title: Genome sequencing and analysis of the Tasmanian devil and its transmissible cancer.
abstract: The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), the largest marsupial carnivore, is endangered due to a transmissible facial cancer spread by direct transfer of living cancer cells through biting. Here we describe the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the Tasmanian devil genome and whole-genome sequences for two geographically distant subclones of the cancer. Genomic analysis suggests that the cancer first arose from a female Tasmanian devil and that the clone has subsequently genetically diverged during its spread across Tasmania. The devil cancer genome contains more than 17,000 somatic base substitution mutations and bears the imprint of a distinct mutational process. Genotyping of somatic mutations in 104 geographically and temporally distributed Tasmanian devil tumors reveals the pattern of evolution and spread of this parasitic clonal lineage, with evidence of a selective sweep in one geographical area and persistence of parallel lineages in other populations.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK. elizabeth.murchison@sanger.ac.uk
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Murchison
authors.forename: Ole B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Schulz-Trieglaff
authors.forename: Zemin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Ludmil B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Beiyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hims
authors.forename: Zhihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Sergii
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ivakhno
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Bee Ling
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Bronwen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aken
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsop
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becq
authors.forename: Graham R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bignell
authors.forename: R Keira
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Cheetham
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Grocock
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khrebtukova
authors.forename: Zoya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kingsbury
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowarsky
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreiss
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Anne-Maree
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pearse
authors.forename: Keiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rasolonjatovo
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tedder
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tregidgo
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vilella
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wedge
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gormley
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Humphray
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schroth
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Stephen M J
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Searle
authors.forename: Nigel P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Papenfuss
authors.forename: P Andrew
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Futreal
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Fengtang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stratton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060965:Clonal Evolution; D056727:Endangered Species; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D042822:Genomic Instability; D008297:Male; D008394:Marsupialia / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D013648:Tasmania / Q000453:epidemiology