title: Long-term TGFâ2 protein expression in heterotopic cortical grafts located in the rat striatum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFâ2) is a multifunctional cytokine thought to play a crucial role in neuronal growth, differ-entiation and survival. In the cortex of adult rats, TGFâ2 is constitutively expressed in a subset of neurons and astrocytes. In the present study we analyzed whether TGFâ2 is also present in intrastriatal transplants of cortical anlage. In addition we investigated the temporo-spatial expression pattern of TGF2 in âthe surrounding host striatum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical primordia of rat fetuses (E14) were stereotactically grafted into the rostral striatum of adult recipient rats. Grafts were allowed to differentiate for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 weeks or one year, respectively, followed by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From week 2 on, TGFâ 2-immunoreactivity (IR) was detectable in transplanted neurons. Within the graft, GFAP-IR was already present one week after transplantation, whereas TGFâ2-immunostained astrocytes were first seen after 2 weeks. One year after transplanta-tion, TGFâ2 positive neurons and astrocytes were still present. In the host striatum and at the graft-host interface an increase of TGFâ2-immu-noreactive astrocytes first occured after one week both in grafted animals and in sham-operated (lesioning without grafting) rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that at least a subpopulation of transplanted neurons develops a phenotype as cortical neurons in situ with respect to TGFâ2 expression. Upregulation of astrocytic TGFâ2 expression within the graft, however, is due to the trauma imposed by the transplantation procedure rather than an intrinsic differentiation program of co-grafted astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiessling
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sommer