title: Defining the sister rat mammary tumor cell lines HH-16 cl.2/1 and HH-16.cl.4 as an in vitro cell model for Erbb2.
abstract: Cancer cell lines have been shown to be reliable tools in genetic studies of breast cancer, and the characterization of these lines indicates that they are good models for studying the biological mechanisms underlying this disease. Here, we describe the molecular cytogenetic/genetic characterization of two sister rat mammary tumor cell lines, HH-16 cl.2/1 and HH-16.cl.4, for the first time. Molecular cytogenetic analysis using rat and mouse chromosome paint probes and BAC/PAC clones allowed the characterization of clonal chromosome rearrangements; moreover, this strategy assisted in revealing detected breakpoint regions and complex chromosome rearrangements. This comprehensive cytogenetic analysis revealed an increase in the number of copies of the Mycn and Erbb2 genes in the investigated cell lines. To analyze its possible correlation with expression changes, relative RNA expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR and RNA FISH. Erbb2 was found to be overexpressed in HH-16.cl.4, but not in the sister cell line HH-16 cl.2/1, even though these lines share the same initial genetic environment. Moreover, the relative expression of Erbb2 decreased after global genome demethylation in the HH-16.cl.4 cell line. As these cell lines are commercially available and have been used in previous studies, the present detailed characterization improves their value as an in vitro cell model. We believe that the development of appropriate in vitro cell models for breast cancer is of crucial importance for revealing the genetic and cellular pathways underlying this neoplasy and for employing them as experimental tools to assist in the generation of new biotherapies.
authors.affiliation: Center of Genomics and Biotechnology, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louzada
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adega
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D019457:Chromosome Breakage / Q000187:drug effects; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics; D002999:Clone Cells; D019295:Computational Biology; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D000071447:N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein; D011003:Ploidies; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001374:Azacitidine; D000071447:N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C571825:MYCN protein, mouse