title: Effect of temperature and some added compounds on the stability of blood orange marmalade.
abstract: Jams and marmalades are often wrongly believed to be stable products, as the degradation of pigments such as anthocyanins, browning reactions, and the formation of sugar degradation products may occur during storage. The paper aims at studying some of the degradation reactions occurring in blood orange marmalade stored at 20 °C and 35 °C. The addition of natural (tea extract) and naturally occurring (ascorbic acid, cysteine, gallic acid) compounds to marmalade was addressed at investigating the possible effect on retarding such phenomena. Results highlight the dependence of anthocyans and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) levels on the storage temperature. Marmalades added with cysteine, unlike the samples added with phenol compounds, showed higher anthocyans and lower HMF levels just after processing, together with a reduced anthocyan loss kinetics and a slowdown of HMF formation during storage at both temperatures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transformation of blood oranges into marmalade represents an alternative to fresh market in periods when the high availability of the citrus causes the collapse of prices. Blood orange marmalade is characterized by a high nutritional value, however, it is not widely distributed yet. Its storability is limited by color and organoleptic changes that influence consumers' acceptance. The optimization of blood orange marmalade preparation could help producers improve storability and widen distribution.
authors.affiliation: Section of Food Technology and Microbiology, DISPA, Univ of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Licciardello
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muratore
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003116:Color; D003545:Cysteine; D005503:Food Additives; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005707:Gallic Acid; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D013662:Tea; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005503:Food Additives; D013662:Tea; D005707:Gallic Acid; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde; D003545:Cysteine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid