title: Bioaccessible nutrients and bioactive components from fortified products prepared using finger millet (Eleusine coracana).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), a staple food in semi-arid parts of the world, is a rich source of nutrients and bioactive components comparable to rice and wheat but with higher fibre content. Unprocessed and processed finger millet (whole flour (WFM), sieved flour (SFM), wafers and vermicelli with altered matrices (added Fe or Zn or reduced fibre)) were analysed for chemical composition, bioaccessible Fe, Zn and Ca, in vitro digestible starch (IVSD) and protein (IVPD) and bioactive components (polyphenols and flavonoids).
  
  
  RESULTS
  WFM and SFM flours differed significantly in their composition. Sieving decreased the content of both nutrients and antinutrients in WFM but increased their digestibility/bioaccessibility. WFM products with Zn and Fe showed highest IVPD, whereas SFM products with Fe showed highest IVSD. Products with externally added Fe and Zn showed maximum bioaccessibility of Fe and Zn respectively. WFM had the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids, 4.18 and 15.85 g kg⁻¹ respectively; however, bioaccessibility was highest in SFM vermicelli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The availability of nutrients and bioactive components was influenced by both processing methods and compositional alterations of the food matrix in finger millet products, and bioaccessibility of all constituents was higher in vermicelli (wet matrix) than in wafers (dry matrix).
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India. morteza_oghbaie@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oghbaei
authors.forename: Jamuna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D031748:Eleusine / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005511:Food Handling; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005419:Flavonoids; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D010636:Phenols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D013213:Starch; D015032:Zinc