title: Effect of hydrazine based deproteination protocol on bone mineral crystal structure.
abstract: In several bone deproteination protocols the chemical agent used for protein cleavage is hydrazine. The effect of hydrazine deproteination method on the crystal size and crystallinity of the bone mineral was studied. Bovine bones were subjected to this protocol and the crystal size and crystallinity of the remaining bone mineral were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), by measuring the width at the half of the maximum intensity of the (002) reflection. It was found that hydrazine deproteination induces noteworthy increase of crystal size and crystallinity. The effect was enhanced by increasing hydrazine temperature from 25 to 55°C. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydrazine facilitates the removal of carbonate and acid phosphate ions from bone mineral. It is proposed that the mechanism of modification of crystal size and crystallinity lies on the removal of these ions thus, resulting in crystal re-organization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Karampas
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Orkoula
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kontoyannis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D006834:Hydrazines; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C475044:hydroxyapatite cement; C029424:hydrazine; C030782:carboapatite