title: Low-dose fish oil supplementation increases serum adiponectin without affecting inflammatory markers in overweight subjects.
abstract: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, whereas long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from fish may have cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that acute and short-term supplementation with a low dose of marine n-3 PUFA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in overweight subjects. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 2 parallel groups, 50 overweight subjects were randomized to receive daily supplementation with 2 capsules containing either 2 g of fish oil (1.1 g marine n-3 PUFA) or 2 g of olive oil. Blood samples and adipose tissue biopsies were collected at baseline, after 1 day (acute effect), and after 6 weeks (short-term effect) of supplementation. No significant effects were seen after supplementation for 1 day, but after 6 weeks, subjects receiving fish oil had a significant increase in the n-3 PUFA content of granulocytes and adipose tissue (P < .01). Serum adiponectin levels were increased by 0.55 μg/mL (95% confidence interval, 0.02-1.08) in the fish oil group compared with the control group (P = .04) after 6 weeks of supplementation. Levels of interleukin 6 were inversely correlated to the marine n-3 PUFA content of granulocytes and adipose tissue at baseline (excluding α-linolenic acid). In conclusion, daily supplementation with 1.1 g of marine n-3 PUFA significantly increased serum adiponectin, but the effect was small, and no overall anti-inflammatory effect of the supplement could be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark. anders.henriksen@rn.dk
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gammelmark
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varming
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundbye-Christensen
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D005395:Fish Oils; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils