title: [Applications of botulin].
abstract: Among the ailments of the ocular region, the use of botulin has become established in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in Finland. Botulin has also been used successfully after peripheral facial palsy to improve facial symmetry, reduce lachrymal flow, treat dribbling of saliva as well as spasmodic dysphonia of laryngeal muscles. It may be effective in dysphagia caused by tightness of the upper esophageal sphincter or in several dyshidroses. Gastroenterologic indications include anal fissure and spasm and achalasia of the lower esophageal sphincter. In urology, botulin is effective in overactive bladder and incomplete voiding.
authors.affiliation: HYKS, silmäklinikka.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanerva
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitkäranta
authors.forename: Maaria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ansaranta
authors.forename: Leea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ylitalo
authors.forename: Leena-Maija
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Aaltonen
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pakarinen
authors.forename: Sinikka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmenkylä
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000188:drug therapy; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D013543:Sweat Gland Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins