title: Pilot estuarine mesocosm study on the environmental fate of Silver nanomaterials leached from consumer products.
abstract: Although nanosilver consumer products (CPs) enjoy widespread availability, the environmental fate, leaching, and bioaccumulation behaviors of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from these products are not well understood. In this work, three nanosilver CPs, two AgNP standards, and an ionic silver (Ag(+)) standard were studied in estuarine mesocosms. The CPs exhibited long-term release of significant amounts of silver over a 60d residence time in the mesocosms, and ultimately released 82 - 99% of their total silver loads. Measurements of total silver as a function of time, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), indicated that the silver was transferred from the water column and accumulated in the estuarine biota, including hard clams, grass shrimp, mud snails, cordgrass stalks and leaves, biofilms, intertidal sediment, and sand. The ICP-MS results and calculations of bioconcentration and trophic transfer factors indicated that significant amounts of silver were taken up by the organisms through trophic transfer. Silver was also adsorbed from the seawater into the biofilms, sediment, and sand, and from the sand into the clams.
authors.affiliation: Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: Geoffrey I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Elijah J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D010865:Pilot Projects; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D012908:Snails / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver