title: Obesogenic neighbourhoods: the impact of neighbourhood restaurants and convenience stores on adolescents' food consumption behaviours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between the neighbourhood food environment and dietary intake among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional design using: (i) a geographic information system to assess characteristics of the neighbourhood food environment and neighbourhood socio-economic status; (ii) the modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to assess participants' overall diet quality; and (iii) generalized linear models to examine associations between HEI and home and school food environmental correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mid-sized Canadian city in Ontario, Canada. Participants Grade 7 and 8 students (n 810) at twenty-one elementary schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students living in neighbourhoods with a lower diversity of land-use types, compared with their higher diversity counterparts, had higher HEI scores (P < 0.05). Students with more than 1 km between their home and the nearest convenience store had higher HEI scores than those living within 1 km (P < 0.01). Students attending schools with a distance further than 1 km from the nearest convenience store (P < 0.01) and fast-food outlet (P < 0.05) had higher HEI scores than those within 1 km. Those attending schools with three or more fast-food outlets within 1 km had lower HEI scores than those attending schools with no fast-food outlet in the school surroundings (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Close proximity to convenience stores in adolescents' home environments is associated with low HEI scores. Within adolescents' school environments, close proximity to convenience and fast-food outlets and a high density of fast-food outlets are associated with low HEI scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health & Kinesiology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. meizi.he@utsa.edu
authors.forename: Meizi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004777:Environment; D057140:Fast Foods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012147:Restaurants