title: Analysis and fit of surface CO2 concentrations at a rural site.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of CO(2) urban plume in a rural area was investigated by concentrations recorded near surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  CO(2) dry concentrations at three levels near surface were recorded for about 8 months at a rural site. Daily cycles were obtained and directional analysis was made with percentiles. Several functions were used to fit background and plume concentrations and the goodness of fit was evaluated with different statistics, which were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily cycle showed a difference of around 2 ppm during the night between the lowest (1.8 m) and the highest (8.3 m) levels. Weighting functions of the directional analysis revealed the influence of the Valladolid urban plume. Two regions were established, with local factors prevailing below 3 m s(-1) and transport dominating above 6 m s(-1). The best fit was achieved with a quadratic function for the background and a cubic function for the plume due to the lack of symmetry observed. Gamma and Weibull distributions were also successfully used. Some statistics, such as the root mean square error (RMSE), stood out when evaluating the goodness of fit, whilst others were discarded due to their extremely low values and the lack of sensitivity against the functions used. Finally, a comprehensive metric merging several statistics was also tested with slight differences against RMSE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, c/Prado de la Magdalena s/n, 47071, Valladolid, Spain. iaperez@fa1.uva.es
authors.forename: Isidro A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pardo
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000531:Altitude; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012424:Rural Population; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide