title: [Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with general anesthesia on changes of gastric dynamics in controlled hypotension dogs].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with general anesthesia on gastric dynamics in controlled hypotension dogs, so as to provide experimental evidence for compound acupuncture anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen male beagle dogs were randomly divided into general anesthesia group (GA group, n = 6), general anesthesia + controlled hypotension group (GA + OHT group, n = 6) and general anesthesia combined with TEAS + controlled hypotension group (TEAS group, n = 6). The latter two groups were administered with the same anesthetics [isofluane inhalation and intravenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] for inducing controlled hypotension (being the 40% of the baseline level). Beagles of the GA group were not treated with controlled hypotension (the initial concentration of SNP = 1 microg/kg x min(-1), and with an increase rate of 1 microg/kg x min(-1) until the controlled hypotension phase). In the TEAS group, TEAS [2 Hz/100 Hz, (4 +/- 1) mA]was applied to "Quchi" (LI 11) , "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Hegu" (LI 4), and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) from the beginning of the stable physiological condition phase to the end of the controlled-low mean arterial pressure (MAP) phase. Electrogastrogram (EGG) was recorded, and serum gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) contents were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the basic level, the amplitude value of EGG at 60 mm after controlled hypotension in the GA + CHT group was significantly lower (P < 0.05), while the amplitude level of EGG of the TEAS group at the time-point of MAP recovery was significantly higher than those of the GA and GA + CHT groups (P < 0.05). No significant changes were found among the 3 groups in the frequency levels of EGG. At the time-points of MAP recovery and 2 h after MAP recovery, serum MTL and GAS levels in the TEAS group were close to their basic level (P > 0.05), and serum GAS level at the time-point of 2 h after MAP recovery in the TEAS group was considerably higher than those in the GA and GA + CHT groups (P < 0.05). Twenty-four, 48 and 72 h after MAP recovery, serum GAS levels in the TEAS group were moderately (24 h and 48 h ) and significantly (72 h) higher than that of the basic level. No significant differences were found between the GA and GA + CHT groups in serum MTL and GAS levels at the time-points of 2, 24, 48 and 72 h after MAP recovery (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEAS combining with general anesthesia for controlled hypotension can improve the amplitude of EGG, and serum MTL and GAS contents, favoring the recovery of gastric dynamics and the functional protection of stomach.
authors.affiliation: The Third Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China. fangjianqiao@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jian-Qiao
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Le-Le
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Lin-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zhen-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ya-Di
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Mo
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D005755:Gastrins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007023:Hypotension, Controlled; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009037:Motilin / Q000378:metabolism; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D005755:Gastrins; D009037:Motilin; D007530:Isoflurane