title: Beneficial effect of donepezil on obstructive sleep apnea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous publications have shown beneficial effects of cholinergic medication on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We hypothesized that cholinergic medication could also improve OSA in non-AD patients. The present study evaluated the effects of donepezil on OSA in non-AD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. The final sample consisted of 21 male patients with mild to severe OSA and AHI >10 divided into two groups, a donepezil-treated group (n=11) and a placebo-treated group (n=10). The dosage was one tablet/day (5 mg) for the first two weeks and two tablets/day (10 mg) for the last two weeks. Polysomnography and sleepiness evaluations were performed at baseline and after one month of treatment. Groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures with treatment-group and treatment-time as the main factors and time-treatment as an interaction effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering the effect of the interaction with time-treatment, there was a significant improvement in the obstructive apnea/hypopnea index, desaturation index, percentage of time with O(2) saturation ≤3% lower than baseline, lowest oxygen saturation, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores with donepezil treatment (p<0.05). Sleep efficiency significantly decreased (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Donepezil treatment improved obstructive sleep apnea index, oxygen saturation, and sleepiness in parallel with a reduction in sleep efficiency. Our findings support the concept that cholinergic transmission may influence breathing regulation in OSA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Professor Francisco de Castro, 93, São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil. lucia.claudino@ufsc.br
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sukys-Claudino
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Dalva
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poyares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077265:Donepezil; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010919:Placebos; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D010919:Placebos; D000077265:Donepezil; D010100:Oxygen