title: Association of baseline sex hormone levels with baseline and longitudinal changes in waist-to-hip ratio: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is strongly associated with prevalent atherosclerosis. We analyzed the associations of baseline serum levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with WHR in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data was available for 3144 men and 2038 postmenopausal women, who were non-users of hormone therapy, who were 45-84 years of age, and of White, Chinese, Black or Hispanic racial/ethnic groups. Of these, 2708 men and 1678 women also had longitudinal measurements of WHR measured at the second and/or the third study visits (median follow-up 578 days and 1135 days, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cross-sectional analyses adjusted for age, race and cardiovascular disease risk factors, T was negatively associated with baseline WHR in men, whereas in both sexes, E2 was positively associated and SHBG was negatively associated with WHR (all P<0.001). In longitudinal analyses, further adjusted for follow-up time and baseline WHR, baseline T was negatively associated with WHR at follow-up (P=0.001) in men, whereas in both sexes, E2 was positively associated (P=0.004) and SHBG was negatively associated with WHR (P<0.001). The longitudinal association of E2, but not T, was independent of SHBG. In cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses, there were no associations between DHEA and WHR in either men or women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex hormones are associated with WHR at baseline and also during follow-up above and beyond their baseline association. Future research is needed to determine if manipulation of hormones is associated with changes in central obesity.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. dvaidya1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gapstur
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ouyang
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone