title: Dental composite fillings and bisphenol A among children: a survey in South Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bisphenol A (BPA)-based dental composites have commonly been used to fill dental cavities or seal pits and fissures on teeth. However, epidemiological evidence with regard to the BPA exposure from dental composites among children has rarely been reported. This study investigated whether there is a relationship between the BPA concentration in urine and the presence of composite restorations and sealants among South Korean children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral examinations and urine sample analyses were conducted on a total of 495 children aged 8-9 years. We classified the participants into four groups by the number of resin composites and sealant surfaces (0, 1-5, 6-10 and 11+).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPA concentrations in urine were higher in children with 11 or more surfaces restored with sealants and resin composites than in those with zero restored surfaces, although no difference was seen in the group with 1-10 surfaces. After adjusting for gender and age, the urinary BPA concentration in children with 11 or more resin composite surfaces was 2.67 μg/g creatinine, which was higher than the concentration found in those with no filling surfaces (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having many dental composite filling surfaces on teeth may increase the urinary BPA concentration in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hojang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Youn-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karmaus
authors.forename: Anwar T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Keun-Bae
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakong
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Dongmug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002648:Child; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012737:Sex Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003404:Creatinine; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D003764:Dental Materials; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds