title: Clinical cardiac safety profile of nilotinib.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nilotinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor with significant efficacy as first- or second-line treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Despite preclinical evidence indicating a risk of prolongation of the QT interval, which was confirmed in clinical trials, detailed information on nilotinib's cardiac safety profile is lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we retrospectively assessed cardiovascular risk factors in 81 patients who were being or had previously been treated with nilotinib therapy and evaluated cardiovascular parameters by longitudinal monitoring of the QT interval and left ventricular ejection fraction. Detailed information on the occurrence and management of defined cardiac adverse events was extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of nilotinib therapy was 26 months (range, 1-72). The median QT interval at baseline was 413 msec (range, 368-499 msec). During follow-up, the median QT was not significantly different from the baseline value at any time-point. Sixteen of 81 patients (20%) had new electrocardiographic changes. Cardiac function, as assessed by measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, did not change significantly from baseline at any time-point. During a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 2-73), seven patients (9%), all of whom had received prior imatinib therapy, developed 11 clinical cardiac adverse events requiring treatment. The median time from the start of nilotinib therapy to an event was 14.5 months (range, 2-68). Five of seven patients were able to continue nilotinib therapy with only one brief interruption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas new electrocardiographic abnormalities were recorded in 20% of all patients and some of them developed severe or even life-threatening coronary artery disease, QT prolongation, changes in left ventricular ejection fraction, and clinical cardiac adverse events were uncommon in patients treated with nilotinib.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik mS Hämatologie und Onkologie, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Theo D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: le Coutre
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grille
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levitin
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fateh-Moghadam
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dörken
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haverkamp
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Köhncke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; C498826:nilotinib