title: Improving interstitial transport of macromolecules through reduction in cell volume fraction in tumor tissues.
abstract: Interstitial transport of large molecules and nanoparticles is an important concern in nanomedicine-mediated cancer treatment. To that end, the current study was proposed to improve the transport through enlargement of extracellular space by treating tumors with hypertonic solution of mannitol and cytotoxic agents (e.g., ethacrynic acid [ECA]), which could effectively shrink and kill cells, respectively. In the study, the improvement in interstitial penetration of dextran was investigated ex vivo using rat fibrosarcoma tissues sectioned into 600 μm slices. Experimental data showed that the hypertonic solution was more effective than ECA for improving interstitial penetration of dextran with molecular weights ranging from 4000 to 2,000,000. The extent of improvement depended on the size of dextran molecules and the time when the treatment was applied. Results from the study suggested that increases in both size and connectedness of interstitial pathways were important for improvement of interstitial transport of large molecules and nanoparticles.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study reports on the optimization of interstitial transport both for large molecules and nanoparticles in nanomedicine-mediated cancer treatment. The study demonstrates that hypertonic solutions could efficiently lead to cancer cell shrinkage and more so than the applied cytotoxic agent thereby improving transport of chemotherapeutic entities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects*; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D003911:Dextrans; D008353:Mannitol; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid