title: [Sarcoidosis with upper airway involvement as the presenting symptoms: case report and literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical characteristics of sarcoidosis with upper airway (including nose/paranasal sinus, pharynx, larynx and middle ear) involvement as the presenting symptoms, and therefore to minimize the misdiagnosis of sarcoidosis with special manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cases of sarcoidosis with upper airway involvement as the presenting symptoms diagnosed at our hospital were described. The clinical data were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three female patients aged 52, 53, 34 years and one 15-year-old male patient, with the main complaints as "mycteric mass", "chronic otitis media", "hoarseness" and "chronic tonsillitis" respectively, were referred to our hospital for further evaluation. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was finally confirmed by biopsy of bronchial mucous membrane, enlarged peripheral lymph nodes, and otorhinolaryngological lesions. Physical examination and imaging findings showed involvements of the lungs and/or the lymph nodes in 3 patients. Seven Chinese articles about upper airway sarcoidosis (all involving the nose) were found after literature search with "sarcoidosis" as the key word at the CNKI database (1915 - 2011). English literature search with the same key word at "Pubmed" showed that the rate of upper airway involvement in sarcoidosis varied from 2.3% - 6.0%, mostly concurrent with thoracic and lymph node diseases, whereas cases of sarcoidosis presenting with otorhinolaryngological symptoms were occasionally reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although upper airway sarcoidosis was rare, it may be the cause of chronic otorhinolaryngological disease which responded poorly to routine treatments. Careful collection of medical history, physical examination and necessary accessory examinations, especially better understanding of the exceptional manifestations of sarcoidosis, can help to minimize misdiagnosis and therefore to improve the prognosis of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jian-min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yong-chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology*; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*