title: Auditory evoked potential index does not correlate with observer assessment of alertness and sedation score during 0.5% bupivacaine spinal anesthesia with nitrous oxide sedation alone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the auditory evoked potential (AEP) index as a hypnosis monitor during nitrous oxide (N(2)O) sedation added to spinal analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients scheduled to undergo surgery under spinal anesthesia were recruited after giving informed consent. Adequate anesthesia levels were confirmed, and a disposable AEP index sensor (aepEX, Medical Device Management) was placed. A tight facemask was fitted, and a fresh gas flow of 100% oxygen 10 L/min was provided. AEP index monitoring was then initiated, and measurements and observer assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) scores were recorded manually. N(2)O was administered in stepwise increases in the end-tidal concentration of 33%, 50%, and 67%. Paired AEP index and OAA/S scores were obtained immediately before each change in N(2)O concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients were excluded from final analysis because of nausea, vomiting, or abnormal excitatory behaviors. The increases in N(2)O concentration induced significant decreases in OAA/S scores and no substantial AEP index changes. Although OAA/S scores of 1 and 2 were observed in only two and five patients, respectively, a reduction in the OAA/S score from 5 to 1 was associated with a significant decrease in AEP index to the level indicative of moderate sedation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AEP index might not be a suitable indicator of light hypnosis as defined by an OAA/S score of ≥3 during sedation with N(2)O alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. htwfx872@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaka
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D002045:Bupivacaine