title: Cyclin D1 overexpression and poor clinical outcomes in Taiwanese oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclin D1 gene regulates cell cycle and plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of human cancers. The association between cyclin D1, clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is inconclusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 264 male OSCCs were examined for cyclin D1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression levels of cyclin D1 were defined as overexpression when more than 10% of tumor cells displayed nuclear staining with moderate to strong intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of cyclin D1 was found in 97 (36.7%) OSCCs. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), tumor cell differentiation (P = 0.031) and tumor stage (P = 0.051), but not associated with age onset, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, or areca quid chewing. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was also significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes in terms of disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS, P < 0.001). The effects of cyclin D1 protein overexpression on DFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.540; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.068 - 2.222) and OS (HR = 1.702; 95% CI, 1.168 - 2.480) were still existed after adjusting for clinicopathological parameters (such as age, primary tumor status, tumor cell differentiation, and lymph node metastasis) using logistic multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclin D1 protein worked as an independent prognostic factor and can be as a biomarker for the aggressiveness of OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiang-Fu
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sou-De
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Wen-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: I-How
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Ta
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Hung-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001114:Areca; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019938:Cyclin D1