title: Zingiber officinale extract exhibits antidiabetic potential via modulating glucose uptake, protein glycation and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), a perennial herbaceous plant is native to Southern Asia. Study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of ginger extract and its characterization. Possible mode of action to elicit antidiabetic activity was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethyl acetate extract of ginger (EAG) was evaluated for its antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH radical scavenging potential with an IC₅₀ value of 4.59 µg/ml. Antidiabetic activity of EAG was evaluated by estimating antiglycation potential (IC₅₀ 290.84 µg/ml). HPLC profiling of EAG revealed the presence of phenolic components, gingerol and shoagol as major constituents. After determining sub-toxic concentration of EAG (50 µg/ml), efficacy of extract to enhance glucose uptake in cell lines were checked in L6 mouse myoblast and myotubes. EAG was effective at 5 µg/ml concentration in both cases. Antibody based studies in treated cells revealed the effect of EAG in expressing Glut 4 in cell surface membrane compared to control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antidiabetic effect of ginger was experimentally proved in the study and has concluded that the activity is initiated by antioxidant, antiglycation and potential to express or transport Glut4 receptors from internal vesicles.
authors.affiliation: Agro processing & Natural Products Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology-NIIST, CSIR, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: M Priya
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: Mahesh S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: Keezheveettil P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Padmakumari
authors.forename: K Gopal
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Raghu
authors.forename: Andikannu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundaresan
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027343:Rhizome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; C040115:shogaol; C007845:gingerol; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D005947:Glucose