title: Old and new perspectives on peritoneal dialysis in Italy emerging from the Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group Census.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To understand how peritoneal dialysis (PD) was being used in Italy in 2005 and 2008, a census of all centers was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2005 and 2008, data were collected from, respectively, 222 and 223 centers, with respect to 4432 and 4094 prevalent patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the two periods, the PD incidence remained stable (24.3% vs 22.9%), varying from center to center. Continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) was the main initial method (55%), but APD was more widespread among prevalent patients (53%). Among patients returning to dialysis from transplantation (Tx), PD was used in 10%. The use of incremental CAPD increased significantly from 2005 to 2008, in terms both of the number of centers (27.0% vs 40.9%) and of patients (13.6% vs 25.7%). Late referrals remained stable at 28%, with less use of PD. The overall drop-out rate (episodes/100 patient-years) remained unchanged (31.0 vs 32.8), with 13.1 and 12.9 being the result of death, and 11.8 and 12.4 being the result of a switch to hemodialysis, mainly after peritonitis. A dialysis partner was required by 21.8% of the PD patients. The incidence of peritonitis was 1 episode in 36.5 and 41.1 patient-months, with negative cultures occurring in 17.1% of cases in both periods. The incidence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (episodes/100 patient-years) was 0.70, representing 1.26% of patients treated. The catheter types used and the sites and methods of insertion varied widely from center to center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These censuses confirm the good results of PD in Italy, and provide insight into little-known aspects such as the use of incremental PD, the presence of a dialysis partner, and the incidence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: UOC di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maria SS dello Splendore, Giulianova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marinangeli
authors.forename: Gianfranca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cabiddu
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Giusto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viglino
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Teatini
mesh_terms: D019352:Censuses; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D056627:Peritoneal Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate