title: A neuroprotective mechanism of YGY-E in cerebral ischemic injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anticerebral ischemic properties of YGY-E (apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosy l-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopy-ranosid, a flavonoid glycoside extracted from plant phoenix-tail fern), focusing on its effects on neuronal apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro YGY-E treatment was examined in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) injury. In addition, in vivo effects of YGY-E on neuronal apoptosis were measured by Hoechst staining and in situ DNA end labeling (TUNEL). Finally, B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2) level in ischemic rat brain tissue was evaluated with immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro YGY-E (50-100 μg/mL) treatment increased the survival rate compared to that of the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). In in vivo experiments, YGY-E (2.5-10 mg/kg) decreased the percentage of apoptotic neurons (P < 0.01), increased Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) in ischemic rat brain tissue. These effects were dose dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that YGY-E's neuroprotective effects may be because of its inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of New Drug & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Tong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Yu-Ye
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D047310:Apigenin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006027:Glycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C405585:ligustroflavone; D047310:Apigenin; D010100:Oxygen