title: [Retrospective study on clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of bilateral DRS].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of bilateral Duane retraction syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  To collect 24 cases with bilateral DRS among 123 cases with DRS from hospital data during 2005.7 to 2009.11. Retrospective study included the clinical types, characteristics, plus diseases and surgical treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen male cases (58.3%) and 10 female cases (41.7%), aging 2 to 23-year-old. 16 cases were type I (66.7%), 1 case was type II (4.2%). 7 cases were type III (29.1%), in which patients with esotropia or exotropia were 3 and 4 cases respectively. 11 cases had up- or down-shoot pre-operation, which disappeared or improved post-operation in 8 cases (73%). 15 cases had abnormal head posture (AHP) and AHP disappeared or improved in all. Seven cases (29%) were associated with other congenital ocular or systemic anomalies. For horizontal deviation, unilateral medial or lateral rectus weakening procedures were performed in 13 cases and bilateral procedures in 11 cases. Post-operation, horizontal deviation was less than ± 10(Δ) in 21 patients (91%), 1 case was under-corrected and 2 cases were overcorrected. Simultaneously, the restriction of ocular motility and global retraction were improved in all the patients. Additional vertical or oblique muscle procedures were performed in 4 patients among 7 with vertical deviation more than 10(Δ) and up- or down-shoot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral DRS has more frequency in male, obviously horizontal deviation in primary position and more cases with vertical deviation which is related with up- or down-shoot phenomenon. The key point for successful surgery are forced duction test pre- and during operation to conform to relieve the mechanical factor and estimating abnormal innervation in horizontal and vertical rectus.
authors.affiliation: Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital and Institute, Tianjin Ophthalmology And Visual Development Key Laboratory, Tianjin 300020, China.
authors.forename: Yue-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kan-xing
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hui-zhi
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult