title: Durable strategies to deploy plant resistance in agricultural landscapes.
abstract: The deployment of resistant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking pathogens that suppress the yield benefit provided by the resistance. Here, we theoretically explored how farmers' main leverages (resistant cultivar choice, resistance deployment strategy, landscape planning and cultural practices) can be best combined to achieve resistance durability while minimizing yield losses as a result of plant viruses. Assuming a gene-for-gene type of interaction, virus epidemics are modelled in a landscape composed of a mosaic of resistant and susceptible fields, subjected to seasonality, and a reservoir hosting viruses year-round. The model links the genetic and the epidemiological processes, shaping at nested scales the demogenetic dynamics of viruses. The choice of the resistance gene (characterized by the equilibrium frequency of the resistance-breaking virus at mutation-selection balance in a susceptible plant) is the most influential leverage of action. Our results showed that optimal strategies of resistance deployment range from 'mixture' (where susceptible and resistant cultivars coexist) to 'pure' strategies (with only resistant cultivar) depending on the resistance characteristics and the epidemiological context (epidemic incidence and landscape connectivity). We demonstrate and discuss gaps concerning virus epidemiology across the agro-ecological interface that must be filled to achieve sustainable disease management.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 407 Unité De Pathologie Végétale, F-84140 Montfavet, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabre
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 407 Unité De Pathologie Végétale, F-84140 Montfavet, France.|INRA, UR 880 URIH, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 880 URIH, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.|INRIA, Biocore Team, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mailleret
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 407 Unité De Pathologie Végétale, F-84140 Montfavet, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moury
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000821:virology*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019562:Viral Load