title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis: what we know and where are we headed?
abstract: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune mediated disease of the central nervous system, has historically been considered a disease of young adulthood. However, there has been increasing recognition that the disease can occur in adolescence and even early childhood and recent years have witnessed a surge of studies documenting the clinical features of the disease as it pertains to this young population. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on MS in childhood and adolescence, including the clinical presentation of the disease in this group, neuropathology and pathogenesis, magnetic resonance imaging findings, as well as neuropsychological and psychosocial considerations.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, USA. William.macallister@nyumc.org
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: MacAllister
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milazzo
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serafin
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*