title: Citrate carrier promoter is target of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma in hepatocytes and adipocytes.
abstract: Citrate carrier (CiC), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, is an essential component of the shuttle system which transports acetyl-CoA from mitochondria to the cytosol where lipogenesis occurs. CiC is regulated by SREBP-1, a transcription factor that controls the expression of several lipogenic genes. CiC is also implicated in cholesterol synthesis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, suggesting that besides SREBP-1 other transcription factors could modulate the expression of its gene. Here, we provide evidences demonstrating that CiC expression is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma in hepatocytes and adipocytes, respectively. CiC expression increased in rat BRL-3A hepatocytes treated with WY-14,643, agonist of PPARα, and in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with rosiglitazone, agonist of PPARγ. The overexpression of PPARα/RXRα and PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer enhanced CiC promoter activity in BRL-3A and 3T3-L1, respectively. Luciferase reporter gene and gel mobility shift assays indicated that a functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE), identified in the CiC promoter, conferred responsiveness to activation by PPARs. The binding of PPRE of CiC promoter by PPARα and PPARγin vivo was confirmed by ChIP assay in BRL-3A and 3T3-L1 cells, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Damiano
authors.forename: Gabriele V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Gnoni
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siculella
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; C020723:citrate-binding transport protein; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D008156:Luciferases