title: ¹¹¹In-DTPA⁰-octreotide (Octreoscan), ¹³¹I-MIBG and other agents for radionuclide therapy of NETs.
abstract: This paper is a critical review of the literature on NET radionuclide therapy with (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide (Octreoscan) and (131)I-MIBG, focusing on efficacy and toxicity. Some potential future applications and new candidate therapeutic agents are also mentioned. Octreoscan has been a pioneering agent for somatostatin receptor radionuclide therapy. It has achieved symptomatic responses and disease stabilization, but it is now outperformed by the corresponding β-emitter agents (177)Lu-DOTATATE and (90)Y-DOTATOC. (131)I-MIBG is the radionuclide therapy of choice for inoperable or metastatic phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas, which avidly concentrate this tracer via the noradrenaline transporter. Symptomatic, biochemical and tumour morphological response rates of 50-89%, 45-74% and 27-47%, respectively, have been reported. (131)I-MIBG is a second-line radiopharmaceutical for treatment of enterochromaffin carcinoids, mainly offering the benefit of amelioration of hormone-induced symptoms. High specific activity, non-carrier-added (131)I-MIBG and meta-astato((211)At)-benzylguanidine (MABG) are tracers with potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, yet their integration into clinical practice awaits further exploration. Amongst other promising agents, radiolabelled exendin analogues show potential for imaging and possibly therapy of insulinomas, while preclinical studies are currently evaluating DOTA peptides targeting the CCK-2/gastrin receptors that are overexpressed by medullary thyroid carcinoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK. jamshed.bomanji@uclh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jamshed B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bomanji
authors.forename: Nikolaos D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Papathanasiou
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C071632:SDZ 215-811; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D015282:Octreotide