title: Response to albuterol MDI delivered through an anti-static chamber during nocturnal bronchospasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreasing electrostatic charge on valved holding chambers increases the amount of drug delivered. However, there are no data demonstrating that this increases bronchodilatation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of reducing electrostatic charge on the bronchodilator  response to albuterol inhaler during nocturnal bronchospasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized double-blind, double-dummy crossover study included subjects, 18-40 years old, with nocturnal bronchospasm (20% overnight decrease in peak flow on 3 of 7 nights during run-in), FEV(1) 60-80%  predicted during the day, and ≥ 12% increase after albuterol. Subjects slept in the clinical research center up to 3 nights for each treatment. FEV(1) and heart rate were measured upon awakening spontaneously or at 4:00 am, and 15 min after each dose of 1, 2, and 4 cumulative puffs  of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler. The drug was administered through an anti-static valved holding chamber (AeroChamber Plus Z-Stat) or a conventional valved holding chamber containing a static charge (AeroChamber Plus).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 88 consented subjects, 11 were randomized and 7 completed  the study. Most exclusions were due to lack of objective evidence of nocturnal bronchospasm. Upon awakening, FEV(1) was 44 ± 9% of predicted before the anti-static chamber and 48 ± 7% of predicted before the static chamber. The mean ± SD percent increase in FEV(1)  after 1, 2, and 4 cumulative puffs using the anti-static versus the static chamber, respectively, were 52 ± 26% versus 30 ± 19%, 73 ± 28% versus 48 ± 26%, and 90 ± 34% versus 64 ± 35%. The point estimates for the differences (and 95% CIs) between the  devices (anti-static vs static) were 21% (4-38%) (P = .03), 23% (6-41%) (P = .02), and 25% (7-42%) (P = .01) for 1, 2, and 4 cumulative puffs, respectively. There was no significant difference in heart rate between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delivery  of albuterol through an anti-static chamber provides a clinically relevant improvement in bronchodilator response during acute, reversible bronchospasm such as nocturnal bronchospasm.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Sreekala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhakaran
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shuster
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chesrown
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hendeles
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D055672:Static Electricity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol