title: Low prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Somali pastoral livestock, southeast Ethiopia.
abstract: A cross-sectional study of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) detected by the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) was conducted in livestock of the Somali region in southeast Ethiopia--in four pastoral associations from January to August 2009. In 94 herds, each of 15 cattle, camels, and goats was tested per herd leading to a total of 1,418 CIDT tested animals, with 421 cattle, 479 camels, and 518 goats. A herd was considered positive if it had at least one reactor. Prevalence per animal species was calculated using a xtgee model for each species. The individual animal prevalence was 2.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5-8.4], 0.4% (95% CI, 0.1-3%), and 0.2% (95% CI, 0.03-1.3) in cattle, camels, and goats, respectively. Prevalence of avian mycobacterium purified protein derivative (PPD) reactors in cattle, camels, and goats was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.2-2.0%), 10.0% (95% CI, 7.0-14.0%), and 1.9 (95% CI, 0.9-4.0%), respectively, whereby camels had an odds ratio of 16.5 (95% CI, 5.0-55.0) when compared to cattle. There was no significant difference between livestock species in BTB positivity. In the present study, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was low in Somali pastoral livestock in general and in camels and goats in particular. The high proportion of camel reactors to avian PPD needs further investigation of its impact on camel production.
authors.affiliation: Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia. balako.gumi-donde@stud.unibas.ch
authors.forename: Balako
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gumi
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schelling
authors.forename: Rebuma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Firdessa
authors.forename: Girume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erenso
authors.forename: Demelash
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biffa
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aseffa
authors.forename: Rea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tschopp
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yamuah
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zinsstag
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus; D002417:Cattle; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006041:Goats; D007428:Intradermal Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D058751:Livestock; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014374:Tuberculin Test / Q000662:veterinary; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology*