title: Morphometric variables related to metabolic profile in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the relationships of waist circumference and body weight with circulating markers of metabolic, cardiovascular, and hepatic function in chimpanzees  (Pan troglodytes). After a 12-h fast, blood was collected from 39 adult captive chimpanzees for measurement of serum glucose, BUN, creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP, total and direct bilirubin, triglyceride, and insulin, and waist circumference and body weight were measured.  Waist circumference was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin resistance as estimated by the homeostatic model assessment method, and albumin in female chimpanzees and with triglyceride in female and male chimpanzees. Body weight was correlated  significantly with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in female chimpanzees and triglyceride in male chimpanzees. Male chimpanzees were heavier and had lower diastolic blood pressure, greater creatinine, albumin, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin values than did female chimpanzees.  The relationships between waist circumference and blood pressure and triglyceride are consistent with those reported in humans and other primate species. In conclusion, our study is the first work to demonstrate a relationship between waist circumference and metabolic risk factors in chimpanzees.  Results demonstrated that waist circumference was associated with more metabolic risk factors than was body weight, particularly in female chimpanzees.
authors.affiliation: Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. andrade@fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Marcia C R
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Mattern
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De La Garza
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brasky
authors.forename: V Saroja
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Voruganti
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Comuzzie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*