title: Childhood aggression, callous-unemotional traits  and oxytocin genes.
abstract: Given the known behavior effects of oxytocin,and in particular its putative effect on trust, affiliation and anxiety, we hypothesized that oxytocin may be involved in the development and expression of callous-unemotional traits in children with aggressive antisocial behavior. We recruited 162 children between the ages of 6 and 16. The majority of subjects were Caucasian (84.0%) compared to African-Canadian (4.9%) and others (11.1%). The oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms were genotyped and analyzed for possible association with child aggression in a case–control study design as well as with callous-unemotional traits in a within cases analysis. We did not have significant findings with our tested OXTR markers in the case–control analysis. We found the OXTR_rs237885 AA genotype carriers to score higher than AC or CC genotype carriers on the callous-unemotional traits. This result remained significant following correction for multiple testing. No other markers were found to be significant. However, the haplotype consisting of the OXTR_rs237885 A allele and OXTR_rs2268493 A allele was associated with significantly higher callous-unemotionals cores than other haplotypes. This is the first known study to show a significant association between callous unemotional traits in children and adolescents with extreme, persistent pervasive aggression and a polymorphism on the oxytocin receptor. Given the small sample size and the possibility of false positive effects, the need to replicate and verify these findings is required.
authors.affiliation: Child, Youth and Family Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room 125, Toronto, Canada. Joe_Beitchman@camh.net
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beitchman
authors.forename: Clement C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zai
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berall
authors.forename: Behdin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowrouzi
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D000483:Alleles; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D002170:Canada; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009289:Narcissism; D010120:Oxytocics; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C569600:OXTR protein, human; D010120:Oxytocics; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D010121:Oxytocin