title: Esophageal body motility in people with diabetes: comparison with non-diabetic healthy individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare esophageal motor characteristics between diabetics and healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Esophageal manometry was performed in 34 type 2 diabetics and 32 healthy individuals. Waves were evaluated in the 3 thirds of the esophagus (P1=upper, P2=middle, and P3=distal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In diabetics vs. controls, wave distribution was as follows: peristaltic waves, 83.5 ± 22.2% vs. 96.3 ± 4.4%, p<0.002; simultaneous waves, 3.26 ± 5.8% vs. 0.53 ± 1.3%, p<0.01; no transmitted waves, 10.62 ± 20.7% vs. 2.75 ± 3.0%, p<0.002; and retrograde waves, 2.68 ± 4.0% vs. 0.31 ± 1.1%, p<0.03. Wave amplitude was similar between groups. Average upstroke (mmHg/s) in diabetics vs. non-diabetics was P2, 33.8 ± 13.9 vs. 40.2 ± 17.7, p<0.03; and P3, 29.8 ± 15.3 vs. 41.3 ± 14.0, p<0.002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Simultaneous waves, no transmitted waves, and retrograde esophageal waves were significantly more frequent in diabetics. (2) Average upstroke was significantly lower within the middle and distal esophagus of diabetic individuals. (3) Wave amplitude was similar in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal. cambombo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: João Xavier
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Edgard Augusto
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Panão
authors.forename: Mário Amaral
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Cláudia Iracema Cardoso
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Fernando Jorge
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Alvaro Correia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Amílcar Lima
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Carlos Costa
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010528:Peristalsis; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values