title: Temperature-dependent development and reproductive traits of Tetranychus macfarlanei (Acari: Tetranychidae).
abstract: Development and reproductive traits of Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) were investigated on kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., at eleven constant temperatures. Tetranychus macfarlanei was able to develop and complete its life cycle at temperatures ranging from 17.5 to 37.5°C. At 15 and 40°C, a few eggs (2-4%) hatched but further development was arrested. Development from egg to adult was slowest at 17.5°C and fastest at 35°C for both females and males. Using Ikemoto and Takai's linear model, the estimated lower developmental thresholds for egg-to-female adult, egg-to-male adult and egg-to-egg development were 12.9-13.0°C. The thermal constants for the respective stages were 110.85, 115.99 and 125.32 degree-days (DD). The intrinsic optimum temperatures (T                         (Φ)) calculated by non-linear SSI model were determined as 24.4, 24.4 and 24.2°C for egg-to-female adult, egg-to-male adult and egg-to-egg development, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R                         (0)) was highest at 25°C (167.4 females per female) and lowest at 17.5°C (42.6 females per female). The intrinsic rate of natural increase, r                         (m), increased linearly with the rising of temperature from 0.102 at 17.5°C to 0.441 day(-1) at 35°C. These values suggested that T. macfarlanei could be growing quickly in response to increasing temperatures from 17.5 to 35°C and provide a basis for predicting its potential geographical range.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan. ullahipm@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mohammad Shaef
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.forename: Md Ahsanul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Gösta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nachman
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001459:Bangladesh; D005260:Female; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000502:physiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*