title: Carbohydrate supplementation increases intramyocellular lipid stores in elite runners.
abstract: The objective was to determine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on exercise-induced hormone responses and post-training intramyocellular lipid stores (IMCL). Twenty-four elite male athletes (28.0±1.2 years) were randomized to receive CHO (maltodextrin solution) or zero energy placebo solution (control group). The high-intensity running protocol consisted of 10×800 m at 100% of the best 3000-m speed (Vm3 km) and 2×1000 m maximal bouts in the morning and a submaximal 10-km continuous easy running in the afternoon of day 9. IMCL concentrations were assessed by (1)H-MRS before (-day 9) and after training (day 9) in soleus (SO) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Blood hormones were also measured before, during, and post-exercise. The percent change (Δ%) in TA-IMCL was higher in the CHO group (47.9±24.5 IMCL/Cr) than in the control group (-1.7±13.1, respectively) (P=.04). Insulin concentrations were higher in the CHO group post-intermittent running compared to control (P=.02). Circulating levels of free fatty acids and GH were lower in the CHO group (P>.01). The decline in performance in the 2nd 1000-m bout was also attenuated in this group compared to control (P<.001 and P=.0035, respectively). The hormonal milieu (higher insulin and lower GH levels) in the CHO group, together with unchanged free fatty acid levels, probably contributed to the increased IMCL stores. This greater energy storage capacity may have improved post-exercise recovery and thus prevented performance deterioration.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-18, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. maysavs@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Maysa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Herbert Gustavo
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Cláudio Campi de
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Maria Concepción García
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Otaduy
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Negrão
authors.forename: Rosa Maria Rodrigues
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Klavs
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Maria Elizabeth Rossi da
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D012420:Running
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D004837:Epinephrine