title: Relative abundance and flight phenology of two pheromone types of Acrobasis nuxvorella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
abstract: Two synthetic sex pheromones have been developed and are currently used to detect the flight of the pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis nuxvorella Neunzig, the most damaging pest of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. One pheromone (referred to as standard) is attractive to  moths in the southern United States, but not in Mexico. The other pheromone (referred to as Mexican) is attractive to moths in the southern United States and in Mexico. These two pheromones have been implemented by producers as an important tool in monitoring the activity of this pest and  have allowed for more efficient pesticide use. In the future, these pheromones could be used as a means of population reduction through pheromone based control methods. Trapping data taken over a 3-yr period were used to determine if phenological differences exist between pheromone types of  pecan nut casebearer. The relative abundance of each pheromone type at several locations in the United States also was evaluated. Results of this study indicate that no phenological differences exist between the two pheromone types studied in the United States and that significantly more males  are attracted to field-deployed pheromone traps baited with the standard pheromone than to traps baited with the Mexican pheromone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hartfield
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Medina
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D031325:Carya / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D005426:Flight, Animal; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000502:physiology*; D011156:Population Density; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones