title: Fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrency of the essential oil from cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum, against three stored–product insects.
abstract: Use of insecticides can have disruptive effects on the environment. Replacing the chemical compounds in these insecticides with plant materials, however, can be a safe method with low environmental risk. In the current study, chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oil from cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum L. (Maton) (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) on the adults of three stored product pests was investigated. Results indicated that essential oil of E. cardamomum toxic to the bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Adults of E. kuehniella were more sensitive than the Coleoptera. Also, the highest mortality of these insects was seen after 12 hours. Results of the LT₅₀ tests showed that the lethal time of mortality occurred between 10-20 hours in various test concentrations. Essential oil of E. cardamomum had a good efficacy on oviposition deterrence of C. maculatus females, too. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major constituents of cardamom were identified as 1,8-cineol, α-terpinyl acetate, terpinene and fenchyl alcohol. These results suggest that essential oil of E. cardamomum is a good choice for control of stored product pests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. habbasipour@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abbasipour
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudvand
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rastegar
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hosseinpour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028523:Elettaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005651:Fumigation; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*; D014231:Tribolium / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile