title: Comparison between homologous human milk supplements and a commercial supplement for very low birth weight infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the methodology for the preparation of two additives derived from human milk, liquid and powdered, and to compare this composition with the commercial additive FM85®.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the preparation of the liquid and powdered supplements, 40 samples of human milk were used. Both supplements have been through three preparation phases: skimming, evaporation and lactose removal. After these phases, the liquid supplement is ready, and the powdered requires a fourth phase - lyophilization. To each sample of the liquid and powdered supplements were added, respectively, 80 mL (group I) and 100 mL (group II) of pooled banked human milk. For comparison, 20 samples of 100 mL of the pool were added to 5 g of the FM85® supplement (Nestlé) (group III). Analyses of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, osmolality and caloric content were performed, considering a significant difference p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups I, II, and III showed, respectively, the following results: protein = 1.81, 2.38 and 1.96 g/dL (p < 0.001); carbohydrates = 6.70, 7.25 and 10.06 g/dL (p = 0.006); fat = 3.75, 3.75 and 3.73 g/dL (p = 0.96); calcium = 36.92, 44.75 and 79.37 mg/dL (p = 0.001); phosphorus = 20.02, 23.28 and 56.30 mg/dL (p = 0.02); sodium = 14.32, 14.40 and 20.33 mEq/L (p = 0.143); osmolality = 391.45, 412.47 and 431.00 mOsmol/kgH(2)O (p = 0.074); and caloric content = 67.78, 72.27 and 81.65 kcal (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studied additives differ significantly from the commercial additive FM85® in some of its components, and its composition may or may not meet the quantity of nutrients suggested by the most recent recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. deboramcthomaz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Débora M C
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thomaz
authors.forename: Paula O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Serafim
authors.forename: Durval B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Palhares
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melnikov
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venhofen
authors.forename: Marcio O F
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005503:Food Additives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000145:classification; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D017784:Milk Banks; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011309:Preservation, Biological / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005503:Food Additives; D008903:Minerals