title: Lichtenstein, prolene hernia system, and UltraPro Hernia System for primary inguinal hernia repair: one-year outcome of a prospective randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal technique for open inguinal hernia repair is yet to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and nine male patients [median of 60 years (range, 31-75)] undergoing primary open inguinal hernia repair in local anesthesia and day-care surgery were randomly allocated to operation with the Lichtenstein technique (L), Prolene Hernia System (PHS), or UltraPro Hernia System (UHS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  [Median (IQR)] There were no differences in operating time [47 (40-58) vs. 50 (40-57) and 50 (42-56) min in groups L, PHS, and UHS, respectively], intra- or postoperative complications, time until return to normal workload (8 (4-14) vs. 9 (4-14), and 8 (4-14) days) or occurrence of chronic pain at 12 months (15 vs. 12, and 13 patients). Self-reported physical quality of life (SF-36) was reduced compared to matched controls preoperatively and increased similarly to levels not different from controls in all groups at 12 months postoperatively. There was one recurrence in each group during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Lichtenstein technique, PHS, and UHS seem all acceptable approaches for open inguinal hernia repair in local anesthesia and day-care surgery regarding perioperative course, rehabilitation, complications, recurrence rates, development of chronic groin pain, and improvement in quality of life after 12 months. However, due to reduced costs and lack of need for the exploration of the preperitoneal space, the Lichtenstein technique should be recommended as first choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. jesper.magnusson@erstadiakoni.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thorell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology; D003289:Convalescence; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013997:Time Factors