title: Adenovirus-mediated delivery of CALR and MAGE-A3 inhibits invasion and angiogenesis of glioblastoma cell line U87.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of patients with glioblastoma multiforme is difficult. Poor results have led to a search for novel therapeutic approaches. Gene therapy that could be both anti-invasive and antiangiogenic would be ideal. In this study, we constructed the recombinant adenoviral vector Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3 and evaluated its antitumor effects on glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, CALR and MAGE-A3 genes were delivered to the glioblastoma cell line U87, using adenovirus (Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3). U87 glioblastoma cells were transfected with Ad-green fluorescent protein to identify the multiplicity of infection. The expressions of CALR and MAGE-A3 were detected by PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry. The invasive potential of U87 cells was determined by Matrigel invasion assay. Tube formation assay was used to detect the effects on angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Protein expressions of PI3K/AKT, Erk1/2 and MMP-2/-9 in transfected cells were detected by Western blot. In vivo, the effects of Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3 on tumor growth and angiogenesis of U87 glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expressions of CALR and MAGE-A3 in U87 cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation and invasion properties, and induced cell apoptosis. The Erk MAPK, PI3K/AKT pathways and expressions of MMP-2/-9 were inhibited in Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3-transfected cells. Outcomes of the tube formation assay confirmed the antiangiogenic effect of CALR. Moreover, in the in vivo model of glioblastoma, intratumoral injection of Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3 suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3 and Ad-CALR demonstrated antiangiogenic effects on U87 cells, the repression of invasion was significant only in Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3-treated cells. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a role for combined CALR and MAGE-A3 in the anti-invasion and antiangiogenesis of U87.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Da-Peng
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng-Qi
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D037282:Calreticulin; C072013:MAGEA3 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins