title: Lack of periconceptional vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid and diabetes mellitus-associated birth defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the risk of birth defects in relation to diabetes mellitus and the lack of use of periconceptional vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2004) is a multicenter, population-based case-control study of birth defects (14,721 cases and 5437 control infants). Cases were categorized into 18 types of heart defects and 26 noncardiac birth defects. We estimated odds ratios for independent and joint effects of preexisting diabetes mellitus and a lack of periconceptional use of vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pattern of odds ratios suggested an increased risk of defects that are associated with diabetes mellitus in the absence vs the presence of the periconceptional use of vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of periconceptional use of vitamins or supplements that contain folic acid may be associated with an excess risk for birth defects due to diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gilboa
authors.forename: Lorenzo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Botto
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cleves
authors.forename: Tiffany J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Riehle-Colarusso
authors.forename: D Kim
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.forename: E Albert
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Reece
mesh_terms: D000757:Anencephaly / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid