title: Sustained effects of a mindfulness-based stress-reduction intervention in type 2 diabetic patients: design and first results of a randomized controlled trial (the Heidelberger Diabetes and Stress-study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention is effective for reducing psychosocial distress (i.e., depression, psychosocial stress) and the progression of nephropathy (i.e., albuminuria) and for improving the subjective health status of patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria were randomized to a mindfulness-based intervention (n = 53) or a treatment-as-usual control (n = 57) group. The study is designed to investigate long-term outcomes over a period of 5 years. We present data up to the first year of follow-up (FU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At FU, the MBSR group showed lower levels of depression (d = 0.71) and improved health status (d = 0.54) compared with the control group. No significant differences in albuminuria were found. Per-protocol analysis also showed higher stress reduction in the intervention group (d = 0.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MBSR intervention achieved a prolonged reduction in psychosocial distress. The effects on albuminuria will be followed up further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. mechthild.hartmann@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Mechthild
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopf
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Faude-Lang
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Djuric
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Augstein
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Friederich
authors.forename: Meinhard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kieser
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bierhaus
authors.forename: Per M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Humpert
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nawroth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome