[Multicenter case-control study of the relationship between smoking and bladder cancer in China].
OBJECTIVE
To explore the relationship between smoking and bladder cancer in China.


METHODS
A multicenter case-control study was conducted from September 2005 to June 2008. A total of 432 bladder cancer patients, matched with 392 control cases, received a questionnaire including the type of exposure (active vs. passive smoking), the age of beginning and/or quitting smoking, smoking amount and time and depth of smoke inhalation.


RESULTS
Both active smoking and passive smoking increased the incidence of bladder cancer (P < 0.05). Bladder cancer risk increased 1.89 times in active smokers and 1.88 times in passive smokers compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05). Smoke amount and time were significantly correlated with bladder cancer risk (P < 0.05). But the age of beginning smoking did not affect the bladder cancer risk (P > 0.05). Inhaling smoke into mouth or throat was also a risk factor for bladder cancer (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
There is a strong association between smoking and bladder cancer. Active and passive smoking, smoke amount and time, and the depth of smoke inhalation are risk factors for bladder cancer. The best way of preventing bladder cancer is never smoking.
Department of Urology, First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China.
Qi-Shan
QS
Dai
Hui-Chan
HC
He
Chao
C
Cai
Jia-Hong
JH
Chen
Zhao-Dong
ZD
Han
Guo-Qiang
GQ
Qin
Yu-Xiang
YX
Liang
Wei-de
WD
Zhong
D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution