title: Evidence-based evaluation and current practice of non-operative treatment strategies for lumbar stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A number of non-operative treatment protocols have been proposed in the literature for lumbar stenosis. However, the available primary research describes inadequately the employed protocol. This causes difficulties in distinguishing which interventions are more effective in reducing symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed existing studies in order to promote the construction of an evidence-based strategy for non-operative treatment rehabilitation of lumbar stenosis patients. Randomized controlled trials describing insufficiently the non-operative treatment rehabilitation protocols were excluded since the results may not direct this review towards a favorable treatment plan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A protocol has been outlined to inform the clinician and to elucidate the effectiveness of non-operative treatment through randomized controlled trials. The results of this study indicate that a comprehensive exercise and manual therapy protocol is more effective in reducing symptoms than a less intensive exercise program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive non-operative treatment comprising of flexion exercises, manual therapy and treadmill exercises appears to be more beneficial in reducing symptoms than a less vigorous program comprising of flexion exercises, treadmill training and home exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Filoktitis Medical Center, Center of Excellence in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Athens, Greece. andreasfmavrogenis@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Konstantine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Balakatounis
authors.forename: Kalomoira A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Panagiotopoulou
authors.forename: Evanthia A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mitsiokapa
authors.forename: Andreas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mavrogenis
authors.forename: Antonios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Angoules
authors.forename: Jannis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papathanasiou
authors.forename: Panayiotis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Papagelopoulos
mesh_terms: D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*