title: Stabilization of actin filaments prevents germinal vesicle breakdown and affects microtubule organization in Xenopus oocytes.
abstract: In Xenopus oocytes, extremely giant nuclei, termed germinal vesicles, contain a large amount of actin filaments most likely for mechanical integrity. Here, we show that microinjection of phalloidin, an F-actin-stabilizing drug, prevents the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in oocytes treated with progesterone. These nuclei remained for more 12 h after control oocytes underwent GVBD. Immunostaining showed significant elevation of actin in the remaining nuclei and many actin filament bundles in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, microtubules formed unusual structures in both nuclei and cytoplasm of phalloidin-injected oocytes stimulated by progesterone. Cytoplasmic microtubule arrays and intranuclear microtubules initially formed in phalloidin-injected oocytes as control oocytes exhibited white maturation spots; these structures gradually disappeared and finally converged upon intranuclear short bundles when control oocytes completed maturation. In contrast, treatment of oocytes with jasplakinolide, a cell membrane-permeable actin filament-stabilizing drug, did not affect GVBD. This drug preferentially induced accumulation of actin filaments at the cortex without any increase in cytoplasmic actin staining. Based on these results, intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin filament dynamics appear to be required for the completion of GVBD and critically involved in the regulation of microtubule assembly during oocyte maturation in Xenopus laevis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiology, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Iyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008540:Meiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008845:Microinjections; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010590:Phalloidine / Q000633:toxicity; D011042:Poisons / Q000633:toxicity; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047630:Depsipeptides; D011042:Poisons; D011372:Progestins; C057531:jasplakinolide; D010590:Phalloidine; D011374:Progesterone