title: Mechanism of Pt(IV) sonochemical reduction in formic acid media and pure water.
abstract: Sonochemical synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) in formic acid solutions and pure water was investigated using a 20 kHz ultrasonic irradiation. The obtained results gave new insights on the underneath Pt(IV)  reduction mechanism in formic acid media under argon and in pure water under Ar/CO atmosphere. It was shown that in pure water sonochemical reduction of platinum ions occurs by hydrogen issued from homolytic water molecule split. Pt(IV) ion reduction appears to be a very slow process under argon atmosphere in pure water due to formation of oxidizing species like OH radicals and H(2)O(2) leading to reoxidation of intermediate Pt(II)  ions. Sonochemical reduction is accelerated manifold in the presence of formic acid or Ar/CO gas mixture. Solution and gas-phase analyses reveal that both CO and HCOOH act as OH(.) radical scavenger and reducing agent under ultrasonic irradiation. Their ability to reduce platinum ions at room temperature is enhanced due to the local heating in the liquid shell surround the cavitation bubble. An innovative synthesis route for monodispersed Pt NPs in pure water without any templates or capping agents in the presence of Ar/CO gas mixture is then proposed. Obtained Pt NPs within the range of 2-3 nm exhibited a strong stability towards sedimentation in water. Since Ar/CO atmosphere is the only restriction of the process, this procedure can be applied in various media and is also compatible with a large array of experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Sonochimie dans les Fluides Complexes, Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), UMR 5257-CEA-CNRS-UMII-ENSCM, Centre de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex, France. tony.chave@cea.fr
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chave
authors.forename: Nathalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitsche
authors.forename: Sergey I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Nikitenko