title: Effect of training on physiological and biochemical variables of soccer players of different age groups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the effect of training on selected physiological and biochemical variables of Indian soccer players of different age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 soccer players volunteered for the study, were divided (n = 30) into 4 groups: (i) under 16 years (U16), (ii) under 19 years (U19), (iii) under 23 years (U23), (iv) senior (SR). The training sessions were divided into 2 phases (a) Preparatory Phase (PP, 8 weeks) and (b) Competitive Phase (CP, 4 weeks). The training program consisted of aerobic, anaerobic and skill development, and were completed 4 hrs/day; 5 days/week. Selected physiological and biochemical variables were measured at zero level (baseline data, BD) and at the end of PP and CP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase (P < 0.05) in lean body mass (LBM), VO(2max), anaerobic power, grip and back strength, urea, uric acid and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in body fat, hemoglobin (Hb), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in some groups in PP and CP phases of the training when compare to BD. However, no significant change was found in body mass and maximal heart rate of the players after the training program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study would provide useful information for training and selection of soccer players of different age groups.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Lab, Sports Authority of India, J. N. Stadium, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Indranil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: Gulshan Lal
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandra Dhara