title: Upregulation of RANTES in nasal polyps from patients with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal polyps in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are believed to be phenotypically different than polyps affecting non-CF patients. The objective of this study was to characterize the expression of inflammatory cytokines within nasal polyps from CF and non-CF, aspirin-tolerant patients. "Regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted" (RANTES) is a chemotactic cytokine involved in the recruitment and activation of eosinophils. Multiple molecular studies of non-CF polyps have established that RANTES may play an important role in nasal polyposis. Our study suggests RANTES may be upregulated in CF polyps relative to non-CF polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal polyps were prospectively obtained from CF and non-CF, aspirin-tolerant patients. The Quantibody™ Human Cytokine Array I from RayBiotech, Inc., was used to identify differences in cytokine expression between protein extracts of two polyp groups. Four CF polyp extracts and 4 non-CF, aspirin-tolerant polyp extracts were each incubated on identical antibody subarrays, each containing 20 human cytokines in quadruplicate. Western blot analysis confirmed expression of RANTES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein microarray suggests a greater than 4-fold upregulation of RANTES in CF polyps relative to non-CF polyps. Western blot analysis confirmed expression of RANTES in CF polyps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemokines such as RANTES are responsible for the activation of inflammatory cells within the lamina propria of nasal polyps. We have demonstrated that RANTES may be an important cytokine associated with CF polyps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO80045, USA.
authors.forename: Victor I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Scapa
authors.forename: Vijay R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mudd
authors.forename: Todd T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Kingdom
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5