title: Evaluation of the aesthetics of physical methods of euthanasia of anesthetized rats.
abstract: Dissection of living brain tissue for in vitro experiments requires the use of a rapid euthanasia method. However, the method must not subject animals to unnecessary pain and must be aesthetically acceptable to experimenters. The purposes of the current study were to assess the aesthetics  of 6 euthanasia methods, measure the procedure duration, and evaluate brain for pathology after each procedure. We digitally recorded euthanasia of isoflurane-anesthetized rats by 6 physical methods: anesthetic overdose, cardiac exsanguination, decapitation, closed intrathoracic transection  of the great vessels and heart, thoracic percussion, and thoracotomy with rupture of great vessels. Volunteer researchers and animal caretakers watched the video and completed an associated questionnaire. Anesthetic overdose and cardiac exsanguinations were rated most aesthetically pleasing,  although these procedures took the longest to complete. In contrast, decapitation and thoracic percussion were the least aesthetically pleasing, but these methods were the quickest. No demographic factor was identified that could predict whether a given euthanasia procedure would be favored  for aesthetic reasons, and participants provided a wide variety of rationales for the aesthetic ratings they assigned. Although all of these euthanasia methods meet the criteria of approved methods of euthanasia of anesthetized rats as defined by the AVMA, aesthetic features and the scientific  need for rapid euthanasia are both considerations in selecting a method.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. hickmand@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017750:Animal Technicians / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D004954:Esthetics; D037901:Euthanasia, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007756:Laboratory Animal Science / Q000379:methods*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014838:Volunteers / Q000523:psychology