title: Postoperative prognostic predictors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: clinical analysis and immunoprofile on tissue microarrays.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) metastasize even after curative resection. Our goal was to investigate the important factors affecting metastasis and overall survival (OS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 88 PDACs with R0 resection and evaluated immunohistochemical markers on tissue microarrays to assess the expression levels of the following: EGFR, amphiregulin, VEGF, p-c-met, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, CXCR3, and CXCR4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median OS in patients who had positive versus negative expression of AREG and MMP9 were 25 versus 16 months and 24 versus 13 months, respectively (P = 0.03, P = 0.006). However, the median OS in patients with positive versus negative expression of MMP2 was 22 versus 37 months (P = 0.04). Immunoprofiles also revealed that patients with positive expression of p-c-met or VEGF had significantly shorter distant metastasis-free survival. Adjuvant treatment, postoperative decrease of CA 19-9, angiolymphatic invasion, AREG, and MMP2 were independent prognostic factors affecting OS in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunoprofiles revealed the groups with unfavorable tumor biology: negative expression of AREG and positive expression of MMP2. Also, high immunoreactivity of p-c-met or VEGF seemed to be associated with early distant organ metastasis in R0 resected PDACs; however, they still need to be further investigated. These results may give us useful insights in understanding the tumor biology and the patterns of PDAC dissemination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. mdsophie@gmail.com
authors.forename: Joo Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Min A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Kon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Yong Bum
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Sun-Whe
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho-Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Gyeong Hoon
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Haeryoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Hyeok
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yong-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor