Gestational diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome diagnosed during pregnancy.
BACKGROUND
The aim was to analyze the impact of obesity on women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the association of obesity and GDM with the metabolic syndrome.


METHODS
In a retrospective study, the data of 233 obese women with GDM were compared with the data of 96 women with GDM and normal weight.


RESULTS
Significantly higher fasting glycemia before the oral glucose tolerance test (5.2±1.1 mmol/L vs. 4.5±0.8 mmol/L, P<0.00001) and higher frequency of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (26.2% vs. 9.4%, P=0.0003) were found in obese women with GDM than in GDM women of normal weight. These women needed insulin therapy more often (18.9% vs. 8.3%, P=0.007). Also 31 (13.3 %) of them had chronic hypertension as compared with 3.1% in women of normal weight (P=0.003). These 31 women had three components necessary for diagnosing of metabolic syndrome according to the World Health Organization-impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, and hypertension. No difference in gestational age and mean weight of their newborns was found, but newborns of obese GDM women with metabolic syndrome components more often were significantly macrosomic with features of diabetic fetopathy and had more often symptoms of hypoglycemia after birth.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of obesity and GDM has a significant impact on both maternal and fetal complications. The metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed not only after pregnancy but also during pregnancy.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Dalia
D
Baliutavičienė
Jūratė B
JB
Buinauskienė
Vladimiras
V
Petrenko
Evalda
E
Danytė
Rimantas
R
Žalinkevičius
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008097:Lithuania / Q000453:epidemiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin