title: Exercise training decreases adipose tissue inflammation in cachectic rats.
abstract: Bearing in mind that cancer cachexia is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and that endurance training has been adopted as a nonpharmacological anti-inflammatory strategy, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of moderate intensity exercise upon the balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in 2 different depots of white adipose tissue in cachectic tumour-bearing (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma) rats. Animals were assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumour-bearing (ST), sedentary pair-fed (SPF) or exercise control (EC), exercise tumour-bearing (ET), and exercise pair-fed (EPF) group. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60% VO(2)max) 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. The retroperitoneal (RPAT) and mesenteric (MEAT) adipose pads were excised and the mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (ELISA) expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were evaluated. The number of infiltrating monocytes in the adipose tissue was increased in cachectic rats. TNF-α mRNA in MEAT was increased in the cachectic animals (p<0.05) in relation to SC. RPAT protein expression of all studied cytokines was increased in cachectic animals in relation to SC and SPF (p<0.05). In this pad, IL-10/TNF-α ratio was reduced in the cachectic animals in comparison with SC (p<0.05) indicating inflammation. Exercise training improved IL-10/TNF-α ratio and induced a reduction of the infiltrating monocytes both in MEAT and RPAT (p<0.05), when compared with ST. We conclude that cachexia is associated with inflammation of white adipose tissue and that exercise training prevents this effect in the MEAT, and partially in RPAT.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Caperuto
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: M C L
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Seelaender
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002100:Cachexia / Q000473:pathology*; D002279:Carcinoma 256, Walker; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D012313:RNA