title: Islet autoantibodies and residual beta cell function in type 1 diabetes children followed for 3-6 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test if islet autoantibodies at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and after 3-6 years with T1D predict residual beta-cell function (RBF) after 3-6 years with T1D.
  
  
  METHODS
  T1D children (n=260, median age at diagnosis 9.4, range 0.9-14.7 years) were tested for GAD65, IA-2, ZnT8R, ZnT8W and ZnT8Q autoantibodies (A) at diagnosis, and 3-6 years after diagnosis when also fasting and stimulated RBF were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For every 1-year increase in age at diagnosis of TID, the odds of detectable C-peptide increased 1.21 (1.09, 1.34) times for fasting C-peptide and 1.28 (1.15, 1.42) times for stimulated C-peptide. Based on a linear model for subjects with no change in IA-2A levels, the odds of detectable C-peptide were 35% higher than for subjects whose IA-2A levels decreased by half (OR=1.35 (1.09, 1.67), p=0.006); similarly for ZnT8WA (OR=1.39 (1.09, 1.77), p=0.008) and ZnT8QA (OR=1.55 (1.06, 2.26) p=0.024). Such relationship was not detected for GADA or ZnT8RA. All OR adjusted for confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age at diagnosis with T1D was the major predictor of detectable C-peptide 3-6 years post-diagnosis. Decreases in IA-2A, and possibly ZnT8A, levels between diagnosis and post-diagnosis were associated with a reduction in RBF post-diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaziri-Sani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maziarz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ellerman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Breslow
authors.forename: Å
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Lernmark
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pociot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brorsson
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Birkebaek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C096322:ICA512 autoantibody; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2