title: Incidence of new cardiovascular events in patients with and without peripheral arterial disease seen in a vascular surgery clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the incidence of death and of new cardiovascular events at long-term follow-up of patients with and without PAD seen in a vascular surgery clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the incidence of death, new stroke/transient ischemic attack, new myocardial infarction, new coronary revascularization, new carotid endarterectomy, new peripheral arterial disease (PAD) revascularization, or at least one of the above outcomes at long-term follow-up of patients with and without PAD followed in a vascular surgery clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least one of the above outcomes occurred in 259 of 414 patients (63%) with PAD at 33-month follow-up and in 21 of 89 patients (24%) without PAD at 48-month follow-up (p<0.0001). Death occurred in 112 of 414 patients (27%) with PAD and in 10 of 89 patients (11%) without PAD (p=0.002). Stepwise Cox regression analysis for the time to at least one of the 6 outcomes showed that significant independent risk factors were men (hazard ratio =1.394; 95% CI, 1.072-1.813; p=0.013), estimated glomerular filtration rate (hazard ratio =0.992; 95% CI, 0.987-0.997; p=0.003), and PAD (hazard ratio =3.520; 95% CI, 2.196-5.641; p<0.0001). Stepwise Cox regression analysis for the time to death showed that significant independent risk factors were age (hazard ratio =1.024; 95% CI, 1.000-1.049; p=0.048), estimated glomerular filtration rate (hazard ratio =0.985; 95% CI, 0.974-0.996; p=0.007), and PAD (hazard ratio =2.157; 95% CI, 1.118-4.160; p=0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with PAD have a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular outcomes, especially death, new PAD revascularization, and new carotid endarterectomy, than patients without PAD followed in a vascular surgery clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chhabra
authors.forename: Wilbert S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Aronow
authors.forename: Chul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Jay D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Alexander I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Papolos
authors.forename: Babu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sateesh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors