title: Recent advances in pneumococcal peptidoglycan biosynthesis suggest new vaccine and antimicrobial targets.
abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious human respiratory pathogen that has the capacity to evade capsule-based vaccines and to develop multidrug antibiotic resistance. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and regulation of peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis that result in ellipsoid-shaped, ovococcus Streptococcus cells. New results support a two-state model for septal and peripheral PG synthesis at mid-cell, involvement of essential cell division proteins in PG remodeling, and mid-cell localization of proteins that organize PG biosynthesis and that form the protein translocation apparatus. PG biosynthesis proteins have already turned up as promising vaccine candidates and targets of antibiotics. Properties of several recently characterized proteins that mediate or regulate PG biosynthesis suggest a source of additional targets for therapies against pneumococcus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
authors.forename: Lok-To
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: Ho-Ching T
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Adrian D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Skye M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barendt
authors.forename: Malcolm E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Winkler
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines