title: Interregional differences in the clinical, biological and electrical characteristics of first acute coronary events in France: results from the MONICA registries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In France, there is a large north-to-south, decreasing gradient in case fatality rates of hospitalized patients for an acute coronary event. This gradient may be explained by differences in the presenting patients' clinical, biological and electrocardiographic characteristics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the characteristics of patients hospitalized for an acute episode of coronary insufficiency in three regions of France with contrasting fatality rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed all men and women (aged 35-74 years) covered by the MONICA registries in three geographical areas (north, east and south-west France) and hospitalized in 2006 for a first acute coronary event. The symptoms, electrocardiogram features, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and troponin levels were systematically transcribed from medical files. Vital status was followed up for one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fatality rates at 28 days and 1 year were higher in the north (7% and 12%, respectively) than in the east (5% and 7%) and in the south-west (2% and 5%). Major symptoms (such as cardiac arrest, acute pulmonary oedema and cardiac shock), altered LVEF and ST+ myocardial infarction (STEMI) were more frequent in the north than in the south-west (all p < 0.0001) - pointing to marked inter-regional differences in the presentation of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In multivariate analyses, age, major symptoms, altered LVEF and STEMI remained strongly associated with 28-day lethality, whereas the relationship with geographical area was attenuated. Similar results were observed for 1-year outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical, biological and electrocardiographic presentations of hospitalized incident ACSs differ from one region of France to another. These differences explain (at least in part) the 28-day and 1-year decreasing case fatality gradient in hospitalized patients from northern France to south-western France.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Inserm U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montaye
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arveiler
authors.forename: Jean-Bernard
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruidavets
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducimetière
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrières
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amouyel
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dallongeville
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014336:Troponin