title: A systematic review of interventions to enhance the healing of chronic ulcers of the foot in diabetes.
abstract: The outcome of management of diabetic foot ulcers is poor, and there is continuing uncertainty concerning optimal approaches to management. It was for these reasons that in 2006 the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) working group on wound healing undertook a systematic review of the evidence to inform protocols for routine care and to highlight areas which should be considered for further study. The same working group has now updated this review by considering papers on the interventions to improve the healing of chronic ulcers published between December 2006 and June 2010. Methodological quality of selected studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Selected studies fell into the following ten categories: sharp debridement and wound bed preparation with larvae and hydrotherapy; wound bed preparation using antiseptics, applications and dressing products; resection of the chronic wound; hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT); compression or negative pressure therapy; products designed to correct aspects of wound biochemistry and cell biology associated with impaired wound healing; application of cells, including platelets and stem cells; bioengineered skin and skin grafts; electrical, electromagnetic, lasers, shockwaves and ultrasound; other systemic therapies which did not fit in the above categories. Heterogeneity of studies prevented pooled analysis of results. Of the 1322 papers identified, 43 were selected for grading following full text review. The present report is an update of the earlier IWGDF systematic review, but the conclusion is similar: that with the exception of HBOT and, possibly, negative pressure wound therapy, there is little published evidence to justify the use of newer therapies. This echoes the conclusion of a recent Cochrane review and the systematic review undertaken by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Guidelines Committee in the UK. Analysis of evidence presents considerable difficulties in this field particularly as controlled studies are few and the majority are of poor methodological quality.
authors.affiliation: Foot Ulcer Trials Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK. fgame@futu.co.uk
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Game
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hinchliffe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Apelqvist
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartemann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löndahl
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeffcoate
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D014945:Wound Healing