title: Parasite contamination of sand and soil from daycare sandboxes and play areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there was parasite contamination in the sand and soil in daycare sandboxes and play areas, with the goal of developing practice guidelines for their management.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred samples of sand and soil from 10 daycare centres in different regions of the province of Quebec, collected between April 22 and May 6, 1991, were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Toxocara eggs were found in both surface and subsurface sand from two Montreal centres and co-occurred with Ascaris species (surface sand) in one centre and with hookworm (surface soil) in the second. Hookworm eggs were also recovered from one centre in the Quebec City region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results document the presence of potentially pathogenic helminth parasites in the daycare environment. Evidence from the literature regarding the health risk to children is insufficient and highlights the need for further research into the assessment of the risk of human infection and morbidity, the viability of these parasites under different environmental conditions and practical issues related to the management of sand and soil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Montreal General Hospital; McGill University Centre for Tropical Diseases, Montreal General Hospital; and Département de Médecine préventive, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Quebec.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Gyorkos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokoskin-Nelson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Maclean
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soto