Cytokine and chemokine responses to Japanese encephalitis live attenuated vaccine in a human population.
OBJECTIVE
The SA14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) live attenuated vaccine is licensed for use only in China, and has provided excellent efficacy in reducing the incidence of JE. The humoral immune response related to the JE vaccination has been well characterized, however cellular immune responses are less well known.


METHODS
Thirty-four healthy males who had recently received inoculation with the SA14-14-2 live attenuated vaccine were recruited. Serum samples from these subjects were analyzed for cytokine and chemokine levels using the FlowCytomix method.


RESULTS
Eighteen of 34 subjects were positive for JE virus-specific IgG antibodies. Levels of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β were significantly higher in the vaccinees than in a control group (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.021, and p<0.0001, respectively). IL-6 was detectable in 64.7% of vaccinees, but was not detectable in any of the controls. IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ were detected in very few subjects or were undetectable in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β may play important roles in the immune response to JE live attenuated vaccine.
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China. zhang_jiusong@yahoo.com.cn
Jiu-Song
JS
Zhang
Qiu-Min
QM
Zhao
Shu-Qing
SQ
Zuo
Na
N
Jia
Xiao-Fang
XF
Guo
D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018925:Chemokines; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated