title: Biomolecular predictors of urothelial cancer behavior and treatment outcomes.
abstract: Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in surgical and medical treatment, there has been no change in mortality in UCB over the past decades. Standard pathological features (stage, grade, nodal status) provide only limited information regarding biological potential and clinical behavior. Molecular biomarkers may shed light on important mechanisms of pathogenesis, provide useful additional prognostic information, and serve as targets for therapy. This review summarizes recent advances and the most promising UCB tissue and blood biomarkers of the past few years. We discuss the predictive and prognostic value of biomarkers at different stages of UCB. There is no doubt that a panel of biomarkers will eventually improve our clinical decision-making with regard to treatment and follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Eugene K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: Arthur I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Sagalowsky
authors.forename: Felix K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor