title: Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in multi-ethnic region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a global threat. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region and suffered second highest incidence of TB in China. However, epidemiological information on MDR and XDR TB is scarcely investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of MDR and XDR TB and the differences of drug resistance TB between Chinese Han and other nationalities population at Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. We performed in vitro drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for all 1893 culture confirmed positive TB cases that were diagnosed between June 2009 and June 2011. Totally 1117 (59.0%, 95% CI, 56.8%-61.2%) clinical isolates were resistant to ≥1 first-line drugs; the prevalence of MDR TB was 13.2% (95% CI, 11.7%-14.7%), of which, 77 (30.8%; 95% CI, 25.0%-36.6%) and 31 (12.8%; 95% CI, 8.6%-17.0%) isolates were pre-XDR and XDR TB respectively. Among the MDR/XDR TB, Chinese Han patients were significantly less likely to be younger with an odds ratio 0.42 for age 20-29 years and 0.52 for age 40-49 years; P(trend) = 0.004), and Chinese Han patients has a lower prevalence of XDR TB (9.6%) than all the other nationality (14.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of drug resistance TB cases is sizeable, which highlights an urgent need to reinforce the control, detection and treatment strategies for drug resistance TB. However, the difference of MDR and XDR TB between Chinese Han and other nationalities was not observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tuberculosis, Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Mai-Juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dong-Jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mei-Juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiu-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun-Lian
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wu-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D005006:Ethnicity; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents