title: The varus ankle and instability.
abstract: Varus ankle associated with instability can be simple or complex. Multiple underlying diseases may contribute to this complex pathologic entity. These conditions should be recognized when attempting proper decision-making. Treatment options range from conservative measures to surgical reconstruction. Whereas conservative treatment might be a possible approach for patients with simple varus ankle instability, more complex instabilities require extensive surgical reconstructions. However, adequate diagnostic workup and accurate analysis of varus ankle instability provide a base for the successful treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klammer
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benninger
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Espinosa
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography