title: [Spanish normative studies in a young adult population (NEURONORMA young adults Project): norms for the verbal span, visuospatial span, Letter-Number Sequencing, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Verbal and visuospatial span, Letter-Number Sequencing, Trail Making Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test are frequently used in clinical practice to assess attention, executive functions and memory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, as part of the Spanish normative studies of NEURONORMA young adults Project, normative data adjusted by age and education are provided for digits, Corsi Block-Tapping Task, Letter-Number Sequencing, Trail Making Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 179 participants from 18 to 49 years old, who were cognitively normal. Tables to convert raw scores to scaled scores are provided. Age and education adjusted scores are provided by applying linear regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Education affected scores in most of the attention tests; age was found to be related to the visuospatial span and to speed of visuomotor tracking, and there was no relationship as regards sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained will be useful in the clinical evaluation of young Spanish adults.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Neurología de la Conducta y Demencias, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casals-Coll
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Benavides
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Manero
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rognoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palomo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aranciva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peña-Casanova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D013030:Spain; D014145:Trail Making Test; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult