title: Comparing closed quotient in children singers' voices as measured by high-speed-imaging, electroglottography, and inverse filtering.
abstract: The closed quotient, i.e., the ratio between the closed phase and the period, is commonly studied in voice research. However, the term may refer to measures derived from different methods, such as inverse filtering, electroglottography or high-speed digital imaging (HSDI). This investigation compares closed quotient data measured by these three methods in two boy singers. Each singer produced sustained tones on two different pitches and a glissando. Audio, electroglottographic signal (EGG), and HSDI were recorded simultaneously. The audio signal was inverse filtered by means of the decap program; the closed phase was defined as the flat minimum portion of the flow glottogram. Glottal area was automatically measured in the high speed images by the built-in camera software, and the closed phase was defined as the flat minimum portion of the area-signal. The EGG-signal was analyzed in four different ways using the matlab open quotient interface. The closed quotient data taken from the EGG were found to be considerably higher than those obtained from inverse filtering. Also, substantial differences were found between the closed quotient derived from HSDI and those derived from inverse filtering. The findings illustrate the importance of distinguishing between these quotients.
authors.affiliation: Hochschule für Musik und Theater Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy Leipzig, Dittrichring 21, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany. ann-christine.mecke@hmt-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Ann-Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mecke
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Svante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Granqvist
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echternach
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014732:Vibration; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*