Ginsenoside F2 induces apoptosis accompanied by protective autophagy in breast cancer stem cells.
Ginsenoside F2 (F2) was assessed for its antiproliferative activity against breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). F2 induced apoptosis in breast CSCs by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. Concomitantly, F2 induced the formation of acidic vesicular organelles, recruitment of GFP-LC3-II to autophagosomes, and elevation of Atg-7 levels, suggesting that F2 initiates an autophagic progression in breast CSCs. Treatment with an inhibitor of autophagy enhanced F2-induced cell death. Our findings provide new insights into the anti-cancer activity of F2 and may contribute to the rational use and pharmacological study of F2.
Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
Trang Thi
TT
Mai
JeongYong
J
Moon
YeonWoo
Y
Song
Pham Quoc
PQ
Viet
Pham Van
PV
Phuc
Jung Min
JM
Lee
Tae-Hoo
TH
Yi
Moonjae
M
Cho
Somi Kim
SK
Cho
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D036145:Ginsenosides; C407883:ginsenoside F2