title: Insights into the transposable mobilome of Paracoccus spp. (Alphaproteobacteria).
abstract: Several trap plasmids (enabling positive selection of transposition events) were used to identify a pool of functional transposable elements (TEs) residing in bacteria of the genus Paracoccus (Alphaproteobacteria). Complex analysis of 25 strains representing 20 species of this genus led to the capture and characterization of (i) 37 insertion sequences (ISs) representing 9 IS families (IS3, IS5, IS6, IS21, IS66, IS256, IS1182, IS1380 and IS1634), (ii) a composite transposon Tn6097 generated by two copies of the ISPfe2 (IS1634 family) containing two predicted genetic modules, involved in the arginine deiminase pathway and daunorubicin/doxorubicin resistance, (iii) 3 non-composite transposons of the Tn3 family, including Tn5393 carrying streptomycin resistance and (iv) a transposable genomic island TnPpa1 (45 kb). Some of the elements (e.g. Tn5393, Tn6097 and ISs of the IS903 group of the IS5 family) were shown to contain strong promoters able to drive transcription of genes placed downstream of the target site of transposition. Through the application of trap plasmid pCM132TC, containing a promoterless tetracycline resistance reporter gene, we identified five ways in which transposition can supply promoters to transcriptionally silent genes. Besides highlighting the diversity and specific features of several TEs, the analyses performed in this study have provided novel and interesting information on (i) the dynamics of the process of transposition (e.g. the unusually high frequency of transposition of TnPpa1) and (ii) structural changes in DNA mediated by transposition (e.g. the generation of large deletions in the recipient molecule upon transposition of ISPve1 of the IS21 family). We also demonstrated the great potential of TEs and transposition in the generation of diverse phenotypes as well as in the natural amplification and dissemination of genetic information (of adaptative value) by horizontal gene transfer, which is considered the driving force of bacterial evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dziewit
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baj
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szuplewska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maj
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabin
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czyzkowska
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skrzypczyk
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamczuk
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sitarek
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stawinski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tudek
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wanasz
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wardal
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piechucka
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartosik
mesh_terms: D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000502:physiology*; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D010230:Paracoccus / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements