title: GPI-anchor remodeling: potential functions of GPI-anchors in intracellular trafficking and membrane dynamics.
abstract: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a conserved post-translational modification in eukaryotes. GPI is synthesized and transferred to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. GPI-anchored proteins are then transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane through the Golgi apparatus. GPI-anchor functions as a sorting signal for transport of GPI-anchored proteins in the secretory and endocytic pathways. After GPI attachment to proteins, the structure of the GPI-anchor is remodeled, which regulates the trafficking and localization of GPI-anchored proteins. Recently, genes required for GPI remodeling were identified in yeast and mammalian cells. Here, we describe the structural remodeling and function of GPI-anchors, and discuss how GPI-anchors regulate protein sorting, trafficking, and dynamics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipids and Vesicular Transport.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. morihisa@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Morihisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Taroh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021381:Protein Transport; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols