title: Modern approach to surgical intervention of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
abstract: Operative intervention on the parathyroid and thyroid glands has become more minimally invasive and selective over the past decade. This requires high-quality preoperative imaging evaluation for better knowledge of the relevant anatomical considerations and potential localization. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has become the operation of choice for most patients presenting with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (when the suspected parathyroid tumor is localized preoperatively). Preoperative imaging helps guide the surgeon as to which patients with thyroid pathology require intervention and the extent of resection. The imaging modalities reviewed include ultrasonography, technetium-99m sestamibi imaging, and four-dimensional computed tomography. Imaging modalities are discussed within the categories of benign and neoplastic parathyroid and thyroid pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Haengrang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Thinh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edeiken
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Grubbs
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Perrier
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*