title: The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The literature suggests a lack of consensus on the use of terms related to coeliac disease (CD) and gluten.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary task force of 16 physicians from seven countries used the electronic database PubMed to review the literature for CD-related terms up to January 2011. Teams of physicians then suggested a definition for each term, followed by feedback of these definitions through a web survey on definitions, discussions during a meeting in Oslo and phone conferences. In addition to 'CD', the following descriptors of CD were evaluated (in alphabetical order): asymptomatic, atypical, classical, latent, non-classical, overt, paediatric classical, potential, refractory, silent, subclinical, symptomatic, typical, CD serology, CD autoimmunity, genetically at risk of CD, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten, gluten ataxia, gluten intolerance, gluten sensitivity and gliadin-specific antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD was defined as 'a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals'. Classical CD was defined as 'CD presenting with signs and symptoms of malabsorption. Diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, weight loss or growth failure is required.' 'Gluten-related disorders' is the suggested umbrella term for all diseases triggered by gluten and the term gluten intolerance should not to be used. Other definitions are presented in the paper.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper presents the Oslo definitions for CD-related terms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jonas F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ludvigsson
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biagi
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasano
authors.forename: Peter H R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadjivassiliou
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaukinen
authors.forename: Ciaran P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Knut Erik Aslaksen
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Marjorie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zingone
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciacci
mesh_terms: D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003874:Dermatitis Herpetiformis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D012008:Recurrence; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D005983:Glutens