title: School participation and social networks of children with complex communication needs, physical disabilities, and typically developing peers.
abstract: The aim of the study was to describe and compare the school participation and social networks of children with physical disabilities and complex communication needs (Group CCN), children with physical disabilities only (Group PD), and children with typical development (Group TD). The 39 participants, 10-15 years of age, were observed for 4 hours at school. School staff and the parent and/or child provided information on children's social networks. A striking observation was that, while participants in Group TD continuously conversed and socialized with peers inside and outside classrooms; those in Group CCN rarely used aided AAC, were provided with limited communication opportunities at school, and had fewer acquaintances and friends. Findings warrant intervention at the participation level at school and in the community.
authors.affiliation: Novita Children's Services, Adelaide, Australia. parimala.raghavendra@flinders.edu.au
authors.forename: Parimala
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raghavendra
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Janelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McInerney
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Connell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012574:Schools; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric