title: Intestinal bacterial translocation and tight junction structure in acute porcine pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether intestinal bacterial translocation occurs early in acute mild and severe pancreatitis and whether the intestinal expression of tight junction proteins (claudins-2, -3, -4, -5, -7), apoptosis or proliferation would explain the possible translocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen pigs were randomized to controls (n=5) or to develop mild edematous pancreatitis (n=5, saline infusion to pancreatic duct) or severe necrotic pancreatitis (n=5, taurocholic acid infusion). Translocation was studied by measuring bacterial cultures from portal vein blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical expression of the tight junction proteins, apoptosis rate (TUNEL) and Ki-67 were analyzed quantitatively from the epithelium of the jejunum and colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no bacterial translocation during the 6 hours followup, nor changes in the expression of tight junction proteins claudins-2 and -5 in jejunum or colon. Saturation and proportional area of claudin-3 staining decreased in the colon, as did claudins-4 and -7 staining in the jejunum of the necrotic pancreatitis group. Increased apoptosis was found in all samples from controls and the edematous pancreatitis group but not in jejunum in the necrotic pancreatitis group. Ki-67 activity tended to increase in the upper half of the villus in edematous and necrotic pancreatitis. There were no changes in the basic histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major finding of this study was that bacterial translocation from the gut is not present at the beginning of acute pancreatitis. Tight junction proteins claudin-2 and -5 do not become altered in the early stages of pancreatitis. Claudin-3 decreases in the colon and claudins-4 and -7 in the jejunum in necrotic pancreatitis. Laparotomy itself causes increased apoptosis in the colon and the jejunum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland. sanna.merilainen@mail.suomi.net
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meriläinen
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koivukangas
authors.forename: Hanna Alaoja
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rimpiläinen
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yannopoulos
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alestalo
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vakkala
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskenkari
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohtonen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehenkari
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karttunen
authors.forename: Tatu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juvonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D057167:Claudins / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013552:Swine; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D057167:Claudins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013656:Taurocholic Acid