title: [Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β by epidermal growth factor in wound tissue of mice with full-thickness skin defect].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of freeze-dried mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPAR-β) in mice during wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness skin defect with area of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm was reproduced on both sides of the back of 70 BALB/c mice (2 wounds in each mouse). The wound on the left side in each mouse was treated with 5 µg/mL mEGF solution (experiment group), and that on the right side in each mouse was treated with saline (control group). On post injury day (PID) 7, 11, and 16, 20 mice were used for determination of wound healing rate at each time point. On PID 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, and 18, specimens of wound edge were harvested for determination of protein and gene expression of PPAR-β with immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, with 10 specimens at each time point (denoted as integral absorbance value). Data were processed with t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Wound healing rate. The wound healing rate in experiment group on PID 7, 11, and 16 was respectively higher than that in control group (with t value respectively 3.03, 6.05, 11.9, P values all below 0.01). (2) Immunohistochemical observation. In both groups, the PPAR-β proteins highly expressed in fibroblasts of wound granulation tissues and nuclei of keratinocytes located in wound edge at early stage after injury, and they highly expressed in newly formed epidermis and their fibroblasts in the lower layer after wound epithelization. The expression of PPAR-β protein was gradually decreased after wound healing. The expression of PPAR-β protein at each time point in experiment group was respectively higher than that in control group (with t values from 2.15 to 7.37, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression of PPAR-β protein peaked on PID 3 in experiment group [(3.46 ± 1.33) × 10(3)], which was (2.35 ± 1.09) × 10(3) in control group. (3) In situ hybridization. The expression levels of PPAR-β mRNA in both groups were up-regulated after injury, which were mainly observed in fibroblasts of wound and cytoplasm of KC in wound edge, but they were down-regulated after wound epithelization. The expression of PPAR-β mRNA at each time point in experiment group was respectively higher than that in control group (with t values from 2.35 to 6.64, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression of PPAR-β mRNA in both groups peaked on PID 3 [(7.3 ± 2.6) × 10(6), (4.5 ± 3.0) × 10(6), respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  mEGF can up-regulate the expression of PPAR-β in wound tissue of mice and promote wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Peng-fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xing-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li-cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D048068:PPAR-beta; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor