title: The determination of tissue perfusion and collateralization in peripheral arterial disease with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography is used to evaluate tissue perfusion in many different medical fields. This study aims to evaluate the value of ICG angiography in the determination of tissue perfusion in the PAD lower extremities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective clinical study, ICG angiography was used to evaluate tissue perfusion and collateralization in 30 PAD patients. The perfusion index and maximum fluorescence intensity (MPI) were calculated as arterial perfusion parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in the perfusion index were found for the different PAD stages (p < 0.001). Poor collateralization was associated with a significantly lower perfusion index than good collateralization (p = 0.003). A ROC analysis for the perfusion index showed a positive likelihood ratio of 6.00 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.00 with an area under the curve of 0.949 to discriminate critical and non-critical PAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG angiography is a promising diagnostic tool to quantify tissue perfusion and demonstrate critical limb ischemia and collateralization in lower extremities affected by PAD.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Vascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Casper
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roenneberg
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reeps
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wendorff
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holzbach
authors.forename: Hans-Henning
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Eckstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green