title: Development and initial validation of a disease specific quality of life survey for children with vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vesicoureteral reflux is believed to be a largely asymptomatic condition. However, previous studies have failed to assess the precise impact of vesicoureteral reflux on quality of life. We created and validated a survey for assessment of quality of life in children with vesicoureteral reflux.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two surveys were created by a team of pediatric urologists and survey design specialists, 1 for general assessment and 1 for postoperative assessment in patients undergoing surgical treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. Cronbach alpha test was used to assess internal consistency reliability and the correlation coefficient for test-retest analysis. Surveys were distributed from November 2008 to January 2010 during routine office visits for vesicoureteral reflux. The postoperative survey was distributed 8 to 20 weeks following surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The general survey yielded a Cronbach alpha of 0.64 and a correlation coefficient of 0.78, while the postoperative survey results were 0.58 and 0.84, respectively, for the same parameters. Complete general surveys were obtained from 216 patients. All but 4 categories, related to repeat testing, office visits and medicine intake, reached greater than 80% positive quality of life responses. The postoperative survey was completed by 104 patients. Bladder spasm was the only category with less than 86% rate of positive quality of life response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vesicoureteral reflux is shown to have little effect on quality of life in pediatric patients. These validated surveys should be applied to compare the effect of different management options on quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Minnillo
authors.forename: Joao A B A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Carvas
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ziniel
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Retik
authors.forename: Hiep T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*