title: Short term impact of guidelines on vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After medical center implementation of 2009 ASHP/IDSA guidelines, we evaluated the appropriateness of vancomycin dosing and TDM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our primary objectives were to assess short term effects on (1) appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing, (2) appropriateness of sampling of plasma levels, before and after implementation of guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in two phases, pre-guideline and post-guideline implementation. The interventions included (1) Nurses and phlebotomist education regarding the appropriate timing of vancomycin sampling, (2) A nomogram for appropriate initial dosing that was distributed to medical staff. Patient demographics, dosing and timing of sampling were collected in eligible patients and assessed for appropriateness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appropriateness of the prescribed dose increased from 51% (128/253) of patients during the pre period to 78% (155/200) (p < 0.0001) during the post period. Similarly, overall appropriateness of sampling of vancomycin troughs at steady state improved from 36% (63/173) pre to 55% (106/191) (p < 0.03) post. Specifically, the appropriate timing of troughs (within 30 min of the next dose) increased from 37% (64/173) during the pre period to 78% (149/191) during the post period (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Adoption of the guidelines with associated training resulted in significant short term improvement in vancomycin dosing and TDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. maria.swartling@farmbio.uu.se
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swartling
authors.forename: Reetu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dudas
authors.forename: B Joseph
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Guglielmo
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000592:standards; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D004513:Education, Pharmacy, Continuing; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D049451:Nomograms; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin