title: Of mugs, meals and more: the intricate relations between physicians and the medical industry.
abstract: Empirical research has proven the influence exerted by the medical industry on physicians' decision-making. Physicians are the gatekeepers who determine how money is spent within the healthcare system. Hence, they are the target group of powerful lobbies in the field, i.e. the manufacturers of medical devices and the pharmaceutical industry. As clinical research lies in the hands of physicians, they play an exclusive and central role in launching new medical products. There are many ethical problems involved here: physicians may develop a mindset of entitlement; biased decisions may put patients at risk; academic interests and research activities will no longer be free if they are influenced considerably by financial incentives; fair resource allocation may be restricted. An aspect that has been neglected so far is the administrators' involvement as they not rarely expect physicians to acquire external financial resources from industry as benefits often lie with the institutions. To "protect" physicians from undue sway may be in the best interest of patients in order to guarantee a fair allocation of resources and to prevent the application of technologies (and medications) that would not have been used according to current standards of care. The latter may and obviously does put patients at risk. On the other hand, medico-industrial relations are of great importance. A considerable part of medical progress is driven by private industry. Yet, any co-operation between those who care for patients and industry ultimately has to serve the patient. Hence, strong policies to guide conduct are sorely needed. The following points are held to be pivotal in order to secure ethical conduct: (1) professional codes of ethics; (2) a stronger academic attitude amongst medical staff, (3) rules of transparency for medico-industrial relations including online disclosure and limiting scale of payments, (4) establishing rules (and laws) that ban unethical conduct and mandate vigorous surveillance of adherence to guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic I, Ketteler Hospital, Lichtenplattenweg 85, 63071, Offenbach, Germany. stephan.sahm@t-online.de
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahm
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D010820:Physicians; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic