title: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in normal and abnormal endometrium.
abstract: Rapid estrogen effects are mediated by membrane receptors, and evidence suggests a role for both a membrane-associated form of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1; ERα) and G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPER; GPR30). Considering estrogen's importance in endometrial physiology and endometriosis pathophysiology, we hypothesized that GPER could be involved in both cyclic changes in endometrial estrogen action and that aberrant expression might be seen in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis of normal endometrium, endometrial samples demonstrated cycle-regulated expression of GPER, with maximal expression in the proliferative phase. Eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis overexpressed GPER as compared to eutopic endometrium of normal participants. Ishikawa cells, an adenocarcinoma cell line, expressed GPER, with increased expression upon treatment with estrogen or an ESR1 agonist, but not with a GPER-specific agonist. Decreased expression was seen in Ishikawa cells stably transfected with progesterone receptor A. Together, these data suggest that normal endometrial GPER expression is cyclic and regulated by nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors, while expression is dysregulated in endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. bethplante@gmail.com
authors.forename: Beth J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lessey
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Milan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: Lingwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scotchie
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014015:Tissue Banks; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C109584:GPER1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled