title: Epidemiologic characterization of human papillomavirus infection in rural Chaozhou, eastern Guangdong Province of China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was the main cause of cervical cancer. There were only a few reports and detailed data about epidemiological research of HPV infection in rural population of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cervical cells of rural Chaozhou women were collected, and multiplex real time PCR was firstly performed to detect high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection, which could detect 13 types of HR-HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68). Then, HPV-positive samples were typed by HPV GenoArray test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR-HPV DNA was detected by multiplex real time-PCR in 3830 of 48559 cases (7.89%). There was a peak incidence in age of 55-60 years group, and a lower incidence in who lived in plain group compared with suburban, mountain and seashore group. 3380 cases of HPV positive sample were genotyped, 11.01% (372/3380) cases could not be classified, among the typed 3008 cases, 101 cases were identified without HR-HPV type infection, 2907 cases were infected with one HR-HPV type at least, the 6 most common HR-HPV types in descending order of infection, were type 52 (33.4%, 16 (20.95%), 58 (15.93%), 33 (9.94%), 68 (9.22%) and 18 (8.36%). The combined prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 accounted for 28.52% of total infection. However, type 52 plus 58 presented 48.23% of total infection. 2209/2907 cases were infected with a single HPV type and 698/2907 cases were infected with multiple types, and multiple infection constituent ratio increased with age, with a peak incidence in age 55-60 years group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed low prevalence of HPV vaccine types (16 and 18) and relatively high prevalence of HPV-52 and -58, support the hypothesis that the second-generation HPV vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women in rural Guangdong Province.
authors.affiliation: Central Lab, Chaozhou Central Hospital, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Long-Xu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhi-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.forename: Lie-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhao-Yun
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shi-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-Zhou
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bing-Zhong
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qi-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-Pian
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pei-Yao
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ling-Zhi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Chan-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yong-Zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Xiang-Zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Li-Ye
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012424:Rural Population; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral