title: The value of triple antibody (34βE12 + p63 + AMACR) cocktail stain in radical prostatectomy specimens with crushed surgical margins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triple antibody cocktail immunohistochemical staining is routinely used as an ancillary method to establish a diagnosis of prostate cancer in biopsies with small foci of atypical glands. Crush artefact can distort surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens, occasionally making it difficult to diagnose a positive margin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of a cocktail stain to distinguish carcinoma from benign prostatic glands at the edge of crushed margins in prostatectomy specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 radical prostatectomy specimens with crushed benign glands at the surgical margins, and 20 with crushed margins positive for carcinoma were retrieved from the pathology archives. The latter included 16 (80%) with positive apical margins, 2 (10%) incised intraprostatic margins, and 1 (5%) soft tissue margin. Two-colour triple antibody stain using a cocktail of antibodies against α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), high molecular weight keratin and p63 was performed on all the selected cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10/10 specimens with crushed benign glands, basal cell staining continued to be detectable, while AMACR staining was negative in all cases (0/10). In the positive margin cases, none of the crushed glands expressed basal cell marker staining (0/20), whereas 14/20 (70%) of the cases showed variable levels of AMACR positivity at the inked margin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-colour triple antibody cocktail stain is useful in the assessment of most, but not all, surgical margins with crushed artefact in prostatectomy specimens by helping to establish whether glands are malignant or benign.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. naglaadaoud@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Najla Al
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: Gangyong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Theodorus H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van der Kwast
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007633:Keratins / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases / Q000276:immunology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C121278:CK-34 beta E12; C115051:TP63 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D007633:Keratins; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases; C108352:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase