title: A multicenter study of nutraceutical drinks for cholesterol (evaluating effectiveness and tolerability).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that a nutraceutical formulation containing small amounts of bioactive constituents that exert cholesterol-lowering effects by different mechanisms may exhibit synergistic efficacy with a clean tolerability profile. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutraceutical fruit-flavored drinks with and without red yeast rice (RYR) for effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol.
  
  
  METHODS
  In double-blinded fashion, 79 subjects were randomized to one of three fruit-flavored drinks, ie, a placebo, and two active drinks containing niacin, phytosterol esters, L-carnitine, vitamin C, and Co-Q-10, one with and without RYR, twice daily. Primary end points were LDL and total cholesterol percent reductions from baseline. Secondary end points were high-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein percent change from baseline. Physician contact and laboratory work were obtained at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks of subject participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 59 subjects completed the study. The placebo group and the group receiving the nutraceuticals without RYR showed no change in primary or secondary end points. The nutraceutical drink with RYR reduced total cholesterol at week 4 by 13% (-35 mg/dL) and week 8 by 14% (-46 mg/dL). LDL cholesterol decreased 17.1% at 4 weeks (-28 mg/dL) and 17.8% at week 8 (-30 mg/dL). In the effective drink arm containing nutraceuticals and RYR there were no biochemical or subjective intolerance, with the exception of one subject who experienced headache.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nutraceutical drink with RYR can be a safe and effective natural alternative to pharmacologic therapies for people intolerant to or refusing statins but still in need of achieving and maintaining a healthy and low cholesterol level.
authors.affiliation: Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 880 NW 13th street, Suite 1B, Boca Raton, FL 33486, USA. drmitchellkarl@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudnick
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brejda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003710:Demography; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C117343:red yeast rice; D002784:Cholesterol