title: A high-throughput in vitro model of human embryo attachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a simple, high-throughput and widely applicable in vitro human implantation model that assesses trophoblast spheroid attachment to human uterine epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study to establish and validate the model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell culture. CELL(S): Lines BeWo, RL95-2, and AN3-CA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Labeling trophoblast spheroids with green fluorescence, selecting spheroids of size similar to implanting blastocysts by use of cell strainers, and assessing spheroid attachment by use of an automated microplate reader.
  
  
  METHODS
  Establishment of a simple, reliable, and high-throughput in vitro model to study human embryo implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assay enabled rapid fluorometric assessment of spheroid attachment to human endometrial epithelial cells (RL95-2 and AN3-CA) under different experimental conditions. The high-throughput assay was confirmed by conventional counting method to be highly reproducible and accurate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The described methodology provides for the first time a high-throughput assay for the study of human embryo implantation and a promising tool for screening potential inhibitors or enhancers of embryo attachment.
authors.affiliation: Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Huiting
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Harmeet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aljofan
authors.forename: Guiying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005470:Fluorometry; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D002118:Calcium