title: Genetics and bioethics: how our thinking has changed since 1969.
abstract: In 1969,  the field of human genetics was in its infancy. Amniocentesis was a new technique for prenatal diagnosis, and a newborn genetic screening program had been established in one state. There were also concerns about the potential hazards of genetic engineering. A research group at the Hastings Center and Paul Ramsey pioneered in the discussion of genetics and bioethics. Two principal techniques have emerged as being of enduring importance: human gene transfer research and genetic testing and screening. This essay tracks the development and use of these techniques and considers the ethical issues that they raise.
authors.affiliation: Professor Emeritus, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA. waltersl@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: LeRoy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes / Q000266:history; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000941:ethics; D026688:Bioethical Issues; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000941:ethics; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000941:ethics; D036281:Genetic Research / Q000941:ethics; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000941:ethics* / Q000266:history; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000941:ethics* / Q000266:history; D005823:Genetics / Q000941:ethics*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000941:ethics*; D014481:United States