title: Left ventricular aneurysm, aortic stenosis, and arcade mitral valve: coexistence of three rare congenital heart defects.
abstract: This report presents two fetuses with three rare congenital heart defects: congenital ventricular aneurysm, arcade mitral valve, and unicommissural aortic valve. Because interaction between the endocardium and the myocardium is essential for development of the myocardium and heart valves, the authors hypothesized that these three defects could be related to abnormal signaling between the endocardium and the myocardium during critical phases of cardiac development. This combination of defects might be incompatible with fetal survival to term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. FrancescaRomana.Pluchinotta@cardio.chboston.org
authors.forename: Francesca Romana
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Pluchinotta
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Teot
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000151:congenital*; D001344:Autopsy; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000151:congenital*; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy