title: Has Kahlbaum syndrome disappeared or is it underdiagnosed? Reexamining the nosology of catatonia.
abstract: In contemporary psychiatric classification such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, catatonia is classified as a subtype of schizophrenia and not as an independent disorder. However, catatonia does not seem to obey nosological boundaries and is seen with both affective and nonaffective psychoses. We conducted a chart review of patients to examine the nosological status of catatonia. Our data suggest that catatonia is a syndrome of varied manifestation possibly related to both affective and nonaffective psychoses with a subgroup independent of both. Further prospective studies examining the natural course are needed, which could have significant implications on future classificatory systems.
authors.forename: Naren P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kasal
authors.forename: Narayan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mutalik
authors.forename: Rishikesh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Behere
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venkatasubramanian
authors.forename: Shivarama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varambally
authors.forename: Bangalore N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gangadhar
mesh_terms: D002389:Catatonia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications