title: Assessment of the ability to relate anterior tooth form and arrangement to gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the assumption that there are morphological differences between the natural anterior dentition of men and women. The goal of the study was to determine the gender of patients based on the appearance of the anterior teeth in photographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laymen and observers from different specialties were asked to determine the gender of individuals based on the shape and arrangement of anterior teeth. Forty anterior dentition photographs of dental students of both genders (20 women, 20 men) between 18 and 26 years old were selected, coded, and randomly arranged in an album. The albums were delivered to five groups of observers: general practitioners (recently graduated dentists), prosthodontists, orthodontists, restorative dentists (specialists in cosmetic and restorative dentistry), and laymen (control group). The observers evaluated the photographs twice at 1-week intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average correctly identified values in women and men were 57.6% and 58.8%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between observers and between each group of professionals and the laymen group (p > 0.05). An intraobserver agreement was not observed between the evaluations (kappa = -0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this limited study indicated that it was not possible to differentiate gender by viewing photographs of anterior teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil. fernandajasse@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreira Jassé
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilhena Corrêa
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferreira Santos da Cruz
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: José Pantoja Fontelles
authors.forename: Andiara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Roberto
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberto Cury Saad
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alves de Campos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003814:Dentistry, Operative; D005260:Female; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D009970:Orthodontics; D023861:Photography, Dental; D011476:Prosthodontics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult