title: Dacryoendoscopic observation and incidence of canalicular obstruction/stenosis associated with S-1, an oral anticancer drug.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report dacryoendoscopic observations and the incidence of lacrimal obstruction/stenosis associated with S-1, an oral anticancer drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, nonrandomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 52 patients (41 men, 11 women; age 42-93 years) who were prescribed the anticancer drug S-1 were studied. Patients who suffered eye complaints following S-1 treatment underwent ophthalmic examination, probing and lacrimal irrigation. Patients whose tear meniscus was high or had abnormal lacrimal irrigation were evaluated by dacryoendoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 5 of 52 S-1-treated patients (9.6%) experienced lacrimal passage stenosis/obstruction. One patient had punctal stenosis, and four patients had canalicular obstruction/stenosis. The onset of epiphora ranged from 2 to 8 months (4.4 ± 2.2 months, mean ± SD) after the initiation of chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients receiving S-1 treatment should be evaluated for potential lacrimal disorders, particularly canalicular obstruction/stenosis. Dacryoendoscopic observation is effective for the diagnosis of this side effect.
authors.affiliation: Sasaki Eye Clinic, 5-2-6 Mikuni-higashi, Mikuni, Sakai, 913-0016, Japan. sasatsug@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tsugihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Tamon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid