title: Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and subclinic atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The most important cause of morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism is accused of being the genetic risk factor for atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to determine which Apo E polymorphism was related to atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four patients with type 1 DM were enrolled in the study. Age, diabetes duration, daily insulin dose, microalbuminuria, and major cardiovascular risk factors including anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed in each patient. Non-invasive ultrasonographic measurements were also performed. For determination of Apo E genotype, DNA was extracted from venous blood from all subjects using standard methods. Apo E genotyping was performed using a PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) were increased in subjects with E4/E4 polymorphism. According to univariate analysis, when adjusted for all risk factors, genotypes did not differ for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (p>0.05). However, E3/E3, E3/E4 and E4/E4 genotypes were found to be associated with an increase in CA-IMT (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the polymorphism associated with atherosclerosis in type1 DM is Apo E4/E4.
authors.affiliation: Selçuk University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Emre
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Atabek
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Özkul
authors.forename: Beray Selver
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Eklioğlu
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurtoğlu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baykara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol