title: Dense codes at high speeds: varying stimulus properties to improve visual speller performance.
abstract: This paper investigates the effect of varying different stimulus properties on performance of the visual speller. Each of the different stimulus properties has been tested in previous literature and has a known effect on visual speller performance. This paper investigates whether a combination of these types of stimuli can lead to a greater improvement. It describes an experiment aimed at answering the following questions. (i) Does visual speller performance suffer from high stimulus rates? (ii) Does an increase in stimulus rate lead to a lower training time for an online visual speller? (iii) What aspect of the difference in the event related potential to a flash or a flip stimulus causes the increase in accuracy. (iv) Can an error-correcting (dense) stimulus code overcome the reduction in performance associated with decreasing target-to-target intervals? We found that higher stimulus rates can improve the visual speller performance and can lead to less time required to train the system. We also found that a proper stimulus code can overcome the stronger response to rows and columns, but cannot greatly improve speller performance.
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. j.geuze@donders.ru.nl
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geuze
authors.forename: Jason D R
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Farquhar
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014956:Writing