Dental fluorosis and its association with the use of fluoridated toothpaste among middle school students of Delhi.
BACKGROUND
Fluorosis can manifest as dental fluorosis (seen mostly in secondary dentition), skeletal fluorosis, and systemic fluorosis. Groundwater with high fluoride concentrations, diet rich in fish and tea, indoor air-pollution, and use of fluoride toothpastes may contribute considerably to total exposure.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and associated factors particularly fluoridated toothpastes, among middle school children of a resettlement colony in Delhi.


METHODS
This survey was conducted among the middle school students (VI th -VIII th ) studying in three government schools of Sangam Vihar, South Delhi. Students were examined for dental fluorosis by experts. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding age, source of drinking water, toothpaste used, etc. Height, weight, and hemoglobin were recorded. Two repeat visits were made. Out of 432 students enrolled in these schools, 413 students were examined.


METHODS
Descriptive and chi-square statistics were used.


RESULTS
Dental fluorosis was prevalent in 121 (29.3%) study subjects. It was significantly more in children of age 13 years or above, in those who used fluoridated toothpaste for dental cleaning (P=0.033) and in anemic children (P<0.001). However, there was no significant association of disease with gender (P=0.02), source of drinking water (P=0.417), and with BMI (P=0.826).


CONCLUSIONS
As dental fluorosis is very common (in about one-fourth) among the middle school children, in this resettlement colony of Delhi, various control measures e.g. discouraging the fluoridated toothpastes, educating parents about fluorosis, de-fluoridation of water in the high risk areas, etc may help to tackle this situation.
Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Poornima
P
Tiwari
Suminder
S
Kaur
Alka
A
Sodhi
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D060587:Groundwater; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012572:School Health Services; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013334:Students; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014505:Urban Population
D060766:Drinking Water; D014100:Toothpastes; D005459:Fluorides