title: Use of nanoparticular and soluble anionic celluloses in coagulation-flocculation treatment of kaolin suspension.
abstract: In this work, the effectiveness of a novel, combined coagulation-flocculation treatment based on alum and soluble or nanoparticular anionic derivatives of dialdehyde cellulose, ADAC, was evaluated by studying the removal of colloidal material in a model suspension containing kaolin. Four different ADACs with varying degrees of substitution, size and water solubility were synthesized by periodate oxidation and sulfonation of cellulose. The effects of ADAC dosage, solution pH and temperature on flocculation were studied by measuring residual turbidity of the settled suspension. Moreover, the charge densities, sizes, ζ-potentials and stability of the ADACs in aqueous solutions were studied. The combined treatment was effective in the removal of colloidal particles, as demonstrated by reduced residual turbidity with remarkably lower total chemical consumption compared with coagulation with alum alone. Of the ADACs, samples with lower solubility that contained cellulose nanoparticles performed better than the fully water-soluble sample. Due to the restricted pH tolerance of alum, the combined treatment was effective only at acidic conditions (pH < 5), although the ADACs were found to be stable in a much broader pH range (pH of 3 to about 9). ADACs also retained strong activity at higher temperatures (30-60 °C) and after several days of storage in aqueous solution.
authors.affiliation: Fiber and Particle Engineering Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. henrikki.liimatainen@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Henrikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liimatainen
authors.forename: Juho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sirviö
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sundman
authors.forename: Osmo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hormi
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niinimäki
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007616:Kaolin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007616:Kaolin; D002482:Cellulose