title: Involvement of nitrosative stress in experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontal disease is highly prevalent and severe in diabetic patients, and is considered one of the diabetic complications. To elucidate how periodontitis progresses in diabetes, we examined an animal model of periodontitis in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two weeks after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, surgical nylon thread was ligated around the cervical portion of the unilateral maxillary second molar to induce periodontitis. Periodontitis was evaluated 2 weeks after the ligation by gingival blood flow, mRNA expressions, Western blot analysis, histological examination and micro CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ligation-induced severe periodontitis in the diabetic rats, which was apparently shown by the increase of TNF-α and iNOS mRNA expressions and inflammatory cell infiltration in the gingiva and alveolar bone loss. The number of nitrotyrosine, a footprint of nitrosative stress, -positive cells was significantly higher in the periodontitis of the diabetic rats compared with that in the normal rats. Western blot analysis confirmed that the nitrotyrosine was increased in the periodontitis of the diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to confirm increased nitrosative stress due to periodontitis in diabetic rats. Nitrosative stress may play a crucial role in the exacerbation of periodontitis in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soboku
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokabe
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tosaki
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Tatsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013311:Streptozocin; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D013311:Streptozocin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat