title: Large-animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an acute inflammatory response that compromises alveolar-capillary membrane integrity. Clinical symptoms include refractory hypoxemia, noncardiogenic edema, and decreased lung compliance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the different ARDS large-animal models in terms of similarity to the clinical disease and underlying pathophysiology. The repeated lavage, oleic acid, endotoxin, and smoke/burn ARDS models will be discussed in this review. While each model has significant benefits, none is without weaknesses. Thus, the choice of large-animal ARDS model must be carefully considered based upon the study focus and investigative team experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St, MN 265, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA. ccrof2@uky.edu
authors.forename: Cherry
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballard-Croft
authors.forename: Dongfang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L Ryan
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sumpter
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zwischenberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation