title: Frequencies of glutathione s-transferase (GSTM1, GSTM3 AND GSTT1) polymorphisms in a Malaysian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a xenobiotic metabolising enzyme (XME), which may modify susceptibility in certain ethnic groups, showing ethnic dependent polymorphism. The aim of this study was to determine GSTM1, GSTM3 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms in a Malaysian population in Kuala Lumpur.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood or buccal swab samples were collected from 137 Form II students from three schools in Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutathione-S-transferase GSTM3 gene frequencies were 89% for AA, 10% for AB and 1% for BB. The gene frequencies for deleted GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 66% and 18% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that the Malay population is at risk for environmental diseases and provides the basis for gene-environment association studies to be carried out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences (CUCMS), Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mustafa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alshagga
authors.forename: Norazlina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazrun Suhid
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zulkifli Syed Zakaria