title: Impact of vitamin D deficiency on the productivity of a health care workforce.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the relationship between vitamin D status and employee presenteeism in a large sample of health care employees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observation study of 10,646 employees of a Midwestern-integrated health care system who completed an on-line health risk appraisal questionnaire and were measured for 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measured differences in productivity due to presenteeism were 0.66, 0.91, and 0.75 when comparing employees above and below vitamin D levels of 20 ng/mL, 30 ng/mL, and 40 ng/mL, respectively. These productivity differences translate into potential productivity savings of 0.191%, 0.553%, and 0.625%, respectively, of total payroll costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low vitamin D status is associated with reduced employee work productivity. Employee vitamin D assessment and replenishment may represent a low-cost, high-return program to mitigate risk factors and health conditions that drive total employer health care costs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Care Innovation and Penny George Institute for Health and Healing, Minneapolis, MN, USA. gregory.plotnikoff@allina.com
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Plotnikoff
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dusek
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D