title: High serum S100A8/A9 levels and high cardiovascular complication rate in type 2 diabetics with ultrasonographic low carotid plaque density.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S100A8/A9 complex is an inflammation-associated biomarker, which binds toll-like receptor 4 and was associated with the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. S100A8 and S100A9 were accumulated in atherosclerotic lesions. High serum levels of S100A8/A9 are associated with acute coronary syndrome and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, association between serum S100A8/A9 levels and vulnerable plaque remains unclear. The present study investigated the relation between serum S100A8/A9 levels and relative plaque density (RPD) of the carotid artery determined by ultrasonography in T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were 72 consecutive T2DM outpatients (males/females=42/30), who underwent the carotid artery ultrasonography. RPD in the carotid artery was calculated by the formula; RPD=[density of the carotid plaque/density of vessel lumen]. Serum levels of adiponectin and S100A8/A9 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median RPD was 2.1. Patients with low RPD (≤2.1) were significantly more likely to have metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease, and higher levels of S100A8/A9, S100A8/A9-to-adiponectin ratio, and uric acid, compared to those with high RPD (>2.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2DM patients with low RPD had higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and higher serum S100A8/A9 levels, compared to those with high RPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiuge-Shimizu
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000097:blood*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000097:blood*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007564:Japan; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012907:Smoking; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B