title: Predicting story goodness performance from cognitive measures following traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the prediction of performance on measures of the Story Goodness Index (SGI; Lê, Coelho, Mozeiko, & Grafman, 2011) from executive function (EF) and memory measures following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that EF and memory measures would significantly predict SGI outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-seven individuals with TBI participated in the study. Story retellings were analyzed using the SGI protocol. Three cognitive measures--Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001) Sorting Test, Wechsler Memory Scale--Third Edition (WMS-III; Wechsler, 1997) Working Memory Primary Index (WMI), and WMS-III Immediate Memory Primary Index (IMI)--were entered into a multiple linear regression model for each discourse measure. Two sets of regression analyses were performed, the first with the Sorting Test as the first predictor and the second with it as the last.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first set of regression analyses identified the Sorting Test and IMI as the only significant predictors of performance on measures of the SGI. The second set identified all measures as significant predictors when evaluating each step of the regression function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cognitive variables predicted performance on the SGI measures, although there were differences in the amount of explained variance. The results (a) suggest that storytelling ability draws on a number of underlying skills and (b) underscore the importance of using discrete cognitive tasks rather than broad cognitive indices to investigate the cognitive substrates of discourse.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lê
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mozeiko
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grafman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results