title: [The expression of GABA(A) receptor alpha1 and GABA(B) receptor 1 in medulla oblongata solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus in the cases of tramadol intoxication].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the expression of GABA(A) receptor alpha1 (GABA(A)alpha1) and GABA(B) receptor 1 (GABA(B)1) in human medulla oblongata solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus due to tramadol-induced death.
  
  
  METHODS
  GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 were detected by immunohistochemical SP method in tramadol-induced death group and control group. All results were evaluated by images analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low expression of GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 were detected in solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus in the control brain tissue. In cases of tramadol-induced death, the expression of GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 significantly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanism of tramadol intoxication death could be caused by respiratory depression induced by over-expression of GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 in medulla oblongata solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. shuzhang0506@126.com
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hua-Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D001344:Autopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000378:metabolism*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000378:metabolism*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014147:Tramadol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; C546240:GABRA1 protein, human; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D014147:Tramadol