title: Relationship between gross motor and intellectual function in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between gross motor and intellectual function in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occupational therapy clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with CP (N=662; 281 girls, 381 boys; age range, 3-14y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intelligence testing was carried out by means of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Gross motor function level was determined by the Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCS E&R).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the children, 10.4% were at level I of the GMFCS E&R, 38% at levels II and III, and 51.5% at levels IV and V. The lowest level of intelligence or profound intellectual disability was found in children with spastic quadriplegia (n=28, 62.2%). Children at the lowest levels (I-IV, GMFCS E&R) obtained higher ratings in terms of intelligence in comparison with children at level V. Based on the present results, the diagnosis was statistically related to the intellectual level as dependent variable (P<.01); accordingly, hypotonic, quadriplegic, and hemiplegic patients had the highest odds to assign higher ratings in abnormal intelligence, respectively. Sex and age were not statistically related to the dependent variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results demonstrated a significant association between GMFCS E&R and intellectual function. Therefore, we suggest that particular attention should be paid to the intellectual level in terms of evaluations of gross motor function. These results, in respect, might be interested for occupational and physical therapists who are involved in rehabilitation programs for these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dalvand
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hadian
authors.forename: Awat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feizy
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*