Assessment of variables associated with smoking cessation in Crohn's disease.
BACKGROUND
Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who smoke have a more complicated disease course.


OBJECTIVE
Our primary objective was to assess smoking related variables that were associated with smoking cessation versus continued smoking in patients with CD.


METHODS
A multi-center study identified CD patients who were seen at the University of Chicago and University of Calgary IBD clinics. Patients were categorized into three subgroups: lifetime non-smokers, current smokers, or ex-smokers. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their cigarette smoking behavior. Current smokers were prospectively followed for 6 months to assess smoking status and attempts to quit. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with smoking cessation.


RESULTS
Three hundred patients were enrolled with 148 identifying themselves as lifetime non-smokers, 70 as current smokers, and 82 as ex-smokers. Patients who reported their first cigarette within 5 min of waking were more likely to be current smokers (OR = 21; 95% CI 3.94-107.3) as compared to patients who waited greater than 60 min. Current smokers were more likely to have one or more household members who smoked compared to ex-smokers (P < 0.05). Nearly half (49%) of the current smokers were in the precontemplation stage of change (i.e. no intention to quit smoking). At the 6-month follow-up, only 11% reported they quit smoking.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients who report a short time to first cigarette in the morning may have more difficulty in smoking cessation. Current smokers were more likely to have another smoker in the household compared to ex-smokers. Current smokers had low levels of motivation to quit smoking and consequently with no intervention, very few quit 6 months after the baseline assessment.
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. yvette.leung@albertahealthservices.ca
Yvette
Y
Leung
Gil G
GG
Kaplan
Kevin P
KP
Rioux
James
J
Hubbard
Sarah
S
Kamhawi
Lidia
L
Stasiak
Russell D
RD
Cohen
Shane M
SM
Devlin
Remo
R
Panaccione
Stephen B
SB
Hanauer
David T
DT
Rubin
D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003424:Crohn Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology