title: Synchronized ATP oscillations have a critical role in prechondrogenic condensation during chondrogenesis.
abstract: The skeletal elements of embryonic limb are prefigured by prechondrogenic condensation in which secreted molecules such as adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix have crucial roles. However, how the secreted molecules are controlled to organize the condensation remains unclear. In this study, we examined metabolic regulation of secretion in prechondrogenic condensation, using bioluminescent monitoring systems. We here report on ATP oscillations in the early step of chondrogenesis. The ATP oscillations depended on both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, and their synchronization among cells were achieved via gap junctions. In addition, the ATP oscillations were driven by Ca(2+) oscillations and led to oscillatory secretion in chondrogenesis. Blockade of the ATP oscillations prevented cellular condensation. Furthermore, the degree of cellular condensation increased with the frequency of ATP oscillations. We conclude that ATP oscillations have a critical role in prechondrogenic condensation by inducing oscillatory secretion.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmiya
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008156:Luciferases; D002118:Calcium