title: Remote ischemic precondition preserves cerebral oxygen tension during hypothermic circulatory arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a novel and promising method of mitigating neurological injury. In previous animal studies, RIPC has provided substantial neuroprotective effects. We hypothesized that the promising neuroprotective properties were a consequence of a better oxygen consumption profile during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six 7-week-old female pigs were randomly assigned to undergo the 60 minutes of HCA with the right hind leg receiving transient RIPC preoperatively and six animals were assigned to a control group that underwent 60 minutes of HCA without any preconditioning. A combined temperature/oxygen-tension probe was inserted into the parietal cortex of each animal to monitor cerebral oxygen tension during experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RIPC group had significantly higher cerebral oxygen tension readings throughout the HCA. Statistically significant differences were measured from the 20 minute time point onwards in every time point up to the 60 minute time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that RIPC performed before HCA conserves the cerebral oxygen tension during a circulatory arrest. RIPC could possibly prolong the safe operating time during HCA as cerebral oxygen content is preserved throughout circulatory arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, OYS Finland.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yannopoulos
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: Oiva
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arvola
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haapanen
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiviluoma
authors.forename: Tatu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juvonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000098:blood supply*; D050792:Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen