title: Intermolecular hybridization governs molecular electrical doping.
abstract: Current models for molecular electrical doping of organic semiconductors are found to be at odds with other well-established concepts in that field, like polaron formation. Addressing these inconsistencies for prototypical systems, we present experimental and theoretical evidence for intermolecular hybridization of organic semiconductor and dopant frontier molecular orbitals. Common doping-related observations are attributed to this phenomenon, and controlling the degree of hybridization emerges as a strategy for overcoming the present limitations in the yield of doping-induced charge carriers.
authors.affiliation: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. ingo.salzmann@physik.hu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salzmann
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heimel
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duhm
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oehzelt
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pingel
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnegg
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lips
authors.forename: Ralf-Peter
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koch