title: Simultaneous quantification of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring.
abstract: A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantification in human plasma of all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline) and their main active metabolites (desmethyl-citalopram and norfluoxetine). A stable isotope-labeled internal standard was used for each analyte to compensate for the global method variability, including extraction and ionization variations. After sample (250μl) pre-treatment with acetonitrile (500μl) to precipitate proteins, a fast solid-phase extraction procedure was performed using mixed mode Oasis MCX 96-well plate. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 9.0min on a XBridge C18 column (2.1×100mm; 3.5μm) using a gradient of ammonium acetate (pH 8.1; 50mM) and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3ml/min. The method was fully validated according to Société Française des Sciences et Techniques Pharmaceutiques protocols and the latest Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Six point calibration curves were used to cover a large concentration range of 1-500ng/ml for citalopram, desmethyl-citalopram, paroxetine and sertraline, 1-1000ng/ml for fluoxetine and fluvoxamine, and 2-1000ng/ml for norfluoxetine. Good quantitative performances were achieved in terms of trueness (84.2-109.6%), repeatability (0.9-14.6%) and intermediate precision (1.8-18.0%) in the entire assay range including the lower limit of quantification. Internal standard-normalized matrix effects were lower than 13%. The accuracy profiles (total error) were mainly included in the acceptance limits of ±30% for biological samples. The method was successfully applied for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of more than 1600 patient plasma samples over 9 months. The β-expectation tolerance intervals determined during the validation phase were coherent with the results of quality control samples analyzed during routine use. This method is therefore precise and suitable both for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies in most clinical laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Hospital of Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland. nicolas.ansermot@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ansermot
authors.forename: Marlyse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brawand-Amey
authors.forename: Chin B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Eap
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C018824:ammonium acetate