title: Algal wastewater treatment systems for seasonal climates: application of a simple modelling approach to generate local and regional design guidelines.
abstract: Algal waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) provide a means of treating wastewater, and also a potential source of water for re-use in irrigation, aquaculture or algal biomass cultivation. The quantities of treated water available and the periods in which it is suitable for use or discharge are closely linked to climatic factors. This paper describes the application, at a continent-wide scale, of a modelling approach based on the use of readily available climate datasets to provide WSP design and performance guidelines linked to geographical location. Output is presented in regionally-based contour maps covering a wide area of Russia and central Asia and indicating pond area, earliest discharge date, discharge duration, wastewater inflow:outflow ratio and salinity under user-specified conditions. The results confirm that broad-brush discharge guidelines of the type commonly used in North America can safely be applied; but suggest that a more detailed approach is worthwhile to optimise operating regimes for local conditions. The use of long-series climate data can also permit tailoring of designs to specific sites. The work considers a simple 2-pond system, but other configurations and operating regimes should be investigated, especially for the wide range of locations across the world that are intermediate between the 'one short discharge per year' mode and year-round steady-state operation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. sh7@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heaven
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Lyubov N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Pak
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000378:metabolism*; D002980:Climate; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D005160:Facility Design and Construction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012426:Russia; D054712:Salinity; D012621:Seasons; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*