title: Inducible NAD overproduction in Arabidopsis alters metabolic pools and gene expression correlated with increased salicylate content and resistance to Pst-AvrRpm1.
abstract: Plant development and function are underpinned by redox reactions that depend on co-factors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD has recently been shown to be involved in several signalling pathways that are associated with stress tolerance or defence responses. However, the mechanisms by which NAD influences plant gene regulation, metabolism and physiology still remain unclear. Here, we took advantage of Arabidopsis thaliana lines that overexpressed the nadC gene from E. coli, which encodes the NAD biosynthesis enzyme quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT). Upon incubation with quinolinate, these lines accumulated NAD and were thus used as inducible systems to determine the consequences of an increased NAD content in leaves. Metabolic profiling showed clear changes in several metabolites such as aspartate-derived amino acids and NAD-derived nicotinic acid. Large-scale transcriptomic analyses indicated that NAD promoted the induction of various pathogen-related genes such as the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive defence marker PR1. Extensive comparison with transcriptomic databases further showed that gene expression under high NAD content was similar to that obtained under biotic stress, eliciting conditions or SA treatment. Upon inoculation with the avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Pst-AvrRpm1, the nadC lines showed enhanced resistance to bacteria infection and exhibited an ICS1-dependent build-up of both conjugated and free SA pools. We therefore concluded that higher NAD contents are beneficial for plant immunity by stimulating SA-dependent signalling and pathogen resistance.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR 8618, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay Cedex, France. pierre.petriacq@u-psud.fr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pétriacq
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Bont
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Didierlaurent
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauve
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guérard
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noctor
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Renou
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tcherkez
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gakière
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010430:Pentosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D017378:Quinolinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012459:Salicylates / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D000098553:Nicotinate-Nucleotide Diphosphorylase (Carboxylating)
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012459:Salicylates; D009243:NAD; D010430:Pentosyltransferases; D000098553:Nicotinate-Nucleotide Diphosphorylase (Carboxylating); D017378:Quinolinic Acid