title: Functional aspects of membrane association of reggie/flotillin proteins.
abstract: Flotillin-2 and flotillin-1, also called reggie-1 and reggie-2, are ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved proteins. Originally, they were described as neuronal regeneration proteins, but they appear to function in a wide variety of cellular processes, such as membrane receptor signaling, endocytosis, phagocytosis and cell adhesion. The molecular details of the function of flotillins in these processes have only been partially clarified. Flotillins are associated with cholesterol and sphingolipid enriched membrane microdomains known as rafts, and some findings even suggest that they define their own kind of a microdomain. The mechanism of the membrane association of flotillins appears to rely mainly on acylation (myristoylation and/or palmitoylation), localizing flotillins onto the cytosolic side of the membranes, whereas no transmembrane domains are present. In addition, flotillins show a strong tendency to form homo- and hetero-oligomers with each other. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on the function of flotillins and discuss the mechanisms that might regulate their function, such as membrane association, oligomerization and phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banning
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomasovic
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C106354:flotillins