title: Antimicrobial effects of nanofiber poly(caprolactone) tissue scaffolds releasing rifampicin.
abstract: This study quantified the antibiotic release kinetics and subsequent bactericidal efficacy of rifampicin (RIF) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under in vitro static conditions. Antibiotic-loaded scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning poly(caprolactone) (PCL) with 10% or 20% (w/w) RIF. Scaffold fiber diameter and RIF loading were characterized, and RIF release kinetics were measured. RIF-releasing and RIF-free scaffolds were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the suspended concentration live and dead bacteria were determined by fluorescent microscopy. Adherent bacteria and biofilm formation were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Mean fiber diameters were 557 ± 399 nm for RIF-free, 402 ± 225 nm for 10% RIF, and 665 ± 402 nm for 20% RIF scaffolds. RIF release kinetics exhibited a short-burst release during the first hour, followed by a 7 h, zero-order release during which both RIF scaffolds released ~50% of their initial RIF mass loading. P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis suspended cell populations proliferated in accordance with logarithmic growth models when exposed to control scaffolds; however both RIF-containing scaffolds completely inhibited bacterial growth in suspension and, subsequently, prevented biofilm formation within the scaffolds through the first 6 h.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1376, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ruckh
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Floreani
authors.forename: Derek A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Krasimira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikhova
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bryers
authors.forename: Ketul C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Popat
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D012293:Rifampin