title: Dual-opioid therapy: changing the paradigm. Introduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morphine sulfate and oxycodone hydrochloride are commonly used for pain management because of their pharmacologic profile, pharmacokinetics, and analgesic potency. However, opioids are associated with a significant adverse event (AE) burden that limits their use in both the acute and the chronic pain settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-administration of opioids demonstrated synergistic analgesia and reduced side effects. Thus, dual-opioid therapy has the potential to enhance the positive analgesic benefits of opioids, while limiting the burden of opioid-related AEs. This symposium proceedings was based on presentations at the 13th World Congress on Pain in August 2010.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This program will review the rationale for dual-opioid therapy based on preclinical findings and data from clinical studies showing the efficacy and tolerability profile of a dual-opioid formulation when used to treat acute postoperative pain.
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu