title: Benzodiazepines inhibit the acetylcholine receptor-operated potassium current (IK.ACh) by different mechanisms in guinea-pig atrial myocytes.
abstract: The anticholinergic effects of 7 benzodiazepines, bromazepam, camazepam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, medazepam and triazolam, were compared by examining their inhibitory effects on the acetylcholine receptor-operated potassium current (I(K).(ACh)) in guinea-pig atrial myocytes. All of these benzodiazepines (0.3-300 µM) inhibited carbachol (1 µM)-induced I(K).(ACh) in a concentration-dependent manner. The ascending order of IC(50) values for carbachol-induced I(K).(ACh) was as follows; medazepam, diazepam, camazepam, triazolam, bromazepam, lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide (>300 µM). The compounds, except for bromazepam, also inhibited I(K).(ACh) activated by an intracellular loading of 100 µM guanosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS) in a concentration-dependent manner. The ascending order of IC(50) values for GTPγS-activated I(K).(ACh) was as follows; medazepam, diazepam, camazepam, lorazepam, triazolam chlordiazepoxide (>300 µM) and bromazepam (>300 µM). To clarify the molecular mechanism of the inhibition, IC(50) ratio, the ratio of IC(50) for GTPγS-activated I(K).(ACh) to carbachol-induced I(K).(ACh), was calculated. The IC(50) ratio for camazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, medazepam and triazolam was close to unity, while it for chlordiazepoxide could not be calculated. These compounds would act on the GTP binding protein and/or potassium channel to achieve the anticholinergic effects in atrial myocytes. In contrast, since the IC(50) ratio for bromazepam is presumably much higher than unity judging from the IC(50) values (104.0 ± 30.0 µM for carbachol-induced I(K).(ACh) and >300 µM for GTPγS-activated I(K).(ACh), it would act on the muscarinic receptor. In summary, benzodiazepines had the anticholinergic effects on atrial myocytes through inhibiting I(K).(ACh) by different molecular mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Muneyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakarai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matada
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000378:metabolism; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000166:cytology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002217:Carbachol; D011188:Potassium