title: Polarization-induced local pore-wall functionalization for biosensing: from micropore to nanopore.
abstract: The use of biological-probe-modified solid-state pores in biosensing is currently hindered by difficulties in pore-wall functionalization. The surface to be functionalized is small and difficult to target and is usually chemically similar to the bulk membrane. Herein, we demonstrate the contactless electrofunctionalization (CLEF) approach and its mechanism. This technique enables the one-step local functionalization of the single pore wall fabricated in a silica-covered silicon membrane. CLEF is induced by polarization of the pore membrane in an electric field and requires a sandwich-like composition and a conducting or semiconducting core for the pore membrane. The defects in the silica layer of the micropore wall enable the creation of an electric pathway through the silica layer, which allows electrochemical reactions to take place locally on the pore wall. The pore diameter is not a limiting factor for local wall modification using CLEF. Nanopores with a diameter of 200 nm fabricated in a silicon membrane and covered with native silica layer have been successfully functionalized with this method, and localized pore-wall modification was obtained. Furthermore, through proof-of-concept experiments using ODN-modified nanopores, we show that functionalized nanopores are suitable for translocation-based biosensing.
authors.affiliation: SPrAM, UMR5819, CEA/CNRS/UJF, INAC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. jie.liu1@cea.fr
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haguet
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sauter-Starace
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roget
authors.forename: Emeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Descamps
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouchet
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buhot
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mailley
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Livache
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004560:Electricity; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D055616:Microtechnology / Q000379:methods*; D058608:Nanopores; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012822:Silicon Dioxide