title: Antimicrobials in beekeeping.
abstract: The bee diseases American and European foulbrood and nosemosis can be treated with anti-infectious agents. However, in the EU and the USA the use of these agents in beekeeping is strictly regulated due to the lack of tolerance (e.g. Maximum Residue Limit) for residues of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in honey. This article reviews the literature dealing with antimicrobials of interest in apiculture, stability of these antimicrobials in honey, and disposition of the antimicrobials in honeybee hives.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium. wim.reybroeck@ilvo.vlaanderen.be
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reybroeck
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daeseleire
authors.forename: Hubert F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: De Brabander
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056630:Beekeeping / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D001516:Bees / Q000382:microbiology*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents