title: Sites of left and right ventricular lead implantation and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy observations from the REVERSE trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to ascertain the effects of the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular lead tip position in response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The REVERSE randomized trial examined the effects of CRT in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data collected from the active group (CRT-ON) of REVERSE in whom the precise locations of the LV and RV ventricular lead tips were determined from postoperative chest roentgenograms as part of a prespecified sub-study. LV position was classified as lateral or non-lateral, and apical or non-apical. RV position was classified as apical or non-apical. Echocardiographic LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVi), QRS duration, and clinical outcomes at 12-24 months of follow-up were evaluated with respect to the lead tip position. The primary trial endpoint was the proportion of patients with a worsened HF clinical composite response, scored as improved, unchanged, or worsened.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally 346 patients included in this analysis were followed for a median of 12.6 months (interquartile range: 11.9-23.9 months). The proportion of worsened HF clinical composite response did not correlate with lead position, whereas a significantly greater decrease in the powered secondary endpoint of LVESVi was observed with the non-apical vs. the apical LV lead positions. CRT-paced QRS duration was significantly shorter than at baseline in patients with lateral vs. non-lateral LV position, as well non-apical vs. apical LV position. The incidence of composite endpoint of death and first hospitalization for HF was lower in the LV lateral than in the non-lateral (HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.19-0.99; P= 0.04), and in the LV non-apical than in the apical group (HR 0.27; 95% CI 0.11-0.63; P= 0.001). No significant differences were observed between RV apical and non-apical positions of the lead tip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A more favourable outcome of CRT with regard to LV reverse remodelling and the composite of time to death or first HF hospitalization was observed when the LV lead tip was implanted in the lateral wall, away from the apex, while the position of the RV lead tip was indifferent. The long-term change in QRS duration was significantly associated with the position of the LV lead tip. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00271154.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,  University Hospital, CIC IT, INSERM 642, Rennes,  France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thébault
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donal
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerritse
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: J-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Daubert
mesh_terms: D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome