title: Effects of prebiotic, protein level, and stocking density on performance, immunity, and stress indicators of broilers.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of period on the performance, immunity, and some stress indicators of broilers fed 2 levels of protein and stocked at a normal or high stocking density. Experimental treatments consisted of a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of prebiotic (with or without prebiotic), 2 levels of dietary CP [NRC-recommended or low CP level (85% of NRC-recommended level)], and 2 levels of stocking density (10 birds/m(2) as the normal density or 16 birds/m(2) as the high density), for a total of 8 treatments. Each treatment had 5 replicates (cages). Birds were reared in 3-tiered battery cages with wire floors in an open-sided housing system under natural tropical conditions. Housing and general management practices were similar for all treatment groups. Starter and finisher diets in mash form were fed from 1 to 21 d and 22 to 42 d of age, respectively. Supplementation with a prebiotic had no significant effect on performance, immunity, and stress indicators (blood glucose, cholesterol, corticosterone, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio). Protein level significantly influenced broiler performance but did not affect immunity or stress indicators (except for cholesterol level). The normal stocking density resulted in better FCR and also higher antibody titer against Newcastle disease compared with the high stocking density. However, density had no significant effect on blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, corticosterone, and the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. Significant interactions between protein level and stocking density were observed for BW gain and final BW. The results indicated that, under the conditions of this experiment, dietary addition of a prebiotic had no significant effect on the performance, immunity, and stress indicators of broilers.
authors.affiliation: Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houshmand
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zulkifli
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamyab
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology; D009929:Organ Size; D056692:Prebiotics; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D056692:Prebiotics