title: Gene expression changes in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fulminant type 1 diabetes (F1D) is a complex disease. Microarray analysis was used to identify gene expression changes and obtain understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microarray analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six F1D patients and six matched healthy subjects. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the differentially expressed genes. NK cell activity was detected by methyl thiazoleterazolium assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis identified 759 genes differing in expression between F1D patients and controls at a false discovery rate of 0.05. Expression of TLR9, ELF4 and IL1RAP were verified and consistent with changes in microarray results. NK cell activity was decreased in F1D. With use of a knowledge base, differentially expressed genes could be placed within different pathways with predicted functions including interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results identify several genes indicating possible mechanisms in F1D. NK cell dysfunction resulting from changes in expression of TLR9, ELF4 and IL1RAP, and pathways of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling might be involved in F1D through inducing β-cell dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yu-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhi-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult