title: Empirical hospital and professional charges for patient care associated with out of hospital cardiac arrest before and after implementation of therapeutic hypothermia for comatose survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study are to characterize the total hospital and professional charges for patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest both with and without therapeutic hypothermia treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of all adult patients with non-traumatic out of hospital cardiac arrest brought to the ED of a single tertiary care hospital over 20 months preceding and 20 months following implementation of therapeutic hypothermia for comatose survivors. Billing and clinical data were obtained from administrative databases and the electronic medical record using explicit audited abstraction. Demographic, payer characteristics, median charges and reimbursements with interquartile ranges are described before and after implementation, stratified by patient outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and twenty-three patients met study criteria. The median charge was $3,112 among the 135 patients (60.5%) that did not survive to admission and $94,916 among the 88 (39.5%) that did. Median charges before and after implementation of therapeutic hypothermia were $6,324 and $15,537 respectively. Medicare was the most frequent payer. Good neurological outcome occurred in 11/115 patients (9.6%) prior to implementation and 22/108 patients (20.4%) after. Among 23 patients treated with hypothermia, good neurological outcome occurred in 11 patients (47.8%). Good neurological outcome and treatment with hypothermia were associated with increased procedure utilization and higher charges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Empirical patient level data confirm that charges for patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest are substantial, even among patients that do not survive to hospital admission. Treatment with therapeutic hypothermia is associated with better outcomes, more procedures, and higher charges.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. mpaulsen@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silbergleit
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Meurer
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Macy
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Haukoos
authors.forename: Comilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003128:Coma / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D005251:Fees, Medical; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies