title: TF--a novel cell-permeable and selective inhibitor of human protein kinase CK2 induces apoptosis in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormally high activity of protein kinase CK2 is linked to various diseases including cancer. Therefore, the inhibition of CK2 is a promising therapeutic strategy to fight this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened a library of synthetic molecules concerning their capacity to inhibit CK2. The activity of CK2 and their IC50 and Ki values were determined by a capillary electrophoresis assay. The effects of the inhibitor in a cell culture model were analyzed by cell counting, a viability assay, cytofluorimetry and Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best CK2 inhibitor found in this screen was 6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenylamino)methylen]dibenzo [b,d]furan-3(2H)-one, which we refer to as "TF". TF showed tight binding to CK2 with low IC50 (29 nM) and Ki (15 nM) values. TF inhibited only seven out of 61 human kinases tested (>70% inhibition). Incubation of LNCaP cells with 50 μM TF for 48 h decreased the intracellular CK2 activity by 50%, confirming that the inhibitor is membrane permeable. The decrease in activity was correlated with a severe reduction in cell viability. The reduction in cell viability is at least partly due to the induction of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In many cancers the protein kinase CK2 is significantly up-regulated and supports the neoplastic phenotype. New therapeutic strategies should be based on diverse reliable inhibitors to reverse the abnormal high levels to normal settings.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 44, D-66421 Homburg, Germany. claudia.goetz@uks.eu
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gratz
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kucklaender
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jose
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C576289:6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-((4-methylphenylamino)methylen)dibenzo (b,d)furan-3(2H)-one; D001572:Benzofurans; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D047390:Casein Kinase II