Protein kinases and transcription factors activation in response to UV-radiation of skin: implications for carcinogenesis.
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important environmental factor that leads to immune suppression, inflammation, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. Here, we reviewed the specific signal transduction pathways and transcription factors involved in the cellular response to UV-irradiation. Increasing experimental data supporting a role for p38, MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, and ATM kinases in the response network to UV exposure is discussed. We also reviewed the participation of NF-κB, AP-1, and NRF2 transcription factors in the control of gene expression after UV-irradiation. In addition, we discussed the promising chemotherapeutic intervention of transcription factors signaling by natural compounds. Finally, we focused on the review of data emerging from the use of DNA microarray technology to determine changes in global gene expression in keratinocytes and melanocytes in response to UV treatment. Efforts to obtain a comprehensive portrait of the transcriptional events regulating photodamage of intact human epidermis after UV exposure reveals the existence of novel factors participating in UV-induced cell death. Progress in understanding the multitude of mechanisms induced by UV-irradiation could lead to the potential use of protein kinases and novel proteins as specific targets for the prevention and control of skin cancer.
Genomics Sciences Program, Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, University Autonomous of Mexico City, Av. San Lorenzo 290, 03100, Mexico; E-Mails:  mavil.lopez@uacm.edu.mx  (M.L.-C.);  maria.alvarez@uacm.edu.mx  (E.Á.-S.).
César
C
López-Camarillo
Elena Aréchaga
EA
Ocampo
Mavil López
ML
Casamichana
Carlos
C
Pérez-Plasencia
Elizbeth
E
Alvarez-Sánchez
Laurence A
LA
Marchat
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D014157:Transcription Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases