title: [Gastrointestinal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas. An attempt at classification of mixed cancers].
abstract: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) are a challenge for the diagnostics and the concept of a histogenetic tumor typing. They are classified into three malignant subgroups: high grade malignant MANECs combine an adenoma or adenocarcinoma with a small cell or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, intermediate grade malignant MANECs consist of a neuroendocrine tumor (NET grade 1 or 2), often a globlet cell carcinoid and a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or diffuse carcinoma of signet ring cell type. The prototype of a low grade malignant MANEC is the globlet cell carcinoid. Molecular analysis indicates a common clonal origin of the different components in MANECs. The prognosis is determined by the most aggressive tumor component. The pathogenesis of MANECs is apparently a sequence of increasing malignant transformation which leads either from an adenoma/adenocarcinoma to a small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma or from a neuroendocrine tumor (NET), often a globlet cell carcinoid to a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or a diffuse carcinoma of signet ring cell type.
authors.affiliation: Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirchner
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018198:Mixed Tumor, Malignant / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor