title: Is double-gloving really protective? A comparison between the glove perforation rate among perioperative nurses with single and double gloves during surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical teams rely on surgical gloves as a barrier to protect themselves against blood-borne pathogenic infections during surgery. Double-gloving is adopted by surgeons to tackle the problem of glove perforation. Nevertheless, double-gloving is not practiced commonly by operating room nurses and there are only limited studies about double-gloving that targets only perioperative nurses. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of double-gloving in protecting perioperative nurses by comparing the frequency of glove perforation between single-gloving and double-gloving groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective and randomized study was performed. Nurses were assigned randomly to single-gloved and double-gloved groups for comparison of the glove perforation rate. Water-leakage and air-inflation tests were used to detect glove perforation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glove perforations was detected in 10 of 112 sets of single-gloves (8.9%) and 12 of 106 sets of outer gloves in the double-gloved group (11.3%). There was no inner double-glove perforation (0%). Glove perforations were found in 6 and 4 of the 112 sets of single-gloves for the first assistants (5.36%) and the scrub nurses (3.57%), and 5 and 7 of 106 sets of outer gloves in the double-gloved group for the first assistants (4.72%) and the scrub nurses (6.60%), respectively. The average occurrence of perforation was 69.8 minutes (range, 20-110 min) after the beginning of surgery. The sites of perforation were localized mostly on the left middle finger (42%) and the left ring finger (33.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings of the study, double-gloving is indeed effective in protecting operating room nurses against blood-borne pathogen exposure. It should be introduced as a routine practice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yue Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Po Ming
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peggy Pui Lai
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Or
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D013527:Perioperative Nursing; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data