title: Combination therapy for hypertension in the elderly: a sub-analysis of the Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events (COPE) Trial.
abstract: The Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events (COPE) trial demonstrated that the calcium-channel blocker benidipine-based combination therapies with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), a β-blocker, or a thiazide diuretic (thiazide) were similarly effective in preventing cardiovascular events and achieving the target blood pressure (BP; <140/90 mm Hg). We further evaluated the efficacy and safety of these combination therapies in older (65 years) and younger (<65 years) hypertensive patients. In this sub-analysis of the COPE trial 3293 patients (153365 years old and 1760 <65 years old) were randomly assigned to receive benidipine-based therapy with an ARB, a β-blocker or a thiazide. In each group, the average BP did not differ among the three treatment groups. The incidence of the primary cardiovascular composite end point in the older group was higher than in the younger group (12.7 vs. 8.3 per 1000 person-years, P=0.023). The primary composite cardiovascular end point, achievement (%) of target BP, and cardiovascular hard composite end points were similar among the three treatment groups. However, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals in older patients were 2.74 (1.08-6.96; β-blocker vs. thiazide, P=0.022) for fatal and non-fatal stroke, and 2.47 (1.03-5.91; β-blocker vs. ARB, P=0.043) for new-onset diabetes. Thus, benidipine combined with an ARB, a β-blocker, or a thiazide was similarly effective in preventing cardiovascular events and achieving the target BP in both older and younger hypertensive patients. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate the usefulness of benidipine combined with a β-blocker in terms of the incidence of stroke and new-onset diabetes in older patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: Masunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemoto
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rakugi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Jitsuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: Sadayoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saruta
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; C061004:benidipine