title: Factors influencing the presence of peripheral arterial disease among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about factors predicting peripheral arterial disease (PAD) development in Thai type 2 diabetes patients. This study aims to identify factors related to PAD in type 2 diabetes and the best predictors for PAD development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A case-control study was conducted in which 405 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited from four tertiary care hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand. Cases were type 2 diabetes patients with PAD who were compared to those without PAD. An ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.9 was used for PAD diagnosis. An ABI between 0.91 and 1.30 was used to define those without PAD. Demographic characteristics, the diabetes self-care activities score and chief complaints were measured. Thai type 2 diabetes patients with PAD were older (65.45 ± 12.2 years), had no formal schooling, and were more likely to be a local vendor than those without PAD (p < 0.05). Type 2 diabetes patients with PAD had diabetes longer than those without PAD (p < 0.05). Hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease were significantly more common in type 2 diabetes patients with PAD than those without PAD (p < 0.05). Age > 70 years, having coronary heart disease as a comorbid illness, and having a body mass index of 25-29.9 kg/m(2) were predictive for PAD development (all p < 0.05). These three variables explained 12.3% of the variance in the incidence of PAD among type 2 diabetes patients. The demographic and clinical factors were the best predictors for PAD development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thai type 2 diabetes patients who are elderly, have coronary heart disease as a comorbid condition, or have a normal weight should be considered at risk for PAD development.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Graduated Studies, Mahidol University, Thailand. kest_w@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kessiri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wongkongkam
authors.forename: Orapan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thosingha
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.forename: Ketsarin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utriyaprasit
authors.forename: Chanean
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruangsetakit
authors.forename: Chukiat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viwatwongkasem
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology