title: Therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced during the catabolism of free haem, catalyzed by haem oxygenase (HO) enzymes, and its physiological roles include vasodilation, neurotransmission, inhibition of platelet aggregation and anti-proliferative effects on smooth muscle. In vivo preclinical studies have shown that exogenously administered quantities of CO may represent an effective treatment for conditions characterized by a dysregulated immune response. The carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) represent a group of compounds capable of carrying and liberating controlled quantities of CO in the cellular systems. This review covers the physiological and anti-inflammatory properties of the HO/CO pathway in the central nervous system. It also discusses the effects of CORMs in preclinical models of inflammation. The accumulating data discussed herein support the possibility that CORMs may represent a novel class of drugs with disease-modifying properties in multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fagone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coco
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perciavalle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garotta
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Romao
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000187:drug effects; D001880:Boranes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002254:Carbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000502:physiology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001880:Boranes; D002254:Carbonates; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C503854:sodium boranocarbonate; C476530:tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium(II); C447082:tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer; D006418:Heme; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C105245:heme oxygenase-2; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase