title: Validation of the Energy Conservation Strategies Inventory (ECSI).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In applying good energy conservation strategies to relieve cancer-related fatigue, it is critical to first identify cancer patients who are at a high risk for poor energy conservation. However, instruments have not been developed to evaluate energy conservation strategies in an oncology setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to validate an instrument that cancer patients may use to evaluate energy conservation strategies to overcome cancer-related fatigue.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire development followed a four-phase process: 1) item generation and reduction, 2) construction, 3) pilot testing, and 4) field testing. Using relevant and priority criteria, as well as pilot testing, we developed a 25-item questionnaire. After field testing, five items were discarded. Finally, 20 items were included in the Energy Conservation Strategies Inventory (ECSI). Factor analysis, multitrait scaling analysis, and Cronbach's α were used to determine the construct validity and reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analyses of data from 140 cancer patients resulted in the ECSI, which covers activities related to planning, overcoming distractions, labor saving, burden reducing, and comfort. All subscales (Cronbach's α range, 0.69-0.78) and total scores (Cronbach's α=0.87) were found to possess acceptable internal consistency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The good psychometric properties of the ECSI instrument show that it may be useful for measuring the frequency of energy conservation strategies used by cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Management Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. lawyun08@gmail.com
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: A Jin
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eunmi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Sook Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Ok
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jung Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Soon Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang Mi
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Keon Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: Suk Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hae Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires