title: Efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism: an evidence-based review.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Science Citation Index), websites (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) and the literature database of SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe) were searched from January 1990 to April 2011 for randomised controlled trials or nonrandomised studies assessing the efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism. There was no language restriction. Through a predefined search strategy, we retrieved 28 studies from PubMed, 94 from Embase, 60 from the Science Citation Index, two ongoing clinical trials and two from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Of these, only four studies met our inclusion criteria and were finally included. Of the four included studies, two were randomised controlled trials and two were controlled before-and-after studies. These studies showed that botulinum toxin injections can reduce the frequency of bruxism events, decrease bruxism-induced pain levels and satisfy patients' self-assessment with regard to the effectiveness of botulinum toxins on bruxism. In comparison with oral splint, botulinum toxins are equally effective on bruxism. Furthermore, botulinum toxin injections at a dosage of <100 U are safe for otherwise healthy patients. Botulinum toxin injections are effective on bruxism and are safe to use. Therefore, they can be used clinically for otherwise healthy patients with bruxism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Zhengyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002012:Bruxism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D017060:Patient Satisfaction
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins