title: Fatigue-related crashes involving express buses in Malaysia: will the proposed policy of banning the early-hour operation reduce fatigue-related crashes and benefit overall road safety?
abstract: Fatigue-related crashes have long been the topic of discussion and study worldwide. The relationship between fatigue-related crashes and time of day is well documented. In Malaysia, the possibility of banning express buses from operating during the early-hours of the morning has emerged as an important consideration for passenger safety. This paper highlights the findings of an impact assessment study. The study was conducted to determine all possible impacts prior to the government making any decision on the proposed banning. This study is an example of a simple and inexpensive approach that may influence future policy-making process. The impact assessment comprised two major steps. The first step involved profiling existing operation scenarios, gathering information on crashes involving public express buses and stakeholders' views. The second step involved a qualitative impact assessment analysis using all information gathered during the profiling stage to describe the possible impacts. Based on the assessment, the move to ban early-hour operations could possibly result in further negative impacts on the overall road safety agenda. These negative impacts may occur if the fundamental issues, such as driving and working hours, and the need for rest and sleep facilities for drivers, are not addressed. In addition, a safer and more accessible public transportation system as an alternative for those who choose to travel at night would be required. The proposed banning of early-hour operations is also not a feasible solution for sustainability of express bus operations in Malaysia, especially for those operating long journeys. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to design a more holistic approach for preventing fatigue-related crashes involving express buses in Malaysia.
authors.affiliation: Vehicle Safety & Biomechanics Research Centre, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research, Lot 125-135, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang Selangor, Malaysia. norlen@miros.gov.my
authors.forename: Norlen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Mohammad-Fadhli
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mohd-Yusoff
authors.forename: Ilhamah
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: Zarir-Hafiz
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zulkipli
authors.forename: Mohd Rasid
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Wong Shaw
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Voon
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003657:Decision Making; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D057766:Policy; D017751:Safety Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance