title: Deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is involved in the formation and maintenance of the diapause embryos of Artemia.
abstract: The modification of proteins by ubiquitination and deubiquitination plays an important role in various cellular processes. BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme whose function in the control of the cell cycle requires both its deubiquitinating activity and nuclear localization. In the present study, a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase belonging to the BAP1 family was identified and characterized from Artemia parthenogenetica, a member of a family of brine shrimp that, under certain conditions, produce and release diapause embryos in which cell division and turnover of macromolecules are arrested. Western blot analysis and in vitro enzyme activity assay revealed ArBAP1 to be a cytoplasmic protein with typical ubiquitin hydrolase activity. Northern blot analysis revealed that ArBAP1 was abundant in the abdomen of Artemia producing diapause-destined embryos. Furthermore, by in situ hybridization, ArBAP1 was located exclusively in the embryos. In vivo knockdown of ArBAP1 by RNA interference resulted in the formation of embryos with split shells and abortive nauplii. The present findings suggest that ArBAP1, the first reported cytoplasmic BAP1, participates in the formation of diapause embryos and plays an important role in the control of cell cycle arrest in these encysted embryos.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sheng-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yan-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ye-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Wei-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000201:enzymology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D034622:RNA Interference; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase