title: Complications associated with central and non-central venous catheters in a neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to compare complication rates between peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and peripherally inserted non-central catheters (PINCCs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, observational study was conducted. The PICCs were catheters whose tip terminated in the vena cavae, and PINCCs were defined as those whose tip fell short of this location. Complication rates were assessed using generalized estimating equations modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 91 PINCCs and 889 PICCs were placed in 750 neonates. In all, 44.0% of PINCCs had a major complication compared with 25.2% of PICCs (P=0.0001). The unadjusted (unadj.) complication rate among PINCCs was 51.7 per 1000 line days and 15.9 for PICCs (unadj. rate ratio: 3.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.32, 4.55). After adjusting for multiple confounders, the risk remained significantly higher for PINCCs (adjusted odds ratio: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.33, 4.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of associated complications with the use of PINCCs in the NICU population is more than twice that of the PICCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Colacchio
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Northrup
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bizzarro
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003237:Connecticut; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011786:Quality Control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment