title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor TrkB exists as a preformed dimer in living cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors play crucial roles in the development, functions and maintenance of nervous systems. It is widely believed that NT-induced dimerization of the receptors initiates the transmembrane signaling. However, it is still controversial whether the receptor molecule has a monomeric or dimeric structure on the cell surface before its ligand binding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using chemical cross-linking, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and luciferase fragment complementation (LFC) assays, in this study, we show the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB exists as a homodimer before ligand binding. We have also found by using BiFC and LFC that the dimer forms in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and that the receptor lacking its intracellular domain cannot form the dimeric structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most, if not all, of the TrkB receptor has a preformed, yet inactive, homodimeric structure before BDNF binding. The intracellular domain of TrkB plays a crucial role in the spontaneous dimerization of the newly synthesized receptors, which occurs in ER. These findings provide new insight into an understanding of a molecular mechanism underlying transmembrane signaling mediated by NT receptors.
authors.affiliation: Information Processing Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan. ichi@oist.jp.
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ichiro N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Maruyama