title: Recent advances in the synthesis of raloxifene: a selective estrogen receptor modulator.
abstract: Estrogens are a group of steroids that exert important effects on reproductive and many non-reproductive tissues. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) are a class of therapeutic agents widely prescribed for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptoms. Raloxifene, an example of oral SERM is prescribed primarily for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal disorders in woman. The current review provides an outline of practical methodologies used to access benzothiophenyl scaffolds of raloxifene and relevant structural analogs. The contents are discussed in five sections: (a) synthesis of raloxifene, (b) organometallic analogs, (c) radiolabelled analogs, (d) constrained raloxifene analogs, and (e) other oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen based raloxifene analogs. In addition to the synthesis, biological activity of a few synthetic analogs has been discussed.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA. sdadiboyena@tpims.org
authors.forename: Sureshbabu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadiboyena
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride