title: Bradykinin prevents the apoptosis of NIT-1 cells induced by TNF-α via             the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
abstract: The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is a complex multi-enzyme system which             is composed of circulating and tissue kallikrein and kinin. It is well established             that tissue kallikrein and kinin play crucial and diverse roles in cardiovascular             and renal homeostasis. Recent data indicate that kallikrein gene delivery reduces             insulin resistance in STZ-treated rats suggesting a protective role for kinin             in the development of diabetes. This study investigated the effects of exogenous             bradykinin (BK) on the apoptosis of NIT-1 cells, a pancreatic β-cell line in vitro.             Exogenous BK significantly protected NIT-1 cells from TNF-α-induced apoptosis.             These effects were associated with upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expression             levels as well as with downregulation of Bax expression levels via the activation             of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In conclusion,             these data highlight the beneficial roles of BK on pancreatic β-cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension,                     Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science                     and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xizhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Chun Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dao Wen
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3; D001920:Bradykinin