title: The relationship between the severity of depressive symptoms and diabetes-related emotional distress in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between the severity of depressive symptoms and the burden through diabetes care, or diagnosed diabetes in patients with type 2 diabetes, irrespective of the diabetic complications and glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 126 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, and Short Form-36 (SF-36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factor with a significant impact on the BDI-II score in the multiple regression model was the PAID score (standardized coefficient =0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.21). The factors having a significant impact on the physical component summary of SF-36 (PCS) in the multiple regression model were BDI-II score (-0.95; 95% CI, -1.32 - -0.58), age (-0.43; 95% CI, -0.61 - -0.25), and the number of complicated macroangiopathies (-8.90; 95% CI, -12.71 - -5.08). The factors with a significant impact on the mental component summary of SF-36 (MCS) in the multiple regression model were BDI-II score (-0.90; 95% CI, -1.16 - -0.65) and age (0.13; 95% CI, 0.00-0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that diabetes-related emotional distress is significantly related to the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes, independent of the severity of complications and glycemic control. Moreover, the severity of depressive symptoms is negatively correlated with comprehensive health-related QOL in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinicians need to consider factors other than indices of metabolic control and diabetic complications, in determining the adverse effects of depressive symptoms on the physical QOL of patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan. hsytakumi@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nukariya
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index