title: Long-term results of the amplatzer cribriform occluder for patent foramen ovale with associated atrial septal aneurysm: impact on occlusion rate and left atrial functional remodelling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of patients with concomitant patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) poses a number of challenges; while some authors have suggested the off-label use of the Amplatzer Cribriform Occluder in such anatomy, the long-term outcomes of this strategy is unknown. Our study aimed to assess the long-term impact on closure rate, left atrial functional remodelling, and clinical outcomes of off-label implantation of Amplatzer ASD Cribriform Occluder in patients with PFO and ASA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 160 consecutive patients with previous stroke (mean age 36 ± 9.5 years, 109 females), significant PFO and ASA. All patients were treated with Amplatzer Cribriform Occluder to ensure the most complete possible coverage of the ASA. Residual shunt and LA passive and active emptying, LA conduit function, and LA ejection fraction were computed before and after 6 months from the procedure and then yearly. All patients underwent successful transcatheter closure (mean ratio device/diameter of interatrial septum = 0.74).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incomplete ASA coverage during intraprocedural intracardiac echocardiography was observed in 71 patients. During mean follow-up of 3.6 ± 1.8 years, when compared to patients with complete coverage, there were no differences in LA functional parameters and complete occlusion achieved in 150/160 patients (93.7%). No new cerebral ischemic events, aortic erosions or device thrombosis were recorded during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THE USE OF THE AMPLATZER ASD CRIBRIFORM TO TREAT PFO AND ASSOCIATED ASA SEEMS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE: relatively small Occluder devices are probably effective enough to promote left atrial functional remodelling.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rigatelli
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dell'avvocata
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardaioli
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Braggion
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giordan
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fraccaro
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chinaglia
authors.forename: Jack P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chen