title: Improvement of muscle strength and fatigue with high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation in multiple sclerosis patients--a non-randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of High Voltage Pulsed Galvanic Stimulation (HVPGS), that was applied to the spasticity associated weakness in knee flexors and ankle dorsiflexors, on strength and fatigue, in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, in a non-randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 33 MS patients were included. Fatigue and strength were analyzed with 3rd and 30th second data by dynamometric measurements synchronously with surface electromyography (EMG) [power spectrum analysis (amplitude, mean frequency, median frequency and root means square]. In the experimental group HVPGS and in the control group repetitive contractions from Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) technique were applied for 18 treatment sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups and all muscle groups, dynamometric measurement and EMG results in the 30th second were significantly lower according to in the 3rd second before and after the treatments. Both strength and fatigue improved after the treatment both in the HVPGS and PNF group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that, MS patients have both central and peripheral fatigue. FO2 localized and intensive effects in strength and fatigue, HVPGS was more impressive than the PNF. PNF was more effective to obtain general effects. Moreover, the application of HVPGS with other rehabilitation techniques may be more appropriate and effective.
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nilufer Cetisli
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kirdi
authors.forename: Cagri Mesut
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Temucin
authors.forename: Kadriye
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Armutlu
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yakut
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karabudak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D053580:Muscle Strength; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult