title: Tetradecylthioacetic acid modulates cardiac transcription in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., suffering heart and skeletal muscle inflammation.
abstract: Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is a disease causing considerable mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon. We have previously reported that pre-feeding of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) reduces the mortality during a natural outbreak of HSMI. In the present paper we show that in the cardiac ventricle, during HSMI infection, pre-feeding TTA increases the expression of the immune genes: TNFα, VCAM-1, IgM and CD8α. We also show that TTA increases the cardiosomatic index potentially by elevating cardiomyogenesis through activation of the cardiac transcription factors MEF2C and Nkx2.5. Using the recently published genomic sequence of a HSMI associated piscine reovirus (PRV), we could show that the PRV levels have no confounding effects on the mRNA expression of the investigated genes. The results suggest that TTA induced cardiac growth, together with an elevated cardiac recruitment of immune cells, which might lead to increased robustness during HSMI infection.
authors.affiliation: Nofima, Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grammes
authors.forename: K-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rørvik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D020317:Salmo salar; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D013440:Sulfides; C062078:1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane