title: Assessment of pulmonary restriction in cervical spinal cord injury: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of pulmonary restriction on the basis of a vital capacity (VC) below the lower limit of normal (LLN) and a normal or high forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))/VC ratio with the criterion standard of total lung capacity (TLC) less than LLN in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied (AB) controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Method comparison with criterion standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with cervical SCI (n=12; injury level, C5-7) and AB controls (n=12) matched for age, stature, and body mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  TLC via plethysmography; FEV(1) and VC via spirometry; and maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (P(Imax) and P(Emax)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants with SCI exhibited a VC less than LLN and a normal-to-high FEV(1)/VC ratio, whereas significantly fewer (8 of 12) participants with SCI exhibited a TLC less than LLN (P=.046). For the AB group, no participant exhibited a VC or TLC less than LLN. Percent-predicted VC was lower than the percent-predicted TLC in SCI (P=.013), whereas percent-predicted VC was higher than percent-predicted TLC in AB controls (P=.001). Percent-predicted P(Imax) was higher than P(Emax) in SCI (P=.001) but not AB controls (P=.146).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A VC less than LLN with a normal-to-high FEV(1)/VC ratio does not accurately predict pulmonary restriction in cervical SCI. When using spirometry to infer pulmonary restriction in cervical SCI, we recommend using a VC below 60% of the AB predicted value.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Ian G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Romer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*