title: Uranium distribution and radon exhalation from Brazilian dimension stones.
abstract: This paper provides evaluations of the radiometric behavior and exhalation patterns of radon gas in decorative and dimension stones explored in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, given the importance of determining radon gas concentrations in human-inhabited environments. A total of 10 silicate rock types were studied, featuring different petrographic/petrophysical characteristics given by seven magmatic rocks (three of which are granitic pegmatites) and three metamorphic rocks. The study, comprising radiometric data of U and monitoring of (222)Rn gas exhalation, shows a strong correlation between petrographic parameters and the physical properties of rocks. U levels ranged between 2.9 and 37 ppm, revealing a good coherence between the presence and the absence of radioactive element-bearing accessory minerals for each rock type. The rate of radon exhalation from the stones is related to the petrographic/petrophysical features of each material. By comparing the (222)Rn level generated by a rock to the amount effectively emanated by it, the rate of emanated gas proves to be insignificant; also, a rock that produces more Rn will not always emanate more. Simulations performed to estimate the radon levels inside residences or any given indoor environment showed that nine samples attained values below the 4 pCi/L EPA limit, whereas one was above that limit.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A No. 1515, C.P. 178, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P G Q
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: T M B
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Galembeck
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bonotto
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Artur
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011874:Radiometry; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis*; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014501:Uranium; D011886:Radon