title: Real-time monitoring of glutathione-triggered thiopurine anticancer drug release in live cells investigated by surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
abstract: We investigated in vitro and in vivo glutathione (GSH)-induced intracellular thiopurine anticancer drug release on gold nanoparticle (Au NP) surfaces by means of label-free confocal Raman spectroscopy. Direct monitoring of GSH-triggered release of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and 6-thioguanine (6TG) was achieved in real time. Live cell imaging technique provides a nanomolar range release of 6MP and 6TG from Au NP surfaces after the injection of external GSH. In vivo SERS spectra of 6TG were obtained from the subcutaneous sites in living mice after GSH treatment. GSH-triggered releases of Cy5-dye assembled on 6TG-capped Au NPs were also compared using independent fluorescence measurements. Our work demonstrates that the time-lapse Raman spectroscopic tools are useful for monitoring of the controlled release of thiopurine drug molecules in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ock
authors.forename: Won Il
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Erdene Ochir
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ganbold
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Keunchang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: So Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000032:analysis*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002232:Carbocyanines; C085321:cyanine dye 5; D006046:Gold; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D013866:Thioguanine; D005978:Glutathione