title: [Present and future state of cancer screening for esophageal cancer and gastric cancer].
abstract: Recently, endoscopic examinations have played a major role in the diagnosis and treatment in the field of gastroenterology. It is considered that endoscopy would be an important examination for cancer screening of the esophagus and the stomach. However, endoscopic services for cancer screening are in short supply. Furthermore, we have to take the complications and poor economic benefits of endoscopy in to consideration when we apply it as a practical cancer screening system. Thus, an effective primary screening system must be provided for the endoscopic screening of cancer of the esophagus and the stomach. People with a defect in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2)should be distinguished by their facial flushing in drinking and for their high risks of esophageal cancer. In cases with gastric cancer screening by endoscopy, an x-ray study is expected to be a primary screening because of its efficacy. It already has been recommended for population-based screening in Japanese guidelines for gastric cancer screening. In cases with opportunistic screening of gastric cancer, patients should be allowed to choose from several studies such as the x-ray study, direct endoscopy, and the so-called high risk screening of gastric cancer for estimating risks and planning of screening for gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Detection of Early Gastric Carcinoma.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: Misao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020701:Esophagoscopes; D020699:Gastroscopes; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*