title: Leisure activities and cognitive function in elderly community-dwelling individuals in Japan: a 5-year prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to clarify the longitudinal relationship between leisure activities and cognitive decline among Japanese community-dwelling older adults, using a 5-year prospective cohort study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 567 men and women, aged 70years and over, participated in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used in baseline and follow-up surveys to assess cognitive function. The change in cognitive function from baseline to follow-up was determined, and cognitive decline over 5years was used as the outcome variable. Leisure activities (hobby, social activity, and physical activity) were assessed at baseline and used as independent variables. Age, gender, number of years of education, presence of chronic diseases, instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, smoking, hearing deficits, and level of cognitive function at baseline were used as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, showed that non-participation in a hobby was significantly and independently associated with cognitive decline (odds ratio: 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-3.02, p<0.01). There were no significant relationships between social activity, physical activity and cognitive decline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found a longitudinal inverse relationship between hobby participation and cognitive decline among elderly Japanese community-dwelling individuals, suggesting that engaging in a hobby in later life can contribute to preserving cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. hajimei-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hunkyung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hideyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012931:Social Environment