CD163 and its expanding functional repertoire.
Macrophages are key players of the immune system and express a variety of surface receptors. CD163 is one such receptor which belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich super family (SRCR-SF) class B. It has four isoforms which differ in the structure of their cytoplasmic domains and putative phosphorylation sites. Expression of CD163 is tightly regulated with a general tendency of anti-inflammatory signals to induce its synthesis, while pro-inflammatory signals downregulate its expression. Previously the molecule has been shown to act as a receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes. However, it also plays a crucial role in the control of inflammatory processes by induction of anti-inflammatory pathways. Soluble CD163, which is generated via ectodomain shedding, serves as a potential diagnostic tool in a variety of disease states, such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, transplant rejection and carcinoma. Recently, CD163 has been identified as a promising target for cell directed therapy. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of CD163.
Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, India. akila.prashant@gmail.com
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Akila
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Prashant
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Prashant
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Chaitra
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface