title: A standardization of Amphibalanus (Balanus) amphitrite (Crustacea, Cirripedia) larval bioassay for ecotoxicological studies.
abstract: A series of 10 intra-laboratory bioassays and an inter-laboratory assay involving nine laboratories, were performed to validate the use of Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae as test organisms for ecotoxicological studies. The standardization protocol utilized Cadmium Nitrate as a reference toxicant and larval immobilization (after 24 and 48 h) as the end-point. The statistical data analysis showed high homogeneity in intra-laboratory EC(50) values among bioassay repetitions (coefficient of variation (CV)=15.8% after 24 h and 16.9% after 48 h); also CV values obtained in inter laboratory comparison exercise were not higher than the 50%, variation coefficient mentioned in the ISO standards for the precision of inter-laboratory assays. The results demonstrated that the protocol implemented for the balanus larval bioassay comply with the international standards both for intra- and inter-laboratory precision.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR) CNR, via De Marini 6 16149, Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: veronica.piazza@ge.ismar.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.affiliation: ARPA-Emilia Romagna, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferioli
authors.affiliation: University of Genoa, Department of Biology, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giacco
authors.affiliation: ARPA-Liguria, La Spezia, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunzia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melchiorre
authors.affiliation: ARPA-Marche, Macerata, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.affiliation: University of Naples, Department of Biology, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Del Prete
authors.affiliation: IAMC CNR, Taranto, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biandolino
authors.affiliation: ICRAM, Livorno, Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dentone
authors.affiliation: Shoreline Sos. Coop., Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frisenda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR) CNR, via De Marini 6 16149, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faimali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D003445:Crustacea; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D007753:Laboratories; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D012015:Reference Standards; D001468:Thoracica; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical