title: Risk of malignancy in sonographically confirmed ovarian tumors.
abstract: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the United States. Once an ovarian tumor is identified, a pelvic ultrasound is recommended, including tumor volume and tumor structure. Unilocular and simple septate tumors are unlikely to be malignant and when asymptomatic, can be safely followed conservatively without surgery. Complex ovarian tumors are at an increased risk for malignancy and secondary testing is recommended. Secondary testing may include CA125, OVA1, the RMI, ROMA, or the ACOG referral guidelines. When secondary testing indicates that an ovarian tumor is at high risk for malignancy, referral to a gynecologic oncologist is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Markey Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. raware00@uky.edu
authors.forename: Rachel Ware
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Frederick R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ueland
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012955:Societies, Medical; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D011506:Proteins; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2; C569698:WFDC2 protein, human