title: Instrumented toys for studying power and precision grasp forces in infants.
abstract: Currently the study of infants grasping development is purely clinical, based on functional scales or on the observation of the infant while playing; no quantitative variables are measured or known for diagnosis of eventually disturbed development. The aim of this work is to show the results of a longitudinal study achieved by using a "baby gym" composed by a set of instrumented toys, as a tool to measure and stimulate grasping actions, in infants from 4 to 9 months of life. The study has been carried out with 7 healthy infants and it was observed, during infants development, an increase of precision grasp and a reduction of power grasp with age. Moreover the forces applied for performing both precision and power grasp increase with age. The proposed devices represent a valid tool for continuous and quantitative measuring infants manual function and motor development, without being distressful for the infant and consequently it could be suitable for early intervention training during the first year of life. The same system, in fact, could be used with infants at high risk for developmental motor disorder in order to evaluate any potential difference from control healthy infants.
authors.affiliation: BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy. s.serio@sssup.it
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cecchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boldrini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laschi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgandurra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dario
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D010988:Play and Playthings; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014160:Transducers, Pressure