[Surgical anatomy of totally trans-oral video-assisted thyroidectomy].
OBJECTIVE
To define the anatomical approach, anatomical planes and related vessels and nerves to create a safe and reproducible combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access for trans-oral video-assisted thyroidectomy.


METHODS
From November 2009 to May 2011, twenty-five embalmed human specimens were dissected for anatomical information of the cervical region, the mandible region and the supra-hyoid muscles. On twenty fresh frozen human specimens after an experimental trans-oral endoscopic thyroidectomy, the related vascular, neural structures and muscles were evaluated.


RESULTS
The optical access port was placed in the midline sublingual. The geniohyoid muscle, mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle were divided in the midline in order to reach the plane under the platysma muscle. The mucosa was sagittal incised bilaterally in the vestibular of oral cavity for working trocar, at the level of the first molar of the mandible. The working trocar reached directly the periosteum of the mandible, under the facial vessel and the marginal branch of facial nerve, and then passed below the platysma muscle into the infra-laryngeal working area. The distance from mental nerve to mandibular midline and between mental nerve and facial artery were (25.8 ± 0.9) mm and (29.4 ± 0.9) mm respectively. Anatomical dissections showed that after an experimental trans-oral combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access, all muscles of the floor of the oral cavity as well as the related vascular and neural structures are intact. The maximum nodule size of the resected specimens in the totally trans-oral approach was up to 50 mm.


CONCLUSIONS
The combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access of trans-oral video-assisted thyroidectomy is safe and reproducible.
Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Pei-yi
PY
Guo
Zhi-ping
ZP
Tang
Zi-hai
ZH
Ding
Guo-liang
GL
Chu
Huo-sheng
HS
Yao
Hua-qiao
HQ
Wang
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult