title: Gender differences in work-related risk factors associated with low back symptoms.
abstract: The prevalence of low back symptoms (LBS) in many working populations is high and differences in prevalence between genders are inconsistent. However, gender-specific risk factors for LBS have seldom been examined. Hence, the aim of the present study was to indicate gender-specific LBS risk factors. A sample of 3003 people was interviewed by telephone to get information about current workplace exposure and LBS. The risk of LBS for the whole population increased with work in awkward/tiring positions (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12-1.68) and very/extremely stressful jobs (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.03). None of the explanatory variables were significantly associated with LBS for males but working in awkward/tiring positions (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.20), dissatisfaction with contact and cooperation with management (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02-2.78) and finding their job to be very/extremely stressful (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.46-3.52) were significantly associated with LBS for females. Interventions to reduce LBS in workplaces should focus on reducing working in awkward/tiring positions, improving contact and cooperation with management, and reducing stressful jobs, especially amongst females.
  Strategies to prevent or reduce LBS should focus on reducing exposure to awkward or tiring positions at work, improving contact and cooperation with management, and reducing stressful jobs, especially for females.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ergonomics, Occupational Safety and Health, School of Management, College of Business, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. baiduri@ui.ac.id
authors.forename: Baiduri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Widanarko
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Legg
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: 't Mannetje
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult