title: New therapeutic strategy for amino acid medicine: prophylactic and healing promoting effect of monosodium glutamate against NSAID-induced enteropathy.
abstract: We reviewed the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the development and healing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal lesions in rats. Loxoprofen (60 mg/kg, p.o.) induced lesions in the small intestine within 24 h, accompanied by a decrease of Muc2 expression and an increase in enterobacterial invasion and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These lesions were prevented when MSG was given as a mixture of powdered food for 5 days before the loxoprofen treatment. This effect of MSG was accompanied by an increase in Muc2 expression / mucus secretion as well as the suppression of bacterial invasion and iNOS expression. These intestinal lesions healed spontaneously within 6 days, but the process was impaired by the repeated administration of low-dose loxoprofen (30 mg/kg) for 5 days after the ulceration, with the decrease of vascular endothelial derived growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis. The healing-impairing effect of loxoprofen was prevented by feeding 5% MSG for 5 days after the ulceration. These results suggest that MSG not only prevents loxoprofen-induced small intestinal damage but also promotes a healing of these lesions; the former is functionally associated with the increase in Muc2 expression / mucus secretion and the suppression of bacterial invasion and iNOS expression, while the latter is associated with the stimulation of VEGF expression/angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan. amagase@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kikuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amagase
authors.forename: Akimu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kojo
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizunoe
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taue
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005503:Food Additives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D055262:Mucin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D012970:Sodium Glutamate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005503:Food Additives; C524628:Muc2 protein, rat; D055262:Mucin-2; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C040656:loxoprofen; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012970:Sodium Glutamate