title: Factors related to insomnia and sleepiness in the late third trimester of pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the presence of insomnia and sleepiness and related factors in the late third trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 370 singleton gravids completed a general questionnaire containing personal data, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). In addition, maternal anthropometry was recorded upon survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median [interquartile range] maternal age and gestational age upon survey was of 31 [7.0] years and 39 [1.8] weeks, respectively. A 73.5% of women displayed some degree of insomnia (Total ISI score 8-28) and 22.2% sleepiness (Total ESS score ≥10). Determined rho Spearman coefficients showed significant correlations between ISI scores and gestational age at survey and survey to birth interval (weeks) and between ESS scores and maternal weight and arm circumference at survey and neonatal birth weight. Multiple linear regression analysis found that smoking habit, higher blood pressure and shorter survey to birth interval (weeks) significantly predicted higher ISI scores, and hence a higher risk of insomnia. Employed status, increased arm circumference and neonatal weight predicted higher ESS scores (sleepiness).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insomnia and sleepiness were prevalent in the late third trimester of pregnancy in which lifestyle factors and maternal and neonatal body composition were significant predictors.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Torrecárdenas, Almeria, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alonso
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trabalón-Pastor
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chedraui
authors.forename: Faustino R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Pérez-López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001724:Birth Weight; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000209:etiology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires