title: The spatial statistics formalism applied to mapping electromagnetic radiation in urban areas.
abstract: Determining the electromagnetic radiation levels in urban areas is a complicated task. Various approaches have been taken, including numerical simulations using different models of propagation, sampling campaigns to measure field values with which to validate theoretical models, and the formalism of spatial statistics. In the work, we present here that this latter technique was used to construct maps of electric field and its associated uncertainty from experimental data. For this purpose, a field meter and a broadband probe sensitive in the 100-kHz-3-GHz frequency range were used to take 1,020 measurements around buildings and along the perimeter of the area. The distance between sampling points was 5 m. The results were stored in a geographic information system to facilitate data handling and analysis, in particular, the application of the formalism of spatial statistical to the analysis of the distribution of the field levels over the study area. The spatial structure was analyzed using the variographic technique, with the field levels at non-sampled points being interpolated by kriging. The results indicated that, in the urban area analyzed in the present work, the linear density of sampling points could be reduced to a distance which coincides with the length of the blocks of buildings without the statistical parameters varying significantly and with the field level maps being reproduced qualitatively and quantitatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Caceres, Spain. paniagua@unex.es
authors.forename: Jesus M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.forename: Montaña
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rufo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antolin
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D035501:Uncertainty