title: The impact of menopause and hormone therapy on nasal resonance.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of menopause and hormone therapy on nasal resonance by comparing premenopausal women and postmenopausal women with and without hormone therapy. A total of 147 middle-aged Flemish (Dutch)-speaking women participated in the study and were divided into three groups: premenopausal women (n =42), and postmenopausal women with (n =63) and without (n =42) hormone therapy. Nasal resonance scores of isolated sounds and connected speech were measured using the Nasometer. For the isolated sounds as well as for the reading texts, no differences were found in nasal resonance scores between the three groups (ANCOVA). The results of this study indicate that menopause and hormone therapy do not have an impact on the nasal resonance in middle-aged women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Logopaedic and Audiologic Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Evelien
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'haeseleer
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Depypere
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.forename: Kristiane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Lierde
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001530:Belgium; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014732:Vibration; D014833:Voice Quality