title: Co-transformation of Panax major ginsenosides Rb₁ and Rg₁ to minor ginsenosides C-K and F₁ by Cladosporium cladosporioides.
abstract: Rb₁ and Rg₁ are the major ginsenosides in protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol. Their content in ginsenosides was 23.8 and 17.6%, respectively. A total of 22 isolates of β-glucosidase producing microorganisms were isolated from the soil of a ginseng field using Esculin-R2A agar. Among these isolates, the strain GH21 showed the strongest activities to convert ginsenoside Rb₁ and Rg₁ to minor ginsenosides compound-K and F₁, respectively. Ginsenosides Rb₁ and Rg₁ bioconversion rates were 74.2 and 89.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated that the ginsenoside Rg₁ could change the biotransformation pathway of ginsenoside Rb₁ by inhibiting the formation of the intermediate metabolite gypenoside-XVII. GH21 was identified as a Cladosporium cladosporioides species based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene sequences constructed phylogenetic trees.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yan Bian University, Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Lunpeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chengri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Longlv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000362:Agar; D036145:Ginsenosides; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C055327:ginsenoside F1; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; C112772:ginsenoside compound K; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1