title: Analysis of transmitted resistance to raltegravir and selective pressure among HIV-1-infected patients on a failing HAART in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: We studied the presence of primary resistance to raltegravir (RAL), natural polymorphisms, and selection pressure on HIV-1 integrase. We found a high frequency of integrase polymorphisms related to the resistance to RAL and sequence stability. Further studies are needed to determine the importance of these polymorphisms to RAL resistance.
authors.affiliation: Retrovirology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rabelato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanabani
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Komninakis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D019427:HIV Integrase