title: A comparison of midazolam and clonidine as an oral premedication in pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) versus oral clonidine (4 μg/kg) as a premedication in pediatric patients aged between 2-12 years with regard to sedation and anxiolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty pediatric patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II between the age group of 2-12 years scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated to receive either oral midazolam (group I) 30 min before induction or oral clonidine (group II) 90 min before induction of anesthesia. The children were evaluated for levels of sedation and anxiety at the time of separation from the parents, venepuncture, and at the time of mask application for induction of anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After premedication, the percentage of children who were sedated and calm increased in both the groups. The overall level of sedation was better in the children in the clonidine group, but children in the midazolam group had a greater degree of anxiolysis at times of venepuncture and mask application. In addition, midazolam did not cause significant changes in hemodynamics unlike clonidine where a significant fall in blood pressure was noted, after premedication, but preinduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that under the conditions of the study, oral midazolam is superior to clonidine as an anxiolytic in pediatric population. Clonidine with its sedative action especially at the time of separation from parents along with its other perioperative benefits cannot be discounted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sequeira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trevor
authors.forename: Madhusudan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Upadya
authors.forename: Chandni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Manpreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaur