Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC.
Here we provide the updated version of the guidelines of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) on the use of opioids for the treatment of cancer pain. The update was undertaken by the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative. Previous EAPC guidelines were reviewed and compared with other currently available guidelines, and consensus recommendations were created by formal international expert panel. The content of the guidelines was defined according to several topics, each of which was assigned to collaborators who developed systematic literature reviews with a common methodology. The recommendations were developed by a writing committee that combined the evidence derived from the systematic reviews with the panellists' evaluations in a co-authored process, and were endorsed by the EAPC Board of Directors. The guidelines are presented as a list of 16 evidence-based recommendations developed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.
Palliative Care, Pain Therapy and Rehabilitation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. augusto.caraceni@istitutotumori.mi.it
Augusto
A
Caraceni
Geoffrey
G
Hanks
Stein
S
Kaasa
Michael I
MI
Bennett
Cinzia
C
Brunelli
Nathan
N
Cherny
Ola
O
Dale
Franco
F
De Conno
Marie
M
Fallon
Magdi
M
Hanna
Dagny Faksvåg
DF
Haugen
Gitte
G
Juhl
Samuel
S
King
Pål
P
Klepstad
Eivor A
EA
Laugsand
Marco
M
Maltoni
Sebastiano
S
Mercadante
Maria
M
Nabal
Alessandra
A
Pigni
Lukas
L
Radbruch
Colette
C
Reid
Per
P
Sjogren
Patrick C
PC
Stone
Davide
D
Tassinari
Giovambattista
G
Zeppetella
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy; D010166:Palliative Care; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid