title: A real-time respiration position based passive breath gating equipment for gated radiotherapy: a preclinical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a passive gating system incorporating with the real-time position management (RPM) system for the gated radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Passive breath gating (PBG) equipment, which consists of a breath-hold valve, a controller mechanism, a mouthpiece kit, and a supporting frame, was designed. A commercial real-time positioning management system was implemented to synchronize the target motion and radiation delivery on a linear accelerator with the patient's breathing cycle. The respiratory related target motion was investigated by using the RPM system for correlating the external markers with the internal target motion while using PBG for passively blocking patient's breathing. Six patients were enrolled in the preclinical feasibility and efficiency study of the PBG system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBG equipment was designed and fabricated. The PBG can be manually triggered or released to block or unblock patient's breathing. A clinical workflow was outlined to integrate the PBG with the RPM system. After implementing the RPM based PBG system, the breath-hold period can be prolonged to 15-25 s and the treatment delivery efficiency for each field can be improved by 200%-400%. The results from the six patients showed that the diaphragm motion caused by respiration was reduced to less than 3 mm and the position of the diaphragm was reproducible for difference gating periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A RPM based PBG system was developed and implemented. With the new gating system, the patient's breath-hold time can be extended and a significant improvement in the treatment delivery efficiency can also be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weigang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Anjie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guichao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Housley
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012119:Respiration; D013997:Time Factors