title: Intensified photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with fractional CO2 laser: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) is effective for thin actinic keratoses (AKs) in field-cancerized skin. Ablative fractional laser resurfacing (AFXL) creates vertical channels that facilitate MAL uptake and may improve PDT efficacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate efficacy and safety of AFXL-assisted PDT (AFXL-PDT) compared with conventional PDT in field-directed treatment of AK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with a total of 212 AKs (severity grade I-III) in field-cancerized skin of the face and scalp were randomized to one treatment with PDT and one treatment with AFXL-PDT in two symmetrical areas. Following curettage of both treatment areas, AFXL was applied to one area using 10 mJ per pulse, 0·12 mm spot, 5% density, single pulse (UltraPulse(®), DeepFx handpiece; Lumenis Inc., Santa Clara, CA, U.S.A.). MAL cream was then applied under occlusion for 3 h and illuminated with red light-emitting diode light at 37 J cm(-2). Fluorescence photography quantified protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) before and after illumination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3-month follow-up, AFXL-PDT was significantly more effective than PDT for all AK grades. Complete lesion response of grade II-III AK was 88% after AFXL-PDT compared with 59% after PDT (P = 0·02). In grade I AK, 100% of lesions cleared after AFXL-PDT compared with 80% after PDT (P = 0·04). AFXL-PDT-treated skin responded with significantly fewer new AK lesions (AFXL-PDT n = 3, PDT n = 11; P = 0·04) and more improved photoageing (moderate vs. minor improvement, P = 0·007) than PDT-treated skin. Pain scores during illumination (6·5 vs. 5·4; P = 0·02), erythema and crusting were more intense, and long-term pigmentary changes more frequent from AFXL-PDT than PDT (P = not significant). PpIX fluorescence was higher in AFXL-pretreated skin [7528 vs. 12,816 arbitrary units (AU); P = 0·003] and photobleached to equal intensities after illumination (AFXL-PDT 595 AU, PDT 454 AU; P = 0·59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AFXL-PDT is more effective than conventional PDT for treatment of AK in field-cancerized skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark. ktogsverdbo@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Togsverd-Bo
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Haak
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thaysen-Petersen
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hædersdal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hædesdal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000628:therapy*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C475457:methyl 5-aminolevulinate; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid