title: Magnetic nonuniformity and thermal hysteresis of magnetism in a manganite thin film.
abstract: We measured the chemical and magnetic depth profiles of a single crystalline (La(1-x)Pr(x))(1-y)Ca(y)MnO(3-δ) (x=0.52±0.05, y=0.23±0.04, δ=0.14±0.10) film grown on a NdGaO(3) substrate using x-ray reflectometry, electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and polarized neutron reflectometry. Our data indicate that the film exhibits coexistence of different magnetic phases as a function of depth. The magnetic depth profile is correlated with a variation of chemical composition with depth. The thermal hysteresis of ferromagnetic order in the film suggests a first-order ferromagnetic transition at low temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Surendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fitzsimmons
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lookman
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Roldan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varela