title: Minimization of thermal impact by application of electrode cooling in a co-linear PEF treatment chamber.
abstract: A co-linear pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment chamber was analyzed and optimized considering electrical process conditions, temperature, and retention of heat-sensitive compounds during a continuous PEF treatment of peach juice. The applicability of a jacket heat-exchanger device surrounding the ground electrode was studied in order to provide active cooling and to avoid temperature peaks within the treatment chamber thus reducing the total thermal load to which the product is exposed. Simulation of the PEF process was performed using a finite element method prior to experimental verification. Inactivation of polyphenoloxydase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) as well as the degradation of ascorbic acid (AA) in peach juice was quantified and used as indirect indicators for the temperature distribution. Peaks of product temperature within the treatment chamber were reduced, that is, from 98 to 75 °C and retention of the indicators PPO, POD, and AA increased by more than 10% after application of the active electrode cooling device. Practical Application:  The co-linear PEF treatment chamber is widely used for continuous PEF treatment of liquid products and also suitable for industrial scale application; however, Joule heating in combination with nonuniform electric field distribution may lead to unwanted thermal effects. The proposed design showed potential to reduce the thermal load, to which the food is exposed, allowing the retention of heat-sensitive components. The design is applicable at laboratory or industrial scale to perform PEF trials avoiding temperature peaks, which is also the basis for obtaining inactivation kinetic models with minimized thermal impact on the kinetic variables.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Berlin Univ. of Technology, Koenigin-Luise-St. 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. nicolas.meneses@mailbox.tu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meneses
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knorr
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D061353:Food Storage; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid