title: Cardiovascular mortality in women with obstructive sleep apnea with or without continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular death in men, but whether it is also a risk factor in women is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular death in women and assess whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment is associated with a change in risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 sleep clinics in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women consecutively referred for suspected OSA between 1998 and 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Every woman had a diagnostic sleep study. Women with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) less than 10 were the control group. Obstructive sleep apnea was diagnosed when the AHI was 10 or higher (classified as mild to moderate [AHI of 10 to 29] or severe [AHI ≥30]). Patients with OSA were classified as CPAP-treated (adherence ≥4 hours per day) or untreated (adherence <4 hours per day or not prescribed). Participants were followed until December 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  The end point was cardiovascular death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1116 women were studied (median follow-up, 72 months [interquartile range, 52 to 88 months]). The control group had a lower cardiovascular mortality rate (0.28 per 100 person-years [95% CI, 0.10 to 0.91]) than the untreated groups with mild to moderate OSA (0.94 per 100 person-years [CI, 0.10 to 2.40]; P = 0.034) or severe OSA (3.71 per 100 person-years [CI, 0.09 to 7.50]; P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular mortality were 3.50 (CI, 1.23 to 9.98) for the untreated, severe OSA group; 0.55 (CI, 0.17 to 1.74) for the CPAP-treated, severe OSA group; 1.60 (CI, 0.52 to 4.90) for the untreated, mild to moderate OSA group; and 0.19 (CI, 0.02 to 1.67) for the CPAP-treated, mild to moderate OSA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study was observational and not randomized, and OSA was diagnosed by 2 different methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe OSA is associated with cardiovascular death in women, and adequate CPAP treatment may reduce this risk.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None.
authors.affiliation: Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain. fracamrod@gmail.com
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martinez-Garcia
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de la Cruz-Moron
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almeida-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catalan-Serra
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montserrat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*