title: Individual effects of varying stimulation intensity and response criteria on area of activation for different muscles in humans. A study using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When using transcranial magnetic stimulation, a stimulation intensity defined as a certain level above the threshold for activation of a hand muscle is commonly used, disregarding the fact that the areas of activation for different muscles may have varying response characteristics intra- and interindividually.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the response characteristics of different muscles and compare them within and between individuals. Also to investigate the effect of varying stimulation intensity (defined in two different ways) and amplitude criterion for response, on the sizes of the activation areas for different muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A system of transcranial magnetic stimulation with navigation capacity where the stimulation intensity can be defined in terms of the electric field strength in the tissue was used. Four different muscles were investigated in healthy adults. The threshold for activation at rest (RMT) of the different muscles and their respective areas of activation were quantified using three different stimulus intensities (100, 110 and 120% RMT) and two criteria for response amplitude (20 and 50 μV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses could readily be determined using 20 μV as response limit. The RMTs for different muscles varied within and between individuals. The degree to which the area depended on stimulation intensity differed between muscles intra- and interindividually. All results were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or less).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The response characteristics vary between muscles within an individual and between individuals for a certain muscle. Thus, for optimal accuracy when delineating the activation area, the investigation should be adapted to each particular muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. magnus.thordstein@neuro.gu.se
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thordstein
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saar
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pegenius
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*