title: Evolution of African cassava mosaic virus by recombination between bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is a major constraint on cassava cultivation in Africa. The disease is endemic and is caused by seven distinct cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs), some of them including several variants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From cassava leaf samples presenting CMD symptoms collected in Burkina Faso, four DNA-A begomovirus components were cloned and sequenced, showing 99.9% nucleotide identity among them. These isolates are most closely related to African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) but share less than 89% nucleotide identity (taxonomic threshold) with any previously described begomovirus. A DNA-B genomic component, sharing 93% nucleotide identity with DNA-B of ACMV, was also characterized. Since all genomic components have a typical genome organization of Old World bipartite begomoviruses, this new species was provisionally named African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV). Recombination analysis of the new virus demonstrated an interspecies recombinant origin, with major parents related to West African isolates of ACMV, and minor parents related to Tomato leaf curl Cameroon virus and Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of an ACMV-like recombinant begomovirus arisen by interspecific recombination between bipartite and monopartite African begomoviruses.
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Fidèle
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tiendrébéogo
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefeuvre
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoareau
authors.forename: Mireille A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Harimalala
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Bruyn
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villemot
authors.forename: Valentin S E
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.forename: Gnissa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Konaté
authors.forename: Alfred S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barro
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reynaud
authors.forename: Oumar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lett
mesh_terms: D053839:Begomovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D023061:Gene Order; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D002365:Manihot; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral