title: Unusual insertion and deletion at codon 67 and 69 of HIV type 1 subtype C reverse transcriptase among first-line highly active antiretroviral treatment-failing South Indian patients: association with other resistance mutations.
abstract: We report a high frequency of drug resistance mutations among patients with unusual insertions or deletions at the β(3)-β(4) hairpin-loop-coding region of HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase, during failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy containing only reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Chennai, India.
authors.affiliation: YRG CARE, Chennai, India. saravanan@yrgcare.org
authors.forename: Shanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: Sathasivam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivamalar
authors.forename: Selvamurthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gomathi
authors.forename: Sunil S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Nagalingeswaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.forename: Davey M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schooley
authors.forename: Suniti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Pachamuthu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D050505:Mutant Proteins; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase