title: Structural and inflammatory heterogeneity in subcutaneous adipose tissue: relation with liver histopathology in morbid obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In addition to total body fat, the regional distribution and inflammatory status of enlarged adipose tissue are strongly associated with metabolic co-morbidities of obesity. We recently showed that the severity of histological liver lesions related to obesity increases with the amount of macrophage accumulation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), while no association was found with the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). In the abdominal region, SAT is anatomically divided into two layers, i.e. superficial (sSAT) and deep (dSAT). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that these distinct compartments differentially contribute to hepatic alterations in obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsies of the liver, sSAT, dSAT, and VAT were collected in 45 subjects with morbid obesity (age 43.7±1.6 years; BMI 48.5±1.2kg/m(2)) during bariatric surgery. Large scale gene expression analysis was performed to identify the pathways that discriminate sSAT from dSAT. Adipose tissue macrophages were quantified by immunohistochemistry using HAM56 antibody in subjects scored for liver histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inflammatory gene pattern discriminates between sSAT and dSAT. dSAT displayed an intermediate level of macrophage accumulation between sSAT and VAT. The abundance of macrophages in dSAT, but not in sSAT, was significantly increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or fibroinflammatory hepatic lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show distinct gene signature and macrophage abundance in the two compartments of SAT, with dSAT more closely related to VAT than to sSAT in terms of inflammation and relation with the severity of liver diseases in morbid obesity.
authors.affiliation: ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France. Electronic address: joan.tordjman@crc.jussieu.fr.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tordjman
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Divoux
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France.
authors.forename: Edi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prifti
authors.affiliation: ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France; CRNH-Ile de France, Paris F-75013, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poitou
authors.affiliation: ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France.
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pelloux
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Anatomo-pathology Department, Paris F-75004, France.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hugol
authors.affiliation: ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France; CRNH-Ile de France, Paris F-75013, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basdevant
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Surgery Department, Paris F-75004, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bouillot
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Diabetology-Edocrinology-Nutrition Department, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Beaujon Hospital, Pathology Department, Clichy F-92110, France; Centre de Recherche Bichat-Beaujon, INSERM U773, Clichy F-92110, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bedossa
authors.affiliation: ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerre-Millo
authors.affiliation: ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France; CRNH-Ile de France, Paris F-75013, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clement
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000473:pathology*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000473:pathology*