title: Bioactive benzoxazinoids in rye bread are absorbed and metabolized in pigs.
abstract: Recently, bioactive benzoxazinoids were discovered in cereal grains and bakery products. In this study, we studied the uptake, distribution, and metabolism of these secondary metabolites using a pig model. Twelve benzoxazinoid compounds and their 4 transformation products were quantified in the pigs' diets and biofluids using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA-glc) was the most dominant benzoxazinoid (232 nmol/g DM) seconded by the double-hexose derivative of DIBOA (provisionally characterized here as DIBOA-glc-hex) in the rye-based diet. DIBOA-glc (derived from the diet and intestinal deglycosylation of DIBOA-glc-hex) was apparently reduced to 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA-glc), the most dominant benzoxazinoid in the blood (829 nmol/L). The benzoxazinoid compounds were excreted in the urine, with HBOA-glc (18 μmol/L) as a major metabolite. In this study, we determined for the first time the bioavailability of dietary benzoxazinoids that have high digestibility, distribution, and metabolism in mammals. These findings could be a milestone for the exploitation of healthful and pharmacological properties of benzoxazinoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
authors.forename: Khem B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: Bente B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: Helle N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lærke
authors.forename: Inge S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Fomsgaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012434:Secale / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048588:Benzoxazines; D010936:Plant Extracts