title: Characterizing antiviral mechanism of interleukin-32 and a circulating soluble isoform in viral infection.
abstract: Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is an inflammatory cytokine, and its activity is associated with various auto-inflammatory disorders as well as infectious pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and viral infections. However, the precise antiviral mechanism of IL-32 remains unclear. We assessed the IL-32 level in the sera of H1N1 influenza A patients and IL-32 level was significantly elevated. Next we examined the antiviral activity of recombinant IL-32γ (rIL-32γ) with WISH cells infected by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) but no antiviral activity was observed. Therefore we investigated the supernatant of rIL-32-treated THP-1 cells since this cell line effectively responded to rIL-32γ. The supernatant of rIL-32-treated THP-1 cell possessed an antiviral effect and in addition, an agonistic monoclonal antibody further enhanced a specific antiviral activity of rIL-32γ. The fractionation and mass spectrometer analysis of the THP-1 cell supernatant revealed that the antiviral activity of rIL-32γ is via a THP-1 cell-produced factor, transferrin, rather than the direct effects of rIL-32γ on epithelial cells. We also characterized a secreted soluble IL-32γ protein in serum of IL-32γ transgenic mouse (TG), but not in that of IL-32α TG. The present results suggest that IL-32γ expression and its genetic variation in individual could be an important aspect of viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Dongjun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jaewoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Byunghyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jida
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyunjhung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jhun
authors.forename: Kwangwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Eunsom
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seunghyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Siyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soohyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014168:Transferrin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C496971:IL32 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014168:Transferrin