title: Risk factors for breast cancer among women in Bhopal urban agglomerate: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. The incidence is on the rise in India, and breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in Indian women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk factors for breast cancer patients living in Bhopal.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study was conducted in Bhopal urban agglomerate for a period of a year from October 2008 to August 2009. Demographic data and reproductive risk factor related information was collected using a structured questionnaire with analyses by Epi-info and SPSS 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A history of oral contraceptive pill use (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.15-6.65), history of not having breastfeeding (OR=3.49, 95% CI:1.22-9.97), over weight (OR=0.11, 95%CI:0.02-0.49), obese women (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.06-0.88) and family history of breast cancer (OR=3.89, 95% CI: 1.01-14.92) were associated significantly with the occurrence of breast cancer on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggests that positive family history of breast cancer and history of using OCP may be the epigenetic factors promoting the occurrence of breast cancer while breastfeeding reduces the possibility of acquiring breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. drramalodha@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rama S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lodha
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nandeshwar
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shrivastav
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lodha
authors.forename: Vimal K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.forename: Vishal V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Bankwar
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nandeshwar
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral