title: Parent-adolescent conflict interactions and adolescent alcohol use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One important factor in adolescents' development of problem alcohol use is their family environment. Yet, the mechanisms that relate parenting to youth alcohol use are not well characterized. This study employed a naturalistic laboratory-based approach to observe parenting behaviors (support, structure, criticism) and adolescents' physiological and emotional responses to parent-adolescent interactions to examine associations with adolescent alcohol use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty eight 10-16year olds and their parents completed a 10minute Parent Adolescent Interaction Task (PAIT) in which they discussed a mutually highly-rated conflict topic. Parental support, structure, and criticism were coded from the interaction. Adolescents' heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), reported emotions, and salivary cortisol were assessed before, during, and after the interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that lower parental structure and support were associated with youth's greater diastolic BP and anger arousal in response to the PAIT. Furthermore, higher HR, systolic BP, and cortisol responses to the interaction were associated with youth's alcohol use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that heightened emotional and physiological responses to parent-adolescent conflict interactions in youth may be one pathway by which parenting is associated with adolescent alcohol use and risk for abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 2 Church St. South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. tara.chaplin@yale.edu
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chaplin
authors.forename: Rajita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hommer
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Crowley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone