Cocoa intake and arterial stiffness in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors.
BACKGROUND
To analyze the relationship of cocoa intake to central and peripheral blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with some cardiovascular risk factor.


RESULTS



METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 351 subjects (mean age 54.76 years, 62.4% males).


METHODS
Intake of cocoa and other foods using a food frequency questionnaire, central and peripheral (ambulatory and office) blood pressure, central and peripheral augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, ambulatory arterial stiffness index, carotid intima-media thickness, and ankle-brachial index.


RESULTS
Higher pulse wave velocity and greater cardiovascular risk were found in non-cocoa consumers as compared to high consumers (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, these differences disappeared after adjusting for age, gender, the presence of diabetes, systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug use. All other arterial stiffness measures (central and peripheral augmentation index, ambulatory arterial stiffness index, ankle-brachial index, and carotid intima-media thickness) showed no differences between the different consumption groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In subjects with some cardiovascular risk factors, cocoa consumption does not imply improvement in the arterial stiffness values.


BACKGROUND
Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01325064.
Primary Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Avda, Comuneros 27, 37003 Salamanca, Spain. donrecio@gmail.com
José Ignacio
JI
Recio-Rodríguez
Manuel A
MA
Gómez-Marcos
María C
MC
Patino-Alonso
Cristina
C
Agudo-Conde
Emiliano
E
Rodríguez-Sánchez
Luis
L
García-Ortiz
D001794:Blood Pressure; D002099:Cacao; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D059289:Vascular Stiffness