title: Sleep apnoea attenuates the effects of a lifestyle intervention programme in men with visceral obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Excess visceral adiposity and sleep apnoea are two conditions independently associated with cardiovascular diseases. The two conditions are often combined and are believed to interact in a vicious circle.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the response of men with visceral obesity with or without sleep apnoea syndrome to a 1-year healthy eating, physical activity/exercise intervention programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  77 men, selected on the basis of increased waist circumference (≥90 cm) and dyslipidaemia (triglycerides ≥1.69 and/or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <1.03 mmol/litre), participated in this study. Body composition and fat distribution were assessed by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry or CT and sleep breathing disorders by home-based polygraphic recording. Cardiorespiratory fitness, plasma adipokines, plasma inflammatory markers, fasting lipoprotein-lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the 1-year lifestyle intervention, the mean oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of the whole sample decreased (-3±13 events/h, p<0.05). Men with sleep apnoea syndrome at baseline (ODI ≥10 events/h, n=28) showed smaller reductions in body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides and smaller increases in HDL cholesterol and adiponectin than men without sleep apnoea (ODI <10 events/h, n=49), despite similar compliance to the programme. The higher the baseline ODI and the time spent under 90% saturation, the lower the reductions in fat mass and visceral adiposity, and the smaller the improvement in glucose/insulin homeostasis indices after 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with sleep apnoea syndrome at baseline had smaller reduction in body weight and less metabolic improvements associated with the lifestyle intervention programme than men without sleep apnoea syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Borel
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alméras
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Series
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014280:Triglycerides; D010100:Oxygen