title: Solubility and solution stability studies of different amino acid prodrugs of bromhexine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to prepare the amino acid prodrugs of bromhexine hydrochloride to improve its solubility.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the prodrugs were synthesized by first reacting bromhexine with tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protected amino acid and then deprotection was carried out by using trifluoroacetic acid. These prodrugs were characterized by their melting points, NMR, mass and FTIR spectroscopy. Solubility and partition coefficient of bromhexine and various prodrugs were determined. The solution stability of various prodrugs was also determined in various buffers of pH ranging from 2 to 10. Degradation rate constants and half-life were also determined at various pH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structures of all the synthesized prodrugs were confirmed by NMR, mass and FTIR spectra. The prodrug 2-N-L-alanyl-bromhexine hydrochloride showed maximum solubility and minimum partition coefficient value. These prodrugs may hydrolyze by one or more mechanisms. The order of decreasing rates of hydrolysis was 2-N-L-prolyl-bromhexine hydrochloride > 2-N-glycyl-bromhexine hydrochloride > 2-N-L-alanyl-bromhexine hydrochloride. All the prodrugs exhibited maximum stability in the acidic pH range and undergo base catalyzed hydrolysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Solubility studies and partition coefficient values indicated that the synthesized prodrug, 2-N-L-alanyl-bromhexine hydrochloride, was least lipophilic as compared to other synthesized prodrugs. Solution stability studies showed that this prodrug undergo minimum hydrolysis at 37°C. So, it is concluded that 2-N-L-alanyl-bromhexine hydrochloride exhibits better solubility and stability as compared to other synthesized prodrugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Punjab, India. amitaggarwal78@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Mukta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000737:chemistry*; D001964:Bromhexine / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D011355:Prodrugs; D012996:Solutions; D011392:Proline; D000409:Alanine; D001964:Bromhexine; D005998:Glycine