title: The role of nitrogen deposition in the recent nitrate decline in lakes and rivers in Northern Italy.
abstract: Deposition of inorganic nitrogen (N) in north-western Italy is around 20-25 kg N ha(-1)y(-1), and has remained constant during the last 30 years. This flux of N caused saturation of terrestrial catchments and increasing levels of nitrate (NO(3)) in surface waters. Recently, monitoring data for both rivers and lakes have shown a reversal in NO(3) trends. This change was widespread, affecting high-altitude lakes in the Alps and subalpine lakes and rivers, and occurred at almost the same time at all sites. The seasonal pattern of NO(3) concentrations in running waters has shown a change in the last few years, with a tendency towards slightly lower leaching of NO(3) during the growing season. Atmospheric input of N has also shown a recent decrease, mainly due to decreasing emissions and partly to the lower amount of precipitation occurring between 2003 and 2009. Surface waters are probably responding to these changing N inputs, but a further decrease of N deposition, especially reduced N, will be required to achieve full recovery from N saturation.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Ecosystem Study, L.go Tonolli 50, I-28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy. m.rogora@ise.cnr.it
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogora
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arisci
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchetto
mesh_terms: D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D007558:Italy; D060106:Lakes; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical