title: Triptolide: structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, bioactivities, clinical development and mechanisms.
abstract: Triptolide, a principal bioactive ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has attracted extensive exploration due to its unique structure of a diterpenoid triepoxide and multiple biological activities. This review will focus on the structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology, and clinical development of triptolide in the last forty years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ya-Xi
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yuan-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ze-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D029757:Tripterygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004224:Diterpenes; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D010616:Phenanthrenes; C001899:triptolide