Enhanced anti-diabetic activity of a combination of chromium(III) malate complex and propolis and its acute oral toxicity evaluation.
In order to obtain the additional benefit of anti-diabetic activity and protective effects of liver injury for diabetes, the anti-diabetic effect and acute oral toxicity of a combination of chromium(III) malate complex (Cr(2)(LMA)(3)) and propolis were assessed. The anti-diabetic activity of the combination of the Cr(2)LMA(3) and propolis was compared with Cr(2)(LMA)(3) and propolis alone in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by daily oral gavage for a period of 2 weeks. Acute oral toxicity of the combination of the Cr(2)LMA(3) and propolis was tested using ICR mice at the dose of 1.0-5.0 g/kg body mass by a single oral gavage and observed for a period of 2 weeks. The results of the anti-diabetic activity of the combination from the aspects of blood glucose level, liver glycogen level, and the activities of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase indicated that the increased anti-diabetic activity and the protective efficacy of liver injury for diabetes were observed. In acute toxicity study, LD(50) (median lethal dose) value for the combination was greater than 5.0 g/kg body mass. The combination of Cr(2)LMA(3) and propolis might represent the nutritional supplement with potential therapeutic value to control blood glucose and exhibit protective efficacy of liver injury for diabetes and non-toxicity in acute toxicity.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
Xiang-Yang
XY
Wu
Fang
F
Li
Ting
T
Zhao
Guang-Hua
GH
Mao
Jing
J
Li
Hong-Yuan
HY
Qu
Yue-Na
YN
Ren
Liu-Qing
LQ
Yang
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002857:Chromium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D008293:Malates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008293:Malates; D002857:Chromium; D006003:Glycogen; D011429:Propolis; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase