title: Antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder in diabetic rat brain.
abstract: Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder (TSP) has been reported to             have hypoglycemic and hyperinsulinemic action. The objective of the study was             to examine the antidiabetic and neuroprotective role of TSP in hyperglycemiainduced             alterations in blood glucose, insulin levels and activities of membrane             linked enzymes (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide             dismutase, glutathione S-transferase), calcium (Ca2+) levels, lipid peroxidation,             membrane fluidity and neurolipofuscin accumulation in the diabetic rat brain.             Female Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 220 g were made diabetic by a single             injection of alloxan monohydrate (15 mg/100 g body weight), diabetic rats were             given 2 IU insulin, per day with 5% TSP in the diet for three weeks. A significant             increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in diabetic brain. The increased lipid             peroxidation following chronic hyperglycemia was accompanied with a significant             increase in the neurolipofuscin deposition and Ca2+ levels with decreased activities             of membrane linked ATPases and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic brain. A decrease             in synaptosomal membrane fluidity may influence the activity of membrane linked             enzymes in diabetes. The present study showed that TSP treatment can reverse             the hyperglycemia induced changes to normal levels in diabetic rat brain. TSP             administration amended effect of hyperglycemia on alterations in lipid peroxidation,             restoring membrane fluidity, activities of membrane bound and antioxidant enzymes,             thereby ameliorating the diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: N Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Baquer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D029910:Trigonella
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations; D002118:Calcium