title: Use of polymorphisms in the γ-gliadin gene of spelt and wheat as a tool for authenticity control.
abstract: Partial sequencing of the γ-gliadin gene of 62 spelt and 14 soft wheat cultivars was performed. Fifty-six of the 62 spelt cultivars and 13 of the 14 soft wheat cultivars were shown to exhibit the typical spelt or soft wheat γ-gliadin sequence, respectively. Exceptions were ascribed to crossbreeding of soft wheat and spelt. Using the typical soft wheat γ-gliadin sequence, two alternative DNA-based analytical methods were developed for the detection and quantification of spelt flour "adulteration" with soft wheat. A simple and fast detection of soft wheat in spelt flours could be achieved by restriction fragment length (RFLP) analysis. In combination with lab-on-a-chip capillary gel electrophoresis (LOC-CE) the soft wheat proportion could be estimated. Heteroduplex formation served as additional confirmation for the presence of spelt besides soft wheat. Hence, RFLP-LOC-CE constitutes a perfect analysis tool for the quality control of cereal seeds and pure cultivars. A precise quantification of soft wheat "adulterations" in spelt flour down to 1% could be achieved by the developed real-time PCR method. The calibration parameters of the real-time PCR assay fulfilled the minimum performance requirements of the European Network of GMO (genetically modified organisms) Laboratories (ENGL).
authors.affiliation: Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Ilka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graubner
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heising
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paschke-Kratzin
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001947:Breeding; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005903:Gliadin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D005903:Gliadin