title: Effect of annatto seed and coriander leaves as natural antioxidants in fish meatballs during frozen storage.
abstract: The effects of annatto (0.1 g/100g) and coriander (0.5 g/100g) were assessed against lipid oxidation in white hake meatballs cooked in boiling water (95 ± 1 °C) for 30 min and stored at -18 °C for 120 d. The fatty acids (FA) and the nutritional quality, cholesterol, cholesterol oxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, and conjugated dienes were analyzed to follow the course of oxidation. Annatto and coriander were efficient in the control of lipid oxidation, also preserving the essential FA. At 120 d of storage, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration decreased respectively by 43%, 32%, 12%, and 9% in the control, coriander, annatto, and annatto + coriander patties. For docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), these concentrations decreased, respectively, 44%, 30%, 11%, and 7%, revealing a probable synergistic effect among the antioxidant compounds present in both spices. On the other hand, annatto and coriander were not able to act protecting the meatballs against lipid oxidation when they were cooked, also not exerted any effect in the cholesterol oxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spices, especially coriander and annatto, can be an alternative to substitute synthetic additives with antioxidants to prevent loss of important unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in fish meatballs during frozen storage for 120 d. The maximum effect was observed when 0.5% coriander and 0.1% annatto were used in combination. Cooking did not induce the formation of cholesterol oxides, compounds that can cause more health damages than cholesterol itself; however, during storage the cholesterol oxides levels presented a little increase regardless of spice addition.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, Univ. of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Aparecida Soriano
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: Fabíola Aliaga
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Gabriel Guerra
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Lilian Regina Barros
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mariutti
authors.forename: Neura
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bragagnolo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D031212:Bixaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001938:Brazil; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D003296:Cooking; D028526:Coriandrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D005628:Frozen Foods / Q000032:analysis; D048388:Gadiformes; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017365:Spices / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005520:Food Preservatives; D002338:Carotenoids; D002784:Cholesterol; C004588:bixin