Minimally invasive adrenalectomy in children.
OBJECTIVE
Minimally invasive adrenalectomy (MIA) is the criterion standard for removal of small adrenal tumors in adults. The purpose of this review was to determine the place of MIA in children.


METHODS
The authors conducted a systematic review of the pediatric and adult literature about MIA, focusing on the technique and indications.


RESULTS
Minimally invasive adrenalectomy appears superior to open adrenalectomy for small tumors. The potential advantages of MIA are appealing for postoperative pain, risk of intestinal obstruction, and quality of scars. The most common approach is the transperitoneal lateral laparoscopy, which allows for a large working space. For small tumors or for bilateral adrenalectomy, the prone retroperitoneoscopy is a promising new technique. In children, the learning curve is an issue because the indications are rare. The most common indication is neuroblastoma without image-defined surgical risk factors. The incidence of local recurrence is low, but the follow-up is short in most cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Minimally invasive adrenalectomy is promising for removal of small adrenal tumors. Long-term follow-up is required to evaluate the efficacy of MIA in neuroblastomas. Benign diseases are excellent candidates for this minimally invasive technique.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monash Children's, Monash Medical Center, Clayton, Victoria,3168, Australia. yves.heloury@gmail.com
Yves
Y
Heloury
Mathie
M
Muthucumaru
Gayathri
G
Panabokke
Wei
W
Cheng
Christopher
C
Kimber
Marc David
MD
Leclair
D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018246:Adrenocortical Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D004954:Esthetics; D005729:Ganglioneuroma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D059032:Learning Curve; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011187:Posture; D012371:Robotics; D047368:Tumor Burden