title: [Destruction of synovial pannus of antigen-induced arthritis by ultrasonic cavitation in rabbits].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize the conditions of ultrasonic irradiation and microbubble of ultrasound cavitation on destruction of synovial pannus of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antigen-induced arthritis was successfully induced on bilateral knee joints of 85 rabbits. Each 10 AIA rabbits were divided into two groups to compare various peak negative pressures, different ultrasonic pulse durations, various pulse repetition frequencies, different irradiance duration, different dosages of microbubble contrast agents, different ultrasonic irradiance times. With intravenous infusion of Sonovue to the rabbits, ultrasonic irradiance was performed on the right knee joint using the above condition of ultrasound cavitation. At the day 1 after ultrasonic irradiance, MRI and pathological examination were employed to evaluate the optimal conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimal parameters and conditions for ultrasonic irradiance included intermittent ultrasonic application (in 6 s intervals), 0.6 mL/kg of microbubble contrast agent, 4.6 MPa of ultrasonic peak negative pressure, 100 cycles of pulse duration, 50 Hz of pulse repetition frequency, 5 min of ultrasonic duration, 0.6 mL/kg of dosages of microbubble contrast agents and multi-sessional ultrasonic irradiance. After the ultrasonic irradiance, the thickness of right knee synovium measured by MRI was thinner than that of left knee and synovial necrosis was confirmed by the pathological finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under optimal ultrasonic irradiation and microbubble conditions, ultrasonic cavitation could destroy synovial pannus of AIA in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Ling-yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiao-rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011817:Rabbits; D013016:Sound; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010047:Ovalbumin