title: Ultra-high sensitive ammonia chemical sensor based on ZnO nanopencils.
abstract: This paper reports a very simple, reliable and facile methodology to fabricate ultra-high sensitive liquid ammonia chemical sensor using well-crystalline hexagonal-shaped ZnO nanopencils as an efficient electron mediator. A low-temperature facile hydrothermal technique was used to synthesize ZnO nanopencils. The synthesized nanopencils were characterized in detail in terms of their morphological, structural and optical properties which confirmed that the synthesized nanomaterial is well-crystalline, possessing wurtzite hexagonal phase and possess very good optical properties. A very high sensitivity of ≈ 26.58μAcm(-2)mM(-1) and detection limit of ≈ 5nM with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9965 and a response time of less than 10s were observed for the fabricated liquid ammonia by I-V technique. To the best of our knowledge, by comparing the literature, it is confirmed that the fabricated sensor based on ZnO nanopencils exhibits highest sensitivity and lowest detection limit for liquid ammonia. This research opens a way that simply synthesized nanomaterials could be used as efficient electron mediators for the fabrication of efficient liquid ammonia chemical sensors.
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Research Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (CRCSED), Centre for Advanced Materials and Nano-Engineering (CAMNE), Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: Shabi Abbas
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baskoutas
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abaker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hajry
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Sayari
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D003460:Crystallization; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D057230:Limit of Detection; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D000641:Ammonia; D015034:Zinc Oxide