title: Fat intake and its relationship with pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fat intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with fat and fat subtypes intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a population based case-control study conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from January 2006 to December 2007. Food intake pattern was collected from 382 breast cancer patients and 382 control group via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders was included in analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study showed that both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk did not increase significantly with greater intake of total fat [quartile (Q) 4 versus Q1 OR=0.76, 95% CI, 0.23-2.45 and OR=1.36, 95% CI, 0.30-3.12], saturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=1.43, 95% CI, 0.51-3.98 and ORQ4 to Q1=1.75, 95% CI, 0.62-3.40), monounsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=0.96, 95% CI, 0.34-1.72 and ORQ4 to Q1=1.74, 95% CI, 0.22-2.79), polyunsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=0.64, 95% CI, 0.23-1.73 and ORQ4 to Q1=0.74, 95% CI, 0.39-1.81), n-3 polyunsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=1.10, 95% CI, 0.49-2.48 and ORQ4 to Q1=0.78, 95% CI, 0.28-2.18), n-6 polyunsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=0.67, 95% CI, 0.24-1.84 and ORQ4 to Q1=0.71, 95% CI, 0.29-1.04) or energy intake (ORQ4 to Q1=1.52, 95% CI, 0.68-3.38 and ORQ4 to Q1=2.21, 95% CI, 0.93-3.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total fat and fat subtypes were not associated with pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk after controlling for age, other breast cancer risk factors and energy intake. Despite the lack of association, the effects of total fat and fat subtypes intake during premenopausal years towards postmenopausal breast cancer risk still warrant investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia. suhaina@medic.ukm.my
authors.forename: Suhaina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Mohd Razif
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shahril
authors.forename: Soraya Hanie
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shaharudin
authors.forename: Nor Aina
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Emran
authors.forename: Rohaizak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Fuad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Husain
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats