title: Brief report: incidence of ophthalmologic disorders in children with autism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of ophthalmologic disorders in children with autism and related disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review. Four hundred and seven children diagnosed with autism or a related disorder between 1998 and 2006. one hundred and fifty-four of these children completed a comprehensive ophthalmology exam by a pediatric ophthalmologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ophthalmologic pathology was found in 40% of patients with autism or a related disorder with 29% having significant refractive errors, 21% demonstrating strabismus, and 10% having amblyopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with autism or a related disorder will frequently have an ophthalmologic abnormality. Since cooperation with vision screening is understandably limited in these children, a comprehensive eye examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist is recommended for all such children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Bradley V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Davitt
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ultmann
authors.forename: Rolanda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maxim
authors.forename: Oscar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*