title: ΑB-crystallin in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: tumor progression and prognostic significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  AlphaB-crystallin (αB-crystallin), a small heat shock protein, has been reported to be involved in the growth, antiapoptosis, migration, and chemoresistance of human malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  αB-crystallin expression in normal renal and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues was examined with two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis assays. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine the presence of αB-crystallin-positive tumor cells and staining intensity in 50 cases of ccRCC tissue samples. The association of αB-crystallin protein expression, clinicopathogic parameters and prognosis of ccRCC patients was also analyzed with Student's t-test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Moreover, Western blot assays were performed to detect the protein expression of αB-crystallin in normal and tumor tissues and the alteration of cell cycle regulators in αB-crystallin-overexpressing cells. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), BrdU, and transwell assays were performed to demonstrate the effects of αB-crystallin overexpression on cell growth, DNA synthesis and cell migration of ccRCC cells, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed the up-regulation of αB-crystallin expression in ccRCC tissues. Overall survival of ccRCC patients was significantly correlated with αB-crystallin expression in tumor tissues. We found that αB-crystallin overexpression increased the expression of cyclin A and the incorporation of BrdU, which may be related to the enhancement of cell growth. Transwell analyses demonstrated that presence of αB-crystallin overexpression enhanced cell migration in ccRCC cells. Furthermore, rapamycin-resistance of tumor cells was induced when αB-crystallin was overexpressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experimental findings highlight the importance of αB-crystallin in the tumor growth, migration, and target therapy-resistance of ccRCC cells.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chueh
authors.forename: Shyh-Horng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Shuo-Meng
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Chou
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: I-Liang
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hsiang-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Ming-Kuen
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019925:Cyclin A; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain; D020123:Sirolimus