title: Female reproductive factors, gene polymorphisms in the estrogen metabolism pathway, and risk of lung cancer in Chinese women.
abstract: The authors examined relations between reproductive factors and 5 estrogen pathway gene polymorphisms (CYP17 rs743572, CYP19A1 rs10046, ERβ rs1256049, ERβ rs4986938, and COMT rs4680) among 702 Singapore Chinese female lung cancer cases and 1,578 hospital controls, of whom 433 cases (61.7%) and 1,375 controls (87.1%) were never smokers. Parity (per child, odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 0.97) and menstrual cycle length (for ≥30 days vs. <30 days, OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.80) were inversely associated with lung cancer in never smokers, while age at first birth (for ages 21-25, 26-30, and ≥31 years vs. ≤20 years, ORs were 1.54, 2.17, and 1.30, respectively), age at menopause (for ages 49-51 and ≥52 years vs. ≤48 years, ORs were 1.37 and 1.59; P(trend) = 0.003), and reproductive period (for 31-33, 34-36, 37-39, and ≥40 years vs. ≤30 years, ORs were 1.06, 1.25, 1.45, and 1.47; P(trend) = 0.026) were positively associated. Among smokers, parity was inversely associated with lung cancer, but there was no association with other reproductive factors. The COMT rs4680 A allele was positively associated with lung cancer in never smokers (for G/A or A/A vs. G/G, OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.90) but not in ever smokers. No associations were seen with other polymorphisms. These results support a risk-enhancing role of estrogens in lung carcinogenesis among never smokers.
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. wei-yen_lim@nuhs.edu.sg
authors.forename: Wei-Yen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Khoon Leong
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chuah
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Swan Swan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Tow Keang
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Wee Teng
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Poh
authors.forename: Augustine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seow
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001141:Aromatase / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012846:Singapore; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005819:Genetic Markers; D001141:Aromatase; C561410:CYP19A1 protein, human; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase