title: Development and validation of a multiclass method for the determination of veterinary drug residues in chicken by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A multiclass method has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of 20 veterinary drug residues belonging to several classes, as quinolones, sulfonamides, macrolides, anthelmintics, avermectins and diamino derivatives, and benzathine, used as a marker of the presence of penicillin, in muscle chicken. It has been based on QuEChERS methodology (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Several chromatographic conditions were optimized, obtaining a running time <8.5 min. The developed method was validated on the basis of international guidelines. Mean recoveries ranged from 70 to 120%, except for benzathine (65.6% at 20 μg kg(-1)) and sulfadimidine (69.0% at 100 μg kg(-1)). Repeatability was lower than 20.0% except for sulfachlorpyridazine (22.1% at 20 μg kg(-1)) and tylosin (20.5% and 20.6% at 30 and 50 μg kg(-1), respectively), whereas reproducibility was lower than 25% except for flumequine (27.4% at 20 μg kg(-1)) and benzathine (37.8% and 27% at 20 and 50 μg kg(-1), respectively). Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 3.0 to 6.0 μg kg(-1) and 10.0 to 20.0 μg kg(-1), respectively, except for tylosin that showed a LOD and LOQ of 9.0 and 30.0 μg kg(-1). Decision limit (CC(α)) and detection capability (CC(β)) were calculated and CC(β) ranged from 24.1 μg kg(-1) (mebendazole) to 423.6 μg kg(-1) (flumequine). Finally, the method was applied to real samples and traces of some compounds were found in eight samples of chicken and benzathine was detected in one sample at 29.9 μg kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Almería University, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04071 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Renata Pereira
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Rocío Cazorla
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero-González
authors.forename: Antonia Garrido
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Frenich
authors.forename: José Luis Martínez
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vidal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000032:analysis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000032:analysis; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018942:Macrolides / Q000032:analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000032:analysis*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D018942:Macrolides; D015363:Quinolones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D007559:Ivermectin; C019264:avermectin; C010044:benzathine