title: [Foetal cardiac output and stroke volume--an evaluation by 3D ultrasound].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this clinical study was to define foetal cardiac volumetry utilising 3D ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  3D volumetry was performed in 131 cases. Cardiac output and stroke volume were calculated. Cardiac output and stroke volume of the right and left ventricles were defined in relation to foetal weight and gestational age in weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean value for foetal cardiac output was 393.68 mL/min. A progredient rise was detected with increasing gestational age. The mean values were 215.12 mL/min in the 28th week, 315.99 mL/min in the 32nd week, 464.14 mL/min in the 36th week and 681.77 mL/min at term. In relation to body weight (kg), the cardiac output was higher at 28 weeks (252.24 mL/min/kg) as compared with later in gestation, namely 208.91 mL/min/kg at term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is technically feasible to calculate foetal cardiac volumes by means of 3D ultrasound. While the overall cardiac output of the foetus is high, it decreases in relation to body weight at the end of gestation.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Geburtshilfe und Perinatalmedizin, Philipps Universität Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lather
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer-Wittkopf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D002302:Cardiac Output; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*