title: Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of caecilians from Southeast Asia (Amphibia, Gymnophiona, Ichthyophiidae), with special reference to high cryptic species diversity in Sundaland.
abstract: We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and estimated the history of species diversification and character evolution in two ichthyophiid genera: Caudacaecilia and Ichthyophis. We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of 67 samples from 33 localities in Southeast Asia from 3840-bp sequences of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cyt b genes using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony methods. The Southeast Asian samples formed a well-supported clade differentiated from a South Asian sample. The Southeast Asian clade was divided into two subclades, one containing samples from South China, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, and Java. The other consisted of samples from Borneo and the Philippines. Neither Caudacaecilia nor Ichthyophis was monophyletic, nor did samples with or without light stripes lateral to the body form clades. We found several distinct sympatric lineages and undescribed species, especially from Sundaland.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. hynobius@zoo.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kanto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Hoi-Sen
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Norhayati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yambun
authors.forename: Daicus M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Belabut
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudin
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamidy
authors.forename: Nikolai L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Natsuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000663:Amphibians / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D061350:Sympatry
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C075526:RNA, ribosomal, 12S; D045303:Cytochromes b