Occupational exposures among nurses and risk of spontaneous abortion.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated self-reported occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, anesthetic gases, antiviral drugs, sterilizing agents (disinfectants), and X-rays and the risk of spontaneous abortion in US nurses.


METHODS
Pregnancy outcome and occupational exposures were collected retrospectively from 8461 participants of the Nurses' Health Study II. Of these, 7482 were eligible for analysis using logistic regression.


RESULTS
Participants reported 6707 live births, and 775 (10%) spontaneous abortions (<20 weeks). After adjusting for age, parity, shift work, and hours worked, antineoplastic drug exposure was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of spontaneous abortion, particularly with early spontaneous abortion before the 12th week, and 3.5-fold increased risk among nulliparous women. Exposure to sterilizing agents was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of late spontaneous abortion (12-20 weeks), but not with early spontaneous abortion.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that certain occupational exposures common to nurses are related to risks of spontaneous abortion.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. clawson@cdc.gov
Christina C
CC
Lawson
Carissa M
CM
Rocheleau
Elizabeth A
EA
Whelan
Eileen N
EN
Lividoti Hibert
Barbara
B
Grajewski
Donna
D
Spiegelman
Janet W
JW
Rich-Edwards
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014965:X-Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004202:Disinfectants