title: Attitudes and Beliefs About Chronic Pain Among Nurses-Biomedical or Behavioral? A Cross-sectional Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have documented that nurses and other health care professionals are inadequately prepared to care for patients in chronic pain. Several reasons have been identified including inadequacies in nursing education, absence of curriculum content related to pain management, and attitudes and beliefs related to chronic pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper was to assess the chronic pain-related attitudes and beliefs among nursing professionals in order to evaluate the biomedical and behavioral dimensions of their perceptions on pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of 363 nurses in a multispecialty hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study utilized a self-report questionnaire - pain attitudes and beliefs scale (PABS) - which had 31 items (statements about pain) for each of which the person had to indicate the level at which he or she agreed or disagreed with each statement. Factor 1 score indicated a biomedical dimension while factor 2 score indicated a behavioral dimension to pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons across individual and professional variables for both dimensions were done using one-way ANOVA and correlations were done using the Karl-Pearson co-efficient using SPSS version 11.5 for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall factor 1 score was 52.95 ± 10.23 and factor 2 score was 20.93 ± 4.72 (P = 0.00). The female nurses had a higher behavioral dimension score (21.1 ± 4.81) than their male counterparts (19.55 ± 3.67) which was significant at P < 0.05 level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses had a greater orientation toward the biomedical dimension of chronic pain than the behavioral dimension. This difference was more pronounced in female nurses and those nurses who reported very "good" general health had higher behavioral dimension scores than those who had good general health. The study findings have important curricular implications for nurses and practical implications in palliative care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Allied Health Sciences, (Bangalore Campus), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Venkatesan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prem
authors.forename: Harikesavan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karvannan
authors.forename: Rd
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Binukumar
authors.forename: Saroja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaykumar
authors.forename: Senthil P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kumar