title: Low-frequency broadband sound source localization using an adaptive normal mode back-propagation approach in a shallow-water ocean.
abstract: A variety of localization methods with normal mode theory have been established for localizing low frequency (below a few hundred Hz), broadband signals in a shallow water environment. Gauss-Markov inverse theory is employed in this paper to derive an adaptive normal mode back-propagation approach. Joining with the maximum a posteriori mode filter, this approach is capable of separating signals from noisy data so that the back-propagation will not have significant influence from the noise. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the approach, along with comparisons to other methods. Applications to real data collected at the edge of the continental shelf off New Jersey, USA are presented, and the effects of water column fluctuations caused by nonlinear internal waves and shelfbreak front variability are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ytlin@whoi.edu
authors.forename: Ying-Tsong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Arthur E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Newhall
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lynch