title: Aspirin-sensitive asthma and upper airway diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) consists of nasal polyposis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, and aspirin (ASA) sensitivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article details how to diagnose and treat AERD and describes the procedures associated with ASA  challenge and desensitization, benefits associated with ASA desensitization, and appropriate doses for treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Criteria for diagnosis of AERD as well as desensitization protocols for oral ASA challenge and combined intranasal ketorolac and oral ASA challenge,  are detailed in this article based on literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AERD requires a multidimensional approach to treat the disease given the multiple conditions. With successful ASA desensitization and maintenance of ASA administration, all patients are able to achieve ASA  tolerance and select patients are able to achieve improvement in clinical markers such as global scores and reduction in use of topical and systemic corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Clinic, 3811 Valley Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92126, USA. Chang.Jinny@scrippshealth.org
authors.forename: Jinny E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D055963:Asthma, Aspirin-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D020910:Ketorolac