title: Diabetes-impaired wound healing and altered macrophage activation: a possible pathophysiologic correlation.
abstract: Macrophages play a critical role in wound healing and can be activated to two distinctive phenotypes in vitro: classical macrophage activation (caM) and alternative macrophage activation (aaM). This study investigated whether the impaired cutaneous repair observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was associated with altered macrophage activation. Our results show that macrophage activation phenotypes could be observed in wound healing through double immunostaining. The caM macrophages appeared in the initial stage of wound healing, followed by aaM macrophages, which predominated in normal wounds. However, through examining markers associated with activation by immunoblotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), diabetic wounds demonstrated insufficient caM in the early stage but excessive aaM in the later proliferative phase. Moreover, the macrophage activation markers were correlated with the instructive T helper cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines in both groups. It was indicated that changed macrophage activation might contribute to impaired healing in diabetes wounds, and that strategies for reverting this abnormal activation could be useful for enhancing the wound healing process.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burn Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mingyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.forename: Shuliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12