title: Transcription analysis on response of porcine alveolar macrophages to Haemophilus parasuis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in pigs. Currently, the molecular basis of this infection is largely unknown. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against the infectious disease. Systematical analysis on host innate immune response to the infection is important for understanding the pathogenesis of the infectious microorganisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 428 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) 6 days after H. parasuis infection. These genes were principally related to inflammatory response, immune response, microtubule polymerization, regulation of transcript and signal transduction. Through the pathway analysis, the significant pathways mainly concerned with cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that the host took different strategies to activate immune and inflammatory response upon H. parasuis infection. The global interactions network and two subnetworks of the proteins encoded by DE genes were analyzed by using STRING. Further immunostimulation analysis indicated that mRNA levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) and S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6) in porcine PK-15 cells increased within 48 h and were sustained after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly (I:C) respectively. The s100a4 and s100a6 genes were found to be up-regulated significantly in lungs, spleen and lymph nodes in H. parasuis infected pigs. We firstly cloned and sequenced the porcine coronin1a gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that poCORONIN 1A belonged to the group containing the Bos taurus sequence. Structural analysis indicated that the poCORONIN 1A contained putative domains of Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature, Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile and Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile at the N-terminus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present study is the first one focusing on the response of porcine alveolar macrophages to H. parasuis. Our data demonstrate a series of genes are activated upon H. parasuis infection. The observed gene expression profile could help screening the potential host agents for reducing the prevalence of H. parasuis and further understanding the molecular pathogenesis associated with H. parasuis infection in pigs.
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yingyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charreyre
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Audonnet
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qigai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D044137:Haemophilus parasuis / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins; C072061:coronin proteins; D011070:Poly I-C