title: Mid-term results of bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis and hemi-Mustard procedure in anatomical correction of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Senning or Mustard procedure combined with the arterial switch operation (ASO) (± VSD and no left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction) or the Rastelli operation (VSD and LV outflow tract obstruction) has become the preferred strategy over conventional repair as it is thought to prevent long-term dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV). More recently, hemi-Mustard rerouting of blood from the inferior vena cava to the RV in combination with bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BCPA) has been adopted by some centres for potential benefits over the classic atrial switch procedure. The aim of this study was to analyse our experience with hemi-Mustard and BCPA as part of an anatomical repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) in selected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2004 and 2011, eight patients underwent hemi-Mustard/BCPA with the Rastelli operation (n = 6) or ASO (n = 2). The median age was 2.9 (range: 1.2-9.1) years. Positional anomalies were present in 75% of the patients. Both patients with ASO had dysplastic and insufficient tricuspid valves. In the Rastelli group, four patients had previously received shunts followed by BCPA in one patient. In the ASO group, both patients underwent pulmonary artery banding initially.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one in-hospital death and no late mortality. Two patients received a pacemaker. One patient from the Rastelli group required conduit change 6 years later. At the mean follow-up of 4.5 years, six and one patients are in NYHA classes I and II, respectively; six patients showed good biventricular function, while one had LV dysfunction. Systemic venous obstruction and sinus node dysfunction were not observed, and BCPA was functioning well in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemi-Mustard/BCPA is useful in anatomical repair of CCTGA in selected patients. When compared with the classic atrial switch operation, it is technically easier which makes it especially helpful in atrio-apical discordance; it unloads an RV with limited size or function, and avoids complications related to the upper limb of the classic atrial switch procedure. Mid-term results of this approach are favourable. Further follow-up is needed to prove long-term benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. v.sojak@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sojak
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koolbergen
authors.forename: Marry
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rijlaarsdam
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hruda
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hazekamp
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000080041:Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery