title: Assessment of the high-dose concept and level of control provided by MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean against Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetically modified MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean (Glycine max), which expresses the Cry1Ac and EPSP-synthase proteins, has been registered for commercial use in Brazil. To develop an Insect Resistance Management (IRM) program for this event, laboratory and field studies were conducted to assess the high-dose concept and level of control it provides against Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pseudoplusia includens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The purified Cry1Ac protein was more active against A. gemmatalis [LC(50) (FL 95%) = 0.23 (0.15-0.34) µg Cry1Ac mL(-1) diet] than P. includens [LC(50) (FL 95%) = 3.72 (2.65-4.86) µg Cry1Ac mL(-1) diet]. In bioassays with freeze-dried MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean tissue diluted 25 times in an artificial diet, there was 100% mortality of A. gemmatalis and up to 95.79% mortality for P. includens. In leaf-disc bioassays and under conditions of high artificial infestation in the greenhouse and natural infestation in the field, MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean showed a high level of efficacy against both target pests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean provides a high level of control against A. gemmatalis and P. includes, but a high-dose event only to A. gemmatalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. oderleibernardi@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Oderlei
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Glaucia S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Malvestiti
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dourado
authors.forename: Wladecir S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Geraldo U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Graham P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Omoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001938:Brazil; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007915:Lepidoptera; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology