title: Hemiazygos vein "steal hypoxic-syndrome" after hemi-Fontan operation: comprehensive four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance visualisation.
abstract: A 2-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and previous hemi-Fontan palliation surgery was referred for cardiovascular magnetic resonance evaluation because of progressive cyanosis. This case report illustrates the advantages of non-invasive four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging for comprehensive identification and quantification of venovenous collaterals in patients with palliated hemi-Fontan staged surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, The National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. isra.valverde@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Aarthi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravishankar
authors.forename: Aarthi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razishankar
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Razavi
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D058327:Norwood Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014680:Veins / Q000503:physiopathology