The role of gut hormones in controlling the food intake: what is their role in emerging diseases?
Central nervous system (CNS) receives peripheral relevant information that are able to regulate individual's energy balance through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signals. Ingested nutrients come into contact with multiple sites in the gastrointestinal tract that have the potential to alter peptide and neural signaling. There is a strong relationship between CNS and those peripheral signals (as gastrointestinal hormones) in the control of food intake. The purpose of this review is to give updated information about the role of gut hormones as mediators of feeding behavior and of different nutrients in modulating gut hormones production. The role of gut hormones in the pathogenesis of emerging diseases as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also discussed together with the possible role of these peripheral signals as targets of future therapeutic options.
CIRANAD: Centro Interuniversitario Per Ricerche Su Alimenti Nutrizione Ed Apparato Digerente, Surgical Medical Department of Clinical and Experimental Internistica F.Magrassi e A.Lanzara, Second University of Naples, Italy. adpbrothers@libero.it
Anna
A
Del Prete
Maddalena
M
Iadevaia
Carmelina
C
Loguercio
D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000503:physiopathology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000502:physiology; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000502:physiology; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology
D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D054439:Ghrelin; D019894:Peptide YY; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D002766:Cholecystokinin