title: Evaluation of enantioselective binding of propanocaine to human serum albumin by ultrafiltration and electrokinetic chromatography under intermediate precision conditions.
abstract: Stereoselectivity in protein binding can have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of chiral drugs. In this paper, the enantioselective binding of propanocaine (PRO) enantiomers to human serum albumin (HSA), the most relevant plasmatic protein in view of stereoselectivity, has been evaluated by incubation and ultrafiltration of racemic PRO-HSA mixtures and chiral analysis of the bound and unbound fractions by electrokinetic chromatography using HSA as chiral selector. Experimental conditions for the separation of PRO enantiomers using HSA as chiral selector and electrokinetic chromatography have been optimised. Affinity constants and protein binding in percentage (PB) were obtained for both enantiomers of PRO, as well as the enantioselectivity (ES) to HSA. Data were obtained in two independent working sessions (days). The influence of the session and fraction processed factors were examined. A univariate direct-estimation approach was used facilitating outliers' identification and statistical comparison. Non-linear fitting of data was used to verify the stoichiometry and affinity estimations obtained by the direct approach. Robust statistics were applied to obtain reliable estimations of uncertainty, accounting for the factors (day and processed fraction), thus representing intermediate precision conditions. Mimicking in vivo experimental conditions, information unapproachable by in vivo experiments was obtained for PRO enantiomers interacting with HSA. For the first (E1) and the second (E2) eluted PRO enantiomers the results were: 1:1 stoichiometry, medium affinity constants, logK(E1)=3.20±0.16 and log K(E2)=3.40±0.14, medium protein binding percentage, PB=48.7 and 60.1% for E1 and E2, respectively, and moderate but significant enantioselectivity, ES=K(E2)/K(E1)=1.5±0.3.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: María Amparo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gómez
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Escuder-Gilabert
authors.forename: Rosa María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Villanueva-Camañas
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagrado
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Medina-Hernández
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016014:Linear Models; D011437:Propylamines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D011437:Propylamines; D012709:Serum Albumin; C573539:propanocaine