Bacillus cytotoxicus sp. nov. is a novel thermotolerant species of the Bacillus cereus Group occasionally associated with food poisoning.
An aerobic endospore-forming bacillus (NVH 391-98(T)) was isolated during a severe food poisoning outbreak in France in 1998, and four other similar strains have since been isolated, also mostly from food poisoning cases. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, these strains were shown to belong to the Bacillus cereus Group (over 97% similarity with the current Group species) and phylogenetic distance from other validly described species of the genus Bacillus was less than 95%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and MLST data, these novel strains were shown to form a robust and well-separated cluster in the B. cereus Group, and constituted the most distant cluster from species of this Group. Major fatty acids (iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), iso-C(17:0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16:0), iso-C(13:0)) supported the affiliation of these strains to the genus Bacillus, and more specifically to the B. cereus Group. NVH 391-98(T) taxon was more specifically characterized by an abundance of iso-C(15:0) and low amounts of iso-C(13:0) compared with other members of the B. cereus Group. Genome similarity together with DNA-DNA hybridization values and physiological and biochemical tests made it possible to genotypically and phenotypically differentiate NVH 391-98(T) taxon from the six current B. cereus Group species. NVH 391-98(T) therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cytotoxicus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain NVH 391-98(T) (= DSM 22905(T) = CIP 110041(T)).
Université d'Avignon, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France.|INRA, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France.
Marie-Hélène
MH
Guinebretière
AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.|INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Sandrine
S
Auger
AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.|INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Nathalie
N
Galleron
Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, Schaflandstrasse 3/2, 70736 Fellbach, Germany.
Matthias
M
Contzen
Université d'Avignon, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France.|INRA, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France.
Benoit
B
De Sarrau
ANSE, LERQUAP, Unité Caractérisation et Epidémiologie Bactérienne, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
Marie-Laure
ML
De Buyser
AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.|INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Gilles
G
Lamberet
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway.|Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Annette
A
Fagerlund
Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Per Einar
PE
Granum
AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.|INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Didier
D
Lereclus
Laboratory for Microbiology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Paul
P
De Vos
Université d'Avignon, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France.|INRA, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France.
Christophe
C
Nguyen-The
AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.|INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Alexei
A
Sorokin
D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005517:Foodborne Diseases; D005602:France; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S