title: The varieties of depressive experience: diagnosing mood disorders.
abstract: Biopsychosocial eclecticism has led, the authors believe, to a simplistic acceptance of a unitary view of MDD with little scientific solidity. The authors propose a return to careful psychopathology as the basis of all nosology, which has led to identifying four main types of depressive illness, and a method-based, existential approach to understanding depression.
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street #1007, Boston, MA 02111, USA. nghaemi@tuftsmedicalcenter.org
authors.forename: S Nassir
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ghaemi
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Vöhringer
authors.forename: Derick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vergne
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011599:Psychopathology