title: Aquatic ecotoxicity assessment of a new natural formicide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Agrochemicals could reach aquatic ecosystems and damage ecosystem functionality. Natural formicide could be an alternative to use in comparison with the more toxic formicides available on the market. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the ecotoxicity of the new natural formicide Macex® with a battery of classical aquatic ecotoxicity tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri), algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), hydra (Hydra attenuata), daphnids (Daphnia magna), and fish (Danio rerio) tests were performed in accordance with international standardized methodologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the range of formicide concentrations tested (0.03 to 2.0 g L(-1)) EC(50) values varied from 0.49 to >2.0 g L(-1), with P. subcapitata being the most sensitive species and H. attenuata and D. rerio the most tolerant species to this product in aqueous solutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new formicide preparation can be classed as a product of low toxicity compared to the aquatic ecotoxicity of the most common commercialized formicides.
authors.affiliation: UNIVALI-Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Testolin
authors.forename: Vinícius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tischer
authors.forename: Andre O S
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotelle
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Férard
authors.forename: Claudemir M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Radetski
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006829:Hydra / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides