title: Haptoglobin phenotype, angiogenic factors, and preeclampsia risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether haptoglobin (Hp) phenotype is related to preeclampsia risk, or to plasma concentrations of soluble endoglin (sEng), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hp phenotype was retrospectively determined in primiparous women with uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 309), gestational hypertension (n = 215), and preeclampsia (n = 249). Phenotype was assessed by peroxidase staining following native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin-supplemented serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1 was associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-4.18) and term preeclampsia (odds ratio, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-5.83) in Caucasian women. Hp phenotype was not associated with preeclampsia risk in African Americans. Preeclamptic women had higher plasma sEng and sFlt-1, and lower PlGF, than control subjects. sEng, sFlt-1, and PlGF did not differ among women of different Hp phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hp 2-1 is associated with higher preeclampsia risk in primiparous Caucasian women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. weissgerbertl@mwri.magee.edu
authors.forename: Tracey L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Weissgerber
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeyabalan
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Minjae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Saul A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Datwyler
authors.forename: Robin E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gandley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000097:blood*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D006242:Haptoglobins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C098069:PIGF protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1