title: Persistent cortical plasticity by upregulation of chondroitin 6-sulfation.
abstract: Cortical plasticity is most evident during a critical period in early life, but the mechanisms that restrict plasticity after the critical period are poorly understood. We found that a developmental increase in the 4-sulfation/6-sulfation (4S/6S) ratio of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which are components of the brain extracellular matrix, leads to the termination of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the mouse visual cortex. Condensation of CSPGs into perineuronal nets that enwrapped synaptic contacts on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons was prevented by cell-autonomous overexpression of chondroitin 6-sulfation, which maintains a low 4S/6S ratio. Furthermore, the increase in the 4S/6S ratio was required for the accumulation of Otx2, a homeoprotein that activates the development of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, and for functional maturation of the electrophysiological properties of these cells. Our results indicate that the critical period for cortical plasticity is regulated by the 4S/6S ratio of CSPGs, which determines the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Choji
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000367:Age Factors; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000378:metabolism; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000378:metabolism; D000097811:Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D000662:Amphetamines; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors; D010320:Parvalbumins; D037121:Plant Lectins; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine; D015238:Sulfotransferases; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; D000097811:Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases; C408562:N-methyl-N-propyl amphetamine; C497660:Otx2 protein, mouse; C040129:wisteria lectin; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria