title: Processing speed delays contribute to executive function deficits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum.
abstract: Corpus callosum malformation and dysfunction are increasingly recognized causes of cognitive and behavioral disability. Individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) offer unique insights regarding the cognitive skills that depend specifically upon callosal connectivity. We examined the impact of AgCC on cognitive inhibition, flexibility, and processing speed using the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT) and Trail Making Test (TMT) from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. We compared 36 individuals with AgCC and IQs within the normal range to 56 matched controls. The AgCC cohort was impaired on timed measures of inhibition and flexibility; however, group differences on CWIT Inhibition, CWIT Inhibition/Switching and TMT Number-Letter Switching appear to be largely explained by slow performance in basic operations such as color naming and letter sequencing. On CWIT Inhibition/Switching, the AgCC group was found to commit significantly more errors which suggests that slow performance is not secondary to a cautious strategy. Therefore, while individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum show real deficits on tasks of executive function, this impairment appears to be primarily a consequence of slow cognitive processing. Additional studies are needed to investigate the impact of AgCC on other aspects of higher order cortical function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Elysa J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: Warren S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Susanna S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Rita J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jeremy
authors.forename: Joel H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Elliott H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Sherr
authors.forename: Lynn K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult