title: A history of ventricular neuroendoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the history of neuroendoscopy through the history of the major neurosurgeons who worked and published in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  All relevant data described in publications before 1980 about the history of neuroendoscopy and found through OVID MEDLINE searches and related references are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contributions of 14 neurosurgeons who were pioneers in neuroendoscopy are described in chronologic order: Lespinasse, Dandy, Payr, Mixter, Fay, Grant, Volkmann, Putnam, Dereymacker, Scarff, Feld, Guiot, Fukushima, and Griffith.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An historical review of ventricular neuroendoscopy remains by essence incomplete. Medical technical progress proceeds by leaps and bounds, related to the ingenuity of surgeons able to understand rapidly the value of a technical change to improve their surgical procedure. The ability to remain attentive to patients and evolving pathologies as well as the evolution of modern technology is required to make further progress in neuroendoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurochirurgie, Faculté de Médecine Upec, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France. philippe.decq@hmn.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Decq
authors.forename: Henry W S
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cappabianca
mesh_terms: D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery; D044582:Neuroendoscopes / Q000266:history; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000266:history*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000266:history; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000266:history