title: Water tubing-related injuries treated in US emergency departments, 1991-2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective was to describe the patterns and mechanisms of water tubing-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to examine cases of water tubing-related injuries. Sample weights were used to calculate national estimates of water tubing-related injuries. Analyses were conducted in 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1991-2009 an estimated 69,471 injuries were treated in US emergency departments for water tubing-related injuries. The annual number of cases increased 250% over the 19-year study period (P < .001). Sprains and strains accounted for the largest portion of injuries (27.2%). The head was the most frequently injured body part (27.5%). Children and adolescents ≤ 19 years were more likely to be injured by contact with another person (OR: 2.47; 95% CI = 1.61-3.80) and were more likely to sustain injuries to the head (OR: 2.61; 95% CI = 2.01-3.38) compared with adults. Adults ≥ 20 years, were more likely than individuals ≤ 19 years to sustain sprains and strains (OR: 2.11; 95% CI = 1.64-2.71) and were most commonly injured by impact with the water (54.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of water tubing-related injuries differ for children and adults. Research is needed to determine how best to reduce these injuries.
authors.affiliation: Center for Injury Research and Policy Department, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Heinsimer
authors.forename: Nicolas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Kristin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Lara B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water