title: Infant, obstetrical and maternal characteristics associated with thromboembolism in infancy: a nationwide population-based case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify infant, obstetrical and maternal characteristics associated with arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in infancy (<1 year).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide, population-based nested case-control study. All infants with a verified first-time diagnosis of AIS, VTE or both in Denmark through the years 1994-2006 were included, and 10 population controls were selected for each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case-infants presented with AIS (n=71) or VTE (n=38). AIS in infancy was associated with primiparity (adjusted OR 5.9 CI 95% 3.0 to 11.6)), delivery by an emergency caesarean section (adjusted OR 1.9 (CI 95% 1.0 to 3.3)), and post-term birth (adjusted OR 2.2 (CI 95% 1.1 to 4.8)). Male sex was associated with an increased risk of AIS among neonates (crude OR 1.8 (CI 95% 1.0 to 3.4)) but not among later born (crude OR 0.6 (CI 95% 0.2 to 1.4)). Risk factors for VTE in infancy included preterm birth (adjusted OR 5.5 (CI 95% 1.8 to 16.9)), low Apgar score (adjusted OR 9.2 (CI 95% 1.9 to 45.2)), and multiple births (adjusted OR 7.1 (CI 95% 1.1 to 48.1)). Previous maternal thromboembolism and pregnancy-related disorders were not associated with the risk of thromboembolism in the children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several apparently independent infant, obstetrical and maternal characteristics were associated with thromboembolism in early life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark. rt@rn.dk
authors.forename: Ruta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tuckuviene
authors.forename: Anette Luther
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helgested
authors.forename: Heidi Holmager
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hundborg
authors.forename: Søren Risom
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Søren Paaske
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Johnsen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009774:Obstetrics; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology