title: Crystal and electronic structures of neptunium nitrides synthesized using a fluoride route.
abstract: A low-temperature fluoride route was utilized to synthesize neptunium mononitride, NpN. Through the development of this process, two new neptunium nitride species, NpN(2) and Np(2)N(3), were identified. The NpN(2) and Np(2)N(3) have crystal structures isomorphous to those of UN(2) and U(2)N(3), respectively. NpN(2) crystallizes in a face-centered cubic CaF(2)-type structure with a space group of Fm3m and a refined lattice parameter of 5.3236(1) Å. The Np(2)N(3) adopts the body-centered cubic Mn(2)O(3)-type structure with a space group of Ia3. Its refined lattice parameter is 10.6513(4) Å. The NpN synthesis at temperatures ≤900 °C using the fluoride route discussed here was also demonstrated. Previous computational studies of the neptunium nitride system have focused exclusively on the NpN phase because no evidence was reported experimentally on the presence of NpN(x) systems. Here, the crystal structures of NpN(2) and Np(2)N(3) are discussed for the first time, confirming the experimental results by density functional calculations (DFT). These DFT calculations were performed within the local-density approximation (LDA+U) and the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA+U) corrected with an effective Hubbard parameter to account for the strong on-site Coulomb repulsion between Np 5f electrons. The effects of the spin-orbit coupling in the GGA+U calculations have also been investigated for NpN(2) and NpN.
authors.affiliation: Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Box 454009, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA. silvagw@ornl.gov
authors.forename: G W Chinthaka
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Philippe F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Weck
authors.forename: Eunja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Yeamans
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cerefice
authors.forename: Alfred P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sattelberger
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Czerwinski