title: Comparing the effect of IL-12 genetic adjuvant and alum non-genetic adjuvant on the efficiency of the cocktail DNA vaccine containing plasmids encoding SAG-1 and ROP-2 of Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: Various methods are available for enhancing the potency of DNA vaccines, including employment of different forms of adjuvant. The current study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effects of genetic and non-genetic adjuvants on the immune response stimulated by DNA vaccine. Thus, two adjuvants, IL-12 (genetic adjuvant) and aluminum hydroxide (alum, non-genetic adjuvant), were used with cocktail DNA vaccine containing plasmids encoding complete rhoptry antigen 2 (ROP-2) and surface major antigen 1 (SAG-1) of Toxoplasma gondii. The efficacy of pcROP2+pcSAG1 in stimulation of the immune response against toxoplasmosis with and without adjuvant was evaluated in female BALB/c mice by measuring the level of total IgG antibody and cytokines. The results obtained indicated that after challenging the mice with the fatal RH strain of T. gondii, the survival rates of mice immunized with pcROP2+pcSAG1 (DNA cocktail), pcSAG1+pcROP2+alum, and pcSAG1+pcROP2+IL-12 were significantly greater than that of the control groups (p<0.05). Moreover, measurement of total IgG antibody indicated the significant difference between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05). Finally, the results obtained by measurement of cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) showed high levels of IFN-γ and low levels of IL-4 in groups vaccinated with pcROP2+pcSAG1 (DNA cocktail), pcSAG1+pcROP2+alum, and pcSAG1+pcROP2+IL-12 as the experiment groups, in comparison with the controls groups (PBS, pc-DNA3, alum+PBS, and pCAGGS-IL-12+pcDNA3). The results of the study showed that use of adjuvants (IL-12 and alum) coincident with DNA cocktail leads to significant change in the survival rates of the experiment groups in comparison with control groups. Also, there is no significant difference between adjuvants to induce immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kamy Hosseinian
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Khosroshahi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghaffarifar
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.forename: Sushila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: Abdolhosein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalimi
authors.forename: Zuhair M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khoshzaban
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C090555:ROP 2 protein, Toxoplasma gondii; C047168:SAG1 antigen, Toxoplasma; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D018664:Interleukin-12; C041524:aluminum sulfate