title: Dissociating visual form from lexical frequency using Japanese.
abstract: In Japanese, the same word can be written in either morphographic Kanji or syllabographic Hiragana and this provides a unique opportunity to disentangle a word's lexical frequency from the frequency of its visual form - an important distinction for understanding the neural information processing in regions engaged by reading. Behaviorally, participants responded more quickly to high than low frequency words and to visually familiar relative to less familiar words, independent of script. Critically, the imaging results showed that visual familiarity, as opposed to lexical frequency, had a strong effect on activation in ventral occipito-temporal cortex. Activation here was also greater for Kanji than Hiragana words and this was not due to their inherent differences in visual complexity. These findings can be understood within a predictive coding framework in which vOT receives bottom-up information encoding complex visual forms and top-down predictions from regions encoding non-visual attributes of the stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive, Perceptual and Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK. t.twomey@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Twomey
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kawabata Duncan
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011932:Reading; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D055815:Young Adult