Metabolic syndrome in Spain: prevalence and coronary risk associated with harmonized definition and WHO proposal. DARIOS study.
OBJECTIVE
To update the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated coronary risk in Spain, using the harmonized definition and the new World Health Organization proposal (metabolic premorbid syndrome), which excludes diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.


METHODS
Individual data pooled analysis study of 24,670 individuals from 10 autonomous communities aged 35 to 74 years. Coronary risk was estimated using the REGICOR function.


RESULTS
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31% (women 29% [95% confidence interval, 25%-33%], men 32% [95% confidence interval, 29%-35%]). High blood glucose (P=.019) and triglycerides (P<.001) were more frequent in men with metabolic syndrome, but abdominal obesity (P<.001) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=.001) predominated in women. Individuals with metabolic syndrome showed moderate coronary risk (8% men, 5% women), although values were higher (P<.001) than in the population without the syndrome (4% men, 2% women). Women and men with metabolic syndrome had 2.5 and 2 times higher levels of coronary risk, respectively (P<.001). Prevalence of metabolic premorbid syndrome was 24% and the increase in coronary risk was also proportionately larger in women than in men (2 vs 1.5, respectively; P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 31%; metabolic premorbid syndrome lowers this prevalence to 24% and delimits the population for primary prevention. The increase in coronary risk is proportionally larger in women, in both metabolic syndrome and metabolic premorbid syndrome.
Unidad de Investigación Don Benito Villanueva, Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (PERICLES), Fundesalud, Gerencia Área Sanitaria Don Benito-Villanueva, Badajoz, Spain. polonibo@gmail.com
Daniel
D
Fernández-Bergés
Antonio
A
Cabrera de León
Héctor
H
Sanz
Roberto
R
Elosua
María J
MJ
Guembe
Maite
M
Alzamora
Tomás
T
Vega-Alonso
Francisco J
FJ
Félix-Redondo
Honorato
H
Ortiz-Marrón
Fernando
F
Rigo
Carmen
C
Lama
Diana
D
Gavrila
Antonio
A
Segura-Fragoso
Luis
L
Lozano
Jaume
J
Marrugat
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
D001786:Blood Glucose