title: Population-based surveillance of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Shandong Province, China.
abstract: To investigate the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Chinese populations, we analyzed the drug resistance profiles of 1787 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates through a population-based surveillance project in Shandong Province, China. We found  330 (18.5%; 95%CI 16.1-20.3) isolates resistant to ≥1 first-line drug and 65 (3.6%; 95%CI 2.9-4.6) multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, of which 13 (20.0%; 95%CI 11.9-31.4) were XDR; 47/65 MDR-TB isolates (70.8%; 95%CI 58.2-81.4) were resistant to fluoroquinolones.  Our results indicate that inadequate application of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs has caused increased prevalence of XDR-TB in certain Chinese populations.
authors.affiliation: Katharine Hsu International Research Center of Human Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Graviss
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones