title: Double-illumination photoacoustic microscopy.
abstract: Recent developments of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) have improved its spatial resolution and imaging speed. However, the penetration depth of OR-PAM is still limited to ~1 mm in tissue, owing to the strong tissue scattering. Here, we have developed double-illumination PAM (DI-PAM), which illuminates the sample from both top and bottom sides simultaneously. Through phantom and in vivo experiments, we have demonstrated for thin targets that DI-PAM has a penetration depth of ~2 mm in tissue at 532 nm and a focal zone of 260 μm, both significant improvements over traditional reflection or transmission-mode OR-PAM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Konstantin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Maslov
authors.forename: Ernest R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Puckett
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: Brad W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Lihong V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004423:Ear / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging