title: A guide to dosing in the treatment of cervical dystonia and blepharospasm with Xeomin®: a new botulinum neurotoxin A.
abstract: Xeomin(®) (incobotulinumtoxinA; Merz Pharmaceuticals, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) was first introduced in Germany for movement disorders in 2005. In 2010, it was approved for use in the United States by the FDA for the treatment of cervical dystonia (CD) and blepharospasm. It is a unique botulinum type A formulation free of any complexing proteins and contains only the pure 150 kD neurotoxin. Thus, the formation of neutralizing antibodies is not induced even after long-term treatment. The purpose of this report is to review the safety profile and dosing schedule for Xeomin for the treatment of CD and blepharospasm. The recommended dose for patients with CD is 120 U/treatment, with administration intervals normally between 3 and 6 months. However, clinical studies have found Xeomin to be safe and effective at doses up to 400 U in both previously treated and treatment-naïve patients. The recommended starting dose in patients with blepharospasm is 2.5-5.0 U/injection site. Patients can be switched using a 1:1 conversion ratio from Botox(®) (onabotulinumtoxinA, Allergen Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) to Xeomin without any loss of efficacy or safety concerns. Xeomin does not differ from Botox in terms of its potency, onset, diffusion profile, or duration and waning of effect. It is the only botulinum treatment that is stable for up to 3 years at room temperature. Xeomin offers a new and important treatment option for movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University Hospital, GUH 7PHC, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA. fpogan01@gunet.georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Fernando L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Pagan
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017408:Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014103:Torticollis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA