title: High caloric intake, poor cognition and dementia: the Caerphilly Prospective Study.
abstract: To examine the hypothesis that caloric intake in mid-life is associated with later dementia or cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND). A prospective cohort study was conducted in Caerphilly, South Wales, United Kingdom. Men aged 45-59 years were identified from the electoral roll and general practice. 2,512 men were examined between July 1979 until September 1983. Four follow-up examinations were conducted every 4-5 years until 2004. Participants were categorized on the basis of their average daily caloric intake over each of the first three phases. Outcomes were CIND and dementia ascertained at phase five (2004). 192 men (15% of 1,248 participants at phase five) had CIND and 100 (8%) dementia. Age adjusted odds ratios demonstrated strongest associations between average energy consumption and vascular CIND or dementia (OR 1.62 95% CI 1.25-2.10). Adjustment for nutritional factors, vascular disease, diabetes, smoking, BP and BMI if anything increased the association (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.03-2.60). After adjusting for social class, associations were attenuated and consistent with chance (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.92-2.38). When adjusted for social class, the previously observed association between caloric intake and cognitive outcomes is modest, consistent with chance, and may be due to residual confounding.
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK. samcreavin@nhs.net
authors.forename: Samuel Thomas
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Creavin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallacher
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pickering
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fehily
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben-Shlomo
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D014852:Wales