title: [Experimental study on anti-metastasis effect of emodin on human pancreatic cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-metastasis effect of emodin on the pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 was treated with different concentrations of emodin (10, 20, 40 micromol x L(-1)) for 2 h, the effects of emodin on the migration and invasion of SW1990 cells were examined by using wound assay and matrigel counting. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NF-kappaB and MMP-9 in SW1990 cells after various concentrations of emodin (10, 20, 40 micromol x L(-1)) treatment for 48 h. Metastatic model simulating human pancreatic cancer was established by orthotropic implantation of histologically intact human tumor tissue into pancreatic wall of nude mice, and then divided into three groups: control group, low-dose emodin group (L-EMO) and high-dose emodin group (H-EMO). Eight weeks after implantation, the presences of metastasis were evaluated respectively after the mice were sacrificed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of CD34, NF-kappaB and MMP-9 in the tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emodin suppressed the migration and invasion of SW1990 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western bolt assay indicated that emodin down-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB and MMP-9 proteins in SW1990 cells. The incidences of metastasis were decreased significantly in L-EMO group and H-EMO group as compared with that in control group. The percentage of CD34, NF-kappaB and MMP-9-positive cells in the tumors were significantly reduced by the administration of emodin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emodin exerts anti-metastatic activity in pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo, which may be related to down-regulation of NF-kappaB and MMP-9.
authors.affiliation: First People Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang 414000, China. 352905634@qq.com
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lixiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shengzhang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004642:Emodin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D004642:Emodin