Smad-mediated regulation of microRNA biosynthesis.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs conserved in metazoans. Depletion of miRNAs results in embryonic lethality, suggesting they are essential for embryogenesis. Similarly, pathways induced by growth factors of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily control cell growth, differentiation, and development. Recently Smad proteins, the signal transducers of the TGF-β pathway, were found to regulate miRNA expression, which, in turn, affects expression of numerous proteins. Smads modulate miRNA expression through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms illustrating the complexity of gene regulation by TGF-β. In this chapter we summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms underlying Smad-mediated regulation of miRNA biogenesis.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Matthew T
MT
Blahna
Akiko
A
Hata
D000818:Animals; D060565:Argonaute Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D043244:Ribonuclease III / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
C115848:AGO1 protein, human; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D035683:MicroRNAs; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C408087:DICER1 protein, human; C517918:DROSHA protein, human; D043244:Ribonuclease III; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases