title: Chondrogenic differentiation of human subchondral progenitor cells is affected by synovial fluid from donors with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microfracture is a first-line treatment option for cartilage repair. In microfracture, subchondral mesenchymal cortico-spongious progenitor cells (CSP) enter the defect and form cartilage repair tissue. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of joint disease conditions on the in vitro chondrogenesis of human CSP.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSP were harvested from the subchondral bone marrow. CSP characterization was performed by analysis of cell surface antigen pattern and by assessing the chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential, histologically. To assess the effect of synovial fluid (SF) on chondrogenesis of CSP, micro-masses were stimulated with SF from healthy (ND), osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis donors (RA) without transforming growth factor beta 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSP showed the typical cell surface antigen pattern known from mesenchymal stem cells and were capable of osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. In micro-masses stimulated with SF, histological staining as well as gene expression analysis of typical chondrogenic marker genes showed that SF from ND and OA induced the chondrogenic marker genes aggrecan, types II and IX collagen, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and link protein, compared to controls not treated with SF. In contrast, the supplementation with SF from RA donors decreased the expression of aggrecan, type II collagen, COMP and link protein, compared to CSP treated with SF from ND or OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in RA, SF may impair cartilage repair by subchondral mesenchymal progenitor cells in microfracture, while in OA, SF may has no negative, but a delaying effect on the cartilage matrix formation.
authors.affiliation: TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan Philipp
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stuhlmüller
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morawietz
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Häupl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000378:metabolism; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D024081:Collagen Type IX / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D000099249:Proteoglycan Link Protein
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; D024043:Collagen Type II; D024081:Collagen Type IX; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000099249:Proteoglycan Link Protein; C577553:TSP5 protein, human