title: Maternal and fetal IGF-I and IGF-II levels, fetal growth, and gestational diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It remains uncertain whether maternal IGF-I is associated with fetal growth. Little is known about the role of maternal IGF-II in fetal growth and whether IGF-I or IGF-II is implicated in fetal hypertrophy in gestational diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to assess maternal and fetal IGF-I and IGF-II levels in association with fetal growth and gestational diabetes. STUDY DESIGN, POPULATION, AND OUTCOMES: A singleton pregnancy cohort study (n = 307). The primary outcome was birth weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal plasma concentrations increased by an average of 55.4% for IGF-I and 11.8% for IGF-II between 24-28 and 32-35 weeks of gestation. The maternal IGF-I but not IGF-II level was correlated with birth weight and placental weight. Adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics, each SD increase in maternal IGF-I level at 24-28 weeks was associated with a 75-g (95% confidence intervals 29-120) increase in birth weight, a 20-g (7-33) increase in placental weight, and a 1.91-fold (1.28-2.86) higher odds of macrosomia (birth weight > 90th percentile). Similar associations were observed for the maternal IGF-I level at 32-35 weeks. Maternal and fetal IGF-I (but not IGF-II) levels were significantly higher in gestational diabetic than in nondiabetic pregnancies. The significantly higher birth weight z scores in diabetic pregnancies disappeared after adjusting for maternal and fetal IGF-I levels alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher maternal IGF-I (but not IGF-II) levels at mid- and late gestation may indicate greater placental and fetal growth. IGF-I (but not IGF-II) may be implicated in fetal hypertrophy in gestational diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine, University of Montréal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Canada H3T 1C5. zc_luo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zhong-Cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Anne-Monique
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nuyt
authors.forename: Edgard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delvin
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Audibert
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Bryna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shatenstein
authors.forename: Anik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cousineau
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djemli
authors.forename: Cheri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deal
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Yuquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II