title: Sustained ocular delivery of brimonidine tartrate using ion activated in situ gelling system.
abstract: The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by conventional eye drops due to rapid precorneal elimination of the drug may be overcome by the use of an in situ gelling systems that are instilled as drops into the eye and undergo a sol-to-gel transition in the cul-de-sac which improves patient compliance as the dosage regimen is one drop of the dosage form twice a day. The loss of drug overcomes due to the immediate gel formation between the eye membrane and the drug being entrapped simultaneously in sol-gel transition in the cul de sac. The present work describes the formulation and evaluation of an ophthalmic delivery system of an antiglaucomal agent, brimonidine tartrate based on the concept of ion-activated in situ gelation. Gelrite was used as the gelling agent, which gels in the presence of mono or divalent cations present in the lacrimal fluid. The formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH measurement, gelling capacity, drug content estimation, rheological study, in-vitro diffusion study, antibacterial activity, isotonicity testing, eye irritation testing. In the developed formulations Gelrite Brimonidine-3 (GB3) exhibited sustained release of drug from formulation over a period of 8 hrs thus increasing residence time of the drug, non-irritating with no ocular damage or abnormal clinical signs to the cornea, iris or conjunctiva, stable and sterile. These results demonstrate that the developed system is an alternative to conventional ophthalmic drops, with better patient compliance, and is industrially oriented and economical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, #6/9, I. cross, Begur Road, Hongasandra, Bommanahalli, Hongasandra, Bangalore-560068, Karnataka, India. geeshwar@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geethalakshmi
authors.forename: Roopa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.forename: Sajal Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nikunj
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005782:Gels; D007477:Ions; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; C048288:gellan gum