title: Desarda versus Lichtenstein technique for primary inguinal hernia treatment: 3-year results of a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Shouldice method and other tissue-based techniques are still acknowledged to be acceptable for primary inguinal hernia repair according to the European Hernia Society guidelines. Desarda's technique, presented in 2001, is an original hernia repair method using an undetached strip of external oblique aponeurosis. This randomized trial compared outcomes after hernia repair with Desarda (D) and mesh-based Lichtenstein (L) techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 208 male patients were randomly assigned to the D or L group (105 vs. 103, respectively). The primary outcomes measured were recurrence and chronic pain. Additionally, early and late complications, foreign body sensation, and return to everyday activity were examined in hospital and at 7, 30 days, and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up, two recurrences were observed in each group (p = 1.000). Chronic pain was experienced by 4.8 and 2.9% of patients from groups D and L, respectively (p = 0.464). Foreign body sensation and return to activity were not different between the groups. There was significantly less seroma production in the D group (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of primary inguinal hernia repair with the Desarda and Lichtenstein techniques are comparable at the 3-year follow-up. The technique may potentially increase the number of tissue-based methods available for treating groin hernias.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland. jacek.szopinski@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szopinski
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dabrowiecki
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pierscinski
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Gastrointestinal, and Cancer Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, ul. Sw. Jozefa 53/59, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jackowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Gastrointestinal, and Cancer Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, ul. Sw. Jozefa 53/59, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jonscher Community Hospital, ul. Milionowa 14, 93-113, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szuflet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012008:Recurrence; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D016896:Treatment Outcome