title: Resection of a pontine cavernous malformation via an endoscopic endonasal approach: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cavernous malformations of the brainstem are a dilemma in terms of deciding when to operate, and they remain difficult to access surgically. We present a novel approach for the resection of a brainstem cavernous malformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 59-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of intermittent dysarthria, right facial weakness, and left arm and leg weakness. A magnetic resonance image revealed a 2-cm mass in the pons with blood products of differing ages, consistent with a cavernous malformation. We discussed with her the risks of surgical resection and conservative management. She decided to pursue conservative management. Two weeks later, she returned to the emergency room with diplopia and left-sided hemiplegia. Acute hemorrhage within the right pons was seen. She then chose to undergo surgical resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient underwent an endoscopic transnasal approach for resection of a pontine cavernous malformation. Image guidance was used to identify key anatomic landmarks. A gross total resection was achieved without new neurological deficits. With physical and occupational therapy, the patient developed antigravity strength in her left upper and lower extremities before discharge. At her 4-week follow-up, she was ambulating independently with the assistance of a cane. We report the successful gross total resection of a pontine cavernous malformation via an endoscopic transnasal approach. This patient had improvement in neurological symptoms after surgical resection with minimal surgical morbidity. Technologic advances in endoscopic skull base approaches have provided access to lesions of the skull base previously requiring more invasive approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0261, USA. Matthew.Kimball@neurosurgery.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Werning
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mocco
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011149:Pons / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted