title: Cellular functions of the DUBs.
abstract: Ubiquitylation is a reversible post-translational modification that has emerged as a key regulator of most complex cellular processes. It may rival phosphorylation in scope and exceed it in complexity. The dynamic nature of ubiquitylation events is important for governing protein stability, maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis and controlling ubiquitin-dependent signalling pathways. The human genome encodes ~80 active deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs, also referred to as deubiquitinases), which exhibit distinct specificity profiles towards the various ubiquitin chain topologies. As a result of their ability to reverse ubiquitylation, these enzymes control a broad range of key cellular processes. In this Commentary we discuss the cellular functions of DUBs, such as their role in governing membrane traffic and protein quality control. We highlight two key signalling pathways--the Wnt and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathways, for which dynamic ubiquitylation has emerged as a key regulator. We also discuss the roles of DUBs in the nucleus, where they govern transcriptional activity and DNA repair pathways.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK. clague@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clague
authors.forename: Judy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Coulson
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urbé
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D057056:Cysteine Proteases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D055571:Secretory Pathway; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D025801:Ubiquitin; D057056:Cysteine Proteases