title: Sequence recombination in exon 1 of the TSPY gene in men with impaired fertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate TSPY (testis specific protein on the Y chromosome) gene and 5'UTR (UnTranslated Region) polymorphisms in men with impaired fertility compared to fertile controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 72 infertile men and 31 fertile controls usingconventional sequencing analysis to find crucial SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and other changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most remarkable changes were found in the 1(st) exon only. In one half of the both infertile men and fertile controls, the most frequent finding was 26 SNPs with a similar pattern. In the other half we found highly relevant changes, generating a stop codon in the first third of exon 1. Early termination cut down the protein by 78.5%. This kind of change was not found in the fertile controls. No correlation was found between the spermiogram and the changes leading to the stop codon. The distribution of men with deletions, insertion and higher gene copy number was not statistically different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes found in exon 1 in infertile men could fundamentally affect the process of spermatogenesis. These findings could significantly enhance our understanding of the molecular-genetic causes of male infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics and Foetal Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic. vodickar@fnol.cz
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Svacinova
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vodicka
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vrtel
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godava
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kvapilova
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krejcirikova
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dusek
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bortlicek
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santavy
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics; D018388:Codon, Terminator / Q000235:genetics; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D013076:Sperm Count
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018388:Codon, Terminator; C497749:TSPY1 protein, human