title: Effects of exercise on weight loss and monocytes in obese mice.
abstract: Obesity causes innate immune dysfunction, contributing to increased disease risk. Weight loss from a combination of caloric restriction and exercise is the most effective treatment of obesity. We compared forced and voluntary exercise as weight-loss treatments in diet-induced obese  (DIO) mice and assessed the effects of weight loss on monocyte concentration and cell-surface expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, CD80, and CD86. DIO CD1 male mice were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 groups (n = 6 per group): voluntary wheel running (VEX); forced treadmill  running (FEX); and sedentary (S). A fourth (control) group (CN, n = 6) of nonDIO mice was included also. During the 8-wk weight-loss treatment, all 4 groups consumed a low-fat (10% fat) diet. Nonlethal saphenous vein blood samples collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8 were analyzed  by flow cytometry to assess monocyte concentration and functional receptor expression. The VEX and FEX groups lost significantly more body weight (36% and 27%, respectively) over the 8 wk of treatment than did other groups. VEX mice ran 4.4 times more than did FEX animals. VEX mice had higher  monocyte concentrations (48% and 58%, respectively) than did the CN and FEX groups. Compared with baseline, week 8 cell-surface expression of TLR2 (22%), TLR4 (33%), and CD86 (18%) was increased in VEX mice. At week 4, CD80 expression was 42% greater for VEX than S mice. The present study  confirms that short-term exercise and low-fat diet consumption cause significant weight loss and altered immune profiles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Katie C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strohacker
authors.forename: Whitney L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Lowder
authors.forename: Nadia H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Agha
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: McFarlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4