title: Ardipusilloside inhibits survival, invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ardipusilloside I is a triterpene-saponin isolated from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Ardisia pusilla A. DC. Its effects and mechanism on invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells were treated with different doses of Ardipusilloside I. Cellular survival, in vitro migration and invasion were evaluated. In vivo metastatic abilities of the HCC cells were detected. We further investigated expression and phosphorylation of Mek, Erk and Akt by using Western blot. MMP2 and MMP9 activities were evaluated by gelatin zymography. E-cadherin expression, Rac1 and Cdc42 activities were examined by Western blot and pull-down assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ardipusilloside I inhibited invasion and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo by reducing the protein expressions of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP2 proteins. Ardipusilloside I activated Rac1 that enhanced E-cadherin activity and resulted in significantly less metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that Ardipusilloside I has the potential of inhibition of liver cancer survival, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China. minggao.zhao@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Lianqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Linzheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jinke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xingfei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Jinghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiangyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Anmei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Jinhe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031644:Ardisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D015820:Cadherins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012503:Saponins; C087799:ardipusilloside I; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017364:Collagenases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein