title: Dexrazoxane treatment of doxorubicin extravasation injury in four dogs.
abstract: METHODS
  4 dogs were treated with dexrazoxane for known or suspected doxorubicin extravasation. Records were retrospectively reviewed. Doses and number of doses of dexrazoxane were variable. Dexrazoxane was administered within 2 hours after known extravasation in 3 dogs and 48 hours after suspected extravasation in 1 dog. Additional medical treatments included tissue cooling in all dogs, topically administered dimethyl sulfoxide ointment in 3, and orally administered piroxicam in 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mild erythema and edema at the extravasation site developed within 1 to 6 days after extravasation in the 3 dogs that received dexrazoxane within 2 hours after extravasation. Extensive tissue necrosis occurred in the dog treated 48 hours after suspected extravasation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the dog with severe tissue necrosis required surgical intervention. Lesions in the other 3 dogs resolved with medical management alone. All dogs survived the event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, use of dexrazoxane in the management of doxorubicin extravasation has not been reported in dogs. Treatment was successful in 3 of 4 patients. The most effective dosage and timing of administration are unknown; however, there is evidence to suggest that administration within 6 hours after the event is warranted. Further studies are needed to confirm efficacy and to optimize use of this drug in the prevention and treatment of anthracycline extravasation injury in veterinary patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Venable
authors.forename: Corey F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Endicott
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Northrup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011929:Razoxane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D011929:Razoxane; D004317:Doxorubicin