title: Chemical analysis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of anthocyanin-rich red leaf tea (cv. Sunrouge).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of leaf order or crop season on anthocyanins and other chemicals in the anthocyanin-rich tea cultivar 'Sunrouge' (Camellia sinensis x C. taliensis) by using high-performance liquid chromatography, and to study the effect of 'Sunrouge' extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total anthocyanin content was higher in the third (3.09 mg g⁻¹) than in the second (2.24 mg g⁻¹) or first crop season (1.79 mg g⁻¹). The amount of anthocyanins contained in the stem was high (1.61 mg g⁻¹). In the third crop season, the concentrations of delphinidin-3-O-β-D-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl)galactopyranoside (DCGa), cyanidin-3-O-β-D-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl)galactopyranoside, delphinidin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, delphinidin-3-O-β-D-(6-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)galactopyranoside, cyanidin-3-O-β-D-galactoside, and delphinidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside were 1.57 mg g⁻¹, 0.52 mg g⁻¹, 0.40 mg g⁻¹, 0.22 mg g⁻¹, 0.14 mg g⁻¹, and 0.11 mg g⁻¹, respectively. DCGa accounted for about 50% of the anthocyanins present. The suppressive effect of 'Sunrouge' water extract on AChE activity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells was the strongest among the three tea cultivars ('Sunrouge', 'Yabukita' and 'Benifuuki').
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that 'Sunrouge' might protect humans from humans from AChE-related diseases by suppressing AChE activity. To obtain sufficient amounts of anthocyanins, catechins and/or caffeine for a functional food material, 'Sunrouge' from the third crop season should be used.
authors.affiliation: NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Shizuoka, Makurazaki, Kagoshima, Japan. marimy@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda-Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nesumi
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ema
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monobe
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tachibana
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D055808:Drug Discovery; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010858:Pigmentation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006027:Glycosides; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; C548244:ACHE protein, human; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase