title: The larger exercise stroke volume in endurance-trained men does not result from increased left ventricular early or late inflow or tissue velocities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the larger exercise stroke volume in senior endurance-trained athletes results from an attenuation of age-related alterations in left ventricular (LV) early diastolic filling or a more vigorous late filling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body composition (DEXA), VO(2)peak, stroke volume (CO(2) rebreathing) and Doppler measures of early and late mitral inflow and mitral annular velocities were collected at seated upright rest and heart rate-matched exercise (100 and 120 bpm) in trained and untrained younger (18-30 years) men and trained and untrained older (60-80 years) healthy men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ageing had a greater effect than training status on seated rest mitral inflow and tissue Doppler imaging parameters, as shown by a lower peak early-to-late mitral inflow velocity ratio (E/A ratio) and slower peak early mitral annular velocity (Em) in older compared with younger men. Exercise stroke volume was unaffected by healthy ageing; however, Em, an index of early LV lengthening rate and relaxation, was slower (P < 0.001), while measures of atrial systole were increased (P < 0.001) during exercise in older men. Stroke volume during exercise was larger in the trained men (P < 0.001); however, early and late mitral inflow and tissue velocities were not different between trained and untrained men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The larger exercise stroke volume in trained older male athletes does not seem to be related to faster filling or lengthening velocities during early or late filling. Thus, a larger, more compliant left ventricle in combination with an increased blood volume may explain the larger LV filling volumes in trained seniors.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. graemecarrick-ranson@texashealth.org
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrick-Ranson
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baldi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen