title: Treatment strategies for initially disseminated intracranial germinomas: experiences at a single institute.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Initially disseminated intracranial germinomas (IDIGs) can be observed in pre-adult and adolescent brain tumor patients. However, the disease prognosis is undetermined, and the method of optimal treatment remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1990 to January 2011, data on 91 intracranial germinoma patients (≤20 years old) were gathered from the Pediatric Brain Tumor database at Taipei Veterans General Hospital. A total of seven patients with a median age of 17.0 years had IDIGs (lesion sites >2), including IDIGs in the ventricular system or the spinal column. Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) plus a primary or metastatic boost was the mainstay strategy for radiotherapy. Six out of a total of seven patients (85.7%) also received systemic chemotherapy (CHT) after radiotherapy. Survivals rates between IDIGs and patients without dissemination were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up time for all seven patients was 67.5 months (range, 10.3-142.3 months). None of the IDIG patients experienced a recurrence or mortality after the completion of treatment. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) between IDIG and non-dissemination patients were 100%, 100%, 93.0% and 78.6%, respectively (p = 0.339). The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) between IDIGs and non-dissemination cases were 100%, 100%, 93.7% and 89.4%, respectively (p = 0.473).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IDIG patients did not show reduced survival compared to non-dissemination patients if optimal radiotherapy and chemotherapy were used together.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pin-I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yu-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Donald Ming-Tak
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kai-Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wan-Yuo
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Feng-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yi-Yen
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheng-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shiau
authors.forename: Tai-Tong
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Sang-Hue
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents