From discrete dilated cardiomyopathy to successful cardiac transplantation in congenital disorders of glycosylation due to dolichol kinase deficiency (DK1-CDG).
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a growing group of inborn errors of protein glycosylation. Cardiac involvement is frequently observed in the most common form, PMM2-CDG, especially hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy, however, has been only observed in a few CDG subtypes, usually with a lethal outcome. We report on cardiac pathology in nine patients from three unrelated Israeli families, diagnosed with dolichol kinase deficiency, due to novel, homozygous DK1 gene mutations. The cardiac symptoms varied from discrete, mild dilation to overt heart failure with death. Two children died unexpectedly with acute symptoms of heart failure before the diagnosis of DK1-CDG and heart transplantation could take place. Three other affected children with mild dilated cardiomyopathy at the time of the diagnosis deteriorated rapidly, two of them within days after an acute infection. They all went through successful heart transplantation; one died unexpectedly and 2 others are currently (after 1-5 years) clinically stable. The other 4 children diagnosed with mild dilated cardiomyopathy are doing well on supportive heart failure therapy. In most cases, the cardiac findings dominated the clinical picture, without central nervous system or multisystem involvement, which is unique in CDG syndrome. We suggest to test for DK1-CDG in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Patients with discrete cardiomyopathy may remain stable on supportive treatment while others deteriorate rapidly. Our paper is the first comprehensive study on the phenotype of DK1-CDG and the first successful organ transplantation in CDG syndrome.
Children's Heart Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. l.kapusta@cukz.umcn.nl
Livia
L
Kapusta
Nili
N
Zucker
George
G
Frenckel
Benjamin
B
Medalion
Tuvia
T
Ben Gal
Einat
E
Birk
Hanna
H
Mandel
Nadim
N
Nasser
Sarah
S
Morgenstern
Andreas
A
Zuckermann
Dirk J
DJ
Lefeber
Arjen
A
de Brouwer
Ron A
RA
Wevers
Avraham
A
Lorber
Eva
E
Morava
D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018981:Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006031:Glycosylation; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C020087:dolichol kinase