title: Bathing and cleaning practices in the camp of Jalozai Pakistan, for internally displaced people, based on Sphere Standards and Indicators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the bathing and cleaning practice, based on Sphere Standards and Indicators, of internally displaced people in the camp of Jalozai, Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive cross sectional survey was done in displaced population of Jalozai camp Nowshera from February to September 2010. Systematic Random Sampling was done (10% of Phase II Population). Study unit was a single family residing in the camp. A customized structured questionnaire was administered to households and information as recorded by the researchers. Informed consent and confidentiality was maintained while interviewing the household.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although 97% (n=111) families were using soap for bathing but surprisingly none of them were on required Sphere Standards. Similarly 93% (n=107) were using laundry soaps and 49% (n=56) were using washing powder but again were not fulfilling the standards. It was discovered based on our survey that 64% (n=71) displaced people were not using anything for cleaning their children and none were using washable nappies. It was also observed that 99% (n=114) were using toothpastes and other local means for dental hygiene. Less than 10 toothpastes/year were provided to 79% families while 21% (n=24) were not provided at all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our survey population was not on required SPHERE standards for sufficient bathing and laundry soap and they had no access to sufficient amount of toothbrush and toothpaste. Children were not provided with washable nappies or diapers.
authors.affiliation: Improving Quality of Health Care Services in Khyber PakhtunKhwa (IQHCS), Department of Health, Government of Khyber PakhtunKhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qayum
authors.forename: Ali Haider
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Adil
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haqqani
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Tajdar Alam
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001494:Baths / Q000592:standards*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene / Q000592:standards*; D010154:Pakistan; D012036:Refugees; D012066:Relief Work; D012915:Soaps / Q000600:supply & distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000600:supply & distribution
chemical_list: D012915:Soaps; D014100:Toothpastes