title: Reactive oxygen species are involved in gibberellin/abscisic acid signaling in barley aleurone cells.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signal molecules for a variety of processes in plants. However, many questions about the roles of ROS in plants remain to be clarified. Here, we report the role of ROS in gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone cells. The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a type of ROS, was induced by GA in aleurone cells but suppressed by ABA. Furthermore, exogenous H2O2 appeared to promote the induction of α-amylases by GA. In contrast, antioxidants suppressed the induction of α-amylases. Therefore, H2O2 seems to function in GA and ABA signaling, and in regulation of α-amylase production, in aleurone cells. To identify the target of H2O2 in GA and ABA signaling, we analyzed the interrelationships between H2O2 and DELLA proteins Slender1 (SLN1), GA-regulated Myb transcription factor (GAmyb), and ABA-responsive protein kinase (PKABA) and their roles in GA and ABA signaling in aleurone cells. In the presence of GA, exogenous H2O2 had little effect on the degradation of SLN1, the primary transcriptional repressor mediating GA signaling, but it promoted the production of the mRNA encoding GAMyb, which acts downstream of SLN1 and involves induction of α-amylase mRNA. Additionally, H2O2 suppressed the production of PKABA mRNA, which is induced by ABA:PKABA represses the production of GAMyb mRNA. From these observations, we concluded that H2O2 released the repression of GAMyb mRNA by PKABA and consequently promoted the production of α-amylase mRNA, thus suggesting that the H2O2 generated by GA in aleurone cells is a signal molecule that antagonizes ABA signaling.
authors.affiliation: Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. yushi@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tawaratsumida
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasa
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Shao-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwaya-Inoue
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001467:Hordeum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000516:alpha-Amylases