title: Influence of host tree condition on the performance of Tetropium fuscum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).
abstract: Tetropium fuscum (F.) attacks weakened Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., in its native Europe and may colonize healthy spruce in Nova Scotia, Canada. We used manipulative field experiments to evaluate: 1) the development of T. fuscum on apparently healthy red spruce (Picea rubens  Sarg.) in Nova Scotia; 2) the influence of red spruce physiological condition (healthy, girdled or cut) on T. fuscum performance; and 3) the impact of natural enemies and competitors on T. fuscum performance when developing on trees of varying condition. Tetropium fuscum successfully developed  on healthy red spruce. Survival was higher on healthy than on girdled or cut trees when larvae were exposed to natural enemies and competitors. The benefits of reduced competition and parasitism on healthy trees appeared to compensate for any reductions in nutritional quality, increase in  host resistance, or both. In contrast, when T. fuscum were protected from natural enemies, apparent survival was highest on girdled trees. Tetropium fuscum development took longer on healthy than on cut or girdled trees, and emerged adults were largest on healthy trees. The disparities in  adult sizes among the three treatments may mean that healthy trees are more nutritious. Alternatively, the differences may indicate that a greater amount of time was spent feeding in healthy than in girdled or cut trees. Tree condition appears to have a direct impact on the success of T. fuscum,  influencing survival, development time, and adult size, and may mediate the impact of natural enemies and competitors, further affecting T. fuscum performance.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. leahelizabethflaherty@gmail.com
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pureswaran
authors.forename: Dan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Quiring
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D005260:Female; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition; D028222:Picea / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013312:Stress, Physiological