title: Performance of genotypic tropism testing on proviral DNA in clinical practice: results from the DIVA study group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The DIVA study is aimed at setting up a standardized genotypic tropism-testing on proviral-DNA for the routine clinical diagnostic-laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve local centres and 5 reference centres (previously cross-validated) were identified. For inter-center validation-procedure, 60 peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) aliquots from 45 HAART-treated patients were randomly chosen for population V3 sequencing on proviral-DNA at local HIV centre and at reference-laboratory. Viral tropism was predicted by Geno2Pheno algorithm (False Positive Rate [FPR] = 20%) as proposed by the European-Guidelines. Quantification of total HIV-1 DNA was based on a method described by Viard (2004).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantification of HIV-1 DNA was available for 35/45 (77.8%) samples, and gave a median value of 598 (IQR:252- 1,203) copies/10 PBMCs. A total of 56/60 (93.3%) samples were successfully amplified by both the reference and the local virological centers. The overall concordance of tropism prediction between local and reference centers was 54/56 (96.4%). Results of tropism prediction by local centers were: 33/54 (61.1%) R5 and 21/54 (38.9%) X4/DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was high concordance in the genotypic tropism prediction based on proviral DNA among different virological centers throughout Italy. Our results are in line with other European studies, and support the use of genotypic tropism testing on proviral DNA in patients with suppressed plasma HIV-1 RNA candidate to CCR5-antagonist treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Svicher
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alteri
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montano
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Arrigo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoni
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angarano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Allice
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bagnarelli
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldanti
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertoli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borderi
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boeri
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bon
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruzzone
authors.forename: Anna Paola
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Callegaro
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Capobianchi
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carosi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cauda
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceccherini-Silberstein
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chirianni
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colafigli
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Arminio Monforte
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Biagio
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Nicuolo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Perri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Pietro
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Santo
authors.forename: Lavinia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fabeni
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gennari
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ghisetti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacometti
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gulminetti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leoncini
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maffongelli
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maggiolo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manca
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gargiulo
authors.forename: Canio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maserati
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzotta
authors.forename: Genny
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meini
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monno
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mussini
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Narciso
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozza
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paolucci
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Giustino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parruti
authors.forename: Angela Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pignataro
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollicita
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quirino
authors.forename: Maria Carla
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Re
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzardini
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scaggiante
authors.forename: Gaetana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sterrantino
authors.forename: Ombretta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Turriziani
authors.forename: Maria Linda
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vatteroni
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vecchi
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viscoli
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zazzi
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarini
authors.forename: Carlo Federico
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Perno
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000592:standards; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D011533:Proviruses; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019562:Viral Load; D056189:Viral Tropism
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120