Modular genetic control of sexually dimorphic behaviors.
Sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are essential for sexually dimorphic behaviors in vertebrates. However, the hormone-activated molecular mechanisms that control the development and function of the underlying neural circuits remain poorly defined. We have identified numerous sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns in the adult mouse hypothalamus and amygdala. We find that adult sex hormones regulate these expression patterns in a sex-specific, regionally restricted manner, suggesting that these genes regulate sex typical behaviors. Indeed, we find that mice with targeted disruptions of each of four of these genes (Brs3, Cckar, Irs4, Sytl4) exhibit extremely specific deficits in sex specific behaviors, with single genes controlling the pattern or extent of male sexual behavior, male aggression, maternal behavior, or female sexual behavior. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that various components of sexually dimorphic behaviors are governed by separable genetic programs.
Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Xiaohong
X
Xu
Jennifer K
JK
Coats
Cindy F
CF
Yang
Amy
A
Wang
Osama M
OM
Ahmed
Maricruz
M
Alvarado
Tetsuro
T
Izumi
Nirao M
NM
Shah
D000374:Aggression; D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004971:Estrus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D051379:Mice; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
D013739:Testosterone