title: High FDG uptake on FDG-PET scan in HIV-1 infected patient with advanced disease.
abstract: We report the case of a 48-year-old Caucasian male positive for HIV-1 who was admitted in our clinic for a fever of unknown origin with weight loss. The CD4 cell count was 99/mm3 and the viral load (VL) was 836500 copies/ml. A first FDG-PET-CT showed abnormal hypermetabolism of multiple lymp nodes, of the bone marrow and of the spleen. Tuberculosis and lymphoma were excluded by a lymph node biopsy and a culture. Six months after the start of a highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) containing lamuvidine, tenofovir, atazanavir boosted by ritonavir, a new FDG-PET-CT showed a complete normalisation of the metabolism in the regions previously described as having a high FDG uptake. The VL was < 37 copies/ml and his CD4 cell count was 399/mm3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in patients with advanced HIV infections presenting with FUO, high uptake in 18FDG-PET-CT can be the marker of advanced disease reflecting the areas of viral replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, AIDS Reference Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belkhir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jonckheere
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lhommel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vandercam
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yombi
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18