title: Low mortality risk but high loss to follow-up among patients in the Tanzanian national HIV care and treatment programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyse survival and retention rates of the Tanzanian care and treatment programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine patient-level data were available from 101 of 909 clinics. Kaplan-Meier probabilities of mortality and attrition after ART initiation were calculated. Mortality risks were corrected for biases from loss to follow-up using Egger's nomogram. Smoothed hazard rates showed mortality and attrition peaks. Cox regression identified factors associated with death and attrition. Median CD4 counts were calculated at 6 month intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 88,875 adults, 18% were lost to follow up 12 months after treatment initiation, and 36% after 36 months. Cumulative mortality reached 10% by 12 months (15% after correcting for loss to follow-up) and 14% by 36 months. Mortality and attrition rates both peaked within the first six months, and were higher among males, those under 45 kg and those with CD4 counts below 50 cells/μl at ART initiation. In the first year on ART, median CD4 count increased by 126 cells/μl, with similar changes in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Earlier diagnoses through expanded HIV testing may reduce high mortality and attrition rates if combined with better patient tracing systems. Further research is needed to explore reasons for attrition.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, National AIDS Control Programme, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Somi
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kilama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wringe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van den Hombergh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malima
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Josiah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urassa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swai
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D059012:Lost to Follow-Up; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents