title: Pluripotency of a polyploid H1 (ES) cell system without leukaemia inhibitory factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tetraploid cells are strictly biologically inhibited from composition of embryos; by the same token, only diploid cells compose embryos. However, the distinction between diploid and tetraploid cells in development has not been well explained. To examine pluripotency of polyploid ES cells, a polyploid embryonic stem (ES)-cell system was prepared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, octaploid and decaploid H1 (ES) cells (2H1, 4H1, 5H1, 6H1, 8H1 and 10H1 cells, respectively) were cultured for about 460 days in L15F10 medium without leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The cells cultured under LIF-free conditions were denoted as 2H1(-), 4H1(-), 5H1(-), 6H1(-), 8H1(-) and 10H1(-) cells, respectively. Pluripotency and gene expression were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ploidy alteration of H1(-) cells was similar to that of H1 cells. The polyploid H1(-) cells showed positive activity of alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that they maintained pluripotency in vitro without LIF. The polyploid H1(-) cells formed teratocarcinomas in mouse abdomen, suggesting they could differentiate in mouse abdomen in vivo. 2H1, 4H1 and polyploid H1(-) cells expressed nanog, oct3/4 and sox2 genes, suggesting that they fulfilled the criteria of ES cells. Nanog gene was significantly over-expressed in 4H1 and polyploid H1(-) cells, suggesting that overexpression of nanog gene was a characteristic of polyploid H1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyploid H1 (ES) cells retained pluripotency in vitro, without LIF with nanog over-expression.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Cell MedicineTumor Biology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujikawa-Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyagoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004171:Diploidy; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D011123:Polyploidy; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018243:Teratocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; D012313:RNA; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase