title: The parametric, psychological, neuropsychological, and neuroanatomical properties of self and world evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As an individual moves from adolescence to adulthood, they need to form a new sense of self as their environment changes from a limited to a more expansive structure. During this critical stage in development the last dramatic steps of neural development occur and numerous psychiatric conditions begin to manifest. Currently, there is no measure that aids in the quantification of how the individual is adapting to, and conceptualizing their role in, these new structures. To fill this gap we created the Self and World Evaluation Expressions Test(SWEET).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five young adults (20.6 years-old), 36 with a history of drug use, completed the SWEET. A factor analysis was performed on the SWEET and the resultant factors were correlated with psychological, neuropsychological, and neuroanatomical battery that included both T1-wieghted and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WE DERIVED FOUR FACTORS: Self, Social-Emotional, Financial-Intellectual, and Spirituality. While showing limited relationships to psychological and neuropsychological measures, both white matter integrity and gray matter density showed significant relationships with SWEET factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that while individual responses may not be indicative of psychological or cognitive processes they may relate to changes in brain structure. Several of these structures, such as the negative correlation of the affective impact of world with the dorsal anterior corpus callosum white matter integrity have been observed in psychiatric conditions (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder). Further longitudinal research using the SWEET may help understand the impact of dramatic shifts in self/world conceptualization and potentially link these shifts to underlying changes in brain structure.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America. alan@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Alan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.forename: Andrea D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Spadoni
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Irina A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Strigo
authors.forename: Susan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tapert
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009445:Neuroanatomy; D009484:Neuropsychology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012655:Self-Evaluation Programs / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult