title: In-vitro evaluation of anti-trichomonal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaf.
abstract: Eugenia uniflora, used ethnomedically in some tropical countries as an anti-infective, has shown anti-malarial and anti-trypanocidal activities. Therefore using bioactivity guided fractionation, anti-trichomonal activity of E. uniflora leaf was investigated. Anti-trichomonal activities of leaf methanol extract and its fractions against Trichomonas gallinae as well as their cytotoxicities using an in vitro haemaglutination assay were determined. Anti-trichomonacidal activities of the extract improved on purification up to a stage. Subfractions E(2-5) had LC(50) and LC(90) values of 4.77 - 5.28, 18.49 - 25.00 and 4.53 - 5.18, 18.32 - 19.07 µg/ml at 24 and 48 hrs, respectively that were better than those of metronidazole. Further purification of E(2-5) led to loss of activity suggesting that the active components were probably working synergistically and additively. Demonstration of low haemaglutination titre values of 0.00 - 5.33 by methanolic extract and its partition fractions suggested their low toxicity profile. The established safety of the leaf indicated that its anti-trichomonal activity was not due to non-specific cytotoxicity, hence could be used in ethnomedicine as an anti-trichomonal agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Gabriel Femi
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ibikunle
authors.forename: Adeleke Clement
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Adebajo
authors.forename: Funmilayo Gladys
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Famuyiwa
authors.forename: Adetunji Joseph
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aladesanmi
authors.forename: Clement Oladapo
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Adewunmi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D027842:Syzygium; D014244:Trichomonas / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts