title: Ophthalmic disorder may affect visuo-attentional performance in childhood.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the visuo-attentional skills of children with an ophthalmic disorder. Twenty-four patients and 60 healthy controls between the ages 4 and 7 years, all right-handed with normal or corrected-to-normal close visual acuity, were divided into four age groups. Patients' diagnoses included refractive disorders (e.g., myopia, hypermetropia), strabismus, amblyopia, cataract, and nystagmus. All participants performed nine paper-and-pencil visuospatial tasks aiming to assess selective attention (cancellation tasks), spatial working memory (symbol orientation task), fine visual analysis (embedded figures test), and simple perceptual analysis (shape-matching task). In healthy children, the results showed that performance on all visuo-attentional tasks improved with age. While perception, orientation of attention, and visual working memory develop by the time children begin school (age 5), more sophisticated abilities such as attention disengagement and motor control continue to develop during late childhood. Moreover, a spatial bias in attention orienting appeared with reading acquisition (6-7 years). In ophthalmic children, at 4 years of age defects were observed in all assessed functions, but at 7 years an attentional deficit was virtually the only one remaining. Overall, the results demonstrate that children with an ophthalmologic disorder may experience difficulties with visuospatial tasks despite corrected-to-normal visual acuity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5105, Université Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavézian
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vilayphonh
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasseur
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laloum
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chokron
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*