title: The last frontier: innovative efforts to reduce colorectal cancer disparities among the remote Alaska Native population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Alaska Native (AN) population experiences twice the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) as does the U.S. white population. CRC screening allows early detection and prevention of cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe pilot projects conducted from 2005 to 2010 to increase CRC screening rates among AN populations living in rural and remote Alaska.
  
  
  METHODS
  Projects included training rural mid-level providers in flexible sigmoidoscopy, provision of itinerant endoscopy services at rural tribal health facilities, the creation and use of a CRC first-degree relative database to identify and screen individuals at increased risk, and support and implementation of screening navigator services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alaska Tribal Health System.
  
  
  METHODS
  AN population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Itinerant endoscopy, patient navigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  AN patients screened for CRC, colonoscopy quality measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result of these ongoing efforts, statewide AN CRC screening rates increased from 29% in 2000 to 41% in 2005 before the initiation of these projects and increased to 55% in 2010. The provision of itinerant CRC screening clinics increased rural screening rates, as did outreach to average-risk and increased-risk (family history) ANs by patient navigators. However, health care system barriers were identified as major obstacles to screening completion, even in the presence of dedicated patient navigators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuing challenges include geography, limited health system capacity, high staff turnover, and difficulty getting patients to screening appointments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The projects described here aimed to increase CRC screening rates in an innovative and sustainable fashion. The issues and solutions described may provide insight for others working to increase screening rates among geographically dispersed and diverse populations.
authors.affiliation: Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. dredwood@anthc.org
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Redwood
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Provost
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perdue
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haverkamp
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Espey
mesh_terms: D000413:Alaska / Q000453:epidemiology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012423:Rural Health