title: Fluoride release and recharge behavior of a nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer compared with that of other fluoride releasing materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the long-term fluoride release kinetics of a novel nano-filled two-paste resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI), Ketac Nano (KN) with that of two powder-liquid resin-modified glass-ionomers, Fuji II LC (FLC) and Vitremer (VT) and one conventional glass-ionomer, Fuji IX (FIX).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluoride release was measured in vitro using ion-selective electrodes. Kinetic analysis was done using regression analysis and compared with existing models for GIs and compomers. In a separate experiment the samples of KN and two conventional glass-ionomers, FIX and Ketac Molar (KM) were subjected to a treatment with external fluoride source (Oral-B Neutra-Foam) after 3 months of fluoride release and the recharge behavior studied for an additional 7-day period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative amount of fluoride released from KN, VT and FLC and the release profiles were statistically similar but greater than that for FIX at P < 0.05. All four materials, including KN, showed a burst of fluoride ions at shorter times (t) and an overall rate dependence on t1/2 typical for glass-ionomers. The coating of KN with its primer and of DY with its adhesive did not significantly alter the fluoride release behavior of the respective materials. The overall rate for KN was significantly higher than for the compomer DY. DY showed a linear rate of release vs. t and no burst effect as expected for compomers. The nanoionomer KN showed fluoride recharge behavior similar to the conventional glass ionomers FIX and KM. Thus, it was concluded that the new RMGI KN exhibits fluoride ion release behavior similar to typical conventional and RMGIs and that the primer does not impede the release of fluoride.
authors.affiliation: Mitra Chemical Consulting LLC, 1952 Nature View Lane, West St. Paul, MN 55118, USA. sumitabmitra@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sumita B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Joe D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Oxman
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falsafi
authors.forename: Tiffany T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ton
mesh_terms: D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005898:Glass; D036103:Nanotechnology; D012117:Resins, Synthetic
chemical_list: D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D005459:Fluorides