title: Evaluation of internal contamination levels after a radiological dispersal device incident using portal monitors.
abstract: Following a radioactive dispersal device (RDD) incident, it may be necessary to evaluate the internal contamination levels of a large number of potentially affected individuals to determine if immediate medical follow-up is necessary. Since the current laboratory capacity to screen for internal contamination is limited, rapid field screening methods can be useful in prioritising individuals. This study evaluated the suitability of a radiation portal monitor for such screening. A model of the portal monitor was created for use with models of six anthropomorphic phantoms in Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code Version 5 (MCNP) X-5 Monte Carlo Team (MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code Version 5. LA-CP-03-0245. Vol. 2. Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2004.). The count rates of the portal monitor were simulated for inhalation and ingestion of likely radionuclides from an RDD for each of the phantoms. The time-dependant organ concentrations of the radionuclides were determined using Dose and Risk Calculation Software Eckerman, Leggett, Cristy, Nelson, Ryman, Sjoreen and Ward (Dose and Risk Calculation Software Ver. 8.4. ORNL/TM-2001/190. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2006.). Portal monitor count rates corresponding to a committed effective dose E(50) of 10 mSv are reported.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Department,  Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332,  USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Hertel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Manger
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Freibert
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis*; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D011847:Radioactive Fallout