title: [Toll-like receptor 8: the awkward TLR].
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLR) sense a variety of microbial products and play an important role in the mounting of innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR1 to TLR9 are common in mice and humans and recognize similar ligands in both species, with the exception of TLR8. Human TLR7 and TLR8 and mouse TLR7 detect viral single-stranded RNA and imidazoquinoline compounds, while mouse TLR8 not. Based on this discrepancy, for long time it was believed that mouse TLR8 is not functional and as a consequence the contribution of TLR8 to innate immunity remained poorly understood. Our recent studies revealed an important role for TLR8 in the regulation of TLR7-mediated autoimmunity in the mouse. This review illustrates our current understanding regarding the function of TLR8 and its potential for future clinical use for the treatment and/or prevention of various pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Centre D'immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. alexopoulou@ciml.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alexopoulou
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Desnues
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Demaria
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D000077271:Imiquimod; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008024:Ligands; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000502:physiology; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; C495344:TLR3 protein, human; C519703:TLR3 protein, mouse; C495348:TLR7 protein, human; C495349:TLR8 protein, human; C552579:TLR8 protein, mouse; C477038:Tlr7 protein, mouse; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8; D000077271:Imiquimod