title: Drug-induced alterations in Mg2+ homoeostasis.
abstract: Magnesium (Mg2+) balance is tightly regulated by the concerted actions of the intestine, bone and kidneys. This balance can be disturbed by a broad variety of drugs. Diuretics, modulators of the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), proton pump inhibitors, antimicrobials, calcineurin inhibitors and cytostatics may all cause hypomagnesaemia, potentially leading to tetany, seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. Conversely, high doses of Mg2+ salts, frequently administered as an antacid or a laxative, may lead to hypermagnesaemia causing various cardiovascular and neuromuscular abnormalities. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of these medications on Mg2+ balance will indicate ways of prevention and treatment of these adverse effects and could potentially provide more insight into Mg2+ homoeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anke L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lameris
authors.forename: Leo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monnens
authors.forename: René J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: Joost G J
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hoenderop
mesh_terms: D000863:Antacids / Q000009:adverse effects; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D008274:Magnesium