title: Oxidative stress imaging in live animals with techniques based on electron paramagnetic resonance.
abstract: Oxidative stress has been the object of considerable biological and biochemical investigation. Quantification has been difficult although the quantitative level of products of biological oxidations in tissues and tissue products has emerged as a widely used technique. The relationship between these products and the amount of oxidative stress is less clear. Imaging oxidative stress with electron paramagnetic resonance related magnetic resonance imaging, while not addressing the specific issue of quantification of initiating events, focuses on the anatomic specific location of the oxidative stress. Moreover, the relative quantification of oxidative stress of one location against another is possible, sharpening our understanding of oxidative stress. This promises to improve our understanding of oxidative stress and its deleterious consequences and enhance our understanding of the effectiveness of interventions to modulate oxidative stress and its consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Martyna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elas
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Halpern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003287:Contrast Media; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013113:Spin Labels; D019811:Hydroxylamine; C039900:nitroxyl