title: Increased urinary podocytes following indomethacin suggests drug-induced glomerular injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preterm infants are delivered while glomerulogenesis is ongoing and may be exposed to insults, including medications that may affect renal development. Podocytes detected in the urine are an indicator of glomerular injury. The aims of this study were to determine whether preterm and term infants excrete podocytes in their urine and whether exposure to gentamicin and indomethacin increase podocyte excretion in their urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants <33 weeks gestation had urine collected each day while receiving either gentamicin or indomethacin. Preterm and term control infants had urine collected for 3 days. The number of casts and podocytes present in the urine of infants receiving indomethacin and gentamicin were compared with preterm and term control infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two neonates were included in the study. Podocytes were present in small numbers (< 2) in the urine of both preterm and term control neonates. The number of podocytes in the preterm group receiving indomethacin was significantly higher than in all other groups (p=0.02) ,as was urinary albumin (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased number of podocytes in preterm neonates receiving indomethacin and higher excretion of albumin suggest glomerular injury is occurring. It is unknown whether injury to glomeruli during glomerulogenesis in preterm neonates has long-term sequelae for renal development and function into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Canberra Hospital, PO Box 11, Woden, 2606, ACT, Australia. alison.kent@act.gov.au
authors.forename: Alison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broom
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broomfield
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dahlstrom
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000652:urine*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D050199:Podocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D007213:Indomethacin