title: Accelerated bone formation on photo-induced hydrophilic titanium implants: an experimental study in the dog mandible.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of photo-induced hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO₂) on serum fibronectin (sFN) attachment, and further to evaluate initial osseointegration responses in the dog mandibles.
  
  
  METHODS
  To apply the anatase TiO₂ film, plasma source ion implantation (PSII) method followed by annealing was employed for the titanium disks and implants, which were then illuminated with UV-A for 24 h for the experimental groups. Non-deposited titanium disks and implants were prepared for the control group. Surface characterization was performed using the interferometer and contact angle analyzer. The attachments of sFN were evaluated using fluorescence emission analysis. Thereafter both groups of implants were placed in the mandible of six beagle dogs. Bone response was investigated with histological and histomorphometrical analyses after periods of 2 and 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental groups exhibited strong hydrophilicity under UV-A illumination and showed significant improvement in sFN attachment. And further, the experimental implants enhanced the bone formation with the bone-to-implant contact of 42.7% after 2 weeks of healing (control: 28.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined applications of plasma fibronectin and PSII to produce hydrophilic titanium surfaces could accelerate early osseointegration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennerberg
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007477:Ions; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D005353:Fibronectins; D007477:Ions; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium