title: Reversal of oxidative stress by histamine H₃ receptor-ligands in experimental models of schizophrenia.
abstract: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a debilitating disorder afflicting around 1% of the world population. Recent literature reveals oxidative injuries contribute enormously to the pathophysiology of SCZ alongside other psychopathological disturbances. Histamine H3R-antagonists have shown dual mechanism of action in experimental models of SCZ. Firstly it prevents oxidative stress and secondly alleviates schizophrenic symptoms, particularly the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. In the present study, histamine H3R-antagonists used were ciproxifan (3.0 mg/kg, ip) and clobenpropit (15 mg/kg, ip) markedly controlled the elevated levels of various oxidative stress markers, for example, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, catalase, etc., as a result of augmented oxidative stress in the experimental models of SCZ such as amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, sc) and dizocilpine (MK-801) (0.2 mg/kg, ip) induced locomotor hyperactivity, apomorphine (1.5 mg/kg, sc) induced climbing behavior and haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg, po) induced catalepsy. The results of the present study revealed that H3R-antagonists possess antioxidant activity and could serve with dual mechanism by supplementing antioxidant needs of SCZ and at the same time controlling symptoms of SCZ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khanam
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002375:Catalepsy / Q000139:chemically induced; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D054828:Histamine H3 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D054828:Histamine H3 Antagonists; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D000661:Amphetamine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D006220:Haloperidol; D001058:Apomorphine