title: Response inhibition and attentional control in anxiety.
abstract: Traditionally, anxiety has been associated with a selective attentional bias for threat and a decreased capacity in attentional control. In two different experiments, we investigated whether individuals with different levels of self-reported state anxiety (Experiment 1) and induced anxiety (Experiment 2) had impaired response inhibition processes (attentional control deficit) as characterized by a different response style in the presence of negative stimuli under low and high perceptual load conditions. A go/no-go paradigm with emotional distractors (angry, happy, and neutral faces) was used to provide measures of perceptual sensitivity, inhibition, and response style. Our findings showed that perceptual sensitivity, as assessed by the d' parameter of signal detection theory, was reduced in all participants for angry faces under low perceptual load, where enough perceptual resources were available to be attracted by distractors. Importantly, despite similar perceptual sensitivity, the beta parameter indicated that high state anxiety individuals in both experiments were less flexible at adjusting to task demands in the presence of angry face distractors by adopting a stricter criterion. Implications of findings are discussed within current models of attentional control in anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología Experimental y Fisiología del Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Spain. tpacheco@ugr.es
authors.forename: Antonia Pilar
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Unguetti
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lupiáñez
authors.forename: Naiker
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Román
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Derakshan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology*; D015982:Bias; D003657:Decision Making; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult