title: Primary frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma in three dogs treated with piroxicam combined with carboplatin or toceranib.
abstract: In human medicine, primary frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma (pFS-SCC) is not frequently reported. In veterinary medicine, frontal sinus SCC is exclusively described as an extension of nasal cavity SCC. To our knowledge, this is the first publication concerning canine pFS-SCC, diagnosed using histology or cytology and medical imaging, in three dogs. The tumours extended into the orbit or brain cavity, without nasal involvement. Treatment was initiated with piroxicam-carboplatin. Prolongation of carboplatin delivery with a low dose intensity was performed on dogs with a favourable initial response. Dog 1 achieved a complete remission (CR), but was euthanized 344 days after start of therapy. Dog 2, still alive 3 years after start of therapy and in CR, received 14 carboplatin deliveries. In dog 3, after changing the treatment protocol into piroxicam-toceranib, a significant tumour reduction occurred, but the dog was euthanized after 195 days because of a relapse.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre De Ottenhorst, Terneuzen, The Netherlands. jpdevos@zeelandnet.nl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramos Vega
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noorman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Vos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005626:Frontal Sinus; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D011758:Pyrroles; D010894:Piroxicam; C464577:toceranib phosphate; D016190:Carboplatin; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases