title: Integrating or disintegrating effects of customised care: the role of professions beyond NPM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aims to describe the integrating and disintegrating effects of professional actions in customised care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a qualitative case study, the authors examine the work practices and cultures of three Swedish child and adolescent psychiatric care units (CAP) charged with providing customised care in collaboration with other organisations. The authors conducted 62 interviews, made 11 half-day observations, and shadowed employees for two days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The social embeddedness of action is crucial to understanding the professions' integrating/disintegrating activities. In the internal social context of CAP, the professions adapt to productivity-enhancing new public management (NPM) principles, resulting in integrating effects between the different professions and administrative management in the CAP units. However, CAP exercises professional dominance over the cooperating organisations. Thus, in the external social context, CAP's resistance to customised care principles exacerbates the disintegration problems among the different organisations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concludes that, contrary to findings in many other studies, neither the professional logic nor NPM/customised care reforms determine the actions of professionals. In this case, the institutionalisation of some NPM methods blocks the adoption of customised care practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to the widely accepted idea that resource restriction is a main source of conflict between management and the professions, the professions accept and adapt to resource restrictions, even at the expense of de-emphasising the practices of customised care. Thus, since professionals choose different operational strategies depending on the social context, the success of a normative reform measure may depend in part on its social context.
authors.affiliation: Gothenburg Research Institute, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liff
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018166:Health Care Reform; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D013548:Sweden