title: Efficacy of an alcohol-free CPC-containing mouthwash against oral multispecies biofilms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to develop two static-model multispecies oral biofilm systems to compare the efficacy of a placebo mouthwash to an alcohol-free mouthwash containing 0.075% CPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two model biofilm systems were used: a 24-well glass-bottom microplate (GM) system and a chamber slide (CS) system. These were inoculated with Schaedler media containing pooled, unfiltered saliva. During incubation at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2, Schaedler media was replaced every 24 hours. Five-day and 10-day multispecies biofilms in the GM and CS systems were then exposed to phosphate buffered saline, the placebo mouthwash, or the alcohol-free 0.075% CPC-containing mouthwash. Biofilms were visualized in three-dimensions by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), and fluorometric analyses were performed on biofilms in the GM system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CLSM demonstrated that regardless of the model system used, the alcohol-free 0.075% CPC-containing mouthwash solution increased the number of damaged biofilm cells. The efficacy of CPC was inversely related to the age of the biofilm. A contrariety between the two biofilm systems was that the CS system indicated that alcohol-free 0.075% CPC-containing mouthwash partially disrupted biofilms. Fluorometric analysis ofGM biofilms also demonstrated that the alcohol-free 0.075% CPC-containing mouthwash damaged biofilm cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two static oral multispecies model biofilms systems demonstrated that an alcohol-free 0.075% CPC-containing mouthwash had greater antimicrobial efficacy than a placebo mouthwash. The alcohol-free 0.075% CPC-containing formulation is effective against multispecies oral biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA. alexhr@umich.edu
authors.forename: Dhana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arvanitidou
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du-Thumm
authors.forename: Alexander H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rickard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005470:Fluorometry; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010919:Placebos; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D002594:Cetylpyridinium