title: Cognitive deficits in adults with ADHD go beyond comorbidity effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study addresses if deficits in cognitive, attention, and inhibitory control performance in adults with ADHD are better explained by the disorder itself or by comorbid conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients with ADHD (n = 352) and controls (n = 94) were evaluated in the ADHD program of a tertiary hospital. The diagnostic process for ADHD and comorbidities was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. Stepwise regression analyses evaluated the effect of ADHD, demographics, and comorbidities on the scores from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Continuous Performance Test, and Stroop Color and Word Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with ADHD of both genders had worse performance on neuropsychological domains, even after adjustment for comorbidities. The presence of comorbid bipolar disorder and specific phobia are associated with more Stroop errors, whereas patients with generalized anxiety disorder present a longer execution time in Stroop.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuropsychological deficits in adults with ADHD go beyond comorbidity. Specific comorbid disorders may influence the neuropsychological functioning in adults with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katiane L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Paula O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Guimarães-da-Silva
authors.forename: Eugenio H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Grevet
authors.forename: Marcelo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.forename: Carlos A I
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Eduardo S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Vitola
authors.forename: Nina R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Aline G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Verônica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Contini
authors.forename: Felipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Picon
authors.forename: Rafael G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belmonte-de-Abreu
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Claiton H D
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057190:Stroop Test; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D055815:Young Adult