title: Cardiovascular findings in duplication 17p11.2 syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular abnormalities are newly recognized features of duplication 17p11.2 syndrome. In a single-center study, we evaluated subjects with duplication 17p11.2 syndrome for cardiovascular abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five subjects with 17p11.2 duplication identified by chromosome analysis and/or array-based comparative genomic hybridization were enrolled in a multidisciplinary protocol. In our clinical evaluation of these subjects, we performed physical examinations, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Three of these subjects were followed up longitudinally at our institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiovascular anomalies, including structural and conduction abnormalities, were identified in 10 of 25 (40%) of subjects with duplication 17p11.2 syndrome. The most frequent abnormality was dilated aortic root (20% of total cohort). Bicommissural aortic valve (2/25), atrial (3/25) and ventricular (2/25) septal defects, and patent foramen ovale (4/25) were also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duplication 17p11.2 syndrome is associated with structural heart disease, aortopathy, and electrocardiographic abnormalities. Individuals with duplication 17p11.2 syndrome should be evaluated by electrocardiography and echocardiography at the time of diagnosis and monitored for cardiovascular disease over time. Further clinical investigation including longitudinal analysis would likely determine the age of onset and characterize the progression (if any) of vasculopathy in subjects with duplication 17p11.2 syndrome, so that specific guidelines can be established for cardiovascular management.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jefferies
authors.forename: Ricardo H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
authors.forename: Hugo R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Robbins-Furman
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lupski
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potocki
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D058674:Chromosome Duplication; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D005260:Female; D023061:Gene Order; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058496:Smith-Magenis Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult