title: Perceived discrimination and hypertension among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using Jackson Heart Study data, we examined whether perceived discrimination was associated with prevalent hypertension in African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination, burden of discrimination, and stress from discrimination were examined among 4939 participants aged 35 to 84 years (women = 3123; men = 1816). We estimated prevalence ratios of hypertension by discrimination, and adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hypertension was 64.0% in women and 59.7% in men. After adjustment for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, lifetime discrimination and burden of discrimination were associated with greater hypertension prevalence (prevalence ratios for highest vs lowest quartile were 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02, 1.15] and 1.09 [95% CI = 1.02,1.16] for lifetime discrimination and burden of discrimination, respectively). Associations were slightly weakened after adjustment for body mass index and behavioral factors. No associations were observed for everyday discrimination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further understanding the role of perceived discrimination in the etiology of hypertension may be beneficial in eliminating hypertension disparities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39213, USA. msims2@umc.edu
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: Ana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Diez-Roux
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Samson
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gebreab
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Marino A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Sherman A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Herman A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011287:Prejudice; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology