title: Cochlear implant electrode array misplacement: a cautionary case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a series of pitfalls and complications in a case of cochlear implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An 11-year-old boy affected by auditory neuropathy underwent cochlear implantation. Intra-operative assessment was apparently consistent with correct insertion of the electrode array into the cochlea. However, subsequent high resolution computed tomography revealed that the entire electrode array was curled up within the vestibule. Revision surgery was complicated by cerebrospinal fluid leakage. A straight probe was repeatedly inserted into the internal auditory canal, before conversion to a canal wall down procedure and appropriate positioning of the electrode array.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case, mild anteriorisation of the facial nerve created an awkward insertion angle for the electrode array via the retro-facial route, which may have triggered the described series of adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Audiology and Phoniatrics Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Padua School of Medicine, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy. enrico.muzzi@unipd.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muzzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boscolo-Rizzo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santarelli
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Beltrame
mesh_terms: D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006313:Hearing Loss, Central / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D019300:Medical Errors; D012086:Reoperation