The role of total bile acid in oral secretions in ventilator-associated pneumonia.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inflammatory biomarkers and total bile acid (TBA) in oral secretions in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).


METHODS
This prospective study was conducted in an intensive care unit. Oral secretions were collected from mechanically ventilated patients who met the selection criteria for VAP prevention protocol. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, C-reactive protein, surfactant protein D, and TBA in oral secretions were measured and compared between the patients with and those without VAP.


RESULTS
Thirty-nine patients with and 39 patients without VAP were studied. The levels of inflammatory biomarkers in oral secretions showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. However, the patients with VAP had significantly higher values of TBA in oral secretions than did those without VAP (median and 25th-75th interquartile range, 9.59 and 1.37-24.66 μmol/L vs 2.74 and 0.00-8.22 μmol/L; P < .003). No significant correlations were found between TBA and inflammatory biomarkers in oral secretions.


CONCLUSIONS
Duodenogastroesophageal reflux as evidenced by the presence of TBA in oral secretions is common in mechanically ventilated patients and may play a role in the development of VAP.
Respiratory Care Unit, Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Han-Chen
HC
Tsai
Fang-Chi
FC
Lin
Yi-Chu
YC
Chen
Shi-Chuan
SC
Chang
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004383:Duodenogastric Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators