title: Acyclovir achieves a lower concentration in African HIV-seronegative, herpes simplex virus 2-seropositive women than in non-African populations.
abstract: Acyclovir pharmacokinetics was evaluated in 68 HIV-seronegative, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive African women, who received a single oral 400-mg dose of acyclovir, with plasma acyclovir concentrations measured over 8 h. Geometric mean peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve were 0.31 μg/ml and 1.59 h · μg/ml, respectively, 54% and 52% lower than values from non-Africans. Lower acyclovir concentrations may partly explain the reduced acyclovir suppression of HSV-2 genital ulcer recurrence in HPTN 039 African women participants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celum
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baeten
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Sinead
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delany-Moretlwe
authors.forename: Stewart E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hendrix
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D044383:Black People; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013019:South Africa; D015024:Zambia; D015030:Zimbabwe
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D000212:Acyclovir