title: Reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 may play a role in anti-inflammatory effect of hyaluronic acid in a rat model of severe non-bacterial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in hyaluronic acid (HA) therapy in rats model of severe non-bacterial cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cystitis models in Sprague-Dawley female rats were produced by combination of intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide (CYP) with intravesical protamine/lipopolysaccharide (PS/LPS). HA or heparin (0.5 ml) was introduced intravesically to rats' bladders followed PS/LPS. Bladder tissue was prepared for histology including mast cell presence and measurement of ICAM-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin 6 (IL-6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cystitis model using intraperitoneal CYP and intravesical SP/LPS showed serious inflammation, higher mast cell count with elevated ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. After intravesical heparin or HA treatment, incidence of grades 3-4 bladder inflammation and tissue ICAM-1 level were only significantly lower in HA group (P = 0.017, P = 0.021, respectively), but not in heparin group (P = 0.12, P = 0.798, respectively). Remarkably lower level of TNF-α (P = 0.003) and ICAM-1 (P = 0.006) was detected in HA-treated rats compared with heparin-treated rats. Inflammation grade and ICAM-1 level had strong correlation (P < 0.001). IL-6 level after HA or heparin instillation had no difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravesical administration of HA decreased the severity of bladder inflammation, mast cell presence, and levels of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in a rat model of severe non-bacterial cystitis; its effect was more obvious than that of heparin. Reduction of ICAM-1 may play a role in the anti-inflammatory effect of HA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. shaoyuan15@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Guo-liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zhou-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hong-chao
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000473:pathology; D011479:Protamines / Q000009:adverse effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011479:Protamines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D006493:Heparin