title: Integration of HIV testing in tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance in Kazakhstan and Kenya.
abstract: In Kenya and Kazakhstan, integration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing results into the routine surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) proved feasible and useful. The integration process improved overall data quality and data validation capacity, and integrated  data are a useful addition to routine cohort and treatment outcome data. Besides their importance for individual patient care, they provide trends on the association of MDR-TB and HIV in the routine programme setting. They also form a useful epidemiological basis for more specific studies,  such as on nosocomial outbreaks. Whether the system itself is sensitive enough to monitor possible outbreaks needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Regional Team Africa, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands. klinkenberge@kncvtbc.nl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klinkenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van den Hof
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tursynbayeva
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kipruto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wahogo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutwa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: L'Herminez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D016730:Program Development; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents