title: Production of chemoenzymatic catalyzed monoepoxide biolubricant: optimization and physicochemical characteristics.
abstract: Linoleic acid (LA) is converted to per-carboxylic acid catalyzed by an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435). This per-carboxylic acid is only intermediate and epoxidized itself in good yields and almost without consecutive reactions. Monoepoxide linoleic acid 9(12)-10(13)-monoepoxy 12(9)-octadecanoic acid (MEOA) was optimized using D-optimal design. At optimum conditions, higher yield% (82.14) and medium oxirane oxygen content (OOC) (4.91%) of MEOA were predicted at 15 μL of H(2)O(2), 120 mg of Novozym 435, and 7 h of reaction time. In order to develop better-quality biolubricants, pour point (PP), flash point (FP), viscosity index (VI), and oxidative stability (OT) were determined for LA and MEOA. The results showed that MEOA exhibited good low-temperature behavior with PP of -41(°)C. FP of MEOA increased to 128(°)C comparing with 115(°)C of LA. In a similar fashion, VI for LA was 224 generally several hundred centistokes (cSt) more viscous than MEOA 130.8. The ability of a substance to resist oxidative degradation is another important property for biolubricants. Therefore, LA and MEOA were screened to measure their OT which was observed at 189 and 168(°)C, respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600 Selangor, Malaysia. jumat@ukm.my
authors.forename: Jumat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salimon
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salih
authors.forename: Bashar Mudhaffar
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D054327:Lubricants / Q000737:chemistry*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D054327:Lubricants; C570809:monoepoxide linoleic acid; C093667:Novozyme 435; D008049:Lipase; D005027:Ethylene Oxide