title: Effects of nicotine on guided bone augmentation in rat calvarium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A limited number of experimental animal studies and in vitro studies have confirmed that nicotine impairs bone healing, diminishes osteoblast function, causes autogenous bone graft morbidity, and decreases graft biomechanical properties. The aim of this study was the histomrphometric assessment of the effect of nicotine on guided bone augmentation in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a nicotine group and a control group. All animals received either nicotine (3 mg/kg) or saline 4 weeks before the surgical procedure and continued to receive nicotine or saline from surgery until death at 12 weeks. Two plastic caps were placed in the exposed calvaria of rats. Images of bone augmentation within the plastic caps were then taken using microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT). Histological sections were cut along the same plane as that used for micro-CT images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone augmentation beyond the skeletal envelope occurred in both the nicotine and control groups. However, the nicotine group showed significantly smaller increases in bone volume and bone height than the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicotine jeopardized, but did not prevent, the process of guided bone augmentation in a rat model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oginuma
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine