title: Peptidoglycan as Nod1 ligand; fragment structures in the environment, chemical synthesis, and their innate immunostimulation.
abstract: Covering: up to 2011. This review focuses on the recent revealing of the immunostimulatory bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) fragments as Nod1 ligands, especially a newly developed chemical synthesis of the partial structures, fragment structures in the environment and bacterial supernatant, and the immunostimulatory activities of the Nod1 ligands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan. yukarif@chem.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Ambara Rachmat
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradipta
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukase
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008024:Ligands; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D010457:Peptidoglycan