title: Nitric oxide production mediates oligogalacturonide-triggered immunity and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development to environmental adaptation. In this study, we investigated the production and/or function of NO in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf discs and plants elicited by oligogalacturonides (OGs) and challenged with Botrytis cinerea. We provided evidence that OGs triggered a fast and long lasting NO production which was Ca(2+) dependent and involved nitrate reductase (NR). Accordingly, OGs triggered an increase of both NR activity and transcript accumulation. NO production was also sensitive to the mammalian NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Intriguingly, we showed that L-NAME affected NO production by interfering with NR activity, thus questioning the mechanisms of how this compound impairs NO synthesis in plants. We further demonstrated that NO modulates RBOHD-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and participates in the regulation of OG-responsive genes such as anionic peroxidase (PER4) and a β-1,3-glucanase. Mutant plants impaired in PER4 and β-1,3-glucanase, as well as Col-0 plants treated with the NO scavenger cPTIO, were more susceptible to B. cinerea. Taken together, our investigation deciphers part of the mechanisms linking NO production, NO-induced effects and basal resistance to B. cinerea.
authors.affiliation: AgroSup, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasul
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubreuil-Maurizi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lamotte
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poinssot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wendehenne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeandroz
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D017136:Ion Transport; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C007819:galacturonic acid; D002118:Calcium