title: Transcriptional integration of metabolism by the nuclear sterol-activated receptors LXR and FXR.
abstract: Nuclear receptors are integrators of hormonal and nutritional signals, mediating changes to metabolic pathways within the body. Given that modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism has been linked to diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis, a greater understanding of pathways that regulate metabolism in physiology and disease is crucial. The liver X receptors (LXRs) and the farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) are activated by oxysterols and bile acids, respectively. Mounting evidence indicates that these nuclear receptors have essential roles, not only in the regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism but also in the integration of sterol, fatty acid and glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. acalkin@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Calkin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tontonoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013261:Sterols / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013261:Sterols; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C496283:Fxr1h protein, mouse