title: Hypertension and concomitant arteriosclerotic diseases are risk factors for colonic diverticular bleeding: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colonic diverticular bleeding is a major cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. However, a limited number of studies have been reported on the risk factors for diverticular bleeding. Our aim was to identify risk factors for diverticular bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study design is a case (diverticular bleeding)-control (diverticulosis) study. We prospectively collected information of habits, comorbidities, history of medications and symptoms by a questionnaire, and diagnosed diverticular bleeding and diverticulosis by colonoscopy. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 254 patients (diverticular bleeding, 45; diverculosis, 209) were selected for analysis. Cluster (≥10 diverticula) type (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.8-8.9), hypertension (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.6), ischemic heart disease (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4), and chronic renal failure (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.3-32) were independent risk factors for diverticular bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large number of diverticula, hypertension, and concomitant arteriosclerotic diseases including ischemic heart disease and chronic renal failure are risk factors for diverticular bleeding. This study identifies new information on the risk factors for diverticular bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niikura
authors.forename: Naoyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uemura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004241:Diverticulum, Colon / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors