title: Matched work high-intensity interval and continuous running induce similar increases in PGC-1α mRNA, AMPK, p38, and p53 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that acute high-intensity interval (HIT) running induces greater activation of signaling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis compared with moderate-intensity continuous (CONT) running matched for work done. In a repeated-measures design, 10 active men performed two running protocols consisting of HIT [6 × 3-min at 90% maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2max)) interspersed with 3-min recovery periods at 50% Vo(2max) with a 7-min warm-up and cool-down period at 70% Vo(2max)] or CONT (50-min continuous running at 70% Vo(2max)). Both protocols were matched, therefore, for average intensity, duration, and distance run. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained preexercise, postexercise, and 3 h postexercise. Muscle glycogen decreased (P < 0.05) similarly in HIT and CONT (116 ± 11 vs. 111 ± 17 mmol/kg dry wt, respectively). Phosphorylation (P-) of p38MAPK(Thr180/Tyr182) (1.9 ± 0.1- vs. 1.5 ± 0.2-fold) and AMPK(Thr172) (1.5 ± 0.3- vs. 1.5 ± 0.1-fold) increased immediately postexercise (P < 0.05) in HIT and CONT, respectively, and returned to basal levels at 3 h postexercise. P-p53(Ser15) (HIT, 2.7 ± 0.8-fold; CONT, 2.1 ± 0.8-fold), PGC-1α mRNA (HIT, 4.2 ± 1.7-fold; CONT, 4.5 ± 0.9-fold) and HSP72 mRNA (HIT, 4.4 ± 2-fold; CONT, 3.5 ± 1-fold) all increased 3 h postexercise (P < 0.05) although neither parameter increased (P > 0.05) immediately postexercise. There was no difference between trials for any of the above signaling or gene expression responses (P > 0.05). We provide novel data by demonstrating that acute HIT and CONT running (when matched for average intensity, duration, and work done) induces similar activation of molecular signaling pathways associated with regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, this is the first report of contraction-induced p53 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle, thus highlighting an additional pathway by which exercise may initiate mitochondrial biogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hwa Joo
authors.forename: Tae-Seok
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Louhelainen
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibala
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gregson
authors.forename: Graeme L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Close
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drust
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001706:Biopsy; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055815:Young Adult; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases