title: Late blight resistance gene from Solanum ruiz-ceballosii is located on potato chromosome X and linked to violet flower colour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal organism of late blight, is economically the most important pathogen of potato and resistance against it has been one of the primary goals of potato breeding. Some potentially durable, broad-spectrum resistance genes against this disease have been described recently. However, to obtain durable resistance in potato cultivars more genes are needed to be identified to realize strategies such as gene pyramiding or use of genotype mixtures based on diverse genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A major resistance gene, Rpi-rzc1, against P. infestans originating from Solanum ruiz-ceballosii was mapped to potato chromosome X using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) and sequence-specific PCR markers. The gene provided high level of resistance in both detached leaflet and tuber slice tests. It was linked, at a distance of 3.4 cM, to violet flower colour most likely controlled by the previously described F locus. The marker-trait association with the closest marker, violet flower colour, explained 87.1% and 85.7% of variance, respectively, for mean detached leaflet and tuber slice resistance. A genetic linkage map that consisted of 1,603 DArT markers and 48 reference sequence-specific PCR markers of known chromosomal localization with a total map length of 1204.8 cM was constructed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Rpi-rzc1 gene described here can be used for breeding potatoes resistant to P. infestans and the breeding process can be expedited using the molecular markers and the phenotypic marker, violet flower colour, identified in this study. Knowledge of the chromosomal localization of Rpi-rzc1 can be useful for design of gene pyramids. The genetic linkage map constructed in this study contained 1,149 newly mapped DArT markers and will be a valuable resource for future mapping projects using this technology in the Solanum genus.
authors.affiliation: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Młochów Research Centre, Młochów, Poland. j.sliwka@ihar.edu.pl
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sliwka
authors.forename: Henryka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jakuczun
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chmielarz
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara-Skrzypiec
authors.forename: Iga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tomczyńska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zimnoch-Guzowska
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007239:Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D055750:Phytophthora infestans; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D032322:Solanum / Q000235:genetics*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers