title: A novel mathematical model considering change of diffusion coefficient for predicting dissolution behavior of acetaminophen from wax matrix dosage form.
abstract: From wax matrix dosage forms, drug and water-soluble polymer are released into the external solvent over time. As a consequence, the pore volume inside the wax matrix particles is increased and the diffusion coefficient of the drug is altered. In the present study, we attempted to derive a novel empirical mathematical model, namely, a time-dependent diffusivity (TDD) model, that assumes the change in the drug's diffusion coefficient can be used to predict the drug release from spherical wax matrix particles. Wax matrix particles were prepared by using acetaminophen (APAP), a model drug; glyceryl monostearate (GM), a wax base; and aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E (AMCE), a functional polymer that dissolves below pH 5.0 and swells over pH 5.0. A three-factor, three-level (3(3)) Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of several of the variables in the model formulation, and the release of APAP from wax matrix particles was evaluated by the paddle method at pH 4.0 and pH 6.5. When comparing the goodness of fit to the experimental data between the proposed TDD model and the conventional pure diffusion model, a better correspondence was observed for the TDD model in all cases. Multiple regression analysis revealed that an increase in AMCE loading enhanced the diffusion coefficient with time, and that this increase also had a significant effect on drug release behavior. Furthermore, from the results of the multiple regression analysis, a formulation with desired drug release behavior was found to satisfy the criteria of the bitter taste masking of APAP without lowering the bioavailability. That is to say, the amount of APAP released remains below 15% for 10 min at pH 6.5 and exceeds 90% within 30 min at pH 4.0. The predicted formulation was 15% APAP loading, 8.25% AMCE loading, and 400 μm mean particle diameter. When wax matrix dosage forms were prepared accordingly, the predicted drug release behavior agreed well with experimental values at each pH level. Therefore, the proposed model is feasible as a useful tool for predicting drug release behavior, as well as for designing the formulation of wax matrix dosage forms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nitanai
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agata
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itai
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004058:Diffusion; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D005989:Glycerides; D011108:Polymers; D014885:Waxes; D014867:Water; C048159:glyceryl monostearate; D000082:Acetaminophen