title: Molecular changes in mesothelioma with an impact on prognosis and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent decades, research on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been developed to improve patients' outcomes by increasing the level of confidence in MPM diagnosis and prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarize data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM that may be of interest for a better management of patients with MPM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from scientific publications on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM by studying gene mutations, DNA methylation, and gene and microRNA expression profiling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular changes in MPM consist in altered expression and in activation or inactivation of critical genes in oncogenesis, especially tumor suppressor genes at the INK4 and NF2 loci. Activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and deregulation of signaling pathways related to differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, metabolism, migration, and invasion have been demonstrated. Alterations that could be targeted at a global level (methylation) have been recently reported. Experimental research has succeeded especially in abolishing proliferation and triggering apoptosis in MPM cells. So far, targeted clinical approaches focusing on receptor tyrosine kinases have had limited success. Molecular analyses of series of MPM cases have shown that defined alterations are present in MPM subsets, consistent with interindividual variations of molecular alterations, and suggesting that identification of patient subgroups will be essential to develop more specific therapies.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daubriac
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Pimpec-Barthes
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galateau-Salle
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jaurand
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs