title: Methylglyoxal causes structural and functional alterations in adipose tissue independently of obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipose tissue is one of the first organs to develop insulin resistance even with moderate BMI. However, the contribution of developing hyperglycaemia and concomitant methylglyoxal increment to tissue dysfunction during type 2 diabetes progression was not addressed before.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young and aged Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki rats (non-obese model of type 2 diabetes) and a group of MG-treated W rats were used to investigate the chronic effects of hyperglycaemia and ageing and specifically MG-induced mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic and aged rats showed decreased adipose tissue irrigation and interstitial hypoxia. Hyperglycaemia of diabetic rats leaded to fibrosis and accumulation of PAS-positive components, exacerbated in aged animals, which also showed decreased hipoadiponectinemia, increased MCP-1 expression and macrophage infiltration to glycated fibrotic regions. MG leaded to increased free fatty acids, hipoadiponectinemia, decreased irrigation, hypoxia and macrophage recruitment for glycated fibrotic regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MG contributes to dysfunction of adipose tissue during type 2 diabetes progression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology - IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matafome
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santos-Silva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crisóstomo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seiça
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D005355:Fibrosis; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde