title: Lobeline for smoking cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lobeline is a partial nicotine agonist, which has been used in a variety of commercially available preparations to help stop smoking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effects of lobeline on long term smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register (most recent search December 2011).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trials comparing lobeline to placebo or an alternative therapeutic control, which reported smoking cessation with at least six months follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  We extracted data in duplicate on the type of subjects, the dose and form of lobeline, the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified no trials meeting the full inclusion criteria including long term follow-up. One large trial failed to detect any effect on short-term abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence available from long term trials that lobeline can aid smoking cessation, and the short-term evidence suggests there is no benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. lindsay.stead@phc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lindsay F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Stead
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008120:Lobeline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention
chemical_list: D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D008120:Lobeline