title: Validation of a new box trainer-related tracking device: the TrEndo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an increasing demand for structured objective ex vivo training and assessment of laparoscopic psychomotor skills prior to implementation of these skills in practice. The aim of this study was to establish the internal validity of the TrEndo, a motion-tracking device, for implementation on a laparoscopic box trainer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Face validity and content validity were addressed through a structured questionnaire. To assess construct validity, participants were divided into an expert group and a novice group and performed two basic laparoscopic tasks. The TrEndo recorded five motion analysis parameters (MAPs) and time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants demonstrated a high regard for face and content validity. All recorded MAPs differed significantly between experts and novices after performing a square knot. Overall, the TrEndo correctly assigned group membership in 84.7 and 95.7% of cases based on two laparoscopic tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Face, content, and construct validities of the TrEndo were established. The TrEndo holds real potential as a (home) training device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.vanempel@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Empel
authors.forename: Lennart B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: van Rijssen
authors.forename: Joris P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Commandeur
authors.forename: Mathilde G E
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Verdam
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Huirne
authors.forename: Fedde
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scheele
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jaap Bonjer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeroen Meijerink
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009068:Movement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013664:Teaching Materials; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education