title: Effects of third generation mobile phone-emitted electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by a third generation (3G) mobile phone on the antioxidant and oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Group I (n = 9) received a standardized a daily dose of 3G mobile phone EMR for 20 days, and Group II served as the control group (n = 9), receiving no exposure to EMR. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in eye tissues; in addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced GSH levels were measured in blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between groups in GSH-Px (p = 0.99) and CAT (p = 0.18) activity in eye tissue. There was no significant difference between groups in MDA (p = 0.69) and GSH levels (p = 0.83) in blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that under a short period of exposure, 3G mobile phone radiation does not lead to harmful effects on eye tissue and blood in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University School of Medicine, Elazig Yolu 5. KM, Malatya, Turkey. sonerdem2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doganay
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Turkoz
authors.forename: Zümrüt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Penpe Gul Bozgul
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Firat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D040421:Cell Phone; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D005123:Eye / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione