title: Cigarette smoking as a target for potentiating outcomes for methamphetamine abuse treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cigarette smoking occurs frequently among individuals with methamphetamine (MA) dependence. Preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested that the common co-abuse of MA and cigarettes represents a pharmacologically meaningful pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is a secondary analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of bupropion treatment for MA dependence (bupropion n = 36; placebo n = 37). A hierarchical logistic modelling approach assessed the efficacy of bupropion for reducing MA use separately among smokers and non-smokers. Among smokers, relations between cigarettes smoked and MA use were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking status did not affect treatment responsiveness in either the bupropion condition or the placebo condition. In the placebo condition, increased cigarette use was associated with an increased probability of MA use during the same time period. This effect was not observed in the bupropion condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial smoking status did not impact treatment outcomes. Among smokers, results suggest that bupropion may dissociate cigarette and MA use. The effect was modest and a precise pharmacological mechanism remains elusive. Cholinergic systems may be relevant for MA use outcomes. Future studies should continue to assess the role of smoking in MA treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA. mbrensilver@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brensilver
authors.forename: Keith G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Heinzerling
authors.forename: Aimee-Noelle
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Donatello
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Telesca
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Furst
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shoptaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016642:Bupropion; D008694:Methamphetamine