title: 13C pulse-labeling assessment of the community structure of active fungi in the rhizosphere of a genetically starch-modified potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar and its parental isoline.
abstract: • The aim of this study was to gain understanding of the carbon flow from the roots of a genetically modified (GM) amylopectin-accumulating potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar and its parental isoline to the soil fungal community using stable isotope probing (SIP). • The microbes receiving (13)C from the plant were assessed through RNA/phospholipid fatty acid analysis with stable isotope probing (PLFA-SIP) at three time-points (1, 5 and 12 d after the start of labeling). The communities of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota were analysed separately with RT-qPCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). • Ascomycetes and glomeromycetes received carbon from the plant as early as 1 and 5 d after labeling, while basidiomycetes were slower in accumulating the labeled carbon. The rate of carbon allocation in the GM variety differed from that in its parental variety, thereby affecting soil fungal communities. • We conclude that both saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi rapidly metabolize organic substrates flowing from the root into the rhizosphere, that there are large differences in utilization of root-derived compounds at a lower phylogenetic level within investigated fungal phyla, and that active communities in the rhizosphere differ between the GM plant and its parental cultivar through effects of differential carbon flow from the plant.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hannula
authors.affiliation: Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H T S
authors.initials: HTS
authors.lastname: Boschker
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.|Insititute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Veen
mesh_terms: D000687:Amylopectin / Q000378:metabolism; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D053147:Plant Exudates; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D010743:Phospholipids; D053147:Plant Exudates; D012987:Soil; D002244:Carbon; D000687:Amylopectin