title: [Stress and cardiovascular disease].
abstract: Risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been studied intensely since the 1950s. Results on stress as a risk factor for CVD have been inconsistent, but mainly positive. The risk is mediated through lifestyle, but more direct physiological mechanisms (e.g. autonomous nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) are also found. Personality and general coping resources influence stress-appraisal, stress-coping and stress-response. Future studies should integrate stress as a cause (stressor), as a subjective reaction (perception), and as a physiological reaction in the same longitudinal studies with repeated measures.
authors.affiliation: Forskningscenter for Forebyggelse og Sundhed, Glostrup Hospital, Ndr. Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. jeaebs01@glo.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Jeanette Frost
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ebstrup
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D008019:Life Style; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology