title: The ageing cortical synapse: hallmarks and implications for cognitive decline.
abstract: Normal ageing is associated with impairments in cognitive function, including memory. These impairments are linked, not to a loss of neurons in the forebrain, but to specific and relatively subtle synaptic alterations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Here, we review studies that have shed light on the cellular and synaptic changes observed in these brain structures during ageing that can be directly related to cognitive decline in young and aged animals. We also discuss the influence of the hormonal status on these age-related alterations and recent progress in the development of therapeutic strategies to limit the impact of ageing on memory and cognition in humans.
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. john.morrison@mssm.edu
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Baxter
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*