title: Adipogenesis on biphasic calcium phosphate using rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Developing adipose tissue-engineered construct to mend soft tissue defects arising from traumatic injury, tumor resections, and maxillofacial abnormalities is of prime importance in plastic and reconstructive surgical procedures. It is apparent that the clinical outcome of classic techniques like adipose tissue transplantation is unpredictable, with graft resorption, lack of vascularization, and impaired functionality. In this prospective, the concept of tissue engineering was adopted to fabricate a combination product with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) toward the development of an adipose tissue construct. BCP, a combination of hydroxyapatite and α-tricalcium phosphate, was characterized for its physiochemical properties, and ASCs were characterized for their stemness. The cell-ceramic interactions were demonstrated in vitro, whereas adipogenesis was picturesquely depicted by Nile red-stained multilocular adipocyte-like cells. Subsequently, the three-dimensional cell-ceramic-engineered construct was implanted in the rat dorsal muscle for a period of 3 weeks to demonstrate the efficacy of the tissue construct in vivo. Interestingly, the histology of the postimplanted tissue construct revealed the distribution of chicken wire net-like fat cells within the vicinity of the construct. The efficacy of cell transplantation via the scaffold was traced using fluorescent in situ hybridization by labeling the Y chromosome. Thus, the ceramic-based construct may be a good option for reconstruction therapies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Implant Biology (TEM Laboratory), Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Balu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.forename: Francis B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Suresh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Harikrishna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate