title: [Analysis on recurrence factors associate with giant cell tumor of tendon sheath in upper extremity].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relation of the sex, age, location and chemotherapy with recurrence of the tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to August 2010, 47 patients with giant cell tumor of tendon sheath in upper extremity were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analysis of sex, age at presentation, lesion location, chemical inactivation, surgical complications, tumor recurrence and pathological findings were explored. There were 28 females and 19 males, ranging in age from 17 to 78 years, with an average of 38.15 years. All the patients underwent surgical excision. Fourteen patients received intraoperative chemically inactive treatment. All the patients had routine follow-up to observe the wound healing, pathological findings,tumor recurrence, and received necessary imaging examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 22 to 129 months, with a mean time of 53.89 months. Four patients who received intraoperative alcohol inactivation appeared wound complications such as wound swelling, discharge of necrotic tissue, delayed wound healing. Fifteen patients had active growth of tumor tissue, 1 patient had low-grade malignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the group which preoperative X-ray was found to have bone destruction (P = 0.003); patients receiving chemically inactivation had lower risk of recurrence after surgery than patients not receiving chemically inactivation (P = 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recurrence rate of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath in upper limb was closely related to tumor growth site, bone destruction and chemical inactivation. Local excision of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath was the effective treatment. How to identify the patients at high risk of recurrence, how to reduce the recurrence rate and the functional restoration after wide resection are the priorities and difficulties of future researches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital Affiliated to Whenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China. liuyangbo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yang-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ding-Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huai-Bao
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005870:Giant Cell Tumors / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013710:Tendons / Q000473:pathology*; D034941:Upper Extremity