title: Three-year financial analysis of pharmacy services at an independent community pharmacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the financial performance of pharmacy services including vaccinations, cholesterol screenings, medication therapy management (MTM), adherence management services, employee health fairs, and compounding services provided by an independent community pharmacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three years (2008-10) of pharmacy records were examined to determine the total revenue and costs of each service. Costs included products, materials, labor, marketing, overhead, equipment, reference materials, and fax/phone usage. Costs were allocated to each service using accepted principles (e.g., time for labor). Depending on the service, the total revenue was calculated by multiplying the frequency of the service by the revenue per patient or by adding the total revenue received. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for the adherence management services to account for average dispensing net profit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  7 of 11 pharmacy services showed a net profit each year. Those services include influenza and herpes zoster immunization services, MTM, two adherence management services, employee health fairs, and prescription compounding services. The services that realized a net loss included the pneumococcal immunization service, cholesterol screenings, and two adherence management services. The sensitivity analysis showed that all adherence services had a net gain when average dispensing net profit was included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the pharmacist services had an annual positive net gain. It seems likely that these services can be sustained. Further cost management, such as reducing labor costs, could improve the viability of services with net losses. However, even with greater efficiency, external factors such as competition and reimbursement challenge the sustainability of these services.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. william-doucette@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Doucette
authors.forename: Randal P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mormann
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaschevici
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Urmie
authors.forename: Brandon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa; D010595:Pharmacists