title: Insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and mitochondria: major players in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes interrelation.
abstract: Many epidemiological studies have shown that diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, significantly increases the risk to develop Alzheimer's disease. Both diseases share several common abnormalities including impaired glucose metabolism, increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance and deposition of amyloidogenic proteins. It has been suggested that these two diseases disrupt common cellular and molecular pathways and each disease potentiates the progression of the other. This review discusses clinical and biochemical features shared by Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, giving special attention to the involvement of insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and mitochondria. Understanding the key mechanisms underlying this deleterious interaction may provide opportunities for the design of effective therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sónia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Renato X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Candeias
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Catarina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Paula I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose