title: Antimicrobial efficacy of Achillea ligustica All. (Asteraceae) essential oils against reference and isolated oral microorganisms.
abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of Achillea ligustica essential oils against several oral microorganisms in comparison with a commercial essential oil-containing mouthrinse (Listerine(®)) and clove oil (containing 89% eugenol). The inhibition efficacy of A. ligustica essential oils alone and in combination with Listerine(®) was evaluated by the micro-dilution method. The most susceptible microorganisms were Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans. The efficacy was similar to that of the clove oil. The antiseptic mouthwash Listerine(®) did not exert a strong inhibition on microbial strains tested, whereas its effectiveness increased significantly when essential oil was added. The study provides additional evidence for the in vitro inhibitory activity of A. ligustica essential oils on several pathogens, suggesting their usefulness in mouthrinse formulations as an adjunct to mechanical oral hygiene regimens. Essential oil-containing mouthrinses can be beneficial, safe components of daily oral health routines, representing an efficient and without side effect alternative to prevent and control oral infections.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, IT-62032, Camerino.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cecchini
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silvi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cresci
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piciotti
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sagratini
authors.forename: Sauro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vittori
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maggi
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000592:standards; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile