title: Low-replicating viruses and strong anti-viral immune response associated with prolonged disease control in a superinfected HIV-1 LTNP elite controller.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the causes for the lack of clinical progression in a superinfected HIV-1 LTNP elite controller patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied host genetic, virological and immunological factors associated with viral control in a SI long term non progressor elite controller (LTNP-EC). The individual contained both viruses and maintained undetectable viral loads for >20 years and he did not express any of the described host genetic polymorphisms associated with viral control. None of four full-length gp160 recombinants derived from the LTNP-EC replicated in heterologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CTL responses after SI were maintained in two samples separated by 9 years and they were higher in breadth and magnitude than responses seen in most of 250 treatment naïve patients and also 25 controller subjects. The LTNP-EC showed a neutralization response, against 4 of the 6 viruses analyzed, superior to other ECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that a strong and sustained cellular and humoral immune response and low replicating viruses are associated with viral control in the superinfected LTNP-EC.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Virología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pernas
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arcones
authors.forename: Anuska
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llano
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Merino
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mothe
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vicario
authors.forename: Eulalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grau
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Amalio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Telenti
authors.forename: Eloísa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yuste
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brander
authors.forename: Cecilio López-
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Galíndez
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D018925:Chemokines; D018450:Disease Progression; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins