title: The metabolic basis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: 2011 report of the "metabolic" workgroup of the Fondation Yves Cotrel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to elucidate the metabolic processes involved in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in light of research by the present authors as well as current literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathogenetic mechanisms involved in AIS were modeled as (a) a form of neuromuscular scoliosis (in conjunction with an adverse mechanical environment such as bipedality), in which hormonal and other chemical factors act as regulators of skeletal muscle tone and function; (b) as a consequence of an abnormality in growth of the spinal column (in conjunction with an adverse mechanical environment such as bipedality), in which hormones and other chemical factors act as regulators of growth; and (c) as a mechanical failure of one side of the vertebral column due to a defect in trabecular formation or mineralization (in conjunction with an adverse mechanical environment such as bipedality); in which hormonal and other chemical factors act as regulators of bone formation, mineralization and/or resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current evidence supporting these models individually or in combination is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Spine Center, Iran caddesi 45/2, Kavaklidere, Ankara, Turkey. acaroglue@gmail.com
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Acaroglu
authors.forename: Regis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bobe
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Enouf
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcucio
authors.forename: Florina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moldovan
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000378:metabolism*