title: Transport of the coumarin metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide is mediated via multidrug resistance-associated proteins 3 and 4.
abstract: Coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) is a natural compound that has been used as a fragrance in the food and perfume industry and could have therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of lymphedema and different types of cancer. Several previous pharmacokinetic studies of coumarin have been performed in humans, which revealed extensive first-pass metabolism of the compound. 7-Hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) and its glucuronide (7-HC-G) are the main metabolites formed in humans, and via this route, 80 to 90% of the absorbed coumarin is excreted into urine, mainly as 7-HC-G. Active transport processes play a role in the urinary excretion of 7-HC-G; however, until now, the transporters involved remained to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether the efflux transporters multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP)1-4, breast cancer resistance protein, or P-glycoprotein play a role in 7-HC and 7-HC-G transport. For this purpose, we measured uptake of the metabolites into membrane vesicles overexpressing these transporters. Our results showed that 7-HC is not transported by any of the efflux transporters tested, whereas 7-HC-G was a substrate of MRP3 and MRP4. These results are in line with the pharmacokinetic profile of coumarin and suggest that MRP3 and MRP4 are the main transporters involved in the excretion of the coumarin metabolite 7-HC-G from liver and kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hanneke G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Wittgen
authors.forename: Jeroen J M W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: Petra H H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: van den Broek
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siissalo
authors.forename: Geny M M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Groothuis
authors.forename: Inge A M
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Jan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Koenderink
authors.forename: Frans G M
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Russel
mesh_terms: D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D003374:Coumarins / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D014468:Umbelliferones; C073492:ABCC4 protein, human; C114462:multidrug resistance-associated protein 3; C039928:7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide; C030123:coumarin