title: A two-year observational study assessing the safety of DepoFoam bupivacaine after augmentation mammaplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two-year safety outcomes in patients who received DepoFoam bupivacaine during two prior breast augmentation studies were evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors assess the clinical sequelae observed during follow-up examination with respect to the integrity of the breast implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Study 1, patients received bupivacaine HCl (75 mg) in one breast pocket and DepoFoam bupivacaine (133 or 266 mg) in the other. In Study 2, patients received either bupivacaine HCl (200 mg) or DepoFoam bupivacaine (532 mg), divided equally into each breast pocket. Investigators and patients remained blinded to the treatment administered. Patients completed a questionnaire regarding breast pain, tenderness, tingling, numbness, burning, changes in sensation, and any relevant life events potentially affecting the implants. Patients were also assessed for postoperative healing and implant integrity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four women were evaluated. Most patients in all groups had no change in breast size or shape and no changes in the skin or nipple. There were no reports of palpable hard knots or swelling. There was one report of irritation/implant leakage (in a patient who received bupivacaine HCl [75 mg] in the relevant breast). Most patients reported no breast pain, tenderness, tingling, numbness, burning, other changes in sensation, chest wall surgery or trauma, or life events affecting the implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At a two-year follow-up assessment, DepoFoam bupivacaine was not associated with any complications that would compromise the integrity of the breast implants. There was no indication of an association between DepoFoam bupivacaine or bupivacaine HCl and changes in sensation or other abnormal findings in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hermann Memorial City Medical Center, 921 Gessner Road, Houston, TX 77024, USA. harold@minkowitzmd.com
authors.forename: Harold S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Minkowitz
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onel
authors.forename: Chris K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Patronella
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smoot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation; D018427:Breast Implants; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D061214:Patient Safety; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D002045:Bupivacaine