title: Retrorectal tumours: optimization of surgical approach and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to identify the radiological features of retrorectal tumours that influence management and to highlight technical points that facilitate safe surgical excision.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of patients was identified from a prospective database. All cases were discussed within a multidisciplinary team. Medical records, radiology and pathology reports were also checked retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients [37 women; median age 51 (20-88) years] underwent excision of retrorectal tumours between 2002 and 2010 under the care of one surgeon. Seventeen (37.5%) had a malignant tumour. The commonest symptom was pain or discomfort. Features identified after MRI that suggested malignancy included heterogenous signal intensity (15/17 malignant lesions vs 5/39 benign lesions), an irregular infiltrative margin (14/17 malignant lesions vs 4/39 benign lesions) and enhancement (14/17 malignant lesions vs 2/39 benign lesions) (all P < 0.05). An abdominal approach was used in 27 (48%) patients, a perineal/trans-sacral approach in 20 (36%) and a composite abdomino-sacral approach in nine (16%). The perineal approach was used if the tumours were below the middle of S3 without sacral, pelvic side-wall or visceral involvement. The three most common types of tumour were schwannoma (n = 11), tail gut cyst (n = 13) and chordoma (n = 9). Over a median follow-up period of 46 (6-90) months there were two local recurrences among the malignant tumours (both resected) and two deaths (both sarcomas).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging, avoidance of routine preoperative biopsy and careful clinical evaluation result in a good outcome after surgical excision of retrorectal tumours.
authors.affiliation: The John Goligher Colorectal Unit, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: D A L
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Macafee
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: El-Khoury
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hyland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome