title: Depression in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical phenomenology and correlates.
abstract: This study examined differences in clinical presentation and functional impairment in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with or without comorbid depressive disorders and sought to determine the predictors of youth-reported depressive symptoms. One-hundred and sixty youth were reliably diagnosed with OCD and comorbid disorders using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Parent version (Silverman and Albano, 1996) and confirmed by an experienced clinician. Sixteen percent (n = 25) had a comorbid diagnosis of a current depressive disorder (DD). Significantly more females than males had a DD. Those with a DD showed increased OCD symptom severity, OCD-related functional impairment, and family accommodation relative to those without a comorbid DD. Depressive symptoms were significantly positively correlated with years of age, degree of OCD symptom severity, measures of OCD-related functional impairment, and non-OCD anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that age, gender, functional impairment, and non-OCD anxiety were significant predictors of depressive symptoms, even when OCD symptom severity was controlled. Notably, functional impairment was a partial mediator of the relationship between OCD symptom severity and depression levels, suggesting depression levels are the product of both degree of symptoms and amount of day-to-day impairment. Results are discussed in terms of implications for assessment and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. estorch@health.usf.edu
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Geffken
authors.forename: Tanya K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Geller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult