title: In vitro antifungal activities of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed extract.
abstract: Longan, Dimocarpus longan Lour., contains polyphenolic compounds which exhibit several pharmacological properties. This study aims to evaluate antifungal activities of longan fruit extract in comparison to its active compounds. The results showed that longan seed exhibited antifungal activity against the opportunistic yeasts (Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans). In contrast, longan pulp and whole fruit did not demonstrate any inhibitory effects. Ellagic acid showed the most potent antifungal activity followed by corilagin and gallic acid, respectively. Ellagic acid inhibited Candida parapsilosis and C. neoformans more effectively than Candida krusei and also some Candida albicans clinical strains. Baidam cultivar possessed higher antifungal activity (MIC=500-4000 μg/ml) as it contained higher contents of ellagic acid and gallic acid than Edor (MIC=1000-8000 μg/ml). For antibacterial activity, only corilagin and gallic acid possessed weak to moderate inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, respectively. Longan seed was then applied in the oral care products. Longan effervescent granule (5% extract) significantly reduced adhesion of C. albicans to acrylic strips. Mouthwash containing 0.5% extract exhibited good antifungal activity compared to a commercial product. These findings indicated that longan seed extract and its polyphenolic compounds can be used as an antifungal agent in oral care products for the treatment of opportunistic yeast infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute-CRI, Kamphaengphet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nuchanart
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rangkadilok
authors.forename: Songsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tongchusak
authors.forename: Rachasak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boonhok
authors.forename: Sansanee C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chaiyaroj
authors.forename: Varaporn B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Junyaprasert
authors.forename: Waranun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buajeeb
authors.forename: Jaratluck
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akanimanee
authors.forename: Thida
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raksasuk
authors.forename: Theeralaksna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suddhasthira
authors.forename: Jutamaad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satayavivad
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D004610:Ellagic Acid; C049096:corilagin; D005707:Gallic Acid