title: Connective tissue graft plus resin-modified glass ionomer restoration for the treatment of gingival recession associated with non-carious cervical lesions: microbiological and immunological results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was previously reported the clinical results of placing subgingival resin-modified glass ionomer restoration for treatment of gingival recession associated with non-carious cervical lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of this treatment on the subgingival biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients presenting the combined defect were selected. The defects were treated with either connective tissue graft plus modified glass ionomer restoration (CTG+R) or with connective tissue graft only (CTG). Evaluation included bleeding on probing and probing depth, 5 different bacteria targets in the subgingival plaque assessed at baseline, 45, and 180 days post treatments, and 9 inflammatory mediators were also assessed in the GCF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of each target bacterium were similar during the entire period of evaluation (p > 0.05), both within and between groups. The highest levels among the studied species were observed for the bacterium associated with periodontal health. Additionally, the levels of all cyto/chemokines analyzed were not statistically different between groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that the presence of subgingival restoration may not interfere with the subgingival microflora and with GCF inflammatory markers analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This approach usually leads to the placement of a subgingival restoration. There is a lack of information about the microbiological and immunological effects of this procedure. The results suggest that this combined approach may be considered as a treatment option for the lesion included in this study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics-College of Dentistry, State University of São Paulo-UNESP, Av. Eng Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, Cep. 12245-000. mauro.santamaria@fosjc.unesp.br
authors.forename: Mauro Pedrine
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.forename: Marcio Zaffalon
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: Francisco Humberto
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.forename: Antônio Wilson
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Enilson Antônio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Ikramuddin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aukhil
authors.forename: Shannon Margaret
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wallet
authors.forename: Luciana Machion
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shaddox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018441:Biofilms; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005881:Gingiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000637:transplantation; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D057085:Tooth Wear / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007378:Interleukins; D019279:Resin Cements