title: Simultaneous analysis of some club drugs in whole blood using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: The use of psychoactive substances to improve social relations and increase body energy, in Rave Culture, has raised many legal and health public concerns, both for illicit trade and consumption. Therefore, forensic toxicology plays an important role in this area, mainly linked to the detection and quantitation of these substances, both in vivo and in post-mortem samples. In fact, at the moment, forensic sciences have been under public authorities' scrutiny and critical look, due to the increasing attention of the media and public opinion, always applying for the use of scientific knowledge to help solving forensic cases. However, forensic toxicology results are only reliable to solve legal cases if all the analytical methodologies used are appropriately validated. In this work, a methodology for the extraction and analysis of 7-aminoflunitrazepam, buprenorphine, flunitrazepam, ketamine, methadone, phencyclidine (PCP) and d-propoxyphene was developed for whole blood samples, with solid phase extraction (SPE), using OASIS(®) MCX SPE columns, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The procedure presented here proved to be reliable, specific, selective and sensitive, with good LODs and LOQs and good precision.The adoption of a SPE procedure with an automatic SPE extraction device, allowed an increased level of automation in sample treatment, being contemporarily less time-consuming, increasing productiveness, and allowing good recovery and appropriate selectivity being, also, simple and reproducible. The simultaneous detection and quantitation of all compounds by the same extraction and detection methodology is crucial and has a great potential for forensic toxicology and clinical analysis.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Jardim Carrilho Videira, 4050-067 Porto, Portugal. andre.castro@dpinml.mj.pt
authors.forename: André L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Sónia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tarelho
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.forename: Helena M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000097:blood; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene / Q000097:blood; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000097:blood; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008691:Methadone / Q000097:blood; D009294:Narcotics / Q000097:blood*; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000097:blood; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009294:Narcotics; D002047:Buprenorphine; D005445:Flunitrazepam; D007649:Ketamine; C036343:7-aminoflunitrazepam; D010622:Phencyclidine; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene; D008691:Methadone