title: Conjugate adaptation of smooth pursuit during monocular viewing in strabismic monkeys with exotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Humans and monkeys are able to adapt their smooth pursuit output when challenged with consistent errors in foveal/parafoveal image motion during tracking. Visual motion information from the retina is known to be necessary for guiding smooth pursuit adaptation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether retinal motion signals delivered to one eye during smooth pursuit produce adaptation in the fellow eye. We tested smooth pursuit adaptation during monocular viewing in strabismic monkeys with exotropia.
  
  
  METHODS
  To induce smooth pursuit adaptation experimentally, we used a step-ramp tracking with two different velocities (adaptation paradigm), where the target begins moving at one speed (25°/s) for first 100 ms and then changes to a lower speed (5°/s) for the remainder of the trial. Typically, 100 to 200 trials were used to adapt the smooth pursuit response. Control trials employing single speed step-ramp target motion (ramp speed = 25°/s) were used before and after adaptation paradigm to estimate adaptation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The magnitude of adaptation as calculated by percentage change was not significantly different (P = 0.53) for the viewing (mean, 40.3% ± 5.9%) and the nonviewing (mean, 39.7% ± 6.2%) eyes during monocular viewing conditions, even in cases with large angle (18°-20°) strabismus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that animals with strabismus retain the ability to produce conjugate adaptation of smooth pursuit. Therefore, we suggest that a single central representation of retinal motion information in the viewing eye drives adaptation for both eyes equally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. sono@wanprc.org
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Vallabh E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mustari
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005099:Exotropia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D015349:Vision, Monocular / Q000502:physiology*