title: Association of differentiation state of CD4+ T cells and disease progression in HIV-1 perinatally infected children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the USA, most HIV-1 infected children are on antiretroviral drug regimens, with many individuals surviving through adolescence and into adulthood. The course of HIV-1 infection in these children is variable, and understudied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined whether qualitative differences in immune cell subsets could explain a slower disease course in long term survivors with no evidence of immune suppression (LTS-NS; CD4%≥25%) compared to those with severe immune suppression (LTS-SS; CD4%≤15%). Subjects in the LTS-NS group had significantly higher frequencies of naïve (CCR7+CD45RA+) and central memory (CCR7+CD45RA-) CD4+ T cells compared to LTS-SS subjects (p = 0.0005 and <0.0001, respectively). Subjects in the rapid progressing group had significantly higher levels of CD4+ T(EMRA) (CCR7-CD45RA+) cells compared to slow progressing subjects (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid disease progression in vertical infection is associated with significantly higher levels of CD4+ T(EMRA) (CCR7-CD45RA+) cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Christian B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Willberg
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kuebler
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abadi
authors.forename: Glenn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fennelly
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dobroszycki
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wiznia
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Nixon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male