title: Effects of a combination of hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) and an organic acid mixture on ruminal fermentation in heifers fed a high-grain diet.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of hinokitiol (a natural antibacterial compound extracted from Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai) and an organic acid mixture (citrate content 50%) on ruminal fermentation. Antibacterial properties were examined by measuring minimal inhibitory concentration. Hinokitiol at 1.56µg/mL or an organic acid mixture at 1600µg/mL inhibited Streptococcus bovis growth. The combination of 0.78µg/mL hinokitiol and 200µg/mL of an organic acid mixture also inhibited S. bovis growth. Both hinokitiol and the hinokitiol and an organic acid mixture combination showed strong antibacterial properties on Gram-positive bacteria such as S. bovis, but relatively weak antibacterial activities on Gram-negative bacteria such as Megasphaera elsdenii. Three ruminally cannulated heifers were fed a bloat-producing diet containing barley, pelleted alfalfa meal, soybean meal and salt without long-cut roughage to investigate the ruminal characteristics in vivo. Feeding to heifers a bloat-producing diet containing 7.8mg/kg hinokitiol and 0.2% of an organic acid mixture significantly decreased the increase in stable ingesta volume. Hinokitiol or an organic acid mixture did not affect ruminal volatile fatty acids, protozoa and bacteria. These results suggest that a combination of hinokitiol and an organic acid mixture might reduce frothy bloat in cattle fed high-grain diets.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center of Feed & Livestock Development Division, Nippon Formula Feed Manufacturing Company Limited, Motegi, Tochigi, Japan. jyunichiro.ishii@nippai.co.jp
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Norichika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Hisaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D002523:Edible Grain; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045851:Megasphaera / Q000187:drug effects; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D016985:Streptococcus bovis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014334:Tropolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D019343:Citric Acid; D014334:Tropolone; C009479:beta-thujaplicin