title: "Shotgunning" in a population of patients with severe mental illness and comorbid substance use disorders.
abstract: "Shotgunning" refers to the practice of one individual forcibly exhaling smoke into the mouth of another, and may increase the risk of transmission of respiratory pathogens. The extent of shotgunning among individuals with co-occurring serious mental illness and substance use is unknown. We included questions about shotgunning in an interview of 236 participants of a study testing a model to prevent and treat HIV and hepatitis. Shotgunning was common (61% [145/236]) and correlated with increased substance use severity and several high-risk behaviors. Only 8% (11/145) understood that shotgunning could transmit disease. Further research and patient education on shotgunning is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. cwelsh@psych.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapscott
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medoff
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine; D008694:Methamphetamine; D003932:Heroin; D010622:Phencyclidine