title: Evaluation of sulfonated graphene sheets as sorbent for micro-solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: This report describes the use of sulfonated graphene sheets as sorbent in micro-solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE), together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. In this study, for the first time, graphene sheets were used as a sorbent material for this mode of microextraction. The modified graphene sheets were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. μ-SPE parameters such as extraction time, desorption time and desorption solvent were optimized. The method showed good precision, reproducibility and linear response for PAH analysis over a concentration range of 0.05-100 μg/L for naphthalene and 0.01-100 μg/L for the remaining PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) with coefficient of determination (r(2)) of higher than 0.992. Limits of detection of from 0.8 to 3.9 ng/L for 7 PAHs were achieved. The developed method was successfully applied to determine PAHs in river water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Hian Kee
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D013450:Sulfones; D006108:Graphite