title: Acute respiratory failure during pediatric anesthesia: atelectasis and hypertensive pneumothorax: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main anesthesiologist's task is to ensure appropriate oxygenation of patient. The objective of this report is to describe both diagnosis and behavior in case of acute respiratory failure during anesthesia, with educational purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-year-old child underwent anesthesia for urologic surgery presented respiratory failure by bronchial obstruction by secretion, evolving to atelectasis and hypertensive pneumothorax. We present the evolution of the case and applied treatment means, emphasizing the urgency and drainage technique in hypertensive pneumothorax.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anesthesiologist's attention to early diagnosis of respiratory complications and knowledge of priority measures in each moment may prevent serious adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, Brazil. joelrezende@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Joel Massari
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: Bruno Ricciardi
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Silveira
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology*; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000209:etiology*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*