title: The plant-specific G protein γ subunit AGG3 influences organ size and shape in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: • Control of organ size and shape by cell proliferation and cell expansion is a fundamental developmental process, but the mechanisms that set the size and shape of determinate organs are largely unknown in plants. • Molecular, genetic, cytological and biochemical approaches were used to characterize the roles of the Arabidopsis thaliana G protein γ subunit (AGG3) gene in organ growth. • Here, we describe A. thaliana AGG3, which promotes petal growth by increasing the period of cell proliferation. Both the N-terminal region and the C-terminal domains of AGG3 are necessary for the function of AGG3. By contrast, analysis of a series of AGG3 derivatives with deletions in specific domains showed that the deletion of any of these domains cannot completely abolish the function of AGG3. The GFP-AGG3 fusion protein is localized to the plasma membrane. The predicted transmembrane domain plays an important role in the plasma membrane localization of AGG3. Genetic analyses revealed that AGG3 action requires a functional G protein α subunit (GPA1) and G protein β subunit (AGB1). • Our findings demonstrate that AGG3, GPA1 and AGB1 act in the same genetic pathway to influence organ size and shape in A. thaliana.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Shengjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yaju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Centre of Bioenergy, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
authors.forename: Leiying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Liangliang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corke
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|College of Biological Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Yaru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Zhengge
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bevan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yunhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005638:Fruit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044387:GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C089590:AGB1 protein, Arabidopsis; C584871:AGG3 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C429765:GPA1 protein, Arabidopsis; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; D044387:GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C534225:STN1 protein, Arabidopsis; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins