title: Laparoscopic reconstruction of iatrogenic-induced lower ureteric strictures: Does timing of repair influence the outcome?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Influence of timing of repair on outcome following laparoscopic reconstruction of lower ureteric strictures
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of timing of repair on outcome following laparoscopic reconstruction of lower ureteric strictures in our adult patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single surgeon operative experience in two institutes. Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were worked up in detail. All patients underwent cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography prior to laparoscopic approach. Patients were categorised into two groups: early repair (within seven days of inciting event) and delayed repair (after two weeks). Operative parameters and postoperative events were recorded. Postprocedure all patients were evaluated three monthly. Follow-up imaging was ordered at six months postoperatively. Improvement in renal function, resolution of hydronephrosis and unhindered drainage of contrast through the reconstructed unit on follow-up imaging was interpreted as a satisfactory outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean, standard deviation, equal variance t test, Mann Whitney Z test, Aspin-Welch unequal variance t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients (37 units, 36 unilateral and 1 simultaneous bilateral) underwent laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction of lower ureteric stricture following iatrogenic injury - 21 early repair (Group I) and 15 delayed repair (Group II). All patients were hemodynamically stable at presentation. Early repair was more technically demanding with increased operation duration. There was no difference in blood loss, operative complications, postoperative parameters, or longterm outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hemodynamically stable patients, laparoscopic repair of iatrogenically induced lower ureteric strictures can be conveniently undertaken without undue delay from the inciting event. Compared to delayed repairs, the procedure is technically more demanding but morbidity incurred and outcome is at par.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Lakeshore Hospital and PVS Memorial Hospital, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Krishanu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Krishnamohan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramaswami
authors.forename: Datson P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Jisha J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thachil