title: Cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC) significantly extends visualization in the right colon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although colonoscopy is the standard procedure in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia, a significant number of clinically relevant lesions may be missed even by experienced endoscopists using current technology. Particular problems may occur with blind spots behind the semilunar folds and within the right colon. A transparent cap mounted at the tip of a colonoscope may be an easy way to extend the visual field during colonoscopy and may improve the detection rate of mucosal lesions. However, data in the literature are controversial and the quantity of the potential extension of visualization by a transparent cap has not been reported yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  The significance of cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC) to increase visualization within different colonic segments (rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, cecum) was quantitatively analyzed by randomized back-to-back colonoscopies with and without cap. The investigations were performed in a colonic training model by 5 investigators. The inner colonic surface was stained by a raster of dots and the number of dots counted during colonoscopy served as a measure for the visible surface area of each segment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time to advance the colonoscope to the respective colonic segments and the overall time to reach the cecum were not significantly different between conventional and CAC. In contrast, overall withdrawal time and withdrawal times for the cecum, ascending colon, descending colon and rectum were significantly longer for CAC, but not for the transverse and sigmoid colon. Visualization of the colonic surface was significantly increased during CAC. Overall, 59.76 ± 2.70 % of the maximal countable dots were visualized without cap and 85.36 ± 9.62 % with cap. The improvement of visualization was only significant for the right colon, but not for the rectum, sigmoid or descending colon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of the present study suggests that the extension of visualization by CAC may be of particular value for the right colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology, Neurogastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, HELIOS Klinikum, Krefeld, Germany. thomas.frieling@helios-kliniken.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frieling
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heise
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kreysel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hülsdonk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czypull
mesh_terms: D003106:Colon / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D020685:Colonoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007909:Lenses; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity