title: Injectable fillers for volume replacement in the aging face.
abstract: In recent years, there has been a better understanding of the aging process. In addition to changes occurring in the skin envelope, significant changes occur in the subcutaneous fat and craniofacial skeleton. This has led to a paradigm shift in the therapeutic approach to facial rejuvenation. Along with soft tissue repositioning, volumizing the aging face has been found to optimize the result and achieve a more natural appearance. Early in the aging process, when there has not been a significant change to the face requiring surgical intervention, fillers alone can provide minimally invasive facial rejuvenation through volumizing. Multiple injectable soft tissue fillers and biostimulators are currently available to provide facial volume such as hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, and silicone. A discussion of the morphological changes seen in the aging face, the properties of these products, and key technical concepts will be highlighted to permit optimum results when performing facial volumizing of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face. These fillers can act as a dress rehearsal for these patients considering structural fat grafting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. timg@drgrecoface.com
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Marcelo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yellin
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002610:Cheek / Q000601:surgery; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery; D060052:Nasolabial Fold / Q000601:surgery; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012828:Silicones / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D012828:Silicones; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017886:Durapatite