title: Clinical and microbiological effects of ozone nano-bubble water irrigation as an adjunct to mechanical subgingival debridement in periodontitis patients in a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ozone nano-bubble water (NBW3) seems to be suitable as an adjunct to periodontal treatment owing to its potent antimicrobial effects, high level of safety, and long storage stability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of NBW3 irrigation as an adjunct to subgingival debridement for periodontal treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: full-mouth mechanical debridement with tap water (WATER) or full-mouth mechanical debridement with NBW3 (NBW3). Clinical examination was performed at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Microbiological examination was carried out just before and after treatment and at 1 and 8 weeks posttreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant improvements in all clinical parameters after 4 weeks in both groups. The reduction in the probing pocket depth and the clinical attachment gain after 4 and 8 weeks in the NBW3 group were significantly greater than those in the WATER group. Moreover, only the NBW3 group showed statistically significant reductions in the mean total number of bacteria in subgingival plaque over the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that subgingival irrigation with NBW3 may be a valuable adjunct to periodontal treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study verified the potential of new antimicrobial agent, MNW3, as an adjunct to periodontal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors.forename: Sae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayakumo
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles; D008875:Middle Aged; D054118:Nanospheres; D010126:Ozone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D057747:Periodontal Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010919:Placebos; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013357:Subgingival Curettage / Q000379:methods; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D010919:Placebos; D010126:Ozone