title: Electroconvulsive therapy in a physically restrained man with comorbid major depression, severe agoraphobia with panic disorder, and histrionic personality disorder.
abstract: A 36-year-old man with comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia, major depression, and histrionic personality disorder since age 21 was resistant to combined drug and psychotherapy treatment. His conditions had progressively worsened with time, causing him to withdraw socially and to simultaneously require continuous physical restraint, which further worsened his functioning. He spent almost 3 consecutive years in restraint, until he consented to receive bilateral ECT treatment. He improved after 13 sessions in all areas (social and role functioning, and panic, depressive, and histrionic symptoms) and is well 3 months later with a lithium-atypical antipsychotic combination.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rapinesi
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serata
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Casale
authors.forename: Giorgio D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kotzalidis
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milioni
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capezzuto
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carbonetti
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fensore
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatarelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D006677:Histrionic Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D012919:Social Behavior
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D018967:Risperidone