title: The effect of EU derogation strategies on the compliance costs of the nitrate directive.
abstract: Within the framework of the nitrate directive, member states have the opportunity to apply for derogation, i.e. increasing fertilisation standards under certain conditions. Several EU regions have utilised this opportunity, but each in a different way, resulting in six very different derogation policies within the EU in 2009. This paper focuses on the differences between the policies applied and makes an assessment with regard to the impact of these differences on the application rate for derogation, the manure surplus and the cost of allocating manure. Based on the MP-MAS model described by Van der Straeten et al. (2010) the different scenarios are applied on a single case area (Flanders) and the economic effects have been simulated. Results show considerable differences between the policy alternatives, leading to the conclusion that member states not only have to focus on whether or not to allow derogation, but also on the actual details of the derogation policy. Granting derogation at parcel level (plot of land), instead of farm level, increases the potential effect of derogation; the level of increase in fertilisation standards under derogation determines the application rate for derogation: a higher increase leads to a higher application rate.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Bart.VanderStraeten@Ugent.be
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van der Straeten
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lauwers
authors.forename: Dakerlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Huylenbroeck
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005062:European Union; D005308:Fertilizers; D033161:Government Regulation; D008372:Manure; D018803:Models, Economic; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D011640:Public Policy
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D009566:Nitrates