title: Synergistic effect of angiotensin II type-1 receptor 1166A/C with angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism on risk of acute myocardial infarction in north Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This first study from north India investigated the synergistic effect of AT1R 1166A/C with the ACE I/D polymorphism on risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Traditional coronary risk factors, ACE I/D and AT1R 1166A/C polymorphism were analyzed in 350 patients with AMI and 350 matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, hypertension (52.9% vs. 11.1%; OR=8.9; 95%CI 6.0-13.3), diabetes mellitus (16.0% vs. 0.6%; OR=33.1; 95%CI 8.0-137), smoking (43.7% vs. 20.9%; OR=2.9; 95%CI 2.1-4.1), family history of coronary artery disease (22.3% vs. 14.0%; OR=1.8; 95%CI 1.2-2.6), high body mass index (64.3% vs. 51.4%; OR=1.7; 95%CI 1.3-2.3), high waist-hip ratio (46.2% vs. 2.3%; OR=37; 95%CI 16-85.8) and AT1R 1166AC genotype (20.6% vs. 12%; OR=1.9; 95%CI 1.3-2.9) were associated with AMI. In multivariate analysis, all these factors were found to be independent risk predictors for AMI. Subjects carrying the AT1R 1166AC+CC and ACE ID+DD combined genotype showed a twofold increased association (OR=2.1; 95%CI 1.2-3.5) compared with the AT1R 1166AA-ACE II combined genotype. Patients who smoked and who carried the ACE ID+DD genotype had 2.4-fold (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.5-3.8), and with the AT1R 1166AC+CC genotype had 15-fold (OR=14.9; 95%CI 5.2-42.8) increased risk of AMI compared with non-smoking non-carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AT1R 1166A/C polymorphism has association with AMI among north Indian patients, particularly if integrated with ACE I/D polymorphism and smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Rupinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: Rohit Manoj
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Talwar
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C544065:AGTR1 protein, human; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A