title: Typical bronchial carcinoid metastasizing to the brain: a case presentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Typical bronchial carcinoid tumors are known for their relatively indolent behavior. There are only four reported cases in the medical literature describing typical bronchial carcinoids metastasizing to the brain. Little is known about the pathogenesis and presentation of this disease due to the very small patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 67-year-old Hispanic female presented to our hospital with a three-week history of right arm numbness and poor coordination. Computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast of the brain and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple enhancing nodular densities throughout the brain. CT with intravenous contrast of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed a left hilar mass and a medial left upper lobe mass. Histopathological findings were consistent with a neuroendocrine neoplasm of bronchial origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although metastases to the central nervous system are very frequent with small cell carcinomas, their presence is very uncommon in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors such as the one we present here. This case raises questions about whether these tumors contain biomarkers that might predict a more aggressive behavior and if these patients might benefit from aggressive interventions similar to those taken in small cell carcinomas, such as prophylactic cranial radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Miami Beach, Fla., USA.
authors.forename: Simon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zeichner
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cusnir
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Francavilla
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirzel