title: Oestrogen's regulation of fat metabolism during exercise and gender specific effects.
abstract: Early animal, menstrual phase and gender comparative studies inconsistently support an oestrogen-induced increase in fat oxidation during exercise. Recent advances from studies of cellular signalling and gene expression provide evidence for inter-tissue and intramuscular mechanisms that demonstrate oestrogen's promotion of skeletal muscle fat oxidative capacity. Oestrogen or oestrogen-analogues act mainly through oestrogen receptor-alpha in skeletal muscle to stimulate the genomic expression of certain other nuclear hormone receptors and downstream targets to promote long chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake, mitochondrial shuttling and β oxidation. Oestrogen increases the availability of LCFA substrate by enhancing adipocyte lipolysis and expression of genes promoting intramyocellular lipid storage. Oestrogen acts by non-genomic means to increase the activation of AMPK that may reinforce some direct genomic actions.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Witwatersrand, Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa. oosthuyse@polka.co.za
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oosthuyse
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bosch
mesh_terms: D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002787:Sterol Esterase