title: An experimental mixed bacterial infection induced differential secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα) and proMMP-9 in human fetal membranes.
abstract: Overall, 1-4% of all births in the US are complicated by choriamnionitis. Choriamnionitis is a polymicrobial infection most often due to ascending genital microbes which, in over 65% of positive amniotic fluid cultures, involves two or more organisms. In this study, we determine the cytokines expression (IL-1β, TNFα) and prometalloproteinase activation (proMMP-2 and proMMP-9) after double o single infection an in vitro model of human fetal membranes. Fetal membranes at term were mounted in the Transwell culture system and after 24 h of infection, choriodecidual, and amnion media was collected. IL-1β and TNFα were evaluated by ELISA, whereas proMMP-9 and proMMP-2 were determined by substrate gel zymography. The choriodecidual and amnion compartments actively respond to the infectious process, which induced the secretion of IL-1β, TNFα, and proMMP-9 after either mixed or single infection. The proMMP-2 secretion profile was the same after all experimental conditions. There was no synergy between Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli for inducing the secretion of inflammatory factors or degradative metalloproteinase. In conclusion, these two bacteria could initiate different pathways to induce chorioamnioitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Perinatology Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales # 800, Col. Lomas de Virreyes cp 11000, Mexico City, Mexico. h.flores@inper.mx
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flores-Herrera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-López
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molina-Hernández
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osorio-Caballero
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soriano-Becerril
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zaga-Clavellina
mesh_terms: D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D003656:Decidua / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000254:growth & development; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018093:Gelatinases; C120487:pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9; C069860:progelatinase; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9