title: White matter integrity related to functional working memory networks in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explores the functional and structural patterns of connectivity underlying working memory impairment after severe traumatic axonal injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an fMRI n-back task and acquired diffusion tensor images (DTI) in a group of 19 chronic-stage patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evidence of traumatic axonal injury and 19 matched healthy controls. We performed image analyses with FSL software and fMRI data were analyzed using probabilistic independent component analysis. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps from DTI images were analyzed with FMRIB's Diffusion Toolbox.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified working memory and default mode networks. Global FA values correlated with both networks and FA whole-brain analysis revealed correlations in several tracts associated with the functional activation. Furthermore, working memory performance in the patient group correlated with the functional activation patterns and with the FA values of the associative fasciculi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining structural and functional neuroimaging data, we were able to describe structural white matter changes related to functional network alterations and to lower performance in working memory in chronic TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sala-Llonch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Junque
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roig
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tormos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bargallo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vendrell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003710:Demography; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology