title: Induction of apoptosis by ribosome inactivating proteins: importance of N-glycosidase activity.
abstract: Apoptotic cell death is a fundamental process in the development and physiological homeostasis of multicellular organisms. It is associated with control of cell numbers in tissues and organs during development, with cell turnover, and with response to infection. Molecules that trigger this process in continuously proliferating cancer cells can be used as chemotherapeutic agents. Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) that inhibit translation in a cell by depurinating (N-glycosidase activity) the 28S rRNA are known to serve as apoptosis inducers. However, the role of depurination activity of the RIPs in apoptosis induction is still controversial. Presently, there are three different hypotheses which propose that depurination is: (1) essential, (2) essential but not the sole factor, or (3) not essential for apoptosis induction. This article reviews various experimental outcomes on the importance of N-glycosidase activity of RIPs in the induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Studies, Laboratory of Bioresources & Environmental Biotechnology, University of Delhi, Delhi, -110 007, India.
authors.forename: Mrinal Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Radhey Shyam
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D058767:Protein Unfolding; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000737:chemistry; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins