title: Toward the antioxidant and chemical characterization of mycorrhizal mushrooms from northeast Portugal.
abstract: Mushrooms are widely appreciated all over the world for their nutritional properties and pharmacological value as sources of important bioactive compounds. Mycorrhizal macrofungi associate with plant roots constituting a symbiotic relationship. This symbiosis could influence the production of secondary metabolites, including bioactive compounds. We focused on the evaluation of antioxidant potential and chemical composition of mycorrhizal mushrooms species from Northeast Portugal: Amanita caesarea, Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina, Chroogomphus fulmineus, Cortinarius anomalus, Cortinarius collinitus, Cortinarius violaceus, Lactarius quietus, Lactarius volemus, Russula sardonia, Suillus luteus, and Tricholoma ustale. A similar profile of metabolites was observed in the studied species with the order sugars > fat > ascorbic acid > phenolic compounds > tocopherols. Nevertheless, the samples revealed different compositions: prevalence of sugars in L. volemus, fat and ascorbic acid in A. muscaria, phenolic compounds in C. anomalus and tocopherols, and antioxidant activity in S. luteus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical characterization of 12 mycorrhizal mushrooms was achieved. They are sources of nutraceuticals, such as sugars and fatty acids, and contain bioactive compounds, such as vitamins and phenolic acids. Edible species can be incorporated in diets as sources of antioxidants, while nonedible species can be explored as sources of bioactive metabolites.
authors.affiliation: CIMO-ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Sandrina A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Heleno
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Anabela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Celestino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos-Buelga
authors.forename: Isabel C F R
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000545:Amanita / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001089:Arabinose / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D055363:Cortinarius / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008353:Mannitol / Q000378:metabolism; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D011174:Portugal; D013045:Species Specificity; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology*; D014199:Trehalose / Q000378:metabolism; D055439:Tricholoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D008353:Mannitol; D001089:Arabinose; D014199:Trehalose; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols