title: Association between parent reports of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviours and child impulsivity in children with severe intellectual disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although children with intellectual disability (ID) seemed to be at increased risk for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/hyperactivity problems when assessed with parent report questionnaires and clinical interviews, there has been little attention to the associations between parent reports and observed child behaviours. The purpose of the present study was to compare clinical symptoms and observed impulsivity in children with ID whose parents reported them as being relatively high and low in ADHD symptoms, and to examine whether any differences were associated with developmental level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 28 children with ID completed a behaviour rating scale of hyperactivity symptoms. Parents were also interviewed using a robust clinical interview tool focused on hyperactivity symptoms. The children were all tested by an experimenter to measure their impulsive behaviour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those children with clinical range scores on parent questionnaire ratings were also reported by parents to have more ADHD symptoms using a parent report clinical interview. Although these children were also more impulsive on an experimental task, when children's developmental ages were statistically controlled impulsivity differences disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parent reports of ADHD symptoms in children with ID may be positively associated with data derived using clinical interview methods, but they may be less sensitive to developmental expectations when compared with observed child behaviour. Practical implications include the need for multiple sources of information and normative data for children with ID on simple experimental tasks that can be used to aid diagnosis of ADHD in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bigham
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: R S P
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis