title: Analysis of biomarkers characteristic of porcine liver injury--from biomolecular logic gates to an animal model.
abstract: A biocatalytic cascade for the analysis of the simultaneous increase in the concentration of two biomarkers characteristic of liver injury (alanine transaminase, ALT, and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) was tested on real samples acquired from an animal model (domestic pigs, Sus scrofa domesticus) suffering from traumatic liver injury. A two-step reaction biocatalyzed in the presence of both enzyme-biomarkers resulted in the oxidation of NADH followed by optical absorbance measurements. A simple qualitative, YES/NO, test allowed for distinction between animals with and without the presence of liver injury with the probability of 92%. These data represent the first demonstration of applying binary logic systems for the analysis of real biomedical samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halámková
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halámek
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bocharova
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Kristine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Mulier
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beilman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Evgeny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055162:Biocatalysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011336:Probability; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009243:NAD