title: Mice treated with a nontoxic dose of chlorpyrifos oxon have diethoxyphosphotyrosine labeled proteins in blood up to 4 days post exposure, detected by mass spectrometry.
abstract: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity is an established biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus poisons (OP). Inhibition of activity is due to covalent binding of the OP to the active site serine. Mass spectrometry has made it possible to monitor OP exposure by analyzing OP adducts on tyrosine in proteins that have no active site serine. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that OP-tyrosine may serve as a biomarker of OP exposure in mice. A MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry strategy to analyze diethoxyphosphate-tyrosine of m/z 318 was developed. The adduct was synthesized by incubating l-tyrosine with chlorpyrifos oxon at pH 8.1. The adduct eluted from a reverse phase HPLC column with 22-23% acetonitrile. The fragmentation spectrum of the m/z 318 precursor ion confirmed its identity as diethoxyphosphate-tyrosine. Diethoxyphosphate-tyrosine was isolated from chlorpyrifos oxon treated mouse albumin after digesting the protein with pronase. Mice (n=3 per group) were treated with a nontoxic dose of chlorpyrifos oxon (3 mg/kg) and a toxic dose (10 mg/kg transdermally). The pronase digested plasma yielded diethoxyphosphate-tyrosine up to 120 h after treatment with 3 mg/kg chlorpyrifos oxon and up to 144 h after 10 mg/kg. In contrast plasma AChE activity returned to normal after 24-72 h. In conclusion MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can be used to diagnose exposure to chlorpyrifos oxon days after AChE inhibition assays are uninformative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, United States. wjiang@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ellen G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Duysen
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lockridge
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C009618:O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate; D004390:Chlorpyrifos