title: Delayed type of asthmatic response to allergen challenge and cytokines in the peripheral blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with allergic bronchial asthma can develop various types of asthmatic response to bronchial challenge with allergens, such as immediate (IAR), late (LAR) or delayed (DYAR) response, due to different immunological mechanisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The DYAR, beginning within 26- 32 h after the challenge, reaching its maximum between 32 and 48 h and resolving within 56 h (p < 0.001), differs from IAR and LAR regarding the clinical features, diagnostic and immunological parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The repeated DYAR (p < 0.001) in 28 patients was supplemented with recording of cytokine concentrations in the serum before and up to 72 h after the bronchial challenge by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DYAR was accompanied by a significant increase in the serum concentration (p < 0.05) of IL-2 at 24, 36 and 48 h; IL-10 at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h; IL-18 at 12 and 24 h; IFN-γ at 24, 36, 48 and 56 h; G-CSF at 1 and 12 h; TNF-α at 12, 36 and 48 h and TGF-β at 12 and 36 h, and a significant decrease in the concentration (p < 0.05) of IL-7 at 36 and 48 h and IL-12p70 at 12 h, as compared both with the prechallenge and with PBS control values. No significant changes in the serum cytokines were recorded during the PBS controls (p > 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the evidence for an active involvement of the Th(1) cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells and endothelial cells, upon cooperation of other cell types, in the immunological mechanism(s) underlying the DYAR.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Research Foundation, Effenseweg 42, Breda, The Netherlands. zpelikan@casema.nl
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pelikan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma