title: Four-year outcomes of palatal implants for primary snoring treatment: a prospective longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of palatal implants as the treatment of primary snoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study compared snoring outcomes before and after soft palate implantation for patients diagnosed with primary snoring (no sleep apnea). Snoring severity was obtained by the subjects' sleep partners on a 10-point Likert scale. A paired Student t test compared the mean scale values preoperatively at week 52 and at the current 4-year follow-up. Body mass index for each patient was also compared to evaluate for any significant confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were obtained from 23 patients out of 26 who were followed for the full study term. The follow-up time was on average 4 years following palatal implantation. A statistically (P < .016) and clinically significant improvement in the snoring scale was noted when comparing snoring severity between the preoperative and 4-year period and between the 52-week and 4-year scores. Although statistically significant improvement was found between the preoperative period and 52 weeks, there was a clinical deterioration in snoring scale scores between 52 weeks and 4 years. The mean (standard deviation) preoperative score was 9.5 (0.5), mean week-52 score was 5.0 (1.6), and mean 4-year score was 7.0 (1.8). Body mass index did not change through the observation interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soft palate implantation is a possible surgical technique with which to attempt to achieve subjective improvement of primary snoring severity. Subjective improvement, however, deteriorates significantly over time, and is only minimally sustained at 4 years postoperatively. This study provides new information on long-term palatal implant effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. brian.rotenberg@sjhc.london.on.ca
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Rotenberg
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012890:Sleep; D012913:Snoring / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome