title: Induction of type I interferon by high-molecular poly-γ-glutamate protects B6.A2G-Mx1 mice against influenza A virus.
abstract: In addition to development of vaccines and synthetic antiviral drugs, recent studies have advocated the use of natural substances that inhibit or prevent viral infections. High-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamate (HM-γ-PGA) produced by Bacillus subtilis chungkookjang was evaluated for anti-influenza virus activity. HM-γ-PGA induced type I interferons (IFNs), which in turn stimulated expression of Myxovirus resistant 1 protein and IFN-related proteins in vitro. In the B6.A2G-Mx1 mouse model, which mimics the innate immune system of humans, treatment with HM-γ-PGA enhanced the antiviral state of mice and protected them against highly pathogenic influenza A virus. Naturally synthesized HM-γ-PGA has potent anti-influenza activity and may be a useful means for control of influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jie-Yeun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Melbourne R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Talactac
authors.forename: Mohammed Y E
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Haryoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poo
authors.forename: Moon-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Ji-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Chul-Joong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008970:Molecular Weight; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007370:Interferon Type I; C579070:Mx1 protein, mouse; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins