title: The Impact of PTSD Symptoms on Women's Safer-Sex Negotiation: Influence of Ethnicity.
abstract: PTSD has been shown to predict later self reported sexual risk behavior, yet behavioral research is lacking in this area. The present study investigated the impact of PTSD severity on negotiation and interpersonal skills effectiveness in simulated high-risk sexual situations among 368 inner-city women. Participants engaged in role-play scenarios involving 1) refusing sex without a condom, 2) abstaining from drinking prior to sex, and 3) refusing sex until both partners were tested for HIV. Interviews were audio taped and rated along dimensions of negotiation effectiveness by blind raters. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the impact of PTSD and ethnicity on 4 theoretically derived skill sets 1) assertiveness, 2) using health and preparedness skills 3) social joining skills and 4) higher order negotiation skills. Generally, results indicated that PTSD severity predicted poorer rated negotiation effectiveness among European Americans, but not African Americans. African Americans' expectations that may prepare them for facing more hardship may help explain ethnic differences.
authors.forename: Katie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Horsey
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Stevan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hobfoll