title: Daily intake of selenium and concentrations in blood of residents of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Concentrations of selenium (Se) in food from local markets of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were measured and daily intake calculated based on information from a questionnaire of foods eaten by healthy Saudis. The daily intake of Se was then compared to concentrations of Se in blood serum. Primary sources of Se in the diet of Saudis were as follows: meat and meat products (31%), egg (20.4%), cereals and cereal products (16%), legumes (8.7%), fruits (6.8%), milk and dairy products (2.0%), beverages (2%), sweets (1.8%), pickles (0.2%), and oil (0.02%). Daily intake of Se, estimated to be 93 μg Se/person/day, was slightly greater than that calculated from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) food balance sheet for KSA, which was approximately 90 μg Se/person/day. The daily intake of Se by Saudis in Riyadh was greater than that of Australians or Dutch but less that of Canadians and Americans. There was a statistically significant correlation (R = +0.38, P < 0.05) between daily intake of Se and concentrations of Se in blood serum of Saudis in Riyadh. The mean concentration of Se in serum was 1.0 × 10(2) ± 30.5 μg Se/l. Taken together, the results suggest that the average Se intake and Se serum concentrations are within the known limits and recommendations, making it unlikely that Saudis are on average at risk of deficiency or toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Othman
authors.forename: Zeid A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Al-Othman
authors.forename: Gaber E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: El-Desoky
authors.forename: Mourad A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aboul-Soud
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Habila
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012643:Selenium