title: Toxicity of metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb to Phytophthora infestans isolates from Serbia.
abstract: A study of the in vitro sensitivity of 12 isolates of Phytophthora infestans to metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb, was conducted. The isolates derived from infected potato leaves collected at eight different localities in Serbia during 2005-2007. The widest range of EC(50) values for mycelial growth of the isolates was recorded for metalaxyl. They varied from 0.3 to 3.9 μg mL(-1) and were higher than those expected in a susceptible population of P. infestans. The EC(50) values of the isolates were 0.16-0.30 μg mL(-1) for dimethomorph, 0.27-0.57 μg mL(-1) for cymoxanil, 0.0026-0.0049 μg mL(-1) for zoxamide and 2.9-5.0 μg mL(-1) for mancozeb. The results indicated that according to effective concentration (EC(50)) the 12 isolates of P. infestans were sensitive to azoxystrobin (0.019-0.074 μg mL(-1)), and intermediate resistant to metalaxyl, dimethomorph and cymoxanil. According to resistance factor, all P. infestans isolates were sensitive to dimethomorph, cymoxanil, mancozeb and zoxamide, 58.3% of isolates were sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl. Gout's scale indicated that 41.7% isolates were moderately sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Banatska, Serbia. emil.rekanovic@pesting.org.rs
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rekanović
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Potočnik
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milijašević-Marčić
authors.forename: Miloš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepanović
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Todorović
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mihajlović
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000633:toxicity; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D000577:Amides / Q000633:toxicity; D008344:Maneb / Q000633:toxicity; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D009025:Morpholines / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D055750:Phytophthora infestans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000633:toxicity; D055771:Serbia; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000469:parasitology*; D000073739:Strobilurins; D015038:Zineb / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000577:Amides; D008689:Methacrylates; D009025:Morpholines; D010575:Pesticides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000073739:Strobilurins; C451427:zoxamide; D008344:Maneb; C028175:metalaxyl; C076154:dimethomorph; C025644:2-cyano-N-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide; C087670:azoxystrobin; D000409:Alanine; C013099:mancozeb; D015038:Zineb