title: Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes on bologna sausages by an antimicrobial film containing mustard extract or sinigrin.
abstract: The ability of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes to convert glucosinolates into antimicrobial isothiocyanates was investigated. Mustard glucosinolates in pure (sinigrin) or extract forms (sinigrin, oriental; sinalbin, yellow mustard) were used in broth media and in a polyvinyl polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (PPG) packaging film with bologna to examine their value as antimicrobial precursors for the control of L. monocytogenes viability and extension of bologna shelf-life at 4 °C. During broth tests with deodorized (myrosinase-inactivated) mustard extracts (10 d at 20 °C) or with purified sinigrin (21 d at 20 °C) L. monocytogenes was only inhibited when exogenous myrosinase was added. None the less, the organism was able to hydrolyze almost half the pure sinigrin by 21 d in tests without added enzyme. Reductions in sinigrin levels were measured by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, and in the absence of L. monocytogenes or added myrosinase the glucosinolate was stable. When pure sinigrin, oriental or yellow mustard extracts were incorporated in PPG films containing 3, 5 and 6% (w/w) of the corresponding glucosinolate and used to package bologna inoculated with 4 log CFU/g L. monocytogenes, the pathogen became undetectable in bologna packed with the oriental mustard extract at 52 d storage and remained undetectable at 70 d. The yellow mustard extract was less inhibitory and the pure sinigrin was not antimicrobial. L. monocytogenes numbers reached >7 log CFU/g in the film and untreated controls at 17 d storage. At 35 d storage, samples packed with control film contained sufficient numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (>7 log CFU/g) to be considered spoiled, whereas treatments containing mustard or sinigrin remained <7 log CFU/g LAB for ≤ 70 d. L. monocytogenes played a key role in exerting control over its own viability in bologna by hydrolysis of the glucosinolate in the oriental mustard film, but other antimicrobials in treatments may have contributed.
authors.affiliation: Materials and Packaging System Department, Packaging, Transport & Logistics Research Centre-ITENE, 46980 Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lara-Lledó
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olaimat
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Holley
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D018441:Biofilms; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031226:Sinapis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005961:Glucosinolates; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C037152:isothiocyanic acid; C010330:sinigrin