Comparison of the transpalpebral and endoscopic approaches in resection of the corrugator supercilii muscle.
BACKGROUND
Corrugator resection is an integral part of periorbital rejuvenation and can be accomplished through the open coronal, endoscopic, or transpalpebral technique. While most authors concur about the importance of corrugator resection during brow lift surgery, considerable debate remains regarding the efficacy and technical ease of muscle resection with these approaches.


OBJECTIVE
The authors conducted a cadaver study to compare the completeness of resection of the corrugator muscle with the transpalpebral and endoscopic techniques.


METHODS
A split-face study was performed in 10 fresh cadavers. On one side, the corrugator muscle was resected through an endoscopic approach, and on the opposite side of the face, a transpalpebral resection was performed. After the completion of both procedures, a coronal incision was made; gross observations were noted; photographs were taken; and muscle weights were recorded.


RESULTS
In 19 of 20 cadaver halves, subtotal or total resection of the corrugator muscle was accomplished. In only one endoscopic instance was any muscle left in continuity. This occurred along the superior aspect of the arcus marginalis release when the corrugator muscle was hidden by the upper edge of the cut periosteum.


CONCLUSIONS
Unlike the previous reports, the authors found that transpalpebral and endoscopic techniques both allow subtotal or total resection of the corrugator muscle. Inadequate resection is technique dependent rather than procedure dependent.
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Ahmed M
AM
Afifi
Mohammed
M
Alghoul
Fatih
F
Zor
Shashidhar
S
Kusuma
James E
JE
Zins
D002102:Cadaver; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*