title: Immunolocalization of RANK and RANKL along the root surface and in the periodontal membrane of human primary and permanent teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Root resorption, impaired tooth eruption and early tooth loss have been described in relation to diseases that involve defects in the RANK-RANKL-OPG-expression. The aim of the present immunhistochemical study was to localize and compare the reactions for RANK and membrane-bound RANKL along root surfaces and in the periodontal membrane in close proximity to the root surface of human primary and permanent teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The material comprised extracted human teeth (11 primary teeth and six permanent teeth) from 10 different patients. Paraffin sections were prepared of each tooth and sections of each tooth were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies specific for membrane-bound RANKL and RANK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The root surface and the periodontal membrane in close proximity to the root surface did not show immunoreactivity for RANKL. RANKL was only located in odontoblasts and in cells along denticles in one primary tooth. RANK was located in mononuclear cells in the pulp and in multinucleated odontoclasts along resorbed root surfaces and along resorbed dentin surfaces in the pulp in primary teeth and one permanent tooth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated RANK positivity in resorption areas in primary and permanent teeth. RANKL was positive in the pulp of one primary tooth. RANK expression in odontoclasts and RANKL expression in the pulp may indicate that RANK/RANKL play a role during resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie-Louise Bastholm
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bille
authors.forename: Bjarke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Thomas Levin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kjær
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000737:chemistry; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000737:chemistry; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000737:chemistry*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis*; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000032:analysis*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000378:metabolism*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000737:chemistry*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous
chemical_list: D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B