title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumours using flattening filter free beam: dosimetric and technical considerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the initial institute experience in terms of dosimetric and technical aspects in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered using flattening filter free (FFF) beam in patients with liver lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2010 to September 2011, 55 consecutive patients with 73 primary or metastatic hepatic lesions were treated with SBRT on TrueBeam using FFF beam and RapidArc technique. Clinical target volume (CTV) was defined on multi-phase CT scans, PET/CT, MRI, and 4D-CT. Dose prescription was 75 Gy in 3 fractions to planning target volume (PTV). Constraints for organs at risk were: 700 cc of liver free from the 15 Gy isodose, Dmax < 21 Gy for stomach and duodenum, Dmax < 30 Gy for heart, D0.1 cc < 18 Gy for spinal cord, V15 Gy < 35% for kidneys. The dose was downscaled in cases of not full achievement of dose constraints. Daily cone beam CT (CBCT) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients with a single lesion, nine with two lesions and three with three lesions were treated with this protocol. Target and organs at risk objectives were met for all patients. Mean delivery time was 2.8 ± 1.0 min. Pre-treatment plan verification resulted in a Gamma Agreement Index of 98.6 ± 0.8%. Mean on-line co-registration shift of the daily CBCT to the simulation CT were: -0.08, 0.05 and -0.02 cm with standard deviations of 0.33, 0.39 and 0.55 cm in, vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SBRT for liver targets delivered by means of FFF resulted to be feasible with short beam on time.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy. pietro.mancosu@humanitas.it
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mancosu
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reggiori
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alongi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arcangeli
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lobefalo
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogliata
authors.forename: Piera
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navarria
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scorsetti
mesh_terms: D056973:Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016634:Radiosurgery; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed