title: Cytokine signaling in splenic leukocytes from vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after intravenous infection with Salmonella enteritidis.
abstract: In order to design a new Salmonella enterica vaccine, one needs to understand how naive and immune chickens interact differently when exposed to S. enterica. In this study we therefore determined the immune response of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after intravenous infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). Using flow cytometry we showed that 4 days post infection (DPI), counts of CD4 and B-lymphocytes did not change, CD8 and γδ T-lymphocytes decreased and macrophages and heterophils increased in the spleen. When vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens were compared, only macrophages and heterophils were found in significantly higher counts in the spleens of the non-vaccinated chickens. The non-vaccinated chickens also expressed higher anti-LPS antibodies than the vaccinated chickens. The expression of interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL8, IL18, LITAF, IFNγ and iNOS did not exhibit any clear pattern in the cells sorted from the spleens of vaccinated or non-vaccinated chickens. Only IL17 and IL22 showed a differential expression in the CD4 T-lymphocytes of the vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens at 4 DPI, both being expressed at a higher level in the non-vaccinated chickens. Due to a similar IFNγ expression in the CD4 T-lymphocytes in both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens, and a variable IL17 expression oscillating around IFNγ expression levels, the IL17∶IFNγ ratio in CD4 T-lymphocytes was found to be central for the outcome of the immune response. When IL17 was expressed at higher levels than IFNγ in the non-vaccinated chickens, the Th17 immune response with a higher macrophage and heterophil infiltration in the spleen dominated. However, when the expression of IL17 was lower than that of IFNγ as in the vaccinated chickens, the Th1 response with a higher resistance to S. Enteritidis infection dominated.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matulova
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepanova
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sisak
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Havlickova
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faldynova
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyrova
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Volf
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rychlik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma