title: Efficacy and safety of additional 200-mg dose of celecoxib in adult patients with postoperative pain following extraction of impacted third mandibular molar: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II study in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although third mandibular molar extraction is a widely used and validated model of acute pain for evaluating analgesic efficacy, a large proportion of patients experience moderate or severe pain following this procedure and require analgesia. Current treatment options have been associated with safety concerns and alternative therapies are sought.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of an additional 200-mg dose of celecoxib, administered 5 to 12 hours after an initial 400-mg dose of the drug for the treatment of moderate or severe acute pain following extraction of an impacted third mandibular molar.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase II study. Patients experiencing moderate or severe pain within 1 to 2 hours following extraction of an impacted third mandibular molar received an initial 400-mg dose of celecoxib. Patients requiring additional analgesia were subsequently randomized to receive either an additional 200-mg dose of celecoxib or placebo 5 to 12 hours after the initial dose. The study was designed and conducted by Pfizer Inc. for approval of celecoxib in Japan for the indication of acute pain. The primary end point was the patient's impression of efficacy (4-category global evaluation scale). Secondary efficacy end points included pain intensity on a 4-category pain intensity scale, pain intensity on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), and the pain intensity difference (100-mm VAS). In an exploratory analysis, use of rescue medication was evaluated. Primary and secondary end points were analyzed using the full analysis set. Assessment of the safety profile included a physical examination, measurement of pulse rate and blood pressure, standard 12-lead ECG, and laboratory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 69 patients (celecoxib, 42/64 [65.6%]; placebo, 27/58 [46.6%]) received the additional dose of study medication; all completed the study without the need for rescue medication. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the celecoxib 200 mg group (41/64 [64.1%]) compared with the placebo group (15/58 [25.9%]) rated the study medication as "good" or "excellent" ≥ 2 hours after the additional dose (P < 0.0001). Pain intensity (VAS) 2 hours after the additional dose was significantly higher in the placebo group than in the celecoxib 200 mg group (P = 0.0003). The reduction in pain intensity from baseline to 2 hours after the additional dose of study medication was also significantly greater in the celecoxib 200 mg group than in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of treatment-related, all-cause adverse events was slightly lower in patients receiving celecoxib 200 mg (20.3%) compared with placebo (31.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, an additional 200-mg dose of celecoxib was well tolerated and efficacious in reducing the pain associated with extraction of an impacted third mandibular molar in the study population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01062113.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ksaitoh@east.ntt.co.jp
authors.forename: Ken'ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Machii
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib