title: Gender differences in the selection of an action plan for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : To assess differences between women and men in developing an action plan for the management of their type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  : We chose a convenience sample of the first 153 patients who participated in a four-part educational class focused on the management of type 2 DM. The classes are run by a certified diabetes educator and have a specific format. We use a decision wheel to assist in the development of a patient-generated action plan to address a specific health behavior change. For each patient we documented age, gender, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : There was a difference in choice of action plan based on gender (p = 0.014). For women the distribution of action plans was exercise 38%, nutrition 22%, medication 20%, no action plan 13%, and monitoring 7%. For men the distribution of action plans was exercise 26%, nutrition 26%, medication 6%, no action plan 26%, and monitoring 16%. Age did not affect the choice of an action plan (p = 0.964); however, patients with a lower HbA1c level chose exercise more frequently (p < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : The results of this study suggest there may be gender-based differences affecting the selection of an action plan for patients with type 2 DM. Further research is needed to determine the relative weight of other important factors on the decision for a particular action plan; e.g. sociodemographic factors, stage of readiness to change, and comorbid conditions.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Management Program, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nuovo
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balsbaugh
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levich