title: Preservation HIV-1-specific IFNγ+ CD4+ T-cell responses in breakthrough infections after exposure to tenofovir gel in the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial.
abstract: The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa 004 trial demonstrated reduction of sexual HIV-1 acquisition in women using a vaginal microbicide containing tenofovir. A better understanding of the consequences of antiretroviral-containing microbicides for immune responses in individuals with intercurrent HIV-1 infection is needed for future trials combining the use of microbicides with HIV-1 vaccines. Investigation of immune responses in women who acquired HIV-1 although using tenofovir gel showed significantly higher (P = 0.01) Gag-specific IFNγ+ CD4+ T-cell responses. The use of tenofovir-containing gel around the time of infection can modulate HIV-1 immunity, and these immunological changes need to be considered in future trials combining vaccines and microbicides.
authors.affiliation: HIV Pathogenesis Program, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute and KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (KRITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Marianne W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mureithi
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Naranbhai
authors.forename: Shabashini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Nompumelelo P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Mkhwanazi
authors.forename: Sengeziwe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sibeko
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Quarraisha
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Abdool Karim
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdool Karim
authors.forename: Thumbi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ndung'u
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altfeld
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013019:South Africa; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine