title: What should we know about metabolic syndrome and lipodystrophy in AIDS?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevalence of chronic complications of HIV infection is increasing and early recognition and treatment of the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) are essential to prevent cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Considering this, we performed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence and risk-factors for MS among HIV-infected subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 819 patients followed at a large outpatient HIV unit were assessed by an interviewer-administered questionnaire that recorded several demographic, epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and social variables. Lipodystrophy diagnosis relied on agreement between patient's self-report and physician's observation of altered body-fat deposits. The presence of three or more of the following characteristics identified MS: increased waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol level, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. We used logistic regression analyses to study variables independently associated with MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MS was 20.6% and that of lipodystrophy was 38.5%. 61 (36.1%) out of 169 patients with MS had also lipodystrophy. Patients with metabolic syndrome were significantly more likely to be older (OR = 1.08), had higher CD4 counts (OR = 1.001), had an increased body mass index (OR = 1.27) and had longer exposure to antiretroviral therapy (OR = 1.01) than those without metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and factors associated with HIV infection itself, such as an increased CD4 cell count and a longer exposure to antiretroviral therapy, seem to be associated with metabolic syndrome in the present study population.
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Brazil. dariohart@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Dario Jose Hart Pontes
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Signorini
authors.forename: Michelle Carreira Miranda
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Marion de Fátima Castro de
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Dario Hart
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Signorini
authors.forename: Walter de Araújo
authors.initials: Wde A
authors.lastname: Eyer-Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents