title: Perinatal exposure to xenoestrogens impairs mammary gland differentiation and modifies milk composition in Wistar rats.
abstract: The current study examined the consequences of perinatal (gestation+lactation) exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) on F1 mammary gland (MG) differentiation. BPA (0, 0.7 or 64 μg/kg bw/day) or DES (6 μg/kg bw/day) was administered in the drinking water of F0 rats from gestational day 9 (GD9) until weaning. F1 females were bred, MG samples obtained on GD18 and GD21, and, during lactation, milk yield and milk protein composition were assessed. On GD18, there was a decrease in α-lactalbumin and β-casein levels that was accompanied by reduced prolactin receptor and Stat5a/b expression. On GD21, delayed histological MG differentiation was observed. β-Casein levels remained decreased on GD21 and in milk samples. Moreover, the BPA- and DES-exposed groups had an altered milk yield pattern during lactation. The long-lasting effects of perinatal exposure to low doses of xenoestrogens included delayed MG differentiation, altered milk yield and modified milk composition.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Tumores Hormonodependientes, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: Gabriela A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Altamirano
authors.forename: Verónica L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bosquiazzo
authors.forename: Enrique H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Luque
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-de-Toro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000633:toxicity*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002364:Caseins; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds