title: Anisotropic processing of laser speckle images improves spatiotemporal resolution.
abstract: Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a full field optical imaging technique, capable of imaging blood flow without the introduction of any exogenous dyes. Spatial and temporal resolution in LSCI images depend on how pixels are chosen from the raw image stack for contrast processing. However, all processing schemes are based on isotropic treatment of the spatial neighborhood about each pixel, restricting further improvement in spatiotemporal resolution and image quality. We present a novel spatiotemporal processing scheme for LSCI where the spatial neighborhood is anisotropic, that is, restricted along a specific direction that matches direction of blood flow. The technique allows for a significant increase in temporal resolution, from conventionally used 40 or 80 frames to just three frames; while simultaneously achieving 23% and 47% higher signal-to-noise ratios over concurrent spatiotemporal schemes, when imaging rapid and slow functional changes in blood flow, respectively. We present the concept, justification, and performance evaluation of the novel scheme and demonstrate its suitability for imaging rapid changes in blood flow. Anisotropic LSCI was able to monitor the heart rate associated fluctuations in intravascular blood flow and showed them to be as high as 28% of the mean.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. arege@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rege
authors.forename: Janaka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senarathna
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nitish V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Thakor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D054020:Lasers, Gas; D055806:Microvessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio