title: Effect of defatted methanolic extract of Holarrhena floribunda leaves in sodium arsenite-induced clastogenecity in Wistar albino rats.
abstract: This study examined the effect of defatted methanolic extract of Holarrhena floribunda leaves on sodium arsenite-induced clastogenecity and toxicity in male wistar rats. Animals were randomly allotted into six groups of five rats each and treated as follows; Group A (sodium arsenite (NaAsO3)), Group B (100 mg/kg extract), Group C (100 mg/kg extract plus NaAsO3), Group D (200 mg/kg extract), Group E (200 mg/kg extract plus NaAsO3) and Group F had distilled water. Sodium arsenite (2.5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally once per week. The extract was administered through oral gavage for 28 consecutive days. Clastogenecity was evaluated by studying micronuclei formation in polychromatic erythrocytes cells (PCEs) in the bone marrow. Plasma levels of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (ãGT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) were determined. Hepatic Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), protein and lipid peroxidation were determined. Liver histopathological evaluation was also carried out.The results obtained show that NaAsO3-induced micronuclei formation in PCEs was reduced at 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract by 7.7% and 38.5% respectively while elevated plasma ãGT and ALT levels were significantly ameliorated (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in plasma AST levels and hepatic SOD activities in all the treated groups as compared with the control. Sodium arsenite-induced reduction of GSH concentration was elevated by the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg by 18.5% and 11.9% respectively. The reduction of CAT activity by NaAsO3 was also ameliorated at 200 mg/kg extract by 23.3%. The extract at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced NaAsO3-induced lipid peroxidation by 16.4% (P < 0.05). Histological examinations showed that the extract at 100 mg/kg protected NaAsO3-induced liver damage. This study revealed that the leaf extract has potential to ameliorate clastogenecity and toxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Badmus
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Odunola
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bakare
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018053:Arsenites / Q000633:toxicity*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D035462:Holarrhena / Q000737:chemistry*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018053:Arsenites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C017947:sodium arsenite; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione; D000432:Methanol