title: Factors affecting clot lysis rates in patients with spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the treatment of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), thrombolytic use and clot size are known to influence clot lysis rates. We evaluated the effect of other variables on IVH clot lysis rates among patients treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with IVH and intracerebral hemorrhage volume <30 mL requiring emergency external ventricular drainage from 2 multicenter trials were treated with intraventricular administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (n=78; 53 males, 25 females) or placebo (n=22; 7 males, 15 females). IVH volume was quantified daily by head CT. A segmented linear regression using an optimized spline knot for each patient was fit. Random effects linear regression was used to estimate the effect of prespecified patient characteristics on clot lysis rates over the first 6 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stability IVH volumes were larger in males (N=60; 54 ± 5 mL) than females (N=40; 36 ± 5 mL; P=0.01). Intraventricular thrombolytic treatment was associated with an increase in clot lysis rate of 14.6% of stability IVH volume/day before the spline knot compared with the placebo group (P<0.001). After adjustment for thrombolytic, higher baseline serum plasminogen and lower baseline platelet count were independently associated with an increase in clot lysis of 1.28%/day per 10-g/dL increase (P<0.001) and 0.70% /day per 10×10(3)/uL decrease (P<0.001) before the knot, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although thrombolysis remains the major determinant of IVH clot lysis rate, higher baseline serum plasminogen and lower platelet count also predict faster clot lysis. Further studies are needed to confirm whether plasminogen availability and thrombus structure impact IVH clot removal. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00650858.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. weziai@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Wendy C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ziai
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muschelli
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Penelope M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Keyl
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D057967:Infusions, Intraventricular; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010976:Platelet Count; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010958:Plasminogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator