title: Holistic System of Care: a ten-year perspective.
abstract: The Holistic System of Care for Native Americans in an Urban Environment is a community-focused intervention that provides behavioral health care, promotes health, and prevents disease. This approach is based on a community strategic planning process that honored Native American culture and relationships. Substance abuse, mental illness, homelessness, poverty, crime, physical illness, and violence are symptoms of historical trauma, family dysfunction, and spiritual imbalance. The holistic model links treatment, prevention, and recovery. The link between prevention and treatment is early intervention. Peer support is the link between treatment and recovery. Recovering individuals serve as role models linking recovery to prevention. Culture and spirituality build a strong and resilient foundation for recovery. This article documents the effectiveness of the holistic model over a ten-year period that it has been implemented at the Family & Child Guidance Clinic of the Native American Health Center in the San Francisco Bay Area. The holistic model has produced statistically significant reductions in substance abuse among adult Native American women, men, reentry, and homeless populations; reductions in substance abuse among Native American adolescents; reductions in HIV/AIDS high-risk behavior among Native American men, women, and adolescents; and decreases in acting out behavior among Native American severely emotionally disturbed children.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Health, Family & Child Guidance Clinic, Native American Health Center, 3124 International Blvd, Oakland, CA 94601, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nebelkopf
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006694:Holistic Health / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012495:San Francisco; D012737:Sex Factors; D026443:Spiritual Therapies; D014481:United States