title: Intertransversalis fascia approach in urologic laparoscopic operations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical anatomy of the transversalis fascia (TF) and to explore the intertransversalis fascia approach in urologic laparoscopic operations (ULOs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two academic hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 1217 urologic laparoscopic or open operations and 10 laparoscopic hernia repairs were analyzed between January 1, 2009, and April 30, 2011. Findings from 3 fresh autopsies were also included.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anatomy of the TF was studied and the intertransversalis fascia approach was explored in ULOs; furthermore, they were proved in the open operations and fresh autopsies. Photographs were taken from the intertransversalis fascia approach in ULOs, micrographs were obtained to examine the microscopic structure of the TF, and the color atlas of TF anatomy (cross and sagittal sections) was drawn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TF is a general plane of connective tissue lying between the inner surface of the transversus abdominis and the extraperitoneal fat. It can be divided into 2 layers (superficial and deep), with an amorphous fibroareolar space between them. The intertransversalis fascia approach in ULOs is the approach between the 2 layers of the TF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intertransversalis fascia approach is described for the first time, to our knowledge. Surgeons can obtain a clean, clear, and bloodless operating space in ULOs using the intertransversalis fascia approach.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplant of Chinese PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yeyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Baofa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Bingyi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods