title: Detection of nickel in fish organs with a two-photon fluorescent probe.
abstract: Molecular imaging by two-photon microscopy (TPM) has become indispensable to the study of biology/medicine owing to its capability of imaging deep inside intact tissues. To make TPM a more-versatile tool, a large variety of two-photon probes are needed. Herein, we report a new two-photon fluorescent probe (ANi2) that can be excited by 750 nm femtosecond pulses and detect Ni(2+)  ions in fresh fish organs at 90-175 μm depth without interference from the pH value or from other biologically relevant species through the use of TPM. TPM images of fish organs labeled with ANi2 revealed that Ni(2+)  ions accumulate in fish organs in the order: kidney > heart > gill ≥ liver. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between the two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry intensities (ICP-MS), thereby allowing the quantitative measurement of Ni(2+)  ions in live tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Chang Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hyun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Won
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hwan Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ohyun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Bong Rae
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005618:Fresh Water; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis*; D017785:Photons
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009532:Nickel