title: Development of controlled release formulations of imidacloprid employing novel nano-ranged amphiphilic polymers.
abstract: Amphiphilic copolymers, synthesized from poly (ethylene glycols) and various aliphatic diacids, which self assemble into nano-micellar aggregates in aqueous media, were used to develop controlled release (CR) formulations of imidacloprid [1-(6 chloro-3-pyridinyl methyl)-N-nitro imidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] using encapsulation technique. High solubilisation power and low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these amphiphilic polymers may increase the efficacy of formulations. Formulations were characterised by Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and stability after accelerated storage test of the developed formulations were checked. The kinetics of imidacloprid release in water from the different formulations was studied. Release from the commercial formulation was faster than the CR formulations. The diffusion exponent (n value) of imidacloprid, in water ranged from 0.22 to 0.37 in the tested formulations. While the time taken for release of 50 % of imidacloprid ranged from 2.32 to 9.31 days for the CR formulations. The developed CR formulations can be used for efficient pest management in different crops.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Totan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shakil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walia
mesh_terms: D000272:Adipates; D002210:Caprylates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005977:Glutarates; D006207:Half-Life; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008823:Micelles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010867:Pimelic Acids; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
chemical_list: D000272:Adipates; D002210:Caprylates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005977:Glutarates; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D008823:Micelles; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010867:Pimelic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C082359:imidacloprid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C005738:suberic acid; C029900:adipic acid; C035736:glutaric acid