title: Neonatal hypoxic insult-mediated cholinergic disturbances in the brain stem: effect of glucose, oxygen and epinephrine resuscitation.
abstract: Molecular processes regulating cholinergic functions play an important role in the control of respiration under neonatal hypoxia. The present study evaluates neonatal hypoxic insult-mediated cholinergic alterations and the protective role of glucose, oxygen and epinephrine resuscitation. The changes in total muscarinic, muscarinic M1, M2, M3 receptors and the enzymes involved in acetylcholine metabolism--cholineacetyl transferase and acetylcholine easterase in the brain stem were analyzed. Hypoxic stress decreased total muscarinic receptors along with a reduction in muscarinic M1, M2 and M3 receptor genes in the brain stem. The reduction in acetylcholine metabolism is indicated by the down regulated cholineacetyl transferase and up regulated acetylcholine easterase expression. These cholinergic disturbances in the brain stem were reversed by glucose resuscitation to hypoxic neonates. The adverse effects of immediate oxygenation and epinephrine administration were also reported. This has immense clinical significance in establishing a proper resuscitation for the management of neonatal hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022 Kerala, India.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Anju
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naijil
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shilpa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roshni
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Paulose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004396:Coloring Agents; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D014316:Tritium; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D002802:Cholinesterases; D005978:Glutathione; D004837:Epinephrine