title: Fluorescence guidance in urologic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluorescent tracers can provide anatomical and functional information without altering the visual surgical field. Despite the advances that are being made in tracer development, only a few fluorescent tracers are available for urological interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protoporphyrin IX, hypericin, fluorescein, and indocyanine green were shown to facilitate surgical resection in various ways. Hybrid imaging agents, combining radio and fluorescent labels, have shown improved integration between preoperative and intraoperative imaging. With the rise of surgical fluorescence guidance, various camera systems have been developed that are tailored for optimal detection of the fluorochromes of interest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this review, the basics of fluorescence-guided surgery, including tracer and hardware requirements are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nynke S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Fijs W B
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Henk G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: van der Poel
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes