title: Excretion of anti-angiogenic proteins in patients with chronic allograft dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have recently documented the appearance of an anti-angiogenic peptide, endorepellin, in the urine of patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the excretion of anti-angiogenic peptides endostatin, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and Kruppel-like factor-2 (KLF-2), in healthy individuals, patients with stable graft function and patients with various degrees of CAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In healthy subjects and patients with CAD-0, endostatin, PEDF and KLF-2 excretions were at the level of detection. In contrast, there were significant differences between the patients with CAD-3 and CAD-0, CAD-1 and healthy controls for endostatin and CAD-0 versus CAD-3 for PEDF, but no differences in KLF-2 excretion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses demonstrated a highly discriminative profile for all three biomarkers: the combination of these parameters offered 83% sensitivity and 90% specificity in distinguishing CAD-0 from CAD-1-3. The quality of these potential biomarkers of CAD was, however, highest in discriminating CAD status in biopsy-proven cases and dropped when CAD-0 was diagnosed based on clinical criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, these findings indicate the diagnostic potential of urinary detection of endostatin, PEDF and to lesser degree KLF-2 and suggest a mechanistic role played by anti-angiogenic substances in the developing vasculopathy and vascular rarefaction in patients with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moskowitz-Kassai
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mackelaite
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kaushal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Darshana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dadhania
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Luqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ligong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiangqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Manikkam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suthanthiran
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Goligorsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D043169:Endostatins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015843:Serpins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D043169:Endostatins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor; C080774:erythroid Kruppel-like factor