title: Effect of γ-irradiation on bioactivity, fatty acid compositions and volatile compounds of clary sage seed (Salvia sclarea L.).
abstract: Clary sage seeds (Salvia sclarea L.) were obtained from plants cultivated, and 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 kGy doses of γ-irradiation were applied to the clary sage seeds. They were then analyzed for their protein, ash, oil and dry matter contents, and fatty acid composition. Additionally, the total phenolic contents, antiradical, antioxidant activities, and volatile compounds of the clary sage seed extract were determined. There was no significant difference in protein content. However, the moisture, oil, and ash contents of the samples were affected by irradiation. While the 7 kGy dose had a positive effect on the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of the sage seed extract, all doses have negative effects on the antioxidant activity of the sage seed. The main fatty acid of the sage seed was remarkably found as α-linolenic acid. The four irradiation levels caused significant differences in fatty acid composition by affecting all fatty acids except palmitic, palmitoleic, and eicosenoic acids. The dominant volatile compounds of control sage seed were found as β-pinene (18.81%) and limonene (15.60%). Higher doses of the irradiation decreased volatile components of sage seed. Clary sage seed including high omega-3 can be irradiated with low doses (≤ 2.5 kGy) of γ-irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clary sage is one of the most popular Salvia species in Turkey and many countries. Clary sage seed has approximately 29% oil content and this oil contains >50% of α-linolenic acid. γ-Irradiation is widely applied in the preservation of spice quality. The present study shows that the antioxidant activity of the clary sage seed is decreased by γ-irradiation. Additionally, higher doses of irradiation also decreased the volatile components of sage seed. Therefore, we suggest that clary sage seed which includes high levels of omega-3 should be irradiated with low doses (≤ 2.5 kGy) of γ-irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Dept of Food Engineering, Erciyes Univ, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey. osagdic@erciyes.edu.tr
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.forename: Ismet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tulukcu
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sagdic
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000032:analysis; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D000077222:Limonene; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D027544:Salvia; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D014421:Turkey; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; C010789:beta-pinene; D000077222:Limonene