title: Proteomic analysis of dimethoate-responsive proteins in the oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) gonad.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The organophosphorus pesticide dimethoate (DM) has been widely used in agriculture, and its extensive use could still have left many environmental problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) was subjected to acute DM toxicity (2 mg/L), and gas chromatographic analysis revealed and quantified residues of DM in the oyster gonad.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed 12 differentially expressed proteins in the DM-exposed oyster gonad in comparison to the control. Among these 12 protein spots, nine were down-regulated, and three were up-regulated. Both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and database searching were utilized to identify these differential proteins, and revealed five proteins previously described as being related to DM toxicity. In addition, the levels of mRNA expression corresponding to these differential proteins were further proved in part by real-time PCR. The functions of these proteins were summarized as: carrying out energy metabolism, DNA repair, DNA transcriptional regulation, and oxidative protection. The remaining seven protein spots were of particular interest in terms of their responses to DM, which have seldom been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data might point to a number of novel and significant biomarkers for evaluating the contamination levels of DM and provide useful insight into the mechanisms of DM toxicity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kun-Shan
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ke-Jian
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cai-Huan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: He-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006066:Gonads / Q000737:chemistry*; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004117:Dimethoate