title: Gene expression profiling of HCV genotype 3a initial liver fibrosis and cirrhosis patients using microarray.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes liver fibrosis that may lead to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and may partially depend on infecting viral genotype. HCV genotype 3a is being more common in Asian population, especially Pakistan; the detail mechanism of infection still needs to be explored. In this study, we investigated and compared the gene expression profile between initial fibrosis stage and cirrhotic 3a genotype patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiling of human liver tissues was performed containing more than 22000 known genes. Using Oparray protocol, preparation and hybridization of slides was carried out and followed by scanning with GeneTAC integrator 4.0 software. Normalization of the data was obtained using MIDAS software and Significant Microarray Analysis (SAM) was performed to obtain differentially expressed candidate genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 22000 genes studied, 219 differentially regulated genes found with P ≤ 0.05 between both groups; 107 among those were up-regulated and 112 were down-regulated. These genes were classified into 31 categories according to their biological functions. The main categories included: apoptosis, immune response, cell signaling, kinase activity, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, protein modulation, metabolism, vision, cell structure, cytoskeleton, nervous system, protein metabolism, protein modulation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and transport activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study on gene expression profiling in patients associated with genotype 3a using microarray analysis. These findings represent a broad portrait of genomic changes in early HCV associated fibrosis and cirrhosis. We hope that identified genes in this study will help in future to act as prognostic and diagnostic markers to differentiate fibrotic patients from cirrhotic ones.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. sajihassan2004@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Waqar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ijaz
authors.forename: Sajida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics