title: Bonding of resin-based luting cements to zirconia with and without the use of ceramic priming agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated and compared bonding characteristics of resin-based luting agents and special ceramic primers to zirconia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disk specimens (n = 242) were fabricated from zirconium dioxide ceramics (Katana) and bonded with four resin-based luting agents without priming. In addition, zirconia was bonded with 7 bondingsystem combinations of three priming agents and three resin-based luting agents. Two of the resin-based luting agents and two ceramic priming agents contain an identical adhesive monomer, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), either in the material itself or in the priming agent. Shear bond strength was determined after 20,000 cycles of thermocycling. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for both pre- and post-thermocycling groups to evaluate the difference among primer and luting agent variations. On the basis of the Kruskal-Wallis test, Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons were further performed to compare the difference among four luting agents and seven conbinations of three primers and three luting agents for both pre- and post-thermocycling conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the four unprimed groups, Clearfil SA Cement (5.8 MPa) and Panavia F 2.0 (6.7 MPa) showed statistically higher post-thermocycling bond strength than the other materials (0.1 MPa) (p < 0.05). Among the seven primer/cement combinations, Clearfil Ceramic Primer combined with Clearfil Esthetic Cement exhibited the highest post-thermocycling bond strength (7.5 MPa), followed by two groups primed with Monobond Plus (4.0-4.6 MPa) (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of resin-based luting and priming agents containing the adhesive monomer MDP provide better bond strength to zirconia than do other systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fized Prosthodontics, and Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. koizumi@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: Markus B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Blatz
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C109836:clapearl DC; C530542:clearfil esthetic cement; C502351:multilink adhesive system; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C100646:Metal Primer; C103502:Variolink; C017492:methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide