title: The color change in artificial white spot lesions measured using a spectroradiometer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the color of white spot lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human premolars were subjected to a pH cycling to produce artificial caries lesions and classified into groups (n = 10/group): group 1, immersion in deionized water; group 2, pH cycling without fluoride (F) application; group 3, pH cycling with immersion in 1,000 ppm NaF solution; and group 4, pH cycling with immersion in 5,000 ppm NaF solution. CIE L*a*b* color parameters of the tooth were determined using a spectroradiometer at baseline, after demineralization and after pH cycling. The extent of demineralization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant degrees of color change (ΔE*) were observed after demineralization (p < 0.05). The changes were mainly due to an increase in lightness (L*) and a decrease in yellowness (b*). F application induced a significantly large ΔE* in group 4 (p < 0.05). The color reversal after remineralization was mostly due to the recovery of L*. SEM and EPMA verified that net mineral gains occurred in the subsurface lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The initially white appearance of enamel caries was a result of changes of L* and b*. F treatment partially restored the color of white spot lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  F-driven remineralization induced both mineral gains and esthetic enhancement of artificially produced enamel white spot lesions. The increase of L* and the decrease of b* contributed to the color changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Younju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho-Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Keewook
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Hae-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jinsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Juhea
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003116:Color; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D010758:Phosphorus; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C025105:fluorapatite; D002118:Calcium