title: Behavioral and activity assessment of laboratory mice (Mus musculus) after tail biopsy under isoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: Contemporary laboratory animal guidance suggests that tail biopsy of laboratory mice can be performed before 21 d of age without anesthesia, whereas older mice must receive anesthesia before biopsy. Our objective was to determine whether administration of isoflurane anesthesia before  tail biopsy produced a measurable effect on the behavior of mice (n = 196). We evaluated C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice at 21 to 24 (weaning), 28 to 31 (delayed weaning), and 42 to 45 (adult) d of age. Mice were observed at the time of biopsy and then twice within the first hour after a sham  or tail biopsy. Anxiety-like responses were assessed by using an elevated plus-maze. Activity was evaluated remotely for 120 min. Isoflurane did not diminish acute responses to tail biopsy in mice 31 d or younger compared with sham-biopsied animals but had a significant effect in C57BL/6 biopsied  adult mice. In addition, mice of all ages and strains that received anesthesia, regardless of biopsy, spent more time in the enclosed maze arms and had decreased activity up to 5 h after isoflurane exposure. Although tail biopsy should be performed in young mice to avoid transection of distal  mature vertebrae, our experimental paradigm indicates that isoflurane anesthesia does not appreciably enhance wellbeing over that of mice biopsied without anesthesia at weaning ages. The influence of inhaled isoflurane was demonstrable and indicated that acute and prolonged alterations in  anxiety and activity must be considered when interpreting the impact of anesthesia on tail biopsy across various ages and strains of laboratory mice.
authors.affiliation: University Laboratory Animal Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. fclaire@upenn.edu
authors.forename: F Claire
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hankenson
authors.forename: Gillian C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Braden-Weiss
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blendy
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000473:pathology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane