title: Shear bond strength between resin and zirconia with two different silane blends.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study in vitro the effect of two cross-linking silanes, bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane and bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine, blended with an organofunctional silane coupling agent, (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, on the shear bond strength between resin-composite cement and silicatized zirconia after dry storage and thermocycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six tested groups of 90 samples of yttria stabilized zirconia were used for sample preparation. The surfaces of the zirconia were silica-coated. 3M ESPE Sil silane was used as a control. Solutions of (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane with cross-linking silanes bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane and bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine were applied onto the surface of silicatized zirconia. 3M ESPE RelyX resin-composite cement was bonded onto the silicatized and silanized zirconia surface and light-cured. Three groups were tested under dry condition and the other three groups were tested for thermocycling. The shear bond strength was measured using a materials testing instrument. Group mean shear bond strengths were analysed by ANOVA at a significant level of p < 0.05. The zirconia surface composition was analysed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest shear bond strength was 11.8 ± 3.5 MPa for (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane blended with bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (dry storage). There was a significant difference between mean shear bond strength values for (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane blended with two cross-linking silanes, bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane and bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine, after thermocycling (p < 3.9 × 10(-8)). Various surface treatments of zirconia influenced the surface roughness (p < 4.6 × 10(-6)). The chemical composition analysis showed there was an increase in silicon and oxygen content after sandblasting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the combination of functional (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane with cross-linking bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine showed superior hydrolytic stability than with bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane.
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. yklung@graduate.hku.hk
authors.forename: Christie Ying Kei
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lung
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kukk
authors.forename: Jukka Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Matinlinna
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011437:Propylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D011437:Propylamines; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; C017492:methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; D015019:Yttrium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C529884:3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide