title: Less invasive blood sampling in the animal laboratory: clinical chemistry and haematology of blood obtained by the Triatominae bug Dipetalogaster maximus.
abstract: Dipetalogaster maximus (Dipmax), a blood-sucking bug belonging to the family Reduviidae, has been used to obtain blood samples, for example for clinical chemistry and haematology, in a variety of zoo animals and wildlife. Using this bug allows stress-free blood sampling as the bug is able to draw blood without the mammal noticing the bug. In laboratory animal science, the need for blood samples from unstressed animals may arise, especially in animal behaviour research. The use of Dipmax bugs may prove a valuable tool for this purpose. To validate the method, we compared an array of standard blood parameters sampled from New Zealand White rabbits, sampled either by the use of bugs or by the conventional method; puncture of vena auricularis caudalis. The overall hypothesis was that there was no significant difference in clinical chemistry and haematological parameters between the bug method and the conventional method. A total of 17 clinical parameters as well as 12 haematological parameters were measured and compared in New Zealand White rabbits. The results showed that for 13 of these 29 analysed parameters, the bug method and the conventional method did not give significantly different results, and the obtained results were thus directly comparable. For the remaining parameters the obtained results were significantly different. However, all parameters were measurable in the bug samples. The influences of the bug metabolism on these parameters are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C,  Denmark.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Markvardsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kjelgaard-Hansen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011817:Rabbits / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014225:Triatominae / Q000502:physiology*