title: Assessment of iron bioavailability in whole wheat bread by addition of phytase-producing bifidobacteria.
abstract: In this study, the influence of phytase-producing  Bifidobacterium  strains during the breadmaking process (direct or indirect) on final bread Fe dialyzability and ferritin formation in Caco-2 cell as a measure of cell Fe uptake was assessed. The addition of bifidobacteria significantly reduced the InsP(6) + InsP(5) concentrations compared to control samples. Fe-dialyzable contents for samples with bifidobacteria were increased 2.3-5.6-fold, and dialyzability was improved by 2.6-8.6% compared to controls. However, this was not reflected in an increase of Fe uptake by Caco-2 cells as was predicted by the phytate/Fe molar ratios. The results demonstrated the usefulness of phytase-producing bifidobacteria to reduce phytate during the breadmaking process and to increase Fe accessibility, although the effects appeared to be still insufficient to improve Fe bioavailability in Caco-2 cells. Further refinement of the use of phytase-producing bifidobacterial strains and/or breadmaking technological processes is deserved for improving Fe uptake.
authors.affiliation: Cereal Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, 46980 Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Mario
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sanz-Penella
authors.forename: José Moisés
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Laparra
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haros
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000201:enzymology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003956:Dialysis; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D010833:Phytic Acid; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D010832:6-Phytase