title: Online oxygen measurements in ex vivo perfused muscle tissue in a porcine model using dynamic quenching methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplantation of autologous free tissue flaps is the best applicable technique for treating large and complex tissue defects and still has one major failure criterion. Tissue--and in particular muscle tissue--is strongly sensitive to ischemia, thus after a critical period of oxygen depletion the risk of a partial or total flap loss is high.
  
  
  METHODS
  For that reason a miniaturized ex vivo perfusion system has been developed, that supplies the tissue during operational delays. The purpose of this study was to determine the oxygenation levels during such a perfusion using different perfusates and therefore to objectify if a complementary oxygenation unit is required to improve perfusion quality. The oxygen levels of the tissue, as well of the perfusate, were measured by using minimal invasive optical oxygen sensors that are based on dynamic quenching. The ex vivo perfused tissue was the porcine rectus abdominis muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show, that during perfusion with heparinized crystalloid fluid (Jonosteril) and heparinized autologous whole blood, additional oxygenation of the perfusion reactor led to different ex vivo oxygen tissue saturations, which can be detected by dynamic quenching.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic quenching methods are a promising and valuable technique to perform online oxygen measurements in ex vivo perfused muscle tissue in a porcine model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. adrian.dragu@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dragu
authors.forename: Christian D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Taeger
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sommerfeld
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Birkholz
authors.forename: Judith Amélie
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kleinmann
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.forename: Raymund E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Horch
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Präbst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D017568:Rectus Abdominis; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010100:Oxygen