title: Angina pectoris in patients with HIV/AIDS: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of ischemic heart disease is higher in patients with HIV/AIDS. However, the frequency of angina pectoris in these patients is still not known. Literature about this subject is still scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of angina pectoris and risk factors for coronary disease and to examine the association between traditional risk factors and HIV-related risk factors and angina pectoris.
  
  
  METHODS
  An epidemiological cross-sectional study, analyzed as case-control study, involving 584 patients with HIV/AIDS. Angina pectoris was identified by Rose questionnaire, classified as definite or possible. Information regarding risk factors was obtained through a questionnaire, biochemical laboratory tests, medical records and anthropometric measures taken during consultations at AIDS treatment clinics in Pernambuco, Brazil, from June 2007 to February 2008. To adjust the effect of each factor in relation to others, multiple logistic regression was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a preponderance of men (63.2%); mean ages were 39.8 years for men, 36.8 years for women. The prevalence of definite and possible angina were 11% and 9.4%, respectively, totaling 20.4%, with independent associations between angina and smoking (OR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.69-4.90), obesity (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 0.97-2.70), family history of heart attack (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.00-2.88), low schooling (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.24-3.59), and low monthly income (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.18-7.22), even after adjustment for age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that angina pectoris is underdiagnosed, even in patients with medical monitoring, revealing lost opportunities in identification and prevention of cardiovascular morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. claudiazirpoli@cardiol.br
authors.forename: Josefina Cláudia
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zirpoli
authors.forename: Heloisa Ramos
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.forename: Valéria Maria Gonçalves de
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Demócrito de Barros
authors.initials: Dde B
authors.lastname: Miranda Filho
authors.forename: Verônica Soares
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Isly Lucena
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: de Barros
authors.forename: Evanízio Roque
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: de Arruda Junior
authors.forename: Ulisses Ramos
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Montarroyos
authors.forename: Ricardo Arraes de Alencar
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ximenes
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult