title: Bother problems in prostate cancer patients after curative treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most previous studies of prostate cancer (CaP) patients have focused on functional side effects. In the decision about treatment, the patients' subjective experience of function (bother) should also be considered. In this prospective study of CaP patients, we used both categorical and dimensional methods to examine changes of sexual, urinary, and bowel bother after robot-assisted prostatectomy (RALP), after high dose radiotherapy alone (RAD), or with adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (RAD + ADT). We also studied the associations between psychosocial factors and post-treatment bother and the correlations between bother and function at the follow-up time points.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 462 patients (n = 150 RALP, n = 104 RAD, and n = 208 RAD + ADT) completed questionnaires at all time points (baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment). Our outcome measures were the proportion of patients who regained their baseline bother core (PBS-100) and the mean group scores on sexual, urinary, and bowel bother based on the UCLA-PCI questionnaire. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) identified the time points at which various variables were significantly associated with bother at 2 years. The time points at which the proportions of bothered patients became stable were defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The different treatment modalities provided distinctive patterns over time regarding urinary, sexual, and bowel bothers. RALP gave sexual and urinary bother, RAD + ADT patients reported bowel and sexual bother, while RAD patient suffered mainly from bowel bother. According to GEE, the bother scores at 3 or 6 months were significantly associated with the bother scores at 24 months for all groups. PBS-100 and stability of the recovered bother domains was reached at 3 to 6 months. Strong correlations were observed between function and bother for the urinary and bowel domains but not for the sexual domain. The associations between psychosocial factors and bother were weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two years after treatment, RALP patients mainly reported sexual and urinary bother, while irradiated patients were bothered by bowel dysfunction. Sexual, urinary, and bowel bother reached stable proportions at 3 to 6 months post-treatment. Based on GEE, bother at 6 months was in general significantly associated with bother at 24 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: andreas.stensvold@oslo-universitetssykehus.no.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stensvold
authors.forename: Alv A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brennhovd
authors.forename: Milada Cvancarova
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Småstuen
authors.forename: Sophie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fosså
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lilleby
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinsvik
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Axcrona
authors.forename: Sigbjørn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smeland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012371:Robotics; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists