title: Circulating ACE is a predictor of weight loss maintenance not only in overweight and obese women, but also in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was identified as a predictor of weight loss maintenance in overweight/obese women of the Diogenes project.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether ACE acted also as a predictor in men of the Diogenes study and to compare it with that in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects, who lost ≥ 8% of body weight induced by low-caloric diet in an 8-week weight loss period, were assigned to weight loss maintenance with dietary intervention for 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  125 overweight/obese healthy men from eight European countries who completed whole intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations and activity of serum ACE at baseline and after the 8-week weight loss, in addition to anthropometric and physiological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum ACE concentration decreased by 11.3 ± 10.6% during the weight loss period in men. A greater reduction is associated with less body weight regain during the maintenance period (r=0.227, P=0.012). ACE change was able to predict a weight regain ≤ 20% after 6 months, with an odds ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-2.33, P=0.016) for every 10% reduction, which was independent of body mass index and weight loss. The prediction power was weaker in men than in women, but without a significant sex difference (P=0.137). In pooled subjects (N=218), the odds ratio was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.46-2.64, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater reduction of ACE during weight loss is favorable for weight maintenance in both men and women. This can offer useful information for personalized advice to improve weight loss maintenance. It also confirms the role of ACE in the metabolic pathways of weight regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: W K W H
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Wodzig
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Baak
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jebb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafatos
authors.forename: A F H
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Handjieva-Darlenska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunesova
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viguerie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.forename: W H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: E C M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mariman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A