title: Test anxiety and cardiovascular responses to daily academic stressors.
abstract: Routine academic events may cause stress and produce temporary elevations in blood pressure. Students who experience test anxiety may be especially prone to cardiovascular activation in response to academic stress. This study drew on self-reported stress and ambulatory blood pressure measurements provided by 99 undergraduate participants (30% men, mean age=21 years) who participated over 4 days. Posture, activity level, recent consumption and the previous same-day reading were considered as covariates in a series of hierarchical linear models. Results indicate elevations in systolic blood pressure at times of acute academic stressors; neither diastolic blood pressure nor heart rate was linked with academic stress. In addition, those participants higher in test anxiety exhibited especially pronounced elevations in systolic blood pressure during times of acute academic stress. This research suggests that everyday academic stressors are linked with temporary increases in blood pressure and that test anxiety may contribute to these elevations. Test anxiety has implications for future academic and job success, and cardiovascular responses to everyday stress may contribute to health problems later in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lehman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013732:Test Anxiety Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult