title: DREEM on: validation of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate DREEM in medical education environment of Punjab, Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DREEM questionnaire was anonymously collected from Final year Baccalaureate of Medicine; Baccalaureate of Surgery students in the private and public medical colleges affiliated with the University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Data was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 84.14 %. The average DREEM score was 125. Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis was applied under the conditions of eigenvalues >1 and loadings > or = 0.3. In CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS, Five components were extracted accounting for 40.10% of variance and in EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS, Ten components were extracted accounting for 52.33% of variance. Total 50 items had internal consistency reliability of 0.91 (Cronbach's Alpha). The value of Spearman-Brown was 0.868 showing the reliability of the analysis. In both analyses the subscales produced were sensible but the mismatch from the original was largely due to the English-Pakistan contextual and cultural differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DREEM is a generic instrument that will do well with regional modifications to suit individual, contextual and cultural settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Examinations, University of Health Sciences, Lahore.
authors.forename: Junaid Sarfraz
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabasum
authors.forename: Usman Khalil
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Yousafzai
authors.forename: Mehreen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010154:Pakistan; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012931:Social Environment; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult