title: Prevalence of and risk factors for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds in Ecuador.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds from Ecuador. A total of 2,367 serum samples from 346 herds were collected from June 2008 to February 2009. A questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle, health, management measures, and the environment, was filled out in each herd. Presence of antibodies against BRSV was analyzed using a commercial indirect ELISA test. A logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with BRSV at herd level. The individual seroprevalence against BRSV in non-vaccinated herds in Ecuador was 80.48% [1,905/2,367; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 78.9-82.1]. The herd prevalence was 91.3% (316/346; 95% CI = 88.3-94.3), and the intra-herd prevalence ranged between 25% and 100% (mean, 90.47%). The logistic regression model showed that the existence of bordering cattle farms, the dual-purpose farms, and the altitude of the farm (more than 2,338 m above sea level) were risk factors associated with BRSV infection. This is the first study about BRSV prevalence in Ecuador. It shows the wide spread of the BRSV infection in the country. The risk factors found will help to design effective control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación, Transferencia de Tecnología, Extensión y Servicios Agropecuarios, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Luis Rodrigo
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Saa
authors.forename: Anselmo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perea
authors.forename: Diego Vinicio
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jara
authors.forename: Antonio José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garcia-Bocanegra
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borge
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carbonero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003612:Dairying; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D016015:Logistic Models; D015995:Prevalence; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D018112:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral