title: Monolithically integrated Mach-Zehnder biosensors for real-time label-free monitoring of biomolecular reactions.
abstract: Arrays of monolithically integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers were fabricated by standard silicon technology and applied to the label-free real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. Chips accommodating 10 MZIs were functionalized with recognition biomolecules and encapsulated in wafer scale. Detection is based on Frequency-Resolved Mach-Zehnder Interferometry, a new concept that takes advantage of the broad-band input spectrum by monitoring the changes for every input frequency. The sensitivity of the device in terms of refractive index changes (Δn) was calculated using isopropanol/water solutions. A detection limit of Δn = 4 × 10(-6) was calculated. The bioanalytical capabilities of the device there demonstrated through model binding assays (biotin/streptavidin) as well as the detection of total prostate specific antigen in serum samples using devices coated with antigen-specific monoclonal antibody. Detection limits at the pM range were determined.
authors.affiliation: Microelectronics Institute NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Makarona
authors.forename: Panagiota S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourkoula
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botsialas
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitsara
authors.forename: Sotirios E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kakabakos
authors.forename: Remco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoffer
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jobst
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nounesis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raptis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misiakos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001669:Biochemical Phenomena; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019921:Biotinylation; D002417:Cattle; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen