title: Bystander reaction to women fighting: developing a theory of intervention.
abstract: This article explores accounts of bystanders to female-on-female public violence. Group interviews with participants in the night-time economy are carried out. Whereas men tend to respond to the discussion topic of female-on-female violence with laughter, this laughter reveals ambivalence and discomfort as much as amusement. Men seem to negotiate the tension between the expectation that they should intervene in emergencies and a catalogue of costs that attend intervention. Female bystanders appear to have a different set of concerns. They talk about feelings of shame at the interpersonal and the group level. Women cite the public spectacle, and the opportunity for men to demean or sexualize women, as reasons for intervention. The article concludes with some recommendations about the importance of exploring female violence in its own terms, beginning with a series of identified moral and social dilemmas incurred within possible third-party intervention.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. rdlowe@uclan.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007845:Laughter; D008297:Male; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012737:Sex Factors; D012752:Shame; D012919:Social Behavior; D006113:United Kingdom; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*