title: Ibuprofen attenuates the inflammatory response and allows formation of migratory neuroblasts from grafted stem cells after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is hope for neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC) to enhance regeneration when transplanted to the injured brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, the therapeutic effects of NSPC transplantation have been hampered mainly by the notable death of the transplanted cells. Neuroinflammation may lead to additional cell death after TBI and we hypothesized that survival of grafted NSPC could be enhanced by anti-inflammatory treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice that were subjected to controlled cortical impact TBI and grafted with NSPC, were treated with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ibuprofen was found to down-regulate the TBI-induced inflammatory response. In addition, migrating neuroblasts from transplanted cells were observed near the contusion and in the ipsilateral hippocampus in ibuprofen-treated animals only, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory treatment had beneficial effects on graft survival and/or differentiation. However, Morris Water Maze performance or TBI-induced tissue loss was not influenced by ibuprofen treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggests that anti-inflammatory strategies may be a complement to enhance the outcome for the cell transplants following TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wallenquist
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holmqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hånell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marklund
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hillered
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forsberg-Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002452:Cell Count; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D037502:Galectin 3; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007052:Ibuprofen