title: Augmented environments for minimally invasive therapy: implementation barriers from technology to practice.
abstract: Augmented environments for medical applications have been explored and developed in an effort to enhance the clinician's view of anatomy and facilitate the performance of minimally invasive procedures. These environments must faithfully represent the real surgical field and require seamless integration of pre- and intra-operative imaging, surgical instrument tracking and display technology into a common framework centered around the patient. However, few image guidance environments have been successfully translated into clinical use. Several challenges that contribute to the slow progress of integrating such environments into clinical practice are discussed here in terms of both technical and clinical limitations.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Linte
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Vosburgh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jannin
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes Iii
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robb
mesh_terms: D003626:Data Display; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted