title: Short-term anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment elicits vasculogenic mimicry formation of tumors to accelerate metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiangiogenic therapy is one of the most significant advances in anticancer treatment. The benefits of antiangiogenic therapies of late-stage cancers have been investigated but are still too limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an ovarian cancer model to test the effect of short-term bevacizumab treatment on metastasis as measured by bioluminescence. Western blotting and CD34-PAS dual staining were performed to assess hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and vasculogenic mimicry(VM) formation. Cell viability was examined by a CCK8 assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bevacizumab demonstrated antitumor effects in models of ovarian cancer, but also accelerated metastasis together, with marked hypoxia and VM formation in mice receiving short-term therapy. Bevacizumab treatment did not affect SKOV3 cell viability and the amount of VM in three-dimensional culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that antiangiogenic therapy may potentially influence the progression of metastatic disease, which has been linked to the hypoxic response and VM formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No,100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiu-Ya
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gao-Lin
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab