Reduced serum non-enzymatic antioxidant defense and increased lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients on a hypocaloric diet.
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may be associated with the pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia (SZ). Some studies indicate that nutritional supplements offer protection from OS, but there is no data about the effect of a hypocaloric diet on OS in this population. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of a hypocaloric dietary intervention on OS in subjects with SZ.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 96 participants in outpatient treatment for SZ comprised patients separated into two groups: one group of subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (HD) program (n=42), while the other group followed a regular diet (RD) with no nutritional restrictions (n=54). The serum total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were assessed.


RESULTS
TRAP levels were lower and TBARS levels were higher in the HD group than in the RD group (p=0.022 and p=0.023, respectively). There were no differences in TAR levels between the groups. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between TRAP and TBARS levels after adjusting for BMI and clozapine dose (partial correlation=0.42, p<0.001). There were no correlations among the length of illness or diet and the levels of TRAP, TBARS, and TAR.


CONCLUSIONS
Subjects with SZ on a hypocaloric diet displayed different OS parameters than those not following a HD. Serum TRAP levels were lower and TBARS levels were higher among SZ subjects with HD compared to SZ subjects without HD. Lower TRAP levels may reflect decreased oxidative stress, whereas higher TBARS levels most likely reflect a biochemical reaction to the decreased TRAP levels. Additionally, TAR levels were similar between groups, suggesting a similar quality of antioxidant defenses, despite quantitative differences between the two dietary protocols in SZ patients under outpatient care.
Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Karine
K
Zortea
Brisa Simões
BS
Fernandes
Lísia Rejane
LR
Guimarães
Lenise Petter
LP
Francesconi
Camila
C
Lersch
Clarissa Severino
CS
Gama
Rafael
R
Schroeder
Alfeu
A
Zanotto-Filho
José Claudio
JC
Moreira
Maria Inês Rodrigues
MI
Lobato
Paulo Silva
PS
Belmonte-de-Abreu
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances