title: Association of the receptor for advanced glycation end products gene polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and three polymorphisms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene, -429T/C, -374T/A and Gly82Ser.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted through PubMed and Web of Science (up to August 31, 2011). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using fixed-effects (FE) and random-effects (RE) models in co-dominant, recessive and dominant models. A sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding invalid studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six articles investigated the -429T/C polymorphism, 7 publications were associated with the -374T/A polymorphism and 5 studies were associated with Gly82Ser in DR. For the -429T/C variant, we found no significant difference between DR patients and those with diabetes without retinopathy. A significant association of allele A with DR was found in the recessive model for the -374T/A variant (RE OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.99, p = 0.05, p heterogeneity = 0.55). In the recessive and co-dominant models for the Gly82Ser polymorphism, the pooled ORs were positive in the fixed-effects model (FE OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.49-5.60, p = 0.002, p heterogeneity = 0.20; and FE OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.76-6.67, p = 0.0003, p heterogeneity = 0.07, respectively), but in the random-effects model the results were negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our research confirmed an association between the RAGE -374T/A polymorphism and retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes and the -374AA allele was found to be a protective factor for type 2 diabetes. Otherwise, the RAGE Gly82Ser polymorphism might be considered a significant risk for DR in Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Donglan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Qinghuai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic