title: Indwelling supradural catheters for induction of facial allodynia: surgical procedures, application of inflammatory stimuli, and behavioral testing.
abstract: Migraine headaches are debilitatingly painful and poorly managed. Facial allodynia is often associated with migraine, and clinical evidence indicates that it is a critical point in migraine progression. That is, if the migraine can be treated prior to the onset of facial allodynia, the migraine can be halted using triptans, whereas if treatment is administered after facial allodynia has begun, the treatment is ineffective. The meninges and the immune cells therein have been implicated in migraine facial pain. Indeed, application of inflammatory mediators over the meninges has been used to study changes in pain responsive neurons in trigeminal complex, and changes in their receptive fields. Much of this research has been carried out in anesthetized rats, which limits the clinical application. Our indwelling supradural catheter model, in which inflammatory mediators can be administered to the meninges in awake and freely moving rats, allows for the assessment of behavioral changes shortly after injection. Following administration of inflammatory soup (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and prostaglandin E2) or the immunogenic HIV-1 coat protein gp120 results in reliable periorbital mechanical allodynia. This model provides an additional means to study the neurocircuitry and neuropharmacology of facial allodynia. Here, we describe detailed methods for the placement of the catheter, injection procedures, and assessment of facial allodynia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. Wieseler@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wieseler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sprunger
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Steven F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Linda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D051381:Rats