title: Causes of sub-optimal cataract surgical outcomes in patients presenting to a teaching hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment for cataract blindness in India is increasing apace; however, sight restoration after surgery is not always satisfactory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate visual outcome after cataract surgery and causes of sub-optimal outcome, if any.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study including the patients who had undergone cataract surgery six months to ten years ago was carried out. The variables studied were visual acuity, demographic and surgical factors and ocular findings. The causes of subnormal outcome were categorized into cataract surgery-related or unrelated.
  
  
  METHODS
  SPSS-17 was used; the Chi-square test was used to determine the association between good outcome and categorical variables; the t-test was used for continuous variables. Multivariate analysis using step-wise logistic regression was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 644 patients (644 eyes), good outcome (presenting visual acuity 6/18 or better) after surgery was seen in 266 (41.3 %) eyes. Good outcome was significantly related to urban residence, presence of an intraocular lens and absence of ocular co-morbidities or posterior capsule opacification. Borderline and poor outcomes were mainly due to surgery related causes; treatable causes included uncorrected refractive errors, and posterior capsule opacification. Intra-operative complications resulting in a pulled-up pupil were frequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical factors are responsible most often for sub-optimal visual outcome; some, like induced astigmatism and vitreous loss, can be modified with training; actively encouraging follow-up visits can allow treatment of residual refractive errors and capsular opacification..
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kshitiz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity