title: Work safety climate, musculoskeletal discomfort, working while injured, and depression among migrant farmworkers in North Carolina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This analysis described Latino migrant farmworkers' work safety climate and its association with musculoskeletal discomfort, working while injured or ill, and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from a cross-sectional survey of 300 farmworkers conducted in North Carolina in 2009. Generalized estimating equations models were used to investigate the association of work safety climate with health and safety outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Farmworkers perceived their work safety climate to be poor. About 40% had elevated musculoskeletal discomfort, 5.0% had worked at least 1 day while injured or ill, and 27.9% had elevated depressive symptoms. The odds of elevated musculoskeletal discomfort were 12% lower and the odds of working while injured or ill were 15% lower with each 1-unit increase in the work safety climate. Work safety climate was not associated with depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Work safety climate was important for agricultural workers. Poor work safety climate was associated with health outcomes (musculoskeletal discomfort) and safety (working while injured or ill). Interventions to improve work safety climate in agriculture are needed, with these interventions being directed to employers and workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. tarcury@wakehealth.edu
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Arcury
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grzywacz
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isom
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Quandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012621:Seasons; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult