title: Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for the selective determination of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine designer drugs in human whole blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A novel method is described for the extraction of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine designer drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine, and 3,4-(methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine, from human whole blood using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction as highly selective sample clean-up technique. Whole blood samples were diluted with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (pH 8.6) and applied to a SupelMIP-Amphetamine molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction cartridge. The cartridge was then washed to eliminate interferences, and the amphetamines of interest were eluted with formic acid/methanol (1:100, v/v). After derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride, the analytes were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recoveries of the seven amphetamines spiked into whole blood were 89.1-102%. The limits of quantification for each compound in 200 μL of whole blood were between 0.25 and 1.0 ng. The maximum intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were 9.96 and 13.8%, respectively. The results show that methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxyphenylalkyl-amine designer drugs can be efficiently extracted from crude biological samples such as whole blood by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction with good reproducibility. This extraction method will be useful for the pretreatment of human samples before gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kumazawa@med.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Seisaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchigasaki
authors.forename: Xiao-Pen
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seno
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000327:Adsorption; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D015198:Designer Drugs; D011108:Polymers; D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine; C051800:3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine