title: Clinical significance of inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines in diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of inflammatory chemokine; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and fibrogenic markers [transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β(1)), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibronectin (FN)] in diabetic nephropathy (DN).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 17 control and 65 type 2 diabetic subjects (18 normoalbuminuric, 22 microalbuminuric and 25 macroalbuminuric). Demographic characteristics, diabetic index and kidney function tests were monitored. Serum TGF-β(1), plasma CTGF, MCP-1 and FN levels were assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric subjects showed a significant elevation in TGF-β(1), CTGF, MCP-1 and FN levels as compared with control and normoalbuminuric subjects. There was positive correlation between these markers and fasting plasma glucose, albumin excretion rate and with each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed the importance of these markers in DN pathogenesis which is powered by their association and thus the possibility of their use as biochemical markers in DN was suggested.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hala O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: El Mesallamy
authors.forename: Hanaa H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Atef A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bassyouni
authors.forename: Amira S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C526317:CCN2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005353:Fibronectins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor