title: Phylogenetic relationships of rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, isolated from different geographical regions revealed widespread multiple lineages.
abstract: We conducted a pilot survey of genetic variation of A. cantonensis using small subunit (SSU) ribosomal (r) RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI) gene sequences. Two distinct SSU genotypes (G1 and G2) were identified among 17 individual A. cantonensis worms from 17 different geographical localities in Japan, Mainland China, Taiwan, and Thailand. The partial coxI sequences were determined for 83 worms from 18 different geographical localities from Japan, Mainland China, Taiwan, and Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis showed eight distinct coxI haplotypes (ac1 to ac8). In 16 out of 18 localities, only a single coxI haplotype was found. However, in two localities, two coxI haplotypes coexisted. The common haplotypes found were: haplotype ac1 (Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagawa, Amamioshima Island, and Taichung), haplotype ac2 (Ishikawa, Shenzhen, and Lianjiang), haplotype ac5 (the Okinawa and the Ogasawara Islands), and haplotype ac7 (Miyagi, Aichi, and Kanagawa). Each of these regions is separated from the others by high mountain ranges or oceans. In addition, the lower genetic variation and particular geographical distribution of A. cantonensis in each location could indicate a founder effect, which may have resulted from multiple independent origins, and suggests that haplotypes migrated from endemic areas via human-related transportation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokiwa
authors.forename: Tsunehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harunari
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Kwong-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Teruki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadosaka
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akao
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D017185:Angiostrongylus cantonensis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats / Q000469:parasitology; D054679:Ribosome Subunits, Small / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013624:Taiwan; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV