title: Interventions for atrophic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic nasal pathology characterised by the formation of thick dry crusts in a roomy nasal cavity, which has resulted from progressive atrophy of the nasal mucosa and underlying bone. The common symptoms may include foetor, ozaena, crusting/nasal obstruction, epistaxis, anosmia/cacosmia and secondary infection with maggot infestation. Its prevalence varies in different regions of the world and it is common in tropical countries. The condition is predominantly seen in young and middle-aged adults, especially females, with a racial preference amongst Asians, Hispanics and African-Americans. A wide variety of treatment modalities have been described in the literature, however the mainstay of treatment is conservative (for example, nasal irrigation and douches; nose drops (e.g. glucose-glycerine, liquid paraffin); antibiotics and antimicrobials; vasodilators and prostheses). Surgical treatment aims to decrease the size of the nasal cavities, promote regeneration of normal mucosa, increase lubrication of dry nasal mucosa and improve the vascularity of the nasal cavities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of interventions for atrophic rhinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 28 March 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying any treatment or combination of treatments in patients with atrophic rhinitis. We excluded studies with follow-up of less than five months following treatment/intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three review authors abstracted and assessed studies. We tabulated and then compared the responses of the review authors separately for the individual studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. We identified one RCT comparing oral rifampicin plus nasal wash versus nasal submucosal placentrex injection plus nasal wash versus a control group (nasal wash) but had to exclude this study due to inadequate length of follow-up. A further RCT comparing Young's operation with nasal lubrication for primary atropic rhinitis is underway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence from randomised controlled trials concerning the long-term benefits or risks of different treatment modalities for atrophic rhinitis. Further high-quality research into this chronic disease, with a longer follow-up period, is therefore required to establish this conclusively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India. anupampenn@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawatra
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gola
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012222:Rhinitis, Atrophic / Q000628:therapy*