title: Differences in temperament and character dimensions of personality between patients with Hwa-byung, an anger syndrome, and patients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined differences in temperament and character dimensions of personality between patients with Hwa-byung (HB) and those with major depressive disorder (MDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 144 participants, 96 completed the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short (TCI-RS) and the Hwa-byung Scale. We diagnosed participants according to the DSM-IV and the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Hwa-byung. We compared TCI scores between the HB group (with or without MDD; N=55) and the MDD-only group (N=41) and correlated them with the total scores on six HB-specific symptoms (global HB severity) on the Hwa-byung Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to patients with only MDD, patients with HB with or without MDD exhibited significantly higher scores on Impulsiveness; Harm Avoidance (HA) and its subscales of Anticipatory Worry; and Self-Transcendence (ST), with its subscale of Self-Forgetfulness. However, HB patients had lower scores on Self-Directedness, with its subscales of Responsibility, and Self-Acceptance; and Acceptance. Moreover, Global HB Severity had significant, positive correlations with ST, its subscale Self-Forgetfulness, and Anticipatory Worry but negative correlations with Attachment and Compassion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are cross-sectional and self-reported, so they are subject to personal perceptual bias. The number of participants may be too low for us to generalize the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HB is a different clinical entity from MDD in relation to personality traits, and that symptoms unique to HB are closely correlated with ST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-shi, Kyounggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jieun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Kil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Keung-Hyang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Borah
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sang-Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Kyou
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Shin-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000786:Anger; D002605:Character; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006252:Hate; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D013577:Syndrome; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult