title: The use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) for studying nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation.
abstract: Interactions between blood platelets and nanoparticles have both pharmacological and toxicological significance and may lead to platelet activation and aggregation. Platelet aggregation is usually studied using light aggregometer that neither mimics the conditions found in human microvasculature nor detects microaggregates. A new method for the measurement of platelet microaggregation under flow conditions using a commercially available quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) has recently been developed. The aim of the current study was to investigate if QCM-D could be used for the measurement of nanoparticle-platelet interactions. Silica, polystyrene, and gold nanoparticles were tested. The interactions were also studied using light aggregometry and flow cytometry, which measured surface abundance of platelet receptors. Platelet activation was imaged using phase contrast and scanning helium ion microscopy. QCM-D was able to measure nanoparticle-induced platelet microaggregation for all nanoparticles tested at concentrations that were undetectable by light aggregometry and flow cytometry. Microaggregates were measured by changes in frequency and dissipation, and the presence of platelets on the sensor surface was confirmed and imaged by phase contrast and scanning helium ion microscopy.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. santosmm@tcd.ie
authors.forename: Maria Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Santos-Martinez
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inkielewicz-Stepniak
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahme
authors.forename: Deirdre M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: D'Arcy
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Hongzhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Marek Witold
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Radomski
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D011137:Polystyrenes; D006046:Gold; D012822:Silicon Dioxide