title: Immunohistochemical detection of uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation.
abstract: We immunohistochemically examined the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen-activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) using venous thrombi developed by ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in mice. The uPA-, tPA- and PAI-1-positive cells could be firstly detected 5, 7, and 3 days, respectively, after IVC ligation. Morphometrically, the number of PAI-1-positive cells was significantly higher than those of uPA- and tPA-positive cells at later than 7 days. In all of the thrombus samples aged 10-21 days, the uPA/PAI-1 and tPA/PAI-1 ratios were >0.1 and >0.2, respectively. In contrast, all of the thrombus samples aged 1-7 days had uPA/PAI-1 of <0.1 and tPA/PAI-1 ratios of <0.2. These findings implied that uPA/PAI-1 of >0.1 and tPA/PAI-1 of >0.2 indicated an age of 10 days or more. Moreover, in four of five samples aged 10 days, uPA/PAI-1 ratios were <0.3, and the remaining one had uPA/PAI-1 of 0.32. All thrombi aged 14-21 days showed values greater than 0.3. Thus, uPA/PAI-1 ratios, markedly exceeding 0.3, strongly indicated an age of more than 14 days. The present study demonstrated that the immunohistochemical detection of uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 was suitable to estimate the age of venous thrombi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nosaka
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuninaka
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator