title: The evidence on the degradation processes in the midgut epithelial cells of the larval antlion Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) (Myrmeleontidae, Neuroptera).
abstract: We analysed structural differences between midgut epithelial cells of fed instar antlions' larvae Euroleon nostras and starved ones. In starved larvae the presence of autophagolysosome-like structures was observed, which are characteristic structures associated with autophagy. The results presented here provide insight supporting the role of autophagy as a cell survival mechanism for the periods of food deprivation. Additional structural changes in the cytoplasm were seen in the spherites. The ultrastructure and chemical composition of spherites in the midgut epithelial cells of first, second and third instar larvae were observed with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A detailed characterization of the elemental composition of the spherites was studied using analytical electron microscopy; a combination of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy filtering TEM (EFTEM) was applied. The structure and elemental composition of the spherites changed during the period of larval life. Moreover, changes in chemical composition were found between spherites from fed and starved E. nostras. In fed first instar larvae, the spherites contained an organic matrix, composed of C, N and O. In this matrix, P, Cl, Ca and Fe were detected. In starved first instar larvae, only C, N and P were present. The spherites of fed second instar larvae were rich in organic and inorganic elements and were composed of C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn. In starved second instar larvae, the chemical elements N, O, P, Ca and Fe were found. In fed third instar larvae, the spherites contained C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co and Zn. In starved third larvae, C, O, Si, Ca, and Fe were detected. Generally, the spherites are exploited in starved larvae. These results suggest that the elemental supply of spherites may provide crucial support for physiological processes during starvation periods amongst E. nostras instar larvae. In some cases in fed second and fed third instar larvae, spherites were seen in the lumen of the midgut. Such spherites could serve as reservoirs for nontoxic waste material that cannot be metabolized.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomškov trg 15, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. sasa.lipovsek@uni-mb.si
authors.forename: Saška
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lipovšek
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Letofsky-Papst
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leitinger
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Devetak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007313:Insecta / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D046590:Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism