title: A prospective and controlled in vivo study to determine if acute episodes of high glucose concentrations in the extra-embryonic celomic cavity could be related to spontaneous abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro preparations have provided evidence suggesting that acute and chronic exposure to very high glucose concentrations can lead to embryonic demise via disruption of the extra-celomic membranes and yolk sac. In this study, we sought to determine, in vivo, if an acute increase in extra-embryonic fluid glucose concentration could cause spontaneous abortion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed a pregnant non-human primate model and ultrasound-guided celocentesis at 38-42 days from conception. In three control animals, partial replacement of the extra-embryonic celomic fluid was performed using normal saline containing 0.6 mg/mL of glucose. In four study animals, the extra-celomic fluid was replaced with a similar solution containing high glucose concentrations. All animals were then followed until delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after celocentesis, the estimated celomic fluid glucose concentration in experimental animals ranged between 5 mg/mL and 83.8 mg/mL (8-140 times the physiologic glucose concentration of 0.6 mg/mL). All animals delivered live newborns at term without congenital abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that transitory increases in the extra-celomic fluid glucose concentration are not likely to cause a spontaneous abortion detectable with the sample size of our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. santoljo@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santolaya-Forgas
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Leon-Luis
authors.forename: Nandor Gabor
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Than
authors.forename: Joon-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wildman
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D010215:Papio; D019152:Paracentesis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005947:Glucose