title: Abdominal adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prevalence of abdominal adiposity and other traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a large sample of Italian adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  T1DM adolescents (n=412 age: 17.3 ± 0.9 years) were enrolled from 18 clinical centres. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters, blood pressure and data on insulin treatment were registered. Metabolic syndrome (MetSy) was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abdominal obesity was the most common risk factor (20.1%) in females, while hypertension in males (25.1%). MetSy was found in 9.5% patients, predominantly in females. Patients with MetSy exhibited higher insulin requirement per body surface area and higher glycated hemoglobin than patients without MetSy. Overweight/obese patients had a much higher prevalence of MetSy than normal weight patients. The logistic regression analysis showed that just waist-to-height ratio and insulin dose per body surface area contributed to discriminate subjects with the MetSy from those without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescence is a critical period in determining risk of future vascular complications in T1DM. Pediatric diabetologists need to be aware of the considerable occurrence of abdominal adiposity and MetSy in T1DM patients, particularly in females, and should make every effort to achieve normal weight and better health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Movement Sciences (DiSIST) Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy. giuliana.valerio@uniparthenope.it
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iafusco
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maffeis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human