title: Glove material, reservoir formation, and dose affect glove permeation and subsequent skin penetration.
abstract: Protective gloves are used to reduce dermal exposure when managing chemical exposures at the work place. Different glove materials may offer different degrees of protection. The present study combined the traditional ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) model with the Franz diffusion cell to evaluate overall penetration through glove and skin as well as the deposition in the different reservoirs. Benzoic acid was applied on latex or nitrile gloves placed on top of human skin. The amounts of chemical were quantified in the glove material, between glove and skin, within the skin, and in the receptor chamber. Both glove materials reduce total penetration of benzoic acid, but nitrile gloves offer a significantly better protection than latex gloves. This difference was less pronounced at the higher of the two concentrations of benzoic acid applied. Thus, glove types that offer relevant protection at low concentrations does not necessarily give appropriate protection at high concentrations. Significant amounts of benzoic acid could be extracted from the glove materials after exposure. If a chemical is accumulated in the glove material, reuse of single-use gloves should be cautioned. The reuse of gloves is generally not to be recommended without effective decontamination.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17, 5000 Odense C, Denmark. jbnielsen@health.sdu.dk
authors.forename: Jesper Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Jens Ahm
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007840:Latex / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D007840:Latex; D009570:Nitriles; D019817:Benzoic Acid