title: Apocynin reduces reactive oxygen species concentrations in exhaled breath condensate in asthmatics.
abstract: Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease, and oxidative stress was proven to be involved in its pathogenesis. Apocynin effectively inhibits the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-by blocking its activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhaled apocynin on ROS and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) concentration in 14 nonsmoking mild asthmatics. Effects of nebulized apocynin (0.5 mg/mL) were assessed in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) after 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and safety parameters have been analyzed. Apocynin significantly decreased H2O2 concentration in EBC in comparison with placebo after 60 and 120 minutes. Moreover, apocynin significantly reduced NO(-2) concentration 30 and 60 minutes after nebulization and caused a significant decrease of NO(-3) concentration in EBC 60 and 120 minutes after administration, comparing with placebo. No adverse events have been observed throughout the study. This research confirmed anti-inflammatory properties of nebulized apocynin, which might be an effective and safe drug in bronchial asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stefanska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarniak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wlodarczyk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokolowska
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pniewska
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Doniec
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawliczak
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C056165:acetovanillone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide