title: Association between temperament in terms of the Regulative Theory of Temperament and DRD4 and DAT1 gene polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a study of the association between DRD4 exon III VNTR and DAT1 3'-untranslated region polymorphisms on the one hand and temperament assessed with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory on the other hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was run on 418 participants (314 women and 104 men) aged 18 to 55 years sampled from healthy male and female volunteers recruited from inhabitants of the Warsaw metropolis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main effects of sex were found for briskness (F(1,417) = 9.05, P = .003, η(2) = 0.022), perseveration (F(1,417) = 37.83, P < .001, η(2) = 0.085), sensory sensitivity (F(1,417) = 14.16, P < .001, η(2) = 0.003), and emotional reactivity (F(1,417) = 34.67, P < .001, η(2) = 0.078). A significant main effect of DAT1 variant was also found for sensory sensitivity (F(1,417) = 7.36, P = .007, η(2) = 0.018). No main effects of DRD4 on any of the analyzed temperament traits were found. A significant interaction of sex and DRD4 variant was found for sensory sensitivity (F(1,417) = 5.68, P = .018, η(2) = 0.014). No significant 3-way interactions (DAT1 × DRD4 × sex) were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant main effect of DAT1 polymorphism on sensory sensitivity and a significant interactive sex/DRD4 effect on that same trait were found.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. wlodek@psych.uw.edu.pl
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oniszczenko
authors.forename: Wojciech Ł
authors.initials: WŁ
authors.lastname: Dragan
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality / Q000235:genetics*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics*; D013694:Temperament
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4