title: Current evidence on intradermal influenza vaccines administered by Soluvia™ licensed micro injection system.
abstract: Among the several strategies explored for (1) the enhancement of the immune response to influenza immunization, (2) the improvement of the vaccine acceptability and (3) the overcoming of the egg-dependency for vaccine production, intradermal administration of influenza vaccine emerges as a promising alternative to conventional intramuscular route, thanks to the recent availability of new delivery devices and the perception of advantages in terms of immunogenicity, safety, reduction of antigen content and acceptability. Data from clinical trials performed in children, adults < 60 y and elderly people and post-marketing surveillance demonstrate that actually, licensed intradermal influenza vaccines, Intanza™ 9 and 15 µg and Fluzone™ Intradermal, administered by the microinjection system Soluvia™, show an excellent acceptability, tolerability and safety profile. Formulations containing 9 and 15 μg per strain demonstrate, respectively, comparable and superior immunogenicity than conventional intramuscular vaccines. Licensed intradermal influenza vaccines can be considered a valid alternative to standard intramuscular vaccination offering significant advantages in low-responder populations and helping to increase influenza vaccination coverage rates especially in people with fear of needles or high apprehension associated with annual vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. icardi@unige.it
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Icardi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceravolo
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ansaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008004:Licensure; D008845:Microinjections / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines