title: Induction of fat cell necrosis in human fat tissue after treatment with phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injections with phosphatidylcholine- and deoxycholate-containing substances are used to treat localized fat accumulation and lipomas. It is believed that the injected substances induce fat cell destruction with subsequent acute panniculitis followed by a repair process of the treated fat tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether necrosis or apoptosis of fat cells was induced by the injected substances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of fat tissue of lipoma were collected at various times after injection and evaluated by light and electron microscopy, by immunostaining for active caspase-3 and antideoxyribonuclease I, in situ end-labelling (TUNEL staining), and biochemical caspase-3 assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light and electron microscopy showed fat cell necrosis in all areas of the treated lipomas. Low levels of active caspase-3 indicated the absence of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection of the lipolytic substances phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholate leads to fat cell necrosis rather than apoptosis. However, additional studies evaluating different dosing and further time points after treatment are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. f.bechara@derma.de
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Mannherz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Altmeyer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008066:Lipolysis; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009336:Necrosis; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D053148:Caspase 3