title: Behavioral phenotype of fragile X syndrome in adolescence and adulthood.
abstract: The present study explored the behavioral profile of individuals with fragile X syndrome during adolescence and adulthood. Individuals with both fragile X syndrome and autism (n  =  30) were compared with (a) individuals diagnosed with fragile X syndrome (but not autism; n  =  106) and (b) individuals diagnosed with autism (but not fragile X syndrome; n  =  135) on measures of autism symptoms, adaptive functioning, behavior problems, and psychological symptoms. Results indicated that individuals dually diagnosed with fragile X syndrome and autism displayed greater communication and social reciprocity impairments than individuals with fragile X syndrome only. Individuals in the dually diagnosed group also exhibited higher levels of repetitive and challenging behaviors than either comparison group, suggesting a unique profile of vulnerability for those diagnosed with both fragile X syndrome and autism.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA. lsmith@waismnan.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Leann E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Erin T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Marsha Mailick
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Seltzer
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abbeduto
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010641:Phenotype; D012919:Social Behavior; D055815:Young Adult