title: Mirror, mirror on the wall…: self-perception of facial beauty versus judgement by others.
abstract: In 1878, Margaret Wolfe Hungerford published a simple but insightful phrase in her novel 'Molly Bawn' that was to be quoted so often it has almost become cliché: "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder". While many questions regarding the perception and neural processing of facial attractiveness have been resolved, it became obvious to us that study designs have been principally based on either facial self-perception or perception by others. The relationship between these however, remains both crucial and unknown. Standardized images were taken of 141 subjects. These 141 subjects were asked to complete the adjective mood scale (AMS) and to rank specific issues related to their looks on a visual analogue scale. The images were then shown to independent judges to rank specific issues related to their looks on a visual analogue scale. Our results show proof for a strikingly simple observation: that individuals perceive their own beauty to be greater than that expressed in the opinions of others (p < 0.001). This observation provides insight into our basic behavioural patterns and suggests that there are strong psychological mechanisms in humans supporting self-identification and thereby encouraging the self-confidence and resilience necessary to maintain one's social standing. While the psychological basis of self-confidence is multifactorial, our finding provides critical objective insight. We prove here for the first time that nothing more than the beauty of the beholder is in the eyes of the latter.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Wall 55, 24103 Kiel, Germany. springer@iAesthetic.eu
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: P A J
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolfart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D001504:Beauty; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult