title: Sequelae of iatrogenic periodontal destruction associated with elastics and permanent incisors: literature review and report of 3 cases.
abstract: The purpose of this paper was to report 3 cases of localized aggressive periodontal bone destruction related to improper use of orthodontic elastic bands to close diastemas in permanent anterior teeth and to compare the results to previous studies. Some common signs and symptoms of  this particular destruction were observed with these patients that had been previously reported when the comparisons of these cases were made. The patients usually experienced a painful sensation, and an isolated pyogenic-like granuloma appeared at the interdental area. Radiographs revealed  localized periodontal destruction, with tooth extrusion and clinical crown divergence and radiographic root convergence; the two involved teeth moved simultaneously during mobility testing. Surgical intervention and treatment of the cases was described. The prognosis is usually decided by  the severity of the condition, and many factors may influence the healing of treated cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. u800008@yahoo.com.tw
authors.forename: Yan-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shih-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsiang-Hsi
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D003970:Diastema / Q000628:therapy; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000209:etiology; D014098:Toothache / Q000209:etiology