title: Anatomical survey of terminal branching patterns of superficial branch of radial nerve in fetuses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regional anesthesia plays a key role in elective as well as emergency orthopedic and other surgeries in children. However, peripheral nerve blocks are quite challenging in children due to lack of precise anatomical knowledge of the course and distribution of these nerves. The purpose of this study was to explore the terminal branches of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in fetuses. The relationship of the superficial branch of the radial nerve with cephalic vein and surrounding tendons was also observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 upper extremities (42 males and 18 females) of 30 spontaneously aborted fetuses (32-40 weeks) were dissected to expose the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the distal forearm and hand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patterns of distribution based on the total area of the dorsum of the hand innervated were observed. Type 1 (66.7%): superficial branch of radial nerve (SBRN) innervated lateral two-and-a-half digits; Type 2 (23.3%): SBRN innervated lateral three digits; Type 3 (10%): SBRN innervated lateral three-and-a-half digits. The cephalic vein was seen to intersect the nerve more than twice along its course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detailed knowledge of the distribution patterns of terminal branches of superficial branch of radial nerve in hand will enhance the success rate of regional blocks or hand surgeries and minimize the postoperative complications due to injury to nerve or vascular structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Daisy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harjeet
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnwal
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000294:innervation*; D005542:Forearm / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011826:Radial Nerve / Q000196:embryology*