title: Free radical scavenging, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities of an active antioxidant compound ethyl gallate from leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan.
abstract: In the present study, free radical scavenging, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities of the polyphenolic compound ethyl gallate isolated from ethanol extract of Acacia nilotica Wild. Ex. Del. leaves were determined. The free radical-scavenging activities of the ethyl gallate were demonstrated in several in vitro assays in order to evaluate the possible antioxidant mechanism. The results revealed ethyl gallate as hydrogen donor, metal chelator, and free radical scavenger. Ethyl gallate was effective in scavenging 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and the IC₅₀ value was lower than all the positive controls used in this study. Deoxyribose degradation assay revealed that ethyl gallate had more iron-chelating ability than the direct hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability. The results of the cytotoxic study revealed that the compound was moderately active and IC₅₀ value was found to be >100 μg/mL for Vero cell lines and 72 μg/mL for Hela cell lines. The compound possessed no hemolytic activity against rat and human erythrocytes revealing its cytotoxic mechanism and nontoxicity. The results from this work will provide an important information for the food and pharmacological industries with respect to the use of the compound as an antioxidant and a health-related drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antioxidant from plant sources is safe to use, as compared to synthetic products. It also can be used as a supplement to alleviate most of the diseases because of its free radical-scavenging activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology,VIT Univ., Vellore- 632 014, Tamilnadu, India. tkvani72@gmail.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalaivani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rajasekaran
authors.forename: Lazar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mathew
mesh_terms: D000045:Acacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005503:Food Additives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D053878:Hemolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D005503:Food Additives; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D053878:Hemolytic Agents; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; C048734:ethyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid