title: The use of Onyx for embolization of peripheral vascular malformations in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of congenital peripheral vascular malformations (VMs) can present a difficult therapeutic challenge. Endovascular transcatheter embolization of peripheral VMs is widely accepted as a first therapeutic option for many VMs. However, data describing the use of Onyx are limited in children with peripheral VMs. Our aim is to retrospectively evaluate the results of transcatheter arterial embolization with Onyx for peripheral VMs in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed clinical and imaging records of 16 patients who underwent 25 embolization procedures by using Onyx for peripheral VMs. In eight cases, embolization procedures were performed once; in seven cases, twice; and in one case, thrice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embolization was technically complete in 4 patients and incomplete in 12 patients. Clinically, complete success was achieved in nine patients, and partial success was achieved in six patients. In one patient, reflux to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries caused peripheral ischemia, and the patient was referred to undergo plastic surgery. There were no complications in the other 15 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With future studies to better characterize the safety profile of this agent in peripheral vasculature, embolization with Onyx may become a valuable treatment option for peripheral VMs in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. muratcantasdemir@gmail.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantasdemir
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gulsen
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.forename: Gokce Yalcin
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Gulsen
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kantarci
authors.forename: Furuzan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Numan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C450660:Onyx copolymer; D011145:Polyvinyls; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide