title: The influence of temperature and age on the T1 relaxation time of the equine distal limb.
abstract: The extent of fat suppression using short tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging is variable between horses. Our aim was to determine if patient's age and/or hoof temperature have an influence on the T(1)  relaxation time of bone marrow in the equine distal limb, thereby affecting the suppression of fat signal. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on standing horses and cadaver samples using a low-field magnet (0.27 T). The hoof temperature was measured at the lateral side of the coronary band. A modified inversion recovery fast spin-echo (IR-FSE) sequence was used to measure the signal intensity for a range of inversion times (TIs) at six different regions of interest (ROI): (1) distal aspect of the proximal phalanx, (2) proximal aspect of the middle phalanx, (3) distal aspect of the middle phalanx, (4) navicular bone, (5) proximal aspect of the distal phalanx, and (6) distal aspect of the distal phalanx. The T(1)  of the bone marrow in the equine distal limb was calculated from the results and was found to increase by 3.13 ± 0.08 (SE) ms/°C. There was no significant effect of age (2-16 years) but the T(1)  values measured from the limbs of young (< 1 year) animals were considerably longer (32.6 ± 1.7 (SE) ms). Similar effects of temperature and age were found for all measured ROIs but there were significant differences in the mean values of T(1) , ranging from +7.7 (distal aspect of the distal phalanx) to -13.2 ms (distal aspect of the proximal phalanx).
authors.affiliation: Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, USA. anna.m.adrian@gmail.com
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koene
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bolas
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinns
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gerlach
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D005552:Forelimb; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D013696:Temperature