title: Pediatric facial fractures and potential long-term growth disturbances.
abstract: Fractures of the pediatric craniofacial skeleton can be challenging to manage. The initial injury and subsequent treatment can cause long-term growth disturbances yielding problematic secondary deformities. This review considers the normal growth of the craniofacial skeleton and typical facial fracture presentations in children and discusses the potential long-term sequelae from these injuries and their management.
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips