title: Miniature amperometric self-powered continuous glucose sensor with linear response.
abstract: Continuous glucose measurement has improved the treatment of type 1 diabetes and is typically provided by externally powered transcutaneous amperometric sensors. Self-powered glucose sensors (SPGSs) could provide an improvement over these conventionally powered devices, especially for fully implanted long-term applications where implanted power sources are problematic. Toward this end, we describe a robust SPGS that may be built from four simple components: (1) a low-potential, wired glucose oxidase anode; (2) a Pt/C cathode; (3) an overlying glucose flux-limiting membrane; and (4) a resistor bridging the anode and cathode. In vitro evaluation showed that the sensor output is linear over physiologic glucose concentrations (2-30 mM), even at low O(2) concentrations. Output was independent of the connecting resistor values over the range from 0 to 10 MΩ. The output was also stable over 60 days of continuous in vitro operation at 37 °C in 30 mM glucose. A 5-day trial in a volunteer demonstrated that the performance of the device was virtually identical to that of a conventional amperometric sensor. Thus, this SPGS is an attractive alternative to conventionally powered devices, especially for fully implanted long-term applications.
authors.affiliation: Abbott Diabetes Care, 1380 South Loop Road, Alameda, California 94502, USA.
authors.forename: Zenghe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tianmei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D055616:Microtechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C019535:poly(4-vinylpyridine); D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose