title: Analysis of scalp wound infections among craniocerebral trauma patients following the 2008 wenchuan earthquake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the causes of scalp wound infection, pathogen distribution,     characteristics of antimicrobial susceptibility and therapeutic measures     following craniocerebral trauma caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. MATERIAL     and
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the microbiology records of patients     admitted with craniocerebral trauma to the Department of Neurosurgery, West     China Hospital, Sichuan University. Scalp wound infections following     craniocerebral trauma were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total     of 82 patients suffered from scalp trauma in this study, including 52.4% cases     (43/82) with wound infections, mostly accompanied by severe foreign body     contamination, for which the time of first debridement was significantly     delayed. There were 59 strains of infectious pathogenic bacteria. Gram-positive     bacteria were the most common organisms found (64.4%), including strains of     Staphylococcus aureus (26/59, 44.1%) and strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis     (12/59, 20.3%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 35.6% of samples: 22.0%     (13/59) were strains of Enterobacter cloacae; 5.1% (3/59) were strains of     Klebsiella pneumoniae; and 8.5% (5/59) were strains of Serratia rubidaea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of scalp wound infections following earthquake-induced     craniocerebral trauma, which was dominated by Grampositive Staphylococcus aureus     infection, has been markedly elevated in recent years. Early debridement and     suturing, nutritional support and application of sensitive antibiotics can     augment the therapeutic effect.
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jiagang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000601:surgery*; D003646:Debridement; D055866:Earthquakes; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018529:Nutritional Support; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012535:Scalp / Q000293:injuries*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D013537:Sutures; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid