title: Work-related stress and Type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Work-related psychosocial stress has been hypothesized to increase the individual risk of Type 2 diabetes; however, observational epidemiological studies investigating the association between work-related psychosocial stress and Type 2 diabetes have provided an inconsistent picture.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether work-related psychosocial stress (defined by a work-related stress model or by long work hours) is associated with the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature was conducted until March 2010. Studies eligible for inclusion were published observational epidemiological studies of adult participants in community or occupational settings if they had a measure of work-related stress on a validated scale or a measure of work hours or overtime assessed prior to, or at the same time as, assessment of Type 2 diabetes status. Where possible, meta-analysis was conducted to obtain summary odds ratios of the association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We located nine studies (four prospective, one case-control and four cross-sectional). The meta-analyses did not show any statistically significant associations between any individual aspect of work-related psychosocial stress or job strain and risk of Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The specific hypothesis that a working environment characterized by high psychosocial stress is directly associated with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes could not be supported from the meta-analysis.
authors.affiliation: Cherry Hinton Medical Centre, 34 Fishers Lane, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB1 9HR, UK. drmartincosgrove@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sargeant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caleyachetty
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013997:Time Factors; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult