title: Transformation of videocapsule images to detect small bowel mucosal differences in celiac versus control patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Videocapsule endoscopy can be useful to detect small intestinal pathology in celiac disease patients. However, presence of extraneous features including air bubbles and opaque fluids can complicate the analysis. A technique for quantitative analysis of videocapsule images is presented that is robust to presence of extraneous features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Videocapsule clips were acquired from five small intestinal locations in 12 celiacs with villous atrophy and 11 control patients. Clips were 200 frames in length, their resolution was 576 × 576 pixels and 256 grayscale levels, with 2/s frame rate. The dominant period (DP), defined as the tallest peak in the ensemble average power spectrum, was computed over each clip without removal of extraneous features. Ensemble average basis images were constructed, and measurements were made of their frame-to-frame variation in brightness and texture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From pooled basis images, celiac images had greater texture than controls and exhibited more brightness variation (p<0.05 in mean and p<0.01 in standard deviation). In celiacs, correlation existed between greater textural alterations versus longer DP (r²=0.47), and between greater brightness variation and longer DP (r²=0.33). There was no significant correlation between quantitative features and DP in controls (r²<0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using this new method, celiac videoclips were quantitatively distinguishable from control videoclips without manual or computer-assisted detection, masking, and removal of extraneous image features. Furthermore, in celiac but not control basis images, larger textural and brightness alterations were correlated to longer DP. Greater textural and brightness alterations, and thus longer periodicities, are likely related to presence of villous atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. ejc6@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ciaccio
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tennyson
authors.forename: Govind
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.forename: Suzanne K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Peter H R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*