title: Comparison of the motor discharge to the voluntary sphincters of continence in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rat external anal sphincter (EAS) and external urethral sphincter (EUS) are voluntary muscles of continence that can display similar synchronous electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns. However, the two sphincters are quite different in structure and function. The EUS is a fast twitch muscle and contains fibers expressing type 2B myosin. In contrast, the EAS exhibits slower kinetics and lacks type 2B fibers. This striking contrast in kinetics and fiber type profiles may be shaped by differences in the basal motor drive that each sphincter receives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double EMG approach was used to obtain spontaneously active single motor unit action potentials from the EUS and EAS simultaneously and compare their basal discharge frequencies in urethane anaesthetized rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basal firing rates of motor units of the EUS and EAS were not significantly different (3.9 ± 0.9 Hz vs. 3.1 ± 1.6 Hz, respectively, n = 7 animals, P = 0.32, paired Student's t-test). However, auto-correlogram analysis showed that EUS is driven by neurons with faster instantaneous firing frequencies: 30.5 ± 2.4 Hz vs 14.3 ± 0.9 Hz in the EAS (P = 0.03, paired Student's t-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oscillator(s) driving the EUS operate(s) at a frequency twice that of the EAS. This may explain the presence of type 2B fibers in the EUS. In the inter-micturition periods no cross correlation was found in motor discharge to the sphincters suggesting that the two muscles do not share a common central drive to sustain the continent tonus of the two outlet tracts.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buffini
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: O'Halloran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Herlihy
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: J F X
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology