title: Reduction of two-photon holographic speckle using shift-averaging.
abstract: Holographic speckle is a major impediment for the emerging applications of multiphoton holographic projection in biomedical imaging, photo-stimulation and micromachining. Time averaging of multiple shifted versions of a single hologram ("shift-averaging") is a computationally-efficient method that was recently shown to deterministically eliminate holographic speckle in single-photon applications. Here, we extend these results and show, computationally and experimentally, that in two-photon holographic excitation shift-averaging also reduces holographic speckle better than "random" averaging of multiple calculated holograms.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, The Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matar
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Golan
authors.forename: Shy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoham
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted