title: Impact of DAG stimulation on mineral synthesis, mineral structure and osteogenic differentiation of human cord blood stem cells.
abstract: It remains unexplored in what way osteogenic stimulation with dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β-glycerol phosphate (DAG) influences the process of mineralization, the composition and structure of the assembled mineral. Therefore, we analyzed and characterized biomineralization in DAG-stimulated and unstimulated 3D human unrestricted somatic stem cell (USSC) cultures. Microspheres were analyzed by histological staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), quantitative wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and Raman spectroscopy. Mineral material was detected by SEM and histological staining in both groups, and showed structural differences. DAG influenced the differentiation of USSCs and the formation, structure and composition of the assembled mineral. SEM showed that cells of the +DAG spheres exhibited morphological signs of osteoblast-like cells. EDX and WDX confirmed a Ca-P mineral in both groups. Overall, the mineral material found showed structural similarities to the mineral substance of bony material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Naujoks
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berr
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Depprich
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Langenbach
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lüttenberg
authors.forename: Gesine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kögler
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Handschel
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D053686:Fetal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D004075:Diglycerides