title: Imaging features of bone metastases in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and imaging features of bone metastases in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 190 patients with pathologically proven GISTs were reviewed, and patients with bone metastases were identified. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were examined for features of bone metastases, and findings were correlated with the results of positron-emission tomography (PET) and histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 190 GIST patients, six (3.2%) had bone metastases: four patients had multiple bone metastases, and two patients had a solitary metastasis. The maximum diameter of the metastases ranged from 2 to 40 mm, and they most commonly involved the vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bones, and femurs. All lesions were well-marginated and lytic. A soft tissue component was identified in three patients. The bone metastases showed intense fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. After treatment with imatinib mesylate in three patients, the bone metastases developed peripheral sclerosis on CT and became less FDG-avid on PET. All six primary tumors were morphologically high-grade with high mitotic rates and necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone metastases from GISTs are uncommon; when detected with CT, they are characterized by single or multiple lytic lesions with or without soft tissue involvement. A sclerotic rim may appear around the metastatic lesions in response to treatment. Similar to the disease in other sites, bone metastases show intense FDG uptake, which decreases following treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Anupma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jati
authors.forename: Servet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatlı
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Demetri
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van den Abbele
authors.forename: Stuart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome