title: Kinematic predictors of subjective outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an in vivo motion analysis study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test whether rotational knee kinematics during dynamic pivoting activities are predictive of subjective functional outcome (IKDC, Lysholm), objective laxity scores (KT max), and activity levels (Tegner) in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients with single-bundle ACLR were evaluated prospectively with 3D-motion analysis during (1) descending a stairway and pivoting and (2) landing from a jump and pivoting. The side-to-side difference of tibial rotation range of motion (SSDTR) between the ACLR and the contralateral intact knee was calculated for the pivoting phase of each task. Linear regression models were applied with SSDTR, for each task predictors of the subjective IKDC score, Lysholm score, anterior tibial translation, and Tegner activity level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSDTR for descending and landing were predictive of the IKDC subjective score (R(2) = 0.46, p < 0.001 and R(2) = 0.40, p < 0.001, respectively) with "medium" effect sizes and of the Lysholm score (R(2) = 0.13, p < 0.05 and R(2) = 0.09, n.s.) with "small" to "none" effect sizes. SSDTR was not predictive of anterior translation or Tegner activity level (n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Restoring rotational kinematics during dynamic pivoting activities after ACLR is predictive of functional outcome. The ability of the athlete after ACLR to control tibial rotation during pivoting activities may be predictive of functional outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series study. Level IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Center, University of Ioannina, PO Box 1042, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Franceska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zampeli
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giotis
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hantes
authors.forename: Anastasios D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Georgoulis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012399:Rotation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult