title: How can micelle systems be rebuilt by a heating process?
abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate how an aqueous micellar system containing Amphotericin B (AmB) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) can be rebuilt after heating treatment. Also, a review of the literature on the physicochemical and biological properties of this new system was conducted. Heated (AmB-DOC-H) and unheated (AmB-DOC) micelles were then diluted at four different concentrations (50 mg · L(-1), 5 mg · L(-1), 0.5 mg · L(-1), and 0.05 mg · L(-1)) to perform physicochemical studies and a pharmacotoxicity assay, in which two cell models were used for the in vitro experiments: red blood cells (RBC) from human donors and Candida parapsilosis (Cp). While potassium (K(+)) and hemoglobin leakage from RBC were the parameters used to evaluate acute and chronic toxicity, respectively, the efficacy of AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H were assessed by K(+) leakage and cell survival rate from Cp. The spectral study revealed a slight change in the AmB-DOC aggregate peak from 327 nm to 323 nm, which is the peak for AmB-DOC-H. Although AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H exhibited different behavior for hemoglobin leakage, AmB-DOC produced higher leakage than AmB-DOC-H at high concentrations (from 5 mg · L(-1)). For K(+) leakage, both AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H showed a similar profile for both cell models, RBC and Cp (P < 0.05). AmB-DOC-H and AmB-DOC also revealed a similar profile of activity against Cp with an equivalent survival rate. In short, AmB-DOC-H showed much less toxicity than AmB-DOC, but remained as active as AmB-DOC against fungal cells. The results highlight the importance of this new procedure as a simple, inexpensive, and safe way to produce a new kind of micelle system for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.
authors.affiliation: Dispersed Systems Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel Adelino da
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva-Filho
authors.forename: Scheyla Daniela Vieira da Silva
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Larissa Bandeira
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Ivonete Batista de
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Káttya Gyselle de
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Holanda e Silva
authors.forename: Aldo da Cunha
authors.initials: Ada C
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Irami
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Araújo-Filho
authors.forename: Anselmo Gomes de
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Egito
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008823:Micelles; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D000666:Amphotericin B; D011188:Potassium