title: Prevalence of symptoms of depression among patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression is the most common psychiatric illness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Depression has been shown to affect mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of depressive symptoms among CKD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of patients with CKD (Stages 3-5) attending the renal clinic of a tertiary hospital was conducted. Demographic and clinical data were documented. A self-administered Zung depression questionnaire was administered. The Zung depression questionnaire has 20 weighted questions. Individuals with a total score of 50 are considered to be depressed, while a score of 70 and above is indicative of severe depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighteen patients and fifty controls were interviewed. There were 73 (61.9%) males and 45 (38.1%) female patients. The mean age did not differ: males 43.8 ± 15.4 years, females 43.2 ± 14.7 yrs, P = 0.83. The prevalence of depression among the CKD patients was 23.7%, while for the control group was 2%; χ2 = 10.14, P < 0.001. Further analysis showed that CKD patients on dialysis were more likely to be depressed than the pre-dialysis patients with frequency of depressive symptoms of 34.5% for dialysis patients versus 13.3% in pre-dialysis patients; χ2 = 6.17, P = 0.01. No difference was observed in the mean Zung score among males, and female patients mean Zung score was 40.1 in females and 40.7 in male patients; P > 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is highly prevalent among our patients with CKD and treatment modality was the major predictor of depression among our patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos. toyinamira@yahoo.com
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult