title: Appendicitis in paediatric age group: correlation between preoperative inflammatory markers and postoperative histological diagnosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical diagnosis of appendicitis can be challenging, particularly in the paediatric age group. There is an increased risk of perforation in paediatrics; therefore, a need for sensitive and specific diagnostic tool is mandatory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of preoperative inflammatory markers in supporting the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis in the paediatric age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 268 emergency paediatric appendicectomies performed in a District General Hospital in Wales, over a period of seven years (2002-2009). The data collected from hospital database include preoperative inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells count (WBCC) and post-operative histology. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age group in the study was 12 (2-16). 141 (53%) patients were <12 years, while 127 (47%) patients were 12-16 years old. Male : female ratio = 1 : 1 (134 each). Inflammatory markers were not done for 94 patients (35%). CRP was done for 149 cases (55.6%), while WBCC was done for 172 cases (64%). Both markers were done together for 147 cases (54.8%). Histology was positive (inflamed / gangrenous appendix) in 202 cases (75.4%). Eight cases were associated with Enterobious vermicularis infestation and one patient had carcinoid tumour. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP were 82% and 60%, respectively, with positive predictive value (PPV) of 87% (P<0.0001), while those of WBCC were 80% and 59%, respectively, with PPV of 88% (P<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of both markers together were 80% and 70%, respectively, with PPV= 81% (P = 3.11E-8). 94 patients (35%) had an appendicectomy operation based on clinical diagnosis alone without preoperative inflammatory markers having been tested. In 28 cases (30%) out of these, postoperative histology revealed normal appendix (P = 0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRP and WBCC are simple tests that can provide a significant role supporting the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the paediatric age group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. petertadros@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: Fady
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yanni
authors.forename: Asal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izzidien
mesh_terms: D001064:Appendicitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein