title: Suppression of efflux transporters in the intestines of endotoxin-treated rats.
abstract: Infection and inflammation suppress the expression and activity of several drug transporters in the liver. In the intestine, P-glycoprotein (PGP/mdr1) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) are important barriers to the absorption of many clinically important drugs. The protein expression and activity of these transporters were examined during inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The transport of rhodamine123 (Rho123) and 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF) was determined in isolated ileal segments from endotoxin-treated or control rats in the presence or absence of inhibitors. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA levels. Compared with the controls, the mRNA levels of mdr1a and mrp2 were significantly decreased by approximately 50% in the ilea of the LPS-treated rats. Corresponding reductions in the basolateral-apical efflux of Rho123 and 5-CF were observed, resulting in significant increases in the apical-basolateral absorption of these compounds. Neither the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran 4000 (FD-4), a paracellular marker, nor membrane resistance was altered. These results indicate that endotoxin-induced inflammation reduces the intestinal expression and activity of PGP and MRP2 in rats, which eliciting corresponding changes in the intestinal transport of their substrates. Hence, infection and inflammatory diseases may induce variability in drug bioavailability through alterations in the intestinal expression and activity of drug transporters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Absorption and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanbayashi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakaike
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007239:Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020112:Rhodamine 123 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C423013:Abcc2 protein, rat; D004731:Endotoxins; D005452:Fluoresceins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020112:Rhodamine 123; C045132:4-carboxyfluorescein; C095122:multidrug resistance protein 3