title: Clinical characteristics of ocular toxocariasis in Eastern China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with ocular toxocariasis in eastern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 35 cases of ocular toxocariasis in Fudan University Eye & ENT Hospital between May 2009 and April 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. UBM, RetCam or fundus imaging, and high-frequency or conventional ultrasonography were performed in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age in our series of ocular toxocariasis was 11.86 ± 8.80 years. There were 28 children and seven adults, the majority residing in a rural area (88.57%). All cases were classified into three clinical subtypes: granuloma in the peripheral retina (60% of cases); granuloma in the posterior pole (28.57% of cases); and vitreous inflammation mimicking chronic endophthalmitis (5.71% of cases). We also identified an additional subtype with unique clinical features that we termed "combined type" presenting in 5.71% of our patients. This subtype exhibited granulomas in both the posterior pole and peripheral retina. RetCam fundus imaging was able to identify granulomas in the posterior and peripheral subtypes, 100% and 80.95% of cases respectively. Moreover, UBM combined with conventional ultrasonography identified granulomas in 95% of the peripheral subtype cases and in 100% of the posterior pole subtype cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first ocular toxocariasis series described in Chinese patients. Compared with reports from developed countries, the ocular features in our series were more severe and complicated, presenting with poorer visual acuity and a high rate of retinal detachment (45.7%). The application of RetCam and UBM during examination in ocular toxocariasis can provide valuable information in determining the severity of disease and features important in considering surgical procedures in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yanqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Gezhi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wenji
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth