title: Tribal casinos in California: the last vestige of indoor smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High levels of airborne particles from secondhand smoke have been reported in California Indian casinos. Yet, little is known regarding the smoking status of casino patrons, their avoidance of secondhand smoke while visiting, and their views on a hypothetical smoking ban.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predictors of visiting an Indian casino were assessed among participants of the 2008 California Tobacco Survey (n = 10,397). Exposure to and avoidance of secondhand smoke were subsequently analyzed among a subset of participants who had visited a casino in the year prior to the survey (n = 3,361).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethnic minorities, older individuals, current smokers and residents of sparsely populated regions of California were more likely than other demographic groups to visit a tribal casino. Avoidance of secondhand smoke was more frequent among the never smokers than former and current smokers, particularly those who last visited a casino lacking physical separation between non-smoking and smoking sections. The never smokers versus current smokers disproportionately expressed a willingness to extend their stay and visit again if smoking were prohibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If casinos became smoke free, then it is anticipated that they would be visited by a significantly larger number of Californians, including both patrons and those who otherwise would not have visited a casino.
authors.affiliation: Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Anteater Instruction & Research Building, Irvine, CA 92697-3957, USA. dtimberl@uci.edu
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Timberlake
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wael K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Al-Delaimy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011640:Public Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution