title: Is the food frequency questionnaire suitable to assess micronutrient intake adequacy for infants, children and adolescents?
abstract: The objective of this study was to review how accurately micronutrient intakes in infants, children, and adolescents were assessed with validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) to which study quality criteria had been applied. The methodology and the analysis presented were based on several research activities carried out within the European Micronutrient Recommendation Aligned Network of Excellence. The analysis was limited to vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin B₁₂, folate, selenium, iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, and copper. A search strategy was defined in MEDLINE and EMBASE literature for studies validating FFQs that estimated intakes of micronutrients being evaluated. Identification of at least three validation studies per micronutrient was required to be included in the analysis. A total score for each nutrient was calculated from the mean of the correlation coefficients weighted by the quality of the study, which included a quality score that was based on sample size, statistics used, data collection procedure, consideration of seasonality and supplement use, an adjustment/weighting of the correlation coefficient according to the quality score, and a rating of the adjusted/weighted correlation. When the mean weighted correlation coefficient was equal to or higher than 0.5, micronutrient intake was considered as adequately estimated. Sufficient validation studies were identified for vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B₁₂, iron, zinc, and calcium for infants and pre-school children, and vitamin C, calcium, and iron for older children and adolescents. Results showed that the FFQ was a good instrument for estimating intake of vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, zinc and iron in infants and pre-school children, and for estimating calcium and vitamin C in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Community Nutrition Research Centre of Nutrition Research Foundation, University of Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roman-Viñas
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Andrellucchi
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Villegas
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peña Quintana
authors.forename: Luis A Moreno
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Aznar
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermoso
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D052756:Nutritional Sciences; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients