Sexually transmitted infections in newly arrived refugees: is routine screening for Neisseria gonorrheae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection indicated?
More than 340 million cases of bacterial and protozoal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur annually. Approximately 70,000 refugees arrive in the United States on a yearly basis. Refugees are a particularly disenfranchised and vulnerable population. The prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea in refugee populations has not been described, and the utility of routine screening is unknown. We performed a descriptive evaluation of 25,779 refugees who completed a screening medical examination in Minnesota during 2003-2010. A total of 18,516 (72%) refugees were tested for at least one STI: 183 (1.1%) of 17,235 were seropositive for syphilis, 15 (0.6%) of 2,512 were positive for Chlamydia, 5 (0.2%) of 2,403 were positive for gonorrhea, 136 (2.0%) of 6,765 were positive for human immunodeficiency virus, and 6 (0.1%) of 5,873 were positive for multiple STIs. Overall prevalence of Chlamydia (0.6%) and gonorrhea (0.2%) infection was low, which indicated that routine screening may not be indicated. However, further research on this subject is encouraged.
Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. stauf005@umn.edu
William M
WM
Stauffer
John
J
Painter
Blain
B
Mamo
Robyn
R
Kaiser
Michelle
M
Weinberg
Stuart
S
Berman
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015995:Prevalence; D012036:Refugees; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013587:Syphilis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult