title: Administration of poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)]phosphazene (PCEP) as adjuvant activated mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses in pigs.
abstract: The selection of an optimal adjuvant to enhance the potency and longevity of antigen specific immune responses has always been imperative for the development of more effective and safer vaccines. A balanced type of immune enhancing ability of a new adjuvant known as polyphosphazene (PCEP) has been demonstrated in mice. In the present study we have compared the humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccine formulations containing Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae outer membrane antigen (OmlA) with PCEP or Emulsigen as adjuvants. Our data showed a significant improvement and a shift toward more balanced immune responses when OmlA antigen was formulated with PCEP and CpG ODN. Moreover, in contrast to Emulsigen, immunization with PCEP did not result in local injection site reactions highlighting its potential as a safe and effective adjuvant for pigs. Further, the ease of formulation, administration and relatively low per dose cost of PCEP make it a promising adjuvant for pigs.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 120-Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3. Arshud.Dar@usask.ca
authors.forename: Arshud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.forename: Lorne A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Babiuk
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Mutwiri
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D008074:Lipoproteins; C094096:OmlA protein, bacteria; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011108:Polymers; C508285:poly(bis(carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene)