title: Copper and cadmium removal from synthetic industrial wastewater using chitosan and nylon 6.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chitosan with nylon 6 membranes was evaluated as adsorbents to remove copper and cadmium ions from synthetic industrial wastewater.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chitosan and nylon 6 with glutaraldehyde blend ratio with (1:1+Glu, 1:2+Glu, and 2:1+Glu) have been prepared and these were used as membranes to remove copper and cadmium ions from synthetic industrial wastewater. Characterization of the synthesized membrane has been done with FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, DSC, and SEM. Chemical parameters for quantities of adsorption of heavy metal contamination have been done and the kinetics of adsorption has also been carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimal pH for the removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) using chitosan with nylon 6. Maximum removal of the metals was observed at pH 5 for both the metals. The effect of adsorbent dose also has a pronounced effect on the percentage of removal of the metals. Maximum removal of both the metals was observed at 5 g/100 ml of the adsorbent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Copper and cadmium recovery is parallel at all time. The percentage of removal of copper increased with increase in the pH from 3 to 5. In the case of cadmium containing wastewater, the maximum removal of metal occurred at pH 5. The uptake amount of Cu(2+) ions on chitosan increased rapidly with increasing contact time from 0 to 360 min and then reaches equilibrium after 360 min; the equilibrium constant for copper and cadmium ions is more or less the same for the adsorption reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya University, Enathur, Kancheepuram, India. k_nprakash1981@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Sudha
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Renganathan
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002209:Caprolactam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; C009916:nylon 6; D002209:Caprolactam; D003300:Copper; D048271:Chitosan; D005976:Glutaral