title: Fetal and maternal candidate single nucleotide polymorphism associations with cerebral palsy: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have suggested associations between certain genetic variants and susceptibility to cerebral palsy (CP). This study was designed to assess established and novel maternal and child genetic and epidemiologic risk factors for CP along with their interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from 587 case and 1154 control mother-child pairs was analyzed. A panel of 35 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined and included SNPs in genes associated with (1) thrombophilia, (2) inflammation, and (3) risk factors for CP (eg, preterm birth). Comparisons were specified a priori and made by using a χ(2) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 40 fetal and 28 maternal associations with CP when analyzed by CP subtype, gestational age, genotypes of apolipoprotein E, and haplotypes of mannose-binding-lectin. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, no fetal or maternal candidate SNP was associated with CP or its subtypes. Only fetal carriage of prothrombin gene mutation remained marginally associated with hemiplegia in term infants born to mothers with a reported infection during pregnancy. Odds ratio directions of fetal SNP associations were compared with previously reported studies and confirmed no trend toward association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for the prothrombin gene mutation, individual maternal and fetal SNPs in our candidate panel were not found to be associated with CP outcome. Past reported SNP associations with CP were not confirmed, possibly reflecting type I error from small numbers and multiple testing in the original reports.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Institute, Australia. michael.ocallaghan@student.adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: Alastair H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maclennan
authors.forename: Catherine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Gai L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Haan
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Broadbent
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Goldwater
authors.forename: Jodie N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Gus A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001315:Australia; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D011516:Prothrombin