title: Continual improvement in ventilator acquired pneumonia bundle compliance: a retrospective case matched review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe the population of people who acquired ventilator acquired pneumonia and determine the feasibility of a larger scale study to assess the degree to which bundle compliance reduces or even eliminates, the risk of ventilator acquired pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective matched case note review was conducted to scrutinise 10 VAP cases. Cases were matched with two controls for age, gender, APACHE score and number of ventilated days. Compliance with the VAP bundle was determined by extracting data on compliance from case notes. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios with confidence intervals which were utilised to determine numbers needed for a larger study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general intensive care unit within a 750 bedded district general hospital, serving a population of approximately 270,000 people in Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome variable of interest was ventilator acquired pneumonia and the independent variable was ventilator acquired pneumonia bundle compliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Binary logistic regression suggested that cases which did not receive the bundle reliably were more likely to develop ventilator acquired pneumonia (OR 1.33, confidence interval (CI) 0.28-6.30). Statistical results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size, which is demonstrated with the wide ranging confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wide confidence intervals enable only a cursory impression as to numbers that would be required for a full scale trial. Nonetheless, the effect size indicated in this paper contributes towards consideration as to numbers needed for future studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Rd, Inverness IV2 3JH, United Kingdom. michelle.beattie@stir.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019091:Critical Pathways; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012606:Scotland; D017749:Total Quality Management