title: Fenugreek attenuation of diabetic nephropathy in alloxan-diabetic rats: attenuation of diabetic nephropathy in rats.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. To prevent the development of this disease and to improve advanced kidney injury, effective therapies directed toward the key molecular target are required. In this paper, the efficacy of fenugreek to restore the kidney function of diabetic rats via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities has been studied. Novel data showing the efficacy of fenugreek to attenuate progression of diabetic nephropathy and production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats compared with a diabetic untreated group were obtained. Rats were classified into five groups; control, diabetic untreated, and three diabetic groups treated with fenugreek, rosiglitazone, and metformin. Treatment with fenugreek has been continued for 12 weeks. Fenugreek was found to significantly reduce the high levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and IL-6 in serum compared with the diabetic untreated group. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde and IL-6 in the kidney homogenate were significantly reduced as a result of the fenugreek treatment compared with the diabetic untreated group. Moreover, concentration of GSH and the activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase were considerably increased in the diabetic treated groups compared with the diabetic untreated group. Furthermore, glomerular mesangial expansion was reduced in the treated animal groups. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential of fenugreek against diabetic nephropathy, explain its antioxidative/anti-inflammatory properties and provide a direction for future research.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. sayedaar1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ahmed Amir Radwan
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalifa
authors.forename: Fathy Fahim
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Abd el-Latif
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C056164:fenugreek seed meal; D000496:Alloxan; D008687:Metformin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione