title: A new method for cardiac computed tomography regional function assessment: stretch quantifier for endocardial engraved zones (SQUEEZ).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative assessment of regional myocardial function has important diagnostic implications in cardiac disease. Recent advances in CT imaging technology have allowed fine anatomic structures, such as endocardial trabeculae, to be resolved and potentially used as fiducial markers for tracking local wall deformations. We developed a method to detect and track such features on the endocardium to extract a metric that reflects local myocardial contraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First-pass CT images and contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance images were acquired in 8 infarcted and 3 healthy pigs. We tracked the left ventricle wall motion by segmenting the blood from myocardium and calculating trajectories of the endocardial features seen on the blood cast. The relative motions of these surface features were used to represent the local contraction of the endocardial surface with a metric we call stretch quantifier of endocardial engraved zones (SQUEEZ). The average SQUEEZ value and the rate of change in SQUEEZ were calculated for both infarcted and healthy myocardial regions. SQUEEZ showed a significant difference between infarct and remote regions (P<0.0001). No significant difference was observed between normal myocardium (noninfarcted hearts) and remote regions (P=0.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a new quantitative method for measuring regional cardiac function from high-resolution volumetric CT images, which can be acquired during angiography and myocardial perfusion scans. Quantified measures of regional cardiac mechanics in normal and abnormally contracting regions in infarcted hearts were shown to correspond well with noninfarcted and infarcted regions as detected by delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourmorteza
authors.forename: Karl H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schuleri
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Herzka
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lardo
authors.forename: Elliot R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: McVeigh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004699:Endocardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA