Oral DNA vaccination of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus using PLGA [Poly(D,L-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)] nanoparticles.
A DNA vaccine against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is effective at protecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against disease, but intramuscular injection is required and makes the vaccine impractical for use in the freshwater rainbow trout farming industry. Poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved polymer that can be used to deliver DNA vaccines. We evaluated the in vivo absorption of PLGA nanoparticles containing coumarin-6 when added to a fish food pellet. We demonstrated that rainbow trout will eat PLGA nanoparticle coated feed and that these nanoparticles can be detected in the epithelial cells of the lower intestine within 96 h after feeding. We also detected low levels of gene expression and anti-IHNV neutralizing antibodies when fish were fed or intubated with PLGA nanoparticles containing IHNV G gene plasmid. A virus challenge evaluation suggested a slight increase in survival at 6 weeks post-vaccination in fish that received a high dose of the oral vaccine, but there was no difference when additional fish were challenged at 10 weeks post-vaccination. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to induce an immune response using an orally delivered DNA vaccine, but the current system needs improvement.
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Art and Science, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA.
M
M
Adomako
S
S
St-Hilaire
Y
Y
Zheng
J
J
Eley
R D
RD
Marcum
W
W
Sealey
B C
BC
Donahower
S
S
Lapatra
P P
PP
Sheridan
D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D029142:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000276:immunology*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid