title: Determination of trigeminocardiac reflex during rhinoplasty.
abstract: In most rhinoplasty procedures, osteotomies are usually required. The osteotomy areas are innervated by sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is clinically defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic activity during stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. When an osteotomy is performed or external pressure is applied over the nasal bone, the infraorbital nerve may send signals via this nerve. The aim of this prospective study is to determine the blood pressure changes and occurrence of TCR during rhinoplasty. one hundred and eight patients were enrolled into the study. Lidocaine and adrenaline combination (LAC) was injected only into the left lateral osteotomy sites. All patients underwent median, right-side, then left-side lateral osteotomies and nasal pyramid infracture. The haemodynamic changes were recorded. A 10% or more decrease in the heart rate from baseline was considered a TCR. TCR was detected in nine patients following lateral osteotomies and nasal pyramid infracture procedures (8.3%). The authors determined that LAC injection prior to osteotomy did not prevent TCR. Manipulation at or near the infraorbital nerve during rhinoplasty may cause TCR, even if local anaesthetic infiltration is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey. edzyrg@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yorgancilar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakir
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Akkus
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Topcu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D059230:Reflex, Trigeminocardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine