title: Cross-generational effects of discrimination among immigrant mothers: perceived discrimination predicts child's healthcare visits for illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested whether an immigrant mother's perception of ethnic and language-based discrimination affects the health of her child (indexed by the child's frequency of sick visits to the doctor, adjusting for well-visits), as a function of her ethnic-group attachment and length of U.S. residency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based sample of 98 immigrant Dominican and Mexican mothers of normally developing 14-month-old children were interviewed. Mothers reported their perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination, degree of ethnic-group attachment, length of time in the United States, and frequency of their child's doctor visits for both illness and routine (healthy) exams.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among more recent immigrants, greater perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination were associated with more frequent sick-child visits, but only among those reporting low ethnic-group attachment. The associations between both forms of perceived discrimination and sick-child visits were not observed among mothers reporting high ethnic-group attachment. Among more established immigrants, perceived language-based discrimination was associated with more frequent sick-child visits regardless of ethnic-group attachment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a Latina mother's experience with ethnic and language-based discrimination is associated with her child's health, as indicated by doctor visits for illness, but that strong ethnic-group attachment may mitigate this association among recent immigrants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: May Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Amodio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015988:Cohort Effect; D004293:Dominican Republic / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011287:Prejudice / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult