title: Failure of setting of mineral trioxide aggregate in the presence of fetal bovine serum and its prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on the setting of 2 white mineral trioxide aggregates (MTAs) and to determine if calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) alters the setting behavior of both MTAs under this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types of MTA cements (ProRoot MTA [Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK] and MTA-Angelus [Angelus Dental Solutions, Londrina, Brazil]) were mixed with either distilled water (DW) or 10% CaCl(2) solution. Mixed MTA was placed in a polyethylene mold, and each mold was then placed in saline or FBS-soaked Oasis. After storing for 4 days, the MTA samples were removed from the molds, and the microhardness was independently measured at 3 different levels: 0.5 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm away from the bottom in contact with the immersion solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the samples mixed with DW and exposed to FBS for 4 days had set at the 0.5-mm and 2-mm levels. CaCl(2) was effective in reducing (the 0.5-mm level) or eliminating (the 2- and 4-mm levels) the adverse effect of FBS. The groups with short-term exposure to FBS had the same surface microhardness as the groups stored in saline-soaked Oasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA did not set when the mixed MTA was exposed to FBS for 4 days. In these cases, 10% CaCl(2) helped the setting of MTA, and the effect was more pronounced in ProRoot MTA than in MTA-Angelus. In contrast, short-term exposure to FBS had minimal or no detrimental effects on the setting behaviors of both MTAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yuran
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sinyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoo Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Il-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seung Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006244:Hardness; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; C475480:MTA-Angelus; D010087:Oxides; D011758:Pyrroles; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C118676:poly(divinyl-co-N-vinylpyrrolidinone); D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D001729:Bismuth