title: Perceived discrimination and smoking among rural-to-urban migrant women in China.
abstract: Smoking may be a coping mechanism for psychosocial stress caused by discrimination. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of rural-to-urban migrant women working as restaurant/hotel workers (RHWs) and those working as sex workers (FSWs) in 10 Chinese cities to investigate whether perceived discrimination is associated with smoking. We interviewed RHWs at medical examination clinics and FSWs at entertainment venues. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios. Of the 1,696 RHWs and 532 FSWs enrolled, 155 (9.1%) and 63 (11.8%) reported perceived discrimination, respectively. Perceived discrimination was independently associated with ever tried smoking (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-2.23) and current smoking (PR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.32-4.79) among RHWs and ever tried smoking (PR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.16-1.61) and current smoking (PR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.28-2.06) among FSWs. Perceived discrimination is associated with higher prevalence of smoking among rural-to-urban migrant women in China.
authors.affiliation: Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. sshin@rohan.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Sanghyuk S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H Fisher
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Huilin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Gonghuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Novotny
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011287:Prejudice / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012147:Restaurants; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult