title: Age-specific human papillomavirus antibody and deoxyribonucleic acid prevalence: a global review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Global data on human papillomavirus (HPV) serological and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) prevalence are essential to optimize HPV prophylactic vaccination strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a global review of age-specific HPV antibody and studies with both antibody and DNA prevalence for HPV-16, -18, -6, and -11.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventeen studies were included; participants' ages ranged from several hours to >90 years. HPV-16 seroprevalence was generally higher in Africa, Central and South America, and North America, more prevalent among women than among men, and peaked around ages 25-40 years. HPV-18 seroprevalence was generally lower than HPV-16 with a later age peak. Data were limited for HPV-6 and -11, both of which peaked at ages similar to HPV-18. Among 9-26-year-old females, HPV-16 seroprevalence ranged from 0%-31% in North America, 21%-30% in Africa, 0%-23% in Asia/Australia, 0%-33% in Europe, and 13%-43% in Central and South America. HPV-16/-18 DNA prevalence peaked 10-15 years before corresponding HPV-16/-18 antibody prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Females within the HPV vaccine-eligible age-group (9-26 years) had a range of dual HPV-16 DNA and serology negativity from 81%-87%, whereas 90%-98% were HPV-16 DNA negative. Serology and DNA data are lacking worldwide for females younger than age 15 years, the prime target group for vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tiggelaar
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Raphael P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Viscidi
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000600:supply & distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines