title: A comparison of case-finding strategies in the UK for the management of hip fractures.
abstract: Treatment criteria published by the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) in the UK make more efficient use of bone mineral density (BMD) resources than the previous Royal College of Physicians (RCP) guideline.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We compared the effectiveness of the RCP case-finding strategy previously used in the UK and the updated guideline published by NOGG, which incorporates the FRAX® fracture probability tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons were made by simulating population samples of 1000 women at ages between 50 and 85 years, using age-specific prevalence of risk factors and UK-derived fracture and mortality rates. Comparators comprised the number identified at high risk, the incidence of hip fracture and the femoral neck BMD in those identified, the number needed to scan to identify a hip fracture, the acquisition cost and the cost per hip fracture averted
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the RCP strategy, NOGG identified slightly reduced numbers of women at high risk (average 34.6% vs. 35.7% across all ages), but with lower numbers of scans required at each age. For example, NOGG required only 3.5 scans at the age of 50 years to identify one case of hip fracture, whereas RCP required 13.9. At 75 years, the corresponding numbers were 0.9 and 1.5. Thus, the acquisition costs for identifying a hip fracture case and the total costs (acquisition and treatment) per hip fracture averted were lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the RCP strategy, the FRAX-based NOGG strategy uses BMD resources more efficiently with lower acquisition costs and lower costs per hip fracture averted.
authors.affiliation: Consulting Statisticians, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kanis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Compston
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCloskey
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D061366:Numbers Needed To Treat / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents