title: Biocompatibility of new calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) in subcutaneous tissue of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen rats, weighing 300 g, were separated into 3 groups (n = 5) in accordance with the time of death (7, 21, 42 days). Two incisions were made in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of each rat in which were implanted 2 polyethylene tubes filled with the test materials, EndoBinder (EB) and Grey MTA (GMTA). The external tube walls were considered the negative control group (CG). After 7, 21, and 42 days, animals were killed, obtaining 5 samples per group, at each time interval of analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the morphologic and morphometric analyses by using a score of (0-3) (50, 100, and 400×), results showed absence of inflammatory reaction (0) for EB after 42 days. However, for GMTA, a slight inflammatory reaction (1) was observed after 42 days, which means the persistence of a chronic inflammatory process. When compared with CG, tissue reaction ranging from discrete (1-7 days) to absent (0-42 days) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EndoBinder presented satisfactory tissue reaction; it was biocompatible when tested in subcutaneous tissue of rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano Gamero
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Lucas Fonseca
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Roberti Garcia
authors.forename: Fernanda Carvalho
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; C557697:EndoBinder; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D020959:Polyethylene; D003094:Collagen