title: Rapid and sensitive determination of sulfonamide residues in milk and chicken muscle by microfluidic chip electrophoresis.
abstract: A new, rapid, and sensitive method was proposed for the determination of sulfonamide residues in milk and chicken muscle samples by microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Separation of fluorescamine-labeled sulfonamides was accomplished by using a buffer containing 5 mmol/L boric acid and 1% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The pH, amount of PVA, and concentration of boric acid in the running buffer were found to have great influence on the separation. By optimizing these conditions, the separation of four sulfonamides, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline, and sulfanilamide, was achieved within 1 min with limits of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.2-2.3 μg/L, which are well below the maximum residue limit. The proposed method also exhibited very good repeatability; the relative standard deviations for both within-day and between-day measurements were ≤3.0%. With a simplified sample pretreatment protocol, fast determination of sulfonamides in real samples was successfully performed with standard addition recoveries of 93.3-100.8 and 82.9-92.3%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chonghui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiaosheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D046209:Electrophoresis, Microchip; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000032:analysis; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000032:analysis; D000077145:Sulfanilamide; D013424:Sulfanilamides / Q000032:analysis; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline / Q000032:analysis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077145:Sulfanilamide; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline