title: Effects of a priming dose of fentanyl during anaesthesia on the incidence and severity of fentanyl-induced cough in current, former and non-smokers.
abstract: Fentanyl is commonly used during anaesthesia and can cause fentanyl-induced cough (FIC). This study investigated whether a priming dose of fentanyl reduced FIC, and determined the factors associated with increased risk of FIC. Subjects undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia  (n = 800) were randomized into four groups: group 1 received 2 μg/kg fentanyl bolus; groups 2, 3 and 4 received a priming dose of fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg followed by 1.5 μg/kg after 1, 2 or 3 min, respectively. The incidence of FIC was 17.0%, 10.0%, 12.5% and 11.5% for groups 1,  2, 3 and 4, respectively, with no significant between-group differences in FIC incidence or severity. The mean FIC onset time was 22 s. Former smokers were 2.91 times more likely than current smokers to experience cough. A fentanyl priming dose did not reduce the incidence and severity of  FIC. Former smokers were hyper-reactive to fentanyl compared with current smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl