title: Virtual trainer for intra-detrusor injection of botulinum toxin to treat urinary incontinence.
abstract: Here we introduce a new virtual reality (VR) based simulation system for training the urological procedure of intra-detrusor botulinum toxin (Botox®) injections into the bladder. 6 cases with different bladder anatomy and 3 subtasks are included in the curriculum; this design is guided by several expert urologists according to clinical needs and experience. These virtual bladder models can be deformed by a cystoscope model or penetrated by a needle model. Data of location and dose per injection are collected during the training. After compared among various options, magnetic motion-tracking devices are chosen and integrated onto replicas of cystoscopic instruments as the VR interface for the specific operation. A web/database based learning management platform (LMP) is developed for online data access and validation studies of the training system.
authors.affiliation: CREST, University of Minnesota, USA. yunhe@umn.edu
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasandani
authors.forename: Jayesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Arjune
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gunasekaran
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dykstra
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sweet
mesh_terms: D001904:Botulinum Antitoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D001904:Botulinum Antitoxin