The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in human pathology.
T-cell activation is dependent on signals delivered through the antigen-specific T-cell receptor and accessory receptors on T-cells. Integration of signals through this family of costimulatory and inhibitory receptors and their ligands regulates the balance between T-cell activation, tolerance, and immunopathology. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, deliver inhibitory signals and exert a vital and diverse range of immunoregulatory roles in T-cell activation, tolerance, and immune-mediated tissue damage. In this review, we revisit current understanding of the immunoregulatory functions of PD-1 and its ligands and their involvement in immune-mediated diseases.
Don C Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
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M
Saresella
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Rainone
N M
NM
Al-Daghri
M
M
Clerici
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D
Trabattoni
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor