title: Headache in children with Tourette syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors analyzed the frequency of occurrence of headaches in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS) to address their possible inclusion as a comorbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a prospective questionnaire, administered directly, we interviewed a total sample size of 109 patients with TS ≤ 21 years of age. The questionnaires were then analyzed according to the International Headache Society's diagnostic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found headaches to be present in 55% of the patients, with the 2 most common headache types being migraine headaches and tension-type headaches. The rate of migraine headache within the TS group was found to be 4 times greater than that of the general pediatric population, as reported in the literature. In addition, the rate of tension-type headache was found to be more than 5 times greater than that of the general pediatric population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the high rates of migraine and tension-type headache within this population support the proposition that headaches are a comorbidity of TS.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology Center, Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. ghoshd2@ccf.org
authors.forename: Debabrata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Prashant V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: Deepanjana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: A David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rothner
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult