title: The effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is increasing evidence to support that a high-protein diet may promote weight loss and prevent weight (re)gain better than a low-protein diet, and that the effect is due to higher diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and increased satiety. However, data on the effect of different types of protein are limited. In the present study we compare the effect of whey, casein and milk on DIT and satiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen slightly overweight (29 ± 4 kg/m(2)) male subjects completed the study. The study had a randomized, crossover design, where the effect on 4 h postprandial energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation and subjective appetite sensation of three isocaloric test meals containing either a whey drink, a casein drink or skim milk was examined. Energy intake (EI) at a subsequent ad libitum lunch was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant effect on subjective appetite sensation, but EI at lunch was lower after the milk test meal than after the casein (9%; P=0.0260) and the whey (9%; P=0.0258) test meals. Postprandial lipid oxidation was significantly higher after the casein test meal compared with the whey test meal (P=0.0147) when adjusted for baseline values. There was no significant difference in effect on EE, protein oxidation or carbohydrate oxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Milk reduced subsequent EI more than isocaloric drinks containing only whey or casein. A small but significant increase in lipid oxidation was seen after casein compared with whey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. jakh@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hvid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects*; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins