title: Metoclopramide, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors: pharmacotherapy for gastroesophageal reflux in neonates.
abstract: Pharmacotherapy for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in neonates, aimed at interfering with this physiologic process and potentially reducing the negative sequelae that providers often attribute to GER, consists primarily of drugs that increase the viscosity of feeds, reduce stomach acidity, or improve gut motility. Medications used to treat clinical signs thought to be from GER, such as apnea, bradycardia, or feeding intolerance, are among the most commonly prescribed medications in neonatal intensive care units in the United States, despite the lack of evidence of safety and efficacy in this population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cotten
mesh_terms: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D008787:Metoclopramide