title: Comparison of open-flow microperfusion and microdialysis methodologies when sampling topically applied fentanyl and benzoic acid in human dermis ex vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to compare two sampling methods--dermal Open-Flow Microperfusion (dOFM) and dermal Microdialysis (dMD) in an international joint experiment in a single-laboratory setting. We used human ex-vivo skin and sampled topically administered Fentanyl and Benzoic Acid. The second purpose was to provide guidance to researchers in choosing the most efficient method for a given penetrant and give suggestions concerning critical choices for successful dermal sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dOFM and dMD techniques are compared in equal set-ups using three probe-types (one dOFM probe and two dMD probe-types) in donor skin (n = 9)--27 probes of each type sampling each penetrant in solutions applied in penetrationchambers glued to the skin surface over a time range of 20 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacokinetic results demonstrated concordance between dOFM and dMD sampling technique under the given experimental conditions. The methods each had advantages and limitations in technical, practical and hands-on comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When planning a study of cutaneous penetration the advantages and limitations of each probe-type have to be considered in relation to the scientific question posed, the physico-chemical characteristics of the substance of interest, the choice of experimental setting e.g. ex vivo/in vivo and the analytical skills available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. rikkeholmgaard@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holmgaard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benfeldt
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gatschelhofer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Höfferer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodenlenz
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pieber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sinner
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010477:Perfusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D005283:Fentanyl