title: Bipolar disorder: "pure" versus mixed depression over a 1-year follow-up.
abstract: To compare two samples of Bipolar (BD) patients presenting "pure" (D) and mixed (Mx) depression to assess any difference in terms of clinical outcome, social functioning and quality of life during a 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  
  A total of 114 depressed outpatients (HDRS > 13) were included. "Pure" depressed (D, n = 76) were divided from "mixed" depressed (Mx, n = 38) by the number of concomitant manic symptoms. All patients were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), the Social Adjustment Self-reported Scale (SASS) and the Quality of Life Scale (QoL), at baseline and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment.
  
  
  
  Mx patients were significantly younger at the onset of BD. Manic features persisted significantly higher in Mx than in D patients all over the follow-up period. Axis I comorbidities had a negative impact on the course of social functioning over the medium term period, while Mx patients showed a faster improvement in social adjustment than "pure" depressed patients.
  
  
  
  Mixed features may persist relatively stable throughout a depressive episode, having a negative impact over clinical and functional outcome, but not on social adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Bipolar Disorders Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandelli
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zaninotto
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Nicola
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinotti
authors.forename: Desiree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harnic
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruschi
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bria
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serretti
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janiri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012917:Social Adjustment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents