title: New approaches to clarify antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract from Vernonia condensata leaves.
abstract: The present study was aimed at evaluating the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract from Vernonia condensata leaves in animal models, in order to afford a better understanding of these properties. The extract reduced the number of abdominal contortions at doses of 100 (51.00 ± 3.00), 200 (42.00 ± 2.98) and 400 mg/kg (39.00 ± 4.00). In formalin tests, a significant reduction in the licking time (p < 0.01) was observed in the first phase by 25.14 (200 mg/kg = 51.50 ± 4.44) and 31.15% (400 mg/kg = 48.00 ± 4.37). The doses of 100 (43.37 ± 5.15), 200 (34.62 ± 4.16) and 400 mg/kg (28.37 ± 3.98) inhibited (p < 0.001) the second phase. After 60 and 90 min of treatment, a dose of 400 mg/kg (10.13 ± 0.39 and 11.14 ± 1.33, respectively) increased the latency time. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg potentiated the sleeping time induced by diazepam, pentobarbital and meprobamate. The extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed anti-inflammatory effects by a decrease in paw edema. The extracts also reduced the exudate volume at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The leukocyte migration had significant effect (p < 0.001) at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. The completion of additional experiments in the investigation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of V. condensata allowed a better understanding of the central and peripheral mechanisms involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil. juceliabs@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Jucélia Barbosa
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Vanessa dos Santos
authors.initials: Vdos S
authors.lastname: Temponi
authors.forename: Felipe Valente
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Geórgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Assis Dias Alves
authors.forename: Dalyara Mendonça
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: de Matos
authors.forename: Carolina Miranda
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gasparetto
authors.forename: Antônia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: José de Jesus R G
authors.initials: Jde J
authors.lastname: de Pinho
authors.forename: Maria Silvana
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Orlando Vieira
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: de Sousa
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D032264:Veronica / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol