Optimum bronchodilator combinations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what is the current evidence?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory syndrome affecting more than 80 million people worldwide and is estimated to become the third-leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. A standard-of-care approach to COPD treatment is multifaceted, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, yet the optimum combination among many bronchodilator possibilities remains unclear. We discuss the evidence for effectiveness of combination bronchodilator and inhaled corticosteroid therapy in affecting the minimal clinically important difference for these agents in COPD. We propose an approach to the rational use of these combinations that favours the combination of long-acting β-adrenergic agents with long-acting anticholinergic agents in lieu of any other bronchodilators whenever possible. We suggest that, to better detect effects of disease modification in COPD, future studies of combination bronchodilator effectiveness should emphasize endpoints other than short-term change in post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)).
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Matthew C
MC
Miles
James F
JF
Donohue
Jill A
JA
Ohar
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids