title: Epidemiologic and clinical features of other enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in American Indian infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the viral etiology, through the use of molecular methods, of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), which is a considerable public health burden in Native American infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2002 through February 2004, AGE and non-diarrheal stools were collected from Navajo and White Mountain Apache infants who received placebo during a rotavirus vaccine trial. Case (n=247) and control (n=344) specimens were tested for enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The odds of AGE were compared with population-averaged logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 65% of the cases of AGE (161/247), at least one virus was detected; norovirus (n=80, 32%) and rotavirus (n=70, 28%) were the most common. A virus was detected in 38% of control specimens (132/344). Detection of "any virus" was associated with AGE (OR=3.22; 95% CI, 2.11-4.91), as was detection of norovirus (OR=2.00; 95% CI, 1.22-3.26) and rotavirus (OR=2.69; 95% CI, 1.52-4.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the significant burden of viral AGE in American Indian infants and identifies pathogen targets for future prevention efforts in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. lgrant@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinjé
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weatherholtz
authors.forename: Mathuram
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santosham
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gentsch
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies