title: Effects of Spinal and Peripheral Injection of α1A or α1D Adrenoceptor Antagonists on Bladder Activity in Rat Models with or without Bladder Outlet Obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antagonists of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1ARs) relax prostate smooth muscle and relieve voiding and storage symptoms. Recently, increased expression of α1ARs with change of its subtype expression has been proved in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). To search for the evidence of changes in α1ARs subtype expression and activity in the peripheral and spinal routes, the effects of spinal and peripheral administration of tamsulosin (an α1A/D-selective AR), naftopidil (an α1A/D-selective AR), and doxazosin (non-selective AR) on bladder activity were investigated in a rat model with or without BOO.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 65 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the BOO surgery group (n=47) and the sham surgery group (n=18). After 6 weeks, cystometry was assessed before and after intrathecal and intra-arterial administrations of tamsulosin, naftopidil, and doxazosin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After intra-arterial administrations of all three drugs, bladder capacity (BC) was increased and maximal intravesical pressure (Pmax) was decreased in both BOO and the sham rat models (P<0.05). After intrathecal administration of all three drugs, BC was increased and Pmax was decreased in only the BOO group. The episodes of involuntary contraction in the BOO rat models were decreased by intra-arterial administration (P=0.031). The increase of BC after intrathercal and intra-arterial administrations of α1ARs was significantly greater in the BOO group than in the sham group (P=0.023, P=0.041). In the BOO group, the increase of BC and decrease in Pmax were greater by intra-arterial administration than by intrathecal administration (P=0.035). There were no significant differences of the degrees of changes in the cystometric parameters among the three different α1ARs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up-regulations of the α1ARs in BOO were observed by the greater increases of BC after α1AR antagonist administrations in the BOO group than in the sham group. However, there were no subtype differences of the α1ARs in functional parameters of bladder activity. In addition, α1ARs also act on the lumbosacral cord which implies that the sensitivity of α1ARs is increased in pathologic models such as BOO. Further evaluation including differential expression of α1ARs in BOO models are need.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Seung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kang Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Du Geon
authors.initials: du G
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jeong Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae