title: Integration of an on-axis general sun-tracking formula in the algorithm of an open-loop sun-tracking system.
abstract: A novel on-axis general sun-tracking formula has been integrated in the algorithm of an open-loop sun-tracking system in order to track the sun accurately and cost effectively. Sun-tracking errors due to installation defects of the 25 m(2) prototype solar concentrator have been analyzed from recorded solar images with the use of a CCD camera. With the recorded data, misaligned angles from ideal azimuth-elevation axes have been determined and corrected by a straightforward changing of the parameters' values in the general formula of the tracking algorithm to improve the tracking accuracy to 2.99 mrad, which falls below the encoder resolution limit of 4.13 mrad.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman,Off Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails:  cheewoon_w@hotmail.com  (C.-W.W.);  jessiesiaw@gmail.com  (F.-L.S.);  ytkeat@yahoo.com  (T.-K.Y.);  ngss@utar.edu.my  (S.-S.N.);  liangms@utar.edu.my  (M.-S.L.);  yslim@utar.edu.my  (Y.-S.L.);  lausl@utar.edu.my  (S.-L.L.).
authors.forename: Kok-Keong
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Chee-Woon
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Fei-Lu
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Siaw
authors.forename: Tiong-Keat
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.forename: See-Seng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Meng-Suan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yun-Seng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sing-Liong
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lau