Impact of periodontal therapy on the subgingival microbiota of severe periodontitis: comparison between good responders and individuals with refractory periodontitis using the human oral microbe identification microarray.
BACKGROUND
This study compares the changes to the subgingival microbiota of individuals with "refractory" periodontitis (RP) or treatable periodontitis (good responders [GR]) before and after periodontal therapy by using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) analysis.


METHODS
Individuals with chronic periodontitis were classified as RP (n = 17) based on mean attachment loss (AL) and/or >3 sites with AL ≥2.5 mm after scaling and root planing, surgery, and systemically administered amoxicillin and metronidazole or as GR (n = 30) based on mean attachment gain and no sites with AL ≥2.5 mm after treatment. Subgingival plaque samples were taken at baseline and 15 months after treatment and analyzed for the presence of 300 species by HOMIM analysis. Significant differences in taxa before and post-therapy were sought using the Wilcoxon test.


RESULTS
The majority of species evaluated decreased in prevalence in both groups after treatment; however, only a small subset of organisms was significantly affected. Species that increased or persisted in high frequency in RP but were significantly reduced in GR included Bacteroidetes sp., Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella spp., Tannerella forsythia, Dialister spp., Selenomonas spp., Catonella morbi, Eubacterium spp., Filifactor alocis, Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus sp. OT113, Fusobacterium sp. OT203, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Streptococcus intermedius or Streptococcus constellatus, and Shuttlesworthia satelles. In contrast, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Cardiobacterium hominis, Gemella haemolysans, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Kingella oralis, Lautropia mirabilis, Neisseria elongata, Rothia dentocariosa, Streptococcus australis, and Veillonella spp. were more associated with therapeutic success.


CONCLUSIONS
Persistence of putative and novel periodontal pathogens, as well as low prevalence of beneficial species was associated with chronic refractory periodontitis.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. apcolombo@micro.ufrj.br
Ana Paula V
AP
Colombo
Susan
S
Bennet
Sean L
SL
Cotton
J Max
JM
Goodson
Ralph
R
Kent
Anne D
AD
Haffajee
Sigmund S
SS
Socransky
Hatice
H
Hasturk
Thomas E
TE
Van Dyke
Floyd E
FE
Dewhirst
Bruce J
BJ
Paster
D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin