title: Baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to DDT and pyrethroids in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phelebotumus papatsi is considered to be the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis as well as sand fly fever in Iran. There are several measures for vector control, with emphasis on insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine the baseline susceptibility of this vector to the commonly used insecticides in an endemic focus of the disease in central Iran. P. papatasi collected from the field were used for susceptibility status. Its baseline susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids was assessed on about 6866 specimens collected from Badrood rural district, Esfahan Province, Iran, during the summer of 2010. The LT(50) and LT(90) values were measured according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) test using probit analysis and regression lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of tests against female P. papatasi revealed LT(50) values to DDT 4%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.1%, cyfluthrin 0.15% and lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% of 1104.97, 182.35, 26.79, 15.42 and 1.48 s respectively. The figures for male P. papatasi were 973.51, 59.5, 4.4, 2.65 and 1.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study provide a guideline for implementation of different vector control measures. Furthermore, guidelines are needed for monitoring and evaluation of insecticide susceptibility tests against sand flies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vetcor Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saeidi
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vatandoost
authors.forename: Amir Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Akhavan
authors.forename: Mohamad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yaghoobi-Ershadi
authors.forename: Yavar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rassi
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Mohamad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Arandian
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sanei Dehkordi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003634:DDT