title: Occipital condyle screw placement and occipitocervical instrumentation using three-dimensional image-guided navigation.
abstract: Occipital condyle (OC) screws are an alternative cephalad fixation point in occipitocervical fusion. Safe placement of occipital, C1 lateral mass, and C2 pars screws have been described previously, but not OC screws. The craniocervical junction is complex, and a thorough understanding of the anatomy is needed. Three-dimensional (3D) image-guided navigation was used in six patients. There were no complications related to image-guided navigation during the placement of 12 OC screws and we found that this navigation can serve as a useful adjunct when placing an OC screw. Technical considerations of placing OC and C1 lateral mass screws are discussed with particular reference to patient positioning and the StealthStation® S7™ image-guided navigational platform (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The reference arc is attached to the head-clamp and faces forward. The optical camera and monitor are positioned at the head of the table for a direct, non-obstructed line-of-sight. To minimize intersegmental movement, the OC should not be drilled until all other screws have been placed. We conclude that 3D image-guided navigation is a useful adjunct that can be safely and effectively used for placement of instrumentation of the upper cervical spine including the OC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
authors.forename: Tien V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Clint
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burkett
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Juan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Uribe
mesh_terms: D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods*; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*