title: Unmasking the immune recognition of prostate cancer with CTLA4 blockade.
abstract: Although cancer cells can be immunogenic, tumour progression is associated with the evasion of immunosurveillance, the promotion of tumour tolerance and even the production of pro-tumorigenic factors by immune cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) represents a crucial immune checkpoint, the blockade of which can potentiate anti-tumour immunity. CTLA4-blocking antibodies are now an established therapeutic approach for malignant melanoma, and clinical trials with CTLA4-specific antibodies in prostate cancer have also shown clinical activity. This treatment may provide insights into the targets that the immune system recognizes to drive tumour regression, and could potentially improve both outcome and toxicity for patients with prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco                 CA                 94143-0511, USA.
authors.forename: Serena S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kwek
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human