title: Optimization of Saanen sperm genes amplification: evaluation of standardized protocols in genetically uncharacterized rural goats reared under a subtropical environment.
abstract: The purpose of this research is to optimize quantitatively the amplification of specific sperm genes in reference genomically characterized Saanen goat and to evaluate the standardized protocols applicability on sperms of uncharacterized genome of rural goats reared under subtropical environment for inclusion in future selection programs. The optimization of the protocols in Saanen sperms included three production genes (growth hormone (GH) exons 2, 3, and 4, αS1-casein (CSN1S1), and α-lactalbumin) and two health genes (MHC class II DRB and prion (PrP)). The optimization was based on varying the primers concentrations and the inclusion of a PCR cosolvent (Triton X). The impact of the studied variables on statistically significant increase in the yield of amplicons was noticed in four out of five (80%) optimized protocols, namely in those related to GH, CSN1S1, α-lactalbumin, and PrP genes (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the yield of amplicons related to MHC class II DRB gene, regardless of the variables used (P > 0.05). The applicability of the optimized protocols of Saanen sperm genes on amplification of uncharacterized rural goat sperms revealed a 100% success in tested individuals for amplification of GH, CSN1S1, α-lactalbumin, and MHC class II DRB genes and a 75% success for the PrP gene. The significant success in applicability of the Saanen quantitatively optimized protocols to other uncharacterized genome of rural goats allows for their inclusion in future selection, targeting the sustainability of this farming system in a subtropical environment and the improvement of the farmers livelihood.
authors.affiliation: Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (FAFS), American University of Beirut (AUB), P.O.Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon. eb01@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: Elie K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Barbour
authors.forename: Maya F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.forename: Fawwak T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Sleiman
authors.forename: Shady K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hamadeh
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mouneimne
authors.forename: Zeina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kassaifi
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayali
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harakeh
authors.forename: Lina S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jaber
authors.forename: Houssam A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Shaib
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D006041:Goats / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D014329:Tropical Climate