title: Adsorption and breakdown of penicillin antibiotic in the presence of titanium oxide nanoparticles in water.
abstract: The fate and transport of antibiotics in natural water systems is controlled in part by interactions with nanometer (10(-9)m) metal oxide particles. Experiments were performed by mixing solutions of ampicillin (AMP), a common, penicillin-class human and veterinary antibiotic, with 25 nm-TiO(2) (anatase) nanoparticles at different pH conditions. Both sorption and degradation of AMP were observed in the AMP-nanoparticle solutions. For AMP concentrations from ~3 μM to 2.9 mM the overall AMP removal from solution can be described by linear isotherms with removal coefficients (K(r)) of 3028 (±267)L kg(-1) at pH 2, 11,533 (±823)L kg(-1) at pH 4, 12,712 (±672)L kg(-1) at pH 6, and 1941 (±342)L kg(-1) at pH 8. Mass spectral analysis of AMP solutions after removal of the solid nanoparticles yielded ions that indicate the presence of peniclloic acid, penilloic acid and related de-ammoniated by-products as possible compounds resulting from the degradation of AMP at the TiO(2) surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological & Environmental Sciences, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA. peterson@hope.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Petrasky
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: Rachel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: Amanda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Schuiling
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; C009495:titanium dioxide; D000667:Ampicillin; D014025:Titanium