title: Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression measurement in uterine sarcoma and carcinosarcoma tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date no suitable reference genes have been identified in carcinosarcomas and non-epithelial malignant tumors of corpus uteri for normalizing real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. The purpose of this study was to select appropriate references for gene expression studies in these tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used RNA extracts from 75 tissue samples, representing 50 tumors and 25 fragments of normal uterine tissues obtained from 50 patients treated for mixed tumors, smooth muscle sarcoma and stromal sarcoma of the uterus. qRT-PCR for five potential reference (housekeeping) genes, namely B2M, HMBS, HPRT1, TBP and UBC, was performed. The expression stability of these genes was assayed using geNorm software application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of gene expression data with geNorm identified HPRT1 as the most stable reference gene, followed by UBC and HMBS, for all the investigated tissues. When stratified by disease, the results still pointed at HPRT1 as the gene that retained the greatest robustness in mixed tumors as well as in smooth muscle and stromal sarcomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work is the first report on reference gene selection for qRT-PCR applications in mixed tumors, smooth muscle sarcoma and stromal sarcoma of the uterus. A ranking of candidate genes' stability values for the three types of tumors is provided and might serve as a valuable guide for future gene expression studies of these rare entities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, W.K. Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland. magdak@coi.waw.pl
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalewska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danska-Bidzinska
authors.forename: Elwira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakula-Zalewska
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bidzinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D036821:Endometrial Stromal Tumors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D025822:Ubiquitin C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025822:Ubiquitin C; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase