title: An update on the screening, diagnosis, management, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with cystic fibrosis: evidence-based recommendations from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to develop evidence-based clinical care guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, management, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  The guidelines committee was comprised of physicians, registered dietitians, a pharmacist, a nurse, a parent of an individual with CF, and a health scientist, all with experience in CF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Committee members developed questions specific to vitamin D health in individuals with CF. Systematic reviews were completed for each question. The committee reviewed and graded the available evidence and developed evidence-based recommendations and consensus recommendations when insufficient evidence was available. Each consensus recommendation was voted upon by an anonymous process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency is common in CF. Given the limited evidence specific to CF, the committee provided consensus recommendations for most of the recommendations. The committee recommends yearly screening for vitamin D status, preferably at the end of winter, using the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement, with a minimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 30 ng/ml (75 nmol/liter) considered vitamin D sufficient in individuals with CF. Recommendations for age-specific vitamin D intake for all individuals with CF, form of vitamin D, and a stepwise approach to increase vitamin D intake when optimal vitamin D status is not achieved are delineated.
authors.affiliation: Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tangpricha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maguiness
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Enders
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Borowitz
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D012621:Seasons; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol