title: 1,3,4-oxadiazole: a privileged structure in antiviral agents.
abstract: 1,3,4-oxadiazole, a privileged structure, endows its derivatives with broad and potent biological functions, especially in antiviral activities, including anti-HIV, anti-HCV, anti-HBV, anti-HSV activities, etc. Molecular modeling and pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the introduction of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring to the inhibitors can change their polarity, flexibility as well as metabolic stability, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold can also act as acceptors of hydrogen bonds formation, which make it possible to be used as a isosteric substituent for amide or ester groups. This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring and mainly the discovery, biological activities investigations and structural modifications of several distinct classes of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as potent antiviral agents. In addition, the binding models of some representative 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were also discussed, which provide rational explanation for their interesting antiviral activities, and also pave the way for further optimization of 1,3,4- oxadiazole based antiviral agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060327:Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques / Q000379:methods; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010069:Oxadiazoles