title: Analysis of veterinary drug residues in frog legs and other aquacultured species using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: A liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry method was developed to analyze veterinary drug residues in frog legs and other aquacultured species. Samples were extracted using a procedure based on a method developed for the analysis of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in fish. Briefly, the tissue was extracted with dilute acetic acid and acetonitrile with added sodium chloride. After centrifugation, the extracts were evaporated and reconstituted in mobile phase. A molecular weight cutoff filter was used to clean up the final extract. A set of target compounds, including trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, quinolones, and FQs, was used to validate the method. Screening of residues was accomplished by collecting TOF (MS¹) data and comparing the accurate mass and retention times of compounds to a database containing information for veterinary drugs. An evaluation of the MS data in fortified frog legs indicated that the target compounds could be consistently detected at the level of concern. The linearity and recoveries from matrix were evaluated for these analytes to estimate the amount of residue present. MS/MS data were also generated from precursor ions, and the mass accuracy of the product ions for each compound was compared to theoretical values. When the method was used to analyze imported frog legs, many of these residues were found in the samples, often in combination and at relatively high concentrations (>10 ng/g). The data from these samples were also evaluated for nontarget analytes such as residue metabolites and other chemotherapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States. sherri.turnipseed@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Sherri B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Turnipseed
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003120:Colorado; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000191:economics; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D006614:Hindlimb; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D011898:Ranidae; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019155:Veterinary Drugs