title: NMR-metabolic methodology in the study of GM foods.
abstract: The 1H-NMR methodology used in the study of genetically modified (GM) foods is discussed. Transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv "Luxor") over-expressing the ArabidopsisKNAT1 gene is presented as a case study. Twenty-two water-soluble metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, sugars) present in leaves of conventional and GM lettuce were monitored by NMR and quantified at two developmental stages. The NMR spectra did not reveal any difference in metabolite composition between the GM lettuce and the wild type counterpart. Statistical analyses of metabolite variables highlighted metabolism variation as a function of leaf development as well as the transgene. A main effect of the transgene was in altering sugar metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory Annalaura Segre, CNR, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy. anatoli.sobolev@imc.cnr.it
authors.forename: Anatoly P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sobolev
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capitani
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannino
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicolodi
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testone
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frugis
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Iannelli
authors.forename: Autar K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mattoo
authors.forename: Elvino
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brosio
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gianferri
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mannina
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C092212:KNAT1 protein, Arabidopsis