title: Salivary and serum chromogranin A and α-amylase in periodontal health and disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salivary stress-related biomarkers in connection with periodontal disease have not been extensively studied. In addition to cortisol as a well-known marker of stress loading, chromogranin A (CgA) and α-amylase (AA) are supposed to link the activity of the neuroendocrine system to local and systemic immune functions and to be related to periodontitis. This study aims to determine CgA and AA in saliva and serum in periodontal health and disease to assess their potential relationship to periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with aggressive (AgP) (n = 24) and chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 34) as well as healthy control (CO) (n = 30) individuals participated in this study. CgA and AA were determined in saliva and serum with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an adapted clinical amylase test; salivary cortisol was determined using mass spectrometry. Clinical parameters of periodontal disease were evaluated, and their possible correlations with stress-related biomarkers were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher CgA levels were found in the saliva of patients with AgP compared with those in patients with CP and CO individuals (P <0.001). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in the AgP group compared with those in patients with CP (P <0.05). No differences in serum CgA levels and salivary and serum AA activities were found among all groups. A positive correlation was revealed between salivary AA activity or salivary CgA levels and the extent of periodontitis (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest an association of CgA and cortisol levels as well as AA activity in saliva with periodontitis, especially a significant relationship of salivary CgA and cortisol to AgP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hady
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haririan
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bertl
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laky
authors.forename: Wolf-Dieter
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rausch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böttcher
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matejka
authors.forename: Oleh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andrukhov
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rausch-Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053379:Chromogranin A; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D006854:Hydrocortisone