title: Correlation between plasma pentosidine concentrations and retinal hemodynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether plasma pentosidine, a well-defined advanced glycation end product, is associated with retinal hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two eyes with type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated. The type 2 diabetic eyes were divided into 2 groups: 22 eyes (22 patients; mean age, 61 years) with nondiabetic retinopathy (NDR) and 20 eyes (20 patients; mean age, 61 years) with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). We used a retinal laser Doppler system to measure the arterial diameter, velocity, and blood flow in the major temporal retinal arteries. The pulsatility ratio, a resistive index expressed as the peak systolic to the end diastolic velocity ratio, was calculated from the blood velocity traces. Plasma pentosidine was measured in 42 patients with diabetes using a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pulsatility ratio significantly increased in patients with NPDR (4.8 ± 1.5) compared with patients with NDR (3.7 ± 0.8) (P = .0061). No differences in velocity, diameter, or blood flow were seen between the 2 groups. Plasma pentosidine levels also increased significantly (P = .0085) in patients with NPDR (0.057 ± 0.015) compared to patients with NDR (0.047 ± 0.012). The pulsatility ratio was correlated positively with the plasma pentosidine levels in patients with NPDR (Pearson correlation, r = 0.45, P = .044). Multiple regression analysis showed that the plasma pentosidine level was significantly associated with the pulsatility ratio (standardized coefficient, 0.62; P = .009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vascular rigidity of the retinal arteries may increase with increasing plasma pentosidine in patients with type 2 diabetes with retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan. satoes@asahikawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Harumasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001824:Body Constitution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008239:Lysine; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C062187:pentosidine