Exercise training blunts oxidative stress in sickle cell trait carriers.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of exercise training on oxidative stress in sickle cell trait carriers. Plasma levels of oxidative stress [advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrotyrosine], antioxidant markers [catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and nitrite and nitrate (NOx) were assessed at baseline, immediately following a maximal exercise test (T(ex)), and during recovery (T(1h), T(2h), T(24h)) in trained (T: 8 h/wk minimum) and untrained (U: no regular physical activity) sickle cell trait (SCT) carriers or control (CON) subjects (T-SCT, n = 10; U-SCT, n = 8; T-CON, n = 11; and U-CON, n = 11; age: 23.5 ± 2.2 yr). The trained subjects had higher SOD activities (7.6 ± 5.4 vs. 5.2 ± 2.1 U/ml, P = 0.016) and lower levels of AOPP (142 ± 102 vs. 177 ± 102 μM, P = 0.028) and protein carbonyl (82.1 ± 26.0 vs. 107.3 ± 30.6 nm/ml, P = 0.010) than the untrained subjects in response to exercise. In response to exercise, U-SCT had a higher level of AOPP (224 ± 130 vs. 174 ± 121 μM, P = 0.012), nitrotyrosine (127 ± 29.1 vs.70.6 ± 46.6 nM, P = 0.003), and protein carbonyl (114 ± 34.0 vs. 86.9 ± 26.8 nm/ml, P = 0.006) compared with T-SCT. T-SCT had a higher SOD activity (8.50 ± 7.2 vs. 4.30 ± 2.5 U/ml, P = 0.002) and NOx (28.8 ± 11.4 vs. 14.6 ± 7.0 μmol·l(-1)·min(-1), P = 0.003) in response to exercise than U-SCT. Our data indicate that the overall oxidative stress and nitric oxide response is improved in exercise-trained SCT carriers compared with their untrained counterparts. These results suggest that physical activity could be a viable method of controlling the oxidative stress. This could have a beneficial impact because of its involvement in endothelial dysfunction and subsequent vascular impairment in hemoglobin S carriers.
Center of Research and Innovation on Sports, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
Erica N
EN
Chirico
Cyril
C
Martin
Camille
C
Faës
Léonard
L
Féasson
Samuel
S
Oyono-Enguéllé
Emeline
E
Aufradet
Hervé
H
Dubouchaud
Alain
A
Francina
Emmanuelle
E
Canet-Soulas
Patrice
P
Thiriet
Laurent
L
Messonnier
Vincent
V
Pialoux
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005602:France; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D019007:P-Selectin; C546936:SELE protein, human; C546937:SELP protein, human; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase