title: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: There is currently no consensus on the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the pathogenic process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, a retrospective study was performed to explore the association between HPV infection and ESCC, where 225 patients with diagnosed ESCC and 224 matched controls were enrolled in the study and stratified according to smoking and alcohol consumption. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine seropositivity to HPV by the detection of either IgG or IgM anti-HPV antibodies. In the non-smoking and non-alcohol-consuming subgroup, the incidence of ESCC of HPV seropositive subjects was similar with that of HPV seronegative subjects (P= 0.737, odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-2.40). However, in the smoking subgroup, there was a significant difference in the incidence of ESCC between HPV seropositive subjects and HPV seronegative subjects (P= 0.009, OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.22-4.04). In addition, there was a significantly higher association of the development of ESCC in HPV seropositive patients that smoke and drink than those that do not (P < 0.001, OR 10.31, 95% CI 4.04-26.29). Therefore, HPV infection is not an independent risk factor for developing ESCC in the non-smoking and non-alcohol-consuming group. For smokers, however, HPV infection increases the risk of the incidence of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Oncology General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology