title: Mandibular fracture in single-humped camels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the causes and classification of mandibular fractures in dromedary camels and outcome after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-humped camels (n = 116) with mandibular fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  At admission, cause, site, classification, and radiography of mandibular fractures were recorded. Factors affecting fracture healing were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biting was the main cause of mandibular fractures in camels, which occurred more commonly in older males (P = .001) than in females. Open fractures were more common than closed ones (92.2% versus 7.8%, P = .0001) and single fractures were more frequent (82%) than multiple and comminuted fractures (18%; P = .001). Fractures were treated by interdental wiring (91.2%) or U-shaped aluminum bar (8.8%) and healing occurred in most (83.2%) fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In dromedary camels, mandibular fracture is most commonly caused by bites and can be successfully repaired by interdental wiring or a U-bar technique with good outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D002162:Camelus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary