title: Survey of microphthalmia in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the current status of patients with microphthalmia based on a cross-sectional survey of patient hospital visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent to the departments of ophthalmology in 1,151 major Japanese hospitals to survey the following: the number of patients with microphthalmia who visited the outpatient clinics between January 2008 and December 2009; gender; age; family history; associated ocular anomalies; complications and systemic diseases; surgical treatment; vision and management. A retrospective quantitative registry of 1,254 microphthalmic eyes (851 patients) from 454 hospitals (39.4%) was compiled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients for whom data were available, 50% ranged in age from 0 to 9 years. The major ocular findings were nanophthalmos, coloboma, and vitreoretinal malformations. Ocular complications frequently developed, including cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. Surgery was performed in 21.4% of all cases, and systemic diseases were present in 31% of all cases. The vision associated with microphthalmia exceeded 0.1 in about 30% of the eyes. Glasses and low vision aids were used by 21.6% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with microphthalmia often have ocular and systemic anomalies. Early assessment and preservation of vision and long-term complication management are needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. nishina-s@ncchd.go.jp
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008850:Microphthalmos / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult