title: Allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and dry eye syndrome (DES) are 2 of the most common anterior inflammatory disorders of the ocular surface and one does not preclude the coexistence of the other.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the potential overlap between AC and DES as comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the validated questionnaire known as Subjective Evaluation of Symptom of Dryness, we studied self-reported itchiness, dryness, and redness. In an outpatient optometric setting, 689 patients treated from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2011, were surveyed for their ocular history and categorized according to their reported level of discomfort of itchiness, dryness, and redness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients ranged in age from 5 to 90 years (median age, 25 years; 39.5% male; 60.5% female). In the studied 689 patients, clinically significant itchiness was found in 194 (28.2%), dry eyes in 247 (35.8%), and redness in 194 (28.2%). Symptom overlap was demonstrated in many of the patients. Of the 194 patients with itchiness, 112 (57.7%) had clinically significant dryness. In the 247 patients with dry eyes, 112 (45.3%) had clinically significant itch. Redness was apparent in 120 of the 194 patients with itch (61.9%) and 122 of the 247 patients with dryness (49.4%). Statistical analysis demonstrated that self-reported itchiness, dryness, and redness were not independent of each other (P<.001; Pearson χ(2) test). The odds of patients with "itchy eyes" also experiencing dry eyes were 2.11 times and the odds of these patients also experiencing redness were 7.34 times that of patients with nonitchy eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with "itchy eyes" consistent with AC also have dry eyes and redness. These results suggest that some symptomatic patients concomitantly have features of AC and DES.
authors.affiliation: eyemage@mminternet.com
authors.forename: Milton M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hom
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bielory
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005123:Eye; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens