title: TRPV4-pathy manifesting both skeletal dysplasia and peripheral neuropathy: a report of three patients.
abstract: Heterozygous missense mutations of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel (TRPV4) cause a spectrum of skeletal disorders, including brachyolmia, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Kozlowski type, metatropic dysplasia, parastremmatic dysplasia, and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Maroteaux type. Similarly, heterozygous missense mutations of TRPV4 cause a spectrum of peripheral neuropathy, including hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type IIC, congenital spinal muscular atrophy, and scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy. There are no apparent differences in the amino acid positions affected or type of change predicted by the TRPV4 mutations responsible for the two disease spectrums; nevertheless, no fundamental phenotypic overlap has been shown between the two spectrums. Here, we report on three patients who had both skeletal dysplasia and peripheral neuropathy caused by heterozygous TRPV4 missense mutations. The skeletal and neurologic phenotypes of these patients covered the wide spectrum of reported TRPV4-pathies (disease caused by TRPV4 mutations). The molecular data are complementary, proving that "neuropathic" mutations can cause skeletal dysplasia but also the "skeletopathic" mutations can lead to neuropathies. Our findings suggest that pathogenic mechanisms of TRPV4-pathies in skeletal and nervous systems are not always mutually exclusive and provide further evidence that there is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation for either spectrum. Co-occurrence of skeletal dysplasia and degenerative neuropathy should be kept in mind in clinical practice including diagnostic testing, surgical evaluation, and genetic counseling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Joon
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fano
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Ok-Hwa
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Won Joon
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takigami
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monges
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zabel
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Ekkehart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lausch
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikegawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C416986:TRPV4 protein, human