title: Effect of dietary supplementation of organic chromium on performance, carcass traits, oxidative parameters, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to study effect of supplementing graded concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 μg/kg diet) of organic chromium (Cr) on performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 days of age. Body mass gain and feed efficiency at 21 and 42 days of age and relative mass of liver, abdominal fat, and ready to cook yields at 42 days of age were not affected (P > 0.05) by supplementing organic Cr in broiler diet. Body mass loss during pre-slaughter holding period (12 h) reduced and relative breast mass increased nonlinearly (P < 0.01) with concentration of Cr in diet. Lipid peroxidation decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased nonlinearly with Cr supplementation. The ratio between heterophyl and lymphocyte was not affected (P > 0.05) with Cr supplementation in broiler diet. Relative mass of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus) and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatments employed. The cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased nonlinearly with dietary Cr concentration. The results of the present study indicated that supplementation of organic Cr did not influence body mass and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of the Cr reduced pre-slaughter holding losses, increased the relative mass of breast, and increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers reared in tropics.
authors.affiliation: Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. svramarao1@gmail.com
authors.forename: S V Rama
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: M V L N
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Poonam
authors.forename: O Krishna
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: G Shyam
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sunder
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D002857:Chromium; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase