title: Efficacy of two insecticides for protecting loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) from subcortical beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae and Cerambycidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tests were conducted on two insecticides (carbaryl and bifenthrin) for excluding subcortical beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae and Cerambycidae) from loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.). Two trap designs (single- and double-pane windows) and two trapping heights (1.5 and 4 m) were also evaluated for maximizing beetle catches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In July 2009, 15 loblolly pine trees were double girdled and were either left unsprayed or sprayed with carbaryl or bifenthrin. A total of 28 473 bark beetles were caught in window traps, including Ips avulsus Eichoff, I. grandicollis (Eichhoff), I. calligraphus (Germar) and Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier). Both insecticides significantly reduced colonization of the trees by bark and woodboring beetles by 300-400%, with no differences in efficacy observed between the two insecticides. About 59% more I. avulsus were caught in double- than in single-pane window traps, with no differences for any other species. Traps at 4 m caught more I. avulsus and I. grandicollis (290 and 153% respectively), while traps at 1.5 m caught more D. terebrans (215%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Either bifenthrin or carbaryl can be used to exclude subcortical beetles from loblolly pine trees. Trapping data reflect known vertical partitioning on the bole by these insects. Double-pane traps were slightly more effective than single-pane traps in catching subcortical beetles.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. jordan.lewis.burke@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jordan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hanula
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Jackson P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Audley
authors.forename: Kamal J K
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gandhi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012721:Carbaryl; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides; D041603:Pinus taeda; D011722:Pyrethrins; D048889:Weevils
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C099952:bifenthrin; D012721:Carbaryl