title: Gum containing calcium fluoride reinforces enamel subsurface lesions in situ.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chewing gum containing phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) and a low concentration of fluoride (F) on the hardness of enamel subsurface lesions, utilizing a double-blind, randomized, and controlled in situ model. Fifteen individuals wore removable lingual appliances with 3 bovine-enamel insets containing subsurface demineralized lesions. Three times a day for 14 days, they chewed one of the 3 chewing gums (placebo, POs-Ca, POs-Ca+F). After the treatment period, cross-sectional mineral content, nanoindentation hardness, and fluoride ion mapping by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were evaluated. Although there were no statistical differences in overall mineral content and hardness recovery rates between POs-Ca and POs-Ca+F subsurface lesions (p > 0.05), nanoindentation at 1-μm distance increments from the surface showed statistical differences in hardness recovery rate between POs-Ca and POs-Ca+F in the superficial 20-μm region (p < 0.05). Fluoride mapping revealed distribution of the ion up to 20 μm from the surface in the POs-Ca+F group. Nanoindentation and TOF-SIMS results highlighted the benefits of bioavailability of fluoride ion on reinforcement of the superficial zone of subsurface lesions in situ (NCT01377493).
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45 Yushima 1-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 113-8549. kitasako.ope@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitasako
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002417:Cattle; D002638:Chewing Gum; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010919:Placebos; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002638:Chewing Gum; D008903:Minerals; D010919:Placebos; D002124:Calcium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides