title: Effect of silver annealing conditions on the performance of electrolytic silver/silver chloride electrodes used in Harned cell measurements of pH.
abstract: We have studied the long and short term stability of electrolytic Ag/AgCl electrodes fabricated from Ag wire that has been subjected to a range of different annealing conditions. At elevated temperatures, the presence of oxygen during the annealing process has been shown to be detrimental to the performance of electrodes produced. This phenomenon has been attributed to the dissolution of oxygen in the Ag lattice leading to structural changes in the Ag/AgCl electrode material. Electrodes prepared from Ag wire annealed in the absence of oxygen have shown no appreciable change in performance throughout the temperature range employed. This work has resulted in an improved understanding of the optimum annealing conditions required for Ag used in the preparation of electrolytic Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. This work has positive implications for the accuracy of Harned cell measurements of pH.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Science Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. paul.brewer@npl.co.uk
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Richard J C
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018030:Silver Compounds; D012834:Silver; C037548:silver chloride