title: Microencapsulated drug delivery: a new approach to pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article reviews the use of albumin microcapsules 3-4 µm in size containing cytokine inhibiting drugs which include neutralizing antibodies to TNF and IL1, CNI-1493, antisense oligonucleotides to TNF and NF-kappaB, and the antioxidant catalase.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Describe the effects, cellular uptake and distribution of microencapsulated drugs and the effect in both a peritonitis model of infection and a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The studies performed by our group are reviewed, the only such studies available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microencapsulation of these compounds produced high intracellular drug concentrations due to rapid uptake by phagocytic cells, including endothelial cells, without toxicity. All compounds produced excellent inhibition of TNF and IL1 resulting in improved animal survival in a peritonitis model of septic shock and inflammation in an arthritis model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albumin microencapsulated pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibiting compounds are superior to equivalent concentration of these compounds administered in solution form.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. coettinger@aol.com
authors.forename: Carl W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Oettinger
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002214:Capsules / Q000032:analysis*; D002374:Catalase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D000813:Anilides; D006146:Guanidines
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000975:Antioxidants; D002214:Capsules; D002374:Catalase; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006835:Hydrazones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; C097256:semapimod; D000813:Anilides; D006146:Guanidines