title: Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of  caveolin-1 expression in canine mammary tumors.
abstract: Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a structural protein present in  invaginations of the cell membrane. In human breast cancer, the cav-1 gene  is believed to be a tumor suppressor gene associated with inhibition of tumor  metastasis. However, little is known about its expression, regulation and  function in canine mammary tumors. Expression levels of cav-1 were  investigated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical detection with an  anti-human Cav-1 antibody. Gene expression stability of different samples was  analyzed using the geNorm software. Mammary tumors from 51 female dogs were compared  to normal mammary tissue from 10 female dogs. Malignant mammary cells showed a  loss of Cav-1 expression by quantitative RT-PCR and weak Cav-1 staining  by immunohistochemistry compared to normal mammary gland tissue. There was a  significant relationship between outcome and immunostaining as well as with  tumor size, indicating that caveolin subexpression has a positive predictive  value and is related to higher survival and smaller tumor size. Our findings  indicate that Cav-1 is a potential prognostic marker for canine mammary tumors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil. debora.zuccari@famerp.br
authors.forename: D A P C
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Zuccari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gavioli
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Frade
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leonel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051242:Caveolin 1; D008565:Membrane Proteins