Long working hours and alcohol risk among Australian and New Zealand nurses and midwives: a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
The relationship between long working hours and harmful alcohol consumption reported in the literature is equivocal.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate this relationship in a methodologically rigorous fashion.


METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort study of Australian and New Zealand nurses and midwives was undertaken.


METHODS
Psychometrically robust standardised assessments of alcohol consumption and problems and other key variables were elicited using an electronic survey. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models using complete case and multistage multiple imputed data were employed.


RESULTS
The study included 4419 participants, 3552 from Australia and 867 from New Zealand. Long working hours were common, with 33.2% working 40-49 h/week and 7.5% working ≥50 h/week. Overall, 13.9% engaged in harmful daily drinking. Significant associations between long working hours and harmful daily alcohol consumption was seen in crude and adjusted complete case and imputed logistic regression models. In the adjusted model with imputed data, the odds of harmful daily drinking increased by 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.36) between <40 h/week and 40-49 h/week groups, and between 40-49 h/week and ≥50 h/week groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Many nurses and midwives engaging in harmful daily drinking and work long hours. Since the late 1970s, the average hours worked by full-time employees in Australia has increased. Unless these long working hours can be curbed, workforce policies and programmes aimed at prevention, supportive and empathetic intervention, and recovery need to be instigated; both to protect patients and the nurses and midwives themselves.
Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. philip.schluter@otago.ac.nz
Philip J
PJ
Schluter
Catherine
C
Turner
Christine
C
Benefer
D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000523:psychology*; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D011363:Professional Impairment; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance