title: DNA conjugated SWCNTs enter endothelial cells via Rac1 mediated macropinocytosis.
abstract: Several applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as nanovectors in biological systems have been reported, and several molecular pathways of cellular entry have been proposed. We employed transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis to confirm the internalization of DNA-SWCNT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Additionally, by using pharmacological inhibitors as well as genetic approaches, we have found that SWCNT is endocytosed through Rac1- GTPase mediated macropinocytosis in normal endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roxbury
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Debabrata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jagota
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D009761:Nystatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010316:Particle Size; D010873:Pinocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013499:Surface Properties; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; C107953:RAC1 protein, human; D009761:Nystatin; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D000584:Amiloride; D004247:DNA; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D015739:Nocodazole; D002746:Chlorpromazine