title: The role of diet in the pathogenesis and management of irritable bowel             syndrome (Review).
abstract: Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) believe that diet plays             a significant role in inducing IBS symptoms and desire to know what foods to avoid.             It has been found that the intake of calories, carbohydrates, proteins and fat             by IBS patients does not differ from that of the background population. IBS patients             were found to avoid certain food items that are rich in fermentable oligo-, di-             and monosacharides and polyols (FODMAPs), but they did have a high consumption             of many other FODMAP-rich food items. The diet of IBS patients was found to consist             of a low calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin B2 and vitamin A content. There             is no consistent evidence that IBS patients suffer from food allergy, nor is there             documented evidence that food intolerance plays a role in IBS symptoms. Abnormalities             in gut hormones have been reported in IBS patients. As gut hormones control and             regulate gastrointestinal motility and sensation, this may explain the abnormal             gastrointestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity reported in these patients.             Guidance concerning food management which includes individually based restrictions             of FODMAP-rich food items and individual evaluation of the effects of protein-,             fat- and carbohydrate-rich/poor diets may reduce IBS symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Helse-Fonna Hospital, Stord, Norway. magdy.el-salhy@helse-fonna.no
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Salhy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ostgaard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hatlebakk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hausken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones