title: Anti-urolithiatic effects of Punica granatum in male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The traditional use of Punica granatum has been reported to regulate urine discharge and controls the burning sensation of urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis was developed in male rats by adding ethylene glycol 0.75% in drinking water. The Punica granatum chloroform extract (PGCE) and Punica grantum methanol extract (PGME) orally at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg, respectively, were administered along with ethylene glycol for 28 days. On 28 day, 24h urine was collected from individual rats and used for estimation of urine calcium, phosphate and oxalate. The serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels were estimated in each animal. The kidney homogenate was used for the estimation of renal oxalate contents. The paraffin kidney sections were prepared to observe the CaOx deposits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethylene glycol control (Gr.-II) had significant (P<0.001 vs. normal) increase in levels of urine oxalate, calcium and phosphate, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid and renal tissues oxalates, as compared to normal (Gr.-I). The paraffin kidney sections show significant histopathological changes. The treatment of PGCE and PGME at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses, significantly (P<0.001 vs. control) decreased the urine oxalate, calcium and phosphate, renal tissue oxalates and serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, in EG induced urolithiasis after 28 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PGCE and PGME at the doses of 400mg/kg, found to be more effective in decreasing the urolithiasis and regeneration of renal tissues in male rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, H.S.K College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. nanurathod@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.forename: Dipak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chitme
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ratna
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Muchandi
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D029561:Lythraceae; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000652:urine; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D010710:Phosphates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D002118:Calcium