title: Long-term consequences of feed restriction during late pregnancy in goats on feeding behavior and emotional reactivity of female offspring.
abstract: Feed restriction during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on offspring development both during the juvenile period and during adult life. Long-term effects of maternal feed restriction during the last third of pregnancy on growth, metabolism and behavior of female kids, with a focus on feeding behavior and emotional reactivity, were studied in goats. Female kids born to control (CONT, n=17) or born to feed restricted goats (REST, n=15) were artificially reared and monitored from birth to 24 months of age. Maternal feeding restriction globally reduced live weight (P<0.001) and body condition score (P=0.02) of REST compared to CONT offspring. Females from the REST group had a higher daily feed intake (P=0.05) and tended to eat more rapidly (P=0.09) than females from the CONT group at 12 months of age. One year later, REST goats still ate more than CONT goats (P=0.05). Glucose metabolism did not appear to be modified as no differences were observed in glucose or insulin responses to an intravenous glucose tolerance test. No differences in time budget were found at 12 months of age. However, the HPA axis response to an ACTH injection was greater in REST than in CONT goats: higher peak cortisol concentration (P=0.02) and a greater area under the curve were found (P=0.01) at 14 months of age. In conclusion, maternal feed restriction during late pregnancy modified both feeding behavior and the stress physiology of female offspring for up to 2 years of age. However, the changes observed were small.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75231 Paris, France. berengerelaporte@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Bérengère
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laporte-Broux
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ponter
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giger-Reverdin
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Camous
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chavatte-Palmer
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duvaux-Ponter
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000523:psychology; D006041:Goats; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone