title: Genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1, CYP2C9, CYP4F2 in Bai, Tibetan Chinese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 are three critical genes associated with inter-individual variation of warfarin dose. Many dosing algorithms containing these gene polymorphisms and demographic characteristics have been set up for better use of warfarin. However, with distinct gene mutation frequencies among different ethnics, dosing algorithms differ greatly. For Chinese, related research just concentrate on Han Chinese, ignoring other Chinese ethnicities. This study aims to detect the popular polymorphisms in these three critical genes in Bai, Tibetan Chinese, to start the exploration of better use of warfarin in Chinese minorities.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR-based methods were used to analyze VKORC1 3673G > A, CYP2C9*3, CYP4F2 rs2108622 C > T in Han, Bai and Tibetan Chinese.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences among the mutation frequencies of the studied genes in three ethnicities were not statistically significant. The frequency of A-allele of VKORC1 3673G > A was 92.8%, 90.2%, 90.8% in Bai, Tibetan, Han Chinese, respectively. The frequency of *3-allele in CYP2C9*3 was low in Bai (4.5%), Tibetan (2.8%) and Han Chinese (4.6%). Approximately one fourth of each ethnic had the mutant T-allele of CYP4F2 rs108622. However, Bai Chinese got statistically higher A-allele frequency of VKORC1 3673G > A than previously studied Han Chinese did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bai Chinese got significant higher A-allele frequency of VKORC1 3673G > A.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Q S
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Leng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D000072470:Cytochrome P450 Family 4; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018609:Tibet / Q000453:epidemiology; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D000072470:Cytochrome P450 Family 4; C117480:CYP4F2 protein, human; C578523:VKORC1 protein, human; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases