title: Qualitative and quantitative late blight resistance in the potato cultivar Sarpo Mira is determined by the perception of five distinct RXLR effectors.
abstract: Potato defends against Phytophthora infestans infection by resistance (R)-gene-based qualitative resistance as well as a quantitative field resistance. R genes are renowned to be rapidly overcome by this oomycete, and potato cultivars with a decent and durable resistance to current P. infestans populations are hardly available. However, potato cultivar Sarpo Mira has retained resistance in the field over several years. We dissected the resistance of 'Sarpo Mira' in a segregating population by matching the responses to P. infestans RXLR effectors with race-specific resistance to differential strains. The resistance is based on the combination of four pyramided qualitative R genes and a quantitative R gene that was associated with field resistance. The qualitative R genes include R3a, R3b, R4, and the newly identified Rpi-Smira1. The qualitative resistances matched responses to avirulence (AVR)3a, AVR3b, AVR4, and AVRSmira1 RXLR effectors and were overcome by particular P. infestans strains. The quantitative resistance was determined to be conferred by a novel gene, Rpi-Smira2. It was only detected under field conditions and was associated with responses to the RXLR effector AvrSmira2. We foresee that effector-based resistance breeding will facilitate selecting and combining qualitative and quantitative resistances that may lead to a more durable resistance to late blight.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rietman
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bijsterbosch
authors.forename: Liliana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Heung-Ryul
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jack H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Vossen
authors.forename: Evert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Richard G F
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Sophien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamoun
authors.forename: Vivianne G A A
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Vleeshouwers
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D023281:Genomics; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D055750:Phytophthora infestans / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins