title: Histologic inflammatory changes on the prostatic gland due to immunosuppression for kidney transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of type IV prostatitis in patients with kidney transplantation receiving an immunosuppression regimen and to compare it with that of a nonimmunosuppressed control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 216 electronic charts of patients who had undergone surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia from August 2000 to January 2006. Of the 216 patients, 183 did not receive immunosuppressive therapy and were included in the control group (group 1). The other 33 patients had undergone kidney transplantation and were included in the study group (group 2). The patient data were accessed for age at surgery, International Prostate Symptom Score, prostate volume, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level, history of acute urinary retention, and surgical approach (open vs transurethral resection of prostate). Histologic findings from the surgical specimens were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at surgery, mean serum prostate-specific antigen level, mean prostate volume, and mean International Prostate Symptom Score were not significantly different between both groups. However, histologic evidence of chronic prostatitis was obtained in 145 surgical specimens (78%) from group 1 and in just 3 specimens from group 2 (9%; P < .001). Moreover, nonimmunosuppressed patients had a 38.2 times greater risk of presenting with prostatitis than did the immunosuppressed patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunosuppression therapy in kidney transplantation has a protective factor in the prostatitis incidence.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Affonso Celso
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Piovesan
authors.forename: Fabio Cesar Miranda
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Torricelli
authors.forename: Ioannis Michel
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Antonopoulos
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falci
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanashiro
authors.forename: William Carlos
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nahas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents