title: All-cause 1-, 5-, and 10-year mortality in elderly people according to activities of daily living stage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the independent association between five stages of activities of daily living (ADLs) and mortality after accounting for known diagnostic and sociodemographic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  For five stages of ADLs (0 to IV), determined according to the severity and pattern of ADL limitations, unadjusted life expectancies and adjusted associations with mortality were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine thousand four hundred forty-seven participants aged 70 and older from the second Longitudinal Study of Aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-, 5-, and 10-year survival and time to death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median life expectancy was 10.6 years for participants with no ADL limitations and 6.5, 5.1, 3.8, and 1.6 years for those at ADL stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The sociodemographic- and diagnostic-adjusted hazard of death at 1 year was five times as great at stage IV as at stage 0 (hazard ratio = 5.6, 95% confidence interval = 3.8-8.3). The associations between ADL stage and mortality declined over time but remained statistically significant at 5 and 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADL stage continued to explain mortality risk after adjusting for known risk factors including advanced age, stroke, and cancer. ADL stages might aid clinical care planning and policy as a powerful prognostic indicator particularly of short-term mortality, improving on current ADL measures by profiling activity limitations of relevance to determining community support needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. mstinema@exchange.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Margaret G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stineman
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Jibby E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kurichi
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Henry-Sánchez
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streim
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology