title: Does a diet high or low in fat influence the oxidation potential of VLDL, LDL and HDL subfractions?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-fat diets have become increasingly popular for weight-loss, but their effect on the oxidation potential of lipoprotein subfractions has not been studied. Therefore, this study compared the effects of high-fat vs. low-fat weight reduction diets on this parameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very-low, low- and high-density lipoprotein (VLDL, LDL & HDL) subfractions were isolated by rapid ultracentrifugation from 24-overweight/obese subjects randomised to a high- or low-fat diet. The lipoprotein subfractions were assessed for oxidation potential by measuring conjugated diene (CD) production and time at half maximum. We found a significant between-group difference in oxidation potential. Specifically, a high-fat diet led to increased CD production in VLDL(A-D) and HDL(2&3), and a prolongation of time at half maximum. Within-group differences found that CDs increased in VLDL(A&D), LDL(I-III) and HDL(2&3) in the high-fat group and fell in VLDL(A-C) and HDL(2&3) and increased in LDL(I&II), in the low-fat group. Furthermore, following both diets all lipoprotein subfractions, except LDL(II) in the low-fat group, were protected against oxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that at first glance, a high-fat diet may be indicative of having heart-protective properties. However, this may be erroneous, as although the time for oxidation to occur was prolonged, once this occurred these lipoproteins had the potential to produce significantly more oxidised substrate. Conversely, a low-fat diet may be considered anti-atherogenic, as these subfractions were protected against oxidation and mainly contained fewer oxidised substrate. Thus, increased fat intake may, by increasing the oxidation product within lipoprotein subfractions, increase cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, BT12 6BJ, UK. j.mceneny@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEneny
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D016877:Oxidants; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C108132:oxidized very low density lipoprotein; D003300:Copper; C029892:cupric chloride