title: Surface decoration by Spirulina polysaccharide enhances the cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of selenium nanoparticles.
abstract: A simple and solution-phase method for functionalization of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with Spirulina polysaccharides (SPS) has been developed in the present study. The cellular uptake and anticancer activity of SPS-SeNPs were also evaluated. Monodisperse and homogeneous spherical SPS-SeNPs with diameters ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm were achieved under optimized conditions, which were stable in the solution phase for at least 3 months. SPS surface decoration significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of SeNPs toward several human cancer cell lines. A375 human melanoma cells were found extremely susceptible to SPS-SeNPs with half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration value of 7.94 μM. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that SPS-SeNPs inhibited cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in sub-G(1) cell population, deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and phosphatidylserine translocation. Results suggest that the strategy to use SPS as a surface decorator could be an effective way to enhance the cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of nanomaterials. SPS-SeNPs may be a potential candidate for further evaluation as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent against human cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Quanming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xueyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Tianfeng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012643:Selenium