title: Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism.
abstract: There has been significant advancement in various aspects of scientific knowledge concerning the role of cerebellum in the etiopathogenesis of autism. In the current consensus paper, we will observe the diversity of opinions regarding the involvement of this important site in the pathology of autism. Recent emergent findings in literature related to cerebellar involvement in autism are discussed, including: cerebellar pathology, cerebellar imaging and symptom expression in autism, cerebellar genetics, cerebellar immune function, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and oxytocin-related changes in autism, motor control and cognitive deficits, cerebellar coordination of movements and cognition, gene-environment interactions, therapeutics in autism, and relevant animal models of autism. Points of consensus include presence of abnormal cerebellar anatomy, abnormal neurotransmitter systems, oxidative stress, cerebellar motor and cognitive deficits, and neuroinflammation in subjects with autism. Undefined areas or areas requiring further investigation include lack of treatment options for core symptoms of autism, vermal hypoplasia, and other vermal abnormalities as a consistent feature of autism, mechanisms underlying cerebellar contributions to cognition, and unknown mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. fatem002@umn.edu
authors.forename: S Hossein
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fatemi
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Aldinger
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashwood
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Blaha
authors.forename: Gene J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Blatt
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Ved
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dager
authors.forename: Price E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Annette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldowitz
authors.forename: Detlef H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Bryan H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Loren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Kathleen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Millen
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mittleman
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Persico
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Welsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000378:metabolism; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases