title: The isolation and characterisation of the wheat molecular ZIPper I homologue, TaZYP1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous tripartite structure used to hold homologous chromosomes together during the early stages of meiosis. The yeast ZIP1 and its homologues in other species have previously been characterised as the transverse filament protein of the synaptonemal complex. Proper installation of ZYP1 along chromosomes has been shown to be dependent on the axial element-associated protein, ASY1 in Arabidopsis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report the isolation of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) ZYP1 (TaZYP1) and its expression profile (during and post-meiosis) in wild-type, the ph1b deletion mutant as well as in Taasy1 RNAi knock-down mutants. TaZYP1 has a putative DNA-binding S/TPXX motif in its C-terminal region and we provide evidence that TaZYP1 interacts non-preferentially with both single- and double-stranded DNA in vitro. 3-dimensional dual immunofluorescence localisation assays conducted with an antibody raised against TaZYP1 show that TaZYP1 interacts with chromatin during meiosis but does not co-localise to regions of chromatin where TaASY1 is present. The TaZYP1 signal lengthens into regions of chromatin where TaASY1 has been removed in wild-type but this appears delayed in the ph1b mutant. The localisation profile of TaZYP1 in four Taasy1 knock-down mutants is similar to wild-type but TaZYP1 signal intensity appears weaker and more diffused.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to previous studies performed on plant species where ZYP1 signal is sandwiched by ASY1 signal located on both axial elements of the SC, data from the 3-dimensional dual immunofluorescence localisation assays conducted in this study show that TaZYP1 signal only lengthens into regions of chromatin after TaASY1 signal is being unloaded. However, the observation that TaZYP1 loading appears delayed in both the ph1b and Taasy1 mutants suggests that TaASY1 may still be essential for TaZYP1 to play a role in SC formation during meiosis. These data further suggest that the temporal installation of ZYP1 onto pairing homologous chromosomes in wheat is different to that of other plant species and highlights the need to study this synaptonemal complex protein on a species to species basis.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064.
authors.forename: Kelvin H P
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Able
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Able
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin; D023902:Chromosome Pairing; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D008540:Meiosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D013573:Synaptonemal Complex / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C411742:ASY1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D018744:DNA, Plant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C505574:ZYP1a protein, Arabidopsis