title: Sodium caseinate induces mouse granulopoiesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sodium caseinate (CasNa) induces differentiation and M-CSF production in mouse band granulocytes in vitro; however, it is not yet known if this molecule can also induce the proliferation and activation of the granulocyte lineage in vivo. In this work we evaluated the induction in vivo of granulopoiesis and the activation of granulocytes in mice treated with CasNa.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c male mice 8-12 weeks old were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 ml of CasNa (10% in PBS p/v) four times (every 48 h).
  
  
  METHODS
  Granulocyte proliferation was evaluated by flow cytometry; activation was evaluated by phagocytic indices. The cytokine was measured using an ELISA assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that CasNa increased bone marrow granulopoiesis percentage (38.35 ± 10.88 vs. 64.94 ± 34.14 BrdU+/Gr-1+ cells) and the granulocytes generated presented increased phagocytic indices (0.3 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.11, p < 0.05). We also show that G-CSF (974 ± 411 vs. 3189 ± 350 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and GM-CSF increased in serum, but only G-CSF in bone marrow plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CasNa induces granulopoiesis with functional granulocytes, suggesting that this molecule could be an innate immune system activator.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Hematopoyesis y Leucemia, UNAM, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Melendez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Silvestre-Santana
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreno-Fierros
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aguiñiga-Sánchez
authors.forename: Ledesma
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marroquin-Segura
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: García-Hernández
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weiss-Steider
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marché-Cova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monroy-García
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mora-García
authors.forename: Edelmiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santiago-Osorio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D038042:Myelopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor