title: The regulatory/cytotoxic infiltrating T cells in early renal surveillance biopsies predicts acute rejection and survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To analyze the immune phenotype of T-lymphocyte infiltrations in surveillance renal biopsies with stable renal function early post-transplantation (median time 40 days, range from 18 to 85 days).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-five surveillance biopsies with interstitial T-lymphocyte infiltration between non-atrophic tubules in the cortex (14 with subclinical rejection, 32 with borderline change and 79 with only interstitial T-lymphocyte infiltration but no obvious pathological abnormalities according to Banff criteria) were enrolled. All cases were classified into two groups: regulatory phenotype (RP) group, which was dominated by FOXP3-positive T lymphocytes in surveillance biopsies, and cytotoxic phenotype (CP) group, which was dominated by Granzyme B-positive T lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RP group includes 83.2% (104/125) cases, none of which developed acute rejection during nearly 5 years of follow-up. The CP group includes 16.8% (21/125) cases, all of which developed biopsy-proven acute rejection or clinical diagnostic acute rejection within 1 year after biopsy. Glomerular filtration rate and cumulative graft survival time were superior in the RP group than in the CP group (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analyzing the immunophenotype of graft-infiltrating T cells in renal surveillance biopsies during early post-transplantation could predict acute rejection and survival.
authors.affiliation: The Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhangfei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shou
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous