title: S100, CD68, and MHC class II molecule expression in cervical high- and low-grade HPV-induced lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some human papillomavirus (HPV) types are involved in malignant processes in the cervical epithelium, with 99% of cases attributed to oncogenic HPV infection. This study aimed to detect S100, CD68, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules in cervical uterine epithelial samples in patients with high- and low-grade lesions induced by HPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight samples from patients who were confirmed positive or negative for high-risk oncogenic HPV DNA, had histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grades I, II, or III, or were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy were subjected to immunohistochemistry reaction to S100 protein, CD68, and MHC-II (HLA-DR alpha chain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of MHC-II predominated in samples exhibiting histopathological alterations (p < 0.05). S100 detection was more numerous in carcinoma samples (CIN III) (75%). Presence of this protein correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with histopathological findings and viral load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small expression of CD68 was observed, which may be explained by the observation in our study having been made on random microscopic fields and not on specific areas. The findings, such as the presence of S100 protein and MHC-II expression in samples with histological alterations, could suggest that the immune system fails to control HPV replication at the early stages of infection. Further studies with larger prospective data are necessary to confirm this result.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cassandri
authors.forename: Inês Aparecida
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Tozetti
authors.forename: Carlos Eurico dos Santos
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Flávia Gatto de
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Gustavo Ribeiro
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.forename: Ilzia Doraci Lins
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Scapulatempo
authors.forename: Thiago Theodoro Martins
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Prata
authors.forename: Cacilda Tezelli Junqueira
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.forename: Daniella Borges
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Alda Teixeira
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Maria Auxiliadora Gomes Sandim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D009418:S100 Proteins; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule