title: Pedometer-assessed physical activity in children and young adults with CKD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on physical activity are limited in children with CKD. The objectives of this study were to measure the level and correlates of physical activity in children and young adults with CKD and to determine the association of physical activity with physical performance and physical functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical activity was measured for 7 days using pedometers; physical performance was measured by the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and physical functioning with the PedsQL 4.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study participants were 44 patients 7-20 years of age who had CKD stage 1-4 (n=12), had ESRD and were undergoing dialysis (n=7), or had undergone kidney transplantation (n=25). Participants were very sedentary; they walked 6218 (interquartile range, 3637, 9829) steps per day, considerably less than recommended. Physical activity did not differ among participants in the CKD stage 1-4, ESRD, and transplant groups. Females were less active than males (P<0.01), and physical activity was 44% lower among young adults (18-20 years) than younger participants (P<0.05). Physical activity was associated positively with maternal education and hemoglobin concentration and inversely with body mass index. Respective 6MWD in males and females was 2 and approximately 4 SDs below expected. Low levels of physical activity were associated with poor physical performance and physical functioning, after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most participants with CKD, physical activity was considerably below recommended levels. Future studies are needed to determine whether increasing physical activity can improve physical performance and physical functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Aalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akber
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Portale
authors.forename: Kirsten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D057566:Self Report; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins