title: [Occult inguinal-hernia in athletes].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occult inguinal hernia in athletes represents a distinct entity as well as a part of a syndrome known as PIPS (public inguinal pain syndrome). It may be relatively difficult to identify the possible source of inguinal pain, since the spectrum is so wide that it can overlap various medical subspecialties.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study includes 14 cases of athletes (11 football players) with suspicion of occult inguinal hernia. All of them complained of suprapubic pain on physical activity which was relieved at rest. No hernia was found on physical examination in either patient. Ultrasonography of the region demonstrated protrusion of the posterior abdominal wall by increased intraabdominal pressure (such as coughing) in 12 cases. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in every case, and we found 13 medial and 1 femoral hernia, i.e. a hernia was identified in all patients. Laparoscopic hernia repair with TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) technique was carried out in every case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were discharged 2-3 days after surgery without any postoperative complication. A gradual increase in physical activity was advised up to the limit of complaints commencing 7-10 days later. All patients could return to competitive sports after 4-6 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential diagnosis of inguinal pain in athletes includes occult inguinal hernia, which can be diagnosed with laparoscopy and TAPP repair can be carried out at the same time, if needed, to fix it.
authors.affiliation: Nagykanizsa Megyei Jogú Város Kórháza, Általános Sebészeti Osztály, Nagykanizsa Szekeres. batorfi@nkkorhaz.hu
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bátorfi
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parti
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bajsz
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horváth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D005260:Female; D006550:Hernia, Femoral / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D013526:Surgical Mesh