title: Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice by photobiomodulation induced by 670 nm light.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The approved immunomodulatory agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are only partially effective. It is thought that the combination of immunomodulatory and neuroprotective strategies is necessary to prevent or reverse disease progression. Irradiation with far red/near infrared light, termed photobiomodulation, is a therapeutic approach for inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Data suggests that near-infrared light functions through neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We sought to investigate the clinical effect of photobiomodulation in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical effect of photobiomodulation induced by 670 nm light was investigated in the C57BL/6 mouse model of EAE. Disease was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) according to standard laboratory protocol. Mice received 670 nm light or no light treatment (sham) administered as suppression and treatment protocols. 670 nm light reduced disease severity with both protocols compared to sham treated mice. Disease amelioration was associated with down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α) and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies document the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation with 670 nm light in the EAE model, in part through modulation of the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kamaldeen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Muili
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Janis T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Eells
authors.forename: Jeri-Anne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lyons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007259:Infrared Rays / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018462:Photobiology; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators