title: The effect of choice on the physiology of emotion: an affective startle modulation study.
abstract: The affective startle modulation task has been an important measure in understanding physiological aspects of emotion and motivational responses. Research utilizing this method has relied primarily on a 'passive' viewing paradigm, which stands in contrast to everyday life where much of emotion and motivation involves some active choice or agency. The present study investigated the role of choice on the physiology of emotion. Eighty-four participants were randomized into 'choice' (n=44) or 'no-choice' (n=40) groups distinguished by the ability to choose between stimuli. EMG eye blink responses were recorded in both anticipation and stimulus viewing. Results indicated a significant attenuation of the startle magnitude in choice condition trials (relative to no-choice) across all picture categories and probe times. We interpret these findings as an indication that the act of choice may decrease one's defensive response, or conversely, lacking choice may heighten the defensive response. Implications for future research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132-4168, United States. genevsky@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genevsky
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gard
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*