title: Interleukin-8, a promising predictor for prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the value of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of IL-8 and its receptor CXCR1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients. Human pancreatic cancer tissues were heterotopically transplanted to the immune-deficiency mice to evaluate the effect of serum IL-8 on the tumorigenesis of the cancer samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-8 and CXCR1 proteins were both over-expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples (55.6% and 65.4%, respectively) compared with the matched para-cancer tissues (25.9% and 12.3%, P < 0.01), or chronic pancreatitis (0% and 25%, P < 0.05). Serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients (271.1 ± 187.7 ng/mL) were higher than in other digestive system tumors, such as gastric cancer (41.77 ± 9.11 ng/mL, P = 0.025), colorectal carcinoma (78.72 ± 80.60 ng/mL, P = 0.032) and hepatocellular carcinoma (59.60 ± 19.80 ng/mL, P = 0.016). In vivo tumorigenesis analysis further proved that tumor tissues from patients with higher serum IL-8 levels grew faster than those with lower IL-8 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-8 can be a fine serum marker for predicting the prognosis pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Guan-Zhen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ran
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016209:Interleukin-8; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A