title: Improving cancer screening among women with mobility impairments: randomized controlled trial of a participatory workshop intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of an intervention to promote mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among women with mobility impairments overdue for screenings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban and suburban Oregon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women aged 35 to 64 with mobility impairments who reported not receiving a Pap test in the past 3 years and/or mammogram (if age >40 years) in the last 2 years were eligible. A total of 211 women were randomized, and 156 completed the study (26% attrition). The majority were not employed and reported annual income <$10,000.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Promoting Access to Health Services (PATHS) program is a 90-minute, small-group, participatory workshop with 6 months of structured telephone support, based on the health belief model and social cognitive theory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perceived susceptibility to breast and cervical cancer, perceived benefits of and self-efficacy for screening, intention to be screened, and self-reported receipt of mammography and Pap testing. ANALYSIS . Chi-square tests to examine the proportion of women obtaining screening; analysis of covariance to examine change in theoretical mediators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention group received more Pap tests than the control group at posttest (intervention 61%, control 27%, n  =  71, p < .01). No significant group effect was observed for mammography (intervention 49%, control 42%, n  =  125, p  =  .45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that the PATHS intervention promotes Pap testing but not mammography among women with mobility impairments.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Institute of Disability and Development, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. petersonjana@umkc.edu
authors.forename: Jana J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Gloria L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Krahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009922:Oregon; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016387:Women's Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*