title: Generation of wear during the production of drug nanosuspensions by wet media milling.
abstract: Wet media milling is an established technique for the commercialized top-down production of nanoparticulate drug suspensions. These drug nanosuspensions can be transferred into the related drug products, like capsules, tablets and injectables. The generation of wear during stirred media milling of a drug compound was investigated for grinding media made from yttrium stabilized zirconia. Drug compound and drug nanosuspension were characterized initially by their mechanical and rheological properties. The generation of wear from grinding media has been investigated simultaneously with the reduction of drug particle size by evaluating several grinding media supplier and diameter as well as process parameters stirrer tip speed and specific energy input. Grinding media quality and process parameters were identified with strong impact on the amount of generated wear and on drug particle size distribution. Wear from grinding media characterized by elemental zirconium and yttrium could be significantly minimized by operating with the favored grinding media quality and with optimal stirrer tip speed and specific energy input. Wear debris, respectively wear particles from grinding media, were identified with respect to morphology and particle size. Finally, the overall contamination by raw materials and by wear during processing characterized by elemental iron, silicium, yttrium and zirconium as well as the mean size of contamination particles are presented for selected drug nanosuspensions.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, Basel, Switzerland. michael.juhnke@novartis.com
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juhnke
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Märtin
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004340:Drug Contamination; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D012212:Rheology; D013535:Suspensions; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013535:Suspensions; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium