title: Protein kinase C and oxidative stress in an animal model of mania.
abstract: The present study aims to investigate the effects of protein kinase C using the inhibitor Tamoxifen (TMX) on oxidative stress in a rat animal model of mania induced by d-amphetamine (d-AMPH). In the reversal model, d-AMPH or saline (Sal) were administered to rats for 14 days, and between days 8-14, rats were treated with TMX or Sal. In the prevention model, rats were pretreated with TMX or Sal, and between days 8-14, d-AMPH or Sal were administrated. In both experiments locomotor activity and risk-taking behavior were assessed by open-field test and oxidative stress was measured in prefrontal, amygdala, hippocampus and striatum. The results showed that TMX reversed and prevented d- AMPH-induced behavioral effects. In addition, the d-AMPH administration induced oxidative damage in both structures tested in two models. The TMX was able to reverse and prevent this impairment, however in a way dependent of cerebral area and technique evaluated. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that PKC play an important role in the pathophysiology of BD and the need for the study of inhibitors of PKC as a possible target for treatment the BD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Valnier
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Steckert
authors.forename: Samira Silva
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Valvassori
authors.forename: Francielle
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mina
authors.forename: Jéssica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopes-Borges
authors.forename: Roger Bitencourt
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapczinski
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013629:Tamoxifen; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D003913:Dextroamphetamine