title: Protein kinase C βII in diabetic complications: survey of structural, biological and computational studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PKC-βII is a conventional isoform of PKC. It is overexpressed in hyperglycemic conditions and is known to trigger various diabetic complications, mainly cardiovascular complications and to a certain extent nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy etc. Selective inhibition of this enzyme will be one of the favorable approaches to treat diabetes-mellitus-related complications. Due to high sequence similarities among PKC isoforms, selective inhibition of PKC-βII is difficult and yet to be achieved successfully.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review discusses the studies carried out in various aspects of PKC-βII. The biological aspects, crystal structure data, structure–activity relationship study (SAR) and in silico studies related to PKC-βII such as homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies and pharmacophore modeling etc. are summarized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PKC-βII is a potential target for treating diabetes-related complications. Selective inhibitors of this enzyme are under clinical trials but to date, success has not been achieved. Thus, extensive research is essential in this direction; the contribution of in silico tools in designing and optimizing selective inhibitors of PKC-βII is valuable.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacoinformatics, Punjab, India. mesophia@niper.ac.in
authors.forename: M Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sobhia
authors.forename: Baljinder K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Shishir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohit
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Punia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta