title: β-blockers in stage B: a precursor of heart failure.
abstract: β-blockers are an important treatment of heart failure (HF) and are useful in reducing the progression of the syndrome. They should be considered for patients with asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Evidence-based β-blocker therapy (bisoprolol, carvedilol, or metoprolol succinate) in combination with standard therapy is a mainstay of treatment of all symptomatic patients with LV systolic dysfunction. Patients in stage B also benefit from the early introduction of β-blockers, but there are no large randomized clinical trials to support this strategy. Whether there is a role for ivabradine in the treatment of HF is not clear.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Minnesota, Variety Club Research Center, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarraf
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D000077261:Carvedilol; D018450:Disease Progression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000077550:Ivabradine; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001552:Benzazepines; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D000077550:Ivabradine; C024307:bucindolol; D017298:Bisoprolol