title: Cadaveric comparison of canine fossa vs transnasal maxillary sinus access.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anatomic limitations complicate complete eradication of debris from the maxillary sinus using an exclusively transnasal (TN) endoscopic technique. Creation of a canine fossa trephination (CFT) permits a more direct approach than removal via the maxillary ostium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microdebrider eradication of debris completely filling the maxillary sinus was performed on 5 thawed fresh-frozen cadaver heads (10 sides) using a TN or CFT approach. Postdebridement computed tomography (CT) scanning assessed remaining debris. Additional outcome measures included time of debris removal, number of different angled blades utilized, and clogging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly greater amount of debris was left after the TN approach compared with CFT (3.88 cm(3) vs 2.88 cm(3), p = 0.015). Median blade utilization was significantly higher with the TN approach vs CFT (4 vs 1, p < 0.002). Time for debris eradication with CFT was similar regardless of expertise (323.4 vs 272.4 seconds, p = 0.21), but the TN approach showed a statistical difference in time-to-completion (698.8 vs 438.51 seconds, p = 1.7 × 10(-5)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Controversy surrounds the appropriate application of CFT due to disease process and approach-related morbidity. Rhinologists should have numerous well-studied options at their disposal. This model suggests that maxillary debris removal is accomplished more thoroughly with fewer microdebrider blades when a CFT approach is employed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Brent Alan
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Feldt
authors.forename: Kevin Christopher
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McMains
authors.forename: Erik Kent
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Weitzel
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014207:Trephining / Q000379:methods*