title: Anti-Candida activity and brine shrimp toxicity assay of Ganoderma boninense.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ganoderma (G.) boninense is a white rot fungus, which can be found in the palm oil tree. Several studies have shown that G. boninense has antimicrobial and antagonistic properties. However, there is limited information reported on antifungal properties especially on Candida (C) albicans. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the anti-Candida activity of G. boninense against C albicans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude methanolic extracts of G. boninense was obtained by maceration method with 70% methanol. Anti-Candida test was carried out using disc diffusion assay, broth dilution method, time killing profile and brine shrimp toxicity assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-Candida activity indicated that the mean zone of inhibition was 12.5 +/- 0.6 mm. The MIC value for C. albicans found to be 3.125 mg/ml. The result from time-killing profile showed that the growth of C albicans was inhibited hence decreases its exponential phase. For brine shrimp toxicity assay, the LC50 value was 3.59 mg/ml which proved that the extract of G. boninense is not toxic.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K M A
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Daruliza
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jegathambigai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasidharan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001156:Artemia; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000633:toxicity; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012997:Solvents; D011192:Potassium Dichromate; D000432:Methanol