title: Examining punishment at different explanatory levels.
abstract: Experimental studies on punishment have sometimes been over-interpreted not only for the reasons Guala lists, but also because of a frequent conflation of proximate and ultimate explanatory levels that Guala's review perpetuates. Moreover, for future analyses we may need a clearer classification of different kinds of punishment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. miguel.dossantos@unil.ch
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wedekind
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005716:Game Theory; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior