title: Assessment of the cerebral venous system from the transcondylar ultrasound window using virtual navigator technology and MRI.
abstract: The Chronic Cerebro-Spinal Venous Insufficiency, recently described as a possible role in Multiple Sclerosis pathogenesis, is diagnosed and classified with Echo Color Doppler (ECD) examination of the extra- and intra-cranial veins. As to the intracranial examination, the presence of reflux in the deep cerebral veins (DCVs) or in the dural sinuses is inspected, with a new insonation approach, i.e. the transcondylar window. This work describes a procedure for the co-registration of anatomical Proton Density-weighted Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) with the intracranial ECD obtained through the transcondylar window. The procedure, preliminarily tested on 10 volunteers, allowed to assess what are the DCVs visible from this new insonation approach and their position relative to the surrounding brain tissues.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, IRCCS S. Maria Nascente, Milan, Italy. mlagana@dongnocchi.it
authors.forename: Maria Marcella
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Laganà
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forzoni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viotti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Beni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baselli
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cecconi
mesh_terms: D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique