title: Analysis of the upper massif of the craniofacial with the radial method - practical use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The analysis of the upper massif of the craniofacial (UMC) is widely used in many fields of science. The aim of the study was to create a high resolution computer system based on a digital information record and on vector graphics, that could enable dimension measuring and evaluation of craniofacial shape using the radial method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on 184 skulls, in a good state of preservation, from the early middle ages. The examined skulls were fixed into Molisson's craniostat in the author's own modification. They were directed in space towards the Frankfurt plane and photographed in frontal norm with a digital camera. The parameters describing the plane and dimensional structure of the UMC and orbits were obtained thanks to the computer analysis of the function recordings picturing the craniofacial structures and using software combining raster graphics with vector graphics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was compared mean values of both orbits separately for male and female groups. In female skulls the comparison of the left and right side did not show statistically significant differences. In male group, higher values were observed for the right side. Only the circularity index presented higher values for the left side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer graphics with the software used for analysing digital pictures of UMC and orbits increase the precision of measurements as well as the calculation possibilities. Recognition of the face in the post mortem examination is crucial for those working on identification in anthropology and criminology laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lepich
authors.forename: Józefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dąbek
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stompel
authors.forename: Jerzy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gielecki