title: How reliable is 12-core prostate biopsy procedure in the detection of prostate cancer?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate biopsies incur the risk of being false-negative and this risk has not yet been evaluated for 12-core prostate biopsy. We calculated the false-negative rate of 12-core prostate biopsy and determined the patient characteristics which might affect detection rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 90 prostate cancer patients (mean age of 64, range: 49-77) diagnosed with transrectal ultrasound guided 12-core prostate biopsy between December 2005 and April 2008. All patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and the 12-core prostate biopsy procedure was repeated on surgical specimen ex-vivo. Results of preoperative and postoperative prostate biopsies were compared. We analyzed the influence of patient age, prostate weight, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, free/total PSA ratio, PSA density and Gleason score on detection rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 67.8% of patients, prostate cancer was detected with repeated ex-vivo biopsies using the same mapping postoperatively. We found an increase in PSA level, PSA density and biopsy Gleason score; patient age, decreases in prostate weight and free/total PSA ratio yielded higher detection rates. All cores, except the left-lateral cores, showed mild-moderate or moderate internal consistency. Preoperative in-vivo biopsy Gleason scores remained the same, decreased and increased in 43.3%, 8.9% and 47.8% of patients, respectively, on final specimen pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection rate of prostate cancer with 12-core biopsy in patients (all of whom had prostate cancer) was considerably low. Effectively, repeat biopsies can still be negative despite the patient's reality of having prostate cancer. The detection rate is higher if 12-core biopsies are repeated in younger patients, patients with high PSA levels, PSA density and Gleason scores, in addition in patients with smaller prostates, lower free/total PSA ratios.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara;
authors.forename: Ege Can
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Serefoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara;
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altinova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara.
authors.forename: Nevzat Serdar
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ugras
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara.
authors.forename: Egemen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akincioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara;
authors.forename: Erem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asil
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara;
authors.forename: M Derya
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Balbay