title: The Plasmodium apicoplast genome: conserved structure and close relationship of P. ovale to rodent malaria parasites.
abstract: Apicoplast, a nonphotosynthetic plastid derived from secondary symbiotic origin, is essential for the survival of malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Elucidation of the evolution of the apicoplast genome in Plasmodium species is important to better understand the functions of the organelle. However, the complete apicoplast genome is available for only the most virulent human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Here, we obtained the near-complete apicoplast genome sequences from eight Plasmodium species that infect a wide variety of vertebrate hosts and performed structural and phylogenetic analyses. We found that gene repertoire, gene arrangement, and other structural attributes were highly conserved. Phylogenetic reconstruction using 30 protein-coding genes of the apicoplast genome inferred, for the first time, a close relationship between P. ovale and rodent parasites. This close relatedness was robustly supported using multiple evolutionary assumptions and models. The finding suggests that an ancestral host switch occurred between rodent and human Plasmodium parasites.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arisue
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Hideya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Nirianne M Q
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Palacpac
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023061:Gene Order; D018503:Genome, Protozoan; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000469:parasitology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D041122:Plasmodium ovale / Q000235:genetics; D012377:Rodentia / Q000469:parasitology