title: Incidence of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection during three influenza seasons in Bangladesh, 2008-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how much influenza contributes to severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), a leading cause of death in children, among people of all ages in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians obtained nasal and throat swabs to test for influenza virus from patients who were hospitalized within 7 days of the onset of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or who consulted as outpatients for influenza-like illness (ILI). A community health care utilization survey was conducted to determine the proportion of hospital catchment area residents who sought care at study hospitals and calculate the incidence of influenza using this denominator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated incidence of SARI associated with influenza in children < 5 years old was 6.7 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0-18.3); 4.4 (95% CI: 0-13.4) and 6.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0-8.3/1000) during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, respectively. The incidence of SARI in people aged ≥ 5 years was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.4-2.0) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.5-2.2) per 10,000 person-years during 2009 and 2010, respectively. The incidence of medically attended, laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza in outpatients with ILI was 10 (95% CI: 8-14), 6.6 (95% CI: 5-9) and 17 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 13-22) during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influenza-like illness is a frequent cause of consultation in the outpatient setting in Bangladesh. Children aged less than  5 years are hospitalized for influenza in greater proportions than children in other age groups.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed, Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. eha9@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azziz-Baumgartner
authors.forename: A S M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alamgir
authors.forename: Mustafizur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Nusrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Homaira
authors.forename: Badrul Munir
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sohel
authors.forename: M A Yushuf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sharker
authors.forename: Rashid Uz
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dee
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Mamun
authors.forename: Syeda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mah-E-Muneer
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Marc-Alain
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Widdowson
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bresee
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Tasnim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azim
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Goutam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Podder
authors.forename: M Jahangir
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Mahmudur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Luby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult