title: High temperature-treated bovine porous hydroxyapatite in sinus augmentation procedures: a case report.
abstract: Among the graft materials that can be used clinically, xenografts are the most common. Xenografts are of bovine, porcine, or equine origin and require the complete removal of proteins to avoid immunologic problems and the risk of transmission of prions, viruses, etc. Protein destruction can be achieved by a chemical procedure using organic solvents and heat treatment. After this process, a carbonated hydroxyapatite similar to human bone remains. The aim of this case report is to investigate the bone formation in a sinus augmentation procedure using a high temperature-treated bovine porous hydroxyapatite. A 58-year-old woman underwent bilateral sinus augmentation using this biomaterial. After 9 months, during stage-two surgery, two core biopsy specimens were retrieved and treated to obtain thin ground undecalcified sections. Microscopically, newly formed bone was present at the interface with most particles. The major portion of the particles appeared to be completely lined and surrounded by bone. No obvious signs of resorption were present on the biomaterial surface. No gaps or connective tissue were present at the bone-biomaterial interface. No inflammatory infiltrate or fibrous encapsulation of the particles was present. Histomorphometry showed that the percentages of newly formed bone, residual grafted particles, and marrow spaces were 25.1% ± 2.3%, 37.3% ± 1.1%, and 38.5% ± 3.1%, respectively. The excellent properties demonstrated by Endobon are probably a result of its particular hydroxyapatite porous microstructure with a high percentage of interconnected micropores that promote the ingrowth of osteogenic cells and vessels, making graft integration easier and faster.
authors.affiliation: Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Orontology, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute, University of Milan, Italy. info@tiziano-testori.it
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Testori
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Licia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manzon
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fratto
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Roberto L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D014021:Tissue Preservation; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C104266:endobon; D017886:Durapatite