title: The effect of exposure route on the distribution and excretion of hexachloronaphthalene in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), like other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are widespread, global environmental contaminants. These compounds still represent a great environmental problem, mostly because of the risk of secondary air pollution. They are characterized by long durability and tendency to bioaccumulate, which means that they are practically ubiquitous in all environmental media and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and excretion of hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) in rats following a single intraperitoneal or intragastrical administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were performed on male outbred Wistar rats with body weight of 220-240 g. They were given [(14)C]-HxCN intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intragastrically (p.o.) in a single dose of 0.3 mg (150 kBq) per rat. The distribution of radioactivity in blood and selected organs or tissues, as well as urine and faeces excretion were traced following the administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decline of [(14)C]-HxCN in plasma was biphasic and the calculated half-lives for phases I and II were ~6 and 350 h, respectively. Following 120 h after administration, ~51% (intragastrical) and ~34% (intraperitoneal) of the dose were excreted with faeces. Regardless of the administration route, the highest HxCN concentrations were found in liver and adipose tissue, where the compound showed high retention: the highest retention in liver was found 24 h after intragastrical (32%) and intraperitoneal (38%) administration while in adipose tissue ~30% retention was observed 120 h after HxCN administration regardless of its route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following the calculation of the balance of total [(14)C]-HxCN excreted and stored, it was found that hexachloronaphthalene belongs to the compounds of a slow turnover rate, and in the case of repeated exposure it may accumulate in the rat body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Łódź, Poland. anna.kilanowicz@umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilanowicz
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daragó
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009281:Naphthalenes; C049022:1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloronaphthalene