title: Immunoadjuvant activity, toxicity assays, and determination by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS of triterpenic saponins from Chenopodium quinoa seeds.
abstract: The adjuvant activity of Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) saponins on the humoral and cellular immune responses of mice subcutaneously immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) was evaluated. Two quinoa saponin fractions were obtained, FQ70 and FQ90, and 10 saponins were determined by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA alone or adjuvanted with Quil A (adjuvant control), FQ70, or FQ90. FQ70 and FQ90 significantly enhanced the amount of anti-OVA-specific antibodies in serum (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b) in immunized mice. The adjuvant effect of FQ70 was significantly greater than that of FQ90. However, delayed type hypersensitivity responses were higher in mice immunized with OVA adjuvanted with FQ90 than mice treated with FQ70. Concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide-, and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation were measured, and FQ90 significantly enhanced the Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation. The results suggested that the two quinoa saponin fractions enhanced significantly the production of humoral and cellular immune responses to OVA in mice.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. simofar@gmail.com
authors.forename: Simone G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Verza
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cibulski
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gosmann
authors.forename: Paulo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Roehe
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D012503:Saponins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D010047:Ovalbumin