title: A CMOS Time-Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Analysis Micro-System.
abstract: We describe a CMOS-based micro-system for time-resolved fluorescence lifetime analysis. It comprises a 16 × 4 array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated in 0.35 μm high-voltage CMOS technology with in-pixel time-gated photon counting circuitry and a second device incorporating an 8 × 8 AlInGaN blue micro-pixellated light-emitting diode (micro-LED) array bump-bonded to an equivalent array of LED drivers realized in a standard low-voltage 0.35 μm CMOS technology, capable of producing excitation pulses with a width of 777 ps (FWHM). This system replaces instrumentation based on lasers, photomultiplier tubes, bulk optics and discrete electronics with a PC-based micro-system. Demonstrator lifetime measurements of colloidal quantum dot and Rhodamine samples are presented.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK; E-Mails:  Keith.Muir@ed.ac.uk  (K.R.M.);  Robert.Henderson@ed.ac.uk  (R.K.H.);  David.Renshaw@ee.ed.ac.uk  (D.R.).
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rae
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKendry
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Girkin
authors.forename: Erdan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Henderson