title: Assessment of a prevention program for work-related stress among urban police officers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of a primary prevention program designed to improve psychobiological responses to stress among urban police officers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 37 police cadets received complementary training in psychological and technical techniques to reduce anxiety and enhance performance when facing a series of police critical incidents. Training was done by Special Forces officers, trained by the authors in imaging. A random sample of 38 cadets, receiving training as usual, was followed in parallel. Assessment of somatic and psychological health, and stress biomarkers, was done at baseline, immediately following training, and after 18 months as regular police officers. Comparison was done using two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention group improved their general health and problem-based coping as compared to the control group. They also demonstrated lower levels of stomach problems, sleep difficulties, and exhaustion. Training was associated with an OR of 4.1 (95% CI, 1.3-13.7; p < 0.05) for improved GHQ scores during the study as compared to no changes or worsening score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first primary prevention study of high-risk professions demonstrates the validity and functional utility of the intervention. Beneficial effects lasted at least during the first 2 years on the police force. It is suggested that preventive imagery training in first responders might contribute to enhanced resiliency.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wayne State University, 3939 Woodward Ave DOEH, Rm 333, Detroit, MI 48009, USA.
authors.forename: Bengt B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Arnetz
authors.forename: Eamonn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arble
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Backman
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lublin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016495:Police; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014505:Urban Population