title: A case series: herpes simplex virus as an occupational hazard.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herpes labialis infections are common and present a serious risk to the dental team.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose is to make dentists aware of the risks involved with treatment of patients with active herpes labialis. In addition, evidence-based risk-management strategies are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence and natural history of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are reviewed. Four previously unreported case histories are presented to illustrate the impact common sequelae of HSV-1 can have on the dental team. The differences between HSV-1 and the blood-borne diseases which are the focus of universal precautions are discussed. In particular, the highly contagious, highly transmissible nature of HSV-1 and its transmission through aerosols are highlighted. Finally, the need to include protection against aerosols in the profession's understanding of universal precautions is noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors suggest limiting the treatment of patients with active lesions to urgent care only, and treating active HSV-1 lesions to reduce time of healing. For four common clinical situations involving HSV-1 infections, evidence-based methods for protecting the dental team and the patient from cross-contamination are also presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While it is clear that the treatment of patients with active herpes labialis lesions increases risk of cross-infection, there are good protocols for controlling this risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By bringing common vectors of cross-infection to light and providing evidence-based protocols for preventing them, this article provides practitioners with positive steps that can be taken for controlling the risk of spreading herpes infections to the dental team.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D001132:Arm / Q000821:virology; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D003756:Dental Hygienists; D003815:Dentists; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000821:virology; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000821:virology; D006560:Herpes Labialis / Q000635:transmission*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000635:transmission; D009333:Neck; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D012308:Risk Management
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols