title: Liver cold preservation induce lung surfactant changes and acute lung injury in rat liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between donor liver cold preservation, lung surfactant (LS) changes and acute lung injury (ALI) after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver transplantation models were established using male Wistar rats. Donor livers were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution at 4  °C for different lengths of time. The effect of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) on ALI was also detected. All samples were harvested after 3 h reperfusion. The severity of ALI was evaluated by lung weight/body weight ratio, lung histopathological score, serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 levels, lung tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels. Lung surfactants (LSs) were determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With extended donor liver cold preservation time (CPT), lung histopathological scores, serum ET-1 levels, lung weight/body weight ratio and the level of TNF-α and IL-1β in lung were increased significantly in the 180-min group compared with the sham group (3.16 ± 0.28 vs 1.12 ± 0.21, P < 0.001; 343.59 ± 53.97 vs 141.53 ± 48.48, P < 0.001; 0.00687 ± 0.00037 vs 0.00557 ± 0.00056, P < 0.001; 17.5 ± 3.0 vs 1.3 ± 0.3, P < 0.001; 10.8 ± 2.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.4, P < 0.001), but serum NO levels decreased remarkably (74.67 ± 10.01 vs 24.97 ± 3.18, P < 0.001). The expression of lung phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) increased when CPT was < 120 min, and decreased when CPT was > 180 min (PC: 1318.89 ± 54.79 vs 1011.18 ± 59.99, P < 0.001; PE: 1504.45 ± 119.96 vs 1340.80 ± 76.39, P = 0.0019; PI: 201.23 ± 34.82 vs 185.88 ± 17.04, P = 0.2265; PS: 300.43 ± 32.95 vs 286.55 ± 55.55, P = 0.5054). All these ALI-associated indexes could be partially reversed by PDTC treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged CPT could induce or inhibit the expression of LSs at the compensation or decompensation stage, and some antioxidants (e.g., PDTC) may reverse the pathological process partially.
authors.affiliation: An Jiang, Chang Liu, Liang Yu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shannxi Province, China.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Quan-Yuan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000378:metabolism*; D011887:Raffinose / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose