title: Theories and control models and motor learning: clinical applications in neuro-rehabilitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent decades there has been a special interest in theories that could explain the regulation of motor control, and their applications. These theories are often based on models of brain function, philosophically reflecting different criteria on how movement is controlled by the brain, each being emphasised in different neural components of the movement. The concept of motor learning, regarded as the set of internal processes associated with practice and experience that produce relatively permanent changes in the ability to produce motor activities through a specific skill, is also relevant in the context of neuroscience. Thus, both motor control and learning are seen as key fields of study for health professionals in the field of neuro-rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The major theories of motor control are described, which include, motor programming theory, systems theory, the theory of dynamic action, and the theory of parallel distributed processing, as well as the factors that influence motor learning and its applications in neuro-rehabilitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At present there is no consensus on which theory or model defines the regulations to explain motor control. Theories of motor learning should be the basis for motor rehabilitation. The new research should apply the knowledge generated in the fields of control and motor learning in neuro-rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España. Electronic address: roberto.cano@urjc.es.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cano-de-la-Cuerda
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molero-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carratalá-Tejada
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Alguacil-Diego
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molina-Rueda
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Miangolarra-Page
authors.affiliation: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Automática y Robótica, Grupo Bioingeniería, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torricelli
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D000066530:Neurological Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*