title: Effect of seating forces on cement-ceramic adhesion in microtensile bond tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different seating forces during cementation in cement-ceramic microtensile bond strength (μTBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five blocks (5 × 5 × 4 mm(3)) of a glass-infiltrated alumina-based ceramic (In-Ceram Alumina) were fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions and duplicated in resin composite. Ceramic surfaces were polished, cleaned for 10 min in an ultrasonic bath, silica coated using a laboratory type of air abrasion device, and silanized. Each treated ceramic block was then randomly assigned to five groups (n = 9) and cemented to a composite block under five seating forces (10 g, 50 g, 100 g, 500 g, and 750 g) using a dual-cured resin cement (Panavia F). The ceramic-cement-composite assemblies were cut under coolant water to obtain bar specimens (1 mm × 0.8 mm(2)). The μTBS tests were performed in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). The mean bond strengths values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different seating forces resulted in no significant difference in the μTBS results ranging between 13.1 ± 4.7 and 18.8 ± 2.1 MPa (p = 0.13) and no significant differences among cement thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive seating forces during cementation seem not to affect the μTBS results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive forces during the seating of single all-ceramic restorations cementation seem to display the same tensile bond strength to the resin cement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. salazar.marocho@gmail.com
authors.forename: Susana María Salazar
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marocho
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Valandro
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bottino
mesh_terms: D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C483026:In-Ceram Alumina; C076808:Monobond S; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D003776:Dental Porcelain