title: Validity of silver, chitosan, and curcumin nanoparticles as anti-Giardia agents.
abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the anti parasitic potential of silver, chitosan, and curcumin nanoparticles as anti-Giardia agents. Non-treated infected control rats were inoculated with Giardia lamblia cysts in a dose of 2 × 10(5) cysts/rat. Experimental group was infected then treated with curcumin, curcumin nanoparticles, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticles, and silver nanoparticles as single or combined therapy. The number of Giardia cysts in stools and trophozoites in intestinal sections were detected. Toxicity of nanoparticles was evaluated by comparing hematological and histopathological parameters of the normal control group and treated non-infected control group. The amount of silver was also measured in the liver, kidney, small intestine, lung, and brain of rats treated with silver nanoparticles. The number of the parasites in stool and small intestinal sections decreased in treated infected rats compared with infected non-treated ones. The effect in the single therapy was better with nanoparticles, and the best effect was detected in nano-silver. The combined therapy gave better results than single. Combination between nanoparticles was better than the combination of nano-forms and native chitosan and curcumin. The best effect was detected in combinations of nano-silver and nano-chitosan but with no full eradication. In conclusion, the highest effect and complete cure was gained by combining the three nano-forms. The parasite was successfully eradicated from stool and intestine. None of the treatments exhibited any toxicity. Accumulated silver in different organs was within the safe limits.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. drdoaa_1995@hotmail.com
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Elsamad
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Gohar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000187:drug effects; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D012834:Silver; D048271:Chitosan; D003474:Curcumin