title: Orbital apex syndrome due to trigeminal perineural spread of sinonasal leprosy: a case report.
abstract: Leprosy is a granulomatous disease primarily affecting the skin and peripheral nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae, but also significantly involving sinonasal cavities and cranial nerves. It continues to be a significant public health problem, and despite multidrug therapy, it can still cause significant morbidity. The awareness of cranial nerve, intracranial and orbital apex involvement as in our case is important for appropriate treatment measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Al-Sabah Zain ENT and Kuwait Cancer Center, Kuwait. ah_elbeltagi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: El Beltagi
authors.forename: Hosam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Nil
authors.forename: Lamia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alrabiah
authors.forename: Nofa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El Shammari
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015440:Leprosy, Lepromatous / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009166:Mycobacterium leprae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000382:microbiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*