title: Craniofacial anomalies amongst births at two hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya.
abstract: The pattern of congenital oral and craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) in the Kenyan population remains unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of occurrence of CFAs at two hospitals in Nairobi. A descriptive cross-sectional study at the Kenyatta National Hospital and Pumwani Maternity Hospital was carried out from November 2006 to March 2007. Mothers who delivered at the hospitals consented to an interview and physical examination of their babies within 48 h of delivery. The anomalies were classified for type and magnitude. Data were analysed to determine the association of these anomalies with ages of the mothers, gender, weight, birth order, mode of delivery and birth status of the babies. During the study period, 7989 babies were born. The CFAs manifested in 1.8% of the total births and were more common in female (1.4%) than in male (1.0%) live births. 12.8% of stillbirths had CFAs, with lesions manifesting more in males (16.7%) than in females (6.9%). The commonest CFA was preauricular sinus (4.3/1000) followed by hydrocephalus (1.9/1000) then preauricular tags and cleft lip and palate (1.5/1000 and 1.3/1000 total births, respectively).
authors.affiliation: University of Nairobi, School of Dental Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya. oatanasias@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odhiambo
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rotich
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chindia
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Macigo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ndavi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Were
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001722:Birth Order; D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000002:abnormalities; D012737:Sex Factors; D012868:Skin Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult