Understanding calcium waves and sparks in central neurons.
All cells use changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) to regulate cell signalling events. In neurons, with their elaborate dendritic and axonal arborizations, there are clear examples of both localized and widespread Ca(2+) signals. [Ca(2+)](i) changes that are generated by Ca(2+) entry through voltage- and ligand-gated channels are the best characterized. In addition, the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores can result in increased [Ca(2+)](i); the signals that trigger this release have been less well-studied, in part because they are not usually associated with specific changes in membrane potential. However, recent experiments have revealed dramatic widespread Ca(2+) waves and localized spark-like events, particularly in dendrites. Here we review emerging data on the nature of these signals and their functions.
New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA. ross@nymc.edu
William N
WN
Ross
D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*
D015220:Calcium Channels