[Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on long-term outcome of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting].
OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of smoking behaviors on long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).


METHODS
We conducted this survey in 2541 consecutive patients who underwent CABG in Fu Wai hospital from January 1, 2004 to December 30, 2005. The preoperative and postoperative smoking habits were obtained. The patients were divided into never smokers and ever smokers. The ever smokers were further divided into the current smokers who smoked before and after CABG and former smokers who stopped smoking before CABG, quitters who stopped smoking after CABG. Death, major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events and angina pectoris were observed. The relative risk of adverse events in different patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis.


RESULTS
The patients were followed up for 4.27 to 6.41 years (average 5.09 years). After CABG, the percentage of persistent smoking patients was 22.1%. After adjusting baseline characteristics, relative risk for tumor related death (RR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.06 - 5.36), major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (RR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.57) and angina pectoris (RR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.04 - 1.59) were significantly higher in ever smokers than in never smokers. Similarly, relative risk of death from all causes (RR: 2.60, 95%CI: 1.53 - 4.46), cardiac death (RR: 2.51, 95%CI: 1.32 - 4.78), tumor cause death (RR: 5.12, 95%CI: 2.08 - 12.59), major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (RR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.42 - 2.34) and angina pectoris (RR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.33 - 2.16) were also significantly higher in current smokers than in never smokers. Outcome was similar between patients who stopped smoking and never smokers (all P > 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking prevalence is still high in patients after CABG in China. Persistent smoking is associated with higher rates of mortality and morbidity after CABG while smoking cessation is associated with reduction of morbidity and mortality in patients after CABG.
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Hai-ning
HN
Sun
Sheng-shou
SS
Hu
Zhe
Z
Zheng
Jian-feng
JF
Hou
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult