title: Nutritive value of diets containing fish silage for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Bonne, 1931).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fish wastes has been used for many years as an alternative in feeds for aquaculture. In the present study weight gain of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets including fish waste silage (WS), fish waste silage with soybean meal SBM (WS + S) or fish waste meal (WM) was compared. A conventional acidic silage process was applied to obtain from wastes (skin, heads, bones and viscera) of snapper (Lutjanus spp.), grunt (Haemulon plumieri), and grouper (Epinephelus spp.) an ingredient rich in protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 3 days ensilage more than 90% protein was hydrolysed. Waste material processed at pH 3.8 lost about 24% tryptophan. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) prevented lipid oxidation, as shown after 45 days with malonaldehyde production. Shrimp fed WS + S diet gained 0.7 g per week higher than those fed WS and WM diets with 0.3 g per week (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WS processed with formic acid under conditions of low pH is beneficial for the white shrimp L. vannamei. It sustained reasonable weight gain combined with soybean meal in practical diets. On the other hand, BHT addition was beneficial in preventing oxidative action during silage preparation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México. pedrogallardo2@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaxiola
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soberano
authors.forename: J Gabriel
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Taboada
authors.forename: Marquelia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuzon
authors.forename: L Gabriela
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotelo
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000191:economics; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005398:Fisheries / Q000191:economics; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005561:Formates / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D008800:Mexico; D009753:Nutritive Value; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D010473:Perciformes; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D017747:Seafood; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012758:Shellfish / Q000191:economics; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins; D005520:Food Preservatives; D005561:Formates; D007220:Industrial Waste; C030544:formic acid; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene