title: Lack of insurance and parity influence choice between long-acting reversible contraception and sterilization in women postpregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disparities in postpregnancy contraception utilization exist, with low-income women disproportionately undergoing sterilization. We assessed the impact of increased intrauterine device (IUD) availability on rates of female sterilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital billing records were used to identify women with an IUD placement or sterilization within 1 year of a pregnancy at a university hospital between Oct 2005 and Jun 2007. Demographic data were compared between women receiving either an IUD or sterilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 365 sterilizations and 223 IUD placements during the study period. IUD placements doubled over the study period from 6% to 12% of all deliveries, while sterilizations remained stable at 11% (p<.001). Demographic variables were examined for women with either public or private insurance who had financial access to both sterilization (n=253) and IUD (n=223). Women receiving sterilization were slightly older (mean age 31 years versus 30 years, p=.03), of higher parity (median three versus two, p<.01), more likely to have had cesarean delivery (69% versus 31%, p<.001) and more likely to have public insurance (77% versus 23%, p<.001) than women who received IUD. Approximately 45% of women delivering in Oregon in 2007 were publicly insured (2010 Maternal and Child Health Update: States Make Progress Towards Improving Systems of Care. National Governor's Association, Table 6. Available at http://www.nga.org/files/live/sites/NGA/files/pdf/MCHUPDATE2010.PDF, accessed Nov 2011). After adjusting for age, parity and type of delivery, women choosing sterilization were more likely to have public insurance than women choosing IUD (odds ratio 8.4, 95% confidence interval 4.7-14.9, p<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women choosing sterilization are more likely to have public insurance than women choosing IUD and may represent a continued trend toward nonreversible contraception among women of lower socioeconomic status despite available long-acting reversible methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. schaum@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Maureen K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Alison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Edelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D010298:Parity; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult