title: Effects of fast functional exercise on muscle activity after stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In stroke rehabilitation, considerable emphasis is placed on improving muscle strength with less focus on the speed of movement. Muscle power (product of force and velocity) is essential for balance and mobility but velocity of movement is impaired after stroke.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this efficacy study is to determine if a single session of fast functional movements can increase muscle activation and the speed of movement in participants with a subacute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 32 individuals poststroke and 32 age- and sex-matched controls performed a single session of 50 fast squats and steps. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured bilaterally in the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus muscles. The average EMG area and the movement speed were calculated over 10 trials. The effect of exercise was determined as the change from the second set (Start) to the last set (End) of 10 trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stroke group had significant increases in EMG area of the TA, BF, and RF during the squatting exercise. There was an increase in EMG area of the RF and BF when the paretic leg was stepping. Improvements in EMG area of the soleus and RF when the paretic leg was in stance accompanied increases in EMG area when the nonparetic leg was stepping. There was a trend for improved movement speed for both exercises.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single session of exercises emphasizing speed of movement can be used to improve muscle activation in persons with mild to moderately severe strokes.
authors.affiliation: The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Tanya D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.forename: S Jayne
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Garland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D055815:Young Adult