title: Improvement of the lipid profile with exercise in obese children: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions on the lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG)) of obese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized search was made of seven databases using keywords. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the heterogeneity (I(2)) of the studies was estimated using Cochran's Q-statistic applied to the effect size means. The studies were grouped according to the intervention program-aerobic alone or combined (aerobic fitness, strength, and flexibility).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies were selected for review as satisfying the inclusion criteria. Six were randomized controlled trials (n=318) and one was a controlled clinical trial (groups not randomly assigned) (n=38). The main cumulative evidence indicates that the programs based on aerobic exercise alone have a moderate (ES=-0.49; I²=87) and a large effect (ES=-0.55; I²=77) on LDL-C and TG concentrations, respectively; and the programs based on combined exercise have a moderate effect (ES=0.50; I²=0) on HDL-C concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The programs based on aerobic exercise (60 min, 3 times/week, ≤75% maximum heart rate) improve the LDL-C and TG concentrations. Moreover, the programs based on combined exercise (≥60 min, >75% maximum heart rate) also improve the HDL-C concentration.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Universidad s/n, 10071-Cáceres, Spain. yescgon@unex.es
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Escalante
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Hermoso
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Domínguez
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000592:standards*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids