title: Effect of the introducer technique compared with the pull technique on the peristomal infection rate in PEG: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peristomal infection is a main complication of PEG. The pull technique appears to be associated with higher infection rates compared with the introducer technique, although published results are controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine which technique is associated with a higher risk of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies reporting rates of peristomal infection after PEG performed by either the pull or introducer technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 2336 patients from 6 comparative and 10 observational studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine journal articles database), Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information databases and proceedings of two meetings, Digestive Disease Week and United European Gastroenterology Week, were searched. Both comparative and observational studies were included and analyzed separately.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effect measures from each comparative study were reported as the odds ratio (OR). The pooled effect was then calculated. The infection rate in each observational study was also calculated, and a summary effect was then determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparative studies, the risk of infection was significantly higher with the pull technique (OR 13.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-36.8; P < .0001). Similarly, observational studies also reported higher infection rates with the pull technique (10.7%; 95% CI, 4.9-21.8 with the pull technique vs 0.9%; 95% CI, 0.2-4.5 with the introducer technique).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few studies were available for inclusion, and there was a high risk of bias among the comparative studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pull technique appears to be associated with a significantly higher risk of infection compared with the introducer technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Araujo Jorge Hospital, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Moacir Oliveira
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Campoli
authors.forename: Adriano Augusto Peclat
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Luana Gomes
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Marilia Dalva
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Turchi
mesh_terms: D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology*