title: Changes in tympanic temperature during the exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mobile phones generate microwave radiation which is absorbed by exposed tissue and converted into heat. It may cause detrimental health effects. The aim of the experiment was to check if exposure to EMF emitted by mobile phone influenced the tympanic temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human volunteer study was performed on ten healthy young men, aged 22.1±4.7 years, examined three times: 1. on a day with 2×60 min of no exposure (sham day), 2. on a day with continuous, 60 min exposure and 60 min of no exposure, 3. on a day with intermittent exposure (4×15 min "on" and 4×15 min "off"). Exposure was generated by mobile phone (frequency 900 MHz, SAR 1.23 W/kg). The study was double-blind, performed under controlled conditions (at 24°C and 70% humidity). The tympanic temperature (T(ty)) was monitored every 10 sec by a thermistor probe placed close to the aural canal membrane in the ear opposite the one in contact with mobile phone (contralateral position). Multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to calculate the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean T(ty) in the whole group during continuous exposure was significantly higher than during sham exposure (p = 0.0001). During intermittent exposure the temperature was lower than during sham day (difference was up to 0.11°C). Within an hour after continuous exposure, T(ty) was higher by 0.03°C and after intermittent exposure T(ty) was lower by 0.18°C in comparison with sham day. Two hours after exposure T(ty) was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) than after sham exposure (0.06°C and 0.26°C respectively). The trends in T(ty) during experiment differed significantly in relation to exposure conditions (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this analysis indicate that the physiological response to EMF exposure from mobile phone was mostly related to type of exposure (continuous or intermittent).
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland. alab@sunlib.p.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bortkiewicz
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gadzicka
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szymczak
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zmyślony
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055815:Young Adult