title: New chemotypes acting as isozyme-selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with low affinity for the offtarget cytosolic isoform II.
abstract: Considering phenols and coumarins as lead molecules for obtaining non-sulfonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), we screened a large number of compounds possessing diverse chemotypes, but structural features which resemble the two chemical classes. Here we report an investigation of such derivatives which do not significantly inhibit CA II, but show interesting inhibition profiles against other isozymes. Pyridine-N-oxide-2-thiophenol, thiobenzoic acid, thimerosal, two oximes derived from a six-membered-ring lactone and from coumarin; 2-hydroxyquinoline and coumaphos, were investigated as inhibitors of CA I-XIV. All these compounds did not inhibit CA II, whereas the two oximes and 2-hydroxyquinoline were low nanomolar inhibitors of CA I, IX, XII, XIII and XIV, showing a very different inhibition profile compared to sulfonamides and sulfamates. Some other compounds showed low micromolar inhibition of other isoforms of interest, such as CA VA/VB, CA VI and VII. This study demonstrates that a rather wide range of structures show low nanomolar-micromolar inhibitory activity against many CA isozymes, without inhibiting significantly the offtarget isoform CA II.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maresca
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scozzafava
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D003374:Coumarins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010636:Phenols; D013449:Sulfonamides; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases