title: Hearing sensation levels of emitted biosonar clicks in an echolocating Atlantic bottlenose dolphin.
abstract: Emitted biosonar clicks and auditory evoked potential (AEP) responses triggered by the clicks were synchronously recorded during echolocation in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) trained to wear suction-cup EEG electrodes and to detect targets by echolocation. Three targets with target strengths of -34, -28, and -22 dB were used at distances of 2 to 6.5 m for each target. The AEP responses were sorted according to the corresponding emitted click source levels in 5-dB bins and averaged within each bin to extract biosonar click-related AEPs from noise. The AEP amplitudes were measured peak-to-peak and plotted as a function of click source levels for each target type, distance, and target-present or target-absent condition. Hearing sensation levels of the biosonar clicks were evaluated by comparing the functions of the biosonar click-related AEP amplitude-versus-click source level to a function of external (in free field) click-related AEP amplitude-versus-click sound pressure level. The results indicated that the dolphin's hearing sensation levels to her own biosonar clicks were equal to that of external clicks with sound pressure levels 16 to 36 dB lower than the biosonar click source levels, varying with target type, distance, and condition. These data may be assumed to indicate that the bottlenose dolphin possesses effective protection mechanisms to isolate the self-produced intense biosonar beam from the animal's ears during echolocation.
authors.affiliation: Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kailua, Hawaii, United States of America. songhai@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Songhai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Nachtigall
authors.forename: Marlee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breese
authors.forename: Alexander Ya
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Supin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound