title: Composting for avian influenza virus elimination.
abstract: Effective sanitization is important in viral epizootic outbreaks to avoid further spread of the pathogen. This study examined thermal inactivation as a sanitizing treatment for manure inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N1 and bacteriophages MS2 and 6. Rapid inactivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N1 was achieved at both mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (45 and 55°C) temperatures. Similar inactivation rates were observed for bacteriophage 6, while bacteriophage MS2 proved too thermoresistant to be considered a valuable indicator organism for avian influenza virus during thermal treatments. Guidelines for treatment of litter in the event of emergency composting can be formulated based on the inactivation rates obtained in the study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.josefine.elving@sva.se
authors.forename: Josefine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elving
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emmoth
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albihn
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vinnerås
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ottoson
mesh_terms: D017126:Bacteriophage phi 6 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D057916:Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D017909:Levivirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D008372:Manure / Q000821:virology; D050296:Microbial Viability; D012499:Sanitation / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil