title: Development of the participation scale for patients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on the development of a participation measure for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF)-the Participation Scale for Patients with CHF (PS-CHF)-and the determination of its unidimensionality, reliability, and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included two rounds of data collections: 62 patients enrolled in the first round for the purpose of item reduction, and 130 CHF patients and 96 healthy controls participated in the second round for questionnaire validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PS-CHF was organized into five items designed to ask about limitations to participation. The PS-CHF score ranges from 5 points (lowest level of participation) to 20 points (highest level of participation). On Rasch analysis, the item calibrations ranged from +0.51 logit for the most difficult item to -0.56 logit for the least difficult item. The range of mean square statistics values was 1.20-0.81 for infit and 1.34-0.72 for outfit. The intraclass correlation coefficient between scores from two successive administrations of the PS-CHF, separated by 2 wks, was 0.94. The total PS-CHF score in CHF patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PS-CHF was developed to determine a disease-specific participation measure for patients with CHF. The PS-CHF may serve as a clinically meaningful outcome measure for CHF patients.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirashiki
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohara
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome