title: [Rhinoviruses. Frequency in nonhospitalized children with acute respiratory infection].
abstract: Molecular methods for human rhinoviruses (HRV) have increased the sensitivity in their diagnosis. HRV may cause acute respiratory infections (ARI) of the upper and lower respiratory tract. HRV infection during childhood is a predictor of asthma development. In this study, the HRV frequency in outpatient children with ARI was determined, and their clinical features and previous conditions were evaluated. A total of 186 respiratory samples of children under 6 year old attending the CEMIC pediatric emergency room from June 1, 2008 to May 31, 2010, were studied. Classical respiratory viruses were detected by immunofluorescence. A real time RT-PCR that amplifies part of the 5' non coding genomic region was used for HRV detection. Viral detection was obtained in 61% of children. The frequency was: 27% for HRV, 16% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 9% for influenza, 8% for parainfluenza, 7% for metapneumovirus and 0.5% for adenovirus. Dual coinfection was detected in 8 children and HRV were the most frequent, detected in 4 of them. HRV circulated during the two year period of the study, with peaks during winter and spring. No clinical difference was observed between patients with or without HRV, except an increase percent of children with HRV without fever. HRV were the most frequent viruses detected in this population, mainly in children under 2 year old, the second cause of bronchiolitis after RSV and more frequently detected in children exposed to passive smoking (OR = 2.91; p = 0.012), and were detected as the sole etiologic agent in 28% of bronchiolitis.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Virología y Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. deboramarcone@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Débora N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Marcone
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricarte
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Videla
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekstrom
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carballal
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidaurreta
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echavarría
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017677:Age Distribution; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons; D017678:Sex Distribution