title: TLR4 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in the regulation of the host immune system. Each TLR recognizes specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR4 is one of the well characterized pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognizes the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, some conserved structures from fungal to mycobacterial pathogens and some endogenous ligands. A complex signaling cascade initiates after the ligand binds to the TLR4 ectodomain, leading to the activation of multiple inflammatory genes. Genetic variations greatly influence immune responses towards pathogenic challenges and disease outcome. In this review, we summarize various reports regarding TLR4 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: NUST Centre of Virology and Immunology, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan. mamoona786@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mamoona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noreen
authors.forename: Muhammad Ali A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sheeba Murad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.forename: Shazia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Iltaf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Syed Fazal
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jalil
authors.forename: Muhammad Imran
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Raza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4