title: Comprehensive care for sickle cell disease immigrant patients: a reproducible model achieving high adherence to minimum standards of care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comprehensive care and advances in clinical investigations have reduced morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD), but only a minority of children with SCD has access to comprehensive care. In Europe the majority of patients with SCD are immigrants who present barriers in accessing the health system; therefore, new evidence-based models of comprehensive care are needed to ensure that all SCD patients receive high-quality care, overcoming patient- and health system-related barriers. We wanted to verify if addressing the specific needs of immigrant patients contributes to improving adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linguistic, cultural, social issues were considered in organizing comprehensive care in 2006. Hospital's records were used to determine access from 2006 to 2010 and to compare adherence before and after 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four patients with SCD were enrolled in comprehensive care; 94% were first generation immigrants (81% African). Age at diagnosis was higher for children born abroad vs. children born in Italy (66.08 vs 25.36 months, P < 0.005). Since 2006, children were seen at least once a year, with 100% adherence to follow-up appointments. Coverage increased from 26% to 97% for flu vaccination, from 80% to 92% for pneumococcus immunization, from 27% to 100% for Transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening (P < 0.001). Emergency Department access/patient/year and inpatient admissions/patient/year decreased from 2.3 to 0.98 and from 0.30 to 0.25, respectively (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive care can be delivered to vulnerable groups obtaining high adherence if linguistic, cultural, social issues are addressed. This model may merit assessment in other communities where immigrants represent the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy. rcolombatti@gmail.com
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombatti
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montanaro
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guasti
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rampazzo
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meneghetti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giordan
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sainati
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000208:ethnology; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003191:Comprehensive Health Care; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D000658:Amoxicillin