title: Phenolic acid composition and antioxidant properties of Malaysian honeys.
abstract: The phenolic acid and flavonoid contents of Malaysian Tualang, Gelam, and Borneo tropical honeys were compared to those of Manuka honey. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities were also quantified. All honey extracts exhibited high phenolic contents (15.21 ± 0.51- 42.23 ± 0.64 mg/kg), flavonoid contents (11.52 ± 0.27- 25.31 ± 0.37 mg/kg), FRAP values (892.15 ± 4.97- 363.38 ± 10.57 μM Fe[II]/kg), and high IC₅₀ of DPPH radical-scavenging activities (5.24 ± 0.40- 17.51 ± 0.51 mg/mL). Total of 6 phenolic acids (gallic, syringic, benzoic, trans-cinnamic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids) and 5 flavonoids (catechin, kaempferol, naringenin, luteolin, and apigenin) were identified. Among the Malaysian honey samples, Tualang honey had the highest contents of phenolics, and flavonoids, and DPPH radical-scavenging activities. We conclude that among Malaysian honey samples, Tualang honey is the richest in phenolic acids, and flavonoid compounds, which have strong free radical-scavenging activities.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moniruzzaman
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D008296:Malaysia; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols