title: The use of different analgesics in orthodontic tooth movements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a semi-quantitative assessment of the effect of different analgesics (celecoxib, ketorolac, and paracetamol) on tooth movement and bone resorption using immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty white male rats (12-weeks old; body weight: 230-250 g) were divided into four groups (10 rats each) and were given the treatment once a day for 2 consecutive months. Group A (control group) rats were given the reverse osmosis water; group B rats were given 10 mg/kg celecoxib; group C rats were given 3 mg/kg ketorolac; and group D rats were given 150 mg/kg paracetamol. A precalibrated closed Sentalloy coil spring was placed inside each rat mouth to deliver a constant force of 50 cN. The magnitude of tooth movement was measured intraorally. After 2 months, the rats were sacrificed, and the sections were mounted on L-polylysine-coated glass slides. Slides from each specimen were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and others were stained with MMP-13. Data were analyzed with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Celecoxib, ketorolac, and paracetamol groups showed tooth movement of 1.81 ± 0.43 mm, 1.13 ± 0.28 mm, and 1.08 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. The mean number of MMP-13-positive osteoclasts was highest in celecoxib-treated group followed by the control group and was decreased in the ketorolac and paracetamol groups. Comparing all groups to the control revealed significant differences (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of celecoxib did not reduce bone resorption or interfere with tooth movement in rats compared to other analgesics tested (ketorolac and paracetamol).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. shazamohammad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Shaza M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: Yousry M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: El-Hawary
authors.forename: Amira K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El-Hawary
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000068579:Celecoxib; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012391:Root Resorption; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000082:Acetaminophen; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D000068579:Celecoxib; D020910:Ketorolac