title: Microbiological characteristics of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus spp. in Bahia, Brazil: molecular types and antifungal susceptibilities.
abstract: To determine the profiles of susceptibility to antifungal and the genotypes of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus in Bahia, Brazil, 62 isolates were collected from cases of meningitis in the period from 2006 to 2010. Their susceptibilities to fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine were determined by the broth microdilution technique described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and genotyping of the URA5 gene was accomplished by restriction fragment length polymorphism. C. neoformans accounted for 79% of the identified yeast and C. gattii represented the remaining 21%. Evaluation of the genotypes determined that 100% of the C. gattii isolates belong to the VGII genotype, and 98% of the C. neoformans isolates belong to the VNI genotype. Determination of susceptibility revealed isolates resistant to fluconazole (4.8%), 5-flucytosine (1.6%) and amphotericin B (3.2%); the stratification of sensitivity results for each species showed significant differences in susceptibility to azoles. This study is the first to describe the susceptibility profiles of molecular and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus in Bahia, Brazil. The high percentage of C. gattii isolates belonging to the VGII genotype and its lower susceptibility to antifungal agents highlight the importance of knowing which species are involved in cryptococcal infections in northeastern Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Souza Andrade
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D056285:Cryptococcus gattii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins