title: Effect of percutaneous electrical muscle stimulation on postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine whether percutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes participated in two experimental sessions; one was a 30-min EMS 30 min after a breakfast (EMS trial) and the other was a complete rest after a breakfast (Control trial). In each trial, blood was sampled before and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postprandial glucose level was significantly attenuated in EMS trial at 60, 90, and 120 min after a meal (p<0.05). The C-peptide concentration was also significantly lowered in EMS trial (p<0.01). On the other hand, there was no significant increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration in each trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results provide first evidence indicating that EMS is a new exercise method for treating postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, especially who cannot perform adequate voluntary exercise because of excessive obesity, orthopedic diseases, or severe diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Kinsuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moritani
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D019344:Lactic Acid