title: Predictors of car smoking rules among smokers in France, Germany and the Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As exposure to tobacco smoke pollution (TSP) has been identified as a cause of premature death and disease in non-smokers, and studies have demonstrated that smoking in cars produces high levels of TSP, this study will investigate smokers' rules for smoking in their cars, and predictors of car smoking rules, including potentially modifiable correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from nationally representative samples of current smokers from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project surveys in France (2007), Germany (2007), and the Netherlands (2008). Smokers in France and Germany were asked about smoking rules in their cars, and smokers in the Netherlands were asked about smoking rules in cars carrying children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In France and Germany, 59% and 52% of smokers respectively, allowed smoking in their cars. In the Netherlands, 36% of smokers allowed smoking in cars carrying children. Predictors of allowing smoking in cars included: being a daily vs. non-daily smoker, being younger vs. older age, having no (young) children in the home, being a heavier smoker, and allowing smoking in the home. In the Netherlands, smokers who agreed that TSP is dangerous to non-smokers were less likely to allow smoking in cars carrying children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, a sizeable proportion of smokers allowed smoking in their cars across the three countries. Media campaigns with information about the dangers of TSP may increase the adoption of smoke-free cars. These media campaigns could target smokers who are most likely to allow smoking in cars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. schitchm@uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hitchman
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guignard
authors.forename: Gera E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nagelhout
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mons
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van den Putte
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: Hein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061213:Mortality, Premature; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011640:Public Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution