title: Validation of a new method for testing provider clinical quality in rural settings in low- and middle-income countries: the observed simulated patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessing the quality of care provided by individual health practitioners is critical to identifying possible risks to the health of the public. However, existing assessment methods can be inaccurate, expensive, or infeasible in many developing country settings, particularly in rural areas and especially for children. Following an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing methods for provider assessment, we developed a synthesis method combining components of direct observation, clinical vignettes, and medical mannequins which we have termed "Observed Simulated Patient" or OSP. An OSP assessment involves a trained actor playing the role of a 'mother', a life-size doll representing a 5-year old boy, and a trained observer. The provider being assessed was informed in advance of the role-playing, and told to conduct the diagnosis and treatment as he normally would while verbally describing the examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested the validity of OSP by conducting parallel scoring of medical providers in Myanmar, assessing the quality of their diagnosis and treatment of pediatric malaria, first by direct observation of true patients and second by OSP. Data were collected from 20 private independent medical practitioners in Mon and Kayin States, Myanmar between December 26, 2010 and January 12, 2011. All areas of assessment showed agreement between OSP and direct observation above 90% except for history taking related to past experience with malaria medicines. In this area, providers did not ask questions of the OSP to the same degree that they questioned real patients (agreement 82.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OSP methodology may provide a valuable option for quality assessment of providers in places, or for health conditions, where other assessment tools are unworkable.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Population Services International, Yangon, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Tin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montagu
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schlein
authors.forename: Thin Myat
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Khine
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000592:standards*; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012424:Rural Population; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods