title: Self-selection of two diet components by Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and its impact on fitness.
abstract: We studied the ability of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to self-select optimal ratios of two dietary components to approach nutritional balance and maximum fitness. Relative consumption of wheat bran and dry potato flakes was determined among larvae feeding on four  different ratios of these components (10, 20, 30, and 40% potato). Groups of early instars were provided with a measured amount of food and the consumption of each diet component was measured at the end of 4 wk and again 3 wk later. Consumption of diet components by T. molitor larvae deviated  significantly from expected ratios indicating nonrandom self-selection. Mean percentages of dry potato consumed were 11.98, 19.16, 19.02, and 19.27% and 11.89, 20.48, 24.67, and 25.97% during the first and second experimental periods for diets with 10, 20, 30, and 40% potato, respectively.  Life table analysis was used to determine the fitness of T. molitor developing in the four diet mixtures in a no-choice experiment. The diets were compared among each other and a control diet of wheat bran only. Doubling time was significantly shorter in groups consuming 10 and 20% potato  than the control and longer in groups feeding on 30 and 40% potato. The self-selected ratios of the two diet components approached 20% potato, which was the best ratio for development and second best for population growth. Our findings show dietary self-selection behavior in T. molitor larvae,  and these findings may lead to new methods for optimizing dietary supplements for T. molitor.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS National Biological Control Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. juan.moralesramos@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morales-Ramos
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Shapiro-Ilan
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tedders
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D011158:Population Growth; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D013712:Tenebrio / Q000254:growth & development*; D014908:Triticum