title: Tobacco advertising, environmental smoking bans, and smoking in Chinese urban areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether cigarette smoking in Chinese urban areas was respectively associated with exposure to tobacco advertising and smoking bans in households, workplaces, and public places.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 4735 urban residents aged 15 years and older, who were identified through multi-stage quota-sampling conducted in six Chinese cities. Data were collected on individual sociodemographics and smoking status, and regional tobacco control measures. The sample was characterized in terms of smoking prevalence, and multilevel logistic models were employed to analyze the association between smoking and tobacco advertising and environmental smoking restrictions, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking prevalence was 30%. Multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was positively associated with exposure to tobacco advertising, and negatively associated with workplace and household smoking bans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of smoking with both tobacco advertising and environmental smoking bans further justifies implementation of comprehensive smoking interventions and tobacco control programs in China.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. ytingzhongyang@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tingzhong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ian R H
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Rockett
authors.forename: Mu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaochao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yaming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution