title: Racial group regard, barrier socialization, and African American adolescents' engagement: patterns and processes by gender.
abstract: The current study examined gendered processes via 1) profiles of racial barrier socialization, regard for one's racial group (private regard), and behavioral engagement and grades and, 2) gender and private regard as a moderator in the link between barrier messages and academic engagement outcomes. One-hundred and twenty-five African American adolescents (ages 10-14, M = 12.39, SD = 1.07) completed measures of socialization, private regard, grades and behavioral engagement. Latent Profile Analysis revealed a 2-cluster solution fit the data best - 1) High Engagement-Race Salient (HERS) cluster and 2) Low Engagement-Non-Salient cluster (LENS). Girls had higher representation in the HERS cluster. When private regard was examined as a moderator, girls' grades were unrelated to barrier socialization and private regard. In contrast, barrier socialization was associated with lower grades for low private regard boys. Findings are discussed in the context of gendered racial school contexts that African American youth must navigate to be academically successful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA. csmalls@gsu.edu
authors.forename: Ciara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smalls
authors.forename: Shauna M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012933:Social Identification; D012951:Socialization