title: Development of a smoking abstinence self-efficacy questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-efficacy beliefs are an important determinant of (changes in) health behaviors. In the area of smoking cessation, there is a need for a short, feasible, and validated questionnaire measuring self-efficacy beliefs regarding smoking cessation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of a six-item questionnaire to assess smoking cessation self-efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used longitudinal data from a smoking cessation study. A total of 513 smokers completed the Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy Questionnaire (SASEQ) and questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms and motivation to quit smoking. After that, they set a quit date and attempted to stop smoking. One year after the quit date, smoking status of participants was assessed by self report. The psychometric properties of the SASEQ were studied and we investigated whether SASEQ scores predicted successful smoking cessation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis yielded one factor, with an Eigenvalue of 3.83, explaining 64% of variance. All factor loadings were ≥0.73. We found a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 for the SASEQ, low correlations for the SASEQ with depressive symptoms, and motivation to quit, indicating that self-efficacy is measured independently of these concepts. Furthermore, high baseline SASEQ scores significantly predicted smoking abstinence at 52 weeks after the quit date (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.20~2.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SASEQ appeared to be a short, reliable, and valid questionnaire to assess self-efficacy beliefs regarding smoking abstinence. In the present study, this instrument also had good predictive validity. The short SASEQ can easily be used in busy clinical practice to guide smoking cessation interventions.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spek
authors.forename: Fieke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Marlène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chatrou
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Kempen
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouwer
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult