title: Surface labeling of enveloped viruses assisted by host cells.
abstract: Labeling of virus opens new pathways for the understanding of viruses themselves and facilitates the utilization of viruses in modern biology, medicine, and materials. Based on the characteristic that viruses hijack their host cellular machineries to survive and reproduce themselves, a host-cell-assisted strategy is proposed to label enveloped viruses. By simply feeding Vero cells with commercial 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(cap biotinyl) (sodium salt) (Biotin-Cap-PE), we obtained biotinylated Vero cells whose membrane systems were modified with biotin. Subsequently, pseudorabies viruses (PrV) were cultivated in the biotinylated Vero cells, and the PrV progenies were spontaneously labeled with Biotin-Cap-PE during viral natural assembly process. Since the viral natural assembly process was employed for the labeling, potential threats of genetic engineering and difficulties in keeping viral natural bioactivity were avoided. Importantly, this labeling strategy for enveloped virus greatly reduces the technical complexity and allows researchers from different backgrounds to apply it for their specified demands.
authors.forename: Bi-Hai
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhi-Ling
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhuan
authors.forename: An-An
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhi-Quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hanzhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dai-Wen
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019921:Biotinylation / Q000379:methods*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D014709:Vero Cells; D019065:Virus Assembly
chemical_list: D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; C020888:1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine