title: Rhinoscleroma: a case series.
abstract: Rhinoscleroma is a chronic, slowly progressive, inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. It is associated with Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis infection. We present the clinical and pathological features of four patients diagnosed with rhinoscleroma at the National Skin Centre, Singapore between 1997 and 2010. All four patients presented with only cutaneous involvement, and the diagnosis was clinched via histological examination. The patients were treated with a combination of antibiotics. Two patients who were on follow-up at the time of this writing responded positively to the antibiotic treatment, while two were lost to follow-up. Rhinoscleroma is a diagnostic challenge, as it is an uncommon disease in Singapore and Malaysia. We highlight this condition to raise awareness of the disease in order to aid in early diagnosis of patients. Without treatment, this condition can result in significant complications, including involvement of the lower airways. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help to reduce morbidity.
authors.affiliation: National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore. symez@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Neoh
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D012226:Rhinoscleroma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004318:Doxycycline