title: Challenges to nurse prescribers of a no-antibiotic prescribing strategy for managing self-limiting respiratory tract infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a qualitative study of the experiences of nurse prescribers in managing patients with self-limiting respiratory tract infections.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients frequently attend primary care with respiratory tract infections. Although a no-prescribing strategy is recommended for these consultations, general practitioners frequently prescribe antibiotics, citing non-clinical reasons such as patient pressure. Nurses increasingly manage people with respiratory tract infections, but research has not yet explored their experiences within such consultations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured interviews and focus groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen semi-structured interviews and three focus groups (n=5, n=4, and n=12) with a purposive sample of nurse prescribers (n=34) and other non-medical prescribers (n=2) were conducted between November 2009-November 2010. A qualitative approach was used to develop conceptual categories from the dataset, and emerging themes were explored in subsequent interviews/focus groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although participants reported experiencing numerous challenges within these consultations, they believed that they possessed some of the communication skills to deal effectively with patients without prescribing antibiotics. Participants reported that protocols supported their decision-making and welcomed the benefits of peer support in dealing with 'demanding' patients. However, the newness of nurses and other non-medical prescribers to the prescribing role meant that some were cautious in dealing with patients with respiratory tract infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training for nurses and other non-medical prescribers should focus on building their confidence and skills to manage people with respiratory tract infections without recourse to antibiotics. Further work should seek to explore which strategies are most effective in managing respiratory tract infections while maintaining patient satisfaction with care.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. samantha.rowbotham@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowbotham
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: Susie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moschogianis
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chew-Graham
authors.forename: Lis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cordingley
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wearden
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003139:Common Cold / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents