title: Exposure system to study hypotheses of ELF and RF electromagnetic field interactions of mobile phones with the central nervous system.
abstract: A novel exposure system for double-blind human electromagnetic provocation studies has been developed that satisfies the precision, control of fields and potential artifacts, and provides the flexibility to investigate the response of hypotheses-driven electromagnetic field exposure schemes on brain function, ranging from extremely low frequency (ELF) to radio frequency (RF) fields. The system can provide the same exposure of the lateral cerebral cortex at two different RF frequencies (900 and 2140 MHz) but with different exposure levels at subcortical structures, and also allows uniform ELF magnetic field exposure of the brain. The RF modulation and ELF signal are obtained by a freely programmable arbitrary signal generator allowing a wide range of worst-case exposure scenarios to be simulated, including those caused by wireless devices. The maximum achievable RF exposure is larger than 60 W/kg peak spatial specific absorption rate averaged over 10 g of tissue. The maximum ELF magnetic field exposure of the brain is 800 A/m at 50 Hz with a deviation from uniformity of 8% (SD).
authors.affiliation: IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland. murbach@itis.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murbach
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christopoulou
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crespo-Valero
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achermann
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*