title: Identification and quantitative confirmation of dinitropyrenes and 3-nitrobenzanthrone as major mutagens in contaminated sediments.
abstract: Polar fractions of a sediment extract of the industrial area of Bitterfeld, Germany, have been subjected for effect-directed identification of mutagens using the Ames fluctuation assay with TA98. Mutagenicity could be well recovered in several secondary and tertiary fractions. Dinitropyrenes and 3-nitrobenzanthrone could be confirmed to contribute great shares of the observed mutagenicity. In addition, a multitude of polar polycyclic aromatic compounds has been tentatively identified in mutagenic fractions including nitro-PAHs, azaarenes, ketones, quinones, hydroxy-compounds, lactones and carboxylic acids although their contribution to mutagenicity could not be quantified due to a lack of standards. Diagnostic Salmonella strains YG1024 and YG1041 were applied to confirm the contribution of nitro-aromatic compounds. We suggest the inclusion of dinitropyrenes and 3-nitrobenzanthrone into sediment monitoring in order to minimize the mutagenic risk to aquatic organisms and to human health.
authors.affiliation: UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Urte
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lübcke-von Varel
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bataineh
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lohrmann
authors.forename: Ivonne
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Löffler
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Sini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flückiger-Isler
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neca
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machala
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brack
mesh_terms: D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes; D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C117220:3-nitrobenzanthrone