title: Comparison of bactericidal properties of alcohol-based chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine prior to amniocentesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the bactericidal properties of povidone-iodine versus alcohol-based chlorhexidine solution for cleansing the gravid abdomen prior to amniocentesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty study participants were recruited from the University of Texas Women's Clinic in Houston, Texas. Two baseline swabs of the patients' abdomens were obtained to assess bacterial flora prior to treatment. A 10% povidone-iodine solution and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate with 70% isopropyl alcohol solution in a 3-mL prefilled applicator (Chloraprep, Cardinal Health, Inc., Leawood, KS) were then applied on different sides of the abdomen. After 30 seconds, cultures were obtained and plated on Trypticase Soy (PML Microbiologicals, Durham, NC) with sheep's blood agar for aerobic flora. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours for aerobic flora. Colony-forming units were counted and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was detected between baseline colony counts between the left and right side of each patient's abdomen (p = 0.33) prior to cleansing. Postcleansing colony counts were evaluated, and a statistically significant difference was identified, favoring chlorhexidine as a more efficacious abdominal cleanser (p <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that 2% chlorhexidine with 70% isopropyl alcohol had excellent bactericidal efficacy and was superior to povidone-iodine for cleansing the maternal abdomen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Medical School Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Michael.t.adler@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Kristin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Brigger
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mastrobattista
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000379:methods*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D002710:Chlorhexidine