title: Use of a Dacron shape-memory intravascular coil to achieve slow, progressive occlusion of the jugular vein in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of shape memory Dacron polymer vascular coils to induce the complete, gradual occlusion of the canine jugular vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine purpose-bred dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen coils were deployed in nine dogs using fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous transvenous coil implantation. Individual coil formulations varied around a Dacron polymer base. Jugular vein diameter, percent vessel occlusion, and thrombus echogenicity were monitored at weekly intervals using ultrasonography. Affected jugular veins were harvested at 6 weeks post-implantation and histopathological analysis was performed to assess adventitial fibrosis, intimal layer thickening, and inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten coils migrated from the jugular veins to the pulmonary vasculature within 0-2 weeks following implantation. Three jugular veins achieved at least 90% occlusion at six weeks. Histopathology of these jugular veins revealed marked perivascular thickening and fibrovascular proliferation, increased infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, and abundant fibroplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete, gradual occlusion of a jugular vein was achieved in three dogs. Significant vessel wall reaction and inflammation can induce gradual vessel occlusion when a Dacron coil remains implanted within the jugular vein. Dacron polymer coils could be a feasible treatment option for the gradual occlusion of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs using minimally invasive, percutaneous transvenous implantation.
authors.affiliation: James L. Voss Veterinary Medical Center and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nanfelt
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Marolf
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monnet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates