title: Aquaporin 9 in rat brain after severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reveal the expression and possible roles of aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in rat brain, after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain water content (BWC), tetrazolium chloride staining, Evans blue staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BWC reached the first and second (highest) peaks at 6 and 72 hours, and the blood brain barrier (BBB) was severely destroyed at six hours after the TBI. The worst brain ischemia occurred at 72 hours after TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes and neurons in the hypothalamus were detected by means of IHC and IF after TBI. The abundance of AQP9 and its mRNA increased after TBI and reached two peaks at 6 and 72 hours, respectively, after TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased AQP9 might contribute to clearance of excess water and lactate in the early stage of TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes might help lactate move into neurons and result in cellular brain edema in the later stage of TBI. AQP9-positive neurons suggest that AQP9 plays a role in energy balance after TBI.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guo-ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Wei-hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shan-quan
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D005070:Evans Blue; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts
chemical_list: C491637:Aqp9 protein, rat; D020346:Aquaporins; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D005070:Evans Blue