title: The Sarnat studies in craniofacial biology.
abstract: Dr. Bernard Sarnat is one of plastic surgery's greatest laboratory investigators. His contributions to our understanding of modern craniofacial molecular biology are immense. His landmark studies continue to influence the way we approach and treat patients today. This article outlines his classic investigations of the craniofacial skeleton, with particular interest in lower face, midface, and upper face development; cranial suture and cranial base biology; and tooth and dental development. In this article, a brief summary of Dr. Sarnat's investigations are followed by how these data have had an important clinical impact.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Christina J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tabit
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001695:Biology; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000254:growth & development; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000254:growth & development; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000254:growth & development; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009915:Orbit / Q000254:growth & development; D010159:Palate / Q000254:growth & development; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000254:growth & development; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development