[A case-control study on the risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a medical intensive care unit].
OBJECTIVE
To explore the risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) in Fujian Provincial Hospital.


METHODS
A 1:4 matched case-control study was carried out in the MICU in Fujian Provincial Hospital. Thirty-five patients with hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infection by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from 2007 to 2010 were included as cases, and 140 patients without lower respiratory tract infection served as controls. The case group included 22 cases with respiratory diseases, 4 with cerebrovascular diseases, 4 with cardiovascular diseases, 1 with hemorrhage of the digestive tract, 1 with acute pancreatitis, 1 with chronic kidney disease, 1 with cervical cancer and 1 with Alzheimer's disease. While the control group included 30 cases with respiratory diseases, 44 with cerebrovascular diseases, 14 with cardiovascular diseases, 2 with malignant tumors and 50 with others. Patients' information, general situation before being admitted to MICU, drug therapy, invasive procedures and hospital-acquired infection were analyzed. Conditional logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors.


RESULTS
Univariate analysis showed that factors such as more than 4 underlying diseases (OR = 4.63), APACHE-II score ≥ 20(OR = 10.29), stay in the general ward more than 1 week before being admitted to MICU, treatment with more than 3 kinds of antibiotics (OR = 8.03), endotracheal intubation (OR = 4.10) or tracheotomy (OR = 50.29) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 7.95) were risk factors for hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infection by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Multivariate logistic regression showed that variables such as APACHE-II score (OR = 8.39), kinds of antibiotics used (OR = 5.96) and tracheotomy (OR = 28.92) were independent risk factors (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Underlying diseases, the severity of diseases, tracheotomy, mechanical ventilation, and the use of wide-spectrum antibiotics are important risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in MICU. To identify these factors and take preventive measures earlier may be useful for decreasing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection-related mortality.
Fujian Provincial Medical College Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
Neng-luan
NL
Xu
Song-jing
SJ
Shi
Zhi-shuang
ZS
Lai
Hong-ru
HR
Li
Shuang-qing
SQ
Lian
Yu-sheng
YS
Chen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020615:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia