title: Uric acid is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in a Japanese elderly population without metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is an useful surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease. Associations between uric acid (UA), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and carotid IMT have been reported, but findings regarding the relationship have been inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,579 Japanese elderly subjects aged ≥65 years {663 men aged, 78 ± 8 (mean ± standard deviation) years and 916 women aged 79 ± 8 years} were divided into 4 groups according to UA quartiles. We first investigated the association between UA concentrations and confounding factors including MetS; then, we assessed whether there is an independent association of UA with carotid IMT and atherosclerosis in participants subdivided according to gender and MetS status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carotid IMT was significantly increased according to the quartiles of UA in both genders without MetS and women with MetS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio (OR) {95% confidence interval (CI)} in men for carotid atherosclerosis was significantly increased in the third (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.02-3.02), and fourth quartiles (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.60) of UA compared with that in the first quartile of UA, and the OR in women was significantly increased in the fourth quartile (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.30-3.39). Similarly, the ORs were significantly associated with increasing quartiles of UA in both genders without MetS, but not necessarily increased in those with MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UA was found to be an independent risk factor for incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in both genders without MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Morikazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onji
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid