title: The effect of abdominal and pelvic floor muscle activation on urine flow in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interruption of urine flow during micturition has been used as an assessment of ability to voluntarily contract the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). However, the PFM are also activated during specific abdominal manoeuvres. This study aimed to assess the effect of similar abdominal manoeuvres on urine flow and compare this with the effect of PFM contraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy women, of mixed parity, contracted the abdominal muscles and the PFM during urine flow on separate occasions. Differences in urine flow were compared using paired t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants were able to interrupt the urine stream using both muscle activation patterns. There was no difference in the time taken to interrupt urine flow (p = 0.78) between the two patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide evidence that specific abdominal muscle manoeuvres influence urethral closure in continent women, and this is probably mediated by concurrent activation of PFM during the abdominal task.
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072. rsapsford@ozemail.com.au
authors.forename: Ruth R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sapsford
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014556:Urine; D014563:Urodynamics