title: Dysregulated gene expression of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in saphenous vein conduits of hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of cardiovascular disease was approximately 10 times higher in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease than in the general population. The saphenous vein is the most commonly used conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecule characteristics of saphenous vein in hemodialysis patients remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to survey the extracellular matrix gene expression profile of the saphenous vein in hemodialysis patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled. Of the 34 patients, 15 with end-stage renal disease required maintenance hemodialysis. The control group consisted of the other 19 patients without preoperative renal disease. Samples of the saphenous vein were obtained at coronary artery bypass grafting. The expression profile of the extracellular matrix genes was analyzed by microarray. The tissue matrix metallopeptidase/tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase protein activities in the saphenous vein were evaluated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen extracellular matrix and adhesion molecule-focused genes demonstrated at least a threefold difference in expression between the 2 groups. Upregulation was observed in 16 genes, and 3 genes appeared to be downregulated. Notable imbalanced matrix metallopeptidase/tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase protein activities of saphenous vein exposed to end-stage renal disease conditions was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from present study suggest that the native extracellular matrix gene expression profile of the saphenous vein conduits in hemodialysis patients show signs of the vein graft disease process before coronary surgery. Furthermore, some preoperative profiles of hemodialysis patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting might provide some useful clues regarding vein graft quality and prompt adjustment in surgical strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhenya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000637:transplantation*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; C088390:TIMP3 protein, human; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9