title: The antithrombotic and antimicrobial properties of PEG-protected silver nanoparticle coated surfaces.
abstract: Cardiovascular implant-associated complications such as infection and thrombosis may be reduced by modification of device surfaces using antimicrobial and antithrombotic agents. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are well accepted for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect. A recent report suggested its antiplatelet effect also. So the hypothesis of this study is that polyethylene glycol (PEG) protected SNPs can be incorporated with biomaterials to attain dual properties; and by adjusting an optimum concentration, its cytotoxicity to tissues and cells can be prevented. To prove this, detailed study of PEG-SNP was done at three levels: (i) direct inhibitory effect on platelet activation, aggregation and biochemical pathways when PEG-SNP is added into platelet suspension; (ii) inhibition of platelet adhesion to PEG-SNP incorporated biological matrix and polymer scaffold and (iii) non-cytotoxic behavior of immobilized PEG-SNP in fibrin matrix. Inhibitory effects demonstrated are on: platelet function by aggregometry, exposure of activation and apoptosis markers by flow cytometry, biochemical pathway by malondealdehyde (MDA) estimation and protein phosphorylation by Western blot. Reduced platelet adhesion onto PEG-SNP incorporated scaffold is shown using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Non-toxic behavior of endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) grown on PEG-SNP-fibrin disc is shown by fluorescence microscopy and cell phenotype stability by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis Research Unit, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum-695012, India.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ragaseema
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalliyana Krishnan
authors.forename: Lissy K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D012834:Silver; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols