title: A cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) programme for anxiety following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI): two case studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CBT is a potentially effective treatment for anxiety disorders following TBI; however, empirical evidence has mainly come from clients with mild TBI. This paper describes a CBT-based anxiety treatment programme adapted for clients with more severe injuries. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the implementation of the programme, as a step toward larger scale testing of the programme's feasibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A manualised adapted CBT treatment manual was used to deliver CBT in a standardised manner to two clients, one with severe and one with moderate TBI. Outcome was evaluated using a single-subject design with repeated measures of anxiety, mood and coping style at pre- and post-CBT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two clients demonstrated positive treatment response on either a measure of anxiety or a continuous measure of distress. Although neither demonstrated a clinically significant change according to the primary outcome measure (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), they showed significant change in at least one corroborated measure of anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests the potential utility of the adapted CBT programme for clients with moderate-severe TBI. Limitations of the single case studies were discussed, while noting how they would be addressed in a follow-up randomised controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Ming-Yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponsford
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schönberger
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Kerrie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haines
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome