title: The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Russia: a countrywide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the 1-year prevalences of primary headache disorders and identify their principal risk factors in the general population of Russia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A countrywide population-based random sample of 2725 biologically unrelated adults in 35 cities and nine rural areas were interviewed in a door-to-door survey using a previously validated diagnostic questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2725 eligible adults contacted, 2025 (74.3%) responded (females 52.6%, mean age 39.5 ± 13.4 years). Of these, 1273 (62.9%) reported headache 'not related to flu, hangover, cold, head injury' occurring at least once in the previous year. The gender- and age-standardized 1-year prevalence of migraine was 20.8%. Female gender (odds ratio (OR) = 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8-5.1) and obesity (OR = 1.5; 1.1-2.1) were positively associated with this type of headache. The gender- and age-standardized 1-year prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH) was 30.8%. TTH was more prevalent in urban than in rural areas (OR = 1.6; 1.3-2.0). Headache on ≥15 days/month was reported by 213 (10.5%) respondents (gender- and age-standardized prevalence 10.4%), and associated with low socioeconomic status (OR = 3.4; 2.4-4.9), obesity (OR = 3.0; 2.1-4.3), female gender (OR = 2.9; 2.1-4.1) and age over 40 years (OR = 2.6; 1.9-3.6). The majority of these respondents (68.1%) overused acute headache medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated a high prevalence of migraine and a very high prevalence of headache on  ≥15 days/month, and revealed unmet health-care needs of people with headache in Russia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Bochum, Germany. ilya_ayzenberg@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ayzenberg
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Katsarava
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sborowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chernysh
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Osipova
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tabeeva
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yakhno
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D051270:Headache Disorders, Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult