title: High-risk human papillomavirus-induced expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human uterine cervix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Levels of nitric oxide metabolites are elevated in the cervical fluid of women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). To elucidate the origin of this elevation we studied the cervical expression and localization of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS, iNOS) in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of eNOS and iNOS was studied by Western blotting in the uterine cervixes of 86 women with (n = 41) and without (n = 45) hrHPV infection. The localization of eNOS and iNOS in cervical cells was studied by immunohistochemistry in 32 randomly selected women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of eNOS and iNOS (in mean [95% CI] density units relative to actin) was higher in women with hrHPV versus those without (eNOS: 33.8 [22.5-45.1] versus 20.2 [6.1-34.3], P = 0.007; iNOS: 12.0 [7.1-16.9]) versus 5.6 [2.0-9.2], P = 0.003). Smoking reduced 64% eNOS (P = 0.001) and 68% iNOS (P = 0.008) in women with hrHPV. Endothelial NOS was localized in the vascular endothelium, while iNOS was present in basal squamous epithelial cells. Low-grade histological lesions were accompanied by elevated expression of both eNOS and iNOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-risk HPV-associated elevation in cervical fluid nitric oxide metabolites results from both eNOS and iNOS stimulation. However, smoking seems to suppress this stimulation in hrHPV-infected women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rahkola-Soisalo
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savolainen-Peltonen
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Väisänen-Tommiska
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Butzow
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ylikorkala
authors.forename: Tomi S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mikkola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III