title: Repellency of the oily extract of neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) against Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae).
abstract: A crude oil extract of neem seed (Azadirachta indica, Sapindales: Meliaceae) was evaluated for repellency on Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman. Burgerjon's tower was used to spray worker bee pupae with 0.0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.3, 2.6, 5.3, 10.6 and 21.1% neem extract concentrations. Sprayed pupae were attached to observation arenas and incubated at 32 ± 2°C and 70 ± 10% RH. The ability of V. destructor to locate and feed on treated and untreated pupae was monitored from 30 min to 72 h after spray. Higher and more stable repellency was achieved with 2.6, 5.3, 10.6 and 21.1% neem extract. At the highest concentration, 98% of V. destructor were prevented to settle on bee pupae, resulting in 100% V. destructor mortality at 72 h.
authors.affiliation: Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5. Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Gómez
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Otero-Colina
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Villanueva-Jiménez
authors.forename: Cecilia Beatriz
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Peña-Valdivia
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Santizo-Rincón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry; D001516:Bees / Q000469:parasitology*; D005989:Glycerides; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; D057077:Varroidae
chemical_list: D005989:Glycerides; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; C002443:neem oil