title: Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and targets of nephroprotection: an update.
abstract: Cisplatin is a highly effective antitumor agent whose clinical application is limited by the inherent nephrotoxicity. The current measures of nephroprotection used in patients receiving cisplatin are not satisfactory, and studies have focused on the investigation of new possible protective strategies. Many pathways involved in cisplatin nephrotoxicity have been delineated and proposed as targets for nephroprotection, and many new potentially protective agents have been reported. The multiple pathways which lead to renal damage and renal cell death have points of convergence and share some common modulators. The most frequent event among all the described pathways is the oxidative stress that acts as both a trigger and a result. The most exploited pathways, the proposed protective strategies, the achievements obtained so far as well as conflicting data are summarized and discussed in this review, providing a general view of the knowledge accumulated with past and recent research on this subject.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Toxicological Analyses and Food Sciences of School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neife Aparecida Guinaim
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Maria Augusta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carvalho Rodrigues
authors.forename: Nadia Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Antonio Cardozo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020011:Protective Agents; D002945:Cisplatin