title: Therapeutic potential of SOX2 inhibition for embryonal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are resistant to any type of chemotherapy. Control of embryonal carcinoma cells is crucial to manage nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. We established SOX2 targeting therapy in an embryonal carcinoma model.
  
  
  METHODS
  SOX2 expression was evaluated in a series of testicular germ cell tumor tissue samples. The antitumor effect of SOX2 knockdown was analyzed in vitro and in vivo using an embryonal carcinoma model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In testicular germ cell tumor tissue SOX2 was expressed in the foci of embryonal carcinoma but negative in seminoma and yolk sac tumors. In an embryonal carcinoma model SOX2-siRNA induced apoptotic cell death in vitro and significant growth suppression in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the therapeutic potential of SOX2 silencing for embryonal carcinoma. However, further improvements are needed in SOX2-siRNA delivery to the tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushida
authors.forename: Tokuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chano
authors.forename: Kahori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Keisei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020868:Gene Silencing; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018239:Seminoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors