title: [Preliminary studies on cell derivation of neovascularization in human glioma and its functional evaluation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The finding of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in many solid tumors indicates that tumor cells themselves could participate in the construction of tumor vessels. However the origin of these cells is still not fully elucidated, and whether these vessels have the ability of blood-supply is still unclear. Preliminary studies were performed to investigate whether part of tumor neovascularity is derived from tumor stem cells (TSCs) and whether TSCs-derived vessels are functional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transplanted glioma tissues obtained from subcutaneous and orthotopic transplantation nude mouse models were processed into paraffin sections. In order to identify the cell origin and types of tumor vessels, sections were stained with CD31, CD34, CD133, GFAP, Ki67 and HLA, respectively. CD34-PAS staining was performed as well. A part of tumor-bearing mice were perfused with activated carbon through the systemic circulation and the distribution of activated carbon was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD34-PAS staining showed that endothelium-dependent vessels (CD34(+), PAS(+)), VM vessels (CD34(-), PAS(+)), and the MVs (CD34(+), PAS(-)) could be seen in the transplantated tumors. Activated carbon particles were observed in all three types of vessels. CD31(+) cells adherent to the luminal surface of vessel wall. CD34(+) cells distributed along the vessels as well, but morphologically were more like a transition type between tumor cells and endothelial cells. Human specific Ki67 and HLA positive cells could be seen in the tumor vessels indicating that these vessels were derived from human tumor cells. Moreover, cells of tumor vessels were proved to be constructed by human tumor cells mainly and fusion cells of host cells and tumor cells under confocal microscope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three types of blood supply sources including endothelium-dependent vessels, vasculogenic mimicry (VMs) and mosaic vessels (MVs) exist in transplantation tumors of human glioma. Glioma stem and progenitor cells (GSCPs) have the potential to differentiate and transdifferentiate into VMs and MVs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China.
authors.forename: Xi-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Quan-bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ai-dong
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008833:Microcirculation; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010503:Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006680:HLA Antigens; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C000606024:Prom1 protein, mouse; D002244:Carbon