title: Last three days of life in the hospital: a comparison of symptoms, signs and treatments in the young old and the oldest old patients using the Resident assessment instrument for palliative care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge concerning the provision of end of life care to the oldest old hospitalised patients is deficient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse whether there were differences in registered nurses' documentation of the young old vs. the oldest old patients according to symptoms, clinical signs and treatment in the last 3 days of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected retrospectively in a cross-sectional comparative study at a hospital between autumn 2007 and spring 2009. Methods.  The study included 190 patients: 101 (65-84 years) and 89 (85+). Data were extracted from the patients' electronic records using the Resident Assessment Instrument for Palliative Care (RAI-PC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Falls (OR = 4.01, 95% CI 1.47-10.90) and peripheral oedema (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.06-7.11) were significantly more frequent documented in the oldest old patients compared with the young old patients. Delirium was recorded in 15.3% of all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of more falls and peripheral oedema in the oldest old patients, this study showed no differences in symptoms and treatment between the young old and the oldest old patients. Delirium was poorly documented compared to other studies. Implications for practice.  The oldest old patients have a higher risk of falls in the final phase of life, and fall prevention should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Diakonhjemmet University College, Institute of Nursing and Health, Oslo, Norway. steindal@diakonhjemmet.no
authors.forename: Simen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Steindal
authors.forename: Anette H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ranhoff
authors.forename: Inger S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bredal
authors.forename: Liv W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Sørbye
authors.forename: Anners
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerdal
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003693:Delirium / Q000453:epidemiology; D004487:Edema / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005851:Geriatric Nursing; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*