title: Experimental investigation of the effects of the acoustical conditions in a simulated classroom on speech recognition and learning in children.
abstract: The potential effects of acoustical environment on speech understanding are especially important as children enter school where students' ability to hear and understand complex verbal information is critical to learning. However, this ability is compromised because of widely varied and unfavorable classroom acoustics. The extent to which unfavorable classroom acoustics affect children's performance on longer learning tasks is largely unknown as most research has focused on testing children using words, syllables, or sentences as stimuli. In the current study, a simulated classroom environment was used to measure comprehension performance of two classroom learning activities: a discussion and lecture. Comprehension performance was measured for groups of elementary-aged students in one of four environments with varied reverberation times and background noise levels. The reverberation time was either 0.6 or 1.5 s, and the signal-to-noise level was either +10 or +7 dB. Performance is compared to adult subjects as well as to sentence-recognition in the same condition. Significant differences were seen in comprehension scores as a function of age and condition; both increasing background noise and reverberation degraded performance in comprehension tasks compared to minimal differences in measures of sentence-recognition.
authors.affiliation: Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA. daniel.valente@boystown.org
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Hallie M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Plevinsky
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Heinrichs-Graham
authors.forename: Dawna E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009622:Noise; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012574:Schools; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult