title: Healthcare-associated risk factors of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci colonization among outpatients undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: Stool specimens and data were obtained from 399 outpatients undergoing hemodialysis  (HD) in order to estimate the colonization rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and  to determine risk factors for VRE acquisition. The prevalence of VRE colonization in outpatients  ranged from 0%-22.2%. Risk factors associated with VRE colonization were high hierarchy of hospital,  short duration of HD, recent hospitalization, prior use of antimicrobial products, high platelet  count, and low hemoglobin/albumin/blood urea nitrogen/creatinine levels, showing that VRE  colonization was more common in patients with prior infections and poor nutritional status. Although  pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that most VRE isolates had diverse patterns,  2 paired cases from separate hospitals presented identical PFGE types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: Cheong Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Heui Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.forename: Woo Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cheong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014640:Vancomycin