title: Protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. flowers against middle cerebral artery occlusion induced brain injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the traditional Indian and Thai system of medicine, Mimusops elengi Linn., flower is used as brain tonic and to calm anxiety and panic attacks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Mimusops elengi (ME) against cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats were pretreated with ME (100 and 200mg/kg) for seven days and focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. After 60min of MCAO and 24h of reperfusion, a battery of behavioral tests assessed the extent of neurological deficits. Infarct volume and brain edema were measured in TTC stained brain sections and the extent of blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption was observed by Evan's blue extravasation. Oxidative and nitrative stress parameters were estimated in the brain homogenates. Further, simultaneous quantification of five polyphenolic biomarkers were done using HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with ME at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg significantly improved the neurobehavioral alterations and reduced the infarct volume, edema and extent of BBB disruption induced by ischemia reperfusion injury. It also prevented the alteration in the antioxidant status and reduced the nitrite levels when compared to ischemic animals. Further, HPLC studies revealed that ME contains five bioactive polyphenolic compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly indicate the neuroprotective effect of ME against stroke like injury. The observed protective effect might be attributed to the polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagakannan
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Shivasharan
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Thippeswamy
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Veerapur
authors.forename: Punit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D001929:Brain Edema; D002544:Cerebral Infarction; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D032130:Mimusops / Q000737:chemistry*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols