Nanostructured biomaterials for tissue engineered bone tissue reconstruction.
Bone tissue engineering strategies are emerging as attractive alternatives to autografts and allografts in bone tissue reconstruction, in particular thanks to their association with nanotechnologies. Nanostructured biomaterials, indeed, mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the natural bone, creating an artificial microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. At the same time, the possibility to easily isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different adult tissues together with their multi-lineage differentiation potential makes them an interesting tool in the field of bone tissue engineering. This review gives an overview of the most promising nanostructured biomaterials, used alone or in combination with MSCs, which could in future be employed as bone substitutes. Recent works indicate that composite scaffolds made of ceramics/metals or ceramics/polymers are undoubtedly more effective than the single counterparts in terms of osteoconductivity, osteogenicity and osteoinductivity. A better understanding of the interactions between MSCs and nanostructured biomaterials will surely contribute to the progress of bone tissue engineering.
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Gardin
G
Chiara
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Ferroni
F
Letizia
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Via Venezia 90, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Favero
F
Lorenzo
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Via Venezia 90, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Stellini
S
Edoardo
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Via Venezia 90, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Stomaci
S
Diego
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Via Venezia 90, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Sivolella
S
Stefano
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Via Venezia 90, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Bressan
B
Eriberto
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy.
Zavan
0000-0002-4779-4456
Z
Barbara
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes