title: Enhancement of pentobarbital-induced sleep by apigenin through chloride ion channel activation.
abstract: This experiment was performed to investigate whether apigenin has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the GABAergic systems. Apigenin prolonged sleep time induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol, a GABA(A) receptors agonist. Apigenin also increased sleep rate and sleep time in the combined administration with pentobarbital at the sub-hypnotic dosage, and showed synergic effects with muscimol in potentiating sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, both of apigeinin and pentobarbital increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Apigenin increased glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and had no effect on the expression of GABA(A) receptor α-, β-, γ-subunits in n hippocampus of mouse brain, showing different expression of subunits from pentobarbital treatment group. In conclusion, it is suggested that apigenin augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through chloride ion channel activation.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chung-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jin-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Si Kwan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Yeong Man
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Myong Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Kinam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ki-Wan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D065101:Chloride Channel Agonists; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000819:agonists* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009118:Muscimol / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000819:agonists* / Q000494:pharmacology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D051381:Rats; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D065101:Chloride Channel Agonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D009118:Muscimol; D047310:Apigenin; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D010424:Pentobarbital