title: Performance of different composting techniques in reducing oestrogens content in manure from livestock in a Vietnamese setting.
abstract: Steroid oestrogens (SE) are released by humans and animals into the environment. In the Mekong Delta animal excrement is directly discharged into surface water and can pollute the water. Only a few animal production sites are currently treating the excrement in either biogas plants or vermicomposting systems. The concentration of SE in manures from pigs and cattle was monitored in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Fresh cow faeces had an oestrogen concentration of 3.3 ng E2 eq/g dry weight. The SE concentration in effluent from biogas plants fed with animal manures was 341 ng E2 eq/L. Most of the SE were in the solid phase (77.9-98.7%). Vermicomposting reduced SE to 95% of the original input.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Plant Nutrition, INRES, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany. anhhongbi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Thi Anh Hong
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: Thai Hoa
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D058751:Livestock; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004967:Estrogens; D008372:Manure