title: Effects of propofol with hyperthermia in a rat model of endotoxemic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to investigate the effects of active mild hyperthermia and the effects of active mild hyperthermia with propofol on mortality and inflammatory responses during endotoxin-induced shock in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravenous Escherichia coli endotoxin (15 mg/kg over 2 min) was injected in 48 rats. The animals were randomly allocated to one of the following four groups (n = 12 per group): normothermia group (group N), rectal temperature maintained between 36 °C and 38 °C; hyperthermia group (group H), rectal temperature was moderate and maintained between 39 °C and 40 °C; propofol with normothermia group (group PN), propofol (10 mg/kg/h) was administered, and temperature was between 36 °C and 38 °C; Propofol with hyperthermia group (group PH), propofol (10 mg/kg/h) administrated, and temperatures were maintained between 39 °C and 40 °C. The primary outcome was mortality 8 h after endotoxin injection. Secondary outcomes included changes in haemodynamics, arterial blood gases and plasma cytokine concentrations for the 8-h observation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality rates 8 h after endotoxin injection were 92%, 100%, 68% and 50% for N, H, PN and PH groups, respectively. There was no difference in hypotension, acidosis, and increase in plasma cytokine concentrations between N and H groups, but these parameters were attenuated in group PH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mortality rates in the present study were extremely high; further hypotension and elevations in plasma pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations after endotoxin injection were not attenuated by mild hyperthermia between 39 °C and 40 °C, but they were attenuated by propofol with mild hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007022:Hypotension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C440499:lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli O111 B4; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol