title: Review of the influence of pigment dispersion and exfoliation glaucoma diagnosis on intraocular pressure in clinical trials evaluating primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate published, randomized, prospective, parallel clinical trials utilizing currently approved glaucoma medications to determine what influence, if any, pigment dispersion (PD) or exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) patients had on the intraocular pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of clinical trial articles evaluating currently used topical glaucoma medicines. Articles were published between January 1995 and April 2011. If the articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, they were analyzed for PD and XFG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four articles were included, containing 49 treatment arms that included PD or XFG patients. The range of PD patients was 0% to 4.5%, with a mean of 1.5±0.9%, and for XFG patients 0% to 6.3%, with a mean of 2.2±2.1%. The treatment arms with PD showed a difference in the intraocular pressures (IOPs), for all studies analyzed together, for the baseline IOPs between clinical trials that did and did not include PD patients (8 AM IOPs: with PD 26.5±0.9 mm Hg and without PD 25.8±1.3 mm Hg, P=0.024; and diurnal curve mean IOPs: with PD 25.3±1.1 mm Hg and without PD 24.5±1.3 mm Hg, P=0.024). The XFG treatment arms showed that there was a difference in the IOPs for all studies analyzed together for diurnal baseline IOPs between clinical trials that did and did not include XFG patients (with XFG 25.2±1.2 mm Hg and without XFG 24.3±1.0 mm Hg, P=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trial designs for prospective, parallel, glaucoma clinical studies that are performed in the United States generally can include PD and XFG patients with only a small impact on the IOP and a low number of such subjects enrolled.
authors.affiliation: PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network, Cheyenne, WY 82001, USA. info@prnorb.com
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: DeMill
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wirostko
authors.forename: Lindsay A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Jeanette A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents