title: Decontamination of clothing and building materials associated with the clandestine production of methamphetamine.
abstract: This study was designed to determine how easily methamphetamine can be removed from clothing and building materials, utilizing different cleaning materials and methods. The study also addressed the penetration of methamphetamine into drywall and the ability of paints to encapsulate the methamphetamine on drywall. Clothing and building materials were contaminated in a stainless steel chamber by aerosolizing methamphetamine in a beaker heater. The amount of methamphetamine surface contamination was determined by sampling a grid pattern on the material prior to attempting to clean the materials. After cleaning, the materials were again sampled, and the degree of decontamination noted. We found that household clothing and response gear worn by first responders was easily decontaminated using a household detergent in a household washing machine. A single wash removed over 95% of the methamphetamine from these materials. The study also indicated that methamphetamine-contaminated, smooth non-porous surfaces can be easily cleaned to below detectable levels using only mild cleaners. More porous surfaces such as plywood and drywall were unlikely to be decontaminated to below regulatory levels even with three washes using a mild cleaner. This may be due to methamphetamine penetration into the paint on these surfaces. Evaluation of methamphetamine contamination on drywall indicated that approximately 40% of the methamphetamine was removed using a wipe, while another 60% remained in the paint layer. Stronger cleaners such as those with active ingredients including sodium hypochlorite or quaternary ammonia and commercial decontamination agents were more effective than mild detergent-based cleaners and may reduce methamphetamine contamination to below regulatory levels. Results from the encapsulation studies indicate that sprayed on oil-based paint will encapsulate methamphetamine on drywall and plywood surfaces up to 4.5 months, while latex paints were less effective.
authors.affiliation: National Jewish Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
authors.forename: Kate A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Martyny
authors.forename: Shalece
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kofford
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Mike V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
mesh_terms: D003020:Clothing; D003252:Construction Materials; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D003902:Detergents; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D010150:Paint; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D008694:Methamphetamine