Children's loneliness, sense of coherence, family climate, and hope: developmental risk and protective factors.
The study examined the contributions of individual and familial variables for the prediction of loneliness as a developmental risk and the sense of coherence as a protective factor. The sample consisted of 287 children from grades 5-6. Their loneliness, sense of coherence, hope, effort, and family climate were assessed. Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that family cohesion and children's hope contributed to the explanation of the risk and protective outcomes. Yet, the contribution of the family adaptability was not significant. Cluster analysis of the family climate dimensions (i.e., cohesion and adaptability) was performed to clarify the interactive roles of family adaptability together with family cohesion. The authors identified 4 separate family profiles: Children in the 2 cohesive families' clusters (Cohesive Structured Families and Cohesive Adaptable Families) reported the lowest levels of loneliness and the highest levels of personal strengths. Children within rigid and noncohesive family cluster reported the highest levels of loneliness and the lowest levels of children's sense of coherence. The unique role of the family flexibility within nonsupportive family systems was demonstrated. The results further clarified the unique profiles' characteristics of the different family clusters and their adjustment indexes in terms of loneliness and personal strengths.
Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and the Arts, 149 Derech Namir, Tel Aviv, 62507, Israel. adikobi1@zahav.net.il
Adi
A
Sharabi
Uzi
U
Levi
Malka
M
Margalit
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D060685:Sense of Coherence / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires