title: Increased expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in patients with endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression and regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and its receptor, C-FMS, in endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo and vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive-age women undergoing surgery for benign conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal and endometrial tissue samples were obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF-1 and C-FMS expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher CSF-1 levels were found in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis compared with control subjects. Ectopic endometriotic tissue had 3.5-fold and 1.7-fold increases in CSF-1 and C-FMS expression, respectively, compared with eutopic tissue. Coculture of endometrial cells from either established cell lines or patient samples with peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) led to increased expression of CSF-1 and C-FMS. A higher but nonsignificant increase in levels of C-FMS and CSF-1 was found in cocultures of endometrial epithelial cells from patients with endometriosis compared with those without endometriosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased CSF-1 levels may contribute to endometriosis lesion formation and progression. Elevation in CSF-1 after coculture of endometrial cells with PMCs suggests that endometrial tissue may be a source of peritoneal CSF-1. Increased C-FMS expression in endometrial cells from women with endometriosis cocultured with PMCs suggests that endometrial tissue involved in lesion formation is highly responsive to CSF-1 signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Budrys
authors.forename: Hareesh B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Ya-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Nameer B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kirma
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Binkley
authors.forename: Shantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schenken
authors.forename: Rajeshwar Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tekmal
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013781:Texas; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor