title: [Trends of bacterial resistance phenotypes in high-complexity public and private hospitals in Colombia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe and compare the frequency of bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from patients in intensive care units (ICU) and other (non-ICU) high-complexity public and private hospital services in Colombia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational, analytical, multicenter study was conducted. The records from January 2007 to December 2009 on bacterial isolates and bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from ICU and non-ICU patients in 79 high-complexity public and private hospitals were consolidated. The information was analyzed with the WHONET(®) 5.5 (WHO) software, following the 2009 recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and summarized on an Excel(®) spreadsheet. A descriptive analysis with the calculation of proportions was performed. The trends were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2007-2009 trends for bacterial resistance phenotypes show increased percentages of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae, ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli and cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (r = 1, P < 0.01), and reduced percentages of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae, oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (r = -1, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trend analysis presented in this study is the baseline for establishing a national epidemiological surveillance subsystem. The trends observed reveal that bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs in hospitals in Colombia is a dynamic phenomenon, with evidence of the emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae phenotypes in the hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud, Subdirección de Vigilancia y Control en Salud Pública, Bogotá DC, Colombia. avillalobos@ins.gov.co
authors.forename: Andrea Patricia
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Villalobos Rodríguez
authors.forename: Miguel Hernando
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Díaz Ortega
authors.forename: Liliana Isabel
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Barrero Garzón
authors.forename: Sandra Milena
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rivera Vargas
authors.forename: Daibeth Elena
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Henríquez Iguarán
authors.forename: María Virginia
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Villegas Botero
authors.forename: Carlos Gonzalo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Robledo Restrepo
authors.forename: Aura Lucía
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Leal Castro
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D010641:Phenotype; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents