title: High-porous platinum electrodes for functional electrical stimulation.
abstract: This paper reports on the preparation and characterization of highly porous platinum electrodes for functional electrical stimulation. Thin-film platinum electrodes were roughened by electrochemical deposition of platinum-copper alloys and subsequent removal of copper using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Prepared samples were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (EIS), CVs and long-term pulse testing. The electrodes exhibited an increased porosity by a factor of ~238 when compared to sputtered platinum electrodes. EIS measurements showed a decreased impedance of about 85% and pulse tests suggested a stable coating over at least 250 million pulses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Boretius@imtek.de
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boretius
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jurzinsky
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerzenmacher
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hillebrecht
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010984:Platinum