Totally laparoscopic management of gallstone ileus--technical report and review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
Gallstone ileus is an uncommon complication of gallstone disease. It occurs in elderly patients in up to 25% of the cases. The management of gallstone ileus remains controversial. Open surgery has been the mainstay of treatment, but laparoscopic surgery has recently been used. In this study we report a case of an 87-year-old female patient with gallstone ileus who has been managed totally laparoscopically, detailing the technique and discussing the advantages of the laparoscopic approach with a review of the literature.


METHODS
The pneumoperitoneum was established with a Veress needle. A three-port approach (one 5-mm and two 10-mm trocars) and a 30° 10-mm laparoscope were used. The site of obstruction was 5 cm below the ligament of Treitz, and a single gallstone was identified. A 3-cm longitudinal enterotomy was created just above the site where the gallstone was located. An 8-cm-long gallstone was extracted. The enterotomy was closed transversely in a single layer of two sets of continuous sutures.


RESULTS
The procedure was safely performed with all the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Previous studies often described laparoscopically assisted procedures for the treatment of gallstone ileus, using a small abdominal incision. In recent years, some reports have been published on the efficacy of the totally laparoscopic approach in the management of gallstone ileus.


CONCLUSIONS
Totally laparoscopic management of gallstone ileus could be safe and effective with suggested benefits for the elderly patients.
Department of General Surgery, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Rio, Patras, Greece. azygomalas@upatras.gr
Apollon
A
Zygomalas
Stavros
S
Karamanakos
Ioannis
I
Kehagias
D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D045823:Ileus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed