title: Surgical management of proximal bile duct cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumors arising from the proximal biliary tree remain particularly challenging with respect to their evaluation and treatment. Complete resection with negative histologic margins is the most effective treatment modality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  However, the majority of patients are not candidates for surgery.                                                                        Over the last decades, advances have evolved to improve resectability and morbidity after major liver and bile duct resection. However, these disease processes still pose a management challenge. Herein, we provide an overview of proximal bile duct cancers, hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCa) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCa).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaFemina
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jarnagin
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome