ICU management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has very high morbidity and mortality rates. Optimal intensive care unit (ICU) management requires knowledge of the potential complications that occur in this patient population.


METHODS
Review of the ICU management of SAH. Level of evidence for specific recommendations is provided.


RESULTS
Grading scales utilizing clinical factors and brain imaging studies can help in determining prognosis and are reviewed. Misdiagnosis of SAH is fairly common so the clinical symptoms and signs of SAH are summarized. The ICU management of SAH is discussed beginning with a focus on avoiding aneurysm re-rupture and securing the aneurysm, followed by a review of the neurologic and medical complications that may occur after the aneurysm is secured. Detailed treatment strategies and areas of current and future research are reviewed.


CONCLUSIONS
The ICU management of the patient with SAH can be particularly challenging and requires an awareness of all potential neurologic and medical complications and their urgent treatments.
Neurology and Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Deborah M
DM
Green
Joseph D
JD
Burns
Christina M
CM
DeFusco
D000328:Adult; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures