title: [When the heart and/or the lung fails: the ECMO].
abstract: The Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initially proposed as a technique of respiratory support using an external membrane oxygenator. With time, it has also become a technique of cardiorespiratory support to ensure both gas exchange and organ perfusion until the restoration of organs function. This technical assistance can be central or peripheral and provides a partial or total circulatory support. The circuit includes a non occlusive centrifugal pump, an oxygenator for an enrichment of O2 and elimination of CO2 and cannulas for drainage and re-injection. Recently, the establishment of such assistance became possible percutaneously, allowing it to be initiated at the intensive care bedside or even before in-hospital admission.
authors.affiliation: Service des soins intensifs, HUG, Genève. Raphael.Giraud@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siegenthaler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tassaux
authors.forename: J C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reverdin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cikirikcioglu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Licker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bendjelid
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brochard
mesh_terms: D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*