title: [From alcohol to liquid ecstasy (GHB)--a survey of old and modern knockout agents. Part 3: gamma-hydroxybutyric acid ("liquid ecstasy")].
abstract: Currently, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB/"liquid ecstasy") is frequently abused as a knockout substance. Its detection and the interpretation of the results present numerous problems which are illustrated by case reports. In this context, hair analysis and the increasing significance of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Aus dem Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Giessen.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Marcel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Verhoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003415:Crime / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D012978:Sodium Oxybate