title: Chronic stimulation of cultured neuronal networks boosts low-frequency oscillatory activity at theta and gamma with spikes phase-locked to gamma frequencies.
abstract: Slow wave oscillations in the brain are essential for coordinated network activity but have not been shown to self-organize in vitro. Here, the development of dissociated hippocampal neurons into an active network with oscillations on multi-electrode arrays was evaluated in the absence and presence of chronic external stimulation. Significant changes in signal power were observed in the range of 1-400 Hz with an increase in amplitude during bursts. Stimulation increased oscillatory activity primarily in the theta (4-11 Hz) and slow gamma (30-55 Hz) bands. Spikes were most prominently phase-locked to the slow gamma waves. Notably, the dissociated network self-organized to exhibit sustained delta, theta, beta and gamma oscillations without input from cortex, thalamus or organized pyramidal cell layers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9626, USA.
authors.forename: Stathis S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Leondopulos
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Boehler
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brewer
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003700:Delta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013826:Theta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase