title: Strategies to prevent airway complications: a survey of adult intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing evidence that airway complications are relatively common in critical care. Strategies have been suggested to decrease their incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a telephone survey of all adult intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand to establish the current practice regarding strategies used to reduce airway complications in five key areas: (i) use of capnography; (ii) care of oral tracheal tubes; (iii) care of tracheostomy tubes; (iv) difficult and failed intubation; and (v) training and medical staffing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 176 ICU meeting inclusion criteria, 171 agreed to participate. Capnography is used during tracheal intubation in 88% of ICUs and for continuous monitoring in 64%. Protocols for advancing or partially withdrawing malpositioned tracheal tubes are used by 54% of units, with most allowing repositioning by unaccredited nurses. A small minority of ICUs use bed head signs to identify patients with 'critical airways' or laryngectomy, while only 8% have specific protocols for the care of these high-risk patients. Tracheostomy emergency algorithms are available in 13% of ICUs. At night, a doctor is exclusively assigned to 73% of units, although in 72%, the night doctor is not required to have prior anaesthetic/airway training. In 97% of the institutions surveyed, the senior doctor relied upon for airway emergencies at night is either non-resident or working elsewhere in the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that several possible strategies for avoiding airway complications in ICU patients dependent on an artificial airway are poorly implemented. This may expose these patients to avoidable risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK. tariqhusain@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gatward
authors.forename: O R H
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Hambidge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asogan
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Southwood
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D001315:Australia; D019296:Capnography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009520:New Zealand; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards