title: Pediatric ovarian torsion in a medical center in Taiwan: case analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints made by patients visiting emergency departments; however, ovarian torsion is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain, especially in young children. Early diagnosis is essential in order to salvage the ovaries. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients under 18 years of age who visited Changhua Christian Hospital with adnexal torsion between June 2003 and June 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for age, associated symptoms, past and present medical histories, physical findings, diagnostic tests performed, clinical course, pathological findings, and diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 patients were identified and included in the analysis; their mean (SD) age was 13.62 (3.75) years. Abdominal pain was the universal symptom. Vomiting or nausea was the second most common symptom (33.3%). The average period between symptom onset and diagnosis was 3.29 (6.39) days. Right-side adnexal torsion occurred in 14 patients, and left-side torsion in seven patients. Ovarian cysts, most often dermoid cysts (e.g., teratomas), were found in 16 patients (76%). Except for one conservatively treated case and one malignant case (adult granulose cell tumor), the other results of the pathological examination were as follows: eight dermoid cysts, two cystadenomas, one follicular cyst, and eight simple cysts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although it is uncommon, adnexal torsion should be included in the differential diagnosis of lower abdominal pain in all girls, regardless of age. Sonography is helpful for making such a diagnosis. Time is a critical factor, and early laparoscopy or laparotomy may save a viable ovary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan. 96777@cch.org.tw
authors.forename: Jun-Kai
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Chun-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Po-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Meng-Kung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000150:complications; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery