title: REGγ is associated with multiple oncogenic pathways in human cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggest a role of the proteasome activator, REGγ, in cancer progression. Since there are limited numbers of known REGγ targets, it is not known which cancers and pathways are associated with REGγ.
  
  
  METHODS
  REGγ protein expressions in four different cancers were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Following NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database search, microarray platform validation, differential expressions of REGγ in corresponding cancers were statistically analyzed. Genes highly correlated with REGγ were defined based on Pearson's correlation coefficient. Functional links were estimated by Ingenuity Core analysis. Finally, validation was performed by RT-PCR analysis in established cancer cell lines and IHC in human colon cancer tissues
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we demonstrate overexpression of REGγ in four different cancer types by micro-tissue array analysis. Using meta-analysis of publicly available microarray databases and biological studies, we verified elevated REGγ gene expression in the four types of cancers and identified genes significantly correlated with REGγ expression, including genes in p53, Myc pathways, and multiple other cancer-related pathways. The predicted correlations were largely consistent with quantitative RT-PCR analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides us novel insights in REGγ gene expression profiles and its link to multiple cancer-related pathways in cancers. Our results indicate potentially important pathogenic roles of REGγ in multiple cancer types and implicate REGγ as a putative cancer marker.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Guangqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jiwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tieliu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaotao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001324:Autoantigens; C099558:Ki antigen; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex