title: Cardiorespiratory responses during and after water exercise in pregnant and non-pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to compare the blood pressure and oxygen consumption (VO(2)) responses between pregnant and non-pregnant women, during cycle ergometer exercise on land and in water.
  
  
  METHODS
  ten pregnant (27 to 29 weeks of gestation) and ten non-pregnant women were enrolled. Two cardiopulmonary tests were performed on a cycle ergometer (water and land) at the heart rate corresponding to VO(2), over a period of 30 minutes each. Exercise measurements consisted of recording blood pressure every five minutes, and heart rate and VO(2) every 20 seconds. Two-way ANOVA was used and α=0.05 (SPSS 17.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  there was no difference in cardiovascular responses between pregnant and non-pregnant women during the exercise. The Pregnant Group demonstrated significant differences in systolic (131.6±8.2; 142.6±11.3 mmHg), diastolic (64.8±5.9; 74.5±5.3 mmHg), and mean blood pressure (87.0±4.1; 97.2±5.7 mmHg), during water and land exercise, respectively. The Non-pregnant women Group also had a significantly lower systolic (130.5±8.4; 135.9±8.7 mmHg), diastolic (67.4±5.7; 69.0±10.1 mmHg), and mean blood pressure (88.4±4.8; 91.3±7.8 mmHg) during water exercise compared to the land one. There were no significant differences in VO(2) values between water and land exercises or between pregnant and non-pregnant women. After the first five-minute recovery period, both blood pressure and VO(2) were similar to pre-exercise values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  for pregnant women with 27 to 29 weeks of gestation, water exercise at the heart rate corresponding to VO(2) is physiologically appropriate. These women also present a lower blood pressure response to exercise in water than on land.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Paulo André Poli
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: de Figueiredo
authors.forename: Cristine Lima
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Alberton
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bgeginski
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Martins
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kruel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water