title: Development and psychometric evaluation of a clinical global impression for schizoaffective disorder scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Clinical Global Impression for Schizoaffective Disorder scale is a new rating scale adapted from the Clinical Global Impression scale for use in patients with schizoaffective disorder. The psychometric characteristics of the Clinical Global Impression for Schizoaffective Disorder are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Content validity was assessed using an investigator questionnaire. Inter-rater reliability was determined with 12 sets of videotaped interviews rated independently by two trained individuals. Test-retest reliability was assessed using 30 randomly selected raters from clinical trials who evaluated the same videos on separate occasions two weeks apart. Convergent and divergent validity and effect size were evaluated by comparing scores between the Clinical Global Impression for Schizoaffective Disorder and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Young Mania Rating Scale scales using pooled patient data from two clinical trials. Clinical Global Impression for Schizoaffective Disorder scores were then linked to corresponding Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Content validity was strong. Inter-rater agreement was good to excellent for most scales and subscales (intra-class correlation coefficient ≥ 0.50). Test-retest showed good reproducibility, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.444 to 0.898. Spearman correlations between Clinical Global Impression for Schizoaffective Disorder domains and corresponding symptom scales were 0.60 or greater, and effect sizes for Clinical Global Impression for Schizoaffective Disorder overall and domain scores were similar to Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Young Mania Rating Scale, and 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores. Raters anticipated that the scale might be less effective in distinguishing negative from depressive symptoms, and, in fact, the results here may reflect that clinical reality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple lines of evidence support the reliability and validity of the Clinical Global Impression for Schizoaffective Disorder for studies in schizoaffective disorder.
authors.affiliation: Colorado Depression Center at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, and VISN 19 Suicide MIRECC, Denver, Colorado, USA. Michael.Allen@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Revicki
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Canuso
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turkoz
authors.forename: Dong-Jing
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alphs
authors.forename: K Jack
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ishak
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bartko
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lindenmayer