title: Differences in subjective and objective respiratory parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have evaluated the associations between respiratory parameters and pain in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences in respiratory parameters between COPD patients who did and did not have pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study respiratory parameters were measured by spirometry and the St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire. Patients responded to a single question that asked if they were generally bothered by pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 patients, 45% reported that they were generally bothered by pain. Patients who had pain reported a higher number of comorbidities (P < 0.001) and higher breathlessness scores (P = 0.003). Physical dimensions of breathlessness were significantly associated with pain (P ≤ 0.03). The results of logistic regression analysis determined that a higher number of comorbidities (OR = 0.28; P = 0.026) and higher breathlessness scores (OR = 1.03; P = 0.003) made significant unique contributions to the prediction of pain group membership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comorbidity and breathlessness were risk factors for pain and the physical dimensions of breathlessness were associated with pain.
authors.affiliation: Stord/Haugesund University College, Department of Health Education, Haugesund, Norway. signe.bentsen@hsh.no
authors.forename: Signe Berit
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bentsen
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rustøen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012119:Respiration; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires