title: The contribution of children's temperamental fear and effortful control to restraint and seclusion during inpatient treatment in a psychiatric hospital.
abstract: The current study examined temperament characteristics as risk factors for restraint and seclusion (R/S) events in psychiatrically hospitalized youth, extending work that has sought to identify R/S risk factors and research examining temperament-behavior problem associations that has largely relied upon community samples. It was anticipated that children with poor effortful control (EC) and greater frustration would have more instances of R/S during psychiatric hospitalization. The contribution of children's fearfulness to R/S was also examined. A measure of temperament was completed by youths' clinicians and youths (n = 52) completed objective measures of EC. The frequency of R/S events for each participant was obtained from hospital records. After controlling for R/S risk factors, lower EC and higher fearfulness predicted increased R/S occurrences during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization and over the course of children's entire hospitalization. These findings indicate that temperament should potentially be considered in individualized treatment plans targeting the prevention and/or reduction of R/S. Additional implications of the findings are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Emotion Regulation and Temperament Laboratory, Northern Illinois University, Psychology-Computer Science Building Rm. 400, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA. dbridgett1@niu.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bridgett
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valentino
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hayden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000298:Adolescent, Hospitalized / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*