title: The role of surface implant treatments on the biological behavior of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. An in vitro comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was an in vitro comparison of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation related to six dental implants with different surface characteristics, and to determine if the interaction between cells and implant is influenced by surface structure and chemical composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six types of implants were tested, presenting four different surface treatments: turned, sandblasted, acid-etched, anodized. The implant macro- and microstructure were analyzed using SEM, and the surface chemical composition was investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. SaOS-2 osteoblasts were used for the evaluation of cell adhesion and proliferation by SEM, and cell viability in contact with the various surfaces was determined using cytotoxicity MTT assays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity in contact with the six surfaces was evaluated. Data relative to MTT assay and ALP activity were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis not parametric test and Nemenyi-Damico-Wolfe-Dunn post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the implants tested supported cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, revealing neither organic contaminants nor cytotoxicity effects. The industrial treatments investigated changed the implant surface microscopic aspect and SaOS-2 cell morphology appeared to be influenced by the type of surface treatment at 6, 24, and 72 h of growth. SaOS-2 cells spread more rapidly on sandblasted surfaces. Turned surfaces showed the lowest cell proliferation at SEM observation. Sandblasted surfaces showed the greatest ALP activity values per cell, followed by turned surfaces (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the base of this in vitro investigation, differently surfaced implants affected osteoblast morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Sandblasted surfaces promoted the most suitable osteoblast behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed and Implant Prosthodontics, Genoa University, Genova, Italy. studioconserva@libero.it
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conserva
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menini
authors.forename: Giambattista
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pera
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D010100:Oxygen