title: Status of the Southern Carpathian forests in the long-term ecological research network.
abstract: Air pollution, bulk precipitation, throughfall, soil condition, foliar nutrients, as well as forest health and growth were studied in 2006-2009 in a long-term ecological research (LTER) network in the Bucegi Mountains, Romania. Ozone (O(3)) was high indicating a potential for phytotoxicity. Ammonia (NH(3)) concentrations rose to levels that could contribute to deposition of nutritional nitrogen (N) and could affect biodiversity changes. Higher that 50% contribution of acidic rain (pH < 5.5) contributed to increased acidity of forest soils. Foliar N concentrations for Norway spruce (Picea abies), Silver fir (Abies alba), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) were normal, phosphorus (P) was high, while those of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and especially of manganese (Mn) were significantly below the typical European or Carpathian region levels. The observed nutritional imbalance could have negative effects on forest trees. Health of forests was moderately affected, with damaged trees (crown defoliation >25%) higher than 30%. The observed crown damage was accompanied by the annual volume losses for the entire research forest area up to 25.4%. High diversity and evenness specific to the stand type's structures and local climate conditions were observed within the herbaceous layer, indicating that biodiversity of the vascular plant communities was not compromised.
authors.affiliation: Forest Research and Management Institute (ICAS), Eroilor Bld. 128, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania. obadea@icas.ro
authors.forename: Ovidiu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Badea
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bytnerowicz
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silaghi
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neagu
authors.forename: Ion
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barbu
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacoban
authors.forename: Corneliu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacob
authors.forename: Gheorghe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guiman
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Preda
authors.forename: Ioan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seceleanu
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oneata
authors.forename: Ion
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dumitru
authors.forename: Viorela
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Horia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iuncu
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dinca
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leca
authors.forename: Ioan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taut
mesh_terms: D015258:Acid Rain / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044822:Biodiversity; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D012383:Romania; D014197:Trees / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D015258:Acid Rain; D010758:Phosphorus; D010126:Ozone; D009584:Nitrogen