title: The expression and prognostic significance of hepatoma-derived growth factor in oral cancer.
abstract: Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) participates in oncogenic progression and represents a prognostic factor in several types of cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the role of HDGF during oral carcinogenesis. HDGF expression and the tumorigenic behaviors in human oral cell lines were investigated by immunoblotting, invasion and colony formation assays. Recombinant adenovirus vectors were employed to modulate the HDGF level in oral cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of surgically resected samples from 95 oral cancer patients was performed to delineate the correlation between HDGF expression and clinic-pathological parameters. HDGF expression was higher in malignant oral cancer cells than benign ones. Adenovirus-mediated HDGF overexpression and knockdown demonstrated the cellular HDGF level regulated the tumorigenic behaviors of oral cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased HDGF expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm in oral cancer tissues. The nuclear HDGF expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage (P=0.004) and grade (P=0.013) while the cytoplasmic HDGF expression was associated with tumor necrosis (P=0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high nuclear HDGF expression had significantly worse 5-year disease-specific survival (P=0.0069), metastasis-free survival (P=0.0168), and local recurrence-free survival (P=0.0047). Multivariate analysis indicated that the nuclear HDGF labeling index was an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific and local recurrence-free survival. HDGF overexpression contributes to the oncogenic processes in oral cancer cells and constitutes a novel prognostic factor for survival outcome of oral cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. marklin1108@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chien-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hsuan-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chao-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hsuan-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ping-Ching
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chang-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: San-Cher
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C051610:hepatoma-derived growth factor