title: Corticotropin-releasing hormone enhances the invasiveness and migration of Ishikawa cells, possibly by increasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9.
abstract: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), synthesized in the hypothalamus, is also produced at several extrahypothalamic sites and in normal endometrial cells. CRH exerts antiproliferative activity on oestrogen-dependent tumour cell lines (Ishikawa cells and breast cancer cells) via the  CRH receptor-1. This study investigated the potential role of CRH as a factor affecting endometrial migration and invasion in Ishikawa cells, and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. Increasing concentrations of CRH (1, 10 and 100 nM) significantly reduced the proliferation of  Ishikawa cells but increased the invasiveness these cells compared with the control group. All three concentrations of CRH significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 levels in Ishikawa cells. In conclusion, CRH inhibited the growth of Ishikawa cells but enhanced their  invasiveness, possibly by increasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. These findings suggest that CRH might induce invasion and migration by upregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 in endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9