title: Protective effect of zinc chloride against cobalt chloride-induced cytotoxicity on vero cells: preliminary results.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of cobalt chloride on Vero cells. The cultured cells were incubated with different concentrations of cobalt chloride ranging from 0.5 to 1,000 μM, and cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and resazurin assays. Possible protective effects of vitamin E, coenzyme Q(10), and zinc chloride were also tested in this system. A gradual decrease in cell proliferation was observed at concentrations ~≥ 200 μM in incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with MTT assay. Exposure of cells to 500 and 1,000 μM cobalt chloride caused significant decrease in cell survival. A biphasic survival profile of cells was observed at 1-25 μM concentration range following 96 h of incubation. With resazurin assay, cytotoxicity profile of CoCl(2) was found comparable to the results of MTT assay, particularly at high concentrations and long incubation periods. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was noted following exposure of cells to ≥ 250 μM of CoCl(2) for 24 h and ≥ 100 μM concentrations of CoCl(2) for 48-96 h. Pretreatment of cells with ZnCl(2) for 4 or 24 h provided significant protection against cobalt chloride-induced cytotoxicity when measured with MTT assay. However, vitamin E or coenzyme Q(10) was not protective. CoCl(2) had dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in Vero cells. Preventive effect of ZnCl(2) against CoCl(2)-induced cytotoxicity should be considered in detail to define exact mechanism of toxicity in Vero cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey. Aylingurbay@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürbay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D003603:Cytotoxins; D009067:Mouthwashes; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D003035:Cobalt; C016837:zinc chloride; C018021:cobaltous chloride