title: Oxidative stress based-biomarkers in oral carcinogenesis: how far have we gone?
abstract: Oral cancer accounts for 2-3% of all malignancies and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. On the other hand, "oxidative stress" implies a cellular state whereby reactive oxygen species (ROS) production exceeds its metabolism resulting in excessive ROS accumulation and overwhelmed cellular defenses. Such a state has been shown to be involved in the multistage process of human carcinogenesis (including oral cancer) via many different mechanisms. Amongst them are ROS-induced oxidative modifications on major cellular macromolecules like DNA, proteins and lipids with the resulting byproducts being involved in the pathophysiology of human oral malignant and pre-malignant lesions. Throughout this manuscript, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of these oxidative-modified cellular byproducts in serving as reliable biomarkers for oral cancer detection, prognosis and diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Suez Canal, Alexandria 21524, Egypt.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanafi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anestopoulos
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Voulgaridou
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Georgakilas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziech
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malamou-Mitsi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Panayiotidis
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species