title: Effect of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract on enamel demineralisation and dental biofilm composition in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous evaluations of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract were not done in conditions similar to the oral environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. cattleianum leaf extract on enamel demineralisation, extracellular polysaccharide formation, and the microbial composition of dental biofilms formed in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten volunteers took part in this crossover study. They wore palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks for 14 days. Each volunteer dripped 20% sucrose 8 times per day on the enamel blocks. Twice a day, deionised water (negative control), extract, or a commercial mouthwash (active control) was dripped after sucrose application. On the 12th and 13th days of the experiment, plaque acidogenicity was measured with a microelectrode, and the pH drop was calculated. On the 14th day, biofilms were harvested and total anaerobic microorganisms (TM), total streptococci (TS), mutans streptococci (MS), and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were evaluated. Enamel demineralisation was evaluated by the percentage change of surface microhardness (%ΔSMH) and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The researcher was blinded to the treatments during data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract group showed lower TM, TS, MS, EPS, %ΔSMH, and ΔKHN values than the negative control group. There were no differences between the active and negative control groups regarding MS and EPS levels. There were no differences in pH drop between the extract and active control groups, although they were significantly different from the negative control group. For all other parameters, the extract differed from the active control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psidium cattleianum leaf extract exhibits a potential anticariogenic effect.
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, R: José Bonifácio 1193, CEP: 16015-050, Araçatuba-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Lourenção
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Brighenti
authors.forename: Elerson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaetti-Jardim
authors.forename: Marcelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danelon
authors.forename: Gustavo Vaz
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D031647:Psidium; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; C057473:Listerine; D013395:Sucrose