title: Immunological treatment options for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) are usually treated by a multimodal approach with surgery and/or radiochemotherapy as the mainstay of local-regional treatment in cases with advanced disease. Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy have the disadvantage of causing severe side effects, while the clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with HNSCC has remained essentially unchanged over the last decade. The potential of immunotherapy is still largely unexplored. Here the authors review the current status of the art and discuss the future challenges in HNSCC treatment and prevention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Department of Surgery at the Division of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schutt
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bumm
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirandola
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas D'
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Lukman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tijani
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Joehassin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Marjorie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Everardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cobos
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manao, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: W Martin
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kast
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Division of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; and Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiriva-Internati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control