title: Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with Vascular Function, Carotid Atherosclerosis and the UKPDS Risk Engine in Korean Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have evaluated the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk simultaneously using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine and non-invasive vascular tests in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n=380; aged 20 to 81 years) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were free of clinical evidence of CVD. The 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risks were calculated for each patient using the UKPDS risk engine. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), flow mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) were measured. The correlations between the UKPDS risk engine and the non-invasive vascular tests were assessed using partial correlation analysis, after adjusting for age, and multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean 10-year CHD and 10-year stroke risks were 14.92±11.53% and 4.03±3.95%, respectively. The 10-year CHD risk correlated with CIMT (P<0.001), FMD (P=0.017), and PWV (P=0.35) after adjusting for age. The 10-year stroke risk correlated only with the mean CIMT (P<0.001) after adjusting for age. FMD correlated with age (P<0.01) and systolic blood pressure (P=0.09). CIMT correlated with age (P<0.01), HbA1c (P=0.05), and gender (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CVD risk is increased at the onset of type 2 diabetes. CIMT, FMD, and PWV along with the UKPDS risk engine should be considered to evaluate cardiovascular disease risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Choon Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Seon
authors.forename: Kyung Wan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Seung Yup
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyoung Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Nho
authors.forename: Se Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bo Kyung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Kyung Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Han