title: Higher serum concentrations of dietary antioxidants are associated with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers during the year after hip fracture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic inflammation impairs recovery among the 1.6 million people who suffer from hip fracture annually. Vitamin E and the carotenoids are two classes of dietary antioxidants with profound anti-inflammatory effects, and the goal of this study was to assess whether higher post-fracture concentrations of these antioxidants were associated with lower levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNF-αR1), two common markers of inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of the dietary antioxidants and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 month follow-up visits among 148 hip fracture patients from The Baltimore Hip Studies. Generalized estimating equations modeled the relationship between baseline and time-varying antioxidant concentrations and inflammatory markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher post-fracture concentrations of vitamin E and the carotenoids were associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers. Associations were strongest at baseline, particularly between the α-tocopherol form of vitamin E and sTNF-αR1 (p = 0.05) and total carotenoids and both sTNF-αR1(p = 0.01) and IL-6 (p = 0.05). Higher baseline and time-varying α-carotene and time-varying lutein concentrations were also associated with lower sTNF-αR1 at all post-fracture visits (p ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that a clinical trial increasing post-fracture intake of vitamin E and the carotenoids may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 520 W. Lombard Street, East Hall, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. cdadamo@compmed.umm.edu
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: D'Adamo
authors.forename: Ram R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shardell
authors.forename: Denise L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Orwig
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yu-Yahiro
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magaziner
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D015142:Baltimore; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D014975:Lutein