title: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of root canal sealers based on mineral trioxide aggregate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MTA has good biological properties, and it is a mineralization-inducing material with different indications in endodontics. Initially this material was not recommended as root canal sealer. However, a resin sealer based on mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Fillapex) was recently released with this indication. Because MTA is in contact with the periodontal tissues, bone, and pulp, it is important to know its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MTA canal sealer (Fillapex) compared with white MTA cement and AH Plus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media previously exposed to such materials. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by methol-thiazol-diphenyl tetrazolium assay in spectrophotometer to check the viability rate and cell survival. The genotoxicity was accessed by the micronucleus formation assay. Cell survival rate and micronuclei number were assessed before and after exposure to cement extracts, and the results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the cell viability remained above 50% in white MTA group for all dilutions. AH Plus induced an intermediate cytotoxicity in a dilution-dependent manner, followed by Fillapex MTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  White MTA group was the less cytotoxic material in this study. Both AH Plus and Fillapex MTA sealer showed the lowest cell viability rates and caused an increased micronucleus formation when compared with control untreated group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Marcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: Samira E A
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Sylvia B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Rabelo
authors.forename: Gleyce O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique R
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006224:Cricetinae; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D008422:Materials Testing; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D009153:Mutagens; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C022616:thiazolyl blue