title: Affect balance style, experimental pain sensitivity, and pain-related responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Affect is neurobiologically based, influences emotions, contributes to temperamental characteristics, and can be evaluated from both state and trait perspectives. Associations between state-related positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and chronic pain have been investigated. However, little is known about the relationship between trait affect patterns and pain-related experiences. Affect balance style (ABS) provides a framework to assess the combined contribution of trait PA and NA. Psychological factors and experimental pain sensitivity are indicated as predictors of chronic pain onset. The current study investigated the relationship between ABS, pain sensitivity, and pain-related measures in healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n=372) completed quantitative sensory testing, pain-related questionnaires, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. ABS groups were categorized as Healthy (high PA, low NA), Low (low PA, low NA), Depressive (low PA, high NA), and Reactive (high PA, high NA). Z-scores were computed for 3 experimental pain measures: ischemic, pressure, and heat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ABS groups significantly differed on ischemic pain sensitivity and pain-related measures. Specifically, the Healthy group demonstrated lower ischemic pain sensitivity compared with the Reactive group (P=0.02); the Depressive and Reactive groups endorsed higher somatic symptoms compared with the Healthy group (P<0.02); the Low and Depressive groups reported more physical stimuli sensitivity than the Healthy group (P<0.02); and the Reactive group indicated more passive coping strategies then the Low and Healthy groups (P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from the study suggest that among healthy adults, trait affect patterns are associated with ischemic experimental pain sensitivity and other pain-related measures.
authors.affiliation: Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. ksibille@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Sibille
authors.forename: Lindsay L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Kindler
authors.forename: Toni L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Staud
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fillingim
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D011312:Pressure; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult