title: Lifetime history of traumatic brain injury among persons with substance use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine (a) if there are sub-groups of individuals with substance use disorders distinguished by their pattern of sustaining traumatic brain injury (TBI) over the lifetime and (b) whether sub-group membership affects current functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient substance abuse treatment programme and state prison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty-seven participants with lifetime histories of both TBI and substance used disorder drawn from two previous studies of (a) persons in substance abuse treatment and (b) prison inmates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ohio State University TBI Identification Method, speed of information processing, working memory, disinhibition, cognitive complaints, sociopathy and substance use disorder severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven clusters of lifetime history of TBI were characterized by the severity of injuries, age at occurrence and presence of a period of time when multiple mild injuries were incurred, often receiving no medical attention. Cluster membership contributed to the prediction of cognitive performance (i.e. processing speed), self-reported cognitive problems and alcohol and other drug severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to injury severity, age at injury and periods of repeated injury may be distinguishing aspects of a lifetime history of TBI for persons with substance use disorders. Results suggest that clinicians would benefit from knowledge of a person's full history of TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. corrigan.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holloman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D011329:Prisoners; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult