title: [Limited operations and Ilizarov technique for correction of congenital clubfoot in adolescents].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effectiveness of limited operations and Ilizarov techniques for correction of congenital clubfoot (CCF) in adolescents, and to explore the new methods and new ideas for functional reconstruction of CCF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2003 and July 2010, 25 adolescent patients (40 feet) with CCF were treated. Of the 25 patients, 14 were male (20 feet) and 11 were female (20 feet) with an age range from 12 to 25 years (mean, 15.7 years). The left feet were involved in 4 cases, the right feet in 6 cases, and both feet in 15 cases. According to Qin's clubfoot deformity scale, 9 feet were rated as degree I, 17 feet as degree II, and 14 feet as degree III. In these cases, 9 feet were accompanied by internal rotation deformities of crus and 1 case by subluxation of right hip joint. After soft tissue release and osteotomy, 9 feet (degree I) were fixed by composite external fixation instruments, 31 feet by Ilizarov external fixation instruments. The deformity was corrected from 5 to 7 days after operation with distraction of 0.5-1.0 mm/d, then distraction stopped when the ankle was corrected at a hyperextension of 5 to 100 and light valgus. The affected limb might undergo weight bearing walking with external fixation at corrected position for 4 to 6 weeks. If one had both feet deformity, staged operation should be performed with a surgery interval of 3 to 6 months (mean, 4 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fixation time was 6-12 weeks (mean, 8 weeks) in 9 feet fixed by composite external fixation instruments, and it was 6-17 weeks (mean, 13 weeks) in 31 feet fixed by Ilizarov external fixation. Ml 25 patients were followed up 8 months to 6 years with an average of 37 months. During distraction process, slight pin track infection occurred in 6 cases (6 feet), which were cured after expectant management. One patient had recurrence of the deformity at 2 years postoperatively, who obtained satisfactory correction after Ilizarov external fixation for 4 weeks. The satisfactory correction and foot function were achieved in the other feet with walking on full weight-bearing. According to International Clubfoot Study Group (ICFSG) score, the results were excellent in 28 feet, good in 10 feet, and fair in 2 feet, with an excellent and good rate of 95% at last follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined limited operation with Ilizarov technique for correcting adolescent CCF is accord with biology principle and minimally invasive surgical principle, so it is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective method. It also can broaden the operative indications and correct degree III talipes equinovarus which is unattainable by traditional orthopedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, P R China. qsihe@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Sihe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Baofeng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Longxi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xuejian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Shaofeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018889:Ilizarov Technique; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult