title: Transcatheter renal artery embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite its long history, the application of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) has been limited compared to other materials such as particulate agents and coils. This possibly owes to a widespread misconception that NBCA is difficult to handle and carries a high risk of complications due to its liquid nature and rapid polymerization time. However, recent reports have shown that, with knowledge and experience, NBCA is safe and effective to use in visceral arteries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of transcatheter embolization of the renal artery using NBCA for varied etiologies in the kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with varied etiologies in the kidney underwent renal artery embolization using NBCA as the sole embolic agent (64%) or in combination with an additional embolic material (36%). A review of medical charts and images were performed to gather information regarding underlying etiologies, clinical presentation, and outcome of embolization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was achieved in all patients (100%) while clinical success was achieved in 12 (85.7%). One failed case was managed by repeat embolization using microcoils, while the other underwent partial nephrectomy after failed reattempt at embolization. Three patients with recurrent bleeding after previously having undergone embolization using microcoils or gelatin sponge particles were successfully managed the second time using NBCA. NBCA embolization was also effective in three patients with hemostatic abnormality. Complications attributable to NBCA embolization were renal atrophy in one patient and microcatheter tip fracture in another.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of NBCA for transcatheter embolization of varied etiologies involving the renal artery is feasible and safe in the hands of an experienced interventional radiologist. It offers immediate and effective occlusion of the pathologic vessel and, while it can be used exclusively on its own, it can also be used to complement other embolic materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hanyang University, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hyun-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Gi-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Dong Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Gwon
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu-Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D002404:Catheterization; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D007459:Iodized Oil; D004659:Enbucrilate