title: Interplay between the cellular autophagy machinery and positive-stranded RNA viruses.
abstract: Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that acts as a key regulator in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Recent studies implicate an important role for autophagy in infection and immunity by removing invading pathogens and through modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. However, several pathogens, notably some positive-stranded RNA viruses, have subverted autophagy to their own ends. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how viruses with a positive-stranded RNA genome interact with the host autophagy machinery to control their replication and spread. We review the mechanisms underlying the induction of autophagy and discuss the pro- and anti-viral functions of autophagy and the potential mechanisms involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Junyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Honglin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D000071192:Autophagy-Related Protein 12; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000502:physiology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C466624:ATG12 protein, human; C502778:ATG5 protein, human; D000071192:Autophagy-Related Protein 12; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases