title: Closure and augmentation of bladder exstrophy using rectus abdominis musculo-peritoneal flap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the rectus abdominis myo-peritoneal flap (RAMP) technique for the closure and augmentation of small, non-elastic, non-compliant bladder exstrophies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RAMP technique was used in three boys with bladder exstrophy who presented late with small, non-elastic, non-compliant bladder. The clinical outcome, imaging, cystoscopy, biochemical and microbiological studies were assessed during a follow-up of 36 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bladder closure and augmentation was achieved in all patients without any complications. There were no urinary tract infections, metabolic problems or electrolyte disturbances and the kidney function remained normal in all patients. Radiography confirmed intact function and anatomy of the urinary tract and cystoscopy showed complete coverage of the inner peritoneal layer of RAMP with uroepithelium. No stone formation or mucous production was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RAMP technique is a good alternative for closing bladder exstrophies and achieves an increase in bladder capacity and compliance. The technique is indicated in the closure of large bladder defects, bladder exstrophies with small, inelastic, non-compliant bladder remnants and failed primary closures.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, N.S.C.B. Government Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agarwal