title: Renal failure and acute myocardial infarction: clinical characteristics in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, on dialysis, and without chronic kidney disease. A collaborative project of the United States Renal Data System/National Institutes of Health and the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience poor outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We sought to compare clinical characteristics of advanced CKD, dialysis, and non-CKD patients hospitalized with AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational study used record-linked data from the US Renal Data System and Third National Registry of Myocardial Infarction to identify 2,390 dialysis patients with AMI hospitalizations between April 1998 and June 2000. Advanced CKD patients (n = 29,319) were identified by baseline creatinine level ≥2.5 mg/dL. Clinical characteristics of CKD, dialysis, and non-CKD patients (n = 274,777) were compared using the χ(2) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically significant differences among patients with advanced CKD (dialysis and non-CKD, respectively) on admission were chest pain, 40.4% (41.1% and 61.6%); diagnosis other than acute coronary syndrome, 44% (47.7% and 25.8%); and ST elevation, 15.9% (17.6% and 32.5%). In-hospital adverse outcomes were mortality, 23% (21.7% and 12.6%); unexpected cardiac arrest, 8.9% (12.3% and 6%); congestive heart failure, 41% (25.8% and 21.1%); and major bleeding, 4.9% (4.4% and 3%); P < .001 for all comparisons. In a logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital mortality for CKD (vs non-CKD) patients was 1.44 (95% CI 1.39-1.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical characteristics of non-dialysis-dependent, advanced CKD patients with AMI are similar to characteristics of dialysis patients and likely contribute to poor outcomes. Intensive efforts for timely, accurate recognition of AMI in advanced CKD patients are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Gautam R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Shroff
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012042:Registries; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology