title: Heme oxygenase-1 promoter polymorphism is associated with risk of malignant mesothelioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor of serosal surfaces that is closely associated with asbestos exposure which induces oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, a rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation, plays a protective role against oxidative stress. The HO-1 gene promoter carries (GT)n repeats whose number is inversely related to transcriptional activity of the HO-1 gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the relationship between the length polymorphism of (GT)n repeats and mesothelioma susceptibility, we analyzed the HO-1 promoter in 44 asbestos-exposed subjects without mesothelioma and 78 asbestos-exposed subjects with mesothelioma using PCR-based genotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of repeats ranged from 16 to 38, with two peaks at 23 and 30 repeats. Polymorphisms of (GT)n repeats were grouped into two classes of alleles, short (S) (<24) and long (L) (≥24), and three genotypes: L/L, L/S, and S/S. The proportions of allele frequencies in class L as well as genotypic frequencies of L allele carriers (L/L and L/S) were significantly higher in the asbestos-exposed subjects with mesothelioma than in those without mesothelioma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study suggest that long (GT)n repeats in the HO-1 gene promoter are associated with a higher risk of malignant mesothelioma in the Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Shusai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001194:Asbestos; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1