title: Blooming of Microcystis aeruginosa in the reservoir of the reclaimed land and discharge of microcystins to Isahaya Bay (Japan).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the reservoir created in the reclaimed land in Isahaya Bay, Japan, Microcystis aeruginosa, which produces microcystins (MCs), bloomed every year, and the water with high levels of MCs in the reservoir has been often drained to Isahaya Bay to adjust the water level. The principal aims of this study are to clarify the water conditions suitable for blooming of M. aeruginosa in the reservoir, to follow the amount of distribution of MCs inside and outside the reservoir, and to discuss how blooming of M. aeruginosa is controlled in the reservoir and how MCs produced by Microcystis spread or accumulate in the aquatic environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We monitored the water quality (temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus) in the reservoir with seasonal blooming of microalgae including phytoplankton and M. aeruginosa using the concentrations of chlorophyll α and MCs, respectively, and collected the surface sediment in the reservoir and the bay to determine the MC content using the ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M. aeruginosa bloomed in extremely low DIN conditions of the water in warm seasons (spring and late summer to autumn). The year-mean standing stock of MCs was approximately 34.5 kg in the water and 8.4 kg in the surface sediment in the reservoir. Approximately 64.5 kg of MCs was discharged with the effluent to the bay in a year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since a large amount of MCs always suspends in the water in the reservoir and it has been discharged to the bay, suspension-feeding animals are exposed most seriously to the high levels of MCs occurring in these areas. We need to pay attention to the danger of widespread dispersal of MCs and biological concentration of MCs by fish and clam inside and outside the reservoir.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan. umehara84@gmail.com
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D005068:Eutrophication; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology; D007564:Japan; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D046931:Microcystis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D017553:Phosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D054712:Salinity; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D052998:Microcystins; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D017553:Phosphorus Compounds; D002734:Chlorophyll