title: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Italian ryegrass silage.
abstract: Twenty-three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three cultivars (Akiaoba, Nagahahikari and Tachiwase) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were precisely characterized by a combination of phenotypic tests, genotypic 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and rapid PCR-based analyses, focusing on their useful phenotypes for silage preparation as inoculants. We successfully identified both at the species and subspecies levels: phenotypically novel Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum and Pediococcus parvulus. This is the first report to elucidate the presence of Lactobacillus coryniformis ssp. torquens and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum in Italian ryegrass silages. Physiological and biochemical tests revealed that phenotypic characteristics are different among the different strains of the same species and subspecies, and that the isolates show unique and diverse phenotypes related to fermentation factors, such as available carbohydrates, optimal growth pH and temperature. These results suggest that, for various well-preserved silage preparations, the isolates may be useful in producing novel inoculants corresponding to their optimally climatic and ecological niches.
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan. tohno@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohno
authors.forename: Hisami
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: Moriya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohkuma
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uegaki
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D005285:Fermentation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008129:Lolium / Q000382:microbiology*; D010376:Pediococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012820:Silage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S