title: Measurement of a pauli and orbital paramagnetic state in bulk gold using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy.
abstract: We show that bulk gold (Au) exhibits temperature-independent paramagnetism in an external magnetic field by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy at the Au L(2) and L(3) edges. Using the sum-rule analysis, we obtained a magnetic moment of 1.3 × 10(-4) μB/atom in an external magnetic field of 10 T and a paramagnetic susceptibility of 8.9 × 10(-6) for the 5d orbit. The induced paramagnetism in bulk Au is characterized by a large (≈ 30%) orbital contribution. This orbital component was retained even when Au atoms formed nanoparticles, playing an important role in stabilizing the spontaneous spin polarization in the Au nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan. m-suzuki@spring8.or.jp
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Jose S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Garitaonandia
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori