title: The chain length of dietary saturated fatty acids affects human postprandial lipemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Saturated fats increase total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and are linked to coronary artery disease risk. The effect of variance in chain length of saturated fatty acids (SFA) on coronary artery disease in human postprandial lipemia is not well elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 healthy volunteers were challenged with 3 test meals, similar in fat content (~31% en) but varying in saturated SFA content and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S). The 3 meals were lauric + myristic acid-rich (LM), P/S 0.19; palmitic acid-rich (POL), P/S 0.31; and stearic acid-rich (STE), P/S 0.22. Blood was sampled at fasted baseline and 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hours. Plasma lipids (triacylglycerol [TAG]) and lipoproteins (TC, LDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C]) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Varying SFA in the test meal significantly impacted postprandial TAG response (p < 0.05). Plasma TAG peaked at 5 hours for STE, 4 hours for POL, and 2 hours for LM test meals. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) for plasma TAG was increased significantly after STE treatment (STE > LM by 32.2%, p = 0.003; STE > POL by 27.9%, p = 0.023) but was not significantly different between POL and LM (POL > LM by 6.0%, p > 0.05). At 2 hours, plasma HDL-C increased significantly after the LM and POL test meals compared with STE (p < 0.05). In comparison to the STE test meal, HDL-C AUC was elevated 14.0% (p = 0.005) and 7.6% (p = 0.023) by the LM and POL test meals, respectively. The TC response was also increased significantly by LM compared with both POL and STE test meals (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chain length of saturates clearly mediated postmeal plasma TAG and HDL-C changes.
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Kelana Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tilakavati
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karupaiah
authors.forename: Choon H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Karuthan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chinna
authors.forename: Kalyana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism*; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000073878:Palm Oil; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012308:Risk Management; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007850:Lauric Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D013229:Stearic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D019814:Myristic Acid; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; C052387:cocoa butter; D000073878:Palm Oil; D003314:Corn Oil; D000074263:Coconut Oil