title: Biodiversity of indigenous Saccharomyces populations from old wineries of south-eastern Sicily (Italy): preservation and economic potential.
abstract: In recent years, the preservation of biodiversity has become an important issue. Despite much public discussion, however, current practices in the food industry seldom take account of its potential economic importance: on the contrary, the introduction of industrialized agriculture practices over large areas has often resulted in a dramatic reduction in biodiversity.In this paper, we report on the remarkable degree of biodiversity in the wine yeast populations naturally present in a small area of Sicily (Italy) where traditional (non-industrial) winery practices are still in place. Out of more than 900 Saccharomyces yeast isolates recovered from late spontaneous fermentations, we detected at least 209 strains. Most interestingly, when evaluated at the fermentation and technological level, a number of isolates were found to be superior to industrial yeast strains. Out of a selected group, isolates from two strains were used for experimental fermentations in a winery environment and the quality of the wines produced was assessed at the technological, quality and sensory levels. Given that the characteristics of the wines produced were found to be industrially appealing, the study demonstrated the economic potential of preserving the patrimony of Sicilian yeast biodiversity and highlighted the importance of maintaining traditional wine making practices.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Regionale della Vite e del Vino, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Maio
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polizzotto
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Gangi
authors.forename: Giusy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foresta
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Genna
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verzera
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scacco
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliva
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D019649:Food Industry; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology; D012802:Sicily; D013447:Sulfites / Q000737:chemistry; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D013447:Sulfites; D000431:Ethanol