title: Microbiological contamination of spirometers - an exploratory study in general practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spirometry is an important tool when diagnosing chronic respiratory conditions in general practice. However, the equipment may harbour pathogenic micro-organisms and cross-transmission of aerolised pathogens could occur if hygiene measures are insufficient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed microbiological contamination in 16 spirometers from a convenience sample of South Australian general practices. Results We found potentially relevant microbiological contamination in three spirometers: two Pseudomonas spp.; one coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. and one Alcaligenes sp. Although the three practices concerned all reported to have a written spirometer cleaning protocol in place, the frequency of spirometer disinfection did not match the manufacturers'
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the small size of our study sample, we found potentially relevant microbiological contamination in 3 out of 16 spirometers from metropolitan general practices. The potential hazard of spirometers as reservoirs of microorganisms stresses the need for stricter attention to hygiene measures for spirometer maintenance in general practices.
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Respiratory Research Unit, Discipline of General Practice, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia. khancock@health.on.net
authors.forename: Kerry L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Tjard R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Schermer
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Crockett
mesh_terms: D000421:Alcaligenes; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058006:General Practice; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D011549:Pseudomonas; D013147:Spirometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013210:Staphylococcus