title: [Murdering the sick in the name of progress? The Heidelberg psychiatrist Carl Schneider as a brain researcher and "therapeutic idealist"].
abstract: The biography of the Heidelberg Professor of Psychiatry Carl Schneider (1891-1946) represents a combination of a quest for psychiatric reform, pronounced interest in brain research, and commitment to the first systematic extermination of a minority during the Nazi era, the murder of psychiatric patients. Guided by a biological concept that included the individual and his environment and thus interpreting the interactive and social sphere from a purely biological viewpoint, Schneider considered cure and extermination as two sides of the same coin. Psychiatric patients should receive intensive "biological" therapy, but if they were incurable and could not be integrated into society, they lost their reason for existence also in the biological sense. This can be illustrated by Schneider's research department in Heidelberg (1943/1944) where 52 children and adolescents were subjected to an extensive diagnostic program. Twenty of these children were murdered in the name of research at the Eichberg psychiatric asylum.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 367, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland. maike.rotzoll@histmed.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rotzoll
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hohendorf
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history*; D005053:Eugenics / Q000266:history*; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049673:History, 20th Century; D017767:Holocaust / Q000266:history*; D028683:National Socialism / Q000266:history*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000266:history*; D012586:Science / Q000266:history*