title: Substrate recognition mechanism of a glycosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase from Sulfolobus solfataricus KM1.
abstract: Glycosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (GTHase) is an α-amylase that cleaves the α-1,4 bond adjacent to the α-1,1 bond of maltooligosyltrehalose to release trehalose. To investigate the catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms of GTHase, two residues, Asp252 (nucleophile) and Glu283 (general acid/base), located at the catalytic site of GTHase were mutated (Asp252→Ser (D252S), Glu (D252E) and Glu283→Gln (E283Q)), and the activity and structure of the enzyme were investigated. The E283Q, D252E, and D252S mutants showed only 0.04, 0.03, and 0.6% of enzymatic activity against the wild-type, respectively. The crystal structure of the E283Q mutant GTHase in complex with the substrate, maltotriosyltrehalose (G3-Tre), was determined to 2.6-Å resolution. The structure with G3-Tre indicated that GTHase has at least five substrate binding subsites and that Glu283 is the catalytic acid, and Asp252 is the nucleophile that attacks the C1 carbon in the glycosidic linkage of G3-Tre. The complex structure also revealed a scheme for substrate recognition by GTHase. Substrate recognition involves two unique interactions: stacking of Tyr325 with the terminal glucose ring of the trehalose moiety and perpendicularly placement of Trp215 to the pyranose rings at the subsites -1 and +1 glucose.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Division, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Feese
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komeda
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaber
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuroki
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D048229:Sulfolobus solfataricus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000516:alpha-Amylases