title: Preliminary evaluation of a commercially available videogame system as an adjunct therapeutic intervention for improving balance among children and adolescents with lower limb amputations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the safety, feasibility, and balance performance effects of a 4-week home-based balance therapy program using a commercially available videogame system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot study involving a preintervention and postintervention design was conducted with measurements taken at baseline, immediately postintervention (week 5), and at follow-up (week 13) for retention.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital outpatient clinic and participants' places of residence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and adolescents with unilateral lower limb amputation (n=6; 3 transfemoral [TF] and 3 Van Ness) and age-matched, typically developing individuals (n=10) for baseline comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two videogames involving weight shifting in standing were each played at home for 20 min/d, 4d/wk for a period of 4 weeks. A physical therapist provided initial instruction and monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postural control characteristics using center of pressure (COP) displacements during quiet standing; functional balance using the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M); and compliance, safety, and feasibility using custom questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average playing times for the first 3 weeks ranged from 16.0 to 21.1 minutes for the 2 games. At baseline, the children and adolescents with TF amputation had substantially greater COP displacements than the Van Ness group and typically developing children and adolescents. Immediately postintervention, the COP displacements decreased in the TF amputees, resulting in values that were closer to those of the typically developing children. The average increase in CB&M score from baseline to follow-up was 6 points across participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-home, videogame-based balance training therapies can achieve excellent compliance in children and adolescents with lower limb amputation. With proper instructions and monitoring, the therapeutic intervention can be safely administered. Some improvements in postural control characteristics were seen in children and adolescents with balance deficits immediately postintervention, but long-term retention remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. jan.andrysek@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andrysek
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klejman
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinnagel
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torres-Moreno
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Zabjek
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Salbach
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moody
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000674:Amputees; D002648:Child; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D018910:Video Games