title: The presence of aflatoxin B₁-FAPY adduct and human papilloma virus in cervical smears from cancer patients in Mexico.
abstract: The carcinogenic biomarker aflatoxin B(1)-formamidopyrimidine 2,3-dihydro-2-(N-formyl)-2',5',6'-triamino-4'-4'-oxy-N-pyrimidyl-3-hydroxy-AFB(1) called AFB(1)-FAPY adduct, and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 were quantified from DNA cervical scrapes from 40 women with cervical cancer (CC) and 14 healthy women as controls. The relationship between the AFB(1)-FAPY adduct and HPV types 16 and 18 was determined. Competitive inhibitory indirect ELISA was validated with 94% inhibition to quantify the AFB(1)-FAPY adducts in picograms per milligram of DNA (limit of detection = 0.1 pg/mg, and limit of quantification = 10 pg/mg), polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to identify HPV types. The average concentration of AFB(1)-FAPY adducts/mg DNA in the CC cases was 1025 pg, 1420 pg with HPV16 and 630 pg sharing HPV18 (p = 0.03). In comparison, healthy controls had ≤ 2.6 pg/mg DNA, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.00006). The presence of AFB(1)-FAPY adduct increased six-fold the risk for CC between cases and controls, the odds ratio was 6.1 (95% CI = 1.4-25.4). There was a close relationship between the AFB(1)-FAPY adducts and HPV16 in CC samples.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México, DF. magdac@ibiologia.unam.mx
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berumen
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guardado-Estrada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004279:DNA, Viral; D011743:Pyrimidines; C039544:4,6-diamino-5-N-formamidopyrimidine; D016604:Aflatoxin B1