title: Coverage and factors associated with tetanus toxoid vaccination among married women of reproductive age: a cross sectional study in Peshawar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pakistan has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, with widely prevalent maternal and neonatal tetanus. The purpose of this study was to estimate the coverage and determine the factors associated with tetanus toxoid vaccination status among females of reproductive age in Peshawar.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Cross-sectional study was conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan, from 9 June to 19 June 2010. A total of 304 females of reproductive age (17 45) years were selected from both urban and rural areas of Peshawar through random sampling. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to females. Questions about demographics, income, education of husband, occupation, accessibility to health centres and frequency of visits from health workers was inquired. Knowledge and views on immunization were also asked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 55.6% were vaccinated. Urban population was 54.3% while rural population was 45.7%. Reasons for not vaccinating were: No awareness (38.4%), being busy (18.1%), centre too far (18.1%), misconceptions (10.86%), and fear of reactions (4.3%). Most of the females thought immunization was effective (89.5%). Husband education, females' knowledge and views on immunization, income, distance, frequency of health visits were the main factors associated with immunization status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Majority of females are not vaccinated. Effective media campaigns on maternal tetanus vaccination should be carried. Lady health workers should be mobilised effectively to increase the vaccination coverage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan. eaglebook@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.forename: Muhammad Zia-ul-Islam
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Syed Hussain
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adil
authors.forename: Ayasha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Syeda Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.forename: Muhammad Usman
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013742:Tetanus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D013745:Tetanus Toxoid