title: Supernatants derived from chemotherapy-treated cancer cell lines can modify angiogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that tumours produce substances such as cytokines and microvesicular bodies bearing bioactive molecules, which support the carcinogenic process. Furthermore, chemotherapy has also been shown to modify these exudates and in doing so, neutralise their tumourigenic influence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, we have investigated the effect of chemotherapy agents on modifying the cytokine profile and microvesicular cargo of supernatants derived from cancer cell lines. In addition, we have explored the effect of these tumour-derived supernatants on angiogenesis, and how chemotherapy can alter the supernatants rendering them less pro-angiogenic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Herein, we show that supernatants contain a rich cocktail of cytokines, a number of which are potent modulators of angiogenesis. They also contain microvesicular bodies containing RNA transcripts that code for proteins involved in transcription, immune modulation and angiogenesis. These supernatants altered intracellular signalling molecules in endothelial cells and significantly enhanced their tubulogenic character; however, this was severely compromised when supernatants from tumours treated with chemotherapy was used instead.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests tumour exudates and bioactive material from tumours can influence cellular functions, and that treatment with some chemotherapy can serve to negate these pro-tumourigenic processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK. w.liu@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gravett
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chanthirakumar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaminska
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coulton
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodman-Smith
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dalgleish
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases