title: Immune response against Sporothrix schenckii in TLR-4-deficient mice.
abstract: For many fungal diseases, macrophages are the major cell population implicated in host protection, primarily by their ability to eliminate the invading fungal pathogen through phagocytosis. In sporotrichosis, this remains true, because of macrophages’ ability to recognize Sporothrix schenckii through specific receptors for some of the fungus’ cellular surface constituents. Further confirmation for macrophages’ pivotal role in fungal diseases came with the identification of toll-like receptors, and the subsequent numerous associations found between TLR-4 deficiency and host susceptibility to diverse fungal pathogens. Involvement of TLR-4 in immune response against sporotrichosis has been conducted to investigate how TLR-4 signaling could affect inflammatory response development through evaluation of H2O2 production and IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β release during the course of S. schenckii infection on TLR-4-deficient mice. The results showed that macrophages are largely dependent on TLR-4 for inflammatory activation and that in the absence of TLR-4 signaling, increased TGF-β release may be one of the contributing factors for the abrogated inflammatory activation of peritoneal exudate cells during mice sporotrichosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Micheli Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sassá
authors.forename: Lucas Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Livia Carolina de Abreu
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Iracilda Zeppone
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Carlos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013175:Sporothrix / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013174:Sporotrichosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000172:deficiency*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide