title: Efficacy of BIO K+ CL1285 in the reduction of antibiotic-associated diarrhea - a placebo controlled double-blind randomized, multi-center study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is a frequently encountered adverse event following antibiotic administration. Evidence suggests that probiotics may be beneficial in preventing and decreasing the severity of AAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients who were prescribed antibiotics for 3-14 days were enrolled from eight Canadian centers. Study treatment was randomized at a 1 : 1 ratio of BIO-K+CL1285( (®) ) or placebo and was administered within 24 h of initiation to 5 days after termination of antibiotherapy. Patients were followed for 21 days after last dose of study treatment. The primary outcome was severity and incidence of AAD. Severity was measured by the total number of days with diarrhea and incidence was defined as the number of patients with at least one day with diarrhea over the total number of patients enrolled in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  216 patients were randomized to BIO-K+ and 221 to placebo. The mean (SD) number of days with diarrhea was 1.19. (3.20) days for the placebo and 0.67 (2.05) days for BIO-K+CL1285( (®) ) (p = 0.040). Adjusted multivariate linear regression results showed that the duration of diarrhea for BIO-K+CL1285 (®)vs. placebo was reduced by 51.5% (b[SE] = 0.515 [0.256], p = 0.045). The incidence of diarrhea was 21.8% for the BIO-K+ and 29.4% for the placebo group (OR = 0.667, p = 0.067). Multivariate logistic regression, showed that the adjusted odds ratio of AAD in patients receiving BIO-K+ vs. placebo was 0.627 (p = 0.037). Study treatment was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BIO-K+ is effective for preventing and reducing the severity of AAD in patients receiving antibiotic therapy in a hospital setting.
authors.affiliation: JSS Medical Research Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sampalis
authors.forename: Eliofotisti
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Psaradellis
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rampakakis