title: Interim results from the international trial of Second Sight's visual prosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., Sylmar, CA) in blind subjects with severe outer retinal degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-arm, prospective, multicenter clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty subjects were enrolled in the United States and Europe between June 6, 2007, and August 11, 2009. All subjects were followed up for a minimum of 6 months and up to 2.7 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic stimulator and antenna of the implant were sutured onto the sclera using an encircling silicone band. Next, a pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and the electrode array and cable were introduced into the eye via a pars plana sclerotomy. The microelectrode array then was tacked to the epiretinal surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary safety end points for the trial were the number, severity, and relation of adverse events. Principal performance end points were assessments of visual function as well as performance on orientation and mobility tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects performed statistically better with the system on versus off in the following tasks: object localization (96% of subjects), motion discrimination (57%), and discrimination of oriented gratings (23%). The best recorded visual acuity to date is 20/1260. Subjects' mean performance on orientation and mobility tasks was significantly better when the system was on versus off. Seventy percent of the patients did not have any serious adverse events (SAEs). The most common SAE reported was either conjunctival erosion or dehiscence over the extraocular implant and was treated successfully in all subjects except in one, who required explantation of the device without further complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term safety results of Second Sight's retinal prosthesis system are acceptable, and most subjects with profound visual loss perform better on visual tasks with system than without it.
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. humayun@usc.edu
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Humayun
authors.forename: Jessy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.forename: Lyndon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: da Cruz
authors.forename: Gislin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dagnelie
authors.forename: José-Alain
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sahel
authors.forename: Paulo E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Stanga
authors.forename: Artur V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cideciyan
authors.forename: Jacque L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eliott
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Filley
authors.forename: Allen C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Avinoam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.forename: Aries
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arditi
authors.forename: Lucian V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Del Priore
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000601:surgery; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012590:Sclera / Q000601:surgery; D012599:Sclerostomy; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D057488:Visual Prosthesis; D014821:Vitrectomy