title: Calcium alginate nanoparticles synthesized through a novel interfacial cross-linking method as a potential protein drug delivery system.
abstract: The goal of this research work was to develop a novel technique to synthesize calcium alginate nanoparticles using pharmaceutically relevant microemulsions. Stable microemulsion-based reactors were prepared using aqueous sodium alginate, aqueous calcium chloride, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), and isopropyl myristate. The reactor microemulsions were characterized via conductivity and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. The conductivity data indicated composition- and reagent-dependent variations in electrical conductivity when the aqueous phase containing reagents were present at or above a Wo (Wo = [DOSS]/[water]) value of 14. The reactor microemulsions were of approximately 6 nm sized droplets. When the reactor microemulsions were mixed and sonicated for 1 h approximately, 350-nm-sized calcium alginate nanoparticles were produced, as indicated by DLS measurements. The particles were isolated and characterized via low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. The electron micrographs corroborate the DLS results. The nanoparticles were evaluated as a drug delivery system by incorporating bovine serum albumin (BSA) and performing in vitro release and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) studies. The BSA release profile was characterized by an initial burst release followed by a sustained-release phase. SDS-PAGE studies indicated that the incorporated protein did not suffer covalent aggregation or degradation via fragmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA. jerry.nesamony@utoledo.edu
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nesamony
authors.forename: Priti R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shadia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nada
authors.forename: Zahoor A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kolling
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004655:Emulsions; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004655:Emulsions; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D020723:Glucuronic Acid