title: Complete mitochondrial genome sequence from an endangered Indian snake, Python molurus molurus (Serpentes, Pythonidae).
abstract: This paper reports the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of an endangered Indian snake, Python molurus molurus (Indian Rock Python). A typical snake mitochondrial (mt) genome of 17258 bp length comprising of 37 genes including the 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes along with duplicate control regions is described herein. The P. molurus molurus mt. genome is relatively similar to other snake mt. genomes with respect to gene arrangement, composition, tRNA structures and skews of AT/GC bases. The nucleotide composition of the genome shows that there are more A-C % than T-G% on the positive strand as revealed by positive AT and CG skews. Comparison of individual protein coding genes, with other snake genomes suggests that ATP8 and NADH3 genes have high divergence rates. Codon usage analysis reveals a preference of NNC codons over NNG codons in the mt. genome of P. molurus. Also, the synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (ka/ks) suggest that most of the protein coding genes are under purifying selection pressure. The phylogenetic analyses involving the concatenated 13 protein coding genes of P. molurus molurus conformed to the previously established snake phylogeny.
authors.affiliation: National DNA Analysis Centre, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, 30-Gorachand Road, Kolkata, 700 014 West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Bhawna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Meganathan
authors.forename: Ikramul
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haque
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017821:Boidae / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000235:genetics; D056727:Endangered Species; D023061:Gene Order; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I