title: Rate of introduction of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in different poultry production sectors in the Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Targeted risk-based surveillance of poultry types (PT) with different risks of introduction of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIv) infection may improve the sensitivity of surveillance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the rate of introduction of LPAIv infections in different PT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Dutch LPAIv surveillance programme (2007-2010) were analysed using a generalised linear mixed and spatial model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outdoor-layer, turkey, duck-breeder and meat-duck, farms had a 11, 8, 24 and 13 times higher rate of introduction of LPAIv than indoor-layer farms, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in the rate of introduction of LPAIv could be used to (re)design a targeted risk-based surveillance programme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Crisis Organization and Diagnostics, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stegeman
authors.forename: Guus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Sjaak J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Armin R W
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Elbers
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring / Q000662:veterinary*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008460:Meat / Q000821:virology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014422:Turkeys / Q000821:virology