title: Case-study magnetic resonance imaging and acoustic investigation of the effects of vocal warm-up on two voice professionals.
abstract: Vocal warm-up (WU)-related changes were studied in one male musical singer and one female speech trainer. They sustained vowels before and after WU in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device. Acoustic recordings were made in a studio. The vocal tract area increased after WU, a formant cluster appeared between 2 and 4.5 kHz, and SPL increased. Evidence of larynx lowering was only found for the male. The pharyngeal inlet over the epilaryngeal outlet ratio (A(ph)/A(e)) increased by 10%-28%, being 3-4 for the male and 5-7 for the female. The results seem to represent different voice training traditions. A singer's formant cluster may be achievable without a high A(ph)/A(e) (≥ 6), but limitations of the 2D method should be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: University of Tampere, Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, School of Education, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, 33014 Finland. Anne-Maria.Laukkanen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Anne-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horáček
authors.forename: Radan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havlík
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D010699:Phonation; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014833:Voice Quality; D014834:Voice Training