title: Development and application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of mangiferin content in various cultivars of Mangifera indica leaves using anti-mangiferin polyclonal antibody.
abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for determining mangiferin content in plant samples using a polyclonal antibody (PAb) against mangiferin. The developed ELISA showed a full measurement range from 0.12 to 31.25 μg/mL mangiferin with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 6% for both intra- and interassay precision levels. The accuracy was determined by a percent recovery experiment at three concentration levels and it showed 97.8%-103.7% recovery in Mangifera indica leaf samples. The developed ELISA exhibited a high correlation value (R² = 0.992) with the standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in various mangiferin-containing plant samples. Our results suggest that the validated ELISA methodology using a PAb against mangiferin can be applied to determine mangiferin content with high specificity, rapidity and simplicity in various mangiferin-containing plant samples. The mangiferin content in the mature leaves of fifty M. indica cultivars were determined using the developed ELISA. The mangiferin contents ranged from 1.94 ± 0.13% to 13.79 ± 0.84% dry wt. The Thawai cultivar leaves contained the highest level of mangiferin (13.79 ± 0.84% dry wt), but it is a rare cultivar. The Namdokmai, which is more commonly cultivated in Thailand, contain 12.41 ± 0.60% dry wt mangiferin; therefore, this cultivar leaf was recommended as the source of raw material for the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic product industries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently, natural heath products are accepted worldwide for healthcare. Mangiferin-containing plants and products exhibit health benefits against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dyslipidemia and diabetes. We have developed an ELISA with high specificity, rapidity and simplicity for the quality control of mangiferin-derived product production. Moreover, we found that the Namdokmai leaf, a Thai M. indica cultivar, was recommended as the source of raw material for the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic product industry because of its high mangiferin content and natural prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Gorawit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yusakul
authors.forename: Wongsathorn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kitirattrakarn
authors.forename: Narunat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanwanichkul
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Putalun
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006241:Haptens / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D013785:Thailand; D044004:Xanthones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006241:Haptens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C501277:Mangifera indica extract; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D044004:Xanthones; D000096:Acetone; C013592:mangiferin