title: Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses is an extremely rare and distinctive tumor with aggressive clinical behavior. We report on a patient who had a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus with invasion of the upper aspect of the right maxillary sinus and medial aspect of the right orbit. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy that were unsuccessful, he underwent radiotherapy with complete tumor remission. Local recurrence was not identified after 11 months of follow-up; however, distant metastasis developed 2 months after radiotherapy. The natural history, pathologic features, and choice of therapy for this rare neoplasm are discussed, along with a review of the published data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China. hg7913@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhaohua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Mingwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huijing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D004724:Endoscopy; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed