title: Opportunity nox: the future of NADPH oxidases as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Over 40 years ago, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 2 (Nox2) was discovered in phagocytes and found to be essential in innate immunity. More than 20 years passed before additional Nox isoforms were discovered; and since then, studies have revealed that several of these isoforms (Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5) are found in human cardiac and vascular cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recently, major efforts have focused on identifying inhibitors capable of ameliorating Nox-mediated CVD. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of each Nox isoform in CVD, identify steps in Nox signaling that will serve as potential targets for the design of therapeutics, and highlight innovative strategies likely to yield effective Nox inhibitors within the next decade.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology, and Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. jennifer-streeter@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streeter
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brieger
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D004579:Electron Transport; D006801:Humans; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D052156:SELEX Aptamer Technique; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases