title: Identifying individual, cultural and asthma-related risk and protective factors associated with resilient asthma outcomes in urban children and families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study is to identify individual, family/cultural, and illness-related protective factors that may minimize asthma morbidity in the context of multiple urban risks in a sample of inner-city children and families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participating families are from African-American (33), Latino (51) and non-Latino white (47) backgrounds. A total of 131 children with asthma (56% male), ages 6-13 years and their primary caregivers were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses supported the relationship between cumulative risks and asthma morbidity across children of the sample. Protective processes functioned differently by ethnic group. For example, Latino families exhibited higher levels of family connectedness, and this was associated with lower levels of functional limitation due to asthma, in the context of risks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the utility of examining multilevel protective processes that may guard against urban risks factors to decrease morbidity. Intervention programs for families from specific ethnic groups can be tailored to consider individual, family-based/cultural and illness-related supports that decrease stress and enhance aspects of asthma treatment.
authors.affiliation: Child and Family Psychiatry, Bradley/Hasbro Research Center, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Daphne_Koinis-Mitchell@Brown.edu
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koinis-Mitchell
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McQuaid
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jandasek
authors.forename: Sheryl J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kopel
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifer
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Fritz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D001249:Asthma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003469:Culture; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People