title: The dehaloperoxidase paradox.
abstract: The dual functions of the dehaloperoxidase-hemoglobin of Amphitrite ornata leads to a paradox. Peroxidase and hemoglobin functions require ferric and ferrous resting states, respectively. Assuming that hemoglobin function is the dominant function, the starting point for peroxidase activation would be the oxyferrous state. Activation of that state leads to the ferryl intermediate, followed by one-electron oxidation of the substrate, which results in the ferric state. Since no exogenous reductant is known, there is no return to the ferrous form or hemoglobin function. The observation that an internal binding site for 4-bromophenol leads to inhibition leads to a further paradox that the enzyme would be inhibited immediately upon activation under ambient conditions in benthic ecosystems where the inhibitor, 4-bromophenol is present in greater concentration than the substrate, 2,4,6-tribromophenol. In this review, we explore the unresolved aspects of the reaction scheme that leads to the apparent paradox. Recent data showing activation of the oxyferrous state, an extremely high reduction potential and exogenous reduction by the 2,6-dibromoquinone product present a potential resolution of the paradox. These aspects are discussed in the context of control of reactivity radical pathways and reactivity by the motion of the distal histidine, H55, which in turn is coupled to the binding of substrate and inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. Stefan_Franzen@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Reza A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ghiladi
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005609:Free Radicals; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010636:Phenols; D006418:Heme; C098661:DHP I dehaloperoxidase; D010544:Peroxidases; C032037:4-bromophenol