title: Role of peroxyacetic acid, octanoic acid, malic acid, and potassium lactate on the microbiological and instrumental color characteristics of ground beef.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of peroxyacetic acid (PAA), malic acid (MA), octanoic acid (OA), and potassium lactate (KL) followed by mixing with trisodium phosphate (TSP) and an ultra-chilled CO₂ snow shower on microbial counts of Escherichia coli (EC), coliform (CF), aerobic plate count (APC), and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) on inoculated beef trimmings and the instrumental color attributes of the resultant ground beef. Beef trimmings inoculated with EC and ST were treated with either 0.02% PAA; 2% MA; 0.04% OA; or 2% KL, followed by mixing with 10% TSP and rapid chilling with CO₂ snow shower. Treated trimmings were then ground, packaged, displayed under simulated retail conditions, and sampled on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 for microbial counts and instrumental color characteristics. PAA, MA, OA, and KL reduced (P < 0.05) the microbial counts of EC, CF, APC, and ST during display. Among treatments, OA was most effective on EC, CF, ST, and APC during retail display. Chilling beef trimmings with CO₂ improved instrumental color characteristics of the produced ground beef but made little difference in reducing microbial counts during display. During retail display, ground beef produced from beef trimmings treated with antimicrobials tended to maintain redness, myoglobin redox form stability (630 nm/580 nm), and overall instrumental color characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research provides a practical and cost-effective decontamination technology for beef processors that can be immediately implemented in the ground beef production chain. Using antimicrobial intervention coupled with rapid chilling could benefit the meat industry by preserving the quality attributes of ground beef during retail display under aerobic packaging environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. anandm@uga.edu
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Pohlman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002210:Caprylates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D061353:Food Storage; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007773:Lactates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008293:Malates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000737:chemistry; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D055550:Protein Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D011786:Quality Control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002210:Caprylates; D007773:Lactates; D008293:Malates; D009211:Myoglobin; D010710:Phosphates; C030298:malic acid; D010463:Peracetic Acid; C031492:octanoic acid; C018279:sodium phosphate