title: Recurrent pericardial effusion caused by pacemaker lead perforation and warfarin therapy at seven years after implantation.
abstract: A 66-year-old man was implanted with a pacemaker. Seven years after implantation he was admitted due to cardiogenic cerebral embolism and warfarin therapy was introduced. After that, he suffered recurrent pericardial effusion for unexplained reasons. An exploratory thoracotomy revealed that the screw of the atrial lead had penetrated through the right auricular appendage wall.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-tyo, Tennohji-ku, Osaka 543-0035,  Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwase
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000293:injuries*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin