title: Therapeutic options for advanced prostate cancer: 2011 update.
abstract: Up to 40% of male patients diagnosed with prostate cancer develop metastatic disease that generally responds to initial chemical or surgical castration, but this eventually progresses despite castrate levels of testosterone, termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). A large phase 3 trial of abiraterone acetate in patients who have progressed following docetaxel based chemotherapy were published in 2011 and dramatically proved that CRPC is still androgen-dependant and responds to CYP17 inhibition. Overall survival benefits were also reported for a novel tubulin-binding drug, cabazitaxel, tested as second-line chemotherapy after docetaxel failure; for sipuleucel-T, an autologous dendritic cell therapy, in chemotherapy-naive patients; for MDV3100, a novel antiandrogen, and for radium-223, which is a bone-seeking α-irradiation-emitting radioisotope. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand, was shown to be superior to zoledronic acid for prevention of skeletal-related events in prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. This review will focus on the recent developments in the field of CRPC.
authors.affiliation: Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, ICR and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sycamore House, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM25PT, UK.
authors.forename: Aurelius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omlin
authors.forename: Johann S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: de Bono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor