title: Pharmacogenomics of breast cancer targeted therapy: focus on recent patents.
abstract: Adjuvant endocrine therapy as well as other forms of targeted therapy such as HER2 inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival among women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. However, a significant percentage of women who receive targeted therapy as adjuvant or metastatic treatment do not benefit from this therapy, while a number of women who initially respond will eventually develop disease progression and relapse while on therapy. The observed variability in treatment response to targeted breast cancer treatment could be partly explained by pharmacogenomics. This paper reviews evidence on the role of pharmacogenomics of breast targeted therapy focusing on the clinical relevance of genetic variation. In particular, this article reviews the role of pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, HER-2 inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents. In addition, recent patents in the field are presented that provide promising steps in the field of personalized treatment of breast cancer, although future studies are needed for determining the clinical benefit of the proposed inventions. Finally, we present a testable hypothesis to aide the search for biologically meaningful genetic variation Specifically, we suggest the publication of negative results in the field of pharmacogenomics and pharmacoproteomics, will benefit future research in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Lessons Faculty of Health and Caring Professions Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece. nyiannak@teiath.gr
authors.forename: Eugenia Ch
authors.initials: ECh
authors.lastname: Yiannakopoulou
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001141:Aromatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010330:Patents as Topic; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D001141:Aromatase; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D013629:Tamoxifen; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human