title: Role of cigarette sensory cues in modifying puffing topography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human puffing topography promotes tobacco dependence by ensuring nicotine delivery, but the factors that determine puffing behavior are not well explained by existing models. Chemosensory cues generated by variations in cigarette product design features may serve as conditioned cues to allow the smoker to optimize nicotine delivery by adjusting puffing topography. Internal tobacco industry research documents were reviewed to understand the influence of sensory cues on puffing topography, and to examine how the tobacco industry has designed cigarettes, including modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs), to enhance puffing behavior to optimize nicotine delivery and product acceptability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant internal tobacco industry documents were identified using systematic searching with key search terms and phrases, and then snowball sampling method was applied to establish further search terms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Modern cigarettes are designed by cigarette manufacturers to provide sensory characteristics that not only maintain appeal, but provide cues which inform puffing intensity. Alterations in the chemosensory cues provided in tobacco smoke play an important role in modifying smoking behavior independently of the central effects of nicotine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An associative learning model is proposed to explain the influence of chemosensory cues on variation in puffing topography. These cues are delivered via tobacco smoke and are moderated by design features and additives used in cigarettes. The implications for regulation of design features of modified risk tobacco products, which may act to promote intensive puffing while lowering risk perceptions, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. vrees@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Vaughan W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kreslake
authors.forename: Geoffrey Ferris
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Wayne
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Gregory N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine