title: PFOS induced precocious hatching of Oryzias melastigma--from molecular level to individual level.
abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) showed a risk of causing adverse effects including hatching of animals. However, there are no systematical studies about the effects of PFOS on fish embryo hatching. In this study, a precocious hatching was detected in Oryzias melastigma embryos upon PFOS exposure. The average hatching time was shortened and the hatching rate increased after PFOS exposure. The subsequent survival rate decreased significantly in the larvae hatching from the PFOS-treated embryos compared to the control. The influence occurred in a PFOS concentration-dependent manner. To further elucidate the inner molecular change, full length cDNAs of hatching enzymes HCE and LCE were first cloned in O. melastigma by degenerate RT-PCR and RACE. PFOS elicited a transcriptional response of both HCE and LCE. The expressions of both genes were significantly up-regulated earlier in the PFOS-treated group than in the control group. The activity of hatching enzyme also significantly increased upon exposure. In all, our results showed that exposure to PFOS could induce the hatching enzyme both at transcriptional and enzymatic activity level and further lead to the precocious hatching of O. melastigma embryos, which induced the decrease of the subsequent larvae survival.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qiansheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Sijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D029941:Fish Proteins; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid