title: Effects of regular and highly fluoridated toothpastes in combination with saliva substitutes on artificial enamel caries lesions differing in mineral content.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For patients with hyposalivation fluorides are supportive to prevent caries lesions. Remineralization of subsurface lesions might be improved by toothpastes containing 5000 μgF(-)/g compared with those having 1400 μgF(-)/g. This could be influenced by the degree of baseline mineralization. Therefore, this in vitro study evaluated the effects of fluoride toothpastes differing in fluoride concentration in combination with de- and remineralizing saliva substitutes using two lesion types.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens with shallow (SL; ΔZ (SD): 1915 (543) vol% × μm) or deep lesions (DL; 5804 (427) vol% × μm) were either stored in mineral water [saturation with respect to octacalcium phosphate (S(OCP)): 0.5], demineralizing experimental (Exp, S(OCP): 0.3), demineralizing commercial (Glandosane, S(OCP): 0.3), or remineralizing saliva substitute (modified Saliva natura; S(OCP): 1.9) for five weeks (37 °C). Either one of three brushing procedures was performed additionally three times daily: no brushing, Elmex anticaries toothpaste (E; 1400 μgF(-)/g), Duraphat toothpaste (D; 5000 μgF(-)/g). Mineral parameters before and after storage were evaluated using microradiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Storage in Exp as well as Glandosane induced a significant demineralization (p < 0.05; relatively more pronounced in SL than DL). Additional brushing in particular with D reduced these effects. Storage alone in modified Saliva natura remineralized specimens (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the in vitro conditions chosen shallow lesions seem to be more susceptible for demineralization compared with deeper ones when stored in an undersaturated (with respect to OCP) saliva substitute. The highly fluoridated toothpaste seemed to be more beneficial than a regular one.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Preventive Dentistry, University School of Dental Medicine, CharitéCentrum 3, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tschoppe
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lueckel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008852:Microradiography; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014100:Toothpastes; D005459:Fluorides