title: HIV type 1 coreceptor tropism, CCR5 genotype, and integrase inhibitor resistance profiles in Vietnam: implications for the introduction of new antiretroviral regimens.
abstract: In Vietnam, where an estimated 280,000 people will be HIV-positive by 2012, recommended antiretroviral regimens do not include more recently developed therapeutics, such as Integrase inhibitors (INI) and coreceptor antagonists. This study examined HIV-1 coreceptor tropism and INI drug resistance profiles, in parallel with CCR5 genotypes, in a cohort of 60 HIV-positive individuals from different regions of Vietnam. No evidence of INI resistance was detected. Some 40% of individuals had X4-tropic HIV-1, making them unsuitable for treatment with CCR5 antagonists. We identified a novel CCR5 variant-S272P-along with other, previously reported variants: G106R, C178R, W153C, R223Q, and S336I. Interestingly, CCR5 variants known to affect HIV-1 infectivity were observed only in individuals harboring X4-tropic virus. Together, this study presents valuable baseline information on HIV-1 INI resistance, coreceptor tropism, and CCR5 variants in HIV-positive individuals in Vietnam. This should help inform policy on the future use of novel antiretrovirals in Vietnam.
authors.affiliation: Ireland Vietnam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Quynh Phuong
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Trinh Thi Diem
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunford
authors.forename: Suzie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coughlan
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: Hien Tran
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Lan Anh
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nguyen Thi
mesh_terms: D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D018523:Tropism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium