title: Creation of a questionnaire to measure stress among nurses engaged in palliative care on general wards.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to create a questionnaire that measures stress among nurses engaged in palliative care on general wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses with at least 3 years of experience involved in palliative care on a general ward in six facilities in Japan were the subjects from September 7 to October 4, 2004. A draft questionnaire on stress factors and conditions of stress in nurses engaged in end-of-life care was created, and question items and content meaning were revised to produce 32 question items, with a four-point Likert scale for the responses. Two pretests were conducted. Internal validity was investigated and resulted in 31 question items. Factor analysis using the principal factor method (Varimax rotation) was performed, and Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency and check reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey response rate was 94%, with a valid response rate of 98%. Analysis was conducted using responses from 269 participants, of whom 98.9% were female, with a mean age of 35.4 years. The mean length of experience as a nurse was 13.6 years, and the mean length of experience in cancer nursing was 8 years. Results of factor analysis produced eigenvalues of 5.260-1.558 and a cumulative proportion of 58.032%. After two items were deleted, six stress-related factors were identified; their alpha coefficients were 0.753 to 0.912, ensuring high reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaire developed had high internal validity and high reliability, and it can thus serve as a first stage in elucidating stress among nurses engaged in palliative care on general wards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Section Division of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Ahanekawa@aol.com
authors.forename: Ako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terakado
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires