title: Stage-specific impact of tumor location on oncologic outcomes in patients with upper and lower tract urothelial carcinoma following radical surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dissimilarities in management and outcomes exist between upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the stage-specific impact of upper or lower urinary tract tumor location on oncologic outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 4335 patients with UCB treated with radical cystectomy (RC) and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND), 877 patients with ureteral UTUC, and 1615 with pelvicalyceal UTUC treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). No patient received preoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with RC and bilateral PLND or RNU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were assessed according to primary tumor location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to UTUC patients, UCB patients had more advanced tumor stage and higher grade, and they were more likely to harbor lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). In non-muscle-invasive tumor stages, UCB patients were more likely to experience disease recurrence and mortality compared to renal pelvicalyceal tumor patients (p<0.002) but not ureteral tumors (p>0.05). In pT2 and pT3 tumors, there was no difference in outcomes between the three tumor locations. In pT4 tumors, patients with ureteral and pelvicalyceal tumors were more likely to experience disease recurrence and mortality compared to UCB patients (p<0.004). These stage-specific findings were unchanged after adjustment for the effects of age, gender, tumor grade, LVI, lymph node status, and adjuvant chemotherapy. This study is limited by its retrospective and multicenter nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stage-specific differences in outcomes exist between UCB and UTUC. The differentially worse outcomes by stage between UCB and UTUC patients underline the differences between both cancer entities and the need for individualized stage-specific management for each patient.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Behfar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ehdaie
authors.forename: Eugene K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babjuk
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Margulis
authors.forename: Jay D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Svatek
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fajkovic
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novara
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daneshmand
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kassouf
authors.forename: Hans-Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pycha
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery