title: Ameliorative effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on inflammation in focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury.
abstract: The present study investigated the neuroprotective potential of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (DG) in focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury in mice. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of the mouse was used. Mice were treated with DG (20mg/kg per day, intraperitoneal injection) or saline as control, from the beginning of the reperfusion to 7 days. The focal cerebral IR injury resulted in significant neurological deficits, infarct size, and brain water content (BWC) at 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after MCAO. A significant increase in various inflammatory mediators like interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also observed in the IR challenged brains. The DG treatment significantly improved neurofunction, decreased infarct size, and suppressed edema in the focal cerebral IR injury. The neuroprotective effect of DG was found to be associated with significant reduction in the IL-1, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB and GFAP levels. In summary, this study suggested that DG has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral IR injury and this effect is likely related to DG's anti-inflammatory function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
authors.forename: Shao-Zhang
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhong-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid