title: Immunohistochemical detection of cyclin E in transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is known that expression disorders of cell cycle regulators play an important role in the development and prognosis of various malignant tumors. Cyclin expression changes during the cell cycle. This work aimed to analyse the expression of cyclin E in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and also to compare the expression of cyclin E with tumor stage and histological grade as well as to determine possible existence of differences in the expression of cyclin E in TCCs of the upper and lower urothelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four cases of TCC of the urinary tract were retrospectively analysed (6 cancers of the renal pelvis, 2 of the ureter and 15 of the bladder; 4 were infiltrative). Immunohistochemical staining for cyclin E of the analysed transitional cancer cells was assessed semiquantitatively: diffuse cyclin E expression + + + (> 50% of all cells), expression in larger groups of cells: + + (up to 50% of all cells), expression in individual cells or small cell clusters: + (<10% of all cells), and absence of expression. Tumor stage was based on clinical and morphological criteria. WHO classification (Lyon 2004) was used for determination of the histological grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-parametric Spearman's correlation showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between tumor stage and expression of cyclin E (ρ = -0331, p> 0.05). Also, no statistically significant correlation between grade and the expression of cyclin E (ρ = -0077, p> 0.05) was found. x2 test results showed no statistically significant difference (x2 = 2.136, p = 0.775) in the expression of cyclin E between upper and lower urothelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed non significant decreased expression of cyclin E with poor differentiation, muscle invasion and upper/lower urothelium. Expression of cyclin E decreased with increasing histological grade and stage of the tumor.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. jbogdanovic@ptt.rs
authors.forename: Lj
authors.initials: Lj
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radojevic-Skodric
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spasic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milenkovic
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puskas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basta-Jovanovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019927:Cyclin E