Participative development of packages in the food industry--evaluation of ergonomics and productivity by objective measurements.
Rationalizations generally have a negative effect on health and known risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. These effects may be reduced by paying attention to modifiers as worker participation and a resonant management style. In this study a participatory approach was used in the food industry in order to improve ergonomics and productivity. The food industry shows a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, and repetitive manual work occurs extensively. Prototypes of new packaging solutions were developed in three cases, and compared in a simulated production to the existing production system through direct measurements of working postures and muscle activity, ratings of physical load, and general productivity data. Measured and rated ergonomic exposures showed that workload was significantly lower for the prototypes, in all three cases. In two cases, the number of handling operations included in the packaging operations were greatly reduced with the prototype package, as were production costs. The impact on disorders of the obtained load reductions is difficult to assess, but we believe that in "critical" situations like this, even small improvements may have an effect. This study shows that workloads during manual handling of packages as well as production costs can be reduced by applying participative development of packages.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Solna, Sweden. mikael.forsman@ki.se
Mikael
M
Forsman
Eva
E
Bernmark
Birgitta
B
Nilsson
Sandra
S
Pousette
Svend Erik
SE
Mathiassen
D000328:Adult; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D004576:Electromyography; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016526:Workload