title: Expressional alterations of fibrillin-1 during wound healing of human dental pulp.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The degradation of fibrillins, the major constituents of microfibrils, is known to facilitate the release of active transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a signaling molecule contributing to mineralized tissue barrier formation in exposed dental pulps. To examine the involvement of fibrillins in the barrier formation, we examined the temporospatial expression of (1) genes and proteins of fibrillins and (2) factors possibly associated with fibrillin degradation and cytodifferentiation in exposed human pulps. Human pulp slice cultures were also examined for the role of fibrillins in mineralization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinically healthy pulps were mechanically exposed and capped with mineral trioxide aggregate. After 7 to 42 days, the teeth were processed for immunohistochemical and cytochemical staining of fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, latent TGF-β-binding protein (LTBP)-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and in situ hybridization of fibrillin-1. Pulp tissue slices cultured with β-glycerophosphate were analyzed for fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, and ALP with the immunohistochemical/cytochemical staining and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrillin-1-immunoreactivity was seen until 7 days but turned into undetectable since 14 days in the pulpal area just beneath the exposure site. MMP-3-immunoreaction was transiently detected at 14 days. At 42 days when the mineralized barrier was evident, fibrillin-1-immunoreactivity and fibrillin-1 expression remained down-regulated. Fibrillin-2, LTBP-1, and ALP were constantly detected in the fibrillin-1-undetectable area. Pulp slices cultured with β-glycerophosphate showed mineralization with up-regulation of ALP and down-regulation of fibrillin-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Degradation and down-regulation of fibrillin-1 expression took place during the mineralized tissue barrier formation in exposed pulps in vivo and β-glycerophosphate-induced pulpal mineralization in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan. nagako@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nagako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshiba
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshiba
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigetani
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okiji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000379:methods; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000628:therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000071838:Fibrillin-1; D000071840:Fibrillin-2; D000071837:Fibrillins; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult; D054392:Adipokines
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D000071838:Fibrillin-1; D000071840:Fibrillin-2; D000071837:Fibrillins; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D017640:Silicates; C000605722:FBN1 protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; C000605723:FBN2 protein, human; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid