title: Cellular immune reactions of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, to the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana and its secondary metabolites.
abstract: In this study, five morphological types of circulating hemocytes were recognized in the hemolymph of the adult sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), namely prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, adipohemocytes, and oenocytoids. The effects of the secondary metabolites of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on cellular immune defenses of Eurygaster integriceps were investigated. The results showed that the fungal secondary metabolites inhibited phagocytic activity of E. integriceps hemocytes and hampered nodule formation. A reduction of phenoloxidase activity was also observed. The data suggest that B. bassiana produce secondary metabolites that disable several immune mechanisms allowing the fungus to overcome and then kill its host. This characteristic makes B. bassiana a promising model for biological control of insect pests such as E. integriceps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht 41635-1314, Iran. arash.zibaee@gmx.com
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zibaee
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bandani
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talaei-Hassanlouei
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malagoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D010587:Phagocytosis; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase