title: Inner ear decompression sickness in compressed-air diving.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inner ear decompression sickness (IEDCS) has become more frequently reported in recreational diving.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 34 divers after IEDCS and analyzed their dive profiles, pattern of symptoms, time of symptom onset and the association with a right-to left shunt (r/l shunt).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four divers used mixed gas and were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 30 divers, 25 presented with isolated IEDCS alone, while five divers had additional skin and neurological symptoms. All divers presented with vertigo (100%), and 12 divers reported additional hearing loss (40%). All symptoms occurred within 120 minutes (median 30 minutes) of ascent. Twenty-two of 30 divers (73.3%) showed a r/l shunt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A possible explanation for the frequent association of a r/l shunt and the dominance of vestibular rather than cochlear symptoms could be attributed to the different blood supply of the inner ear structures and the different size of the labyrinthine compartments. The cochlea has a blood supply up to four times higher than the vestibular part of the inner ear, whereas the vestibular fluid space is 30% larger. The higher prevalence of symptoms referrable to the less well-perfused vestibular organ provides further evidence that persistent local inert gas supersaturation may cause growth of incoming arterial bubbles and may therefore be an important pathophysiological factor in IEDCS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany. tauchersprechstunde@gmail.com
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klingmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003051:Cochlea / Q000098:blood supply; D058868:Compressed Air; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000209:etiology*; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000209:etiology; D014717:Vertigo / Q000209:etiology; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000098:blood supply