title: Selective spinal anesthesia for outpatient transurethral prostatectomy (TURP): randomized controlled comparison of chloroprocaine with lidocaine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a study comparing two short-acting local anesthetics lidocaine and 2-chloroprocaine in combination with fentanyl, to provide selective spinal anesthesia for outpatient transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized double-blind study, selective spinal anesthesia was performed in 40 American Society of Anesthesiologists I-III outpatients undergoing TURP using either 40 mg of chloroprocaine mixed with 12.5 μg of fentanyl (n = 20) or 35 mg of lidocaine mixed with 12.5 μg of fentanyl (n = 20). The primary outcome was duration of spinal block. Secondary outcomes were time to reach T10 (onset), time to maximal level, duration above T10 and lidocaine 3, maximal level of block, and adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (minimum, maximum) onset time was 4 (1, 16) and 3 (2, 10) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. Time to maximal level was 20 (17, 29) and 22 (16, 26) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. Mean maximal level was T7-T8 for both agents. Duration of block above T10 was 54 (28, 88) and 63 (31, 87) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. Duration of block above lidocaine 3 was 93 (56, 218) and 98 (58, 151) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with respect to these clinical end points. Four patients in the lidocaine group developed transient neurological symptoms. One patient in the chloroprocaine group developed a cauda equina-like syndrome but recovered fully after several weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective spinal anesthesia with chloroprocaine and lidocaine for TURP yielded comparable results for clinical characteristics. Further research on transient neurological symptom and cauda equina risk with chloroprocaine is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada. pamela.lennox@vch.ca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaghadia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neilson
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lennox
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000150:complications; D011343:Procaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018401:Sample Size; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011343:Procaine; C004616:chloroprocaine; D008012:Lidocaine; D005283:Fentanyl