title: Polar dibenzocyclooctynes for selective labeling of extracellular glycoconjugates of living cells.
abstract: Although strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions (SPAAC) have found wide utility in biological and material sciences, the low polarity and limited water solubility of commonly used cyclooctynes represent a serious shortcoming. To address this problem, an efficient synthetic route has been developed for highly polar sulfated dibenzocyclooctynylamides (S-DIBO) by a Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 1,2-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamides with trichlorocyclopropenium cation followed by a controlled hydrolysis of the resulting dichlorocyclopropenes to give bis(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclooctacyclopropenones, which were subjected to methoxy group removal of the phenols, O-sulfation, and photochemical unmasking of the cyclopropenone moiety. Accurate rate measurements of the reaction of benzyl azide with various dibenzylcyclooctyne derivatives demonstrated that aromatic substitution and the presence of the amide function had only a marginal impact on the rate constants. Biotinylated S-DIBO 8 was successfully used for labeling azido-containing glycoconjugates of living cells. Furthermore, it was found that the substitution pattern of the dibenzylcyclooctynes influences subcellular location, and in particular it has been shown that DIBO derivative 4 can enter cells, thereby labeling intra- and extracellular azido-modified glycoconjugates, whereas S-DIBO 8 cannot pass the cell membrane and therefore is ideally suited for selective labeling of cell surface molecules. The ability to selectively label cell surface molecules will yield unique opportunities for glycomic analysis and the study of glycoprotein trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Friscourt
authors.forename: Petr A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ledin
authors.forename: Ngalle Eric
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Mbua
authors.forename: Heather R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Flanagan-Steet
authors.forename: Margreet A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wolfert
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steet
authors.forename: Geert-Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Boons
mesh_terms: D003516:Cycloparaffins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D003516:Cycloparaffins; D006001:Glycoconjugates