title: Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the triglyceride-lowering component and in vivo and in vitro evaluation of hypolipidemic effects of Calyx seu Fructus Physalis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In folklore, some people take the decoction of Calyx seu Fructus Physalis (CSFP) for lowering blood lipids. The present study is designed to evaluate the lipid-lowering activities of CSFP, and search for its pharmacodynamical material.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSFP was extracted by water and 75% ethanol, respectively. The extracts of CSFP for reducing serum lipid levels were evaluated on mouse model of hyperlipidemia. The optimized extract was subjected to the bioactivity-guided fractionation in which the liquid-liquid extraction, collumn chromatography, the in vivo and in vitro models of hyperlipidemia were utilized. The structure of active component was determined by ¹³C-NMR and ¹H-NMR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 75% ethanol extract of CSFP decreased the serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in mouse model of hyperlipidemia. Followed a separation process for the 75% ethanol extract of CSFP, the fraction B was proved to be an active fraction for lowering lipid in vivo and in vitro experiments, which could significantly decrease the serum TC and TG levels in mouse model of hyperlipidemia, and remarkably decrease the increase of TG in primary mouse hepatocytes induced by high glucose and the increase of TG in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid. The fraction B2, isolated from B on bioactivity-guided fractionation, could significantly decrease TG level in HepG2 cells. One compound with the highest content in B2 was isolated and determined as luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside by NMR spectra. It could significantly reduce the TG level in HepG2 cells, and inhibited the accumulation of lipids by oil red O stain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that the 75% ethanol extract of CSFP could improve in vitro and in vivo lipid accumulation. Luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside might be a leading pharmacodynamical material of CSFP for lowering lipids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology-the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xianmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jiuxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Baofeng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047311:Luteolin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D032321:Physalis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; C066408:luteolin-7-glucoside; D047311:Luteolin