Harmonic nanocrystals for biolabeling: a survey of optical properties and biocompatibility.
Nonlinear optical nanocrystals have been recently introduced as a promising alternative to fluorescent probes for multiphoton microscopy. We present for the first time a complete survey of the properties of five nanomaterials (KNbO(3), LiNbO(3), BaTiO(3), KTP, and ZnO), describing their preparation and stabilization and providing quantitative estimations of their nonlinear optical response. In the light of their prospective use as biological and clinical markers, we assess their biocompatibility on human healthy and cancerous cell lines. Finally, we demonstrate the great potential for cell imaging of these inherently nonlinear probes in terms of optical contrast, wavelength flexibility, and signal photostability.
Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Davide
D
Staedler
Thibaud
T
Magouroux
Rachid
R
Hadji
Cécile
C
Joulaud
Jérôme
J
Extermann
Sebastian
S
Schwung
Solène
S
Passemard
Christelle
C
Kasparian
Gareth
G
Clarke
Mathias
M
Gerrmann
Ronan
R
Le Dantec
Yannick
Y
Mugnier
Daniel
D
Rytz
Daniel
D
Ciepielewski
Christine
C
Galez
Sandrine
S
Gerber-Lemaire
Lucienne
L
Juillerat-Jeanneret
Luigi
L
Bonacina
Jean-Pierre
JP
Wolf
D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003102:Colloids; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D009556:Niobium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D017785:Photons; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011188:Potassium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
D017609:Barium Compounds; D003102:Colloids; D010087:Oxides; D010710:Phosphates; D009556:Niobium; D014867:Water; C477466:potassium niobate; C091692:lithium niobate; C024547:barium titanate(IV); C064806:potassium titanylphosphate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014025:Titanium; D011188:Potassium; D015034:Zinc Oxide