title: Domestic airborne black carbon and exhaled nitric oxide in children in NYC.
abstract: Differential exposure to combustion by-products and allergens may partially explain the marked disparity in asthma prevalence (3-18%) among New York City neighborhoods. Subclinical changes in airway inflammation can be measured by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). FeNO could be used to test independent effects of these environmental exposures on airway inflammation. Seven- and eight-year-old children from neighborhoods with lower (range 3-9%, n=119) and higher (range 11-18%, n=121) asthma prevalence participated in an asthma case-control study. During home visits, FeNO was measured, and samples of bed dust (allergens) and air (black carbon; BC) were collected. Neighborhood built-environment characteristics were assessed for the 500 m surrounding participants' homes. Airborne BC concentrations in homes correlated with neighborhood asthma prevalence (P<0.001) and neighborhood densities of truck routes (P<0.001) and buildings burning residual oil (P<0.001). FeNO concentrations were higher among asthmatics with than in those without frequent wheeze (≥4 times/year) (P=0.002). FeNO concentrations correlated with domestic BC among children without seroatopy (P=0.012) and with dust mite allergen among children with seroatopy (P=0.020). The association between airborne BC in homes and both neighborhood asthma prevalence and FeNO suggest that further public health interventions on truck emissions standards and residual oil use are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chillrud
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mellins
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Beizhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Divjan
authors.forename: Omar E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Olmedo
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopez-Pintado
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: Frederica P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Judith S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Inge F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rundle
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Perzanowski
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D001944:Breath Tests; D002244:Carbon; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002244:Carbon