title: Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidin fractions from defatted grape seed in PC12 cells.
abstract: In this study, a crude polyphenol extract (CPE) from defatted grape seeds was evaluated for antioxidant and cytoprotective effects in PC12 cells. The CPE was then fractionated into a catechin and oligomeric procyanidin fraction (F(cat+olig)) and a polymeric procyanidin fraction (F(pol)), and the bioactivities of the fractions were evaluated individually. F(pol) was the richest in total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and polymeric procyanidin but contained less flavan-3-ol than F(cat+olig). Consistent with these results, F(pol) had the highest 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Both F(cat+olig) and F(pol) had higher 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical scavenging activity than CPE. The resistance of PC12 cells against oxidative stress, after pretreatment with F(pol) (200 μg/mL) for 9 h, was 100.7±2.9% of that in the control. Moreover, pretreating these cells with F(cat+olig) and F(pol) significantly decreased reactive oxygen species generation. These results provide information on a potential new source of antioxidants in the form of a functional food derived from an agricultural by-product.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Younghwa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyeonmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: Heon-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Junsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044946:Biflavonoids; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl