title: Development of a wireless electromyographically controlled electrolarynx voice prosthesis.
abstract: The most common artificial voice source for post-laryngectomy speech rehabilitation is the handheld buzzer or electrolarynx (EL). EL speech is often described as mechanical-sounding (robotic), and typically lacks pitch variation, making it monotone and unnatural. Prior studies have shown improved perceptual ratings of speech naturalness when pitch variation is added to EL speech, and a proof-of-concept EL prosthesis has been developed to provide pitch variation and voice on/off control in relation to neck muscle electromyographic (EMG) signals. The goal of the present study was to design a new wireless version of the EMG-controlled EL (EMG-EL) that could provide a flexible mixture of manual (push button) and automatic (EMG-based) control options for voice onset/offset and pitch, and that could be manufactured at a reasonable cost for widespread patient use. This paper describes both technical and human factors considered while designing the new EMG-EL voice prosthesis.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Department ofSurgery and Harvard Medical School, One Bowdoin Square Floor 11, Boston, MA 02114, USA. james.heaton@mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Cliff
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D001044:Aphonia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007831:Larynx, Artificial; D008904:Miniaturization; D013071:Speech, Alaryngeal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*