title: Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of wild and cultivated Moroccan Achillea ageratum L.: a rare and threatened medicinal species.
abstract: The essential oils of leaves and flowers of the wild and cultivated Moroccan Achillea ageratum L., a rare and threatened medicinal species, were examined by GC/MS, and their chemical compositions were compared. At least nine components were identified in both wild and cultivated A. ageratum oils, representing more than 95% of the oils. Artemisyl acetate (62.34-78.79%), yomogi alcohol (4.89-12.40%), santolina alcohol (4.86-11.77%), and artemisia alcohol (3.36-7.04%) were the major compounds. Terpene-alcohol proportion was higher in wild A. ageratum than in cultivated A. ageratum. The antibacterial analysis showed that both oils presented high activity against all the studied Gram-positive strains in a range of MIC values from 2.55 to 7.02 mg/ml, but they appeared not effective against the tested Gram-negative ones (MIC values 20.40-41.10 mg/ml). They also exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Candida species with MIC values ranging from 5.83 to 8.42 mg/ml. From these results, it was concluded that domestication of this threatened medicinal species using clonal propagation did not significantly affect its chemical composition and consequently its antimicrobial properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales, Equipe de Phytochimie et Pharmacologie des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: El Bouzidi
authors.forename: Abdelaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbad
authors.forename: Lahcen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hassani
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fattarsi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markouk
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Legendre
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bekkouche
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009018:Morocco; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile