title: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with hypoglycemia: inverted takotsubo contractile pattern.
abstract: Classic takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by transient dysfunction of the apical portion of the left ventricle with hyperkinesis of the other parts of the heart wall. Recently, wall motion abnormalities in parts other than in the apical portion of the heart have been reported. Inverted TCM is one form of these anomalies. In this form, the basal segments rather than the apical part of the heart are akinetic/dyskinetic, and the apex is hyperdynamic. Emotional or physical stress is known to trigger TCM, leading some authors to call TCM stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SC). Hypoglycemia is regarded as one of the physical stresses that cause TCM/SC. We present a case of inverted TCM/SC with hypoglycemia. In this case, a 60-year-old woman was brought to our hospital with loss of consciousness caused by hypoglycemia. Initially, the echocardiography revealed an inverted takotsubo contractile pattern. The patient was stabilized with continuous intravenous fluids and a glucose injection, whereas the echocardiography on day 4 showed an almost normal contractile pattern. Among the case reports regarding hypoglycemia as a preceding stressor of TCM/SC, a case of inverted TCM/SC with hypoglycemia is rare. Hypoglycemia is a relatively common case in emergency department; however wall motion abnormalities are not usually expected in hypoglycemic patients. Thus, undiagnosed self-limited TCM/SC cases are possible among hypoglycemic patients. TCM/SC is reported to be a cause of torsade de pointes, which can be fatal. This might warrant an echocardiogram for hypoglycemic patients so as not to overlook TCM/SC in the emergency department.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Ebetsu City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan. shun_5@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shungo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Rikiya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shinohe
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology