title: Erythrocyte damage of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) caused by microcystin-LR: in vitro study.
abstract: Fish suffer from anemia and hypovolemic hypotensive shock after in vivo exposure with microcystins.However, except for in vivo causes for anemia and hypotension, an in vitro study of fish erythrocytes exposed to MC is necessary. For a better understanding of hematology toxicity of MC, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of microcystin on fish erythrocytes in vitro. Crucian carp erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at doses of 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 nM.The level of lipid peroxidate significantly increased in MC-LR treatment groups. Glutathione decreased after exposure to MC-LR. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase,glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase,were significantly increased after exposure with MC-LR.The hemolysis was significantly increased, while the activities of acetylcholinesterase, Na?–K?-ATPase and Ca2?–Mg2?-ATPase were significantly decreased. In addition, pathological alterations in agglomerated and jagged erythrocytes were observed in blood smears. The findings indicate that damages to erythrocytes should also be responsible for anemia and hypotensive shock or even death.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. xuezhen@mail.hzau.edu.cn
authors.forename: Wenshan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hualei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xuezhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood; D006054:Goldfish / Q000097:blood*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D012769:Shock / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C057862:cyanoginosin LR; D005978:Glutathione