title: Living donor liver transplantation for patients immunized against human leukocyte antigen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical features and perioperative management of liver transplant recipients who are already sensitized against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) prior to transplantation are not yet clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of living donor liver transplant recipients were reviewed and clinical features of the patients possessing anti-HLA antibodies were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 470 consecutive living donor liver transplant recipients, 6 patients (1.3%) had preformed anti-HLA antibodies. A review of the postoperative courses of these patients revealed that the problems included platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) due to immune-mediated destruction of platelet and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). PTR was observed in patients with anti-HLA class I antibodies and only HLA-matched platelet concentrate (HLA-matched PC) relieved thrombocytopenia. Intravenous gammaglobulin had an additive effect to HLA-matched PC in some cases, and platelet transfusion from close relatives might be a substitute for HLA-matched PC in life-threatening situations. Although the etiology of TMA is unremarkable, the incidence was high (67%, 4/6) compared with that in patients who were not sensitized against HLA (5.6%, 26/464; p < 0.01). Of the four patients, three were complicated with late-onset TMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering these clinical features, careful preparation and postoperative management are needed for liver transplant candidates with anti-HLA antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Artificial Organ and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shindoh
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Sumihito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Noriyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashiki
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000276:immunology; D057049:Thrombotic Microangiopathies / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet; D006680:HLA Antigens; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous