title: Acute intoxications: differences in management between six Dutch hospitals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute intoxications are frequently seen in Dutch hospitals. Based on single-centre studies and the fact that there are no clear guidelines, we hypothesised that hospital admission of acute intoxications may vary. Furthermore, decontamination treatment of poisonings may differ between hospitals, as earlier studies showed that adherence to international guidelines concerning decontamination may be poor.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to identify possible variations in Dutch hospital admission and decontamination treatment of patients with acute intoxications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on acute intoxications was retrospectively collected from patient records from the emergency departments of six Dutch hospitals. All patients older than 14 years who presented between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2008 were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of suicide attempts differed significantly between the hospitals (25-73%, p < 0.0001) as equally the percentage of intoxications with drugs of abuse (18-61%, p < 0.0001). Marked differences in admission rates were found (27-78%, p < 0.0001) and these differences remained even when intoxications because of suicide attempts and drugs of abuse were analysed separately (admission rate of 52-87%, p < 0.0001 and 8-71%, p < 0.0001 respectively). Reported consultation with the National Poisons Information Centre differed between hospitals (range 0% to 80-100%). No statistical differences were found between hospitals for the use of activated charcoal (16.1-42.5%, p = 0.037). Gastric lavage was used infrequently in all hospitals. (6.6-16.7%, p = 0.614).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The admission rate of patients with an acute intoxication varies considerably, especially in the case of intoxications with drugs of abuse. Consultations with the National Poisons Information Centre differed between the six hospitals. Rates of decontamination did not vary, which may indicate adherence to guidelines by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. National guidelines or admission algorithms may reduce variations in poisoning management and make the care for these patients more efficient.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Pharmacology and Toxicology, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, Netherlands. c.duineveld@ic.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duineveld
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vroegop
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schouren
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoedemaekers
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Margriet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moret-Hartman
authors.forename: Cornelis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kramers
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies