title: [18F]FDG labeling of neural stem cells for in vivo cell tracking with positron emission tomography: inhibition of tracer release by phloretin.
abstract: The introduction of neural stem cells into the brain has promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. To monitor the cellular replacement therapy, that is, to determine stem cell migration, survival, and differentiation, in vivo tracking methods are needed. Ideally, these tracking methods are noninvasive. Noninvasive tracking methods that have been successfully used for the visualization of blood-derived progenitor cells include magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The SPECT tracer In-111-oxine is suitable for stem cell labeling, but for studies in small animals, the higher sensitivity and facile quantification that can be obtained with PET are preferred. Here the potential of 2'-[18F]fluoro-2'-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG), a PET tracer, for tracking of neural stem cell (NSCs) trafficking toward an inflammation site was investigated. [18F]-FDG turns out to be a poor radiopharmaceutical to label NSCs owing to the low labeling efficiency and substantial release of radioactivity from these cells. Efflux of [18F]-FDG from NSCs can be effectively reduced by phloretin in vitro, but inhibition of tracer release is insufficient in vivo for accurate monitoring of stem cell trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology/Membrane Cell Biology, University Medical CenteGroningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Katica
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stojanov
authors.forename: Erik F J
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Aren
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Waarde
authors.forename: Rudi A J O
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dierckx
authors.forename: Inge S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Zuhorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010693:Phloretin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D010693:Phloretin