title: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor prevents kidney infarction and attenuates renovascular hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  G-CSF is a critical regulator of hematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. It has been reported that G-CSF attenuates renal injury during acute ischemia-reperfusion. In this study we evaluated the effects of G-CSF on the renal and cardiovascular systems of 2K1C hypertensive mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to left renal artery clipping (2K1C) or sham operation and were then administered G-CSF (100 μg/kg/day) or vehicle for 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial pressure was higher in 2K1C + vehicle animals than in 2K1C + G-CSF (150±5 vs. 129±2 mmHg, p<0.01, n=8). Plasma angiotensin I, II and 1-7 concentrations were significantly increased in 2K1C + Vehicle when compared to the normotensive Sham group. G-CSF prevented the increase of these vasoactive peptides. The clipped kidney/contralateral kidney weight ratio showed a less atrophy of the ischemic kidney in the treated group (0.50±0.02 vs. 0.66±0.01, p<0.05). The infarction area in the clipped kidney was completely prevented in 7 out of 8 2K1C + G-CSF mice. Administration of G-CSF protected the clipped kidney from apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that G-CSF prevents kidney infarction and markedly attenuates the increases in plasma angiotensin levels and hypertension in 2K1C mice, reinforcing the protective effect of G-CSF on kidney ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Breno V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Zaira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.forename: Marcella L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Camille M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Balarini
authors.forename: Thiago M C
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Marcelo P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Baldo
authors.forename: Dulce E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Casarini
authors.forename: Silvana Santos
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Meyrelles
authors.forename: Elisardo C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vasquez
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000803:Angiotensin I