title: Two-dimensional speckle tracking for quantification of left ventricular circumferential and radial wall motion in horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of two-dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) for quantification of left ventricular (LV) function has recently been described in horses using long-axis images and short-axis images at chordal but not at papillary muscle level.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the feasibility and reliability of 2DST for quantification of circumferential and radial LV function in short-axis images at papillary muscle and chordal level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed on 10 healthy trotter horses by 2 observers from a right parasternal short-axis view at papillary muscle and chordal level. Segmental and averaged peak values and timing of circumferential and radial strain and strain rate, radial displacement and rotation were measured in 6 LV wall segments in each imaging plane. Global peak values were calculated for circumferential strain and strain rate. The inter- and intraobserver within- and between-day variability was assessed by calculating coefficients of variation for repeated measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2DST analysis was feasible in each cardiac cycle, although tracking was often inadequate during early diastole. Measurements of averaged systolic circumferential and radial strain and strain rate and radial displacement as well as global circumferential strain and strain rate could be determined with low variability. Early and late diastolic strain rate and systolic rotation showed a moderate variability. Radial segmental measurements were more reliable than circumferential measurements. The interventricular septum showed a higher circumferential and lower radial strain compared with the LV free wall. Peak timing was earlier at papillary muscle compared with chordal level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2DST measurements of global and regional circumferential and radial LV wall motion are feasible both at papillary muscle and chordal level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several measurements had good reliability and should be used for evaluation of the technique in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. annelies.decloedt@ugent.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Decloedt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verheyen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sys
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Loon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*