title: Smoking cue reactivity in adult smokers with and without depression: a pilot study.
abstract: Little is known about the relationship between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and smoking-related behaviors such as cue-induced urges to smoke. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine: (1) differences in smoking cue reactivity by MDD history and (2) the association of a diagnosis of MDD, current depressive symptoms, and smoking variables to cue-induced urges to smoke. Participants (N = 52) were n = 31 smokers with no MDD history and n = 21 smokers with past MDD. Participants completed a 2-hour laboratory session during which they were exposed to neutral (eg, pencils) and smoking cues (eg, cigarettes) after smoking one of their preferred brand cigarettes (Satiated Condition) and when it had been 1 hour since they smoked (Brief Deprivation Condition). Cue-induced urges increased with exposure to smoking cues and this increase did not significantly differ by diagnosis group. Current symptoms of depression, but not a diagnosis of MDD, were significantly and positively related to cue-induced cravings in satiated adult smokers. The association between depression symptoms and smoking urges was not significant in the Brief Deprivation Condition. Smoking cue reactivity may be a useful procedure for studying aspects of smoking behavior in adults with depression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA. andrea.weinberger@yale.edu
authors.forename: Andrea H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Sherry A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Tony P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003463:Cues; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*