title: Impact of national smoke-free legislation on home smoking bans: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure changes in prevalence and predictors of home smoking bans (HSBs) among smokers in four European countries after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys, which is a prospective panel study. Pre- and post-legislation data were used from Ireland, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Two pre-legislation waves from the UK were used as control.
  
  
  METHODS
  4634 respondents from the intervention countries and 1080 from the control country completed both baseline and follow-up and were included in the present analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple logistic regression models to identify predictors of having or of adopting a total HSB, and Generalised Estimating Equation models to compare patterns of change after implementation of smoke-free legislation to a control country without such legislation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most smokers had at least partial smoking restrictions in their home, but the proportions varied significantly between countries. After implementation of national smoke-free legislation, the proportion of smokers with a total HSB increased significantly in all four countries. Among continuing smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day either remained stable or decreased significantly. Multiple logistic regression models indicated that having a young child in the household and supporting smoking bans in bars were important correlates of having a pre-legislation HSB. Prospective predictors of imposing a HSB between survey waves were planning to quit smoking, supporting a total smoking ban in bars and the birth of a child. Generalised Estimating Equation models indicated that the change in total HSB in the intervention countries was greater than that in the control country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that smoke-free legislation does not lead to more smoking in smokers' homes. On the contrary, our findings demonstrate that smoke-free legislation may stimulate smokers to establish total smoking bans in their homes.
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center, Unit Cancer Prevention and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. u.mons@dkfz.de
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mons
authors.forename: Gera E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nagelhout
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allwright
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guignard
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van den Putte
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pötschke-Langer
authors.forename: Lutz P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Breitling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005192:Family Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution