title: The two different effects of the potential neuroprotective compound minocycline on AMPA-type glutamate receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minocycline has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in experimental neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is any direct interaction between minocycline and the AMPA-type receptor channels, and to elucidate the underlying molecular pharmacological mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patch-clamp technique was used combined with an ultrafast solution exchange system to investigate the interaction of minocycline with recombinant AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels (homomeric GluR2flipGQ or nondesensitizing GluR2L504Y).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-dependent decreases in the relative peak current amplitude (rAmp) and the relative steady-state current (rC(des)) were found in coapplication experiments with GluR2L504Y receptors, but not in preincubation experiments. Furthermore, coapplication of 1 or 3 mmol/l minocycline showed a decrease in the fast time constant of current decay, and reopening currents were observed. But in the test with GluR2flipGQ receptors, rAmp, relative area under the curve and rC(des) increased with increasing concentrations of minocycline, and the steady-state time constant also increased when 3 μmol/l glutamate were used as agonist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minocycline modulates AMPA-type receptor channels in a combination of a weaker open-channel block effect and a stronger potentiation effect, and the latter effect arises mainly from attenuating the extent of receptor desensitization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Ling-Jing
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlesinger
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Yun-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhi-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008911:Minocycline