title: Associations between adverse childhood experiences, psychological distress, and adult alcohol problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the mediating role of psychological distress on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult alcohol problems by gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted on 7279 Kaiser-Permanente members, aged >18  years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychological distress mediated significant proportions of alcohol problems associated with childhood emotional abuse and neglect, physical abuse and neglect, mental illness in the household, parental separation or divorce, sexual abuse, and household drug use among  women and mental illness in the household, emotional neglect, physical abuse, household drug use, and sexual abuse among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be important to identify early childhood trauma and adult psychological distress in programs that focus on reducing alcohol abuse.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Public Health Surveillance Program Office, Division of Behavioral Surveillance, Atlanta, GA, USA. tws2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Tara W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Strine
authors.forename: Shanta R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: Valerie J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Angela Witt
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Prehn
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Morton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagenfeld
authors.forename: Satvinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhingra
authors.forename: Janet B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Croft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult