title: An ex vivo approach to the differential parenchymal responses induced by cigarette whole smoke and its vapor phase.
abstract: Using a rat lung slice model, this study compared the stress responses induced by cigarette whole smoke (WS) to that induced by the vapor phase (VP) of the smoke. Following a 3-day exposure, lung slices exposed to 4, 10 and 20% WS retained 85, 42 and 16% relative survival respectively in comparison to the air-exposed ones. Consistently, histological observations revealed concentration-related alveolar damages in the lung slices. Expression of 5 stress-response genes was examined following a single 30 min exposure to 4% WS or VP. WS exposure resulted in 4, 11 and 50-fold induction of IL-1β, kinin type I receptor (B₁R) and CYP1A1 genes, respectively, while CYP1B1 and TNF-α genes expression was found only two times higher in comparison to VP group. Since cigarette WS consists of particulate and vapor phases, these results highlight the preferential or synergistic role of the particulate phase in the induction of IL-1β, B₁R and CYP1A1 genes and that VP did not have comparable effects on expression of these genes. However, both phases fairly contributed to the induction of CYP1B1 and TNF-α genes. VP was the fraction responsible for the toxic effect since WS did not produce further toxicity. The 4% whole smoke deposited about 7.1 μg/cm² of total particulate matter (TPM) to the exposure chamber which may account for observed differential stress responses in the lung slices.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd, Montréal, QC, H4C 3P6, Canada. Electronic address: jlin@itl.ca.
authors.forename: James Chi-Jen
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd, Montréal, QC, H4C 3P6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd, Montréal, QC, H4C 3P6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jules
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verreault
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.affiliation: Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd, Montréal, QC, H4C 3P6, Canada.
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Réjean
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.affiliation: Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd, Montréal, QC, H4C 3P6, Canada.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D012906:Smoke; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585499:Cyp1b1 protein, rat; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1