title: Altered nuclear factor-kappaB inducing kinase expression in insulin-resistant mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance is an underlying feature of both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Currently, it is unclear whether nuclear factor (NF)-κB inducing kinase (NIK) plays a role in the development of insulin resistance. The present in vivo study investigated the roles of NIK and IκB kinase α (IKKα) in obesity-induced insulin resistance using animal models.
  
  
  METHODS
  NIK expression was evaluated by Western blotting in male Lep(ob) mice and C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (45% fat). After metformin and sulfasalazine treatment, NIK expression was investigated during the improvement of insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NIK was increased by about 1-fold in the renal tissues of Lep(ob) mice and C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD for 12 weeks. After 1 and 3 weeks of high-fat feeding, we observed an almost 50% decrease in NIK and IKKα expression in the liver and renal tissues of C57BL/6J mice. NIK expression was significantly lower in the liver and renal tissues of HFD-fed mice that were treated with insulin sensitizers, metformin and sulfasalazine. However, IKKα expression was increased after metformin treatment in both tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a possible role of NIK in the liver and renal tissues of insulin-resistant mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Xiu
authors.forename: Guo-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Pei
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yan-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-Peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007328:Insulin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase