title: In vitro exposure of Acer negundo pollen to atmospheric levels of SO₂ and NO₂: effects on allergenicity and germination.
abstract: In the last years, a rising trend of pollen allergies in urban areas has been attributed to atmospheric pollution. In this work, we investigated the effects of SO(2) and NO(2) on the protein content, allergenicity, and germination rate of Acer negundo pollen. A novel environmental chamber was assembled to exposure pollen samples with SO(2) or NO(2) at two different levels: just below and two times the atmospheric hour-limit value acceptable for human health protection in Europe. Results showed that protein content was lower in SO(2)-exposed pollen samples and slightly higher in NO(2)-exposed pollen compared to the control sample. No different polypeptide profiles were revealed by SDS-PAGE between exposed and nonexposed pollen, but the immunodetection assays indicated higher IgE recognition by all sera of sensitized patients to Acer negundo pollen extracts in all exposed samples in comparison to the nonexposed samples. A decrease in the germination rate of exposed in contrast to nonexposed pollen was verified, which was more pronounced for NO(2)-exposed samples. Our results indicated that in urban areas, concentrations of SO(2) and NO(2) below the limits established for human protection can indirectly aggravate pollen allergy on predisposed individuals and affect plant reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Grupo do Ambiente do Centro de Geologia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.forename: Abel J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Carlos R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Joaquim C G
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Esteves da Silva
authors.forename: Ilda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abreu
mesh_terms: D031002:Acer / Q000502:physiology; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000485:Allergens / Q000502:physiology; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011058:Pollen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide