title: Evaluation of recipes for home-prepared diets for dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate recipes of diets recommended for animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), compare nutritional profiles for those recipes to requirements for adult dogs and cats, and assess their appropriateness for the management of CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recipes of 67 home-prepared diets promoted for use in dogs (n = 39 recipes) and cats (28) with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recipes were analyzed with computer software to determine calories, macronutrient calorie distribution, and micronutrient concentrations and were assessed for appropriateness for the management of CKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assumptions were required for the analysis of every recipe, and no recipe met all National Research Council nutrient recommended allowances (RA) for adult animals. Compared with RAs, concentrations of crude protein or at least 1 amino acid were low in 30 of 39 (76.9%) canine recipes and 12 of 28 (42.9%) feline recipes. Choline was most commonly below the RA in both canine (37/39 [94.9%]) and feline (23/28 [82.1%]) recipes; selenium (34/39 [87.2%] canine and 9/28 [32.1 %] feline recipes), zinc (24/39 [61.5%] canine and 19/28 [67.9%] feline recipes), and calcium (22/39 [56.4%] canine and 7/28 [25.0%] feline recipes) concentrations were also frequently below recommendations. The median phosphorus concentration in canine and feline recipes was 0.58 and 0.69 g/1,000 kcal, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many problems with nutritional adequacy were detected, and use of the recipes could result in highly variable and often inappropriate diets. Many recipes would not meet nutritional and clinical needs of individual patients and should be used cautiously for long-term feeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jabones@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: Cailin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fascetti
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy*; D002415:Cats; D055927:Cookbooks as Topic / Q000592:standards; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D009753:Nutritive Value