title: Psychological factors unrelated to activity level in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enhancement of physical activities is an important goal in rehabilitation programmes for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). A relationship between activity level and psychological factors is suggested but studied scarcely.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between the activity level and psychological factors in patients with CMP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study design is cross-sectional, explorative. Participants are patients with CMP, included for outpatient multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activity level was measured by the RT3 accelerometer during 1 week; pain intensity was measured with a 100-mm visual analogue scale; depression, somatization and distress were measured with Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), coping strategy with the Utrecht Coping List (UCL, scales active coping, passive coping, avoiding), fear of movement measured with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), scale activity avoidance. Depending on data distribution, correlations between the mean number of activity counts and psychological factors were tested with Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty three patients were included: age mean 39.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 11.3]; activity counts per day mean 198,243 (SD 78,000); pain intensity mean 58 (SD 27.7); SCL-90-R mean 149.4 (SD 42.5); UCL active coping mean 17.9 (SD 3.7); UCL passive coping mean 12.3 (SD 3.7); UCL avoiding mean 15.3 (SD 3.0); TSK total mean 35.4 (SD 7.4); TSK activity avoidance mean 16.9 SD (4.7). Correlations between psychological factors and the mean number of activity counts per day ranged from r = -0.27 to r = 0.01 and were all non-significant (p ≥ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological factors and activity level were unrelated in patients with CMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmus
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Schiphorst Preuper
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: J H B
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Geertzen
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reneman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires