title: The 14-3-3 proteins of Arabidopsis regulate root growth and chloroplast development as components of the photosensory system.
abstract: The 14-3-3 proteins specifically bind a number of client proteins to influence important pathways, including flowering timing via the photosensory system. For instance, 14-3-3 proteins influence the photosensory system through interactions with Constans (CO) protein. 14-3-3 associations with the photosensory system were further studied in this investigation using 14-3-3 T-DNA insertion mutants to study root and chloroplast development. The 14-3-3 μ T-DNA insertion mutant, 14-3-3μ-1, had shorter roots than the wild type and the difference in root length could be influenced by light intensity. The 14-3-3 ν T-DNA insertion mutants also had shorter roots, but only when grown under narrow-bandwidth red light. Five-day-old 14-3-3 T-DNA insertion and co mutants all had increased root greening compared with the wild type, which was influenced by light wavelength and intensity. However, beyond 10 d of growth, 14-3-3μ-1 roots did not increase in greening as much as wild-type roots. This study reveals new developmental roles of 14-3-3 proteins in roots and chloroplasts, probably via association with the photosensory system.
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program and Horticultural Sciences Department, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, 1301 Fifield, PO Box 110690, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.forename: Anna-Lisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ferl
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D008027:Light; D055537:Light Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C036483:T-DNA; D050901:Nitrate Reductase