title: Bangladeshi backyard poultry raisers' perceptions and practices related to zoonotic transmission of avian influenza.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus (known as "bird flu") is an important public health concern due to its potential to infect humans and cause a human pandemic. Bangladesh is a high-risk country for an influenza pandemic because of its dense human population, widespread backyard poultry raising, and endemic H5N1 infection in poultry. Understanding poultry raisers' perceived risks and identifying their risk exposures can help to develop interventions to reduce the risk of avian influenza transmission. This paper explores the perception of Bangladeshi backyard poultry raisers regarding poultry sickness and zoonotic disease transmission and relevant practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a qualitative study using social mapping (n=2), in-depth interviews (n=40), household mapping (n=40) and observation (n=16), in two backyard poultry-raising communities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The poultry raisers recognized various signs of poultry illness but they did not distinguish among diseases using biomedical classifications. They perceived disease transmission from poultry to poultry, but not from poultry to humans. They usually kept sick poultry under the bed. If the poultry did not recover, they were slaughtered and consumed or sold. The poultry raisers had close contact with sick birds while handling and slaughtering poultry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The poultry raisers are unlikely to follow instructions from health authorities to prevent "bird flu" transmission because many of the instructions ask low-income producers to change their existing practices and require time, money, and financial loss. Villagers are more likely to comply with interventions that help to protect their flocks and address their financial interest.
authors.affiliation: Center for Communicable Diseases, ICCDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. rebeca@icddrb.org
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: Nadia Ali
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rimi
authors.forename: Shamim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azad
authors.forename: M Saiful
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: M Salah Uddin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: Nazmun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Luby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001459:Bangladesh; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D011200:Poultry; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D055815:Young Adult; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C077976:raiser