title: Late-preterm cesarean delivery and chemokines concentration in the umbilical cord blood of neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate whether concentrations of chemokines in the umbilical cord blood of neonates are affected by delivery via cesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical cord blood was obtained from 116 singleton late-preterm and full-term neonates without infections, born to healthy pregnant women. Concentrations of chemokines - MIP-1α (CCL3), MIP-1β 1 (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), GRO-α (CXCL1) and ENA-78 (CXCL5) - were measured by ELISA. Logistic regression was used to investigate regression relationships between the occurrence of neonatal chemokines concentrations in umbilical cord blood and mode and time of delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of CXC chemokines in late-preterm neonates were the same as those in term neonates. RANTES concentrations in late-preterm cord blood were significantly lower than concentrations in term cord blood. Concentrations of the CC chemokine - RANTES (CCL5) - were noted to be lower in neonates born to cesarean section than in neonates born vaginally. Any anesthetic taken by the mothers during cesarean section did not affect CC chemokine production in the cord blood of full-term neonates. In a logistic regression model including gestational age as a variable, late-preterm delivery was associated with RANTES concentrations (OR = 3.8). After adjustment for variable mode of delivery in regression model, RANTES concentration (OR = 4.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both late-preterm and cesarean delivery are essential risk factors of low RANTES (CCL5) concentrations in the umbilical cord blood.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department and Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland. olejnik@olejnik.x.pl
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Królak-Olejnik
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olejnik
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D047929:Term Birth / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C486263:CXCL5 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D018925:Chemokines