Vitamin D3 and the risk of CVD in overweight and obese women: a randomised controlled trial.
Evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency contributes to CVD. We investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women. Healthy premenopausal overweight and obese women (n 77; mean age 38 (sd 8·1) years) were randomly allocated to the vitamin D (25 μg/d as cholecalciferol) or the placebo group in a double-blind manner for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, serum lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Dietary intake was recorded using 24 h food recall and FFQ. Physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mean total cholesterol concentrations increased in the vitamin D group (0·08 (sd 0·56) mmol/l) but declined in the placebo group (0·47 (sd 0·58) mmol/l), and a significant effect was observed (P ≤ 0·001). In the vitamin D group, mean HDL-cholesterol concentration increased, whereas it decreased in the placebo group (0·07 (sd 0·2) v. - 0·03 (sd 0·2) mmol/l; P = 0·037). Mean apoA-I concentration increased in the vitamin D group, although it decreased in the placebo group (0·04 (sd 0·39) v. - 0·25 (sd 0·2) g/l; P ≤ 0·001). Mean LDL-cholesterol:apoB-100 ratio augmented in the vitamin D group, while this ratio declined in the placebo group (0·11 (sd 0·6) v. - 0·19 (sd 0·3); P = 0·014). Body fat mass was significantly decreased in the vitamin D group more than the placebo group ( - 2·7 (sd 2) v. - 0·4 (sd 2) kg; P ≤ 0·001). The findings showed that supplementation with vitamin D3 can significantly improve HDL-cholesterol, apoA-I concentrations and LDL-cholesterol:apoB-100 ratio, which remained significant in the multivariate model including anthropometric, dietary and physical activity measures.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 52, Alvand Street, Arjantin Square, Tehran, Iran. f-shidfar@tums.ac.ir
Amin
A
Salehpour
Farzad
F
Shidfar
Farhad
F
Hosseinpanah
Mohammadreza
M
Vafa
Maryam
M
Razaghi
Anahita
A
Hoshiarrad
Mahmoodreza
M
Gohari
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications; D055815:Young Adult
D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002762:Cholecalciferol