title: Apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis patients and their potential impact on cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore apolipoprotein-defined lipoproteins for abnormalities when comparing non-rheumatological controls to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apolipoprotein and lipoprotein profiles were measured on 94 RA patients and 79 controls by immunoturbidimetric procedures, electroimmunoassays, and immunoprecipitation. Differences between means were tested with a two-sided Student t test with Satterthwaite adjustment. p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RA patients had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) than controls, but no significant differences in the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C. RA patients had significantly lower levels of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I and lipoprotein (Lp)A-I:A-II, but no difference in levels of LpA-I than normal controls. There was a significant difference in the levels of LpB:C but not in LpB:C:E between RA patients and controls. The main abnormality among apoB lipoproteins was the significantly increased concentration of the LpA-II:B:C:D:E subclass in RA patients in comparison with controls. The high levels of LpA-II:B:C:D:E are also reflected in significantly increased levels of apoC-III, and apoC-III bound to apoB lipoproteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LpA-II:B:C:D:E subclass has potential as a new marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Arthritis and Clinical Rheumatology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. nknowlton@nskstat.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knowlton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wages
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Centola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alaupovic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides; C106575:lipoprotein A-II; C078260:lipoprotein A-I; D002784:Cholesterol