title: CHADS(2) score is predictive of left atrial thrombus on precardioversion transesophageal echocardiography in atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this study were to determine: 1) if the CHADS(2) score correlates with left atrial (LA) or left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus on pre-cardioversion transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); and 2) what, if any, components of the CHADS(2) score are most important in predicting LA/LAA thrombus.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is unknown if CHADS(2) score, a marker of thromboembolic risk in NVAF, accurately predicts LA/LAA thrombus on pre-cardioversion TEE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied patients undergoing precardioversion TEE for NVAF at a tertiary hospital. TEE reports were reviewed for presence of LA/LAA thrombus. Using medical records and an ICD-9 coding database, a CHADS(2) score was derived, and the association between CHADS(2) and thrombus was evaluated with Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square. The relation between the singular components of CHADS(2) and thrombus were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-Square.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 643 consecutive patients undergoing pre-cardioversion TEE, LA/LAA thrombus was identified in 46 (7.2 %). A strong association was present between CHADS(2)score and LA/LAA thrombus (p = 0.0005). No thrombi were identified in patients with CHADS(2) = 0. Among 46 patients with thrombus, all (100%) had CHF. Of the singular components, CHF was the only factor independently associated with thrombus (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In non-valvular atrial fibrillation, CHADS(2) is strongly associated with LA thrombus on TEE. Our findings suggest pre-cardioversion TEE may be unnecessary if the CHADS(2) score = 0. Of the components of the CHADS(2) score, CHF was the only independently associated risk factor which correlated with LA/LAA thrombus.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Madder
authors.forename: Leaden
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marinescu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marandici
authors.forename: Shaheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raheem
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Carlyle
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Dam
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Boura
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Haines