title: HDAC1 and HDAC2 are differentially expressed in endometriosis.
abstract: Epigenetic mechanisms have been ascribed important roles in endometriosis. Covalent histone modifications at lysine residues have been shown to regulate gene expression and thus contribute to pathological states in many diseases. In endometriosis, histone deacetylase inhibition (HDACi) resulted in reactivation of E-cadherin, attenuation of invasion, decreased proliferation of endometriotic cells, and caused lesion regression in an animal model. This study was conducted to assess basal and hormone-regulated gene expression levels of HDAC1 and HDAC2 (HDAC1/2) in cell lines and protein expression levels in tissues. Basal and steroid hormone-regulated HDAC1/2 gene expression levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in cell lines and tissues. Protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissues on an endometriosis tissue microarray (TMA). Basal HDAC1/2 gene expression levels were significantly higher in endometriotic versus endometrial stromal cells, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) significantly downregulated HDAC1 expression in endometrial epithelial cells. Levels of HDAC2 were upregulated by E2 and downregulated by E2 + P4 in endometrial stromal cells. Hormone modulation of HDAC1/2 gene expression was lost in the endometriotic cell line. Immunohistochemistry showed that HDAC1/2 proteins were expressed in a substantial proportion of lesions and endometrium from patients, and their expression levels varied according to lesion localization. The highest proportion of strong HDAC1 immunostaining was seen in ovarian, skin, and gastrointestinal lesions, and of HDAC2 in skin lesions and endometrium from patients with endometriosis. These studies suggest that endometriosis etiology may be partially explained by epigenetic regulation of gene expression due to dysregulations in the expression of HDACs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR 00731, USA.
authors.forename: Maricarmen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colón-Díaz
authors.forename: Perla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Báez-Vega
authors.forename: Miosotis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Janice B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fourquet
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayona
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Garriga
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Achille
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Idhaliz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Flores
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2