title: Two PI 3-kinases and one PI 3-phosphatase together establish the cyclic waves of phagosomal PtdIns(3)P critical for the degradation of apoptotic cells.
abstract: Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) is a signaling molecule important for many membrane trafficking events, including phagosome maturation. The level of PtdIns(3)P on phagosomes oscillates in two waves during phagosome maturation. However, the physiological significance of such oscillation remains unknown. Currently, the Class III PI 3-kinase (PI3K) Vps34 is regarded as the only kinase that produces PtdIns(3)P in phagosomal membranes. We report here that, in the nematode C. elegans, the Class II PI3K PIKI-1 plays a novel and crucial role in producing phagosomal PtdIns(3)P. PIKI-1 is recruited to extending pseudopods and nascent phagosomes prior to the appearance of PtdIns(3)P in a manner dependent on the large GTPase dynamin (DYN-1). PIKI-1 and VPS-34 act in sequence to provide overlapping pools of PtdIns(3)P on phagosomes. Inactivating both piki-1 and vps-34 completely abolishes the production of phagosomal PtdIns(3)P and disables phagosomes from recruiting multiple essential maturation factors, resulting in a complete arrest of apoptotic-cell degradation. We have further identified MTM-1, a PI 3-phosphatase that antagonizes the activities of PIKI-1 and VPS-34 by down-regulating PtdIns(3)P on phagosomes. Remarkably, persistent appearance of phagosomal PtdIns(3)P, as a result of inactivating mtm-1, blocks phagosome maturation. Our findings demonstrate that the proper oscillation pattern of PtdIns(3)P on phagosomes, programmed by the coordinated activities of two PI3Ks and one PI 3-phosphatase, is critical for phagosome maturation. They further shed light on how the temporally controlled reversible phosphorylation of phosphoinositides regulates the progression of multi-step cellular events.
authors.affiliation: Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Lukas J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Neukomm
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; C055525:phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins