title: Intermittent maximal exercise improves attentional performance only in physically active students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regular physical activity participation seems to be linked to brain metabolism and to be one factor responsible for different effects of high intensity exercise on cognition. Due to this, we investigated the effect of an intermittent maximal exercise intervention on a neuropsychological test requiring sustained and selective attention in a group of low and high physically active subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty six healthy students (age: M = 23.11, SD = 2.60 years) performed in a cross-over design an intermittent incremental exercise until they reached their maximal heart rate (HR Max; intervention condition) or rested for the same duration (control condition) followed by the administration of the d2-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant interaction between physical activity participation level and exercise effect on cognitive performance emerged, with only the more physically active participants improving the performance in the cognitive test after the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data extend the current knowledge base by showing that a higher participation rate in physical activity may lead to neurobiological adaptations that facilitate selected cognitive processes (i.e., attention) after high exercise intensities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland. henningb@ru.is
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Velasques
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arias-Carrión
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Voelcker-Rehage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D013334:Students