title: Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome in pediatric patients: is it really so rare?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS) is characterized by unilateral renal artery stenosis with secondary hypertension and glomerular and tubular dysfunction due to hyperfiltration and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe four children with HHS. All presented with polyuria and polydipsia, electrolyte disturbances, metabolic alkalosis, variable tubular dysfunction, and nephrotic range proteinuria along with hypertension. Interestingly, in one patient, glomerular and tubular abnormalities preceded the development of hypertension. All symptoms resolved after the underlying renal ischemia was corrected by percutaneous angioplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome may be more common in children than previously thought. Clinicians should be alert of the signs and symptoms because cure is possible with timely diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pediatric Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, 49202, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kovalski
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cleper
authors.forename: Irit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dekel
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belenky
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davidovits
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers