title: Modulating intestinal immune responses by lipoteichoic acid-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism(s) by which the intestinal commensal microbe Lactobacillus acidophilus can affect host immunity, we studied the role of a component of the cell wall, lipoteichoic acid, in colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of pathogenic CD4(+)CD25(-)CD45RB(hi) T cells into Rag1(-/-) mice. The parental strain, NCK56, or the lipoteichoic acid-deficient strain, NCK2025, was then administered orally. Fluorescent microscopy was employed to examine resulting cell populations and their cytokine production in the colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NCK2025 enhanced IL-10 production by dendritic cells and macrophages. Increased numbers of regulatory dendritic cells coincided with the induction of activated FoxP3(+) Tregs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the oral administration of the genetically modified strain NCK2025 may be an effective immunotherapeutic approach that reprograms the immune response in colonic inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadeh
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bere
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gounaris
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klaenhammer
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohamadzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003092:Colitis / Q000628:therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D056747:Immunomodulation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015703:Antigens, CD; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D016753:Interleukin-10; C009900:lipoteichoic acid