title: Psychosocial risk factors for work-related stress in Her Majesty's Coastguard.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the extent to which work-related stress in Her Majesty's Coastguard (HMCG) could be accounted for by the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and Job Demand-Control- -Support (JDCS) stress models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included a total of 282 coastguards. Data on risk factors were collected via questionnaire, within the wider context of the UK HSE Management Standards framework for stress reduction. Analyses included an examination of each model and its association with stress and mental health outcomes, as well as their impact in combination with the range of other risk factors measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant predictors of stress included ERI, organisation change, and exposure to physical agents (noise). Anxiety was predicted by ERI, noise, and bullying, and depression by ERI, bullying, noise, training, and role conflict/ambiguity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For this occupational group, the main source of high stress, anxiety, and depression was ERI. These results raise implications for the use and interpretation of data when using these models, as well as for HSE Management Standards, which are biased towards JDCS. Results from this and other studies also suggest further research is required into the benefits of a more flexible model or framework, which can examine both established and new combinations of risk factors.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kingdom
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012767:Ships; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D057236:Travel Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology