title: Umbilical laparoscopic scar endometriosis.
abstract: Umbilical endometriosis is rare and challenging in both diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of an umbilical scar endometriotic nodule in a 39-year-old lady following laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. The wide local excision of the nodule and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. We discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sreelakshmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodandapani
authors.forename: Muralidhar V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathew