title: Emerging endoscopic and photodynamic techniques for bladder cancer detection and surveillance.
abstract: This review provides an overview of emerging techniques, namely, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), narrow band imaging (NBI), Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, virtual cystoscopy, and endoscopic microscopy for its use in the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. The technology, clinical evidence and future applications of these approaches are discussed with particular emphasis on PDD and NBI. These approaches show promise to optimise cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumours.
authors.affiliation: School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK. p.patel@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: D Michael A
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents