title: Development and validation of an English version of the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADE-Q).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADE-Q) is a validated specific tool used to assess the knowledge and educate coronary patients in cardiac rehabilitation on aspects related to coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study is to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate from Portuguese to English the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADE-Q).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent translations were performed by qualified translators. After back-translation, both versions were reviewed by a committee of experts. A final English version was tested in a pilot study. For the psychometric validation, the tool was administered to 200 Canadian coronary patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, the test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the construct validity through factor analysis. Criterion validity of CADE-Q was assessed with regard to patients' characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 19 questions were modified and culturally adapted in the English version. Cronbach's alpha was 0.809 and ICC was 0.846. Factor analysis revealed five factors, all internally consistent and well defined by the items. Criterion validity was supported by significant differences in mean scores by family income (p = 0.02) and educational level (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The English version of the CADE-Q was demonstrated to have adequate reliability and validity, supporting its use in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. meloghisi.gabriella@torontorehab.on.ca
authors.forename: Gabriela Lima
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: de Melo Ghisi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating