title: [Executive functions and stressful characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: influence on behavioral problems during adolescence].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The identification of possible factors that are influencing the course of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will allow the development of more effective early intervention strategies. AIMS. This research, which used a longitudinal and correlational design, set out to examine the temporal consistency of the primary symptoms and ADHD associated problems. In addition, the relationships and predictive power of working memory, inhibition and stressful characteristics of children with ADHD on the disorder symptoms and behavioral problems in adolescence was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 65 families with children diagnosed with ADHD. In phase 1 children performed verbal working memory, visuo-spatial and inhibition tests, and information from parents about stressful characteristics of children was collected. In phase 1 and in the follow-up phase, which took place three years later, parents and teachers reported on the primary symptoms of ADHD and behavioral problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inattention symptoms as well as most behavioral problems were stable over time, while hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms decreased. Moreover, neither working memory nor inhibition showed power to predict the central manifestations of ADHD or behavioral problems, while stressful characteristics of demandingness, low adaptability and negative mood had a moderate predictive capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the role of stressful child characteristics as a risk factor in the course of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colomer-Diago
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miranda-Casas
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herdoiza-Arroyo
authors.forename: M Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Presentación-Herrero
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D056344:Executive Function; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010551:Personality; D011788:Quality of Life; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology