Association of human bocavirus 1 infection with respiratory disease in childhood follow-up study, Finland.
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) DNA is frequently detected in the upper airways of young children with respiratory symptoms. Because of its persistence and frequent co-detection with other viruses, however, its etiologic role has remained controversial. During 2009-2011, using HBoV1 IgM, IgG, and IgG-avidity enzyme immunoassays and quantitative PCR, we examined 1,952 serum samples collected consecutively at 3- to 6-month intervals from 109 constitutionally healthy children from infancy to early adolescence. Primary HBoV1 infection, as indicated by seroconversion, appeared in 102 (94%) of 109 children at a mean age of 2.3 years; the remaining 7 children were IgG antibody positive from birth. Subsequent secondary infections or IgG antibody increases were evident in 38 children and IgG reversions in 10. Comparison of the seroconversion interval with the next sampling interval for clinical events indicated that HBoV1 primary infection, but not secondary immune response, was significantly associated with acute otitis media and respiratory illness.
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Mira
M
Meriluoto
Lea
L
Hedman
Laura
L
Tanner
Ville
V
Simell
Marjaana
M
Mäkinen
Satu
S
Simell
Juha
J
Mykkänen
Jan
J
Korpelainen
Olli
O
Ruuskanen
Jorma
J
Ilonen
Mikael
M
Knip
Olli
O
Simell
Klaus
K
Hedman
Maria
M
Söderlund-Venermo
D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral