title: Current self-reported symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are associated with total brain volume in healthy adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced total brain volume is a consistent finding in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In order to get a better understanding of the neurobiology of ADHD, we take the first step in studying the dimensionality of current self-reported adult ADHD symptoms, by looking at its relation with total brain volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a sample of 652 highly educated adults, the association between total brain volume, assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, and current number of self-reported ADHD symptoms was studied. The results showed an association between these self-reported ADHD symptoms and total brain volume. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the symptom domain of inattention had the strongest association with total brain volume. In addition, the threshold for impairment coincides with the threshold for brain volume reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding improves our understanding of the biological substrates of self-reported ADHD symptoms, and suggests total brain volume as a target intermediate phenotype for future gene-finding in ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.hoogman@psy.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoogman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rijpkema
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janss
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Guillen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arias-Vásquez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult