title: Physical characterization and osteogenic activity of the quaternized chitosan-loaded PMMA bone cement.
abstract: Gentamicin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), widely used for primary cemented arthroplasty and revision surgery for preventing or treating infections, may lead to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and dysfunction of osteogenic cells, which further influence the osteointegration of bone cement. In a previous study, we reported that a new quaternized chitosan derivative (hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan, HACC) that was loaded into PMMA significantly inhibited the formation of biofilms caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. In the present study, we further investigated the surface morphology, hydrophilicity, apatite formation ability and osteogenic activity of HACC-loaded PMMA. Chitosan-loaded PMMA, gentamicin-loaded PMMA and PMMA without antibiotic were also investigated and compared. The results showed that, compared to other PMMA-based cements, HACC-loaded PMMA had improved properties such as a lower polymerization temperature, prolonged setting time, porous structures after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline, higher hydrophilicity, more apatite formation on the surface after immersion in simulated body fluid, and better attachment and spreading of the human-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We also found better stem cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenesis-associated genes expression on the surface of the HACC-loaded PMMA compared to the gentamicin-loaded PMMA. Therefore, this new anti-infective bone cement had improved physical properties and osteogenic activity, which may lead to better osteointegration of the bone cement in cemented arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
authors.forename: Honglue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Shengrong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shengbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaofen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004967:Estrogens; D005839:Gentamicins; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D048271:Chitosan