title: An overview of the hemodynamic aspects of the blood flow in the venous outflow tract of the arteriovenous fistula.
abstract: Upper limb vein aneurysms complicate all types of autogenous arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) and comprise false aneurysms secondary to venipuncture trauma as well as true aneurysms, characterized by dilatation of native veins. The dilatation of a normal vein and the development of a true aneurysm are strongly influenced by local hemodynamic factors affecting the flow in the drainage venous system and are also the target of operative interventions. This review article focuses on the description of these hemodynamic aspects which all physicians involved in the management of dialysis patients should be aware of. Furthermore, it delineates their complicated interactions and also highlights their utility in clinical decision-making and therapeutic management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, "Democritus" University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece. efstratiosgeorg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Efstratios I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Georgakarakos
authors.forename: Konstantinos C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kapoulas
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.forename: Adamantios S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tsangaris
authors.forename: Evagelos S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulos
authors.forename: Miltos K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lazarides
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011677:Punctures; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery