title: Black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) antivenom in clinical practice.
abstract: Black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) envenomation has been recognized since antiquity. The syndrome, latrodectism, is characterized by painful muscle rigidity and autonomic disturbances such as tachycardia, hypertension, and diaphoresis. Symptoms typically last for 1-3 days. Treatment has ranged from local folk remedies to administration of specific antivenom. Opioid analgesics combined with muscle relaxants, such as benzodiazepines, are only effective at symptomatic and temporary control. Antivenom is by far the most efficacious therapy available based on symptom resolution, need for subsequent therapy, and hospital admission rates. Fear of allergic type reactions from antivenom administration has limited its use in the United States. A new purified F(ab)2 fragment Latrodectus mactans antivenom, Analatro®, is currently undergoing clinical trials. The product is expected to have similar efficacy and be associated with fewer adverse reactions when compared to the currently available partially purified whole IgG Merck product. This shift in the risk-benefit analysis may ultimately lead to more antivenom administration in significantly envenomated patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, 990 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80204, USA. andrew.monte@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Monte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001740:Black Widow Spider; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001098:Spider Bites / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000506:poisoning*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D013111:Spider Venoms; C038599:black widow spider venom