title: Intracranial vessel localization with power motion Doppler (PMD-TCD) compared with CT angiography in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With a view to develop an operator-independent monitoring system for sonothrombolysis, we aimed to evaluate the per cent agreement of power motion transcranial Doppler vessel tracks compared with computed tomography angiography in identification of the anterior and posterior circulation vessels in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients who underwent emergent brain computed tomography angiography and bedside power motion transcranial Doppler were studied. Depth ranges for detecting anterior and posterior circulation vessels were derived from power motion transcranial Doppler flow tracks and computed tomography angiography images of the circle of Willis. We calculated percent agreement of power motion transcranial Doppler with computed tomography angiography for the anterior and posterior circulation vessel localization using computed tomography angiography as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples were obtained from 34 acute ischaemic stroke patients (mean age 61 ± 16 years, 62% men, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 5, interquartile range 2-8). A total of 229 Power motion Doppler computed tomography angiography vessel pairs were analysed. Power motion transcranial Doppler tracks for M1 and proximal M2 middle cerebral artery (MCA) were located at 24-68 mm (M1 MCA: 36-68 mm; M2 MCA: 24-53 mm); anterior cerebral artery (ACA): 50-78 mm; P1 posterior cerebral artery (PCA): 50-74 mm; left vertebral artery: 30-74 mm; right vertebral artery: 30-78 mm; basilar artery: 76-106 mm. The per cent agreement of power motion Doppler-transcranial Doppler for identifying proximal intracranial arteries compared to computed tomography angiography was: M1 and M2 MCA: 100% (95% confidence interval: 96-100%); M1 MCA: 98% (95% confidence interval: 86-100%); M2 MCA: 94% (95% confidence interval: 79-99%); A1 ACA: 82% (95% confidence interval: 68-91%); P1 PCA: 70% (95% confidence interval: 53-83%); left vertebral artery: 96% (95% confidence interval: 80-100%); right vertebral artery: 96% (95% confidence interval: 79-100%); basilar artery: 100% (95% confidence interval: 89-100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Power motion transcranial Doppler intercepts proximal vessels with good-to-excellent agreement with computed tomography angiography. Depth ranges (as opposed to average depths) can be used to target intracranial arterial segments for sonothrombolysis.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barlinn
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zivanovic
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Maruthi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kesani
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balucani
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsivgoulis
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods*