title: Induction of immune tolerance in mice with a novel mucosal nanoemulsion adjuvant and self-antigen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant, a soybean oil emulsion, on autoimmune response. To this end, we used murine thyroglobulin (mTg)-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice as a study model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice received NE or NE + mTg by nasal delivery. At 1 week after the second nasal delivery of NE with or without mTg, all mice were immunized with mTg and lipopolysaccharides to induce experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, mTg-NE-treated mice had much more antigens accumulated in the nasal passage and thymus and developed a milder form of thyroiditis. This was accompanied by an increase in IL-10, IL-17 and reduced IFN-γ. The production of anti-mTg antibodies was significantly decreased in mTg-NE-treated mice. The percentage of Tregs in cervical lymph nodes was higher in mTg-NE-treated mice than NE-treated mice. Furthermore, Foxp3 and TGF-β levels were prominently enhanced in mTg-NE-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that a low dose of mTg in NE can significantly enhance antigen uptake and Tregs, resulting in inhibition of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis development.
authors.affiliation: Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine & Biological Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. shidasui@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Su He
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yongyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Makidon
authors.forename: Zhengyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001323:Autoantibodies; D004655:Emulsions; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D020381:Interleukin-17; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D013024:Soybean Oil; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013954:Thyroglobulin