title: Clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of a choroidal pigmented schwannoma in the context of a PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the first case of choroidal schwannoma in a patient affected by PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) and investigate the molecular involvement of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and neurofibromin 2 (NF2) genes in this rare intraocular tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-year-old girl diagnosed with PHTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The enucleated specimen underwent histologic, immunohistochemical, and transmission electronic microscopy. The expression of PTEN and NF2 and their protein products were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Somatic mutations of PTEN and NF2, as well as allelic loss, were investigated by direct sequencing of DNA extracted from the tumor. PTEN epigenetic silencing was investigated by pyrosequencing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histopathologic and molecular characterization of a choroidal pigmented schwannoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic analysis demonstrated features consistent with a pigmented cellular schwannoma of the choroid. We found no loss of heterozygosity at the genomic level for the PTEN germline mutation and no promoter hypermethylation or other somatic intragenic mutations. However, we observed an approximate 40% reduction of PTEN expression at both the mRNA and the protein level, indicating that the tumor was nonetheless functionally deficient for PTEN. Although DNA sequencing of NF2 failed to identify any pathologic variants, its expression was abolished within the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the first description of a pigmented choroidal schwannoma in the context of a PHTS. This rare tumor showed a unique combination of reduction of PTEN and absence of NF2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.forename: Alexandre P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deprez
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uffer
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottani
authors.forename: Leonidas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zografos
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivolta
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D006223:Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D025581:Neurofibromin 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D025581:Neurofibromin 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human