title: Oral field cancerization: current evidence and future perspectives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral field cancerization implies that oral cancer does not arise as an isolated cellular phenomenon but rather as an anaplastic tendency involving many cells at once and results in the multifocal development of cancer at various rates within the entire field in response to a carcinogen especially tobacco. This concept has been frequently used to explain the occurrence of multiple primary cancers and recurrences following complete excision of oral cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review deals in detail with the origin, principle, various theories used to explain this effect and molecular, genetic, as well as cytogenetic findings related to oral field cancerization. Further, the clinical implications and future research directives are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Belgaum, 590010, Karnataka, India. punnya_angadi@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Punnya V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Angadi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Savitha
authors.forename: Sanjay S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sivaranjini
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018289:Carcinoma, Verrucous / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor