title: Protein profiling of anastomosed facial nerve treated with mesenchymal stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The types of proteins released from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are still unclear. Our aim was to compare apoptosis scores and the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), myelin basic protein (MBP), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-1,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1A, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-1/MMP-1A ratio, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4, glial cell-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in anastomosed facial nerves that had been treated with or without MSC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In seven rats, the buccal branch of the right facial nerve was transected, anastomosed and treated with MSC (anastomosed + MSC group). The left buccal branch was anastomosed only (anastomosed-only group). The left mandibular branch served as an intact nerve group. On days 18-20, the distal segments of the branches were examined in terms of expression of the mentioned proteins and apoptosis scores using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSC application significantly increased CNTF, PDGF-α, LIF, TGF-β1, BDNF and NT-3 expression (P < 0.05). MAG expression slightly decreased whereas NCAM-1, MMP-1A and FGF-2 slightly increased(P > 0.05). Changes in other proteins and apoptosis scores were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that MSC increases expression of CNTF, PDGF-α, LIF,TGF-β1, BDNF and NT-3. MAG, NCAM-1, MMP-1A and FGF-2 expressions were slightly changed in this stage of nerve regeneration. The comparison of apoptotic activity was not conclusive. Overall, it appears that MSC might have differential effects on the mentioned tissue-related proteins and trophic/growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. bulentsatar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Satar
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hidir
authors.forename: Muhittin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Serdar
authors.forename: Zulkuf
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kucuktag
authors.forename: Ali Ugur
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.forename: Ferit
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Avcu
authors.forename: Mukerrem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safali
authors.forename: Serpil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oguztuzun
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000628:therapy; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins