title: MR imaging of ore for heap bioleaching studies using pure phase encode acquisition methods.
abstract: Various MRI techniques were considered with respect to imaging of aqueous flow fields in low grade copper ore. Spin echo frequency encoded techniques were shown to produce unacceptable image distortions which led to pure phase encoded techniques being considered. Single point imaging multiple point acquisition (SPI-MPA) and spin echo single point imaging (SESPI) techniques were applied. By direct comparison with X-ray tomographic images, both techniques were found to be able to produce distortion-free images of the ore packings at 2 T. The signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of the SESPI images were found to be superior to SPI-MPA for equal total acquisition times; this was explained based on NMR relaxation measurements. SESPI was also found to produce suitable images for a range of particles sizes, whereas SPI-MPA SNR deteriorated markedly as particles size was reduced. Comparisons on a 4.7 T magnet showed significant signal loss from the SPI-MPA images, the effect of which was accentuated in the case of unsaturated flowing systems. Hence it was concluded that SESPI was the most robust imaging method for the study of copper ore heap leaching hydrology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK. maf52@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Marijke A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sederman
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Johns
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008669:Metallurgy; D010316:Particle Size; D011846:Radio Waves; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D012995:Solubility; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D003300:Copper