title: Long-term multimodal imaging of tumor draining sentinel lymph nodes using mesoporous silica-based nanoprobes.
abstract: The imaging of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), the first defense against primary tumor metastasis, has been considered as an important strategy for noninvasive tracking tumor metastasis in clinics. In this study, we report the development and application of mesoporous silica-based triple-modal nanoprobes that integrate multiple functional moieties to facilitate near-infrared optical, magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. After embedding near-infrared dye ZW800, the nanoprobe was labeled with T(1) contrast agent Gd(3+) and radionuclide (64)Cu through chelating reactions. High stability and long intracellular retention time of the nanoprobes was confirmed by in vitro characterization, which facilitate long-term in vivo imaging. Longitudinal multimodal imaging was subsequently achieved to visualize tumor draining SLNs up to 3 weeks in a 4T1 tumor metastatic model. Obvious differences in uptake rate, amount of particles, and contrast between metastatic and contra-lateral sentinel lymph nodes were observed. These findings provide very helpful guidance for the design of robust multifunctional nanomaterials in SLNs' mapping and tumor metastasis diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Xinglu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Seulki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swierczewska
authors.forename: Dale O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kiesewetter
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Haokao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hak Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015335:Molecular Probes; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D016062:Porosity; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide