title: Proof-of-principle study to detect metabolic changes in peritoneal dialysis effluent in patients who develop encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy can result in the development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), characterized by extensive sclerosis of the peritoneum with bowel adhesions often causing obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  As a proof-of-principle study, holistic profiling of endogenous metabolites has been applied in a prospective collection of PD effluent collected in multiple UK renal centres over 6 years in order to investigate metabolic differences in PD effluent between PD therapy patients who later developed clinically defined EPS (n = 11) and controls, who were matched for PD vintage, age and gender (n = 11).
  
  
  RESULTS
  'Fit-for-purpose' analytical methods employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), direct injection MS and quality control samples were developed and validated. These methods were applied in a proof-of-principle study to define metabolic differences in PD effluent related to subsequent development of EPS. Changes in amino acids, amines and derivatives, short-chain fatty acids and derivatives and sugars were observed prior to EPS developing, and changes in the metabolomic profiles could be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is potential for applying metabolic profiles to identify patients at risk of developing EPS although long-term prospective studies with larger patient cohorts are required.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and School of Chemistry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Warwick B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Royston
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goodacre
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambie
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Topley
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brenchley
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D055432:Metabolomics; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*