title: Comparison of two kinds of intramedullary nails in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intramedullary nails have been widely used in treating femoral shaft fractures. However, end caps falling into soft tissue intraoperatively may cause trouble to surgeons, prolong operative time and increase radiation exposure. Additionally, difficulties may be encountered when removing nails because of callus formation over the nail tip. We performed a prospective study to compare two types of nails in managing femoral shaft fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group I consisted of seventy-four patients with unilateral femoral shaft fractures treated with cannulated interlocking anatomical femoral intramedullary nails. Group II consisted of seventy-eight patients treated with cannulated interlocking anatomical femoral intramedullary nails with tail wires. The patients' ages, fracture severity, duration of operation, fluoroscopy time, blood loss and falls of end caps into soft tissue were recorded. Nails were removed after fracture healing. The duration of operation and blood loss during nail removal were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age and fracture severity (P > 0.05). End caps fell into soft tissue 17 times in 15 cases in group I and 21 times in 16 cases in group II. An average of seven minutes was spent recovering a lost cap in group I. In group II, all lost caps were recovered immediately. The duration of operation and fluoroscopy time in group II was significantly less than in group I (P < 0.05). Asymptomatic palpable nodules were detected in 4 cases in group II. Nail removals were performed on 58 patients in group I and 69 patients in group II. The duration of operation, blood loss and complications in group II were less than in group I (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intramedullary nails with tail wires facilitate both fracture fixation and nail removal, which can be used to treat femoral shaft fractures with less radiation exposure, shorter surgical time and fewer complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhagn
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying-Ze
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001858:Bone Nails; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult