title: Amitriptyline prolongs the antihyperalgesic effect of 2- or 100-Hz electro-acupuncture in a rat model of post-incision pain.
abstract: The mechanisms through which electro-acupuncture (EA) and tricyclic antidepressants produce analgesia seem to be complementary: EA inhibits the transmission of noxious messages by activating supraspinal serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons that project to the spinal cord, whereas tricyclic antidepressants affect pain transmission by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the spinal level. This study utilized the tail-flick test and a model of post-incision pain to compare the antihyperalgesic effects of EA at frequencies of 2 or 100 Hz in rats treated with intraperitoneal or intrathecal amitriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant). A gradual increase in the tail-flick latency (TFL) occurred during a 20-min period of EA. A strong and long-lasting reduction in post-incision hyperalgesia was observed after stimulation; the effect after 2 Hz lasting longer than after 100-Hz EA. Intraperitoneal or intrathecal amitriptyline potentiated the increase in TFL in the early moments of 2- or 100-Hz EA, and the intensity of the antihyperalgesic effect of 100-Hz EA in both the incised and non-incised paw. In contrast, it did not significantly change the intensity of the antihyperalgesic effect of 2-Hz EA. The EA-induced antihyperalgesic effects lasted longer after intraperitoneal or intrathecal amitriptyline than after saline, with this effect of amitriptyline being more evident after 100- than after 2-Hz EA. The synergetic effect of amitriptyline and EA against post-incision pain shown here may therefore represent an alternative for prolonging the efficacy of EA in the management of post-surgical clinical pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fais
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: J W S
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rossaneis
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Prado
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015671:Electroacupuncture / Q000379:methods*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000639:Amitriptyline