title: Strong charge-transfer doping of 1 to 10 layer graphene by NO₂.
abstract: We use resonance Raman and optical reflection contrast methods to study charge transfer in 1-10 layer (1L-10L) thick graphene samples on which NO(2) has adsorbed. Electrons transfer from the graphene to NO(2), leaving the graphene layers doped with mobile delocalized holes. Doping follows a Langmuir-type isotherm as a function of NO(2) pressure. Raman and optical contrast spectra provide independent, self-consistent measures of the hole density and distribution as a function of the number of layers (N). At high doping, as the Fermi level shift E(F) reaches half the laser photon energy, a resonance in the graphene G mode Raman intensity is observed. We observe a decrease of graphene optical absorption in the near-IR that is due to hole-doping. Highly doped graphene is more optically transparent and much more electrically conductive than intrinsic graphene. In thicker samples, holes are effectively confined near the surface, and in these samples, a small band gap opens near the surface. We discuss the properties and versatility of these highly charge-transfer-doped, few-layer-thick graphene samples as a new class of electronic materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States. ac3163@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghassaei
authors.forename: Naeyoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Louis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Brus