title: Distinct dopaminergic personality patterns in patients with prolactinomas: a comparison with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma patients and age- and gender-matched controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Personality patterns such as extraversion and novelty seeking have been associated with an altered dopaminergic activity in healthy subjects. Patients with prolactinomas have been described as exhibiting an altered dopaminergic tone and are often treated with dopamine agonists. Little is known about the personality traits of this patient group. Hence, we aimed at examining whether patients with prolactinomas exhibit modified personality patterns compared to patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 86 patients with prolactinomas and 58 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) were compared with 172 mentally healthy age- and gender-matched controls. To assess personality traits, standardized personality questionnaires (Eysenck personality questionnaire-EPQ-RK and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire devised by Cloninger-TPQ) were administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with either prolactinomas or NFPA showed a distinct personality profile compared to the normal population, characterized by increased neuroticism and they also answered in a socially desirable mode. On harm-avoidant total and subscales, they presented with a higher fear of uncertainty and also increased fatigability and asthenia. The prolactinoma patients, when contrasted with the 'clinical' control group of patients with NFPA and after post hoc tests for multiple comparisons following the Bonferroni-Holm procedure showed significantly reduced extraversion (p = 0.044) and increased shyness with strangers (p = 0.044), tending to be more neurotic and present lower scores in the novelty seeking subscale impulsiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is, to our knowledge, the first study providing new evidence of an altered personality profile of prolactinoma patients which might affect the patient-doctor relationship, treatment and patient's quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. athanasoulia@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Athanasoulia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ising
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mantzoros
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stalla
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sievers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine