title: Lateral orbital wall approach to the cavernous sinus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lesions of the cavernous sinus remain a technical challenge. The most common surgical approaches involve some variation of the standard frontotemporal craniotomy. Here, the authors describe a surgical approach to access the cavernous sinus that involves the removal of the lateral orbital wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve exposure of the cavernous sinus, a lateral canthal incision is performed, and the lateral orbital rim and anterior lateral wall are removed, for later replacement at closure. The posterior lateral orbital wall is removed to the region of the superior and inferior orbital fissures. With reflection of the dural covering of the lateral cavernous sinus and removal of the anterior clinoid process, the cavernous sinus is exposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure and details of the procedure were derived from anatomical study in cadavers. After the approach, with removal of the anterior clinoid process, the entire cavernous sinus from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly to the Meckel cave posteriorly is exposed. More exposure to the lateral middle fossa, foramen spinosum, and petrous carotid artery is obtained by further removal of the lateral sphenoid wing. An illustrative case example for approaching a cavernous sinus meningioma is presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The translateral orbital wall approach provides a simple, rapid approach for lesions with primary or secondary involvement of the cavernous sinus. Advantages of this simple, extradural approach include the lack of brain retraction and no interruption of the temporalis muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Altay
authors.forename: Bhupendra C K
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Couldwell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002102:Cadaver; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013525:Surgical Instruments