title: A randomized double-blind study comparing intradermal anesthetic tolerability, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of lidocaine, buffered lidocaine, and bacteriostatic normal saline for peripheral intravenous insertion.
abstract: In this double-blind study, 256 surgical patients meeting eligibility criteria were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to 1 of the 3 intradermal injection groups prior to intravenous (IV) line insertion (Group 1=1% lidocaine, Group 2=1% buffered lidocaine, and Group 3=bacteriostatic normal saline with a benzyl alcohol preservative). The most tolerable solution, as measured by the average level of pain from an intradermal insertion, was buffered lidocaine (Group 2). The most efficacious, as measured by average level of pain at IV cannulation, were Groups 1 and 2. Group 3 was the most cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Ambulatory Care Services, University of Maryland Shore Health System, Easton, Maryland, USA. vritz@shorehealth.org
authors.forename: Vivienne
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ganter-Ritz
authors.forename: Karen Gabel
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Speroni
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atherton
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007271:Injections, Intradermal / Q000191:economics; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008012:Lidocaine