title: A review of surgical techniques for impending distal erosion and intraoperative penile implant complications: part 2 of a three-part review series on penile prosthetic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than half of intraoperative complications occur during dilatation of the corpora cavernosa, a critical step in the placement of any type of penile prosthesis, which can be especially difficult in a patient with corporal fibrosis. A late manifestation of cylinder placement can be impending erosion with lateral extrusion or medial deviation (into the urethra) of the distal tips. There are many different approaches to try and fix these surgical issues.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The review article evaluates the many different surgical techniques prosthetic surgeons use in the management of intraoperative complications and lateral extrusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature was preformed with published results being evaluated to try to help guide the management of intraoperative complications and impending distal erosion. There is a special focus on dilation of the corpora cavernosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The article reviews and evaluates the outcomes of the landmark papers in the management of intraoperative complications and impending distal erosion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative complications of penile implant placement can be distressing for the prosthetic surgeon, but with proper recognition, most of these complications can be navigated with excellent postoperative results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review article summarizes many of the techniques, outcomes, and new developments in the complicated field of penile prosthetic surgery to help guide the implanting surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA, USA. GDHenry@Hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gerard D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laborde
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D019935:Penile Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015917:Penile Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D011475:Prosthesis Failure