title: Absence of the flexor digitorum longus tendon: an MRI study.
abstract: Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) is the primary flexor of the lateral four toes. It is a reliable source of tendon for transfer surgery. We present a case whereby a patient who required a reconstruction for adult acquired flatfoot deformity using FDL as a dynamic structure for transfer was found to have an absent FDL tendon at the time of operation, necessitating the use of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) instead. This unusual finding prompted us to investigate the frequency of absence of the FDL tendon. We reviewed our hospital MRI database of foot and ankle images specifically looking for patients with absence of this tendon. After randomization, 756 images were reviewed independently by two surgeons and a consultant musculoskeletal radiologist. No instances of an absent FDL tendon were identified. In conclusion, the frequency of absence of the FDL tendon is less than 1 in 750. Surgeons who require FDL for tendon transfer surgery need not image the foot preoperatively to anticipate the need for the use of FHL as an alternative.
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Foot and Ankle Unit, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Merzesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magra
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taqvi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Blundell
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000601:surgery; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D037081:Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction / Q000601:surgery; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000379:methods; D013710:Tendons / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology*