title: Superior rectus transposition and medial rectus recession for Duane syndrome and sixth nerve palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe our results using augmented temporal superior rectus transposition (SRT) with adjustable medial rectus muscle recession (MRc) for treatment of Duane syndrome and sixth nerve palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective surgical case review of patients undergoing SRT. Preoperative and postoperative orthoptic measurements were recorded. Minimum follow-up was 6 weeks. Main outcome measures included the angle of esotropia in the primary position and the angle of head turn. Secondary outcomes included duction limitation, stereopsis, and new vertical deviations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review identified 17 patients: 10 with Duane syndrome and 7 with sixth nerve palsy. Combining SRT with MRc improved esotropia from 44 to 10 prism diopters (P < .001), reduced abduction limitation from -4.3 to -2.7 (P < .001), and improved compensatory head posture from 28° to 4° (P < .001). Stereopsis was recovered in 8 patients (P = .03). Three patients required a reoperation: 1 for overcorrection and 2 for undercorrection. A new primary position vertical deviation was observed in 2 patients with complex sixth nerve palsy and none with Duane syndrome. No patient described torsional diplopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superior rectus transposition allows for the option of simultaneous MRc in patients with severe abduction imitation who require transposition surgery. Combining SRT and MRc improved esotropia, head position, abduction limitation, and stereopsis without inducing torsional diplopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Reshma A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mehendale
authors.forename: Linda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Dagi
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ledoux
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D020434:Abducens Nerve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009988:Orthoptics; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques