title: Cholinesterase inhibition and depression of the photic after discharge of flash evoked potentials following acute or repeated exposures to a mixture of carbaryl and propoxur.
abstract: Previously, we reported that acute treatment with propoxur or carbaryl decreased the duration of the photic after discharge (PhAD) of flash evoked potentials (FEPs). In the current studies, we compared the effects of acute or repeated exposure to a mixture of carbaryl and propoxur (1:1.45 ratio; propoxur:carbaryl) on the duration of the PhAD and brain ChE activity in Long Evans rats. Animals were exposed (po) either to a single dose (0, 3, 10, 45 or 75 mg/kg), or 14 daily dosages (0, 3, 10, 30, 45 mg/kg), of the mixture. Acute and repeated treatment with 3mg/kg (or greater) of the mixture produced dose-related inhibition of brain ChE activity. Compared to controls, the PhAD duration decreased after acute administration of 75 mg/kg or repeated treatment with 30 mg/kg of the mixture. The linear relationship between the percent of control brain ChE activity and the PhAD duration was similar for both exposure paradigms. Dose-response models for the acute and repeated exposure data did not differ for brain ChE activity or the duration of the PhAD. Repeated treatment with the mixture resulted in slightly less (13-22%) erythrocyte ChE inhibition than acute exposure. Both acute and repeated treatment resulted in dose-additive results for the PhAD duration and less than dose-additive responses (6-16%) for brain ChE activity for the middle range of dosages. Acute treatment resulted in greater than dose-additive erythrocyte ChE inhibition (15-18%) at the highest dosages. In contrast, repeated treatment resulted in less than dose-additive erythrocyte ChE inhibition (16-22%) at the middle dosages. Brain and plasma levels of propoxur and carbaryl did not differ between the acute and repeated dosing paradigms. In summary, a physiological measure of central nervous system function and brain ChE activity had similar responses after acute or repeated treatment with the carbamate mixture, and brain ChE showed only small deviations from dose-additivity. Erythrocyte ChE activity had larger differences between the acute and repeated treatment paradigms, and showed slightly greater deviations from dose-additivity. Because these treatments utilized larger dosages than anticipated environmental exposures, concern for non-additive effects in humans is minimized. The small magnitude of the deviations from dose-additivity also suggest that in the absence of repeated exposure data, results from an acute study of readily reversible carbamate toxicity can be used to estimate the response to repeated daily exposures.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Washington, DC 20001, United States. Jean_Claude_Mwanza@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mwanza
authors.forename: Danielle F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Lyke
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hertzberg
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohrman-Vincent
authors.forename: Ruosha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lyles
authors.forename: Jane Ellen
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Denise K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Macmillan
authors.forename: R Dan
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zehr
authors.forename: Adam E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Swank
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Herr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D001074:Propoxur / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D001074:Propoxur; D002802:Cholinesterases; D012721:Carbaryl