title: Leptin and adiponectin, but not IL18, are related with insulin resistance in treated HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy.
abstract: Leptin, adiponectin and IL18 are adipokines related with obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in the general population. Treated HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy may develop insulin resistance and proatherogenic dyslipidemia. We assessed the relationship between plasma adipokine levels, adipokine genetics, lipodystrophy and metabolic disturbances. Plasma leptin, adiponectin and IL18 levels were assessed in 446 individuals: 282 HIV-1-infected patients treated with antiretroviral drugs (132 with lipodystrophy and 150 without) and 164 uninfected controls (UC). The LEP2410A>G, LEPRQ223R, ADIPQ276G>T, ADIPOR2-Intron5A>G and IL18-607C>A polymorphisms were validated by sequencing. Leptin levels were higher in UC than in HIV-1-infected, either with or without lipodystrophy (p<0.001 for both comparisons) and were lower in patients with lipodystrophy compared with those without lipodystrophy (p=0.006). In patients with lipodystrophy, leptin had a positive correlation with insulin and with HOMA-IR. Adiponectin levels were non-significantly different in UC and HIV-1-infected patients. Patients with lipodystrophy had lower adiponectin levels than non-lipodystrophy subjects (p<0.001). In patients with lipodystrophy, adiponectin was negatively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR and triglycerides. Plasma IL18 levels were higher in HIV-1-infected patients compared with UC (p<0.001), and no differences were found according to the presence of lipodystrophy. In patients with lipodystrophy there was a negative correlation between IL18 levels and LDLc. Genetic analyses indicated no significant associations with lipodystrophy nor with insulin resistance or with lipid abnormalities. In conclusion, HIV-1-infected patients have reduced plasma leptin levels. This reduction is magnified in patients with lipodystrophy whose adiponectin levels were lower than that of non-lipodystrophy subjects. Plasma IL18 levels are increased in infected patients irrespective of the presence of lipodystrophy. The polymorphisms assessed are not associated with lipodystrophy or metabolic disturbances in treated HIV-1-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Escoté
authors.forename: Victòria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ceperuelo-Mallafré
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Dupla
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peraire
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viladés
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olona
authors.forename: Joan-Josep
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sirvent
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: Cristóbal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richart
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vidal
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000502:physiology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology*; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020382:Interleukin-18; D020738:Leptin