title: Decreased training volume and increased carbohydrate intake increases oxidized LDL levels.
abstract: We studied effects of probiotics and training volume on oxidized LDL lipids (ox-LDL), serum antioxidant potential (s-TRAP) and serum antioxidants (s-α-tocopherol, s-γ-tocopherol, s-retinol, s-β-carotene and s-ubiquinone-10) in marathon runners during 3-months training period, 6-days preparation period and marathon run. Runners (n=127) were recruited for a randomized, double-blind intervention during which they received either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG, probiotic group) or placebo drink (placebo group) during whole study. During the preparation period, subjects decreased training and increased carbohydrate intake. Blood samples were taken at baseline, before 6-days preparation, before and immediately after the marathon. Probiotics did not have any effect on ox-LDL, s-TRAP or serum antioxidants levels during the study. Interestingly, ox-LDL increased by 28% and 33% during the preparation period and decreased by 16% and 19% during the marathon run in the placebo and probiotic groups, respectively (in all, P<0.001). No changes were seen in s-TRAP before marathon, but during run s-TRAP raised by 16% in both groups (both, P<0.001). The increase of ox-LDL level during the preparative period after several months' training suggests that aerobic training may reduce the concentration of ox-LDL and that decrease of training together with increased energy intake, mainly carbohydrate, before marathon is capable of increasing the level of ox-LDL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise, University of Turku, Finland. iavali@utu.fi
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Välimäki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vuorimaa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahotupa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kekkonen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vasankari
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein