title: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance healing of mandibular defects in the ramus of swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) injected locally or systemically on the bone regeneration of a 10-mm-diameter cylindrical noncritical-size defect in the ramus of the pig mandible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen Yorkshire pigs, weighing 60 to 80 kg, received bilateral 10-mm-diameter cylindrical surgical defects in each ramus of the mandible. Pigs received 1) a direct injection into the defect of 2.5 million carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled ASCs from 1 of 2 pig donors (n = 6); 2) an ear vein injection of 5 million carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled ASCs from 1 of 2 pig donors (n = 6); or 3) an ear vein injection of culture Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium without stem cells (control; n = 3). Pigs from each treatment were sacrificed at 1 hour, 2 weeks, or 4 weeks after surgery. Healing of the defect was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, fluorescent microscopy, and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone healing was accelerated in the ASC-injected treatment groups at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery compared with the control pigs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this animal model provide evidence that the injection of ASC locally into a bone defect or systemically can accelerate the healing of bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Shanna M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Goldwasser
authors.forename: Sherrie G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bionaz
authors.forename: Walter L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Zas
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Zaneta
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dymon
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008338:Mandibular Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D034421:Sus scrofa