title: High-glycemic index carbohydrates abrogate the antiobesity effect of fish oil in mice.
abstract: Fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is known to attenuate diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in rodents. Here we aimed to investigate whether different carbohydrate sources modulated the antiobesity effects of fish oil. By feeding C57BL/6J mice isocaloric high-fat diets enriched with fish oil for 6 wk, we show that increasing amounts of sucrose in the diets dose-dependently increased energy efficiency and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. Mice receiving fructose had about 50% less WAT mass than mice fed a high fish oil diet supplemented with either glucose or sucrose, indicating that the glucose moiety of sucrose was responsible for the obesity-promoting effect of sucrose. To investigate whether the obesogenic effect of sucrose and glucose was related to stimulation of insulin secretion, we combined fish oil with high and low glycemic index (GI) starches. Mice receiving the fish oil diet containing the low-GI starch had significantly less WAT than mice fed high-GI starch. Moreover, inhibition of insulin secretion by administration of nifedipine significantly reduced WAT mass in mice fed a high-fish oil diet in combination with sucrose. Our data show that the macronutrient composition of the diet modulates the effects of fish oil. Fish oil combined with sucrose, glucose, or high-GI starch promotes obesity, and the reported anti-inflammatory actions of fish oil are abrogated. In conclusion, our data indicate that glycemic control of insulin secretion modulates metabolic effects of fish oil by demonstrating that high-GI carbohydrates attenuate the antiobesity effects of fish oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Haldis H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lillefosse
authors.forename: Even
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fjaere
authors.forename: Lene Secher
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Myrmel
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Midtbø
authors.forename: Ragnhild H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Jarlsby
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bingbing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Rasmus K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Si B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sonne
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chwalibog
authors.forename: Livar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frøyland
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liaset
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005947:Glucose; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013395:Sucrose
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005395:Fish Oils; D007328:Insulin; D013395:Sucrose; D005947:Glucose