title: [Expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and its clinicopathological significance].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as discuss its clinicopathological significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were obtained from 114 cases (53 cases with granulocyte infiltration) diagnosed pathologically as NSCLC in General Hospital of PLA. Paraffin-embedded tissues from these 114 cases of NSCLC were examined for expression of G-CSF by immunohistochemical staining. Correlation between G-CSF expression and pathological features, clinical manifestation, prognosis of patients with NSCLC was analyzed statistically. All the patients were retrospectively followed-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five of the 114 NSCLC specimens expressed G-CSF, and among these 41 (41/54, 75.9%) were large cell carcinoma, nine (9/30, 30.0%) were adenocarcinoma and five (5/30, 16.7%) were squamous cell carcinoma. The expression was significantly correlated with infiltration of tumor mass by neutrophilic granulocytes, histological type, necrosis, differentiation, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, recurrence and survival period (P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation with primary tumor size (P > 0.05). Logistic multi-factor analysis revealed that necrosis, lymph nodes metastases and distant metastases RR (risk ratio) in G-CSF positive group was 5.57, 6.28 and 5.24 times higher than those of G-CSF negative group (P < 0.05). There were remarkable difference of 5-year survival rates (0 and 12.1% respectively) and survival period (42 and 62 months respectively) between positive and negative groups (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NSCLC with G-CSF excretion are mainly large cell lung cancer. The pathologic characteristics of these cases with G-CSF expression included poor differentiation, remarkable atypia, prominent necrosis and infiltration of tumor mass by neutrophils or emperipolesis. These tumors are usually more aggressive in biological behavior and have worse prognosis than those without G-CSF expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China. weilx301@263.net
authors.forename: Li-xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Wei-ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ai-tao
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yan-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Huai-yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor