title: U-500 insulin as a component of basal bolus insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in hemoglobin A1c (A1C), weight, and total daily insulin dose (TDD) were investigated following initiation of insulin U-500 (U500) alone or as part of a basal/bolus insulin (BBI) regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed U500 were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between changes in A1C and use of U500 alone or as BBI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients were identified as using U500 alone (n=2) or in combination with long-acting (LAI) (n=7) or rapid-acting (RAI) (n=3) insulin. Reductions in A1C (9.5% at baseline vs. 7.7% at 6-9 months, P<0.0001) and increases in weight (128.8±32.7 vs. 131.5±31.3 kg, P<0.014) and TDD (260±111 to 333±106 units/day, P<0.0002) were observed. Concurrent use of LAI or RAI with U500 did not predict improvements in A1C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  U500 resulted in improvements in A1C and weight gain and increased TDD when used alone or as part of combination insulin therapy. Further investigations to define the optimal use of U500 are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. lowery@msm.edu
authors.forename: Jolene Brown
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Donihi
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Korytkowski
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human