title: Dissecting the relative contribution of central versus peripheral opioid analgesia: are the analgesic and adverse effects of opioids inseparable?
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ringkamp
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Raja
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008139:Loperamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D008139:Loperamide; D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl