title: Physical activity levels, ownership of goods promoting sedentary behaviour and risk of myocardial infarction: results of the INTERHEART study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between occupational and leisure-time physical activity (PA), ownership of goods promoting sedentary behaviour, and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in different socio-economic populations of the world. Studies in developed countries have found low PA as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the protective effect of occupational PA is less certain. Moreover, ownership of goods promoting sedentary behaviour may be associated with an increased risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  In INTERHEART, a case-control study of 10 043 cases of first MI and 14 217 controls who did not report previous angina or physical disability completed a questionnaire on work and leisure-time PA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects whose occupation involved either light [multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.78, confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.86] or moderate (OR 0.89, CI 0.80-0.99) PA were at a lower risk of MI, whereas those who did heavy physical labour were not (OR 1.02, CI 0.88-1.19), compared with sedentary subjects. Mild exercise (OR 0.87, CI 0.81-0.93) as well as moderate or strenuous exercise (OR 0.76, CI 0.69-0.82) was protective. The effect of PA was observed across countries with low, middle, and high income. Subjects who owned both a car and a television (TV) (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.27, CI 1.05-1.54) were at higher risk of MI compared with those who owned neither.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leisure-time PA and mild-to-moderate occupational PA, but not heavy physical labour, were associated with a reduced risk, while ownership of a car and TV was associated with an increased risk of MI across all economic regions.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Sciences and Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. claes.held@ucr.uu.se
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Held
authors.forename: Romaina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lear
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosengren
authors.forename: Shofiqul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010067:Ownership / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data