title: Aerial perches and free-range laying hens: the effect of access to aerial perches and of individual bird parameters on keel bone injuries in commercial free-range laying hens.
abstract: The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of aerial perches on keel bone injuries and tibia bone characteristics in free-range laying hens. The relationship between keel bone injuries and individual bird parameters, such as weight, girth, wing:girth ratio, feather coverage, and tibia bone characteristics, was also assessed. Five commercial free-range houses, each containing between 7,000 and 8,000 birds, were used. The houses and range areas were divided in half; in half of the house, birds had access to aerial perches (P) and in the other half, they did not (NP). On 13 occasions between 17 and 70 wk of age, 20 birds per treatment were randomly selected from the slatted area and palpated for keel bone injury. At 72 wk of age, 30 birds per treatment in each of 4 houses were selected at random, weighed, and then euthanized. Girth and wing area and feather coverage were measured. The keel and left tibia bones were removed and keel bones were scored for injury. Tibia bones were weighed and diameter, length, breaking strength, and ash content recorded. Results indicated that access to aerial perches did not affect tibia bone measures (P > 0.05). Average palpated keel bone score increased with age of the hens (P < 0.001) but was not significantly affected by perch treatment (P > 0.05). There was a significant interaction between treatment and farm on keel bone injuries measured at dissection (P < 0.05), with the probability of birds having high keel-damage scores increasing in the perched treatment in some farms but not others. In general, as the keel bone injury score measured at dissection increased, the breaking strength (P < 0.001) and ash content (P < 0.05) of the tibia bone decreased. It is suggested that individual variation in bone strength contributes to differences in susceptibility to keel injury. No relationship existed between keel-injury score measured at dissection and individual parameters, such as weight, girth, or wing:girth ratio (P > 0.05), although feather coverage tended to decline with increasing keel damage (P < 0.06).
authors.affiliation: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, UK. cnicholson04@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: M E E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008903:Minerals; D010058:Oviposition; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; C028705:bone ash