title: Phenotyping of Staphylococcus aureus reveals a new virulent ST398 lineage.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus sequence type (ST)398, which is commonly found as a colonization strain in pig farming, is emerging more frequently as the cause of human infections. In this study, we analysed ST398 of porcine and human origin at the genetic, protein and immunogenic levels. Although genetic analysis of the genes encoding the major virulence factors revealed the presence of the same genes in all strains studied, the results demonstrated spa type crossing alterations in adhesion abilities in addition to a strongly enhanced lysis activity directly linked to impaired clearance attributable to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This change in virulence pattern indicates high heterogenicity in the ST398 pool that is not based on a different genetic make-up, but probably on variations in the genetic regulation systems. These modifications, which are tightly connected to pathogenicity, cannot be detected by conventional diagnostic methods.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, L2-Biosafety-Laboratory, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zündorf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grüger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brandenburg
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Reiners
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zinserling
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D016923:Cell Death; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000382:microbiology; D010641:Phenotype; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence; D055815:Young Adult