title: Structure-activity relationships of organofluorine inhibitors of β-amyloid self-assembly.
abstract: A broad group of structurally diverse small organofluorine compounds were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of β-amyloid (Aβ) self-assembly. The main goal was to generate a diverse library of compounds with the same functional group and to observe general structural features that characterize inhibitors of Aβ oligomer and fibril formation, ultimately identifying structures for further focused inhibitor design. The common structural motifs in these compounds are CF(3) -C-OH and CF(3) -C-NH groups that were proposed to be binding units in our previous studies. A broad range of potential small-molecule inhibitors were synthesized by combining various carbocyclic and heteroaromatic rings with an array of substituents, generating a total of 106 molecules. The compounds were tested by standard methods such as thioflavin-T fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring fibril formation, biotinyl Aβ(1-42)  single-site streptavidin-based assays for observing oligomer formation, and atomic force microscopy for morphological studies. These assays revealed a number of structures that show significant inhibition against either Aβ fibril or oligomer formation. A detailed analysis of the structure-activity relationship of anti-fibril and -oligomer properties is provided. These data present further experimental evidence for the distinct nature of fibril versus oligomer formation and indicate that the interaction of the Aβ peptide with chiral small molecules is not stereospecific in nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA. bela.torok@umb.edu
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Török
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Borkin
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lawler
authors.forename: Sujaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: Shainaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landge
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: LeVine
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Török
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017510:Protein Folding; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000187:drug effects; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014270:Trifluoroethanol / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D014270:Trifluoroethanol