title: Placental villous expression of TNFα and IL-10 and effect of oxygen tension in euploid early pregnancy failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate placental inflammation in chromosomally normal miscarriages in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chorionic villous tissue was collected from missed miscarriages and normal gestation-matched controls and cultured at 6 and 20% O(2) concentrations. Tissue was karyotyped. Flowcytometric bead arrays and real-time PCR were carried out for protein and gene expression studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of TNFα and IL-10 were significantly (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05) higher, and the levels of TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 were significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) lower in culture conditioned medium of villous explants of miscarriages compared to control group. Villous tissue homogenates from miscarriages contained significantly (P < 0.005) lower levels of TNF-R1. There was a significant O(2) -dependent increase in the secretion of IL-10 (P < 0.01) and decrease in TNFα/IL-10 ratio (P < 0.005) in the culture medium in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased levels of TNFα and decreased levels of receptors in miscarriage villous tissue confirm an excessive placental inflammation in miscarriage patients.
authors.affiliation: UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, UK. jean.calleja-agius@um.edu.mt
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calleja-Agius
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jauniaux
authors.forename: Shanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muttukrishna
mesh_terms: D000030:Abortion, Missed / Q000378:metabolism*; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000502:physiology; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10