title: Role of orexin receptors in obesity: from cellular to behavioral evidence.
abstract: The orexin peptides and their two receptors are involved in multiple physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, arousal, stress and reward. Higher signaling of the orexin peptides at the orexin receptors (OXR) protects against obesity, but it is less clear how their activation in different brain regions contributes to this behavioral output. This review summarizes the evidence available for a role of central OXR in energy homeostasis and their contribution to obesity. A detailed analysis of anatomical, cellular and behavioral evidence shows that modulation of energy homeostasis by the OXR is largely dependent upon anatomical and cellular context. It also shows that obesity resistance provided by activation of the OXR is distributed across multiple brain sites with site-specific actions. We suggest that understanding the role of the OXR in the development of obesity requires considering both specific mechanisms within brain regions and interactions of orexinergic input between multiple sites.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. perez087@umn.edu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Perez-Leighton
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Butterick-Peterson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Billington
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kotz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D051381:Rats; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide