title: Relationship between bone turnover biomarkers, mandibular bone mineral density, and systemic skeletal bone mineral density in premenopausal and postmenopausal Indian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone disorders. Osteoporosis is reported to cause bone loss in the alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, which provide bony framework for tooth anchorage. However, the association between systemic osteoporosis and oral health remains controversial. Available evidence suggests that Indian women have lower peak bone mass than their Western/other Asian counterparts. The present study evaluated the relationship between mandibular bone mineral density (mBMD), systemic skeletal BMD, and bone metabolism in premenopausal and postmenopausal Indian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-four premenopausal and 247 postmenopausal healthy women were included in the study. The BMD of the body of mandible, radius ultradistal, total hip, femur neck, and lateral spine were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum and urine biomarkers were determined using commercial kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate regression analysis followed by stepwise multivariate regression analysis to obtain the best fit model demonstrated the BMD of radius ultradistal, serum inorganic phosphorus, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin as significant predictors of mBMD in premenopausal women. The BMD of femur neck, serum ionized calcium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and urine total pyridinoline were significantly associated with mBMD in postmenopausal women. The significant association between mBMD and number of teeth present was observed in the whole group of premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varied predictors of mBMD were observed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The results suggest that the screening for these biomarkers and serum ionized calcium should be useful (1) to assess the status of mBMD particularly in women requiring surgical dental intervention that include bone manipulation and (2) for early detection and management of women with the risk of developing osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Annu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makker
authors.forename: Man Mohan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Geetanjali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Balendra Pratap
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Girish Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Satyawan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jadhav
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008334:Mandible; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D011884:Radius
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D015675:Osteocalcin; C015484:pyridinoline; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium