title: Obstetric decision-making and counseling at the limits of viability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence obstetric decision-making and counseling for periviable deliveries and to describe counseling challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one semistructured interviews were conducted with obstetricians who were recruited from 5 academic medical centers in Philadelphia. Two trained reviewers independently coded transcripts using grounded theory methods. Research software facilitated qualitative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circumscribed by institutional norms and clinical acuity, obstetric decision-making and counseling were influenced primarily by patient preferences. Perspectives on patient autonomy guided approaches to counseling. Thresholds for intervention varied from "attending to attending" and "institution to institution." Sociodemographic factors were not believed to influence clinical decision-making. However, obstetricians admittedly managed in vitro fertilization pregnancies more aggressively. Communicating uncertainty, managing expectations, assessing understanding, and relaying consistent messages across specialties were frequently described counseling challenges for obstetricians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of institutional variation and in vitro fertilization on periviable decision-making warrants further consideration. Interventions to train and support obstetricians in communicating uncertainty, managing expectations, and assessing values and understanding are needed.
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars program, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. btuckere@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Brownsyne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tucker Edmonds
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krasny
authors.forename: Sindhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003657:Decision Making; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D005328:Fetal Viability; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000941:ethics*; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy