title: The long-term surgical outcomes of secondary hemidystonia associated with post-traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to assess the effect of deep brain stimulation for secondary hemidystonias associated with focal post-traumatic brain injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients underwent deep brain stimulation for the treatment of medically refractory secondary hemidystonia associated with post-traumatic brain injury. Clinical outcome assessments were based on Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale movement and disability scores. Health-related quality of life was assessed using a 36-item short-form general health survey questionnaire administered preoperatively and at the last follow-up visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale movement scores had improved by 73.2% (range, 38.1-94.1) and disability scores had improved by 75% (range, 60-100) at the 2-year follow-up visit. The health-related quality of life assessment revealed satisfactory results at follow-up, such that body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, as well as emotional and mental health improved significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation can be used to modulate and ameliorate secondary hemidystonia associated with focal post-traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Pyung
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome