title: Human handedness in interactive situations: Negative perceptual frequency effects can be reversed!
abstract: Left-handed performers seem to enjoy an advantage in interactive sports. Researchers suggest this is predominantly due to the relative scarcity of left-handers compared with right-handers. Such negative frequency-dependent advantages are likely to appear in inefficient game-play behaviour against left-handed opponents such as reduced ability to correctly anticipate left-handers' action intentions. We used a pre-post retention design to test whether such negative frequency-dependent perceptual effects can be reversed via effective training. In a video-based test, 30 handball novices anticipated the shot outcome of temporally occluded handball penalties thrown by right- and left-handed players. Between the pre- and post-tests, participants underwent a perceptual training programme to improve prediction accuracy, followed by an unfilled retention test one week later. Participants were divided into two hand-specific training groups (i.e. only right- or left-handed shots were presented during training) and a mixed group (i.e. both right- and left-handed shots were presented). Our results support the negative frequency-dependent advantage hypothesis, as hand-specific perceptual training led to side-specific improvement of anticipation skills. Similarly, findings provide experimental evidence to support the contention that negatively frequency-dependent selection mechanisms contributed to the maintenance of the handedness polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany. jschorer@wwu.de
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schorer
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loffing
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hagemann
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010465:Perception; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult