title: Cultural adaptation of physical activity self-report instruments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The validity of physical activity (PA) self-report measures can be a problem when using these measures with target populations that differ from the population for which the measures were originally developed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Describe an approach to further tailor PA self-report measures to a target community, and report on focus group and cognitive interview findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Topics relevant to culturally tailoring measures are discussed, including translation, focus groups, and cognitive interviews. We describe examples from our own work, including focus groups and cognitive interviews conducted to assess Latinos' interpretations of PA questions derived from various epidemiological surveys that were developed in White communities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings from focus groups and cognitive interviews provide valuable information about the comprehension, interpretation, and cultural relevance of the PA questions to Latino communities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is recommended that investigators collect formative data to better assess the equivalence of items being applied to a different cultural group. Guidelines for cultural attunement of self-report instruments are described to promote more uniform and rigorous processes of adaptation and facilitate cross-cultural investigations.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Arredondo
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holub
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D032882:Comprehension; D054521:Cultural Competency; D003469:Culture; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D017144:Focus Groups; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007802:Language; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report