title: Prevalence of sleep disturbances in mild cognitive impairment and dementing disorders: a multicenter Italian clinical cross-sectional study on 431 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep disturbances are common in the elderly and in persons with cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to describe frequency and characteristics of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing, REM behavior disorder and restless legs syndrome in a large cohort of persons with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  431 consecutive patients were enrolled in 10 Italian neurological centers: 204 had Alzheimer's disease, 138 mild cognitive impairment, 43 vascular dementia, 25 frontotemporal dementia and 21 Lewy body dementia or Parkinson's disease dementia. Sleep disorders were investigated with a battery of standardized questions and questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 60% of persons had one or more sleep disturbances almost invariably associated one to another without any evident and specific pattern of co-occurrence. Persons with Alzheimer's disease and those with mild cognitive impairment had the same frequency of any sleep disorder. Sleep-disordered breathing was more frequent in vascular dementia. REM behavior disorder was more represented in Lewy body or Parkinson's disease dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A careful clinical evaluation of sleep disorders should be performed routinely in the clinical setting of persons with cognitive decline. Instrumental supports should be used only in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Center of Sleep Medicine, Villa Serena Hospital, Città S. Angelo, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guarnieri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adorni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musicco
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Appollonio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonanni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caffarra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caltagirone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cerroni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Concari
authors.forename: F I I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fermi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gelosa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazzei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mearelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morrone
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murri
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Passero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sucapane
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tognoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zabberoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorbi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017286:Polysomnography; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology