title: Non-canonical alternatives: what a macrophage is 4.
abstract: Macrophages play pleiotropic, niche-specific roles in all tissues and organs. As immune sentinels, tissue macrophages regulate immune activation and inflammation; in turn, their function is modulated by inflammatory mediators deriving from such activation. Recent papers have established unanticipated roles for interleukin 4 and the alternative activation of tissue macrophages in the organismal response to diverse environmental stressors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. chris.karp@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D015847:Interleukin-4