title: Shear bond strength evaluation of resin composite bonded to glass-ionomer cement using self-etching bonding agents with different pH: In vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the bonding ability of composite to unset glass-ionomer cement (GIC) using different self-etching bonding systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred samples of composite bonded to unset GIC were prepared and were divided into four groups. In Group A, composite was bonded to unset GIC employing a strong (pH 1) self-etch primer was used. In Group B, intermediary strong (pH 1.4) self-etch primer was employed. In Group C and D, mild (pH 2) and (pH 2.2) self-etch primer was employed. Shear bond strength analysis was performed at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis performed with one way analysis of variance and Tukey's test showed that the bond strength of composite to unset GIC was significantly higher for the mild self-etch primer group. In addition, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis was used to determine the composition of various structural phases identified by FE-SEM along the GIC-bonding agent interfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence this present study concludes that clinically the use of mild self-etching bonding agent over unset GIC has improved bond strength compared to the use of strong and intermediate self-etching bonding agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Deivanayagam
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kandaswamy
authors.forename: Karunamoorthy Jeyavel
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: Nagendrababu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venkateshbabu
authors.forename: Ilango
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Porkodi