title: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with oppositional defiant disorder in Swedish children - an open study of collaborative problem solving.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate collaborative problem solving (CPS) in Swedish 6-13-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen families completed 6-10 sessions of CPS training. Primary outcome measures were SNAP-IV [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ODD scores] and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scores at baseline, post-intervention and 6 months later. Secondary outcome measures were the Conners' 10-item scale and the Family Burden of Illness Module (FBIM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 17 participants completed the intervention. The whole group had significant reductions in SNAP-IV ODD, ADHD, total Conners' and FBIM scores, both at post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up. Eight of the children, although significantly improved on ODD scores and the Conners' emotional lability subscale at post-intervention, had almost no improvement in hyperactivity/impulsivity. Post-intervention, this group received stimulant medication for their ADHD. CGI-I scores of much improved or very much improved were reached by 53% (9/17) of all at post-intervention, and by 81% (13/16) at 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collaborative problem solving significantly reduced ODD, ADHD and emotional lability symptoms. A subgroup improved in their ADHD symptoms only after adding stimulant medication.
authors.affiliation: The Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostlund
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fransson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landgren
authors.forename: Salmir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasic
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kadesjö
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gillberg
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving; D013548:Sweden