title: Hematological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy on cytopenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to investigate the hematological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the risk factors for cytopenia, and the effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on cytopenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of patients treated for HIV at the Seoul National University Hospital from January 2005 to March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. To determine the impact of HIV itself, we excluded HIV patients who had other conditions that could have resulted in hematological manifestations. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for cytopenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 621 cases were investigated, and after exclusion, data of 472 patients were analyzed. The frequency of cytopenia was anemia, 3.0% (14/472); neutropenia, 10.0% (47/472); thrombocytopenia, 2.4% (12/472); lymphopenia, 25.7% (121/470); isolated cytopenia, 11.2% (53/472); and bicytopenia, 2.1% (10/472). The leading risk factor for cytopenia identified by multivariate logistic regression methods was AIDS status at initial presentation. After HAART, cytopenia was reversed in the majority of patients (thrombocytopenia, 100%; neutropenia, 91.1%; and anemia, 84.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study isolated the impact of HIV infection alone on hematologic manifestations and confirmed that these changes were reversible by HAART. Control of the HIV infection will have the main role in the management of hematological manifestations of the virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nam Joong
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youn-Ak
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Pyoeng Gyun
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Wan Beom
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Seonyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byoung Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myoung-Don
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Oh