title: Primary aneurysmal bone cysts in children: percutaneous sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol and proposal of a vascular classification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol and to propose a vascular classification of ABCs based on a retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a review of children treated with absolute alcohol sclerotherapy for ABC at a single institution from January 1995 until November 2009. Treatment response was evaluated radiographically and clinically. Cyst fluid was classified as clear, partially bloody, or bloody. Presence of any venous drainage of the cyst was assessed by injection of contrast medium into the cyst cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine children with ages ranging from 2 to 16 years were included. Treatment response was good in 17 (59%), partial in 9 (31%), and poor in 3 (10%) children. Venous drainage was absent in six out of seven clear-fluid cysts, which we classified as lymphatic. Drainage was present in all seven bloody-fluid cysts, which we classified as venous. In seven partially bloody-fluid cysts, venous drainage was seen in three.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol is a safe and effective treatment of ABC. We propose classifying ABC as lymphatic or venous and suggest considering ABC intraosseous slow-flow vascular malformations.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149-161 rue de Sèvres, Paris, 75015, France. karen.lambot@nck.aphp.fr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lambot-Juhan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pannier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grévent
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Péjin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berteloot
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emond-Gonsard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boddaert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glorion
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunelle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017824:Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal / Q000145:classification* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000431:Ethanol