title: Association of inflammation and cytotoxin-associated gene a positive strains of helicobacter pylori in cardiac syndrome x.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is a condition in which patients have the pain of angina despite normal coronary angiogram. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes chronic inflammation which may play a pathogenic role in CSX. We surveyed the association of inflammation with H. pylori and its virulent strain (cytotoxin-associated gene A positive; CagA+) infections with CSX.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with CSX (38 women/22 men; mean age: 51.8 ± 12.3) and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (39 women/21 men; mean age: 48.9 ± 6.3) were enrolled. Plasma samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibody to H. pylori using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. IgG- positive patients were determined by the presence of IgG antibody to CagA, also by ELISA method. Also, plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CSX were detected to have significantly higher plasma IL-6 and TNF-α level in comparison with normal controls (33.6 ± 3.5 vs 3.2 ± 0.4 and 24.2 ± 2.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.4, respectively; p < 0.01). The plasma levels of these inflammatory factors in CgA+ were significantly higher than those in CagA- (CSX: IL-6: 43.05 ± 5.04 vs 23.97 ± 4.58 and TNF-α: 31.43 ± 3.13 vs 16.47 ± 2.93, CONTROLS: IL-6: 3.52 ± 1.39 vs 2.90 ± 0.67 and TNF-α: 5.39 ± 1.17 vs 2.22 ± 0.43, respectively; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CagA+ strain of H. pylori, can not only be a trigger, and may also have a role via chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of CSX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rasmi
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raeisi
authors.forename: Mir H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Seyyed Mohammadzad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori