title: The influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like signals on blood chemistry and oxidative stress in non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Environmental electromagnetic fields originate from man-made sources, such as mobile phones and base stations, and have led to increasing public concern about their possible adverse health effects. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) generated from these devices on oversensitive animals, such as pregnant rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the effects of whole body 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)-like RFR exposure for 15 min/day for seven days on blood chemistry and lipid peroxidation levels in both non-pregnant and pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were investigated. Thirteen-month-old rabbits were studied in the following four groups: Non-pregnant control, non-pregnant RFR-exposed, pregnant control and pregnant RFR-exposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipid peroxidation, namely malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, did not change after RFR exposure. However, blood chemistry parameters, such as cholesterol (CHO), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), uric acid, creatinin and creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme (CK-MB) changed due to both pregnancy and RFR exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our investigations have been shown that no indication for oxidative stress was detected in the blood of pregnant rabbits upon RF exposure at specific conditions employed in the present study. Minor changes in some blood chemistry parameters were detected but CK-MB and CK increases were found remarkable. Studies on RFR exposure during pregnancy will help establish international standards for the protection of pregnant women from environmental RFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gorkem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kismali
authors.forename: Elcin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozgur
authors.forename: Goknur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.forename: Aytac
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.forename: Tevhide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sel
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seyhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005609:Free Radicals; D009584:Nitrogen