Cell-mediated and direct gene therapy for bone regeneration.
BACKGROUND
Bone regeneration is required for the treatment of fracture non/delayed-unions and bone defects. However, most current treatment modalities have limited efficacy, and newer therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy, have substantial benefit for bone repair and regeneration.


METHODS
This review discusses experimental and clinical applications of cell-mediated and direct gene therapy for bone regeneration. The review covers literature on this subject from 2000 to February 2012.


CONCLUSIONS
Direct gene therapy using various viral and non-viral vectors of cell-mediated genes has been demonstrated to induce bone regeneration, although use of such vectors has shown some risk in human application. Osteoinductive capability of a number of progenitor cells isolated from bone marrow, fat, muscle and skin tissues, has been demonstrated by genetic modification with osteogenic genes. Cell-mediated gene therapy using such osteogenic gene-expressing progenitor cells has shown promising results in promoting bone regeneration in extensive animal work in recent years.
The Ohio State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Akikazu
A
Ishihara
Alicia L
AL
Bertone
D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics*