title: Triatomine infestation in Guatemala: spatial assessment after two rounds of vector control.
abstract: In 2000, the Guatemalan Ministry of Health initiated a Chagas disease program to control Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata by periodic house spraying with pyrethroid insecticides to characterize infestation patterns and analyze the contribution of programmatic practices to these patterns. Spatial infestation patterns at three time points were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi*(d) test. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of reinfestation after pyrethroid insecticide administration. Spatial analysis showed high and low clusters of infestation at three time points. After two rounds of spray, 178 communities persistently fell in high infestation clusters. A time lapse between rounds of vector control greater than 6 months was associated with 1.54 (95% confidence interval = 1.07-2.23) times increased odds of reinfestation after first spray, whereas a time lapse of greater than 1 year was associated with 2.66 (95% confidence interval = 1.85-3.83) times increased odds of reinfestation after first spray compared with localities where the time lapse was less than 180 days. The time lapse between rounds of vector control should remain under 1 year. Spatial analysis can guide targeted vector control efforts by enabling tracking of reinfestation hotspots and improved targeting of resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jmanne@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goehler
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brownstein
authors.forename: Marcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006166:Guatemala / Q000453:epidemiology; D006798:Housing; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016015:Logistic Models; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000635:transmission; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012239:Rhodnius / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014224:Triatoma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins