title: Anti-inflammatory effects of dichloromethane fraction from Orostachys japonicus in RAW 264.7 cells: suppression of NF-κB activation and MAPK signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (O. japonicus) is known to reduce the risk of many diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction from O. japonicus (OJD) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  NO was measured using the Griess method. Key pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including IL-1β, TLR4, iNOS, and COX-2; 2 important pro-inflammatory transcription factors, NF-κB p65 and IκBα; and MAPKs such as ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 were analyzed by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OJD significantly inhibited NO production, IL-1β, TLR4, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated cells. Additionally, it inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB p65 activation via inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of p38 and JNK was suppressed by OJD in a dose-dependent manner in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that OJD inhibits the inflammatory response via suppression of NF-κB activation and MAPK signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong-Seon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Deok-Seon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Gyeong-Seon
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Seok
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029627:Crassulaceae; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases