title: Lipid and cholesterol oxidation in chicken meat are inhibited by sage but not by garlic.
abstract: The effects of the addition of sage and garlic in chicken meat on lipid and cholesterol oxidation, having as prooxidant factors the addition of salt, thermal treatment, and frozen storage, were evaluated. The content of unsaturated fatty acids did not change in the presence of sage; on the contrary, with garlic, the content of these fatty acids decreased after cooking and storage. Hexanal and pentanal contents were lower in patties containing sage, and higher in those with garlic. The 7-ketocholesterol was the cholesterol oxide found in higher amount in raw chicken on day 0, while the formation of 7β- and 7α-hydroxycholesterol was verified only from day 30 on. Cooking and storage resulted in increase of total cholesterol oxides and decrease of α- and γ-tocopherol. Sage was effective in controlling lipid and cholesterol oxidation, minimizing the prooxidant effects of salt, cooking, and storage. However, garlic presented no effect as antioxidant and accelerated lipid oxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of sage to chicken meat (0.1 g/100 g) is a good alternative to prevent and delay the formation of compounds derived from lipid oxidation that are responsible for off-flavors and loss of nutritional quality during long-term frozen storage. Care must be taken when using garlic to seasoning chicken meat products, such as hamburgers and meatballs, especially cooked or precooked due to its potential to promote lipid oxidation and consequently raising the risk of having the product rejected by the consumer.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, Univ. of Campinas, UNICAMP13083-862, Campinas, Säo Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian Regina Barros
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mariutti
authors.forename: Gislaine Chrystina
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Neura
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bragagnolo
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002645:Chickens; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D005628:Frozen Foods / Q000032:analysis; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007653:Ketocholesterols / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D017365:Spices / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005520:Food Preservatives; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; D007653:Ketocholesterols; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C010463:n-hexanal; C046012:pentanal; C003001:7-ketocholesterol; D024505:Tocopherols