title: Transgastric small bowel resection with the new multitasking platform EndoSAMURAI™ for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery has been introduced using flexible endoscopic technology. Traditional endoscopes lack several capabilities that are needed to perform complex surgical procedures safely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the new multitasking platform for transgastric small bowel resection including dissection of the mesentery and suturing an anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new prototype of endoscopic multifunctional platform, EndoSAMURAI™ (ES), was tested. A standardized in vitro setting was established with segments of small bowel and an anastomosis was sutured with the device and compared with that by stapler (ST) and hand-sewn (HS). Leak pressure was measured. In addition, the system was tested in an experimental in vivo situation by performing a transgastric small bowel segmental resection under general anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time to perform an anastomosis in the bench test was 41 min; median leak pressure for the anastomosis by ES was 14 mmHg, by ST 25 mmHg, and HS 15 mmHg. For the in vivo study, the median total procedure time was 110 min and leak pressure 53 mmHg. These results show that the end-to-end small bowel anastomosis can be sutured sufficiently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that with a multifunctional platform such as the EndoSAMURAI™, the majority of complex surgical tasks can be performed if technically independently moving instruments can be used via an ergonomic workstation interface that allows for laparoscopy-like maneuvers by the operator. Even with the shortcomings of the prototype, it was possible to perform an anastomosis of the small bowel of acceptable quality within a reasonable time.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein- Viszeral-, und Thoraxchirurgie, AGAPLESION-Markus-Krankenhaus, WilhelmEpstein-Str. 4, 60431, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Karl-Hermann.Fuchs@fdk.info
authors.forename: Karl-Hermann
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Breithaupt
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery*; D008643:Mesentery / Q000601:surgery; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013536:Suture Techniques