title: Canadian valuation of EQ-5D health states: preliminary value set and considerations for future valuation studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The EQ-5D is a preference based instrument which provides a description of a respondent's health status, and an empirically derived value for that health state often from a representative sample of the general population. It is commonly used to derive Quality Adjusted Life Year calculations (QALY) in economic evaluations. However, values for health states have been found to differ between countries. The objective of this study was to develop a set of values for the EQ-5D health states for use in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Values for 48 different EQ-5D health states were elicited using the Time Trade Off (TTO) via a web survey in English. A random effect model was fitted to the data to estimate values for all 243 health states of the EQ-5D. Various model specifications were explored. Comparisons with EQ-5D values from the UK and US were made. Sensitivity analysis explored different transformations of values worse than dead, and exclusion criteria of subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final model was estimated from the values of 1145 subjects with socio-demographics broadly representative of Canadian general population with the exception of Quebec. This yielded a good fit with observed TTO values, with an overall R2 of 0.403 and a mean absolute error of 0.044.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A preference-weight algorithm for Canadian studies that include the EQ-5D is developed. The primary limitations regarded the representativeness of the final sample, given the language used (English only), the method of recruitment, and the difficulty in the task. Insights into potential issues for conducting valuation studies in countries as large and diverse as Canada are gained.
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. nick.bansback@ubc.ca
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansback
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brazier
authors.forename: Aslam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D011792:Quebec; D055815:Young Adult