title: Differential expression of the putative Kex2 processed and secreted aspartic proteinase gene family of Cryphonectria parasitica.
abstract: Kex2-silenced strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, the ascomycete causal agent of chestnut blight, show a significant reduction in virulence, reduced sexual and asexual sporulation and reductions in mating and fertility. Due to this and the known involvement of Kex2 in the processing of important proproteins in other systems, we searched the whole C. parasitica genome for putative Kex2 substrates. Out of 1299 open reading frames (ORFs) predicted to be secreted, 222 ORFs were identified as potential Kex2 substrates by this screen. Within the putative substrates we identified cell wall modifying proteins, putative proteinases, lipases, esterases, and oxidoreductases. This in silico screen also uncovered a family of nine secreted aspartic proteinases (SAPs) of C. parasitica. Northern blot analyses of this gene family showed differential expression when exposed to chestnut wood and Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). Due to the reduction in fungal virulence known to be caused upon hypoviral infection of C. parasitica, the differential gene expression observed, and the known involvement of SAPs in virulence in other systems, we conducted deletion analyses of four of these proteinases, representing different expression patterns. Deletion of each of the four SAPs did not affect growth rates, sporulation or virulence, suggesting that none of the considered SAPs is essential for the full development or virulence of C. parasitica under the conditions tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. dkwilk@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacob-Wilk
authors.forename: Marino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turina
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kazmierczak
authors.forename: Neal K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Van Alfen
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D020868:Gene Silencing; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors; D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases; D013381:Subtilisins; C091268:krp dibasic endopeptidase