title: Prevalence of HIV and anemia among pregnant women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is high among rural dwellers and pregnant women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV and anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in rural community of Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anticoagulated blood and sera samples were obtained from 480 women consisting of 292 pregnant and 188 non-pregnant women. Antibodies to HIV were detected in the sera samples and hemoglobin concentration of the anticoagulated blood specimens were determined using standard techniques. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration <11g/dl for pregnant women and <12g/dl for non-pregnant women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnancy was not a risk factor for acquiring HIV infection (pregnant vs. non-pregnant: 10.2% vs. 13.8%; OR=0.713, 95% CI=0.407, 1.259, P = 0.247). The prevalence of HIV was significantly (P = 0.005 and P = 0.025) higher in the age group 10-20 years and 21 - 30 years among pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively. Pregnancy was a risk factor for acquiring anemia (OR=1.717, 95% CI=1.179, 2.500, P = 0.006). Only the age of pregnant women significantly (P = 0.004) affected the prevalence of anemia inversely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HIV and anemia among pregnant women were 10.2% and 49.3% respectively. Pregnancy was associated with anemia. Interventions by appropriate agencies are advocated to reduce associated sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Edo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Bankole Henry
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Oladeinde
authors.forename: Richard Omoregie M
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Phil
authors.forename: Mitsan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olley
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Anunibe