title: Chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear microsatellites from the southern Appalachian hornwort, Nothoceros aenigmaticus (Dendrocerotaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New microsatellite primers were developed for testing genetic differentiation within Nothoceros aenigmaticus and their potential use in other Nothoceros species. The microsatellites are designed to investigate partitioning of genetic variation in a taxon with a peculiar sex allopatry in the southern Appalachian Mountains and relationships with conspecific sexual populations from Mexico.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used two methods for microsatellite development: an enriched library and second-generation shotgun sequence reads. From these two methods, a total of nine primer pairs were selected and tested on 89 southern Appalachian N. aenigmaticus accessions, nine Mexican accessions, and 16 N. vincentianus accessions. Three mitochondrial loci were recovered from the enriched library method and six loci from 454 shotgun sequencing: three were from the chloroplast and three from the nucleus. The primers amplified repeats with two to 20 alleles per locus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New microsatellite primers were developed for testing genetic differentiation within N. aenigmaticus and potentially for use in other Nothoceros species. We present one of the first reports of highly polymorphic mitochondrial microsatellites in plants.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA. jcarlos.villarreal@gmail.com
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Villarreal
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goffinet
mesh_terms: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D018744:DNA, Plant