title: Glutamate-based depression GBD.
abstract: We describe a new term: glutamate-based depression (GBD). GBD is defined as a chronic depressive illness associated with environmental stress and diseases associated with altered glutamate neurotransmission. We hypothesize that glutamate-induced over-activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in the subgenual cingulate area called Brodmann's 25 plays an important role in the etiology of depression and may be responsible for the high incidence of co-morbid depression associated in diseases with glutamate etiology. While depression is a syndrome with multiple possible etiologies, we propose that a disruption in glutamatergic neurotransmission may underline a substantial proportion of clinically observed depression. The high rates of depressive symptoms associated with various disorders in which altered glutamatergic functions have been identified, may suggest a common pathophysiological mechanism is underlying the diverse clinical presentations.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neuroscience AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DE, USA. dennis.mccarthy@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanes
authors.forename: Chi-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanacora
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000150:complications; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007372:Interferons