Effect of a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris on proliferation             of IEC-6 cells.
Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular microalgae, exerts various biological             effects; however their effect on proliferation signaling pathways in normal cells             has not been studied. We investigated the effect of hot water extracts of Chlorella             vulgaris (CVE) on cell proliferation and related signaling pathways in rat intestinal             epithelial cells (IEC-6). CVE increased the expression of insulin-like growth             factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)             and Src. In addition, CVE induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein             kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. We verified             the increased phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK) and             Akt and the increased expression of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85. CVE also             influenced the canonical Wnt pathway through increased expression of the nuclear             β-catenin, cyclin D1. Tyr-397 of FAK mediates interactions with Src homology 2             (SH2) domains in a number of other signaling proteins, including PI3K, PLC-γ,             Shc, Grb7, Src and Nck2. Because CVE induced FAK activation, FAK may affect the             Wnt pathway. Addition of a FAK inhibitor decreased the expression of nuclear β-catenin,             cyclin D1 and c-myc, and increased the expression of cytosolic β-catenin. We conclude             that CVE stimulated proliferation of IEC-6 cells via the MAPK, PI3K/Akt and canonical             Wnt pathways, and that this affected the canonical Wnt pathway.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University                     599-1, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Seo-Hyeon
SH
Song
In-Hye
IH
Kim
Taek-Jeong
TJ
Nam
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D010936:Plant Extracts; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D014867:Water; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases