title: The use of animals in live-tissue trauma training and military medical research.
abstract: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the most common preventable cause of death for soldiers wounded in combat. In live-tissue trauma training (LTTT), animals (mostly goats and pigs) are used to train physicians and paramedical personnel in how to treat severe traumatic injuries, including severe blood loss. Military personnel insist that such realistic training is necessary and has to date saved countless lives of soldiers. Animal rights groups, however, argue that the practice is inhumane and should be replaced with alternative methods. In this essay, the author explains how and why animals are used for LTTT and in military medical research (MMR), as well as why he feels that the continued use of animals for LTTT and MMR is justified. The author hopes to encourage wider discussion of this topic within the scientific, defense and animal welfare circles, leading to further refinements in the welfare and protection of animals used for these important, though often controversial, purposes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory & Operations Management, Centre for Transplant & Renal Research and Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia. gary.martinic@sydney.edu.au
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinic
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation; D023401:Animal Use Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D006041:Goats; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013552:Swine; D014194:Traumatology / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards