title: Influence of ethanol extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves on the isolated rat heart work and mitochondria functions.
abstract: In this study, we attempted to elucidate whether the effects of ethanol extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBE) observed previously on isolated rat heart mitochondria may be realized in situ (in case of isolated heart perfused under normal conditions and under ischemia-reperfusion). We found that GBE at low concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 μL/mL) does not affect the heart rate and parameters of electrocardiogram (ECG) but produces a small increase in the coronary flow. Higher concentration of GBE (0.2 and 0.3 μL/mL) diminished the heart rate, decreased the coronary flow, and tended to enhance the parameters of ECG. The contractility of isolated rat heart and mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form fluorescence decreased in a GBE concentration-dependent manner. Mitochondria isolated from hearts pre-perfused with GBE (0.05 μL/mL) for 20 minutes before nonflow global ischemia-reperfusion (45 min/15 min) showed higher respiratory rates with pyruvate + malate in state 2 and state 3, higher respiratory control index, and diminished H₂O₂ generation compared with untreated group. Higher GBE concentration, 0.4 μL/mL, had no effect on H2O2 generation and did not prevent the ischemia-reperfusion-induced decrease of pyruvate + malate oxidation in state 3 but even enhanced it. However, in the case of nonischemic perfusions, this GBE concentration had no significant effect on these parameters of respiratory functions of isolated heart mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Neurosciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Giedre
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baliutyte
authors.forename: Rasa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baniene
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gendviliene
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martisiene
authors.forename: Sonata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trumbeckaite
authors.forename: Vilmante
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borutaite
authors.forename: Adolfas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toleikis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005453:Fluorescence; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008293:Malates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009243:NAD; D000431:Ethanol; C030298:malic acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide