title: γ-Glutamylamines and neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: Transglutaminases catalyze the formation of γ-glutamylamines utilizing glutamyl residues and amine-bearing compounds such as lysyl residues and polyamines. These γ-glutamylamines can be released from proteins by proteases in an intact form. The free γ-glutamylamines can be catabolized to 5-oxo-L-proline and the free amine by γ-glutamylamine cyclotransferase. Free γ-glutamylamines, however, accumulate in the CSF and affected areas of Huntington Disease brain. This observation suggests transglutaminase-derived γ-glutamylamines may play a more significant role in neurodegeneration than previously thought. The following monograph reviews the metabolism of γ-glutamylamines and examines the possibility that these species contribute to neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, USA. tjeitner@winthrop.org
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jeitner
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Battaile
authors.forename: Arthur J L
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000502:physiology; D005722:gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D004151:Dipeptides; D005973:Glutamine; C001299:epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine; D011503:Transglutaminases; D005722:gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase; D008239:Lysine