title: Neurocognitive impairments in non-deprived smokers--results from a population-based multi-center study on smoking-related behavior.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine neurocognitive function associated with chronic nicotine use. A total of 2163 healthy participants (1002 smokers, 1161 never-smoking controls) participated in a population-based case-control design. The main outcome measures were six cognitive domain factors derived from a neuropsychological test battery. In smokers, the battery was administered after controlled smoking of one cigarette. Analyses included age, sex and education as covariates. Results demonstrated small, but significant deficits in smokers for visual attention (P<0.001) and cognitive impulsivity (P<0.006), while verbal episodic memory, verbal fluency, verbal working memory, and Stroop-interference did not differ between groups. These attention/impulsivity deficits were also present in smokers with only a low amount of cigarette consumption. Lifetime nicotine use (pack-years) was not correlated with cognition in smokers. In conclusion, this study confirmed subtle and specific cognitive deficits in non-deprived smokers. The independence of these deficits from consumption intensity may argue for an a priori deficit of some cognitive abilities in smokers. These specific deficits may constitute intermediate phenotypes for genetic research on nicotine use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany. michael.wagner@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Svenja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulze-Rauschenbach
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrovsky
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brinkmeyer
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von der Goltz
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gründer
authors.forename: Katja N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Spreckelmeyer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wienker
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz-Lacava
authors.forename: Arian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobascher
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahmen
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clepce
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thuerauf
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: J Walter
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: de Millas
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winterer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine