title: Lipopolysaccharide and dose of nicotine determine the effects of nicotine             on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: The reported effects of nicotine on dendritic cells (DCs) are controversial. To investigate the factors which determine the effects of nicotine on DCs, immature dendritic cells (imDCs) induced from murine bone marrow were treated with different doses of nicotine with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The morphology and expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, CD40 and CD54 were observed and determined by microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that, firstly, nicotine treatment promoted the development of DC precursors into imDCs with a semi-mature phenotype revealed by a higher expression of CD11c and more branched projections. Secondly, lower doses of nicotine (16.5 ng/ml), but not higher (200 µg/ml), up-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD40 and CD54 on imDCs. Co-administration of LPS and nicotine revealed differential effects on co-stimulatory molecule expression on imDCs. Thirdly and importantly, treatment with lower doses of nicotine (16.5 ng/ml) did not augment expression of the CD80, CD86, CD40 and CD54 molecules in mature DCs. Fourthly and interestingly, high doses of nicotine (more than 165 µg/ml) revealed pro-apoptotic activity but lower doses of nicotine (16.5-0.165 ng/ml) achieved an anti-apoptotic effect on imDCs. All data presented here indicate that the controversial effects of nicotine on DCs may be due to the LPS of the nicotinic environment and the dose of nicotine used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, PR China.
authors.forename: Su Xian
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hua Xiu
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Hao Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiao Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Xiao Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mao Qiang
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng Guang
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009538:Nicotine