title: Decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cell levels and function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with advanced atherosclerosis and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence suggests that injured endothelial monolayer is regenerated by circulating bone marrow derived-endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and levels of circulating EPCs reflect vascular repair capacity. However, the relation between NAFLD and EPC remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) might have decreased endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels and attenuated EPC function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 312 consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary angiography because of suspected coronary artery disease were screened and received examinations of abdominal ultrasonography between July 2009 and November 2010. Finally, 34 patients with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of NAFLD, and 68 age- and sex-matched controls without NAFLD were enrolled. Flow cytometry with quantification of EPC markers (defined as CD34(+), CD34(+)KDR(+), and CD34(+)KDR(+)CD133(+)) in peripheral blood samples was used to assess circulating EPC numbers. The adhesive function, and migration, and tube formation capacities of EPCs were also determined in NAFLD patients and controls. Patients with NAFLD had a significantly higher incidence of metabolic syndrome, previous myocardial infarction, hyperuricemia, and higher waist circumference, body mass index, fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. In addition, patients with NAFLD had significantly decreased circulating EPC levels (all P<0.05), attenuated EPC functions, and enhanced systemic inflammation compared to controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that circulating EPC level (CD34(+)KDR(+) [cells/10(5) events]) was an independent reverse predictor of NAFLD (Odds ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.89, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAFLD patients have decreased circulating EPC numbers and functions than those without NAFLD, which may be one of the mechanisms to explain atherosclerotic disease progression and enhanced cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Po-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fa-Po
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Zu-Yin
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsin-Bang
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.forename: Chin-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tao-Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jaw-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shing-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis; D001773:Blood Cells; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002452:Cell Count; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*