title: Symptomatic in-hospital deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following hip and knee arthroplasty among patients receiving recommended prophylaxis: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total or partial knee arthroplasty (TPKA) and after total or partial hip arthroplasty (TPHA) are proposed patient safety indicators, but its incidence prior to discharge is not defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish a literature-based estimate of symptomatic VTE event rates prior to hospital discharge in patients undergoing TPHA or TPKA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (1996 to 2011), supplemented by relevant articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reports of incidence of symptomatic postoperative pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) before hospital discharge in patients who received VTE prophylaxis with either a low-molecular-weight heparin or a subcutaneous factor Xa inhibitor or oral direct inhibitor of factors Xa or IIa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and observational studies that reported rates of postoperative symptomatic VTE in patients who received recommended VTE prophylaxis after undergoing TPHA or TPKA. Data were independently extracted by 2 analysts, and pooled incidence rates of VTE, DVT, and pulmonary embolism were estimated using random-effects models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 44,844 cases provided by 47 studies. The pooled rates of symptomatic postoperative VTE before hospital discharge were 1.09% (95% CI, 0.85%-1.33%) for patients undergoing TPKA and 0.53% (95% CI, 0.35%-0.70%) for those undergoing TPHA. The pooled rates of symptomatic DVT were 0.63% (95% CI, 0.47%-0.78%) for knee arthroplasty and 0.26% (95% CI, 0.14%-0.37%) for hip arthroplasty. The pooled rates for pulmonary embolism were 0.27% (95% CI, 0.16%-0.38%) for knee arthroplasty and 0.14% (95% CI, 0.07%-0.21%) for hip arthroplasty. There was significant heterogeneity for the pooled incidence rates of symptomatic postoperative VTE in TPKA studies but less heterogeneity for DVT and pulmonary embolism in TPKA studies and for VTE, DVT, and pulmonary embolism in TPHA studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using current VTE prophylaxis, approximately 1 in 100 patients undergoing TPKA and approximately 1 in 200 patients undergoing TPHA develops symptomatic VTE prior to hospital discharge.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. jean-marie.januel@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Januel
authors.forename: Guanmin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruffieux
authors.forename: Hude
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Douketis
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colin
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ghali
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burnand
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007297:Inpatients; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants