title: Evaluation of photodynamic treatment using aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride as a photosensitizer: new approach.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been the subject of several clinical studies. Evidence to date suggests that direct cell death may involve apoptosis. T(24) cells (bladder cancer cells, ATCC-Nr. HTB-4) were subjected to PDT with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride (AlS(4)Pc-Cl) and red laser light at 670 nm. Morphological changes after PDT were visualized under confocal microscopy. Raman microspectroscopy is considered as one of the newly established methods used for the detection of cytochrome c as an apoptotic marker. Results showed that PDT treated T(24) cells seem to undergo apoptosis after irradiation with 3 J cm(-2). Cytochrome c could not be detected from cells incubated with AlS(4)Pc-Cl using Raman spectroscopy whereas AlS(4)Pc-Cl seems to interfere with the Raman spectrum of cytochrome c.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. rehabamin@niles.edu.eg
authors.forename: Rehab M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinzler
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rueck
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scalfi-Happ
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008027:Light; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C048577:aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine; D045304:Cytochromes c