title: Build-up of symmetry breaking using a titanium suboxide in bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
abstract: The importance of symmetry breaking was investigated in bulk heterojunction solar cells with a conventional device structure. Artificial symmetry breaking was built up by introducing a titanium suboxide. With sufficient symmetry breaking, the influence of the cathode work-function can be diminished, thereby extracting the same level of open circuit voltage regardless of metal work-function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Heejoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shinuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012993:Solar Energy; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium