title: First time molecular detection and phylogenetic relationships of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 in domestic pigs in Uganda: further evidence for a global distribution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and 2 (TTSuV2) are small, single-stranded circular DNA viruses belonging to the Anelloviridae family. Available studies clearly show that both viruses are widely distributed in the pig populations in America, Europe and Asia, although the impact of the infection is still unclear. Currently, the situation in domestic pig populations on the African continent is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible presence of the two viruses in domestic pigs in Uganda, and describe the phylogenetic relationships to those in the rest of the world.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-five serum samples from six districts in Uganda were used, and PCR using TTSuV1 and 2 specific primers for the UTR region was run for viral nucleic acid detection. The positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses performed in order to compare the Ugandan sequences with sequences from other parts of the world. The prevalence of TTSuV1 and 2 in the selected domestic pigs were estimated at 16.8% and 48.4% respectively, with co-infection found in 13.7%. The sequence identity was 90-100% between the Ugandan TTSuV1; and 63-100% between the Ugandan TTSuV2 sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the presence of TTSuV1 and 2 in domestic pigs in Uganda. These results highlight the importance of screening for emerging viruses given the globalisation of human activities.
authors.affiliation: Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ståhl
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masembe
authors.forename: Ademun Rose
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Okurut
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Anne-Lie
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Blomström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044967:Serum / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral