title: The first molecular level monitoring of carbohydrate conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ionic liquids. B2O3--an efficient dual-function metal-free promoter for environmentally benign applications.
abstract: The mechanistic nature of the conversion of carbohydrates to the sustainable platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was revealed at the molecular level. A detailed study of the key sugar units involved in the biomass conversion process has shown that the simple dissolution of fructose in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride significantly changes the anomeric composition and favors the formation of the open fructoketose form. A special NMR approach was developed for the determination of molecular structures and monitoring of chemical reactions directly in ionic liquids. The transformation of glucose to 5-HMF has been followed in situ through the detection of intermediate species. A new environmentally benign, easily available, metal-free promoter with a dual functionality (B(2)O(3)) was developed for carbohydrate conversion to 5-HMF.
authors.affiliation: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Khokhlova
authors.forename: Vadim V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kachala
authors.forename: Valentine P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ananikov
mesh_terms: D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D002241:Carbohydrates; D052578:Ionic Liquids; C042168:boron oxide; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde