title: Children's coping strategies for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify anticipatory, acute, and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) frequency and coping strategies used among pediatric patients with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cohort design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pediatric teaching hospital in the southern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 40 children aged 7-12 years scheduled to receive either moderately emetic chemotherapy or highly emetic chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children completed the Adapted Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting for Pediatrics and the Kidcope-Younger Version.
  
  
  METHODS
  CINV and coping strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CINV occurred during the anticipatory, acute, and delayed times, with the highest frequency occurring during the delayed time. The most frequently used coping strategies were distraction and wishful thinking, whereas the most effective strategies were social support and distraction. No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency or efficacy of coping strategies over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CINV occurs throughout chemotherapy treatment. The most efficacious coping strategies included active and passive coping, with active coping strategies being more effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses should recognize that CINV occurs at all points of chemotherapy treatment. Nurses can assist children in developing active coping strategies to manage their CINV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Cancer and Hematology Service at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA. ccrodger@txccc.org
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Robbie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Norville
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hesselgrave
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gregurich
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hockenberry
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012944:Social Support; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents