title: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among HIV-1-infected patients in a tropical setting.
abstract: Vitamin D plays role in bone health and the regulation of the immune system. A cross-sectional study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels was conducted among HIV-1-infected Thai patients to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low vitamin D levels (25[OH]D <30 ng/mL) in tropical setting. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Of 178 patients, 58% received antiretroviral therapy at median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of 7.4 (5.9-8.5) years. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (20-29.9 ng/mL) was 26.8% and 44.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that receiving efavirenz (EFV) was significantly associated with low vitamin D status (odds ratio = 3.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-12.15, P <.05). The mean (±standard deviation) level of 25(OH)D in patients receiving and not receiving EFV was 22.9 (6.6) and 28.6 (10.7) ng/mL, respectively, (P <.05). Low vitamin D status is common and needs to be assessed among HIV-infected patients including tropical residents especially when EFV is used.
authors.affiliation: 1Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiboonchutikul
authors.forename: Somnuek
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sungkanuparph
authors.forename: Sasisopin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiertiburanakul
authors.forename: La-or
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Chailurkit
authors.forename: Angkana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charoenyingwattana
authors.forename: Wittaya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wangsomboonsiri
authors.forename: Wasun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chantratita
authors.forename: Boonsong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ongphiphadhanakul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; C098320:efavirenz