title: Thrombin induces an inflammatory phenotype in a human brain endothelial cell line.
abstract: In this study, we utilized the human brain endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, to determine the effects of the coagulation factor, thrombin, on the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). We show that thrombin increased the mRNA and cell surface levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in hCMEC/D3 cells. Thrombin similarly upregulated several chemokines implicated in human neurological conditions. Additionally, the paracellular permeability of the human BBB in vitro was also increased following thrombin treatment. Overall, this study demonstrates that thrombin can effectively induce an inflamed phenotype in an in vitro human BBB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Leah M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Alabanza
authors.forename: Margaret S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bynoe
mesh_terms: D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000633:toxicity*; D010641:Phenotype; D013917:Thrombin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D013917:Thrombin