title: Immunoglobulin G subclass levels and antibody responses to the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) monovalent vaccine among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected adults.
abstract: Immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels are important for antibody vaccine responses and IgG subclass deficiencies have been associated with severe 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infections. Studies have demonstrated variations in immune responses to the H1N1 vaccine, but the aetiology of this is unknown. We determined the associations between pre-vaccination overall and influenza-specific IgG subclass levels and 2009 H1N1-specific antibody responses post-vaccination (robust versus poor at day 28) stratified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate whether pre-vaccination IgG subclass levels were associated with the antibody response generated post-vaccination. We evaluated 48 participants as part of a clinical study who were stratified by robust versus poor post-vaccination immune responses. Participants had a median age of 35 years; 92% were male and 44% were Caucasian. HIV-infected adults had a median CD4 count of 669 cells/mm(3) , and 79% were receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy. HIV-infected participants were more likely to have IgG2 deficiency (<240 mg/dl) than HIV-uninfected individuals (62% versus 4%, P < 0·001). No association of pre-vaccination IgG subclass levels (total or influenza-specific) and the antibody response generated by HIN1 vaccination in either group was found. In summary, pre-vaccination IgG subclass levels did not correlate with the ability to develop robust antibody responses to the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) monovalent vaccine. IgG2 deficiencies were common among HIV-infected individuals but did not correlate with poor influenza vaccine responses. Further investigations into the aetiology of disparate vaccine responses are needed.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. nancy.crum@med.navy.mil
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Crum-Cianflone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Defang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Eberly
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duplessis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Agan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lalani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faix
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines