title: Diabetic macular edema: current and emerging therapies.
abstract: Diabetic macular edema is a leading cause of vision impairment among people within the working- age population. This review discusses the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema and the treatment options currently available for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, including for focal/grid photocoagulation, intravitreal corticosteroids and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. The biologic rationale for novel therapeutic agents, many of which are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, also is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wenick
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bressler