title: The relationship between the flexion synergy and stretch reflexes in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.
abstract: This study utilized a novel robotic device, the ACT-4D, to investigate the relationship between the flexion synergy and stretch reflexes in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Because the flexion synergy influences the amount of elbow flexor muscle activation present in the paretic limb during tasks requiring shoulder abduction loading, it was hypothesized that stretch reflexes may be modulated by expression of this abnormal muscle coactivation pattern. To test this hypothesis, the ACT-4D was used to enable 10 individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke to generate varying amounts of shoulder abduction torque while concurrently receiving elbow extension position perturbations. It was found that increased expression of the flexion synergy led to greater reflex amplitudes as well as lower reflex velocity thresholds. The physiological basis of the flexion synergy is briefly discussed, as are the implications of the flexion synergy and stretch reflexes for purposeful movement.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. jacobmcpherson@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Jacob G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Arno H A
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Stienen
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Drogos
authors.forename: Julius P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dewald
mesh_terms: D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012026:Reflex, Stretch / Q000502:physiology*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation