title: Biomimetically mineralized salmon collagen scaffolds for application in bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Biomimetic mineralization of collagen is an advantageous method to obtain resorbable collagen/hydroxy-apatite composites for application in bone regeneration. In this report, established procedures for mineralization of bovine collagen were adapted to a new promising source of collagen from salmon skin challenged by the low denaturation temperature. Therefore, in the first instance, variation of temperature, collagen concentration, and ionic strength was performed to reveal optimized parameters for fibrillation and simultaneous mineralization of salmon collagen. Porous scaffolds from mineralized salmon collagen were prepared by controlled freeze-drying and chemical cross-linking. FT-IR analysis demonstrated the mineral phase formed during the preparation process to be hydroxyapatite. The scaffolds exhibited interconnecting porosity, were sufficiently stable under cyclic compression, and showed elastic mechanical properties. Human mesenchymal stem cells were able to adhere to the scaffolds, cell number increased during cultivation, and osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. birgit.hoyer@tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoyer
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stachel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelinsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012474:Salmon; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003094:Collagen