title: Urinary incontinence: a vibration alert system for detecting pad overflow.
abstract: A sensor and electronics system is described that monitors the leakage of urine from continence pads into surrounding underwear. Urinary incontinence is involuntary loss of urine and occurs when the bladder muscles contract without warning or the sphincter muscles surrounding the urethra are too weak to prevent leakage. The system comprises a wetness sensor and electronics unit. The sensor is stitched into the underwear and detects overspills of urine from the pad. The electronics unit is attached to the underwear and responds by vibrating, signaling to the wearer that pad has failed. This system has application for individuals who use continence pads in the community, but it could also be used in care homes.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. bosco.fernandes@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Bosco
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaydecki
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jowitt
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056902:Clinical Alarms; D003020:Clothing; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014732:Vibration