title: Outbreaks of human monkeypox after cessation of smallpox vaccination.
abstract: The recent observation of a surge in human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) prompts the question of whether cessation of smallpox vaccination is driving the phenomenon, and if so, why is re-emergence not universal throughout the historic geographic range of the virus? Research addressing the virus's mechanisms for immune evasion and induction, as well as that directed at elucidating the genes involved in pathogenesis in different viral lineages (West African vs Congo Basin), provide insights to help explain why emergence appears to be geographically limited. Novel vaccines offer one solution to curtail the spread of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of High-consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Mary G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Inger K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Damon
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D045908:Mpox, Monkeypox / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008993:Monkeypox virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012377:Rodentia / Q000821:virology; D012899:Smallpox / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D012901:Variola virus / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines