title: Biocompatibility and resorption of a radiopaque premixed calcium phosphate cement.
abstract: Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are used as bone void filler in various orthopedic indications; however, there are some major drawbacks regarding mixing, transfer, and injection of traditional CPC. By using glycerol as mixing liquid, a premixed calcium phosphate cement (pCPC), some of these difficulties can be overcome. In the treatment of vertebral fractures the handling characteristics need to be excellent including a high radio-opacity for optimal control during injection. The aim of this study is to evaluate a radiopaque pCPC regarding its resorption behavior and biocompatibility in vivo. pCPC and a water-based CPC were injected into a Ø 4-mm drilled femur defect in rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed after 2 and 12 weeks. Cross sections of the defects were evaluated using histology, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical analysis. Signs of inflammation were evaluated both locally and systemically. The results showed a higher bone formation in the pCPC compared to the water-based CPC after 2 weeks by expression of RUNX-2. After 12 weeks most of the cement had been resorbed in both groups. Both materials were considered to have a high biocompatibility since no marked immunological response was induced and extensive bone ingrowth was observed. The conclusion from the study was that pCPC with ZrO(2) radiopacifier is a promising alternative regarding bone replacement material and may be suggested for treatment of, for example, vertebral fractures based on its high biocompatibility, fast bone ingrowth, and good handling properties.
authors.affiliation: Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. jonas.aberg@angstrom.uu.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aberg
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmquist
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brantsing
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brisby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003287:Contrast Media; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C020243:calcium phosphate