title: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update: therapeutic management.
abstract: Management of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) should include both prevention and treatment directed toward the underlying asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches should be followed. Preexercise warm-up, to take advantage  of the refractory period that follows EIB, is an important preventive technique. Dietary interventions such as fish oil, vitamin D, and ascorbic acid have shown promising results. Beta 2-agonists are considered the most effective agents for EIB at this time but intermittent use is recommended  to avoid tolerance or decreased effectiveness with daily regular use. Leukotriene inhibitors and mast cell stabilizing agents can be useful in EIB but are less effective than beta 2-agonists. Tolerance to beta 2-agonists is not prevented by concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroid but it  is not known whether use of leukotriene inhibitors can affect tolerance. EIB in elite athletes with no underlying asthma may have a different pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90025, USA.
authors.forename: Sheldon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D056352:Athletes; D004032:Diet; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists