title: Brain cortical thickness in ADHD: age, sex, and clinical correlations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown reduced cortical thickness (CT) in individuals with ADHD, but this abnormality disappears with age, suggesting developmental delay. However, cross-sectional MRI studies have shown reduced CT, suggesting abnormal development. The aim of this study was to compare whole-brain CT in male and female children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD with whole-brain CT in matched control participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI scans were performed on ADHD and control participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT data revealed differences in right hemisphere (RH) only. Reduced CT was observed predominantly in the frontoparietal region. However, increased CT was observed predominantly in the occipital lobe. The CT differences were correlated with severity of ADHD. Analysis of sex differences revealed that location, number, and magnitude of CT differences were different between males and females in each age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the hypothesis that anatomical abnormalities in ADHD represent abnormal development rather than developmental delay.
authors.affiliation: 1Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Querétaro, México.
authors.forename: Luis Guillermo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Almeida Montes
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prado Alcántara
authors.forename: Reyna Beatriz
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Martínez García
authors.forename: Lázaro Barajas
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: De La Torre
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Avila Acosta
authors.forename: Martín Gallegos
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000254:growth & development; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors