title: The experience of being diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through family screening in childhood and adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the experiences of children and adolescents being screened positive for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and how this impacts their daily life.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a hereditary disease and the most common medical cause of sudden death in childhood and adolescence. This is the reason for recommending screening in children with an affected first-degree relative. A diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy implies lifestyle modifications, restrictions that may bring profound changes to the daily life of the affected individual.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive qualitative interview study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We interviewed 13 asymptomatic children or adolescents diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through family screening 12-24 months after the diagnosis. Analysis was conducted with qualitative content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children described an involuntary change, which affected their daily life with limitations and restrictions in life, both in the individual and social context. Lifestyle recommendations had the most severe impact on daily life and affected their social context. They tried to navigate in a world with new references, and after reorientation they felt hope and had faith in the future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through family screening went through an involuntary change resulting in limitations and restrictions in life. This study indicates that there is a need for support and that healthcare professionals have to consider the specific needs in these families. Our findings thus give guidance in how best to improve support to the patients and their family. Diagnosis in asymptomatic children should be accompanied by ideally multi-professional follow-up, focusing not only on medical issues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. ewa-lena.bratt@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Ewa-Lena
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bratt
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sparud-Lundin
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ostman-Smith
authors.forename: Asa B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Axelsson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology