title: Impact of short-term intake of red wine and grape polyphenol extract on the human metabolome.
abstract: Red wine and grape polyphenols are considered to promote cardiovascular health and are involved in multiple biological functions. Their overall impact on the human metabolome is not known. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous metabolic effects were determined in fasting plasma and 24 h urine from healthy male adults consuming a mix of red wine and grape juice extracts (WGM) for 4 days in a placebo-controlled, crossover study. Syringic acid, 3-hydroxyhippuric acid, pyrogallol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were confirmed as the strongest urinary markers of WGM intake. Overall, WGM had a mild impact on the endogenous metabolism. Most noticeable were changes in several amino acids deriving from tyrosine and tryptophan. Reductions in the microbial metabolites p-cresol sulfate and 3-indoxylsulfuric acid and increases in indole-3-lactic acid and nicotinic acid were observed in urine. In plasma, tyrosine was reduced. The results suggest that short-term intake of WGM altered microbial protein fermentation and/or amino acid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3130AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. doris.jacobs@unilever.com
authors.forename: Doris M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fuhrmann
authors.forename: Ferdinand A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: van Dorsten
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Ewoud J J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Velzen
authors.forename: Boudewijn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hollebrands
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Draijer
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Duynhoven
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Garczarek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D006626:Hippurates / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000652:urine; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011422:Propionates / Q000652:urine; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000652:urine; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: C491266:3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid; D006626:Hippurates; D010636:Phenols; D010648:Phenylacetates; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D011422:Propionates; D011748:Pyrogallol; C535238:3-hydroxyhippuric acid; D014443:Tyrosine; D005707:Gallic Acid; C001945:syringic acid; C008069:3-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid