title: Inhibition of the NFAT pathway alleviates amyloid β neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, the main pathological species associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), disturb intracellular calcium homeostasis, which in turn activates the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN). CaN activation induced by Aβ leads to pathological morphological changes in neurons, and overexpression of constitutively active calcineurin is sufficient to generate a similar phenotype, even without Aβ. Here, we tested the hypothesis that calcineurin mediates neurodegenerative effects via activation of the nuclear transcription factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). We found that both spine loss and dendritic branching simplification induced by Aβ exposure were mimicked by constitutively active NFAT, and abolished when NFAT activation was blocked using the genetically encoded inhibitor VIVIT. When VIVIT was specifically addressed to the nucleus, identical beneficial effects were observed, thus enforcing the role of NFAT transcriptional activity in Aβ-related neurotoxicity. In vivo, when VIVIT or its nuclear counterpart were overexpressed in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease via a gene therapy approach, the spine loss and neuritic abnormalities observed in the vicinity of amyloid plaques were blocked. Overall, these results suggest that NFAT/calcineurin transcriptional cascades contribute to Aβ synaptotoxicity, and may provide a new specific set of pathways for neuroprotective strategies.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology/Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Eloise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hudry
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arbel-Ornath
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsouaka
authors.forename: Zhanyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Spires-Jones
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Betensky
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bacskai
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hyman
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D003712:Dendrites / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C467907:Nfatc4 protein, mouse; D009842:Oligopeptides; C121611:VIVIT peptide