title: Dosimetric effects of energy spectrum uncertainties in radiation therapy with laser-driven particle beams.
abstract: Laser-driven particle acceleration is a potentially cost-efficient and compact new technology that might replace synchrotrons or cyclotrons for future proton or heavy-ion radiation therapy. Since the energy spectrum of laser-accelerated particles is rather wide, compared to the monoenergetic beams of conventional machines, studies have proposed the usage of broader spectra for the treatment of at least certain parts of the target volume to make the process more efficient. The thereby introduced additional uncertainty in the applied energy spectrum is analysed in this note. It is shown that the uncertainty can be categorized into a change of the total number of particles, and a change in the energy distribution of the particles. The former one can be monitored by a simple fluence detector and cancels for a high number of statistically fluctuating shots. The latter one, the redistribution of a fixed number of particles to different energy bins in the window of transmitted energies of the energy selection system, only introduces smaller changes to the resulting depth dose curve. Therefore, it might not be necessary to monitor this uncertainty for all applied shots. These findings might enable an easier uncertainty management for particle therapy with broad energy spectra.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany. stefan.schell@tum.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wilkens
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016011:Normal Distribution; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D011522:Protons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D011522:Protons