title: Cytotoxicity comparison of three current direct pulp-capping agents with a new bioceramic root repair putty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the cytotoxicity of white mineral trioxide aggregate cement (AMTA, MTA-Angelus), Brasseler Endosequence Root Repair Putty (ERRM), Dycal, and Ultra-blend Plus (UBP) by using human dermal fibroblasts and a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured adult human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to multiple concentrations of material elutes. The test material samples were immersed and incubated in the culture medium for 2, 5, or 8 days at 37°C. The cytotoxic effects were recorded by using an MTT-based colorimetric assay. Positive and negative controls were used. The results were statistically examined by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell viability of cultures exposed to all dilutions of AMTA, ERRM, and UBP was statistically similar to the negative control at 2 and 5 days. Only the Dycal-exposed specimens exhibited a statistically significant increase in cytotoxicity at the 2 initial evaluation periods. After exposure to the 8-day elutes, the respective percentage of cell survivability was 91% (Brasseler), 88% (MTA-Angelus), 76% (Ultra-blend Plus), and 37% (Dycal).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the data in this in vitro study, AMTA, ERRM, and UBP had statistically similar adult human dermal fibroblast cytotoxicity levels. Relative to the negative control, only Dycal was shown to have a statistically significant cytotoxic effect to adult human dermal fibroblasts at all tested intervals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Detroit, Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Wade R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hirschman
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wheater
authors.forename: Josef S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bringas
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hoen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000633:toxicity; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000633:toxicity; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013635:Tantalum / Q000633:toxicity*; D013696:Temperature; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D015040:Zirconium / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004338:Drug Combinations; C550603:EndoSequence root repair material; D008903:Minerals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C074672:Ultrablend; C025702:Dycal; D013635:Tantalum; D015040:Zirconium; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002124:Calcium Fluoride; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide