title: Association between polymorphisms in the promoter regions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and risk of cancer metastasis: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variety of studies have evaluated the associations between polymorphisms in the promoter regions of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cancer metastasis. However, the results remain inconclusive. To better understand the roles of MMP polymorphisms in metastasis, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases were searched (from January 2000 to June 2011) for any MMP genetic association studies in metastasis. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the associations between MMP polymorphisms and metastasis. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.0 and STATA11.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three studies addressing five MMP polymorphisms were analyzed among 10,516 cancer cases (4,059 metastasis-positive cases and 6,457 metastasis-negative cases). For MMP1 (-1607)1G/2G, genotype 2G/2G increased the overall risk of metastasis under the recessive model (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.05-1.98). In subgroup analysis based on cancer type, associations were found in head/neck and breast cancer under the recessive model, and also in breast cancer under the dominant model. For MMP3 (-1171) 5A/6A, the polymorphism decreased the overall risk of metastasis under two genetic models (recessive: OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.64-0.99, dominant: OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.56-0.93). The polymorphisms of MMP7 (-181) A/G and MMP9 (-1562) C/T increased metastatic risk. However, no association was observed between MMP2 (-1306) C/T and metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our investigations demonstrate that polymorphisms in the promoter regions of MMP1, 3, 7 and 9 might be associated with metastasis in some cancers. Further studies with large sample size for MMP2 should be conducted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xueqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1