title: The neuraminidase and matrix genes of the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 virus cooperate functionally to facilitate efficient replication and transmissibility in pigs.
abstract: The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) contains neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (M) genes from Eurasian avian-like swine influenza viruses (SIVs), with the remaining six genes from North American triple-reassortant SIVs. To characterize the role of the pH1N1 NA and M genes in pathogenesis and transmission, their impact was evaluated in the background of an H1N1 triple-reassortant (tr1930) SIV in which the HA (H3) and NA (N2) of influenza A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 virus were replaced with those from the classical H1N1 A/swine/Iowa/15/30 (1930) virus. The laboratory-adapted 1930 virus did not shed nor transmit in pigs, but tr1930 was able to shed in infected pigs. The NA, M or both genes of the tr1930 virus were then substituted by those of pH1N1. The resulting virus with both NA and M from pH1N1 grew to significantly higher titre in cell cultures than the viruses with single NA or M from pH1N1. In a pig model, only the virus containing both NA and M from pH1N1 was transmitted to and infected sentinels, whereas the viruses with single NA or M from pH1N1 did not. These results demonstrate that the right combination of NA and M genes is critical for the replication and transmissibility of influenza viruses in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Qinfang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Bhupinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Chuanling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Wenbao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Huigang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Jingqun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Webby
authors.affiliation: Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Sastre
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Jürgen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C488936:M1 protein, Influenza A virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C487630:NA protein, influenza A virus; D009439:Neuraminidase