title: Switching between anti-TNF-alpha agents does not improve functional capacity in patients with long-standing and active rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess clinical response after switching between anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 99 patients diagnosed with RA American College of Rheumatology, 1987), on anti-TNF-alpha therapy, to assess the therapeutic response after 24 weeks. Switching was performed if, after 12 to 24 weeks, a severe adverse event was reported (toxicity: T) or if no reduction greater than 0.6 in the initial Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) occurred (inadequate response: IR). In case of IR, the patient was considered as primary failure (PF). Secondary failure (SF) was defined as loss of response after initial improvement. Remission (DAS28 < 2.6), low disease activity (between 2.61 and 3.2), and functional improvement [increase in the initial Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) > 0.2] were assessed by use of linear regression analysis. The significance level adopted was P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Switching was performed in 39 (39.4%) patients, especially due to PF (24.3%), SF (35.1%) and T (40.5%). The retention rate of the first agent was 60.1%, and the mean time for switching was 14.2 ± 10.9 months. After switching, a tendency towards a decrease in DAS28 was observed (4.7 ± 1.4; P = 0.08), but not in the HAQ (1.2 ± 0.77; P = 0.11). Around 43% of the patients achieved good/moderate EULAR response. The major determinant of switching was a higher initial DAS28, independent of age, duration of disease, and functional capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switching between anti-TNF-alpha agents is a valid strategy to control disease activity, despite the low likelihood of remission and no significant improvement in functional capacity.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Maria Roberta Melo P
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Edgard T Dos
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Reis Neto
authors.forename: Karine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: Rozana M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ciconelli
authors.forename: Marcelo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057915:Drug Substitution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha