Novel hybrid molecules based on 15-membered azalide as potential antimalarial agents.
Malaria remains the most prevalent tropical disease, and due to the spread of resistant parasites novel therapeutics are urgently needed. Azithromycin has shown potential in malaria treatment so we designed hybrid azalide molecules with the aim to improve activity against and selectivity for the malaria parasite. Novel hybrid molecules comprising 4-aminoquinoline moiety covalently liked to 15-membered azalide scaffold at position C-3' were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Antimalarial testing against Plasmodium falciparum sensitive and resistant strains confirmed the improved in vitro activity over azithromycin and chloroquine. Selectivity of the compounds (HepG2 IC(50)/P. falciparum IC(50) ratio) for the parasite was high (100-2700) and their antibacterial activity diminished. Even though oral bioavailability determined for compound 12 was low, novel quinoline C-3'-substituted 15-membered azalides represent an interesting subclass of antimalarial macrolides that need further research and evaluation.
GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
Kristina
K
Starčević
Dijana
D
Pešić
Ana
A
Toplak
Goran
G
Landek
Sulejman
S
Alihodžić
Esperanza
E
Herreros
Santiago
S
Ferrer
Radan
R
Spaventi
Mihaela
M
Perić
D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*
D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000962:Antimalarials; D018942:Macrolides; D017963:Azithromycin; D002738:Chloroquine; C001920:4-aminoquinoline