title: Direct laryngoscopy should be procedure of choice in the airway management of patients with dental cellulitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Airway management of patients with dental cellulitis can be difficult due to laryngeal deviation and oedema. Awake fibre-optic intubation has been recommended.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess our routine procedure which is based mainly on direct laryngoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single centre between February 2008 and February 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients suffering from dental cellulitis and requiring emergency surgery were included except pregnant women and patients under 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasotracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia was performed unless the supine position was not tolerated, or difficult mask ventilation or intubation was anticipated, when awake nasotracheal fibre-optic intubation was indicated. In the case of failure at the first attempt, orotracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy was attempted. If failure persisted, tracheotomy was then performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The principal endpoint was the incidence of difficult mask ventilation which was expected to be less than 5%. Secondary endpoints were the incidence of difficult tracheal intubation and tracheotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 127 consecutive patients (mouth opening 20±10 mm). One did not tolerate the supine position and was successfully intubated using the fiberscope. Among the 126 remaining, difficult mask ventilation did not occur [0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0-3%], 124 (98%) patients were intubated by direct laryngoscopy and two (2%) required tracheotomy. Retrognathia (odds ratio 8.2, 95% CI 1.3-50.1) and extension to oral floor (odds ratio 15.1, 95% CI 1.8-129.5) were significantly associated with the prediction of intubation failure at the first attempt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with dental cellulitis can be safely intubated through direct laryngoscopy even if mouth opening is limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boccheciampe
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hell-Remy
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Manach
authors.forename: Géraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrieu
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riou
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertolus
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langeron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058109:Airway Management / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000150:complications; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult