title: Are shoals of minnow Phoxinus phoxinus formed by close kin?
abstract: A molecular analysis examining the level of relatedness in shoaling minnows Phoxinus phoxinus was conducted. The results revealed that individuals from within the same shoal were not more closely related to each other than to individuals from other shoals. This led to the conclusion that Schreckstoff may be less likely to have evolved in the context of kin selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lampert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tollrian
mesh_terms: D000819:Animal Communication; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D012919:Social Behavior