title: Optimising the scan delay for arterial phase imaging of the liver using the bolus tracking technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize the delay time before the initiation of arterial phase scan in the detection of focal liver lesions in contrast enhanced 5 phase liver CT using the bolus tracking technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delay - the interval between threshold enhancement of 100 hounsfield unit (HU) in the abdominal aorta and commencement of the first arterial phase scan. Using a 16 slice CT scanner, a plain CT of the liver was done followed by an intravenous bolus of 120 ml nonionic iodinated contrast media (370 mg I/ml) at the rate of 4 mL/s. The second phase scan started immediately after the first phase scan. The portal venous and delay phases were obtained at a fixed delay of 60 s and 90 s from the beginning of contrast injection. Contrast enhancement index (CEI) and subjective visual conspicuity scores for each lesion were compared among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  84 lesions (11 hepatocellular carcinomas, 17 hemangiomas, 39 other hypervascular lesions and 45 cysts) were evaluated. CEI for hepatocellular carcinomas appears to be higher during the first arterial phase in the 6 seconds delay group. No significant difference in CEI and mean conspicuity scores among the three groups for hemangioma, other hypervascular lesions and cysts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conspicuity of hepatocellular carcinomas appeared better during the early arterial phase using a bolus tracking technique with a scan delay of 6 seconds from the 100 HU threshold in the abdominal aorta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rs
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Bjj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Kh
authors.initials: Kh
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vijayananthan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohd Nor
authors.forename: Yw
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liew