title: Facial dimensions of Malay children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate: a three dimensional analysis.
abstract: This comparative cross-sectional study assessed the facial surface dimensions of a group of Malay children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compared them with a control group. 30 Malay children with UCLP aged 8-10 years and 30 unaffected age-matched children were voluntarily recruited from the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). For the cleft group, lip and palate were repaired and assessment was performed prior to alveolar bone grafting and orthodontic treatment. The investigation was carried out using 3D digital stereophotogrammetry. 23 variables and two ratios were compared three-dimensionally between both groups. Statistically significant dimensional differences (P<0.05) were found between the UCLP Malay group and the control group mainly in the nasolabial region. These include increased alar base and alar base root width, shorter upper lip length, and increased nose base/mouth width ratio in the UCLP group. There were significant differences between the facial surface morphology of UCLP Malay children and control subjects. Particular surgical procedures performed during primary surgeries may contribute to these differences and negatively affect the surgical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zreaqat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Halim
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004431:Ear, External / Q000473:pathology; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000473:pathology; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000473:pathology; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D015050:Zygoma / Q000473:pathology