title: Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki).
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most prevalent and persistent pollutants in the environment. In this study, the wood-feeding termite (WFT)  Coptotermes formosanus  (Shiraki) was studied regarding the potential ability to degrade two selected low-molecular-weight PAHs, phenanthrene and anthracene. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was employed for analysis of in vivo PAH degradation by three gut segments (fore-, mid-, and hindgut) of the WFT. The results revealed the capability of lower termite for PAH metabolism, which started from the foregut and mainly occurred in the midgut region. Remediation of phenanthrene by the termite has been proposed to be initiated via hydroxylation at the C-10 position. Anthracene metabolism first occurred at the C-3, C-5, and C-12 positions with the addition of aldehyde and carbonyl groups. Ring hydroxylation, methoxylation, esterification, carboxylation, and methylation were detected on both the PAHs for ring fission, suggesting the existence of effective PAH modification activity in the alimentary canal of  C. formosanus . This new PAH degradation system of the WFT provides new insights for potential technologies for bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil and sediment based on the related lingolytic enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6120, United States.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D020049:Isoptera / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C031181:phenanthrene; C034020:anthracene