title: Presence of a large β(1-3)glucan linked to chitin at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mother-bud neck suggests involvement in localized growth control.
abstract: Previous results suggested that the chitin ring present at the yeast mother-bud neck, which is linked specifically to the nonreducing ends of β(1-3)glucan, may help to suppress cell wall growth at the neck by competing with β(1-6)glucan and thereby with mannoproteins for their attachment to the same sites. Here we explored whether the linkage of chitin to β(1-3)glucan may also prevent the remodeling of this polysaccharide that would be necessary for cell wall growth. By a novel mild procedure, β(1-3)glucan was isolated from cell walls, solubilized by carboxymethylation, and fractionated by size exclusion chromatography, giving rise to a very high-molecular-weight peak and to highly polydisperse material. The latter material, soluble in alkali, may correspond to glucan being remodeled, whereas the large-size fraction would be the final cross-linked structural product. In fact, the β(1-3)glucan of buds, where growth occurs, is solubilized by alkali. A gas1 mutant with an expected defect in glucan elongation showed a large increase in the polydisperse fraction. By a procedure involving sodium hydroxide treatment, carboxymethylation, fractionation by affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, and fractionation by size chromatography on Sephacryl columns, it was shown that the β(1-3)glucan attached to chitin consists mostly of high-molecular-weight material. Therefore, it appears that linkage to chitin results in a polysaccharide that cannot be further remodeled and does not contribute to growth at the neck. In the course of these experiments, the new finding was made that part of the chitin forms a noncovalent complex with β(1-3)glucan.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. enricoc@bdg10.niddk.nih.gov
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabib
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arroyo
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D004693:Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012100:Reproduction, Asexual; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012997:Solvents; D002686:Chitin; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D004693:Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase