title: Depression, anxiety, and risk factor control in patients after hospitalization for coronary heart disease: the EUROASPIRE III Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients: (1) differences in the prevalence of depression and anxiety between samples selected from 22 countries; (2) the association of depression and anxiety with age, education, diagnostic category, favourable behaviours, use of cardioprotective drugs, and reaching the secondary prevention treatment targets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 8580 patients from 22 European countries examined at least 6 months after hospitalization due to CHD. Depression and anxiety were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of depression (HADS depression score ≥ 8) varied from 8.2% to 35.7% in men and from 10.3% to 62.5% in women. Prevalence of anxiety (HADS anxiety score ≥ 8) varied from 12.0% to 41.8% in men and from 21.5% to 63.7% in women. Older age, female sex, low education, and no history of invasive treatment were associated with more frequent depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety were associated with less frequent modification of lifestyle. Depression was related with body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and more frequent self-reported diabetes but not with reaching the treatment targets for blood pressure and lipids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High prevalence of depression and anxiety in CHD patients, and relation with less frequent lifestyle modification, call to integrate methods of identification and minimizing unfavourable effects of depression and anxiety into the cardiac rehabilitation and prevention programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. mmpajak@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pająk
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotseva
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heidrich
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Smedt
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Bacquer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents