title: Analysis of the cytokine profiles of the synovial fluid in a normal temporomandibular joint: preliminary study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the cytokine profiles of the synovial fluid from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces of normal individuals and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Thirty-four patients with planned orthognathic surgery did not present abnormalities of the TMJ on magnetic resonance images and radiographs and did not show the symptoms identified by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC-TMD); as a result, they were assigned to the control group. Twenty-two patients who sought treatment for TMD during the same period were assigned to the TMD group. Synovial fluid was collected from superior TMJ spaces, and cytokine expression was analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significant differences were tested using Fisher's exact test (p<0.05). Granulocyte Macrophage Colony stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), interferon (INF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected in the TMD group, whereas no cytokines were detected in the control group. The most prevalent cytokines in the TMD group were IL-1β, IL-6 and GM-CSF. IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in either the TMD group or in the control group. None of the cytokines that were detected in patients with TMD were found in the articular spaces of normal individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su-Gwan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bum-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Pil-Young
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Ji-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jong-Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sook-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000379:methods; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000378:metabolism*; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor