title: Manuka honey inhibits the development of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms and causes reduced expression of two fibronectin binding proteins.
abstract: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) is always of clinical significance in wounds where it can initiate infection, destroy skin grafts and persist as a biofilm. Manuka honey has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and its use in the clinical setting is beginning to gain acceptance with the continuing emergence of antibiotic resistance and the inadequacy of established systemic therapies; novel inhibitors may affect clinical practice. In this study, the effect of manuka honey on S. pyogenes (M28) was investigated in vitro with planktonic and biofilm cultures using MIC, MBC, microscopy and aggregation efficiency. Bactericidal effects were found in both planktonic cultures and biofilms, although higher concentrations of manuka honey were needed to inhibit biofilms. Abrogation of adherence and intercellular aggregation was observed. Manuka honey permeated 24 h established biofilms of S. pyogenes, resulting in significant cell death and dissociation of cells from the biofilm. Sublethal concentrations of manuka honey effectively prevented the binding of S. pyogenes to the human tissue protein fibronectin, but did not inhibit binding to fibrinogen. The observed inhibition of fibronectin binding was confirmed by a reduction in the expression of genes encoding two major fibronectin-binding streptococcal surface proteins, Sof and SfbI. These findings indicate that manuka honey has potential in the topical treatment of wounds containing S. pyogenes.
authors.affiliation: Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Maddocks
authors.affiliation: Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK.
authors.forename: Marta Salinas
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rowlands
authors.affiliation: Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK.
authors.forename: Rose A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D031649:Leptospermum / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C078635:fibronectin-binding proteins, bacterial