title: The neuroethics of non-invasive brain stimulation.
abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) is a brain stimulation tool that is portable, painless, inexpensive, apparently safe, and with potential long-term efficacy. Recent results obtained from TDCS experiments offer exciting possibilities for the enhancement and treatment of normal or impaired abilities, respectively. We discuss new neuroethical problems that have emerged from the usage of TDCS, and also focus on one of the most likely future applications of TDCS: enhancing learning and cognition in children with typical and atypical development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Roi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen Kadosh
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savulescu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning