title: Effects of patellar taping on brain activity during knee joint proprioception tests using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patellar taping is a common treatment modality for physical therapists managing patellofemoral pain. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear, with much debate as to whether its efficacy is due to a change in patellar alignment or an alteration in sensory input.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory input hypothesis using functional magnetic resonance imaging when taping was applied to the knee joint during a proprioception task.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational study with patellar taping intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight male volunteers who were healthy and right-leg dominant participated in a motor block design study. Each participant performed 2 right knee extension repetitive movement tasks: one simple and one proprioceptive. These tasks were performed with and without patellar taping and were auditorally paced for 400 seconds at 72 beats/min (1.2 Hz).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proprioception task without patellar taping caused a positive blood oxygenation level-dependant (BOLD) response bilaterally in the medial supplementary motor area, the cingulate motor area, the basal ganglion, and the thalamus and medial primary sensory motor cortex. For the proprioception task with patellar taping, there was a decreased BOLD response in these regions. In the lateral primary sensory cortex, there was a negative BOLD response with less activity for the proprioception task with taping. Limitations This study may have been limited by the small sample size, a possible learning effect due to a nonrandom order of tasks, and use of a single-joint knee extension task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that patellar taping modulates brain activity in several areas of the brain during a proprioception knee movement task.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, School of Translational Medicine, University of Manchester, 2nd Floor, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom. michael.callaghan@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKie
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oldham
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010329:Patella / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*