title: YAP induces malignant mesothelioma cell proliferation by upregulating transcription of cell cycle-promoting genes.
abstract: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) shows frequent inactivation of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) -tumor-suppressor gene. Recent studies have documented that the Hippo signaling pathway, a downstream cascade of Merlin (a product of NF2), has a key role in organ size control and carcinogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. We previously reported that MMs show overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcriptional coactivator, the main downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, which results from the inactivation of NF2, LATS2 and/or SAV1 genes (the latter two encoding core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway) or amplification of YAP itself. However, the detailed roles of YAP remain unclear, especially the target genes of YAP that enhance MM cell growth and survival. Here, we demonstrated that YAP-knockdown inhibited cell motility, invasion and anchorage-independent growth as well as cell proliferation of MM cells in vitro. We analyzed genes commonly regulated by YAP in three MM cell lines with constitutive YAP-activation, and found that the major subsets of YAP-upregulating genes encode cell cycle regulators. Among them, YAP directly induced the transcription of CCND1 and FOXM1, in cooperation with TEAD transcription factor. We also found that knockdown of CCND1 and FOXM1 suppressed MM cell proliferation, although the inhibitory effects were less evident than those of YAP knockdown. These results indicate that constitutive YAP activation in MM cells promotes cell cycle progression giving more aggressive phenotypes to MM cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akatsuka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyokuni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekido
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091262:TEA Domain Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000091262:TEA Domain Transcription Factors; C057182:TEAD1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C456659:YY1AP1 protein, human; D019938:Cyclin D1