title: Serum osteoprotegerin: bone or cardiovascular marker in Type 2 diabetes males?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is not well established. Moreover, the relationship between OPG, osteoporosis, and vertebral fractures in T2DM remains to be elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of serum OPG in the prediction of CVD and bone disease in T2DM males.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study with 68 males, 43 with T2DM and 25 subjects without diabetes. We measured: serum OPG by inmunoassay, the presence of CVD (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular and peripheral artery disease), surrogate markers of CVD [intima- media thickness (IMT) and aortic calcification] and bone disease (bone mineral density and prevalent vertebral fractures).
  
  
  RESULTS
  OPG serum levels (in pmol/l) were significantly higher in T2DM males with abnormal IMT (5.12 ± 1.59 vs 3.76 ± 1.98), carotid plaque (5.46 ± 1.67 vs 4.20 ± 1.81), aortic calcification (5.91 ± 1.39 vs 4.07 ± 1.76), hypertension (5.11 ± 1.86 vs 3.81 ± 1.47), and peripheral artery disease (6.24 ± 1.64 vs 4.21 ± 1.63, p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In the logistic regression analysis (after adjustment for age and main cardiovascular risk factors), serum OPG (per 1 pmol/l increase in OPG) was associated with increased risk of abnormal IMT [odds ratio (OR) 1.84, confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.79, p = 0.004), carotid plaque (OR 1.71, CI 1.13-2.58, p = 0.012), aortic calcification (OR 2.21, CI 1.27-3.84, p = 0.05) and peripheral artery disease (OR 4.02, CI 1.65-9.8 p = 0.002). However, OPG were not related to bone mass or vertebral fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that in T2DM males OPG serum concentrations constitute a marker of CVD, but not a marker of bone disease.
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit, Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rozas Moreno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reyes García
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Martín
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varsavsky
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Salcedo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Torres
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015519:Bone Density; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053244:Osteoprotegerin