title: Nitrous oxide emissions respond differently to mineral and organic nitrogen sources in contrasting soil types.
abstract: The use of various animal manures for nitrogen (N) fertilization is often viewed as a viable replacement for mineral N fertilizers. However, the impacts of amendment type on NO production may vary. In this study, NO emissions were measured for 2 yr on two soil types with contrasting texture and carbon (C) content under a cool, humid climate. Treatments consisted of a no-N control, calcium ammonium nitrate, poultry manure, liquid cattle manure, or liquid swine manure. The N sources were surface applied and immediately incorporated at 90 kg N ha before seeding of spring wheat ( L.). Cumulative NO-N emissions from the silty clay ranged from 2.2 to 8.3 kg ha yr and were slightly lower in the control than in the fertilized plots ( = 0.067). The 2-yr mean NO emission factors ranged from 2.0 to 4.4% of added N, with no difference among N sources. Emissions of NO from the sandy loam soil ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 kg NO-N ha yr, with higher emissions with organic than mineral N sources ( = 0.015) and the greatest emissions with poultry manure ( < 0.001). The NO emission factor from plots amended with poultry manure was 1.8%, more than double that of the other treatments (0.3-0.9%), likely because of its high C content. On the silty clay, the yield-based NO emissions (g NO-N kg grain yield N) were similar between treatments, whereas on the sandy loam, they were greatest when amended with poultry manure. Our findings suggest that, compared with mineral N sources, manure application only increases soil NO flux in soils with low C content.
authors.affiliation: Soils and Crops Research Centre, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Pelster
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chantigny
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rochette
authors.forename: Denis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Angers
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rieux
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanasse
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000077215:Clay; D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D008903:Minerals; D012987:Soil; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D000077215:Clay