title: Clinical significance of de Garengeot's hernia: A case of acute appendicitis and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of the appendix in a femoral hernia sac is known as de Garengeot's hernia. We report a rare case of an elderly woman with femoral hernia appendicitis and discuss the surgical pitfalls and considerations through a literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 83-year-old woman presented with fever and right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Clinical examination revealed a femoral hernia. Ultrasonography confirmed bowel was present in the hernia sac. In the operation room, an acutely inflamed appendix was recognized within the sac. The patient underwent appendectomy and hernia repair with sutures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute appendicitis within a femoral hernia is rare and multiple dilemmas exist regarding its treatment. An incision below the inguinal ligament is a reasonable choice in order to access the hernia sac. A mesh should be placed in non-infectious appendectomy while herniorrhaphy is preferred in cases of appendicitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of the vermiform appendix in a femoral hernia sac is rare but the surgeon should be aware of this clinical entity. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment is the key to avoid complications.
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Lab, University of Athens, School of Nursery, Athens,Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piperos
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalles
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al Ahwal
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Konstantinou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skarpas
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mariolis-Sapsakos