title: Association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A relationship between periodontitis and chronic respiratory disease has been suggested by recent studies. The aim of this study is to explore the association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study of 581 COPD cases and 438 non-COPD controls. Lung function examination, a 6-minute walk test, and the British Medical Research Council questionnaire were performed. Periodontal clinical examination index included probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PI), and alveolar bone loss. A validated index for predicting COPD prognosis, the body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index, was also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with more severe COPD were more likely to have severe periodontal disease. PD, AL, PI, alveolar bone loss, and the number of teeth were significantly associated with all stages of COPD (all P <0.001). When compared to controls (BODE = 0), participants with higher BODE scores had significantly higher AL (P <0.001), BI (P = 0.027), PI (P <0.001), alveolar bone loss (P <0.001), and the number of teeth (P <0.001). PI appeared to be the main periodontal health-related factor for COPD, with an odds ratio (OR) = 9.01 (95% CI = 3.98 to 20.4) in the entire study population OR = 8.28 (95% CI = 2.36 to 29.0), OR = 5.89 (95% CI = 2.64 to 13.1), and OR = 2.46 (95% CI = 1.47 to 4.10) for current, smokers, and non-smokers, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found a strong association between periodontitis and COPD, and PI seemed to be a major periodontal factor for predicting COPD among Chinese adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yiqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zuomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000150:complications; D010512:Periodontal Index; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking; D013147:Spirometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires