title: Determination of neutrophil antigen HNA-3a and HNA-3b genotype frequencies in six racial groups by high-throughput 5' exonuclease assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with the human neutrophil antigen (HNA)-3b/3b type can make HNA-3a antibodies, which have been reported to cause immune neutropenia disorders and are especially prone to cause severe cases of transfusion-related acute lung injury. However, knowledge of HNA-3 allele frequencies outside Caucasian populations is limited. We developed a high-throughput genotyping assay and determined the HNA-3a/3b genotype frequencies in six different racial and ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping utilized TaqMan 5' exonuclease chemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 742 DNA samples from six different racial and ethnic groups were genotyped for HNA-3a and HNA-3b.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotyping assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity compared to sequencing and phenotyping and had high throughput. A significant percentage of Caucasians (6.5%), Han Chinese (16%), and Asian Indians (6%) typed HNA-3b/3b, but only a small percentage of Hispanics (1%) and no African or Native Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HNA-3 genotyping assay had high sensitivity, specificity, and sample throughput. HNA-3b/b genotype results determined for 742 individuals representing six different racial and ethnic groups showed that there could be a significant risk of producing anti-HNA-3a in Chinese, as well as in Caucasian and Asian Indian blood donor populations, but a very low risk in Hispanic, African, or Native American populations.
authors.affiliation: Platelet & Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-2178, USA.
authors.forename: Krista L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bowens
authors.forename: Mia J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001213:Asian / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology; D005838:Genotype; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: C518134:HNA-3a antigen, human; D007519:Isoantigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C484524:SLC44A2 protein, human; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I