title: Effects of simvastain and enamel matrix derivative on Portland cement with bismuth oxide-induced growth and odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported that bismuth oxide containing Portland cement (BPC) showed similar biocompatibility to Portland cement (PC) in periodontal ligament cells. However, the bioactivity of simvastatin and Emdogain (Biora AB, Malmö, Sweden) on BPC was not reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin and Emdogain on BPC compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell growth was determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. Differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell growth of HDPCs exposed to Emdogain and simvastatin plus BPC was superior to those administered BPC alone and similar to those that received MTA for 14 days. The simvastatin and Emdogain groups increased the odontogenic potential of the BPC group with respect to ALP activity, mineralization nodules, messenger RNA expression of ALP, osteopontin, osteocalcin, Runx2, and osterix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that simvastatin and Emdogain improved cell growth and the differentiation of the BPC group in HDPCs and may be useful ingredients in BPC as pulp-capping material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-San
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Gi-Woon
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Im
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000032:analysis; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D003738:Dental Cements; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D017640:Silicates; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C478163:SP7 protein, human; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014157:Transcription Factors; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; C004468:Alizarin Red S; C033301:bismuth oxide; D019821:Simvastatin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D001729:Bismuth