title: [Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children and its relationship with the severity of asthma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure produces serious respiratory problems in childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate if environmental tobacco smoke affects the severity of asthma in asthmatic children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, multicentre study was conducted on asthmatic children and their parents in 2007-2008, using an exposure questionnaire, pulmonary function, level of cotinine in urine, and evaluation of the severity of asthma according to GEMA guide. The characteristics of the sample are summarised using the appropriate statistical tools, and the comparisons were made using the Pearson chi2 test, Mann-Whitney U test or Studentĭs t, according to the variable and number of groups compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and eighty four households in 7 Autonomous Communities were included. The population included, 61% male children with asthma, 56% with a smoking caregiver in their home, 34% fathers, 31% mothers and 17% both. Home exposure was 37%, with 11% daily and 94% passive smokers since birth. There was 20% with exposure during whole period of pregnancy of 5±1 cigarettes/day. Children exposed to 6±1 cigarettes/day, 27%, up to 10 cigarettes/day, and 10% to more than 10. Severity of asthma during the survey was worse among those exposed (episodic-occasional 47%, episodic-frequent 35% and persistent-moderate 18% versus 59%, 25% and 16%, respectively, P=.040). Severity of asthma in the last year was worse in those exposed (episodic - occasional 22%, episodic - frequent 37% and persistent - moderate 50% versus 38%, 28% and 25% respectively, P=.037). The spirometry was abnormal in 64% of the exposed against to 36% in the non-exposed for FEV(1) (P=.003, 63% vs 38% for FVC (P=.038), and 54% vs 46% for the PEF (P=.050). The cotinine was higher in exposed: 51 (0-524) ng/ml vs 27 (0-116) ng/ml (P=.032). A relationship was observed between cotinine and level of exposure: 120 (0-590) ng/ml for >10 cigarettes/day as opposed to 44 (0-103) ng/ml ≤10 cigarettes/day (P=.035), which corroborates the consistency of the data collected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exposure of children with asthma to environmental tobacco smoke has a highly negative effect on the severity of their asthma.
authors.affiliation: Dirección General de Salud Pública del Servicio Canario de la Salud, Servicio de Promoción de la Salud, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España. rsualop@gobiernodecanarias.org
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Suárez López de Vergara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galván Fernández
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliva Hernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Jaime
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aquirre-Jaime
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vázquez Moncholí
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution