Effect of cerium chloride application on fibroblast and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated effects of cerium-chloride on fibroblast and osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.


METHODS
MC3T3-E1 cells were plated for an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test. On day 3, CeCl(3)-solutions (1, 5 or 10, w/v%) were added. After 10s, the solutions were aspirated and washed to remove residual CeCl(3). On day 6 ALP activity was determined. Cell activity and proliferation was assessed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium dye reduction assay (MTT-test) also 3 days after exposure to the CeCl(3)-solutions. Calcium deposition by preosteoblastic cells was determined 4 weeks after the exposure of the cells by alizarin red staining. Furthermore, in all experiments the influence of adding rhBMP-2 was tested. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated-measures ANOVA using the post hoc Fisher least significant difference (LSD) test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.


RESULTS
Exposure to a Ce-solution of 1% or higher reduced ALP activity significantly. The addition of rhBMP-2 was able to elevate ALP activity above control level. MTT-test showed a significant decrease in cellular activity by 5% Ce or higher. The addition of rhBMP-2 had no positive effect. For human foreskin fibroblasts, exposure to even 10% Ce yielded a significant increase in cellular activity. Ce reduced calcium deposition to a level of below 50% of the control. The addition of rhBMP-2 restored mineral deposition to control levels for all Ce concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
CeCl(3) had a stimulating effect on fibroblasts but a depressing influence on osteoblasts. However, adding rhBMP-2 could compensate the latter influence.
Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Patrick R
PR
Schmidlin
Alexandre
A
Tchouboukov
Florian J
FJ
Wegehaupt
Franz E
FE
Weber
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D002712:Chlorides; D002563:Cerium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase