title: Inclusion of bovine lipoproteins and the vitamin E analogue, Trolox, during in vitro culture of bovine embryos changes both embryo and fetal development.
abstract: This experiment investigated effects of lipoproteins and Trolox (vitamin E analogue) on bovine embryo and fetal development. The treatments were: in vitro culture (IVC) in synthetic oviducal fluid alone (SOF); with bovine lipoproteins (2% v/v; SOFLP); with Trolox (100μM; SOFT); and with lipoproteins and Trolox (SOFLPT). In vitro culture with lipoproteins increased fatty acid content of blastocysts (P<0.001) whereas inclusion of Trolox had no effect (P>0.05). Whereas lipoproteins reduced zygote development to blastocysts (P=0.03), Trolox facilitated increased development (P<0.001) and counteracted the reduction observed with lipoproteins (interaction, P=0.009). Lipoproteins also compromised (P<0.001) but presence of Trolox (P>0.05) had no effect on blastocyst morphological grade. Pregnancy rates resulting from synchronous transfer of IVP embryos were not affected by IVC treatment. At Day 70 of pregnancy, compared with SOF, fetal weight was lower in SOFLP but not SOFLPT (interaction, P<0.001). Liver weight (g kg(-1) fetal weight) was greater (P=0.03) in treatments containing Trolox. Placentome numbers were greater in SOF and SOFLPT compared with SOFLP and SOFT (interaction, P=0.002); superior embryo grades were also associated with increased numbers of placentomes (P=0.024). In conclusion, the interactive effects of lipoprotein and Trolox inclusion on in vitro embryo development were also evident in fetal development at Day 70.
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Livestock Systems Group, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK. john.rooke@sac.ac.uk
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rooke
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ashworth
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: McEvoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013045:Species Specificity; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014810:Vitamin E; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid