title: Inhibitor development in two patients with mild haemophilia A - spontaneous disappearance and no recurrence of the inhibitor after re-challenge.
abstract: Inhibitors against factor VIII (FVIII) complicate the treatment of patients with haemophilia. In mild haemophilia, the development of antibodies against FVIII is rare. However, the occurrence of an inhibitor in mild haemophilia changes the bleeding phenotype from mild to severe, and thus becomes a major clinical problem. We report on two patients with mild haemophilia A (FVIII level 8 and 27%, respectively), who have a missense mutation in exon 16 (G to A transition in codon 1773) and exon 22 (T to C transition in codon 2096), respectively. Both mutations have not been described in the Haemophilia A Mutation, Structure Test and Resource Site. Our patients developed high titer inhibitors following an intensive FVIII replacement therapy due to a muscle bleeding and after a polytrauma. During the presence of the inhibitor, AICC or FVIIa was successfully used as bypassing agent. In both patients the inhibitor disappeared spontaneously. Years after the development of the inhibitor, the patients again received FVIII concentrates. Reappearance of the inhibitor was not observed in either patient. The reported cases indicate that inhibitors in patients with mild haemophilia might be transient and disappear spontaneously. Therefore, the necessity of immune tolerance therapy, which is costly and strenuous for the patients, should be critically examined for each individual patient and a watch and wait strategy might be advisable.
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. sylvia-elisabeth.reitter@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reitter-Pfoertner
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Raute
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sunder-Plassmann
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mannhalter
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pabinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D005169:Factor VIII