title: Pectoralis minor muscle transfer for unilateral facial palsy reanimation: an experience of 35 years and 637 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Free functional muscle transfers are often the treatment of choice for facial reanimation. We describe our experience with 637 cases over a 35-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected prospectively on all case undergoing functional muscle transfer for unilateral facial paralysis. Results were judged by the operating surgeon and an Independent panel of four observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  354 patients had an excellent result as judged by the surgeon. An independent panel rated patients to have a significant change pre- and post-operatively comparing their Hay's scores (p < 0.001, t-test). 27.2% of patients required revisional procedures. 13.3% of patients developed late onset tightness of the transferred muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facial reanimation with functional muscle transfers is a complex procedure and provides a significant improvement for the patient to display humour and emotion.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Douglas H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Adriaan O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Grobbelaar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016067:Nerve Transfer / Q000379:methods; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012086:Reoperation; D012904:Smiling; D016896:Treatment Outcome