title: Functional performance testing in athletes with functional ankle instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if functional performance deficits are present in athletes with functional ankle instability (FAI) compared to healthy athletes using various functional performance tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty two athletes (mean age-21.7±1.8years; height-168.2±9.1cm; weight-63.8±11.0kg) participated in this case control study. Athletes were divided into two groups: athletes with FAI (FAI group, n=31) and healthy athletes (Non-FAI group, n=31). The FAI group was further divided into two subgroups: FAI with giving way (FAI-GW), FAI with no giving way (FAI-NGW). Functional performance was assessed with the single-limb hopping test, figure-of-8 hop test, side-hop test, single-limb hurdle test, square hop test and single hop test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for all the functional performance tests (FPTs) except the single hop test between FAI and Non-FAI groups; between FAI-GW, FAI-NGW and Non-FAI groups. Additionally, the involved limb performed significantly worse (P<0.05) than the contra-lateral uninvolved limb of the FAI-GW group for the above-mentioned FPTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant functional performance deficits were observed in the FAI group in all tests except single hop test with greater deficits observed in the FAI-GW group. Hence, these tests can be used to determine the presence of FAI. However no deficits were identified for the test involving sagittal plane functional activities suggesting that this test can not be used as a criterion to discriminate individuals with FAI. It was further ascertained that functional performance was not affected by limb dominance.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Archna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Jaspal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh Sandhu