title: Deficient post-error slowing in children with ADHD is limited to the inattentive subtype.
abstract: Post-error slowing (i.e., slowing of a response on correct trials following an error) is thought to reflect adaptive behavior that may be impaired in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study examined post-error slowing in children with ADHD and typically developing controls on two cognitive tasks. Fifty-one ADHD-Combined type, 53 ADHD-Inattentive type, and 47 controls completed a Choice Discrimination and Stop Signal Task with incentive and event rate manipulations. Linear mixed models were used to examine reaction times surrounding errors (trial-by-trial). Pre-error speeding and pre- to post-error slowing occurred on both tasks. Impaired post-error slowing was only present on the Choice Discrimination Task for the ADHD-Inattentive type. Post-error slowing is impaired in children with ADHD-Inattentive type, but not ADHD-Combined type, on a simple attention task. These findings highlight the importance of considering task demands and ADHD subtype when examining post-error slowing and also provide a novel approach to quantifying post-error slowing.
authors.affiliation: Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Keri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiels
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: Jeffery N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*