title: Non-traditional markers of metabolic risk in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess classical and non-classical metabolic risk biomarkers in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. To estimate physical activity, participants were observed while engaged in an after-school programme. Additionally, a short test based on a validated questionnaire was used to obtain information about physical activity practice and sedentary habits. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and classical and non-traditional metabolic risk biomarkers--plasma lipid profile, glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), plasma uric acid, transaminases and C-reactive protein (CRP)--were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in local elementary schools in Córdoba, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-one healthy children (eighty-eight boys, fifty-three girls) aged 7-12 years, in Tanner stage I, were recruited. They were divided into two groups after they performed the 20 m shuttle run test: equal or higher cardiovascular fitness (EHCF) group and low cardiovascular fitness (LCF) group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LCF group displayed significantly higher TAG (P = 0.004) and lower HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.001), as well as significantly lower values for the non-traditional lipid marker apo-A1 (P = 0.001) compared with the EHCF group. The LCF children displayed higher plasma glucose (P = 0.003) and insulin levels, higher HOMA-IR scores (P < 0.001) and higher plasma uric acid and CRP levels (P < 0.05). After adjustment for BMI, age and sex, no statistically significant differences were found between groups for the biomarkers analysed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides new information to understand the role not only of weight status but also of the level of CRF on the metabolic health profile of prepubertal children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Jesús
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Llorente-Cantarero
authors.forename: Juan Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez-Navero
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Dios Benitez-Sillero
authors.forename: Maria Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Villanueva
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillén-del Castillo
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gil-Campos
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein