title: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to augment reach and hand opening after stroke.
abstract: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) may be able to augment functional arm and hand movement after stroke. However, neuroprostheses that combine voluntary effort and FES must take into account the co-contraction patterns (synergies) that are common across multiple joints. The goal of this study is to determine the principles under which voluntary effort and FES can be combined to achieve useful reach and hand opening. A reach and hand opening task is performed where different levels of voluntary effort and FES are applied to produce reach while measuring the level of hand opening that FES can produce at the hand. Initial results indicate that low levels of voluntary effort allow both greater reach and the largest hand opening response to FES.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. nhm6@cwru.edu
authors.forename: Nathaniel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Makowski
authors.forename: Jayme S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crago
mesh_terms: D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*