title: Development of posttraumatic stress disorder after mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the incidence of and factors associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6 months after civilian mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of telephone follow-up versus usual care to reduce MTBI symptoms and improve function.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person and telephone interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively studied participants (N=239) with MTBI enrolled in the emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis with main outcome measure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months after MTBI, 17% of participants met criteria for diagnosis of PTSD. Logistic regression predicting PTSD from baseline characteristics showed that participants who were Hispanic versus white, non-Hispanic and who, at the time of injury, described themselves as less happy and believed they would be more affected by their injury were significantly more likely to have PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of PTSD in civilian MTBI in this study are consistent with prior research. Results suggest that personality characteristics and attribution regarding the injury may impact the development of PTSD. Early interventions addressing risk factors may prevent or reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6490, USA. jeanneh@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Sureyya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dikmen
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Temkin
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data