title: Intraocular hemorrhage after intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in sickle cell trait.
abstract: Massive intraocular hemorrhage developed in a child with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma after intrarterial treatment with Melphalan and Topotecan. The child tested positive for sickle cell trait. Sickle cell trait may predispose such children to slower vascular transit time, hypoxia, sickling and vascular occlusion caused by catheter induced decreased flow. Enucleation confirmed the ultrasound and selective angiogram findings in addition to a completely calcified tumor. Clinicians should be on the lookout for the association of sickle-cell disease/trait and intraocular hemorrhages after intraarterial chemotherapy to fully understand its clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Marr
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: Ira J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Dunkel
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Folberg
authors.forename: Y Pierre
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Gobin