contains several bioactive components that exhibit antioxidative properties such as ferulic acid (F), γ-oryzanol (O), and phytic acid (P) which can be a new source of cosmetic raw materials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anti-aging effects of the gel and cream containing niosomes entrapped with the rice bran bioactive compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The semi-purified rice bran extracts containing F, O, and P which indicated the growth stimulation of human fibroblasts and the inhibition of MMP-2 by sulforhodamine B and gelatin zymography, respectively, were entrapped in niosomes by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid (scCO(2)) and incorporated in gel and cream formulations. The skin hydration, elasticity, thickness and roughness, and pigmentation in human volunteers after treated with these gel and creams were investigated by corneometer, cutometer, visiometer, and mexameter, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gel and cream containing the semi-purified rice bran extracts entrapped in niosomes gave no sign of erythema and edema detected within 72 h on the shaved rabbit skin by the closed patch test investigated by mexameter and visual observation, respectively. These formulations also demonstrated higher hydration enhancement and improvement of skin lightening, thickness, roughness, and elasticity on the skin of 30 human volunteers within the 28-day treatment not more than 9, 27, 7, 3, and 3 times, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The formulations containing niosomes entrapped with the rice bran bioactive compounds gave superior clinical anti-aging activity which can be applied as a novel skin product.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. pmpti005@chiangmai.ac.th
authors.forename: Aranya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.forename: Romchat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chutoprapat
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Worapaka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.forename: Jiradej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manosroi
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010328:Patch Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2