title: Oral bone loss induced by mineral deficiency in a rat model: effect of a synthetic bone mineral (SBM) preparation.
abstract: Osteoporosis affects the craniofacial and oral structures and has been associated with periodontal bone loss, tooth loss and reduced jaw bone mass.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to test the therapeutic efficacy of synthetic bone mineral (SBM) in minimizing alveolar bone loss induced by mineral deficiency in a rat model. SBM consists of a calcium carbonate apatite (similar to bone apatite) matrix incorporating magnesium, zinc, and fluoride ions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats (2 months old) were randomly distributed into 3 groups (10 rats per group): GA (control), on basic diet; GB, on mineral deficient (MD) diet; and GC, on MD+SBM. The rats were sacrificed after 3 months, the jawbones were isolated and the soft tissues removed. Bone density was determined using X-ray radiography (Faxitron); mandibular cortical width, panoramic mandibular index, and alveolar resorption degree (M/M ratio) using BioquantOsteo; and bone micro-architecture micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control (GA), the rats on MD diet (GB) experienced significant mandibular bone loss while the rats on MD+SBM diet (GC) experienced significantly less bone loss compared to the GB group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SBM, administered orally, may have the potential as an osteoporosis therapeutic agent in minimizing or preventing alveolar bone loss induced by mineral deficiency.
authors.affiliation: New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, United Sates.
authors.forename: Dindo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mijares
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Kanthi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tannous
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Racquel Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: LeGeros
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002254:Carbonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002712:Chlorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D015636:Magnesium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008852:Microradiography; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008903:Minerals; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002254:Carbonates; D002712:Chlorides; D008903:Minerals; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; C030782:carboapatite; C016837:zinc chloride; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C037593:potassium carbonate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate; D011188:Potassium