title: American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for transrectal ultrasound-guided permanent prostate brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide updated American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) guidelines for transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  The ABS formed a committee of brachytherapists and researchers experienced in the clinical practice of PPB to formulate updated guidelines for this technique. Sources of input for these guidelines included prior published guidelines, clinical trials, published literature, and experience of the committee. The recommendations of the committee were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the ABS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with high probability of organ-confined disease or limited extraprostatic extension are considered appropriate candidates for PPB monotherapy. Low-risk patients may be treated with PPB alone without the need for supplemental external beam radiotherapy. High-risk patients should receive supplemental external beam radiotherapy if PPB is used. Intermediate-risk patients should be considered on an individual case basis. Intermediate-risk patients with favorable features may appropriately be treated with PPB monotherapy but results from confirmatory clinical trials are pending. Computed tomography-based postimplant dosimetry performed within 60 days of the implant is considered essential for maintenance of a satisfactory quality assurance program. Postimplant computed tomography-magnetic resonance image fusion is viewed as useful, but not mandatory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Updated guidelines for patient selection, workup, treatment, postimplant dosimetry, and followup are provided. These recommendations are intended to be advisory in nature with the ultimate responsibility for the care of the patients resting with the treating physicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. davis.brian@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Juanita M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Crook
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Nelson N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potters
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zietman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zelefsky
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States