title: Postoperative chemoradiotherapy for gallbladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this work was to analyze the outcome of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with gallbladder cancer who underwent surgical resection and to identify the prognostic factors for these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 1989 and November 2006, 47 patients with gallbladder cancer underwent surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. There were 21 males and 26 females, and median age was 60 years (range 44-75 years). Postoperative radiotherapy was delivered to the tumor bed and regional lymph nodes up to 40-50 Gy at 2 Gy/fraction; 41 patients also received intravenous 5-fluorouracil as a radiosensitizer. Median follow-up duration was 48 months for survivors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 2 isolated locoregional recurrences, 14 isolated distant metastases, and 7 combined locoregional and distant relapses. The 5-year overall survival rate was 43.7%. According to the extent of resection, the 5-year overall survival rates were 52.8%, 20.0%, and 0% in R0-, R1-, and R2-resected patients, respectively (p = 0.0038). On multivariate analysis incorporating extent of resection, T stage, N stage, performance of lymph node dissection, and histologic differentiation, extent of resection was the only prognostic factor associated with overall survival (p = 0.0075). Among the 37 patients with R0 resection, there was no difference of 5-year overall survival rates in patients with N0, N1, and Nx diseases (46.2%, 60.0%, and 44.4%, respectively, p = 0.6246). As for significant treatment-related morbidity, there was only 1 patient with grade 4 gastric ulcer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after R0 resection can achieve a good long-term survival rate in gallbladder cancer patients, even in those with lymph node metastases, and may play a role for patients who underwent R0 resection of primary tumor without lymph node dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-744, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chie
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: D-Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: S-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: T-Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D005472:Fluorouracil