title: Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation.
abstract: Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for understanding the transient response of Earth's climate system to external and internal forcings. During this interval of global warming, the decay of ice sheets caused global mean sea level to rise by approximately 80 m; terrestrial and marine ecosystems experienced large disturbances and range shifts; perturbations to the carbon cycle resulted in a net release of the greenhouse gases CO(2) and CH(4) to the atmosphere; and changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation affected the global distribution and fluxes of water and heat. Here we summarize a major effort by the paleoclimate research community to characterize these changes through the development of well-dated, high-resolution records of the deep and intermediate ocean as well as surface climate. Our synthesis indicates that the superposition of two modes explains much of the variability in regional and global climate during the last deglaciation, with a strong association between the first mode and variations in greenhouse gases, and between the second mode and variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
authors.affiliation: College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. clarkp@onid.orst.edu
authors.forename: Peter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shakun
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bartlein
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: Anders E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Darrell S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Zhengyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Marchitto
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mix
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morrill
authors.forename: Bette L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Otto-Bliesner
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pahnke
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitlock
authors.forename: Jess F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blois
authors.forename: Jorie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Ben P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Flower
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lynch-Stieglitz
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Markgraf
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: Jerry X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Mitrovica
authors.forename: Patricio I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002980:Climate; D017753:Ecosystem; D005843:Geography; D057232:Global Warming; D046448:Ice Cover; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012623:Seawater; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008697:Methane; D010100:Oxygen