title: Dual use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco among South African adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors associated with dual use of tobacco products in a population of black South African adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed by a representative sample of grade 8 students from 21 randomly  selected secondary state schools in the Limpopo Province, South Africa (n=1878).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the respondents, 11.4% used smokeless tobacco (SLT), and 55.2% of SLT users also smoked cigarettes (dual users). Dual users were more likely to be vulnerable to depression, engage in binge drinking,  smoke cannabis, and attend schools without rules against smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual tobacco use forms part of multiple-risk-taking behavior.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Masego
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rantao
authors.forename: Olalekan A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ayo-Yusuf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless