title: Paradoxical sleep deprivation induces muscle atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) induces a catabolic hormone profile, we sought to evaluate the morphology of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle and testosterone and corticosterone levels of paradoxical sleep-deprived rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three study groups of rats were established: the first group was sleep deprived for 96 h; the second group was also sleep deprived for 96 h, but then returned to their home-cage and allowed to sleep for the next 96 h; and the third group was the control group, with a normal sleep cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSD reduced the weight and fiber cross-sectional area of the TA muscle. Moreover, PSD enhanced plasma corticosterone and reduced serum testosterone levels. The 96 h of sleep after PSD was sufficient to restore partially the morphology of TA, while hormones returned to basal levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSD induces hormonal alterations that may mediate muscle atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Francisco de Castro, 93 Vila Clementino, CEP 04020-050, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dattilo
authors.forename: Hanna Karen Moreira
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mônico-Neto
authors.forename: Helton de Sá
authors.initials: Hde S
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Kil Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Marco Túlio
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Mello
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*