The evolution of parasitoid fecundity: a paradigm under scrutiny.
An important assumption in insect parasitoid life-history theory is that, within parasitoid complexes (species assemblages associated with particular hosts), members attacking young host stages are more fecund than members targeting older ones. This hypothesis reflects the general trajectory of host survivorship curves: as a host cohort ages, availability to female parasitoids declines, as can the risk that the host - and the parasitoid offspring it carries - succumbs to extrinsic mortality. However, the analyses that provided empirical support for the hypothesis did not control for phylogeny. Using the original datasets, we use phylogenetically corrected analyses to test whether the results of the seminal study are upheld. Although we show those findings to be robust, the decline in fecundity could be a sampling artefact. We conclude that it would be unwise to assume the paradigm to be generally representative of natural parasitoid complexes.
Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Biomedical Sciences Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
Mark A
MA
Jervis
Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Biomedical Sciences Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UKDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN55108, USA.
Annika
A
Moe
Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Biomedical Sciences Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UKDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN55108, USA.
George E
GE
Heimpel
D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000469:parasitology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010058:Oviposition; D010802:Phylogeny; D014863:Wasps / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*