title: The link between dietary glycemic index and nutrient adequacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-glycemic index (low-GI) diets may be less nutritious because of limited food choices. Alternately, high-GI diets could be less healthful because of a higher intake of refined carbohydrate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate the association between dietary GI, intakes of carbohydrates from high-GI (CHO(high GI)) and low-GI (CHO(low GI)) sources, and the risk of nutrient inadequacy in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children, aged 2-16 y, who provided 2 plausible 24-h recalls in a national survey were included (n = 4140). The ORs of not meeting the Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) were calculated by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with higher intakes of CHO(high GI) were found to be at risk of not meeting the NRVs for a wide range of nutrients, including calcium and iodine (both P-trend < 0.001). In comparison with subjects in the lowest quartile of CHO(high GI), those in the highest quartile had 3 times (adjusted OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.47, 3.97; P-trend < 0.001) the risk of not meeting the Estimated Average Requirement for calcium. For iodine, the risk increased >5-fold (adjusted OR: 5.45; 95% CI: 3.97, 7.48; P-trend < 0.001). On the other hand, subjects with higher intakes of CHO(low GI) were less likely to meet Adequate Intakes of unsaturated fatty acids (all P-trend < 0.001), despite having lower risks of not meeting the NRVs for most nutrients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents who consume more CHO(low GI) are more likely to meet most nutrient recommendations than those consuming higher GI diets.
authors.affiliation: Cluster for Public Health Nutrition, Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Jimmy Chun Yu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.forename: Anette E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Buyken
authors.forename: Jennie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brand-Miller
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Flood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007455:Iodine