title: Two-photon and second harmonic microscopy in clinical and translational cancer research.
abstract: Application of two-photon microscopy (TPM) to translational and clinical cancer research has burgeoned over the last several years, as several avenues of pre-clinical research have come to fruition. In this review, we focus on two forms of TPM-two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy-as they have been used for investigating cancer pathology in ex vivo and in vivo human tissue. We begin with discussion of two-photon theory and instrumentation particularly as applicable to cancer research, followed by an overview of some of the relevant cancer research literature in areas that include two-photon imaging of human tissue biopsies, human skin in vivo, and the rapidly developing technology of two-photon microendoscopy. We believe these and other evolving two-photon methodologies will continue to help translate cancer research from the bench to the bedside, and ultimately bring minimally invasive methods for cancer diagnosis and treatment to therapeutic reality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. Seth_Perry@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Seth W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical