title: We are all in this together: working towards a holistic understanding of self-harm.
abstract: Self-harm is a widespread and controversial issue in contemporary society. Statistics are based on reported incidents and therefore do not accurately reveal prevalence, as self-harm is often a hidden behaviour. This highlights the essential need for practitioners and society to work towards reducing the stigma surrounding self-harm. This paper goes some way towards understanding the impact of self-harm on individuals and communities. It begins by exploring terminologies and definitions of self-harm and discusses the importance of sensitivity in language use relating to self-harm. It continues by examining types of self-harm and subsequently presents life experiences that may contribute to the onset of self-harm. The paper elucidates the cultural, historical and religious origins of self-harm, indicating the ways in which self-harm has evolved with us as part of our humanity. Moreover, literature relating to the significance of stigma and attitudes is examined, followed by issues around psychiatric diagnoses pertaining to self-harm. The paper concludes by synthesizing literature relevant to the relationship between self-harm and suicide.
authors.affiliation: School of Communication, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, Derry, UK. m.long@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manktelow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tracey
mesh_terms: D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*