title: A new class of organosuperbases, N-alkyl- and N-aryl-1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene amines: synthesis, structure, pK(BH+) measurements, and properties.
abstract: A series of stable organosuperbases, N-alkyl- and N-aryl-1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene amines, were efficiently synthesized from N,N'-dialkylthioureas and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and their basicities were measured in acetonitrile. The derivatives with tert-alkyl groups on the imino nitrogen were found to be more basic than the tBuP(1) (pyrr) phosphazene base in acetonitrile. The origin of the high basicity of these compounds is discussed. In acetonitrile and in the gas phase, the basicity of the alkylimino derivatives depends on the size of the substituent at the imino group, which influences the degree of aromatization of the imidazole ring, as measured by (13)C NMR chemical shifts or by the calculated ΔNICS(1) aromaticity parameters, as well as on solvation effects. If a wider range of imino-substituents, including electron-acceptor substituents, is treated in the analysis then the influence of aromatization is less predominant and the gas-phase basicity becomes more dependent on the field-inductive effect, polarizability, and resonance effects of the substituent.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. roman.kunetskiy@gmail.com
authors.forename: Roman A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kunetskiy
authors.forename: Svetlana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Polyakova
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vavřík
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Císařová
authors.forename: Jaan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saame
authors.forename: Eva Roos
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Nerut
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koppel
authors.forename: Ilmar A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Koppel
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kütt
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leito
authors.forename: Ilya M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lyapkalo