title: Synergistic effect of SCF and G-CSF on stem-like properties in prostate cancer cell lines.
abstract: Bone marrow metastases are formed in the late phases of prostate cancer disease. Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are present in the microenvironment of the bone marrow and play a vital role in cell biology therein. The present study was to investigate the influence of SCF and G-CSF on stem-like properties in prostate cancer cell lines. Upon stimulation with SCF or G-CSF, higher levels of CD117, ABCG2, and CD44 were observed in PC-3 and DU145 cells examined by flow cytometry. Simultaneously, the expressions of Oct3/4 and Nanog were upregulated. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR verified that the increased Nanog under the stimulations was mostly derived from NANOGP8. In parallel with the increasing expressions of these proteins, higher colony and sphere formation efficiencies were seen in these cells in response to the cytokine stimulations. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of SCF and G-CSF on colony and sphere formations and ABCG2 expression was disclosed. Our results indicate a favorable bone marrow niche for prostate cancer cells where higher levels of cell stemness are maintained at least partly by the cytokines SCF and G-CSF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, Ullernchausseen 70, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Axcrona
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kvalheim
authors.forename: Karl-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Giercksky
authors.forename: Jahn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nesland
authors.forename: Zhenhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Suo
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C116614:ABCG2 protein, human; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit