title: Evaluation and properties of the budding yeast phosphoproteome.
abstract: We have assembled a reliable phosphoproteomic data set for budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and have investigated its properties. Twelve publicly available phosphoproteome data sets were triaged to obtain a subset of high-confidence phosphorylation sites (p-sites), free of "noisy" phosphorylations. Analysis of this combined data set suggests that the inventory of phosphoproteins in yeast is close to completion, but that these proteins may have many undiscovered p-sites. Proteins involved in budding and protein kinase activity have high numbers of p-sites and are highly over-represented in the vast majority of the yeast phosphoproteome data sets. The yeast phosphoproteome is characterized by a few proteins with many p-sites and many proteins with a few p-sites. We confirm a tendency for p-sites to cluster together and find evidence that kinases may phosphorylate off-target amino acids that are within one or two residues of their cognate target. This suggests that the precise position of the phosphorylated amino acid is not a stringent requirement for regulatory fidelity. Compared with nonphosphorylated proteins, phosphoproteins are more ancient, more abundant, have longer unstructured regions, have more genetic interactions, more protein interactions, and are under tighter post-translational regulation. It appears that phosphoproteins constitute the raw material for pathway rewiring and adaptation at various evolutionary rates.
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Dept Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
authors.forename: Grigoris D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Amoutzias
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kathryn S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lilley
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Van de Peer
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006207:Half-Life; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D055550:Protein Stability; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010750:Phosphoproteins; D020543:Proteome; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins