title: Energy expenditure and dietary intake during high-volume and low-volume training periods among male endurance athletes.
abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to examine dietary intake in endurance-trained athletes during a week of high-volume and a week of low-volume training while measuring exercise energy expenditure (EEE), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). In addition, compliance with current American College of Sports Medicine/American Dietetic Association nutrition and performance recommendations for macronutrients was evaluated. Energy expenditure and dietary intake were measured in 15 male endurance athletes during 2 nonconsecutive weeks resembling a high-volume and a low-volume training period. Anthropometric measurements were taken and percentage body fat was determined at the beginning and end of each week of training. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was calculated by summing RMR, NEAT, and EEE. Dietary intake was assessed with an online food-frequency questionnaire completed at the end of each week of data collection. Despite significant differences between TDEE and energy intake, no difference in body composition between the beginning and end of either week of training was observed, suggesting underreporting of caloric intake. Further, no changes in total caloric intake or macronutrient intake occurred even though TDEE increased significantly during the high-volume training. Reported carbohydrate intake (4.5 g·kg(-1)) and fiber intake (25 g·day(-1)) were below recommendations, whereas fat intake (1.3 g·kg(-1)) was slightly above recommendations. In summary, no short-term dietary adjustments occurred in response to differences in training regimen. Because these athletes were generally consuming a Western diet, they may have required some support to achieve desirable intakes for health and performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. clemens.drenowatz@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drenowatz
authors.forename: Joey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eisenmann
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Karin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pivarnik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins