title: [Measurement and analysis of smile line of 62 Han-Chinese].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze smile features in maximum lip-dynamic in Chinese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two Han-Chinese, travelling in Germany, with a mean age of 28.5 years were enrolled and photographed. Standardized digital photos were made to measure the height of displayed maxillary gingiva, papilla and tooth during an enjoyment smile. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney-U Test and non-parametric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean height of tooth display for the central incisors was 10 mm, with no significant difference between the gender (P > 0.05). The mean height of gingival display was 1.3 mm and the mean papilla height was 3.4 mm. There was no significant difference between the genders (P > 0.05). 31% (19/62) of the subjects belonged to high smile line type, 50% (31/62) to medium smile line type and 19% (12/62) to low smile line type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The red esthetics is a paramount factor for Chinese men and women in the esthetic restoration. 81% of the Chinese studied showed various degree of gingival exposure from central incisor to the premolars, which defined the esthetic area for Chinese people. Papilla is a critical parameter for esthetic evaluation and treatment design. The ratio of high smile line in Chinese may be higher than that in Caucasian.
authors.affiliation: Center of Dental Implantation, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-lian
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heberer
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003771:Dental Papilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000379:methods; D012904:Smiling; D055815:Young Adult