title: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a practical predictor of long-term cardiac death after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated that non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) can predict the risk of cardiovascular events among general population without coronary heart disease (CHD). However, few studies have investigated the predictive value of non-HDL-C for long-term prognosis in patients with CHD. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether non-HDL-C can predict long-term cardiovascular events in patients with CHD who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 1074 consecutive patients who underwent CABG at Juntendo University Hospital between 1984 and 1994, and obtained mortality data through 2000. We divided the patients into 2 groups by the median non-HDL-C level at baseline (180 mg/dL) and used Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test for survival analyses. Cox proportional-hazard regression model was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) of cardiac death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up period was 10.6±3.5 years. The survival rate of cardiac death was significantly lower in the high non-HDL-C group than that in the low non-HDL-C group (log-rank test; p=0.006). Furthermore, in proportional regression analysis adjusted for conventional coronary risk factors, metabolic syndrome, statin treatment, and use of artery bypass graft, the increased levels of non-HDL-C were significant and independent predictor of cardiac death beyond other lipid parameters (RR1.22; by 10 mg/dL non-HDL-C increasing, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.44; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased levels of non-HDL-C were significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiac death. Baseline non-HDL-C levels may be a practical predictor of long-term cardiac death in patients with CHD after CABG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mokuno
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajimoto
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miida
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008074:Lipoproteins