title: Toxicity of cultured bullseye puffer fish Sphoeroides annulatus.
abstract: The toxin content in various life cycle stages of tank-cultivated bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) were analyzed by mouse bioassay and ESI-MS spectrometry analysis. The presence of toxin content was determined in extracts of sperm, eggs, embryo, larvae, post-larvae, juvenile, pre-adult, and adult fish, as well as in food items used during the cultivation of the species. Our findings show that only the muscle of juveniles, the viscera of pre-adults, and muscle, liver, and gonad of adult specimens were slightly toxic (<1 mouse unit). Thus, cultivated S. annulatus, as occurs with other cultivated puffer fish species, does not represent a food safety risk to consumers. This is the first report of toxin analysis covering the complete life stages of a puffer fish under controlled conditions.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico.|Investigacion para la Conservacion y el Desarrollo (INCODE), Andador 2, 245. Col. Banobras. La Paz, B.C.S. 23080, Mexico.
authors.forename: Erick J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nuñez-Vazquez
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.|Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD), Unidad Mazatlan. Apdo. Postal 711, C.P. 82010. Mazatlan, Sinaloa 82010, Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico.
authors.forename: Angel I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Campa-Cordova
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD), Unidad Mazatlan. Apdo. Postal 711, C.P. 82010. Mazatlan, Sinaloa 82010, Mexico.
authors.forename: Isabel Abdo
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: De la Parra
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibarra-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Investigacion para la Conservacion y el Desarrollo (INCODE), Andador 2, 245. Col. Banobras. La Paz, B.C.S. 23080, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heredia-Tapia
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ochoa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001681:Biological Assay; D005260:Female; D059022:Food Safety; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D017747:Seafood / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D023721:Tetraodontiformes / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D013779:Tetrodotoxin