title: Postpartum depression and health services expenditures among employed women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of postpartum depression with health services expenditures among employed women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women, aged 18 years and older, were recruited from three community hospitals in Minnesota while hospitalized for childbirth in 2001. Using Andersen's Behavioral Model, we regressed the natural log of the price-weighted sum of self-reported health services used from hospital discharge until 11 weeks postpartum on depression status at 5 weeks postpartum (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five percent of the women met the depression threshold. Two-stage least squares analyses showed that depressed women incurred 90% higher health services expenditures than nondepressed women. Older age, poverty, non-public assistance insurance status, and increased maternal symptoms also were associated with higher expenditures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher health expenditures among postpartum depressed women highlight the importance of addressing mental health issues in the workplace.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Administration, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. rdagher1@umd.edu
authors.forename: Rada K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: Bryan E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: Dwenda K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gjerdingen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult