Central diabetes insipidus associated with impaired renal aquaporin-1 expression in mice lacking liver X receptor β.
The present study demonstrates a key role for the oxysterol receptor liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in the etiology of diabetes insipidus (DI). Given free access to water, LXRβ(-/-) but not LXRα(-/-) mice exhibited polyuria (abnormal daily excretion of highly diluted urine) and polydipsia (increased water intake), both features of diabetes insipidus. LXRβ(-/-) mice responded to 24-h dehydration with a decreased urine volume and increased urine osmolality. To determine whether the DI was of central or nephrogenic origin, we examined the responsiveness of the kidney to arginine vasopressin (AVP). An i.p. injection of AVP to LXRβ(-/-) mice revealed a partial kidney response: There was no effect on urine volume, but there was a significant increase of urine osmolality, suggesting that DI may be caused by a defect in central production of AVP. In the brain of WT mice LXRβ was expressed in the nuclei of magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. In LXRβ(-/-) mice the expression of AVP was markedly decreased in the magnocellular neurons as well as in urine collected over a 24-h period. The persistent high urine volume after AVP administration was traced to a reduction in aquaporin-1 expression in the kidney of LXRβ(-/-) mice. The LXR agonist (GW3965) in WT mice elicited an increase in urine osmolality, suggesting that LXRβ is a key receptor in controlling water balance with targets in both the brain and kidney, and it could be a therapeutic target in disorders of water balance.
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition,  Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86 Novum,  Sweden.
Chiara
C
Gabbi
Xiaomu
X
Kong
Hitoshi
H
Suzuki
Hyun-Jin
HJ
Kim
Min
M
Gao
Xiao
X
Jia
Hideo
H
Ohnishi
Yoichi
Y
Ueta
Margaret
M
Warner
Youfei
Y
Guan
Jan-Åke
JÅ
Gustafsson
D000818:Animals; D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000652:urine; D001565:Benzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001834:Body Water; D003681:Dehydration / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D020790:Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059606:Polydipsia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D011141:Polyuria / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D013495:Supraoptic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
D001565:Benzoates; D001596:Benzylamines; C473027:GW 3965; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D051398:Aquaporin 1