title: Role of intravitreal inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory reaction has been shown to involve the progress of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. We, therefore, examined the effects of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous fluid samples were obtained by vitrectomy from 62 eyes of PDR patients with type 2 diabetes and from 20 eyes of age-matched non-diabetic patients. The concentrations of interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), IL6, IL8, IL10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), endothelin 1 (EDN1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the vitreous samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of LI1B, IL6, IL8, CCL2, EDN1, VEGF, and TNF in the vitreous samples were considerably higher in PDR patients in comparison with the controls. However, the level of IL10 in PDR patients was similar to that obtained in the controls. Analysis of the correlations of the studied factors revealed the correlation of VEGF and IL6, VEGF and EDN1, IL8 and CCL2, and EDN1 and TNF in PDR patients. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between vitreous TNF as well as EDN1 and serum HbA(1)c levels in PDR patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors IL1B, IL6, IL8, CCL2, EDN1, VEGF, and TNF are increased in the vitreous of PDR patients without an increase in IL-10. These results add support to the role of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in the genesis of PDR. Understanding the implication of these cytokines may provide diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention of PDR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Huaian No.1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, PR China. jzz_58918@163.com
authors.forename: Jinzi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines