title: [Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for lower urinary tract stones: complications and the contributing factors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treatment of lower urinary tract stones and identify the factors contributing to the complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the postoperative complications of ESWL in 83 patients with lower urinary tract stones and their association with the patients' age, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), stone features, shock wave times, and shock wave energy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 83 cases treated with ESWL, 72.3% (60 cases) showed gross hematuria, 27.7% (23 cases) complained of pain, and 25.3% (21 cases) had both pain and gross hematuria. None of the patients reported vomiting, skin rash, flatulence, gastrointestinal bleeding or other complications. Patients with postoperative gross hematuria, pain, and both had significantly greater stone length, stone width and more shock body times than those without these complications (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Patients with gross hematuria had significantly lower height than those without complications (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The common complications of ESWL for lower urinary tract stones include hematuria and pain. The patient's height, stone length, stone width and shock times are important factors contributing to these postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. zhouqizhao19841224@163.com
authors.forename: Qizhao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Cundong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Chengshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult