title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle homeostasis and disease.
abstract: Our appreciation of the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in both skeletal muscle homeostasis and the progression of muscle diseases is gaining momentum. This review provides insight into ER stress mechanisms during physiologic and pathological disturbances in skeletal muscle. The role of ER stress in the response to dietary alterations and acute stressors, including its role in autoimmune and genetic muscle disorders, has been described. Recent studies identifying ER stress markers in diseased skeletal muscle are noted. The emerging evidence for ER-mitochondrial interplay in skeletal muscle and its importance during chronic ER stress in activation of both inflammatory and cell death pathways (autophagy, necrosis, and apoptosis) have been discussed. Thus, understanding the ER stress-related molecular pathways underlying physiologic and pathological phenotypes in healthy and diseased skeletal muscle should lead to novel therapeutic targets for muscle disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA. srayavarapu@cnmcresearch.org
authors.forename: Sree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rayavarapu
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coley
authors.forename: Kanneboyina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagaraju
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017240:Mitochondrial Myopathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009220:Myositis / Q000503:physiopathology