Dosimetric impacts of microgravity: an analysis of 5th, 50th and 95th percentile male and female astronauts.
Computational phantoms serve an important role in organ dosimetry and risk assessment performed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A previous study investigated the impact on organ dose equivalents and effective doses from the use of the University of Florida hybrid adult male (UFHADM) and adult female (UFHADF) phantoms at differing height and weight percentiles versus those given by the two existing NASA phantoms, the computerized anatomical man (CAM) and female (CAF) (Bahadori et al 2011 Phys. Med. Biol. 56 1671-94). In the present study, the UFHADM and UFHADF phantoms of different body sizes were further altered to incorporate the effects of microgravity. Body self-shielding distributions are generated using the voxel-based ray tracer (VoBRaT), and the results are combined with depth dose data from the NASA codes BRYNTRN and HZETRN to yield organ dose equivalents and their rates for a variety of space radiation environments. It is found that while organ dose equivalents are indeed altered by the physiological effects ofmicrogravity, the magnitude of the change in overall risk (indicated by the effective dose) is minimal for the spectra and simplified shielding configurations considered. The results also indicate, however, that UFHADMand UFHADF could be useful in designing dose reduction strategies through optimized positioning of an astronaut during encounters with solar particle events.
Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Amir A
AA
Bahadori
Mary Van
MV
Baalen
Mark R
MR
Shavers
Edward J
EJ
Semones
Wesley E
WE
Bolch
D000328:Adult; D018480:Astronauts; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D018534:Earth, Planet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects*