title: Large decreases in standardized uptake values after definitive radiation are associated with better survival of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: We evaluated potential associations between maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) on (18)F-FDG PET before and after radiation therapy (RT) and survival outcomes for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (n = 49) who had undergone (18)F-FDG PET at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center both before and up to 3.5 mo after undergoing radiochemotherapy were studied; exclusion criteria were patients with a history of thoracic surgery, RT, or other cancer or those who had received a total radiation dose less than 60 Gy. We assessed associations between overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) and post-RT SUV(max) and the extent of decrease in SUV(max) in the primary tumor (PT) and regional lymph nodes (LNs). SUV(max) was assessed as a continuous variable by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that having a high post-RT SUV(max) (either PT or LNs) was associated with a higher risk of death (univariate analyses: hazard ratio [HR] for PT SUV(max), 1.27, P < 0.0001; HR for LN SUV(max), 1.32, P = 0.004) and disease recurrence (univariate analyses: HR for PT SUV(max), 1.16, P = 0.004; HR for LN SUV(max), 1.32, P = 0.001). Moreover, after definitive RT, the greater the decrease in SUV(max) in the lesion that had the highest SUV(max) at diagnosis, the longer the OS (HR, 0.06; P = 0.002), DFS (HR, 0.03; P = 0.001), local-regional control (HR, 0.04; P = 0.002), and distant metastasis-free survival (HR, 0.07; P = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The post-RT SUV(max) in both the PT and the LNs was a predictor of survival-specifically, the higher the residual SUV(max) after RT, the poorer the OS and DFS; and the greater the decrease in SUV(max) in the lesion with the highest SUV(max) at diagnosis, the longer the OS and DFS. This information should help to identify patients who are at high risk of recurrence and for whom additional treatments can be designed accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lopez Guerra
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gladish
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komaki
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Zhongxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001692:Biological Transport; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18