title: Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in relation to virulence genes and phylogenetic origins among urogenital Escherichia coli isolates from dogs and cats in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), identify extraintestinal virulence factors (VFs) and phylogenetic origins, and analyze relationships among these traits in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates from companion animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  104 E coli isolates obtained from urine or genital swab samples collected between 2003 and 2010 from 85 dogs and 19 cats with urogenital infections in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by use of the agar dilution method; a multiplex PCR assay was used for VF gene detection and phylogenetic group assessment. Genetic diversity was evaluated via randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 104 isolates, 45 (43.3%) were resistant to > 2 antimicrobials. Phylogenetically, 64 (61.5%), 22 (21.2%), 13 (12.5%), and 5 (4.8%) isolates belonged to groups B2, D, B1, and A, respectively. Compared with other groups, group B2 isolates were less resistant to all tested antimicrobials and carried the pap, hly, and cnf genes with higher frequency and the aer gene with lower frequency. The aer gene was directly associated and the pap, sfa, hly, and cnf genes were inversely associated with AMR. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis revealed 3 major clusters, comprised mainly of group B1, B2, and D isolates; 2 subclusters of group B2 isolates had different VF and AMR status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE; Prevalences of multidrug resistance and human-like phylogenetic origins among ExPEC isolates from companion animals in Japan were high. It is suggested that VFs, phylogenetic origins, and genetic diversity are significantly associated with AMR in ExPEC.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan. k-harada@nvlu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niina
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D007564:Japan; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D010802:Phylogeny; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D060737:Reproductive Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents