title: Landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β₁-blocker, more effectively terminates atrial fibrillation than diltiazem after open heart surgery: prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label study (JL-KNIGHT study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that esmolol is the first choice for rate control in patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery, but side-effects of esmolol such as hypotension are problematic. To overcome this problem, landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β(1)-blocker with a less negative inotropic effect than esmolol, has been developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether landiolol was effective for both rate control and conversion to normal sinus rhythm (NSR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prospective, randomized, open-label comparison between i.v. landiolol and diltiazem in patients with postoperative AF was undertaken between January 2008 and June 2009 in Japan. Of 335 patients included in the analysis, 71 patients went into AF. Among these 71 patients, conversion to NSR within 8h after onset of AF occurred in 19 of 35 patients (54.3%) in the landiolol group vs. 11 of 36 patients (30.6%) in the diltiazem group (P<0.05). The incidence of hypotension was lower in the landiolol group (4/35, 11.4%) compared with the diltiazem group (11/36, 30.6%; P<0.05). The incidence of bradycardia was also lower in the landiolol group (0%) compared with the diltiazem group (4/36, 11.1%; P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Landiolol is more effective and safer than diltiazem for patients with postoperative AF after open heart surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan. no1-saka@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamoto
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Namiki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasanuki
authors.forename: Saichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosoda
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D009025:Morpholines; C077049:landiolol; D014508:Urea; D004110:Diltiazem