title: Use of a culture-independent approach to characterize aerosolized bacteria near an open-freestall dairy operation.
abstract: Animal manures are known to harbor a variety of zoonotic pathogens, which are suspected of being transported off-site as aerosols from confined feeding operations. In this study, aerosols were collected using a high-volume sampler downwind from a 10,000 cow open-freestall dairy and nearby fields being sprinkler irrigated with wastewater. DNA extracts were prepared from the aerosol samples, then a region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced for bacterial identification and phylogenetic classification. At the dairy and irrigation sites, Proteobacteria (α-, β-, and γ-subdivisions) was the most abundant phylum, representing 78% and 69% of all sequences, respectively, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes represented only 10% or less of the sequences. Of the 191 clones sequenced from the dairy aerosol samples, 6 sequences were found to be homologous with uncultured bacteria from cow milk, rumen, and fecal samples. However, none of the sequence matches was affiliated with bacteria known to be pathogenic to otherwise healthy humans. Although our results do suggest a high diversity among the aerosolized bacteria, the sampling strategy employed in this study may not account for the variable nature of bioaerosol emissions.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA. robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dungan
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000391:Air Microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S