title: Comparison of indacaterol with tiotropium or twice-daily long-acting β -agonists for stable COPD: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchodilators are central to the symptomatic management of patients with COPD.Previous data have shown that inhaled indacaterol improved numerous clinical outcomes over placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  This systematic review explored the efficacy and safety of indacaterol in comparison with tiotropium or bid long-acting β 2 -agonists (TD-LABAs) for treatment of moderate to severe COPD. Randomized controlled trials were identified after a search of different databases of published and unpublished trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five trials (5,920 participants) were included. Compared with tiotropium, indacaterol showed statistically and clinically significant reductions in the use of rescue medication and dyspnea(43% greater likelihood of achieving a minimal clinically important difference [MCID] in the transitional dyspnea index [TDI]; number needed to treat for benefit [NNTB] 5 10). Additionally,the MCID in health status was more likely to be achieved with indacaterol than with tiotropium (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22–1.68; P = .00001; [NNTB ]= 10). Trough FEV 1 was significantly higher at the end of treatment with indacaterol than with TD-LABAs (80 mL, P = .00001). Similarly, indacaterol signifi cantly improved dyspnea (61% greater likelihood of achieving an MCID in TDI, P = .008) and health status (21% greater likelihood of achieving an MCID in St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, P 5 .04) than TD-LABA. Indacaterol showed similar levels of safety and tolerability to both comparators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available evidence suggests that indacaterol may prove useful as an alternative to tiotropium or TD-LABA due to its effects on health status, dyspnea, and pulmonary function.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: gustavo.javier.rodrigo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gustavo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Medicina Respiratoria, Hospital de Niños "O. Allassia" Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neffen
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D007189:Indans; D015363:Quinolones; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; C510790:indacaterol; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide