title: The mycelial response of the white-rot fungus, Schizophyllum commune to the biocontrol agent, Trichoderma viride.
abstract: In this study, agar plate interaction between Schizophyllum commune and Trichoderma viride was investigated to characterise the physiological responses occurring during interspecific mycelial combat. The metabolite profiles and morphological changes in both fungi paired on agar were studied relative to the modulation of phenoloxidase activity in S. commune. The calcium ionophore A23187 was incorporated in self-paired cultures of S. commune to explore possible involvement of calcium influx in the response of S. commune to T. viride. The levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in the confronted mycelia of S. commune were also measured. Contact with T. viride induced pigmentation and cell wall hydrolysis in S. commune with concomitant increase in phenoloxidase activity, rise in the levels of oxidative stress indicators and increased levels of phenolic compounds, antioxidant γ-amino butyric acid, and pyridoxine and osmo-protective sugar alcohols. Calcium ionophore mimicked the pigmentation in the T. viride-confronted mycelia of S. commune, implicating calcium influx in the response to T. viride. The changes in S. commune are indicative of targeted responses to osmotic and oxidative stresses and phenoloxidase-mediated detoxification of noxious compounds in the contact interface with T. viride, which may confer resistance in natural environments.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK. ujor.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: Victor C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Ujor
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Diluka Gayani
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Peiris
authors.forename: Mark Owen
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: John Norman
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hedger
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D055442:Metabolome; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D025282:Mycelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009172:Mycology / Q000379:methods; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000378:metabolism; D012567:Schizophyllum / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D000362:Agar