title: Soft tissue topography and dimensions lateral to single implant-supported restorations. a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate potential relationships between the implant position relative to adjacent teeth and dimensions and topography of the papillae lateral to implant-supported single-tooth restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 subjects with a single implant-supported restoration in the esthetic zone of the maxilla were consecutively selected for the study. Soft and hard tissues at the proximal sites of the restoration were evaluated by the use of clinical, photographic, diagnostic cast, and radiographic assessments. A questionnaire was used for assessment of the patients' satisfaction with the esthetic outcome of the restorations. Potential factors influencing the papilla level and the presence of a complete papilla fill were investigated with generalized estimation equations (GEE) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bone level at the adjacent tooth significantly influenced the papilla level (P < 0.001). The distance between the contact point and the bone level at the adjacent tooth was significantly shorter for "complete" (4.3 mm) papillae than that for "deficient" papillae (5.7 mm) (P < 0.001). The GEE logistic model revealed that the chance of a complete papilla fill improved with increased facio-lingual thickness of the papilla (P = 0.004) and decreased distance between the contact point and the bone level at the tooth (P = 0.004). The self-reported satisfaction with the esthetic appearance of the implant-born restoration was not significantly different between patients with "complete" and "deficient" papillae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of a complete papilla fill was significantly affected by the facio-lingual dimension of the papilla base and the distance between the contact point between the crowns and the bone level at the tooth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea. chang@chonbuk.ac.kr
authors.forename: Moontaek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wennström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052016:Mucositis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010781:Photography; D011859:Radiography; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires