title: The expression of genes encoding for COX-2, MPO, iNOS, and sPLA2-IIA in patients with recurrent depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. There are also data indicating altered inflammatory gene expression in depressive disorder and that genetic variants of IO&NS genes are associated with increased risk of the disease in question. The aim of this study was to explore mRNA expression of four IO&NS genes PTGS2, MPO, NOS2A, and PLA2G2A coding respectively: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-IIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of the mRNA was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, in peripheral blood cells of patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and normal controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA expressions of the genes encoding for COX-2, MPO, iNOS and sPLA2-IIA were significantly increased in the peripheral blood cells of depressed patients versus controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients were treated with antidepressants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate and may confirm the role of peripheral IO&NS pathways in the pathophysiology of depression. The results represent a promising way to investigate biological markers of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Poland. piotr.galecki@umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gałecki
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gałecka
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Marcelina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamielec
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orzechowska
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobińska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewiński
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szemraj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009195:Peroxidase; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2; C516287:PLA2G2A protein, human