title: Extraction and preconcentration techniques for chromatographic determination of chlorophenols in environmental and food samples.
abstract: Methods for chlorophenols (CPs) determination (with low limits of detection) that can be applied to real environmental samples (waters, sediments, soils, biological tissues) and food are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to sampling, storage conditions and the application of preconcentration techniques for the determination of CPs using chromatographic methods. Solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and purge and trap methods are considered. Methods for microwave and ultrasonic extraction of CPs from solid matrices are also focused.
authors.affiliation: CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Morais
authors.forename: Teodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stoichev
authors.forename: M Clara P
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Basto
authors.forename: M Teresa S D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013010:Sonication; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical