title: Association of natural intake of dietary plant sterols with carotid intima-media thickness and blood lipids in Chinese adults: a cross-section study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies showed a moderate cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols (PS), but increased circulating PS might be atherogenic. We evaluated the associations between natural dietary intake of PS and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and serum lipids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This community-based cross-sectional study included 1160 men and 2780 women aged 31-75 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. The IMTs at the common, bifurcation and internal carotid artery segments, and fasting serum total (TC), LDL (LDLc) and HDL (HDLc) cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were determined. After adjusting for potential covariates, multivariate analysis showed a dose-dependent inverse association of total PS intake with serum TC, LDLc, non-HDLc in women (P<0.001) and in men (P<0.05). As compared to the lowest quartile of PS intake (<206 mg/d), the multivariate-adjusted means of TC, LDLc and non-HDLc in the highest quartile of PS intake (447 mg/d) decreased by 5.0%, 6.2% and 6.5% in women (P<0.005), and by 6.4%, 7.1% and 6.7% (P>0.05) in men. Although the IMTs tended to be lower with greater intake of dietary PS, only small differences in the left internal IMT between the highest and lowest groups were observed among men (-7.6%) and women (-5.1%) (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed no significant mean differences among the PS groups in HDLc, TG and IMTs at other studied sites among men and women (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater PS consumption from natural diets is associated with lower serum total, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol and with thinner left internal IMT in women and men.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Chao-gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-qiong
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yi-xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D010840:Phytosterols