title: The combined effects of reverberation and noise on speech intelligibility by cochlear implant listeners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to assess the individual effect of reverberation and noise, as well as their combined effect, on speech intelligibility by cochlear implant (CI) users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sentence stimuli corrupted by reverberation, noise, and reverberation + noise are presented to 11 CI listeners for word identification. They are tested in two reverberation conditions (T60 = 0.6 s, 0.8 s), two noise conditions (SNR = 5 dB, 10 dB), and four reverberation + noise conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven CI users participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that reverberation degrades speech intelligibility to a greater extent than additive noise (speech-shaped noise), at least for the SNR levels tested. The combined effects were greater than those introduced by either reverberation or noise alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of reverberation on speech intelligibility by CI users was found to be larger than that by noise. The results from the present study highlight the importance of testing CI users in reverberant conditions, since testing in noise-alone conditions might underestimate the difficulties they experience in their daily lives where reverberation and noise often coexist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas TX75083 -0688, USA.
authors.forename: Oldooz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hazrati
authors.forename: Philipos C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Loizou
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000368:Aged; D001302:Audiometry, Speech; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration