title: Cocaine-using patients with a normal or nondiagnostic electrocardiogram: single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few trials have examined the outcomes of patients who use cocaine with chest pain and who have a normal or nondiagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) and the use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to compare the characteristics and overall outcomes in cocaine users vs non-cocaine users presenting to the emergency department with a normal/nondiagnostic ECG and to assess the value of rest MPI in both of these populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with symptoms compatible with myocardial ischemia, suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and a normal/nondiagnostic ECG were enrolled in the Emergency Room Assessment of Sestamibi for Evaluation of Chest Pain (ERASE Chest Pain) trial, a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the impact of rest MPI on triage decisions. Cocaine users (n = 294) were compared to non-cocaine users (n = 2180). Cocaine users were younger than non-cocaine users, and 72% were male.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the cocaine users, 2.4% had a myocardial infarction, 1.4% required percutaneous coronary intervention, and none of the patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Among cocaine users with a final diagnosis of not ACS, randomization of patients to rest SPECT MPI resulted in an appropriate reduction in hospital admissions in both the cocaine users (P = 0.011) and the non-cocaine users (P < 0.001), suggesting improved triage when MPI was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cocaine users with a normal/nondiagnostic ECG are at low risk of cardiac events. Even though cocaine users are at low risk of cardiac events, SPECT MPI remains effective in the risk stratification and improves triage management decisions resulting in lower admission rates and more discharges to home.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. rhendel@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hendel
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruthazer
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaparro
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Harry P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Selker
authors.forename: Joni R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Beshansky
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Udelson
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014218:Triage
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine