title: Serum procalcitonin in the diagnosis and management of intra-abdominal infections.
abstract: The biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) has been used to diagnose and monitor a number of clinically significant infections. Serum levels of PCT are often increased in the presence of bacterial and fungal infections but not viral infections or noninfectious inflammation. Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are serious conditions that pose difficult challenges to physicians and the healthcare system. Researchers have evaluated PCT in the management of IAIs, both for diagnosis and for guiding antibiotic therapy. The studies have produced mixed results, leading to controversy on the utility of PCT in IAIs. PCT appears to be most useful in diagnosing postoperative infections and necrotizing pancreatitis. This review aims to summarize these data, explore the pathophysiology of PCT in sepsis from IAIs, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of PCT monitoring in IAIs, and provide guidance for the interpretation of PCT levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Akron General Medical Center, 224 W. Exchange St. Suite 290, Akron, OH 44302, USA. rwatkins@agmc.org
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lemonovich
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D059413:Intraabdominal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000382:microbiology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide