title: A point mutation in the DNA-binding domain of HPV-2 E2 protein increases its DNA-binding capacity and reverses its transcriptional regulatory activity on the viral early promoter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a multifunctional DNA-binding protein. The transcriptional activity of HPV E2 is mediated by binding to its specific binding sites in the upstream regulatory region of the HPV genomes. Previously we reported a HPV-2 variant from a verrucae vulgaris patient with huge extensive clustered cutaneous, which have five point mutations in its E2 ORF, L118S, S235P, Y287H, S293R and A338V. Under the control of HPV-2 LCR, co-expression of the mutated HPV E2 induced an increased activity on the viral early promoter. In the present study, a series of mammalian expression plasmids encoding E2 proteins with one to five amino acid (aa) substitutions for these mutations were constructed and transfected into HeLa, C33A and SiHa cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAT expression assays indicated that the enhanced promoter activity was due to the co-expressions of the E2 constructs containing A338V mutation within the DNA-binding domain. Western blots analysis demonstrated that the transiently transfected E2 expressing plasmids, regardless of prototype or the A338V mutant, were continuously expressed in the cells. To study the effect of E2 mutations on its DNA-binding activity, a serial of recombinant E2 proteins with various lengths were expressed and purified. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that the binding affinity of E2 protein with A338V mutation to both an artificial probe with two E2 binding sites or HPV-2 and HPV-16 promoter-proximal LCR sequences were significantly stronger than that of the HPV-2 prototype E2. Furthermore, co-expression of the construct containing A338V mutant exhibited increased activities on heterologous HPV-16 early promoter P97 than that of prototype E2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the mutation from Ala to Val at aa 338 is critical for E2 DNA-binding and its transcriptional regulation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ming-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yan-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Li-Qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Hui-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yu-Kang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Gui-Xiang
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; C076036:oncogene protein E2, Human papillomavirus type 1; D004247:DNA