title: Molecular analysis of a sunflower gene encoding an homologous of the B subunit of a CAAT binding factor.
abstract: A genomic DNA fragment containing the complete LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE (HaL1L) gene was retrieved by chromosome walking. Its sequence was confirmed and elongated by screening a sunflower genomic DNA BAC Library. HaL1L, whose cDNA had already been sequenced and characterized, encodes a NF-YB subunit of a CCAAT box-binding factor (NF-Y) involved in the early stages of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in the Helianthus genus. In the HaL1L 5'-flanking region, elements specific to a putative TATA-box promoter and two "CG isles" were identified. An investigation of the methylation status of these CG rich DNA regions showed that differentially methylated cytosines were recognizable in the DNA of embryos on the fifth day after pollination in comparison to leaf DNA suggesting that during plant development epigenetic regulation of HaL1L transcription was achieved by methylating cytosine residues. We also searched the HaL1L nucleotide sequence for cis-regulatory elements able to interact with other transcription factors (TFs) involved in the HaL1L regulation. Of the elements identified, one of the most intriguing is WUSATA, the target sequence for the WUSCHEL (WUS) TF, which may be part of a complex regulation network controlling embryo development. In this article, we show that the WUSATA target site, located in the intron of HaL1L, is able to bind the TF WUS. Interestingly, we found auxin and abscisic acid responsive motifs in the HaL1L promoter region suggesting that this gene may additionally by under hormonal control. Finally, the presence of a cytoplasmic polyadenylation signal downstream to the coding region indicates that this gene may also be controlled at the translation level by a temporarily making the pre-synthesized HaL1L mRNA unavailable for protein synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy. m.salvini@sns.it
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvini
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fambrini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pistelli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pucciariello
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pugliesi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006368:Helianthus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits