title: Determination of pig sex in meat and meat products using multiplex real time-PCR.
abstract: For specific production lines, European retail companies demand exclusively female pork meat. To control the quality of their suppliers the identification and a quantitative detection of the animal sex origin of the meat is therefore of importance for meat processors. To enable a fast and reliable detection of male pig meat, a real time-PCR-system was designed in the present study. This was based on the genes AMEL-X and AMEL-Y. The real time-PCR assay allowed the detection of male pig meat at a concentration of 1% yielding a detection probability of 100% while the detection probability investigating meat samples containing 0.1% male pig meat was 44.4%. The analytic sensitivity of this system was assessed to be <5 pg DNA per PCR reaction. The assessment of the accuracy of the real time-PCR assay to correctly identify sex individuals was investigated with 62 pigs including males (n=29) and females (n=33) belonging to different breeds/lines. With the newly designed test all analysed animals were correctly sexed. No amplification was obtained with cow, goat, sheep, turkey and chicken genomic DNA. The presented assay can be used for sex diagnosis, for the detection of male pig meat and for meat quality control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Hannover, Germany. amir.abdulmawjood@tiho-hannover.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdulmawjood
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krischek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wicke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D053523:Amelogenin / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053523:Amelogenin; D004247:DNA