title: Gangliosides and chondroitin sulfate desensitize and internalize B2 bradykinin receptors.
abstract: Prolonged or repeated agonist activation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiates their desensitization and internalization, rendering them unresponsive to agonist activation. We analyzed how gangliosides and chondroitin sulfate affect B2 bradykinin (BK) receptors (B2Rs). Gangliosides and chondroitin sulfate did not stimulate intracellular Ca(2+) release from B2R-expressing CHO-K1 cells, but repeated exposure desensitized B2Rs to BK stimulation. Microscopic observation of DsRed-fused B2Rs revealed that several gangliosides and chondroitin sulfate C (CSC) effectively internalized B2Rs. Ganglioside-CSC treatment of B2R mutant-expressing cells failed to desensitize and internalize the mutant receptors. As this mutant lacks the first extracellular domain and cannot activate GPCR kinase (GRK), gangliosides and CSC likely initiate B2R desensitization and endocytosis through GRK-mediated B2R phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Glyco-Signal Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Tetsuto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitoma
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002807:Chondroitin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D051381:Rats; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D002807:Chondroitin