title: Cell cycle-dependent subcellular distribution of ClC-3 in HeLa cells.
abstract: Chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) is suggested to be a component and/or a regulator of the volume-activated Cl(-) channel in the plasma membrane. However, ClC-3 is predominantly located inside cells and the role of intracellular ClC-3 in tumor growth is unknown. In this study, we found that the subcellular distribution of endogenous ClC-3 varied in a cell cycle-dependent manner in HeLa cells. During interphase, ClC-3 was distributed throughout the cell and it accumulated at various positions in different stages. In early G1, ClC-3 was mainly located in the nucleus. In middle G1, ClC-3 gathered around the nuclear periphery as a ring. In late G1, ClC-3 moved back into the nucleus, where it remained throughout S phase. In G2, ClC-3 was concentrated in the cytoplasm. When cells progressed from G2 to the prophase of mitosis, ClC-3 from the cytoplasm translocated into the nucleus. During metaphase and anaphase, ClC-3 was distributed throughout the cell except for around the chromosomes and was aggregated at the spindle poles and in between two chromosomes, respectively. ClC-3 was then again concentrated in the nucleus upon the progression from telophase to cytokinesis. These results reveal a cell cycle-dependent change of the subcellular distribution of ClC-3 and strongly suggest that ClC-3 has nucleocytoplasmic shuttling dynamics that may play key regulatory roles during different stages of the cell cycle in tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jianwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaobao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jiayong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Guixian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Weizhang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis; D016196:S Phase
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; C115376:ClC-3 channel