title: Generational differences in young adults' life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966-2009.
abstract: Three studies examined generational differences in life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation among American high school seniors (Monitoring the Future; N = 463,753, 1976-2008) and entering college students (The American Freshman; N = 8.7 million, 1966-2009). Compared to Baby Boomers (born 1946-1961) at the same age, GenX'ers (born 1962-1981) and Millennials (born after 1982) considered goals related to extrinsic values (money, image, fame) more important and those related to intrinsic values (self-acceptance, affiliation, community) less important. Concern for others (e.g., empathy for outgroups, charity donations, the importance of having a job worthwhile to society) declined slightly. Community service rose but was also increasingly required for high school graduation over the same time period. Civic orientation (e.g., interest in social problems, political participation, trust in government, taking action to help the environment and save energy) declined an average of d = -.34, with about half the decline occurring between GenX and the Millennials. Some of the largest declines appeared in taking action to help the environment. In most cases, Millennials slowed, though did not reverse, trends toward reduced community feeling begun by GenX. The results generally support the "Generation Me" view of generational differences rather than the "Generation We" or no change views.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4611, USA. jtwenge@mail.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Twenge
authors.forename: W Keith
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Elise C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012919:Social Behavior; D012922:Social Change; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012945:Social Values; D014481:United States