title: [Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the expression of HIF-1α and NGAL in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the level of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and NGAL in rat kidney after renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), before and after the treatment with Cordyceps Sinensis (C. sinensis), and to explore the mechanism of C. sinensis against I/R injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a renal I/R model group, and a C. sinensis group (15 in each group).The rats in the sham group and the renal I/R model group were intragastrically administered saline (2 mL/d), and rats in the treatment group were intragastricabby administered of C. sinensis [5.0 g/(kg.d)]. The rats were sacrificed at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively after the reperfusion and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) level was measured, renal function in rats was detected, and the pathological changes were observed with HE staining. We determined the urinary NGAL levels in the rats by ELISA, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA by RT-PCR, and the expressions of HIF-1α and NGAL proteins by confocal immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the sham group, the levels of BUN, SCr, levels of NAG and NGAL in urine were increased in the I/R group and the C. sinensis group, reached a peak at 24 h after the reperfusion and slowly declined at 48 and 72 h. Glomerular and tubulointerstitial areas in the sham group did not show any pathological change. Induced pathological changes included tubular cell necrosis, focal areas of proximal tubular dilation, distal tubular casts, effacement and loss of proximal tubule brush border, etc. Compared with the sham group, the expression of HIF-1α and NGAL in the kidney tissues of the I/R group and the C. sinensis group increased. C. sinensis can lower the level of NAG and NGAL in the urine and the expression of NGAL protein in the kidney tissues. It up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in the kidney tissues whilst attenuated the pathological changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal I/R injury in rats can lead to pathological changes in renal tubular epithelial cells and renal interstitial damage, which are consistent with the pathological features of acute kidney injury (AKI).The level of urinary NAGL increases after the I/R, and positively correlates with the level of urinary NAG and pathological changes, suggesting that urinary NGAL may serve as a urinary biomarker for specific detection of tubular injury in AKI. C. sinensis can attenuate the renal I/ R-induced AKI. Its mechanism may be associated with up-regulating the expression of HIF-1α and down-regulating the expression of NGAL in the kidney tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qiaoling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Renfa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D032661:Cordyceps / Q000737:chemistry*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C097278:Lcn2 protein, rat; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins