title: Capsaicin consumption, Helicobacter pylori CagA status and IL1B-31C>T genotypes: a host and environment interaction in gastric cancer.
abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) has been associated with a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. In contrast to most countries, available information on GC mortality trends showed a gradual increase in Mexico. Our aim was to explore potential interactions among dietary (chili pepper consumption), infectious (Helicobacter pylori) and genetic factors (IL1B-31 genotypes) on GC risk. The study was performed in three areas of Mexico, with different GC mortality rates. We included 158 GC patients and 317 clinical controls. Consumption of capsaicin (Cap), the pungent active substance of chili peppers, was estimated by food frequency questionnaire. H. pylori CagA status was assessed by ELISA, and IL1B-31 genotypes were determined by TaqMan assays and Pyrosequencing in DNA samples. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate potential interactions. Moderate to high Cap consumption synergistically increased GC risk in genetically susceptible individuals (IL1B-31C allele carriers) infected with the more virulent H. pylori (CagA+) strains. The combined presence of these factors might explain the absence of a decreasing trend for GC in Mexico. However, further research on gene-environment interactions is required to fully understand the factors determining GC patterns in susceptible populations, with the aim of recommending preventive measures for high risk individuals.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lizbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Carrillo
authors.forename: M Constanza
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Barbara G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Liviu A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sicinschi
authors.forename: Raúl U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ramírez
authors.forename: Pelayo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Mariano E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cebrian
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012306:Risk; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D004247:DNA; D002211:Capsaicin