title: Antioxidant effects of propofol on tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This experimental study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of propofol anesthesia at induction doses in a rat skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into three groups to receive one of the following interventions: sham operation (n = 6), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (n = 10), or propofol administration in addition to I/R injury (n = 10). I/R injury was attained by 2-h clamping of femoral artery followed by 3-h perfusion. Then blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analysis and histopathologic examination. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities and nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both plasma and muscle tissue. In addition, catalase (CAT) activity and protein carbonyl (PC) content were measured in muscle tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I/R group had significantly higher SOD activity (9.05 versus 5.63 and 6.18 U/mL, P < 0.05) and NO level (46.77 versus 30.62 and 33.90 μmol/L, P < 0.05) compared with sham-operated group and I/R plus propofol group. In addition, GSH-Px activity of the I/R group was significantly higher than sham-operated group (1.26 versus 1.05 U/mL, P < 0.05). I/R group had significantly higher tissue activities of CAT (0.11 versus 0.06 and 0.04 k/g protein, P < 0.05) and SOD (0.12 versus 0.08 and 0.07 U/mg protein, P < 0.05) compared with the sham and I/R plus propofol group. Histopathologic examination showed that I/R plus propofol group had significantly lower degeneration (P = 0.021) and inflammation (P = 0.028) scores compared with I/R group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol anesthesia seems to enhance the antioxidant capacity against tourniquet induced ischemia-reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey. dr.fat.oz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Yeşim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Senayli
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozyurt
authors.forename: Unal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Erkorkmaz
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bostan
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000975:Antioxidants; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015742:Propofol; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; C000722069:Gpx1 protein, rat