title: The trace element content of top-soil and wild edible mushroom samples collected in Tuscany, Italy.
abstract: The amount of the trace elements As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn was measured in top soils and edible mushrooms, Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota procera, collected at five distinct green microhabitats inside the Lucca province, North-Central Italy (years 2008-2009). Results showed a top soil element content within the Italian statutory limits. Concerning the amount of mushroom elements, we observed significant species-differences obtaining higher levels of Ni, Rb, and Se in B. edulis or As, Pb, Cu in M. procera. Bioaccumulation factors (BCFs: element in mushroom/element in soil) resulted species-dependent and element-selective: in particular, B. edulis preferentially accumulated Se (BCFs varying from 14 to 153), while M. procera mainly concentrated Cu (BCFs varying from 5 to 15). As well, both species displayed between-site BCF differences. By a multivariate principal component approach, cluster analysis (CA), we could resolve two main clusters of soil element composition, corresponding to the most ecologically divergent sites. Besides, CA showed no cluster relating to element contents of B. edulis at the different collection sites, while a separation in groups was found for M. procera composition with respect to harvesting locations, suggesting uptake systems, in this saprotrophic species, sensitive to microhabitat. Regarding consumer safety, Cd, Hg, Pb levels resulted sometime relevant in present samples, never reaching values from current literature on mushrooms collected in urban-polluted areas. Our findings encourage a deeper assessment of the molecular mechanisms of metal intake by edible mushrooms, encompassing genetic biochemical and geo-ecological variables, with particular awareness to element bioavailability in soils and fungi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy. ggino@farm.unipi.it
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannaccini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Betti
authors.forename: Lionella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palego
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mascia
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mela
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Biondi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucacchini
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005504:Food Analysis; D007558:Italy; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements