title: Association of mild to moderate kidney dysfunction with coronary artery calcification in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the association between kidney dysfunction and coronary artery calcification (CAC) score (CACS) among patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively included 1,572 consecutive patients with clinically suspected CAD who underwent ECG-gated cardiac CT scans using 64-multidetector row computed tomography. CACS was quantified using a previously described method. Renal function was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Ordinal logistic regression and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the association between eGFR and CACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with higher CACS were older, more had a history of hypertension, diabetes and tobacco use, and they were more likely to have an atherogenic lipid profile, higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index and C-reactive protein (CRP) and lower eGFR when compared with those patients without CAC or with lower CACS. The unadjusted correlation coefficient of eGFR and CACS was -0.259 (p < 0.001). This remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use and CRP (R = -0.156, p < 0.001). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that age, hypertension, diabetes, CRP and eGFR exerted independent influences on CACS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney dysfunction was an independent predictor of CACS in patients with clinically suspected CAD. Further prospective multicenter studies are needed to confirm this finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Fen
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Li-Qiu
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Li-Xian
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rong-Cheng
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin