title: Evaluation of glutathione s-transferase as toxicity indicator for roxarsone and arsanilic acid in Eisenia fetida.
abstract: Different compounds can induce stress response by targeting specific genes. Studies related to elucidating the detoxification and adaptive responses of proteins like glutathione-s-transferase (GST) can be helpful in better understanding toxicity. Roxarsone and arsanilic acid, which have been exhaustively used as animal and poultry feed additives, pose a threat to the environment and human health. GST enzyme bioassay revealed fluctuations in response to different concentrations of roxarsone and arsanilic acid at different time intervals. The highest GST enzyme activity (40.51%) was observed on day 15 of treatment with roxarsone. On the other hand, arsanilic acid caused the maximum enzyme activity (52.11%) on day 10 of treatment. During this study, the full-length gene sequence of GST, having the size 984 bp (Genbankno. HQ693699), was achieved from Eisenia fetida and established as a biomarker to assess the toxicity of roxarsone and arsanilic acid. The deduced protein has a computed molecular mass of 23.56 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 9.92. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significant differential gene expression in response to roxarsone and arsanilic acid treatment as compared with control treatment. Roxarsone caused the highest gene expression of 7.0-fold increase over control on day 15 of treatment, whereas arsanilic acid resulted in the highest gene expression reaching to 14.56-fold as compared with control. This study is helpful in understanding the role of GST as a potential biomarker for chemicals like roxarsone and arsanilic acid, which can pollute the food chain.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizwan-ul-Haq
authors.forename: Zeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhenling
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yongxue
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wenguang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001147:Arsanilic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D012406:Roxarsone / Q000633:toxicity*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003049:Coccidiostats; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D012406:Roxarsone; D001147:Arsanilic Acid