title: The SHR Y chromosome increases cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses to stress compared to the WKY Y chromosome.
abstract: The SHR Y chromosome has loci which are involved with behavioral, endocrine and brain phenotypes and respond to acute stress to a different degree than that of the WKY Y chromosome. The objectives were to determine if WKY males with an SHR Y chromosome (SHR/y) when compared to males with a WKY Y chromosome would have: 1. a greater increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP), heart rate (HR), and locomotor activity when placed in an open field environment and during an acute stress procedure; 2. enhanced stress hormone responses; 3. greater voluntary running; and 4. increased brain Sry expression. The SHR/y strain showed a significant rise in BP (32%) and HR (10%) during the open field test and exhibited higher BP (46% change) during air jet stress. SHR/y had higher locomotor activity and less immobility and had increased stress induced plasma norepinephrine and adrenocorticotrophic hormone and 3-4× more voluntary running compared to WKY. Differential Sry expression between WKY and SHR/y in amygdala and hippocampus was altered at rest and during acute stress more than that of WKY. Evidence suggests that this animal model allows novel functions of Y chromosome loci to be revealed. In conclusion, a transcription factor on the SHR Y chromosome, Sry, may be responsible for the cardiovascular, endocrine and behavioral phenotype differences between SHR/y and WKY males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3908, United States.
authors.forename: Cherec
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toot
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terwilliger
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Monte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ely
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; C497747:Sry protein, rat; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine