title: Differentiation and recruitment of Th9 cells stimulated by pleural mesothelial cells in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
abstract: Newly discovered IL-9-producing CD4(+) helper T cells (Th9 cells) have been reported to contribute to tissue inflammation and immune responses, however, differentiation and immune regulation of Th9 cells in tuberculosis remain unknown. In the present study, our data showed that increased Th9 cells with the phenotype of effector memory cells were found to be in tuberculous pleural effusion as compared with blood. TGF-β was essential for Th9 cell differentiation from naïve CD4(+) T cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin in vitro for 5 h, and addition of IL-1β, IL-4 or IL-6 further augmented Th9 cell differentiation. Tuberculous pleural effusion and supernatants of cultured pleural mesothelial cells were chemotactic for Th9 cells, and this activity was partly blocked by anti-CCL20 antibody. IL-9 promoted the pleural mesothelial cell repairing and inhibited IFN-γ-induced pleural mesothelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, pleural mesothelial cells promoted Th9 cell differentiation by presenting antigen. Collectively, these data provide new information concerning Th9 cells, in particular the collaborative immune regulation between Th9 cells and pleural mesothelial cells in human M. tuberculosis infection. In particular, pleural mesothelial cells were able to function as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate Th9 cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jian
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ming-Li
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Rong-Hui
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Wei-Bing
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xian-Zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Jian-Chu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shou-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Huan-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D054418:Chemokine CCL20 / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000276:immunology*; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D010994:Pleura / Q000473:pathology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D016906:Interleukin-9; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D015847:Interleukin-4; D015759:Ionomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate