title: Cell differentiation and osseointegration influenced by nanoscale anodized titanium surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells and the bone integration of nanostructured titanium implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanopores of 20, 30 and 50 nm were prepared by anodization of titanium at 5, 10 and 20 V in a mixture of fluorhydric and acetic acid. Ti 30 and 50 nanostructures promoted early osteoblastic gene differentiation of the human mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic supplements. The osseointegration of nanostructured and control titanium implants was compared by implantation in rat tibias for 1 and 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nanostructures significantly accelerated bone apposition and bone bonding strength in vivo in correlation with in vitro results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that specific nanostructures controlled the differentiation of cells and, thus, the integration of implants in tissues. These nanoporous titanium surfaces may be of considerable interest for dental and orthopedic implants.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U957, Laboratory Physiopathology of Bone Resorption, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, France. lavens@rpi.edu
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavenus
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trichet
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Chevalier
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoornaert
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Louarn
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Layrolle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D058608:Nanopores / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D014025:Titanium