title: Waterpipe smoking among college students in the United States: a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on college student waterpipe use with a focus on undergraduates in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Undergraduate students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were accessed using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier. Searches included combinations of the following keywords: "waterpipe," "hookah," "shisha," "nargila," "argileh," "hubble bubble," "college," "university," and "student."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results demonstrate that approximately 1 in 5 American college students report past-year waterpipe use. Results also suggest that there are a number of established correlates of waterpipe smoking, including male gender, Arab ethnicity, cigarette smoking, and the belief that waterpipe smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite its harmful health effects, waterpipe smoking is quite common among college students. Future research with better methodologies and theoretical frameworks are needed to advance the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. grekine@wayne.edu
authors.forename: Emily R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Grekin
authors.forename: Dinah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ayna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult