title: Chronic postthoracotomy pain and health-related quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain after thoracotomy is common. The objective of this study was to assess whether pain 3 months postthoracotomy negatively impacts quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ten patients were prospectively assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey before and 3 months after elective thoracotomy. Pain and medication use were evaluated by questionnaire. Patients experiencing pain at 3 months were compared with patients who did not have postthoracotomy pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five patients (68%) had pain 3 months postthoracotomy; 12 patients (11%) rated their average pain greater than 3 (out of 10). Eighteen (16%) patients required opioid analgesics. The pain group reported lower SF-36 scores in physical functioning (p = 0.049), bodily pain (p = 0.0002), and vitality (p = 0.044). There were no other significant differences in any SF-36 scale between the pain and non-pain groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain is commonly reported at 3 months after elective thoracotomy but is generally mild, shows improvement with time, and does not usually require opioid analgesics. Patients who experience postthoracotomy pain at 3 months are at risk for significantly decreased physical functioning and vitality, but are not at risk for significantly decreased social, emotional, or mental health functioning compared with patients who do not experience postthoracotomy pain at 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. kinney.michelle@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Michelle A O
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: W Michael
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hooten
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cassivi
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Passe
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Carlos B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Mantilla
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000700:Analgesics; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin