title: Sonochemically fabricated microelectrode arrays for use as sensing platforms.
abstract: The development, manufacture, modification and subsequent utilisation of sonochemically-formed microelectrode arrays is described for a range of applications. Initial fabrication of the sensing platform utilises ultrasonic ablation of electrochemically insulating polymers deposited upon conductive carbon substrates, forming an array of up to 70,000 microelectrode pores cm(-2). Electrochemical and optical analyses using these arrays, their enhanced signal response and stir-independence area are all discussed. The growth of conducting polymeric "mushroom" protrusion arrays with entrapped biological entities, thereby forming biosensors is detailed. The simplicity and inexpensiveness of this approach, lending itself ideally to mass fabrication coupled with unrivalled sensitivity and stir independence makes commercial viability of this process a reality. Application of microelectrode arrays as functional components within sensors include devices for detection of chlorine, glucose, ethanol and pesticides. Immunosensors based on microelectrode arrays are described within this monograph for antigens associated with prostate cancer and transient ischemic attacks (strokes).
authors.affiliation: Microarray Ltd, PO BOX 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK. s.d.collyer@cranfield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stuart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Collyer
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Séamus P J
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Higson
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis; D004058:Diffusion; D017097:Electric Impedance; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D055616:Microtechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000906:Antibodies; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D010575:Pesticides; C416807:polyaniline; D002713:Chlorine; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C019643:alcohol oxidase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D005947:Glucose