title: Measurement of cell death in Mammalian cells.
abstract: Methods for assessing mammalian cell death are presented in this unit. The unit is divided into six sections: (1) a brief overview of cytotoxicity and pathways of cell death, (2) a method to measure cell death using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as a marker of membrane integrity, (3) a flow cytometry method that simultaneously measures two types of cell death, necrosis, and apoptosis, (4) use of fluorescence microscopy and nuclear morphology to assess apoptosis and necrosis, (5) the use of multi-well plates and high-content analysis imaging systems to assess nuclear morphology, and (6) a discussion of the use of cytotoxicity assays to determine the mechanisms of cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Lauren P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: Rick G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schnellmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008322:Mammals; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011419:Propidium; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D011419:Propidium; C007293:DAPI; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase