title: Regenerative medicine as applied to general surgery.
abstract: The present review illustrates the state of the art of regenerative medicine (RM) as applied to surgical diseases and demonstrates that this field has the potential to address some of the unmet needs in surgery. RM is a multidisciplinary field whose purpose is to regenerate in vivo or ex vivo human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function through exploitation of the potential to regenerate, which is intrinsic to human cells, tissues, and organs. RM uses cells and/or specially designed biomaterials to reach its goals and RM-based therapies are already in use in several clinical trials in most fields of surgery. The main challenges for investigators are threefold: Creation of an appropriate microenvironment ex vivo that is able to sustain cell physiology and function in order to generate the desired cells or body parts; identification and appropriate manipulation of cells that have the potential to generate parenchymal, stromal and vascular components on demand, both in vivo and ex vivo; and production of smart materials that are able to drive cell fate.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA. gorlando@wakehealth.edu
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Coppi
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Kyle W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Khalil N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Bitar
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farney
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figliuzzi
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macchiarini
authors.forename: Sayed-Hadi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mirmalek Sani
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Opara
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Saul
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seliktar
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shapira-Schweitzer
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atala
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stratta
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000601:surgery; D013502:General Surgery / Q000639:trends*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D007830:Larynx / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C114835:integra artificial skin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003094:Collagen