title: Multicolor flow cytometry for evaluation of platelet surface antigens and activation markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flow cytometry allows the analysis of multiple antigens in a single tube at a single cell level. We present a rapid and sensitive two tube flow cytometric protocol for the detection of multiple platelet antigens and activation markers gated on a pure platelet population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of platelet specific antigens was analyzed in citrated whole blood of normal platelets and from patients diagnosed with platelet abnormalities. Quiescent platelets as well as stimulated platelets were analyzed using a gating strategy based on ubiquitously expressed platelet membrane markers. A ubiquitously expressed platelet marker was combined with antibodies against the activated alpha2b-beta3 (PAC-1), Lysosomal Activated Membrane Protein (CD63) and P-selectin (CD62P).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to detect the platelet antigens CD36, CD41, CD42a, CD42b and CD61 in one single tube. Our approach allowed the single tube determination of PAC-1, CD63 and CD62P after activation of platelets by thrombin, collagen, ADP and PAR-1, and determination of platelet abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our two tube multi-parameter screening protocol is suited for the analysis of platelet antigens expressed on quiescent and activated platelets and allows the detection of aberrancies as found in blood of patients with thrombocytopathy such as Glanzmann Thrombasthenia, storage pool disease with diminished granule content and patients treated with clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.vanvelzen@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Jeroen F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: van Velzen
authors.forename: Britta A P
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Laros-van Gorkom
authors.forename: Gheorghe A M
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.forename: Waander L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: van Heerde
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D013915:Thrombasthenia / Q000276:immunology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000276:immunology; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin