title: Food intake and dietary glycaemic index in free-living adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: A recent Cochrane review concluded that low glycaemic index (GI) diets are beneficial in glycaemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are limited UK data regarding the dietary GI in free-living adults with and without T2DM. We measured the energy and macronutrient intake and the dietary GI in a group (n = 19) of individuals with diet controlled T2DM and a group (n = 19) without diabetes, matched for age, BMI and gender. Subjects completed a three-day weighed dietary record. Patients with T2DM consumed more daily portions of wholegrains (2.3 vs. 1.1, P = 0.003), more dietary fibre (32.1 vs. 20.9 g, P < 0.001) and had a lower diet GI (53.5 vs. 57.7, P = 0.009) than subjects without T2DM. Both groups had elevated fat and salt intake and low fruit and vegetable intake, relative to current UK recommendations.
  
  
  
  Patients with T2DM may already consume a lower GI diet than the general population but further efforts are needed to reduce dietary GI and achieve other nutrient targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK. susan.mcgeoch@nhs.net
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: McGeoch
authors.forename: Grietje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holtrop
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fyfe
authors.forename: Gerald E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lobley
authors.forename: Donald W M
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Ian L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Megson
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Macrury
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnstone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D005638:Fruit; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006113:United Kingdom; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary