title: Identity and diversity of archaeal communities during anaerobic co-digestion of chicken feathers and other animal wastes.
abstract: Digestion of raw feathers in anaerobic digesters inoculated with adapted swine manure, slaughterhouse sludge or dairy manure was investigated using twelve 42-L anaerobic digesters at 25°C. After 120days 74%, 49% and 40% added feathers were converted to methane in swine manure, dairy manure and slaughterhouse sludge anaerobic digesters respectively. 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses identified twenty-one operational taxonomic units containing clone sequences from 5 genera, 5 families and 2 phyla of members of the Archaea from 158 sequenced clones. Fluorescence insitu hybridization revealed that methanogens from the Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales constituted a major fraction (>78%) of these Archaea. A high correlation was seen between the distribution of functional archaeal groups and the NH(3)-N levels of digester mixed liquors. The compositions of archaeal communities fed different substrates were statistically significantly different (P<0.05).
authors.affiliation: Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Daniel I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Massé
authors.forename: Tim A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: Yunhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seviour
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D044822:Biodiversity; D002645:Chickens; D017931:DNA Primers; D005241:Feathers / Q000378:metabolism*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers