title: Occupational gradients in smoking behavior and exposure to workplace environmental tobacco smoke: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines associations of occupation with smoking status, amount smoked among current and former smokers (number of cigarettes per day and lifetime cigarette consumption (pack-years)), and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) independent from income and education.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from a community sample (n = 6355, age range: 45-84) using logistic and multinomial regression. All analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for socio-demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male blue-collar and sales/office workers had higher odds of having consumed more than 20 pack-years of cigarettes than managers/professionals. For both male and female current or former smokers, exposure to workplace ETS was consistently and strongly associated with heavy smoking and greater pack-years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blue-collar workplaces are associated with intense smoking and ETS exposure. Smoking must be addressed at both the individual and workplace levels especially in blue-collar workplaces.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. kfujishiro@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.forename: Karen D Hinckley
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Stukovsky
authors.forename: Ana Diez
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Landsbergis
authors.forename: Cecil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burchfiel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution