title: A single-dose cytomegalovirus-based vaccine encoding tetanus toxin fragment C induces sustained levels of protective tetanus toxin antibodies in mice.
abstract: The current commercially available vaccine used to prevent tetanus disease following infection with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani is safe and effective. However, tetanus remains a major source of mortality in developing countries. In 2008, neonatal tetanus was estimated to have caused >59,000 deaths, accounting for 1% of worldwide infant mortality, primarily in poorer nations. The cost of multiple vaccine doses administered by injection necessary to achieve protective levels of anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies is the primary reason for low vaccine coverage. Herein, we show that a novel vaccine strategy using a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccine platform induces protective levels of anti-tetanus antibodies that are durable (lasting >13 months) in mice following only a single dose. This study demonstrates the ability of a 'single-dose' CMV-based vaccine strategy to induce durable protection, and supports the potential for a tetanus vaccine based on CMV to impact the incidence of tetanus in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Parkins
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caposio
authors.forename: Neil F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Fairweather
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sesardic
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jarvis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000097:blood*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D051379:Mice; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013742:Tetanus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000992:Antitoxins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; C040635:tetanus toxin fragment C