title: The effect of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on nocturia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigators have reported that men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for prostate cancer (PCa) can experience significant changes in nocturia after surgery. We examined the effect of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) on nocturia symptoms in men with PCa from baseline to 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2006 and August 2010, 116 patients undergoing RALP for clinically localized PCa had baseline and 1-year Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire data obtained. Patients were divided into three groups with respect to nocturia: N1 (0 or 1 episode per night), N2 (2 episodes per night), and N3 (3 or more episodes per night).
  
  
  RESULTS
  N1 (63 patients) had stable or worsened nocturia with 78% of patients retaining their N1 status, 21% progressed to N2 status, and 2% progressed to N3. N2 (29 patients) were 52% N1, 34% N2, and 14% N3 after surgery. The N3 (24 patients) had 29% improved to N1, 38% improved to N2, and 33% remained N3. EPIC urinary function and incontinence subscale scores were 92.3 and 91.3 preintervention and 85.2 and 76.6, (P=<0.001 for both), respectively, at follow-up. The combination of improved obstructive symptomatology and continence after RALP resulted in no net change in urinary bother.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RALP is associated with improved symptomatology in patients with the greatest level of preinterventional nocturia. Patients with minimal preoperative nocturia may experience worsening of nocturia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tavlarides
authors.forename: Nancy N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000209:etiology*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires