title: Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) enhances the anti-atherogenic effect of cilostazol by inhibiting ROS generation.
abstract: In this study, the synergistic effect of 6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl- 1H-tetrazol-5-yl) butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H )-quinolinone (cilostazol) and Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) was examined in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) null mice. Co-treatment with GbE and cilostazol synergistically decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ApoE null mice fed a high-fat diet. Co-treatment resulted in a significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesion area compared to untreated ApoE mice. The inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules such as monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and VCAM-1 which can initiate atherosclerosis were significantly reduced by the co-treatment of cilostazol with GbE. Further, the infiltration of macrophages into the intima was decreased by co-treatment. These results suggest that co-treatment of GbE with cilostazol has a more potent anti-atherosclerotic effect than treatment with cilostazol alone in hyperlipidemic ApoE null mice and could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hyuk
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: You-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Se-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seong Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sonn
authors.forename: Jong-Gil
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Keun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Bong Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae-Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Goo Taeg
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077407:Cilostazol; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000077407:Cilostazol