title: Most essential wheeled mobility skills for daily life: an international survey among paralympic wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To create a hierarchical list of the most essential wheeled mobility (WM) skills for everyday life of wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury (SCI), and to compare perceptions of WM gained during and after clinical rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study using survey questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Beijing Paralympic games, at the international zone of the Olympic village and in different sports venues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of men (N=49) and women (N=30) elite manual wheelchair user athletes with SCI (paraplegia, n=64; tetraplegia, n=15).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey with 24 predefined skills was distributed during the Beijing Paralympic games. Respondents were asked to rate the essentiality of each skill (1, not essential; 5, extremely essential); to state where, when, and with whom they have learned to perform each skill; and to mark the level of WM, which they gained during and after clinical rehabilitation, on 3 different WM visual analog scales (scores 1-10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rated as the most essential skill was transfer into and out of a car (mean ± SD, 4.7±0.7). Rated as the least essential skill was the 1-handed wheelie (mean ± SD, 1.9±1.3). Of the respondents, 57% have learned the most essential skills in clinical rehabilitation, while 40% claimed to have learned those skills afterward in a community setting. Three percent have never learned to perform the most essential skills. Of the very essential skills, 40% were self-taught. Mean score ± SD for the extent to which WM skills were gained in rehabilitation was 5.4±2.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main survey outcome is a sorted list of WM skills according to their essentiality for daily life of hand-rim wheelchair users with SCI. It is recommended to incorporate the skills that were graded as very essential and extremely essential during inpatient rehabilitation and in postrehabilitation WM workshops.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. douer@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Osnat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fliess-Douer
authors.forename: Yves C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Vanlandewijck
authors.forename: Lucas H V
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Van der Woude
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014910:Wheelchairs