title: Performance evaluation of Unified Medical Language System®'s synonyms expansion to query PubMed.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PubMed is the main access to medical literature on the Internet. In order to enhance the performance of its information retrieval tools, primarily non-indexed citations, the authors propose a method: expanding users' queries using Unified Medical Language System' (UMLS) synonyms i.e. all the terms gathered under one unique Concept Unique Identifier.
  
  
  METHODS
  This method was evaluated using queries constructed to emphasize the differences between this new method and the current PubMed automatic term mapping. Four experts assessed citation relevance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using UMLS, we were able to retrieve new citations in 45.5% of queries, which implies a small increase in recall. The new strategy led to a heterogeneous 23.7% mean increase in non-indexed citation retrieved. Of these, 82% have been published less than 4 months earlier. The overall mean precision was 48.4% but differed according to the evaluators, ranging from 36.7% to 88.1% (Inter rater agreement was poor: kappa = 0.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the need for specific search tools for each type of user and use-cases. The proposed strategy may be useful to retrieve recent scientific advancement.
authors.affiliation: CISMeF, Rouen University Hospital, Cour Leschevin, Porte 21, 3ème étage, 1 rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Griffon
authors.forename: Wiem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chebil
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rollin
authors.forename: Gaetan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kerdelhue
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thirion
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gehanno
authors.forename: Stéfan Jacques
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Darmoni
mesh_terms: D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D046650:Medical Subject Headings; D039781:PubMed; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017432:Unified Medical Language System / Q000592:standards*; D014584:User-Computer Interface