title: A multi-modal approach for hand motion classification using surface EMG and accelerometers.
abstract: For decades, electromyography (EMG) has been used for diagnostics, upper-limb prosthesis control, and recently even for more general human-machine interfaces. Current commercial upper limb prostheses usually have only two electrode sites due to cost and space limitations, while researchers often experiment with multiple sites. Micro-machined inertial sensors are gaining popularity in many commercial and research applications where knowledge of the postures and movements of the body is desired. In the present study, we have investigated whether accelerometers, which are relatively cheap, small, robust to noise, and easily integrated in a prosthetic socket; can reduce the need for adding more electrode sites to the prosthesis control system. This was done by adding accelerometers to a multifunction system and also to a simplified system more similar to current commercially available prosthesis controllers, and assessing the resulting changes in classification accuracy. The accelerometer does not provide information on muscle force like EMG electrodes, but the results show that it provides useful supplementary information. Specifically, if one wants to improve a two-site EMG system, one should add an accelerometer affixed to the forearm rather than a third electrode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Cybernetics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. anders.fougner@itk.ntnu.no
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fougner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scheme
authors.forename: A D C
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Englehart
authors.forename: Ø
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Stavdahl
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D009068:Movement; D019736:Prostheses and Implants