title: Ciprofloxacin-induced antibacterial activity is reversed by vitamin E and vitamin C.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of oxidative stress in ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity against several reference bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Oxidative stress was assessed by measurement of hydrogen peroxide generation using a FACScan flow cytometer. The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was assessed using the disk diffusion method and by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Ciprofloxacin induced a dose-dependent antibacterial activity against all bacteria where the highest tested concentration was 100 ug/ml. Results revealed that E. coli cells were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 0.21 μg/mL ± 0.087), P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells were intermediately sensitive (MIC = 5.40 μg/mL ± 0.14; MIC = 3.42 μg/mL ± 0.377, respectively), and MRSA cells were highly resistant (MIC = 16.76 μg/mL ± 2.1). Pretreatment of E. coli cells with either vitamin E or vitamin C has significantly protected cells against ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicate the possible antagonistic properties for vitamins C or E when they are used concurrently with ciprofloxacin.
authors.affiliation: Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. mmmasadeh@just.edu.jo
authors.forename: Majed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Masadeh
authors.forename: Nizar M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mhaidat
authors.forename: Karem H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Alzoubi
authors.forename: Sayer I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Al-Azzam
authors.forename: Ashraf I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Shaweesh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014810:Vitamin E; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid