title: Relationship between coffee consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome has become a major worldwide public health problem. We examined the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants were 3284 employees (2335 men and 948 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Using data from their 2008 health checkup records, we analyzed the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Japanese criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 374 of the 2335 men (16.0%) and 32 of the 948 women (3.4%). In univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios (ORs) among men for the presence of metabolic syndrome were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.56-1.03) and 0.61 (0.39-0.95), respectively, among moderate (≥4 cups of coffee per day) coffee drinkers as compared with non-coffee drinkers. Among all components of metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure and high triglyceride level were inversely associated with moderate coffee consumption in men, after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise. However, in women, moderate coffee consumption was not significantly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome or its components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese male civil servants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Kanae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mure
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003069:Coffee; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee