title: Different spectrum of vascular complications after angio-seal deployment or manual compression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reported complication rates after vascular closure device deployment or femoral manual compression (MC) are similar. However, the features and severity of such complications have never been thoroughly evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consecutive series of 1241 patients treated from 2008 to 2010 with Angio-Seal (AS) was prospectively evaluated for vascular complications (VC). As control group, we used a consecutive series of 672 patients treated with MC in the 7 months preceding AS adoption at our institution. VC were observed in 88 patients, 55 with AS and 33 with MC (relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.38; P=.63). The clinical profile of complications observed in the 2 groups was different. Groin hematomas were more frequent with MC (100% vs 65.5%; P=.0005) and retroperitoneal bleedings were more common with AS (41.8% vs 6.1%; P=.0005). AS complications required more frequently transfusions (49.1% vs 18.2%; P=.006), while MC complications significantly delayed hospital discharge, in comparison to AS (4.3 ± 4.0 days vs 2.7 ± 1.9 days; P=.01). Differences in groin hematoma and retroperitoneal bleeding rates were confirmed after propensity score matching. Finally, a different allocation of diagnostic/therapeutic resources was observed in the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AS and MC were associated with similar incidences of VC, with a higher prevalence of severe complications (retroperitoneal hemorrhages and transfusions) after using AS. However, complications after MC were associated with significantly prolonged hospital stay. Comparison between different hemostatic strategies should consider the logistic burden imposed by different vascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Cardiology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy. lupialessandro1@tin.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rognoni
authors.forename: Gioel Gabrio
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Secco
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzero
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plebani
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cossa
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reale
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sansa
authors.forename: Angelo S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bongo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000293:injuries; D006119:Groin; D006406:Hematoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome