title: Immediate placement and provisionalization of single-tooth implants involving a definitive individual abutment: a clinical and radiographic retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess with a mean follow-up period of 33 months (median: 31 month, range: 11-89 month) the treatment outcome after immediate placement and provisionalization of single-tooth oral implants involving a definitive individual abutment and a provisional crown followed by later placement of a definitive crown.
  
  
  METHODS
  68 patients with 68 single-tooth implants in the esthetic zone were consecutively treated; 55 of these patients were included in the study. The treatment involved tooth extraction, implant placement, placement of a definitive individual abutment, and a provisional crown in the same visit in private practice. The definitive crown was placed after a mean period of 7 months. The primary outcome measures included implant survival, definitive implant crown survival, and overall treatment survival. The secondary outcome measures included probing depth, bleeding on probing, peri-implant marginal bone level, marginal bone level of the neighboring tooth surfaces, biological complications, and technical complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the inserted implants 98% survived and of the definitive crowns mounted a survival of 100% was observed. Consequently, the overall treatment survival was 98%. The mean probing depth was 2.9 mm at implant level and 63% of the implants were characterized by no bleeding on probing. The mean peri-implant marginal bone level was 2 mm. A significant mean peri-implant marginal bone level gain of 0.5 mm was observed from implant placement to the follow-up (95% CI: 0.07-0.89 mm, P = 0.022). No significant changes of the marginal bone level at the neighboring tooth surfaces were seen. Four episodes of peri-implant inflammation were identified in three patients, while 46 incidents of loosening of the provisional crown occurred in 33 patients. One abutment screw loosened before placement of the definitive crown. Finally, loosening of four definitive crowns occurred in four patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate placement and provisionalization of single-tooth oral implants involving a definitive individual abutment and a provisional crown followed by later placement of a definitive crown were characterized by high survival of the implant crowns and implants as well as healthy peri-implant tissues, after a mean follow-up period of 33 months. Loss of retention of the provisional crown occurred frequently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. jens.hartlev@odontologi.au.dk
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartlev
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kohberg
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahlmann
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gotfredsen
authors.forename: Niels Trolle
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isidor
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D015996:Survival Rate; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D016896:Treatment Outcome