title: Genomic diversity in two related plant species with and without sex chromosomes--Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genome size evolution is a complex process influenced by polyploidization, satellite DNA accumulation, and expansion of retroelements. How this process could be affected by different reproductive strategies is still poorly understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed differences in the number and distribution of major repetitive DNA elements in two closely related species, Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris. Both species are diploid and possess the same chromosome number (2n = 24), but differ in their genome size and mode of reproduction. The dioecious S. latifolia (1C = 2.70 pg DNA) possesses sex chromosomes and its genome is 2.5× larger than that of the gynodioecious S. vulgaris (1C = 1.13 pg DNA), which does not possess sex chromosomes. We discovered that the genome of S. latifolia is larger mainly due to the expansion of Ogre retrotransposons. Surprisingly, the centromeric STAR-C and TR1 tandem repeats were found to be more abundant in S. vulgaris, the species with the smaller genome. We further examined the distribution of major repetitive sequences in related species in the Caryophyllaceae family. The results of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) on mitotic chromosomes with the Retand element indicate that large rearrangements occurred during the evolution of the Caryophyllaceae family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that the evolution of genome size in the genus Silene is accompanied by the expansion of different repetitive elements with specific patterns in the dioecious species possessing the sex chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cegan
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vyskot
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kejnovsky
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kubat
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blavet
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Šafář
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doležel
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blavet
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hobza
mesh_terms: D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017343:Genes, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059646:Genome Size; D018745:Genome, Plant; D023281:Genomics; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000235:genetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011123:Polyploidy; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D029751:Silene / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004276:DNA, Satellite; D010940:Plant Proteins