Timing of the most recent device procedure influences the clinical outcome of lead-associated endocarditis results of the MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort).
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the timing of the most recent cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedure, either a permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, influences the clinical presentation and outcome of lead-associated endocarditis (LAE).


BACKGROUND
The CIED infection rate has increased at a time of increased device use. LAE is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.


METHODS
The clinical presentation and course of LAE were evaluated by the MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Cohort) registry, an international registry enrolling patients with CIED infection. Consecutive LAE patients enrolled in the Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Cohort registry between January 2009 and May 2011 were analyzed. The clinical features and outcomes of 2 groups were compared based on the time from the most recent CIED procedure (early, <6 months; late, >6 months).


RESULTS
The Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Cohort registry entered 145 patients with LAE (early = 43, late = 102). Early LAE patients presented with signs and symptoms of local pocket infection, whereas a remote source of bacteremia was present in 38% of patients with late LAE but only 8% of early LAE (p < 0.01). Staphylococcal species were the most frequent pathogens in both early and late LAE. Treatment consisted of removal of all hardware and intravenous administration of antibiotics. In-hospital mortality was low (early = 7%, late = 6%).


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical presentation of LAE is influenced by the time from the most recent CIED procedure. Although clinical manifestations of pocket infection are present in the majority of patients with early LAE, late LAE should be considered in any CIED patient who presents with fever, bloodstream infection, or signs of sepsis, even if the device pocket appears uninfected. Prompt recognition and management may improve outcomes.
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Arnold J
AJ
Greenspon
Jordan M
JM
Prutkin
Muhammad R
MR
Sohail
Holenarasipur R
HR
Vikram
Larry M
LM
Baddour
Stephan B
SB
Danik
James
J
Peacock
Carlos
C
Falces
Jose M
JM
Miro
Elisabeth
E
Blank
Christoph
C
Naber
Roger G
RG
Carrillo
Chi-Hong
CH
Tseng
Daniel Z
DZ
Uslan
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012042:Registries; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents