title: High intensity training induces alteration of the ubiquitin-proteasome             system gene expression profile and structural changes in the ovaries.
abstract: The female reproductive system is highly sensitive to physiological stress.             However, the mechanism(s) involved in dysfunction of the ovaries induced by high             intensity exercise training remain unknown. In the present study, we established             a rat model of high intensity exercise training, and investigated the morphological             and functional changes in ovaries. Furthermore, we profiled the differential gene             expression in the ovaries between high intensity exercise training rats and control             rats by restriction fragment differential display PCR. Differentially expressed             genes were validated by real-time PCR. The results showed that the weight and             microstructure of the ovaries were significantly altered in the exercise training             group rats. In addition, the levels of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone             and follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly decreased in the exercise             training group rats compared with the control group rats. Immunohistochemistry             revealed weak expression of estradiol, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor             in ovarian tissues from the high intensity exercise training group compared with             the control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles of the exercise training             and control group rats were analyzed, and differentially expressed genes, such             as those involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, were identified. Our results             indicate that high intensity exercise training can suppress the cellular function             of the ovary glands. The mechanism may involve a series of alterations in the             expression of genes particularly associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Ruohong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Guiming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qiongjia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D025801:Ubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex