title: The dominance of big pharma: power.
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a normative model for the assessment of the exercise of power by Big Pharma. By drawing on the work of Steven Lukes, it will be argued that while Big Pharma is overtly highly regulated, so that its power is indeed restricted in the interests of patients and the general public, the industry is still able to exercise what Lukes describes as a third dimension of power. This entails concealing the conflicts of interest and grievances that Big Pharma may have with the health care system, physicians and patients, crucially through rhetorical engagements with Patient Advocacy Groups that seek to shape public opinion, and also by marginalising certain groups, excluding them from debates over health care resource allocation. Three issues will be examined: the construction of a conception of the patient as expert patient or consumer; the phenomenon of disease mongering; the suppression or distortion of debates over resource allocation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Ethics, Cardiff University, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK. edgar@cf.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edgar
mesh_terms: D003256:Community Participation; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D054626:Consumer Health Information; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011641:Public Relations