title: Effect of individual proton pump inhibitors on cardiovascular events in patients treated with clopidogrel following coronary stenting: results from the Ibaraki Cardiac Assessment Study Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether combination therapy of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) causes higher numbers of cardiovascular events than clopidogrel alone in Japanese patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PPIs are often prescribed in combination with clopidogrel following coronary stenting. PPIs are reported to diminish the effect of clopidogrel because both are metabolized by CYP2C19. However, no reports address the effects of PPIs on cardiovascular events following coronary stenting in the Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,887 patients treated with clopidogrel following coronary stenting were enrolled in the Ibaraki Cardiac Assessment Study (ICAS) registry. All subjects were classified into two groups according to treatment without (n = 819) or with (n = 1,068) PPI. Propensity score analysis matched 1:1 according to treatment without PPI (n = 500) or with PPI (n = 500). Primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death or myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed in the primary endpoint between the group without PPI and the group with PPI (4.6% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.77). In contrast, a significant difference was found between the group without PPI and with PPI in regard to the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding at the end of the follow-up period and the specific PPI prescribed (2.4% vs. 0.8%, adjusted HR = 0.30, 95% Confidence interval 0.08-0.87, P = 0.026) after propensity score matching.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant association between PPI use and primary endpoint was observed in the Japanese population, whereas PPI use resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Moriya Daiichi General Hospital, Moriya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeyasu
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakefuda
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aonuma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057216:Propensity Score; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine