title: Discrimination between immature and mature green coffees by attenuated total reflectance and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the characterization and discrimination between immature and mature or ripe coffee beans. Arabica coffee beans were submitted to FTIR analysis by reflectance readings employing attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and diffuse reflectance (DR) accessories. The obtained spectra were similar, but in general higher absorbance values were observed for nondefective beans in comparison to immature ones. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis, PCA, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering, AHC) was performed in order to verify the possibility of discrimination between immature and mature coffee samples. A clear separation between immature and mature coffees was observed based on AHC and PCA analyses of the normalized spectra obtained by employing both ATR and DR accessories. Linear discriminant analysis was employed for developing classification models, with recognition and prediction abilities of 100%. Such results showed that FTIR analysis presents potential for the development of a simple routine methodology for separation of immature and mature coffee beans. Practical Application: The ultimate goal of this research is to be able to propose improvements in the way immature coffee beans are separated from graded mature beans in coffee facilities (cooperatives and other coffee producer's associations). The results obtained herein point toward FTIR as a potential tool for the aimed improvements.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos/UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Franca
authors.forename: Leandro S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis / Q000379:methods; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee