title: Incidence of febrile urinary tract infections in children after successful endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux: a long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) after successful endoscopic correction of intermediate and high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 1271 consecutive children (male, 411; female, 903) who underwent successful endoscopic correction of VUR were reviewed. Factors potentially influencing postoperative UTIs, such as history of presentation, age, sex, grade of VUR, renal scarring, and agent used for the endoscopic injection, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Febrile UTI developed in 73 children (5.7%) after successful endoscopic correction of VUR. Thirty-nine children had a single episode of UTI, and 34 children had two or more episodes at 1 month to 5.9 years (median, 1 year) after correction of VUR. With multivariate analysis, female sex (P < .001), history of preoperative bladder/bowel dysfunction (BBD; P = .005), and BBD after endoscopic correction (P = .001) were revealed to be the most important independent risk factors for a febrile UTI after successful correction of VUR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of febrile UTIs after successful correction of intermediate and high grade VUR is low. Female sex and BBD were the most important risk factors in the development of febrile UTI. Our data supports the importance of assessing bladder and bowel habits in older children with febrile UTIs after endoscopic correction of VUR.
authors.affiliation: National Children's Research Centre, National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hunziker
authors.forename: Nochiparambil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohanan
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Asta
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*