title: Ischemic extent as a biomarker for characterizing severity of coronary artery stenosis with blood oxygen-sensitive MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a statistical analysis of myocardial blood-oxygen-level-dependent (mBOLD) signal intensities can lead to the identification and quantification of the ischemic area supplied by the culprit artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac BOLD images were acquired in a canine model (n = 9) with controllable LCX stenosis at rest and during adenosine infusion on a 1.5T clinical scanner. Statistical distributions of myocardial pixel-intensities derived from BOLD images were used to compute an area metric (ischemic extent, IE). True myocardial perfusion was estimated from microsphere analysis. IE was compared against a standard metric (segment-intensity-response, SIR). Additional animals (n = 3) were used to investigate the feasibility of the approach for identifying ischemic territories due to LAD stenosis from mBOLD images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analyses showed that IE and myocardial flow ratio between rest and adenosine infusion (MFR) were exponentially related (R(2) > 0.70, P < 0.001, for end-systole and end-diastole), while SIR and MFR were linearly related to end-systole (R(2) = 0.51, P < 0.04) and unrelated to end-diastole (R(2) ≈ 0, P = 0.91). Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis that IE was superior to SIR for detecting critical stenosis (MFR ≤ 2) in end-systole and end-diastole. Feasibility studies on LAD narrowing demonstrated that the proposed approach could also identify oxygenation changes in the LAD territories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed evaluation of cardiac BOLD magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers marked improvement in sensitivity and specificity for detecting critical coronary stenosis at 1.5T compared to the mean segmental intensity approach. Patient studies are now warranted to determine its clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applications, IMT-Institutions Markets Technologies Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy. sotirios.tsaftaris@imtlucca.it
authors.forename: Sotirios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tsaftaris
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiangzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Debiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dharmakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010100:Oxygen