title: Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) loaded with morin-phospholipid complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a poorly water-soluble drug, the oral application of morin is limited by its low oral bioavailability. In this study, a new self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), based on the phospholipid complex technique, was developed to improve the oral bioavailability of morin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morin-phospholipid complex (MPC) was prepared by a solvent evaporation method and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. After formation of MPC, it was found that the liposolubility of morin was significantly increased, as verified through solubility studies. An orthogonal design was employed to screen the blank SNEDDS, using emulsifying rate and particle size as evaluation indices. Ternary phase diagrams were then constructed to investigate the effects of drug loading on the self-emulsifying performance of the optimized blank SNEDDS. Subsequently, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of the morin-phospholipid complex self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (MPC-SNEDDS) were investigated in Wistar rats (200 mg/kg of morin by oral administration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimum formulation was composed of Labrafil(®) M 1944 CS, Cremophor(®) RH 40, and Transcutol(®) P (3:5:3, w/w), which gave a mean particle size of approximately 140 nm. Oral delivery of the MPC-SNEDDS exhibited a significantly greater C(max) (28.60 μg/mL) than the morin suspension (5.53 μg/mL) or MPC suspension (23.74 μg/mL) (all P < 0.05). T(max) was prolonged from 0.48 to 0.77 hours and to 1 hour for MPC and MPC-SNEDDS, respectively. In addition, the relative oral bioavailability of morin formulated in the MPC-SNEDDS was 6.23-fold higher than that of the morin suspension, and was significantly higher than that of the MPC suspension (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that a SNEDDS combined with the phospholipid complex technique was a promising strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of morin.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Sanjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Zhirong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010316:Particle Size; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D047309:Flavones
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D005419:Flavonoids; D005989:Glycerides; D010743:Phospholipids; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C514708:Labrafil M 1944 CS; C022131:cremophor; C008548:morin; D047309:Flavones; C010111:carbitol