title: Online video in clinical skills education of oral medication administration for undergraduate student nurses: a mixed methods, prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improvements in the safety of the prescribing, dispensing and administration of medicines are identified as a priority across international healthcare systems. It is therefore essential that higher education institutions play their part in helping to meet this patient safety objective. New developments in clinical skills education which are aligned to emerging educational theory are available, but evaluations and supportive evidence are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of an online best practice exemplar as an adjunct to the clinical skills teaching of oral medication administration to undergraduate student nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed-methods prospective cohort design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two intakes of undergraduate nursing students (n=168, n=154) undertaking a first year clinical skills based module at a British university.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Control group received standard teaching using lectures and skills classes facilitated by experienced clinical skills lecturers. The Intervention group received the standard teaching and unlimited access to an online video clip of medication administration. Performance and satisfaction were measured using module assessment results and a satisfaction questionnaire. Qualitative data were gathered using focus groups (n=16, n=20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Intervention group was significantly (p=0.021) more likely to pass the assessment and rate their satisfaction with the teaching significantly higher (p<0.05) on more than half of the items from the Student Satisfaction Survey. Two Categories were identified from focus group data; Classroom Learning and Transfer to Practice. Classroom Learning included four themes of Peers, Self, Teaching and Time and when Classroom Learning was positive, the Transfer to Practice of the clinical skill was enhanced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An online video of a best practice exemplar as an adjunct to taught clinical skills sessions improves student assessment results and satisfaction ratings. The video was also reported to positively influence all themes identified in Classroom Learning and was perceived to promote the Transfer to Practice of teaching input.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, United Kingdom. a.holland@napier.ac.uk
authors.forename: Agi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCrossan
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Penny
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000451:nursing*; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014743:Videotape Recording; D055815:Young Adult