title: Accessibility, standards and challenges of electroconvulsive therapy in Western industrialized countries: a German example.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to document the present situation of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Germany, compare its handling with regard to other industrialized countries and with regard to a survey 12 years ago.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire on the frequency and type of administration of ECT in 2008 was sent electronically to 423 psychiatric hospitals. As needed, up to five reminders were carried out by telephone. On this occasion, the question of whether ECT is administered, could be clarified for each hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 43% (183/423) of hospitals declared to administer ECT; 63% (115/183) reported nearly 20,000 treatments. A total incidence of 30,000 treatments performed on 2800 individual patients was estimated. This means that 3.4 patients per 10(5) inhabitants, 0.4‰ of all depressed patients, and about 1% of depressed inpatients, are treated with ECT in Germany.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of application has increased during the last 12 years by a factor of more than 2.5 in Germany. In Western industrialized countries, numbers vary by a factor of more than 10 amongst the countries with a slow trend of equalization. The mode of implementation and the areas of conflict in which the therapy stands seem to be similar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nickl-Jockschat
authors.forename: Abigail Jane
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sheldrick
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grözinger
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires