title: Reconstruction of lower eyelid retraction or ectropion using a paranasal flap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This report aims to describe a paranasal flap technique for reconstruction of lower eyelid retraction and ectropion.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the contracture of the lower eyelid skin or conjunctiva had been thoroughly released, the ipsilateral upper pedicle paranasal flap was designed according to the size of the lower eyelid skin wound. After dissection of the flap, the subcutaneous tissue of the flap was trimmed according to the depth of the wound, the flap was rotated to cover the defect, and an anchor was fixed to the distal aspect of the outer canthus. The secondary defect of the donor area was sutured directly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 67 patients with lower eyelid defects resulting from correction of eyelid retraction and ectropion were reconstructed using paranasal flaps between April 2004 and October 2009. The sizes of the paranasal flaps ranged from 0.6×2.2 to 1.5×3.5 cm. At the follow-up assessment, the patients could close their eyes easily and completely without lagophthalmos, and neither the upper lips or the nasal ala showed any anatomic deformities. The features of the paranasal flaps, such as skin color, texture, and contour of the repaired tissue, were a good match with the surrounding skin. The suture lines of the donor areas were sheltered well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paranasal flaps were used for effective reconstruction of lower eyelid retraction or ectropion, with achievement of good eyelid function and a good color, contour, and texture match with the surrounding skin. Overall, the functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Hai-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-cun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jun-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004483:Ectropion / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D055815:Young Adult