title: Chronic pain and discomfort after inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and degree of persistent chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair performed in our hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We mailed a questionnaire on the frequency and intensity of postoperative inguinal pain and discomfort to 219 adult patients who had undergone inguinal hernia repair in one of our hospitals more than 3 months previously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 191 (87.2%) respondents, 28 (14.7%) of whom reported pain and 33 (17.3%) reported discomfort. The frequency of pain was "rare" in more than half of the patients who reported pain. No patient reported "continuous" pain. The intensity of the pain was "mild" in most of the patients, and none reported "pain that required a painkiller". The answers on the face scale questionnaire (score "0" to "10") were "0" or "1" for most of the patients. The incidence of chronic pain and/or discomfort was significantly higher in women than in men, and tended to be higher in patients who had undergone repair using onlay mesh.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency and intensity of persistent chronic pain or discomfort after inguinal hernia repair was not high or severe. These data will be useful for further studies to determine the best treatment for adult inguinal hernia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. tinaba@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okinaga
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Taihei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Etsushi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires