title: Cryopreservation of human testicular diploid germ cell suspensions.
abstract: For patients with threatened fertility, preservation of it is a major concern. Although promising results have been obtained in animal models using testicular germ cell suspensions, in humans, it is crucial to first develop an efficient method of cryopreservation to be able to apply to transplantation. Thus, four reliable and available cryopreservation techniques in any fertility centre were tested to cryopreserve an enriched fraction of diploid germ cells isolated from human testicular biopsies. The protocols were evaluated based on cell viability, and the results showed significant differences between the four methods. The semen and tissue cryopreservation methods appeared to be inadequate for diploid germ cell suspensions, and programmed slow freezing gave significantly lower results than open pulled straw vitrification; the latter was found to be the protocol that best preserved cell viability. The vitrification of isolated human diploid germ cells is innovative and constitutes valuable information for cryopreservation in cases of transplants or in vitro maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and UMIB, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cremades
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Malheiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001706:Biopsy; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D004171:Diploidy; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology*; D058989:Vitrification