Competence and sporulation factor derived from Bacillus subtilis  improves epithelial cell injury in intestinal inflammation  via immunomodulation and cytoprotection.
BACKGROUND
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. These probiotic effects are considered to be displayed through the mediation of effective molecules derived from these bacteria because live bacteria as well as their conditioned media exhibit beneficial effects in many cases. However, many of the probiotic-derived molecules which mediate such benefits have so far been poorly characterized. We previously found that competence and sporulation factor (CSF) activates the Akt and p38 MAPK pathways and protects epithelial cells from oxidant stress in the mammalian intestine. The purpose of this study is to determine the CSF effect on reducing intestinal inflammation.


RESULTS
A protein array demonstrated that CSF induced the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-4, IL-6 and CXCL-1, induced by TNF-α in Caco2/bbe cells. CSF also induced the cytoprotective protein Hsp 27 in Caco2/bbe cells. The histological score of intestinal inflammation in 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice with the administration of 10 nM CSF was significantly lower than that of control mice. CSF also improved the survival rate of mice treated with a lethal concentration of DSS.


CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, CSF is a potentially effective treatment for intestinal inflammation.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.
Kotaro
K
Okamoto
Mikihiro
M
Fujiya
Toshie
T
Nata
Nobuhiro
N
Ueno
Yuhei
Y
Inaba
Chisato
C
Ishikawa
Takahiro
T
Ito
Kentaro
K
Moriichi
Hiroki
H
Tanabe
Yusuke
Y
Mizukami
Eugene B
EB
Chang
Yutaka
Y
Kohgo
D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016264:Dextran Sulfate