title: Acute retinal necrosis in the United Kingdom: results of a prospective surveillance study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the incidence of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) in the United Kingdom and to describe the demographics, management, and visual outcome in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study carried out by the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU) between September 2007 and October 2008. Initial and 6-month questionnaires were sent to UK ophthalmologists who reported cases of ARN via the monthly BOSU report card system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 45 confirmed cases (52 eyes) of ARN were reported in the 14-month study period, giving a minimum incidence of 0.63 cases per million population per year. There were 20 females and 25 males. Age ranged from 10 to 94 years. Eight patients had a history of herpetic CNS disease. Aqueous sampling was carried out in 13 patients, vitreous in 27, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 4. Varicella-zoster virus followed by herpes simplex were the most common causative agents. Treatment in 76% of the cases was with intravenous antivirals; however, 24% received only oral antivirals. In all, 47% of patients had intravitreal antiviral therapy. Visual outcome at 6 months was <6/60 in 48% of the affected eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimum incidence of ARN in the UK is 0.63 cases per million. Patients with a history of herpetic CNS disease should be warned to immediately report any visual symptoms. There is increased use of oral and intravitreal antivirals in initial treatment.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foot
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McAvoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000453:epidemiology; D006562:Herpes Zoster / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015882:Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents