title: Endotoxin increase after fat overload is related to postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in morbidly obese patients.
abstract: The low-grade inflammation observed in obesity has been associated with a high-fat diet, though this relation is not fully understood. Bacterial endotoxin, produced by gut microbiota, may be the linking factor. However, this has not been confirmed in obese patients. To study the relationship between a high-fat diet and bacterial endotoxin, we analyzed postprandial endotoxemia in morbidly obese patients after a fat overload. The endotoxin levels were determined in serum and the chylomicron fraction at baseline and 3 h after a fat overload in 40 morbidly obese patients and their levels related with the degree of insulin resistance and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. The morbidly obese patients with the highest postprandial hypertriglyceridemia showed a significant increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in serum and the chylomicron fraction after the fat overload. Postprandial chylomicron LPS levels correlated positively with the difference between postprandial triglycerides and baseline triglycerides. There were no significant correlations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and LPS levels. The main variables contributing to serum LPS levels after fat overload were baseline and postprandial triglyceride levels but not glucose or insulin resistance. Additionally, superoxide dismutase activity decreased significantly after the fat overload. Postprandial LPS increase after a fat overload is related to postprandial hypertriglyceridemia but not to degree of insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clemente-Postigo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Queipo-Ortuño
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boto-Ordoñez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain; Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perez-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andres-Lacueva
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain. Electronic address: fernandocardonadiaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cardona
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain; Fundación IMABIS, and Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005223:Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications*; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D005223:Fats; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides