title: The Strain Index (SI) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for Hand Activity Level (HAL): risk of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in a prospective cohort.
abstract: A cohort of 536 workers was enrolled from 10 diverse manufacturing facilities and was followed monthly for six years. Job physical exposures were individually measured. Worker demographics, medical history, psychosocial factors, current musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were obtained. Point and lifetime prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) at baseline (symptoms + abnormal NCS) were 10.3% and 19.8%. During follow-up, there were 35 new CTS cases (left, right or both hands). Factors predicting development of CTS included: job physical exposure (American conference of governmental industrial hygienists Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH TLV) for Hand Activity Level (HAL) and the Strain Index (SI)), age, BMI, other MSDs, inflammatory arthritis, gardening outside of work and feelings of depression. In the adjusted models, the TLV for HAL and the SI were both significant per unit increase in exposure with hazard ratios (HR) increasing up to a maximum of 5.4 (p = 0.05) and 5.3 (p = 0.03), respectively; however, similar to other reports, both suggested lower risk at higher exposures. Data suggest that the TLV for HAL and the SI are useful metrics for estimating exposure to biomechanical stressors.
  This study was conducted to determine how well the TLV for HAL and the SI predict risk of CTS using a prospective cohort design with survival analysis. Both the TLV for HAL and the SI were found to predict risk of CTS when adjusted for relevant covariates.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ergonomics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA. arun@uwm.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kapellusch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hegmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wertsch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merryweather
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deckow-Schaefer
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Malloy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D015987:Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009431:Neural Conduction; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020711:Threshold Limit Values