title: Corneal and retinal effects of ultraviolet-B exposure in a soft contact lens mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the lipid and DNA oxidative stress as well as corneal and retinal effects after ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure in mice, with or without silicon hydrogel soft contact lenses (SCL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight C57BL6-strain male mice were divided into four groups: group I, control group with no SCL (SCL [-]) and no UV-B exposure (UV-B [-]); group II, senofilcon A SCL (senofilcon [+]) with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]); group III, lotrafilcon A SCL (lotrafilcon [+]) with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]); and group IV, no SCL (SCL [-]), but with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]). All mice except group I received UV-B exposure for 5 days for a total dose of 2.73 J/cm(2). All mice underwent tear hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) and tear cytokine ELISA measurements, and fluorescein and rose bengal corneal staining before and after UV-B exposure. Corneal specimens underwent immunohistochemistry staining with CD45, HEL, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) antibodies and evaluation with electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All mice without SCL but exposed to UV-B developed corneal edema, ulcers, or epithelial damage compared with mice with senofilcon A SCL and exposure to UV-B. Tear HEL and cytokine levels significantly increased in mice without SCL after UV-B exposure. Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly higher number of cells positively stained for CD45, 8-OHdG, HEL, and 4-HNE in the corneas of mice without SCLs compared with those with senofilcon A after UV-B exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silicon hydrogel SCL showed corneal and retinal protective effects, owing to UV blocking properties, against oxidative stress-related membrane lipid and cellular DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Johnson & Johnson Ocular Surface and Visual Optics and Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the    Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Osama M A
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Tais Hitomi
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kazuno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000528:radiation effects; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012828:Silicones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020100:Hydrogels; D008055:Lipids; D012828:Silicones; C523196:senofilcon A; D008239:Lysine