title: Short- and long-term cardiac events in patients with chest pain with or without known existing coronary disease presenting normal electrocardiogram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate incidence of adverse cardiac events in patients with chest pain with or without known existing coronary disease presenting normal electrocardiogram (ECG) and initial troponin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized study enrolled low-risk patients with normal ECG and troponin on admission who underwent observation and/or stress testing by unstandardized clinical judgment. Patients who experienced recurrent angina or positive ECGs or positive troponins during observation or patients with positive stress testing were admitted; otherwise, they were discharged.
  
  
  METHODS
  The end points are cardiac events at short- and long-term follow-up including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and revascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5656 patients considered, 1732 with ischemic ECG were initially admitted and, therefore, excluded from the analysis; 2860 with pleuritic chest pain and normal ECG were discharged; 1064 with visceral chest pain and normal ECG were enrolled. Patients with known coronary disease (45%) were older and likely presented known vascular disease. Patients with known vascular disease, older age, female sex, diabetes mellitus, and lower chest pain score were likely managed with observation. In patients with known coronary disease as compared with patients without, overall cardiac events account for 35% vs 14%, respectively (P < .001), as follows: in-hospital, 23% vs 10%, (P < .001); 1 month, 4% vs 2% (P = .133); and 9.9 ± 4.9 months, 8% vs 2%, respectively (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-third of patients with chest pain with known coronary disease, negative ECG, and biomarkers were subsequently found to have adverse cardiac events. The value of this research for an emergency medicine audience could be extended to all clinicians and general practitioners beyond cardiologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. aaaconti@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggioni
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viviani
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luzzi
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vicidomini
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanobetti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pini
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padeletti
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors