title: Acute exposure to pure cylindrospermopsin results in oxidative stress and pathological alterations in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
abstract: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is increasingly recognized as a potential threat to drinking water safety, due to its ubiquity. This cyanotoxin has been found to cause toxic effects in mammals, and although fish could be in contact with this toxin, acute toxicity studies on fish are nonexistent. This is the first study showing that single doses of CYN pure standard (200 or 400 μg CYN/kg fish bw) by oral route (gavage) generate histopathological effects in fish (Tilapia-Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to the toxin under laboratory condition. Among the morphological changes, disorganized parenchymal architecture in the liver, dilated Bowman's space in the kidney, fibrolysis in the heart, necrotic enteritis in the intestines, and hemorrhages in the gills, were observed. Moreover, some oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver and kidney of tilapias were altered. Thus, CYN exposure induced increased protein oxidation products in both organs, NADPH oxidase activity was significantly increased with the kidney being the most affected organ, and decreased GSH contents were also detected in both organs, at the higher dose assayed.
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Professor García González 2, Seville 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puerto
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jos
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pichardo
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moyano
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cameán
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017210:Tilapia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000633:toxicity*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015415:Biomarkers; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D014118:Toxins, Biological; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005978:Glutathione