title: Global transcriptome profiling of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus yunnanensis (Coleoptera: Scolytinae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pine shoot beetle Tomicus yunnanensis (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is an economically important pest of Pinus yunnanensis in southwestern China. Developed resistance to insecticides due to chemical pesticides being used for a long time is a factor involved in its serious damage, which poses a challenge for management. In addition, highly efficient adaptation to divergent environmental ecologies results in this pest posing great potential threat to pine forests. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown as only limited nucleotide sequence data for this species is available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we applied next generation sequencing (Illumina sequencing) to sequence the adult transcriptome of T. yunnanensis. A total of 51,822,230 reads were obtained. They were assembled into 140,702 scaffolds, and 60,031 unigenes. The unigenes were further functionally annotated with gene descriptions, Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). In total, 80,932 unigenes were classified into GO, 13,599 unigenes were assigned to COG, and 33,875 unigenes were found in KO categories. A biochemical pathway database containing 219 predicted pathways was also created based on the annotations. In depth analysis of the data revealed a large number of genes related to insecticides resistance and heat shock protein genes associated with environmental stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results facilitate the investigations of molecular resistance mechanisms to insecticides and environmental stress. This study lays the foundation for future functional genomics studies of important biological questions of this pest.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China. jyzhu001@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jia-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D001517:Coleoptera; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004463:Ecology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase