title: The feasibility, reliability, and validity of a post-encounter form for evaluating clinical reasoning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Developing feasible, reliable and valid methods for the evaluation of clinical reasoning is challenging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore feasibility, reliability, and validity evidence for a post-encounter form assessing clinical reasoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A free-text, post-encounter form was used in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) station to assess clinical reasoning for end-of-second-year medical students. Feasibility was assessed by time to complete form. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by kappa. Validity evidence was obtained by comparing scores from individual items on the post-encounter form and other components in this OSCE station (i.e., standardized patient checklist and oral presentation rating form). Additional validity evidence was gathered by comparing scores on this station with other course performance graded events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feasibility and estimated reliability were high, and several lines of validity evidence were supported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scores from an end-of-second-year, medical school, post-encounter form yielded adequate psychometric properties and can be used for the evaluation of clinical reasoning. Moreover, this form of assessment and its scoring could translate to other venues.
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. sdurning@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Durning
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artino
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boulet
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: La Rochelle
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van der Vleuten
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arze
authors.forename: Lambert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schuwirth
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013850:Thinking