title: Vertical optical sectioning using a magnetically driven confocal microscanner aimed for in vivo clinical imaging.
abstract: This paper presents a confocal microscanner for direct vertical optical sectioning of biological samples. Confocal imaging is performed by transverse (X-axis) and axial (Z-axis) scanning of a focused laser beam using an optical fiber and a microlens respectively. The actuators are fabricated by laser micromachining techniques and are driven by electromagnetic forces. Optical and mechanical performance of the system is predicted by simulation software packages and characterized by experimental measurements. The scanner has lateral resolution of 3.87 µm and axial resolution of 10.68 µm with a field of view of 145 µm in X and 190 µm in Z directions. Confocal imaging of a polymer layer deposited on a silicon wafer and onion epidermal cells is demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mansoor
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Keqin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yingqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Mu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiao
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007909:Lenses; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055617:Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008867:Microtomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008904:Miniaturization