title: Upregulation of APE/ref-1 in recurrence stage I, non small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death, still lacks reliable biomarkers. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Ref-1 is a multifunctional protein involved in the base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidative stress or alkylating compounds, as well as in the regulation of multiple transcription factors. To validate apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Ref-1 as a biomarker for prediction of lung cancer recurrence, we studied 42 patients who received curative resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. They were divided into 2 groups based on recurrence, and compared by immunohistochemistry staining of paraffin-embedded tissues and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed a significant difference between the cytoplasm and nucleus in patients who had a recurrence compared to those with nonrecurrent adenocarcinoma. In Western blot analysis, the recurrent adenocarcinoma group showed increased expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Ref-1 in cytoplasm, nucleus, and in total. This indicates that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Ref-1 is unregulated in recurrent stage I adenocarcinoma. For clinical application as a prognostic marker for non-small-cell lung cancer, further investigation into the role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Ref-1 in carcinogenesis is needed in an expanded prospective study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, DaeJeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Woong
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Shin Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Songyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Choong Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byeong Hwa
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Seung Pyung
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase