title: A new method to determine carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater and pore waters by CO(2) -water equilibrium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Precise measurement of the carbon isotopic compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water samples is very important for earth and environmental sciences, and the H(3) PO(4) acidification method has long been applied for this purpose. Due to the large variation in DIC concentration in various types of water samples, however, it is difficult to sample the optimized amount of water for high-precision mass spectrometry analysis and in many cases this has led to poor data quality. In addition, when the amount of water sample is very limited or when the water has a complicated composition such as seawater and saline marine pore waters, it is often difficult to obtain high-quality data using the conventional method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we report a new method of obtaining CO(2) -water equilibrium for high-precision carbon isotope analysis of DIC in water samples. The instrument used was a Delta Plus XP stable isotope mass spectrometer coupled with an on-line a Gas Bench II sample preparation device. In general, 0.5 mL of water is sampled and equilibrated with CO(2) in headspace. The CO(2) is then transferred into the mass spectrometer and δ(13) C values are obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The δ(13) C values for four marine pore water samples determined by this new method are only slightly different (<0.15‰) from those determined using the conventional H(3) PO(4) method. The new method of obtaining CO(2) -water equilibrium also allows a constant amount of CO(2) for every sample to finally enter the mass spectrometer and hence better precision can be achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new method is suitable for the measurement of both oxygen isotopic composition in water and carbon isotopic composition of DIC for seawater and pore water samples. Another benefit of this new method is that the water sample can be re-used for other further analyses and this is critical when the amount of sample is limited.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research and Center for Marine Geochemistry Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shao-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jiang