title: A review of the diagnosis and treatment of Ochratoxin A inhalational exposure associated with human illness and kidney disease including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure via ingestion and inhalation has been described in the literature to cause kidney disease in both animals and humans. This paper reviews Ochratoxin A and its relationship to human health and kidney disease with a focus on a possible association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in humans. Prevention and treatment strategies for OTA-induced illness are also discussed, including cholestyramine, a bile-acid-binding resin used as a sequestrant to reduce the enterohepatic recirculation of OTA.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Medicine, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA. janettehopemd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Janette H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.forename: Bradley E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hope
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000837:Anion Exchange Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002792:Cholestyramine Resin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D002273:Carcinogens; D009793:Ochratoxins; D002792:Cholestyramine Resin; C025589:ochratoxin A