title: Seizure activity following cochlear implantation: is it the implant?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cochlear implantation is a successful method of auditory rehabilitation. This procedure has been associated with facial nerve and vestibular end-organ stimulation suggesting potential for extra-cochlear stimulation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential relationship between cochlear implantation and seizure activity in the pediatric implant population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local Research Ethics Board approval was obtained. The Hospital for Sick Children's Cochlear Implant Database from 1998 to 2011 was retrospectively reviewed. Based on a multidisciplinary team, patients who received a diagnosis of seizure disorder or had been investigated for seizure-like activity were identified and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen children from a group of 816 pediatric cochlear implant users were identified as having suspected seizure-like activity. Eventually 10 children were found to have seizures based on an evaluation by a pediatric neurologist and an electroencephalogram. Of these 10, only 3 children had new onset of seizures after cochlear implantation and 2 of these 3 suffered from global developmental delay and other medical comorbidities. No definite temporal connection was found between cochlear implant use and seizure activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cochlear implantation in the pediatric population continues to be a reliable and safe intervention for children. Overall the prevalence of post implantation seizure disorders in our population (0.37%) is lower than that of the overall population (0.5-1%). The presence of new-onset seizure activity following cochlear implantation is unusual and while there are theoretic possibilities of how a cochlear implant could be implicated in initiating seizures we were unable to find evidence to support this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, 2409, 1001 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3A6, Canada. tulika.sh@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tulika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinghal
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cushing
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Joelene F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Papsin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies