title: Modeling the growth rate and lag time of different strains of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat lettuce.
abstract: The growth parameters (growth rate, μ and lag time, λ) of three different strains each of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in minimally processed lettuce (MPL) and their changes as a function of temperature were modeled. MPL were packed under modified atmosphere (5% O₂, 15% CO₂ and 80% N₂), stored at 7-30 °C and samples collected at different time intervals were enumerated for S. enterica and L. monocytogenes. Growth curves and equations describing the relationship between μ and λ as a function of temperature were constructed using the DMFit Excel add-in and through linear regression, respectively. The predicted growth parameters for the pathogens observed in this study were compared to ComBase, Pathogen modeling program (PMP) and data from the literature. High R² values (0.97 and 0.93) were observed for average growth curves of different strains of pathogens grown on MPL. Secondary models of μ and λ for both pathogens followed a linear trend with high R² values (>0.90). Root mean square error (RMSE) showed that the models obtained are accurate and suitable for modeling the growth of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes in MP lettuce. The current study provides growth models for these foodborne pathogens that can be used in microbial risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. assantana@usp.br
authors.forename: Anderson S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sant'Ana
authors.forename: Bernadette D G M
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Schaffner
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods; D061353:Food Storage / Q000379:methods; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors