title: Increased expression of dachshund homolog 1 in ovarian cancer as a predictor for poor outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the functional relationship between the levels of dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) expression and different subtypes of ovarian cancer and to investigate the possible prognostic value of DACH1 in ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining was deployed to determine the protein levels of DACH1. Staining was performed on patient samples, for whom the detailed follow-up data have been acquired during the last 10 years. Normal, benign, borderline, cancer, and metastatic ovarian cancer samples were included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of our study show that DACH1 protein levels increase with the invasiveness of the ovarian cancer. As the cancer progresses from benign and borderline to metastatic, DACH1 protein expression increases as well. Moreover, with the increase in expression, the subcellular distribution of DACH1 changes from nucleus in normal tissue to cytoplasm in cancer. Finally, DACH1 expression levels were compared with estrogen receptor α (ERα) levels, and the results showed that overall DACH1 levels were higher, whereas also DACH1 exhibited increased cytoplasmic expression in ERα-positive ovarian cancer samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that DACH1 is highly expressed in metastatic ovarian cancer compared with that of normal, benign, and borderline ovarian tissues and that it could play an important role in cancer growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Qingtao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.forename: Shaoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Beihua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C486747:DACH1 protein, human; D005136:Eye Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors