title: miR-10a is aberrantly overexpressed in Nucleophosmin1 mutated acute myeloid leukaemia and its suppression induces cell death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) mutation is a major subtype of AML. The NPM1 mutation induces a myeloproliferative disorder, but evidence indicates that other insults are necessary for the development of AML. We utilised microRNA microarrays and functional assays to determine if microRNA dysregulation could be involved in the pathogenesis of in NPM1 mutated (NPM1mut)-AML.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used a stringent locked nucleic acid (LNA) based microRNA microarray platform to profile bone marrow samples of patients with normal karyotype AML. A panel of five microRNAs dichotomised AML patients according to their NPM1 mutational status. miR-10a, let-7b and let-7c were significantly over-expressed, while miR-130a and miR-335 were under-expressed in NPM1mut-AML when compared to NPM1wildtype-AML. Of these, miR-10a is the most differentially expressed in NPM1mut-AML versus NPM1wildtype-AML (> 10 fold higher as confirmed by qRT-PCR). To investigate the functions of miR-10a, the OCI-AML3 cell line was utilised, which is the only commercially available cell line bearing NPM1mut. OCI-AML3 cells were firstly demonstrated to have a similarly high miR-10a expression to primary NPM1mut-AML patient samples. Inhibition of miR-10a expression by miRCURY LNA Inhibitors (Exiqon) in these cells resulted in increased cell death as assessed by MTS, cell cycle and Annexin-V assays and reduced clonogenic capacity, indicative of an involvement in leukaemic cell survival. In silico filtering of bioinformatically predicted targets of miR-10a identified a number of potential mRNA targets with annotated functions in haematopoiesis, cell growth and apoptosis. Lucferase reporter assays confirmed a number of these putative tumorogenic genes that are miR-10a suppressible including KLF4 and RB1CC1. This provides a potential mechanism for the pathogenic role of miR-10a in NPM1mut-AML.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides, for the first time, in vitro evidence of a pro-survival role of miR-10a in NPM1mut-AML, that it may contribute to the pathogenesis of NPM1mut-AML and identifies putative tumorogenic targets.
authors.affiliation: Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Catalina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jayaswal
authors.forename: Yee Wa
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lutherborrow
authors.forename: David Df
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; C547183:MIRN10 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D000090243:Nucleophosmin