title: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Roma and non-Roma psychiatric outpatients in Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in psychiatric symptoms are often reported between minority and majority groups. The aim of this study was to compare Roma psychiatric outpatients who are Greek citizens living in Thrace (Greece) with outpatients belonging to the 'majority Greek group' with respect to socio-demographic characteristics, psychopathological symptoms and psychiatric diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 122 Roma and 132 majority Greek patients visiting the Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic at the University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece, were examined with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R (SCID-I), the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) and the Derogatis Psychiatric Rating Scale (DPRS). Only those with a psychiatric diagnosis were retained in the analyses. The two groups of patients were compared in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics, their diagnoses and their scores on the DPRS symptom dimensions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to the majority group, Roma patients were younger, more often women, less educated, married, parents of more children, without social security coverage; The Roma group had higher scores on many DPRS symptom dimensions such as somatisation, hostility, sleep disturbance, phobic anxiety, psychoticism, psychomotor retardation, hysterical behaviour and abjection-disinterest. In addition, Roma women presented psychotic and bipolar disorders less often than the majority group women. Symptoms did not differ by ethnic group for those seeking medical certification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Roma patients face serious social problems and show greater levels of symptoms than the majority group. The limitations of this include that the sample was not representative of the general psychiatric patient population and language, as well as other cultural and educational barriers, might have obscured important aspects of the Roma people's psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece. theofanisvorvolakos@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vorvolakos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samakouri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tripsianis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsatalmpasidou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arvaniti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terzoudi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Livaditis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010556:Personality Tests; D011203:Poverty; D011287:Prejudice; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology