title: Nanoscale ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Sb2S3 nanowire arrays.
abstract: We report the first observation of piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity in individual Sb(2)S(3) nanowires embedded in anodic alumina templates. Switching spectroscopy-piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM) measurements demonstrate that individual, c-axis-oriented Sb(2)S(3) nanowires exhibit ferroelectric as well as piezoelectric switching behavior. Sb(2)S(3) nanowires with nominal diameters of 200 and 100 nm showed d(33(eff)) values around 2 pm V(-1), while the piezo coefficient obtained for 50 nm diameter nanowires was relatively low at around 0.8 pm V(-1). A spontaneous polarization (P(s)) of approximately 1.8 μC cm(-2) was observed in the 200 and 100 nm Sb(2)S(3) nanowires, which is a 100% enhancement when compared to bulk Sb(2)S(3) and is probably due to the defect-free, single-crystalline nature of the nanowires synthesized. The 180° ferroelectric monodomains observed in Sb(2)S(3) nanowires were due to uniform polarization alignment along the polar c-axis.
authors.affiliation: Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: Lynette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keeney
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Whatmore
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000965:Antimony / Q000737:chemistry*; D004560:Electricity; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D000965:Antimony; C064234:antimony trisulfide; D000537:Aluminum Oxide