title: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms in Chinese females.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol dehydrogenase-IB (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) are the key enzymes for elimination of ethanol and acetaldehyde, the latter being an established animal carcinogen produced after drinking. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms to the risk of esophageal squamous cell (ESCC) in Chinese females.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 pathologically-proven female ESCC cases and 162 female controls were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Armed Police Forces of PRC in China. ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-CTPP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those with ADH1B*2/*2, individuals with ADH2*1/*2 and ADH2*1/*1 had 1.47 and 2.36-fold, respectively, increased risk of developing ESCC (95%CI=0.84-2.58, 95%CI=1.14-5.79) after adjusting for alcohol consumption and other covariates. Significantly increased risk was also noted among subjects with ALDH2*1/*2 (adjusted OR=3.24, 95%CI=1.45-5.36), when compared to those with ALDH2*1/*1. Risk was greater in heavy drinking females carrying ADH1B *1/*1 or ALDH2*1/*2 genotypes compared to those with ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*1/*1. Moreover, we found a significant trend of ESCC risk with alcoholic consumption in women with ALDH2*1/*2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese women with ADH1B *1/*1 or ALDH2*1/*2 have elevated risk of ESCC similarly to men. Women with inactive ADH1B and ALDH2 should reduce drinking and increase their intake of vegetable and fruit to prevent development of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China. yulin.wang@yahoo.cn
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Runli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Linyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yamei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Ruitao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhengyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Baiqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shihai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial