title: Phylodynamic and phylogeographic patterns of the HIV type 1 subtype F1 parenteral epidemic in Romania.
abstract: In the late 1980s an HIV-1 epidemic emerged in Romania that was dominated by subtype F1. The main route of infection is believed to be parenteral transmission in children. We sequenced partial pol coding regions of 70 subtype F1 samples from children and adolescents from the PENTA-EPPICC network of which 67 were from Romania. Phylogenetic reconstruction using the sequences and other publically available global subtype F sequences showed that 79% of Romanian F1 sequences formed a statistically robust monophyletic cluster. The monophyletic cluster was epidemiologically linked to parenteral transmission in children. Coalescent-based analysis dated the origins of the parenteral epidemic to 1983 [1981-1987; 95% HPD]. The analysis also shows that the epidemic's effective population size has remained fairly constant since the early 1990s suggesting limited onward spread of the virus within the population. Furthermore, phylogeographic analysis suggests that the root location of the parenteral epidemic was Bucharest.
authors.affiliation: Virus Reference Department, Microbiology Services, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom. tamyo.mbisa@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mbisa
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hué
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Buckton
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duiculescu
authors.forename: Luminita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ene
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oprea
authors.forename: Gratiela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tardei
authors.forename: Sorin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rugina
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardarescu
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Floch
authors.forename: Gundula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Notheis
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zöhrer
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cane
authors.forename: Deenan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002648:Child; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D015995:Prevalence; D012383:Romania / Q000453:epidemiology; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus