title: Outcome of trimodality protocol for invasive bladder cancer patients at Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer managed by trimodality protocol with assessment of factors that may predict treatment response, risk of recurrences and survival of such patients in our population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, single arm study was conducted between July 2006 and December 2009 at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantion, Karachi. One hundred and sixteen patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer T2-T3N0M0 were treated with concurrent chemoradiation (total dose 6500 cGy) after maximal transurethral resection. Complete response was defined as no tumour seen on check cystoscopy and biopsy. The disease control and overall survival were determined by Kaplan and Meier method and statistical inferences with the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to find different prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the median follow up of 36 months (14-43), out of total 116, 62(51.6%) surviving patients the bladder was functioning well, while 18(15%) had local recurrence; in 9 patients superficial tumour recurred and required further transurethral resection and intravesical drug therapy and nine patients who had muscle invasive recurrence; underwent radical cystectomies. Concurrent chemoradiation was well tolerated. The overall survival at 3 years was 54%. Initial complete response, primary tumour stage and absence of hydronephrosis were the most important prognostic factors for survival (all p=<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trimodality treatment was found to be an effective therapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer and complete TURBT, tumour stage and no hydronephrosis at time of presentation were found important prognostic factors for treatment response, disease free and over all survival rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi.
authors.forename: Mutahir Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tunio
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qayyum
authors.forename: Najeeb
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naimatullah
authors.forename: Rehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohsin
authors.forename: Gohar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sultan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010154:Pakistan; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*