title: Inhibition of inflammations and macrophage activation by ginsenoside-Re isolated from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer).
abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside-Re (Gin-Re) isolated from roots of Panax ginseng on carrageenan-induced paw and TPA-induced skin inflammations in experimental mice. Moreover, to confirm further the anti-inflammatory activities of Gin-Re, LPS-induced macrophage activation model was also used. Exposure of TPA on the ear of BALB/c mice caused a marked increase in both ear thickness and skin water content. Gin-Re caused significant decrease in ear thickness and subsequently reduced the water content compared to only TPA treated group (p<0.05). Furthermore, histological analysis clearly confirmed that Gin-Re inhibited the inflammatory responses of skin inflammation in animal model. Gin-Re was responded well in inhibiting paw thickness, MDA level and also NO level in carrageenan induced paw edema model compared to only carrageenan treated group. Treatment with Gin-Re inhibited secretion levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cells. Despite the fact that Gin-Re has weaker anti-inflammatory potential than the positive controls, indomethacin and hydrocortisone, in the entire group tested, quite effective anti-inflammatory activity was shown by Gin-Re, which could be helpful to develop medicinal preparations for various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Souren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Heung Sop
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sun Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; C049864:ginsenoside Re