title: Effects of exercise and nutritional intake on sleep architecture in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have evaluated the relationship between sleep architecture and body mass index (BMI), nutrition, and physical activity in children. This study determined the relationship between sleep architecture and diet and exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred nineteen Caucasian and Hispanic children aged 10 to 17 years participated in the follow-up assessment of the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea study. The children and parents completed several questionnaires on dietary habits, amount of physical activity, and sleep habits. Subjects also underwent a home polysomnogram to characterize their sleep.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant bivariate correlations were noted between stage II sleep percentage and the following: BMI (r = 0.246, p < 0.01), estimated total recreational energy expenditure (r = 0.205, p < 0.01), vigorous activity (r = 0.130, p = 0.009), and total estimated activity (r = 0.148, p = 0.009). In girls, significant correlations were noted between stage II percentage sleep and BMI score (r = 0.279, p < 0.01). Also in girls, significant negative correlation was noted between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage and total fat intake (r = -0.168, p = 0.039). In boys, significant correlations were again seen between stage II percentage sleep and the following: BMI score (r = 0.218, p = 0.005), estimated total recreational energy expenditure (r = 0.265, p = 0.001), vigorous activity (r = 0.209, p = 0.008), and total estimated activity (r = 0.206, p = 0.010). When controlling for BMI percentile and age, significant bivariate correlation was also noted between REM sleep percentage and total fat intake (r = 0.176, p = 0.034) in boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI and exercise were associated with increases in stage II sleep. In girls, total fat intake was associated with a reduction in REM sleep, while in boys (after controlling for BMI percentile and age), total fat intake correlated with REM sleep.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kmawad@partners.org
authors.forename: Karim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Amy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Drescher
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Stuart F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001130:Arizona; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats