title: Evaluation of superficial and deep self-inflicted wrist and forearm lacerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-inflicted wrist or forearm laceration is a specific type of injury presenting to emergency departments. Many investigators have described wrist-cutting from a psychiatric viewpoint. We hypothesized that the character of patients with deep wounds is different from those with superficial wounds. We investigated patients who cut their wrist or forearms as an act of self-mutilation from the viewpoint of wound severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 31 patients with self-inflected wrist injuries who were treated in our medical center from 2004 through 2009. We divided them into 2 groups: deep (15 patients) and superficial (16 patients). We investigated differences in age and gender, sites of self-cutting, frequency of self-injury attempts, object used for wrist cutting, group psychiatric parameters, required wound treatments, and psychiatric history and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Younger patients were more likely to have injured themselves severely compared with older patients. Differences in clinical findings between deep and superficial injury groups included the following: (1) all male patients had deep injuries; (2) patients with superficial wounds were more likely to have cut themselves previously; (3) patients in the deep injury group tended to injure themselves at multiple sites; (4) patients in the deep injury group tended to perform self-cutting with any sharp-edged object at hand; (5) 50% of our patients had received no psychiatric care before being seen by us for their injury; and (6) one-third discontinued the psychiatric treatment prematurely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are differences between patients who perform self-inflicted deep versus superficial wrist cutting. We also found that the ages and psychiatric diagnoses of our patients differed from previous reports. This is likely because the available literature includes only patients who received psychiatric care. We found that 50% of our patients had received no psychiatric care, which highlights the importance of hand surgeons treating these patients to initiate psychiatric consultation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan. mfujioka@nmc.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Hanako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000523:psychology; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery