title: Features of semiplanotron surface plasma sources.
abstract: Features of the semiplanotron surface plasma sources (SPS) with cesiation used for high efficient negative ion beam production from first development to modern condition are considered. Design features of semiplanotrons SPS with cylindrical and spherical geometric focusing and the features of the negative ion production in the semiplanotrons are reviewed. Several versions of semiplanotrons with efficiency up to 0.1 A of H(-) per kW of discharge power are discussed. Modifications of the semiplanotrons for dc operation and for heavy negative ion production are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Muons, Inc., Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA. vadim@muonsinc.com
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dudnikov