title: Nasal endoscopy-assisted reconstruction of orbital floor blowout fractures using temporal fascia grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the experience and outcomes of an endoscopy-assisted reconstruction of isolated orbital floor blowout fractures using temporalis fascia grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 32 patients who underwent repair of orbital floor fractures using temporalis fascia grafting from January 1, 2004, through December 1, 2009, was conducted. All procedures were performed through an upper buccal sulcus incision and a transmaxillary endoscopic approach to the orbital floor. The area of displaced bone fragments was limited to 2 cm(2) in all patients in this study. The parameters evaluated before and after surgery included visual acuity, extraocular motility and diplopia, and exophthalmometry. All patients underwent computed tomography before and 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 32 patients had a postoperative clinical infection or obvious inflammation. Visual acuity was better than or equal to 20/100 in 43% of patients before surgery compared with 76% of patients after surgery. All patients had diplopia before surgery; only 3 had diplopia 6 months after surgery. Enophthalmos was observed in all patients before surgery, and 4 patients still displayed enophthalmos at 6 months after surgery. No sagging of the reconstructed orbital floor was found on computed tomograms 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective study is the first to show that the temporalis fascia is a reliable implant for the repair of orbital floor defects smaller than or equal to 2 cm(2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhongyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004172:Diplopia / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000601:surgery; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000637:transplantation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014754:Violence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult