title: The effect of Omega-3 fatty acids on serum paraoxonase activity, vitamins A, E, and C in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Studies showed paraoxonase activity, and vitamin C and A levels are decreased in diabetes. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on serum paraoxonase activity and vitamins A, E, C in patients with type 2 diabetes is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on paraoxonase activity, vitamins C, A and E levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, placebo controlled trial, 80 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly enrolled into the study. Study subjects received daily 2714 mg of omega-3 fatty acids or placebo for 8 weeks. Ten milliliter fasting blood was collected before and after treatments. Serum paraoxonase activity and vitamin C levels were measured by spectrophotometry. Vitamin A and vitamin E were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Nutrient intake was estimated using 24-hours dietary recall questionnaire (for 2 days) before and after treatments. Dietary data were analyzed using FPII. To compare the means of variables between the two groups, independent t-test was employed. Differences between variables before and after interventions were calculated using paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of paraoxonase activity were significantly increased after omega-3 intake (126.47 IU/ml vs. 180.13 IU/ml). However, omega-3 intake caused no significant change in serum vitamin A, C, and E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids was found to increase paraoxonase activity in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Anis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouchak
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djalali
authors.forename: Mohamadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saedisomeolia
authors.forename: Abolghassem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djazayery
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hajianfar