title: Luteolin inhibits pyrogallol-induced apoptosis through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.
abstract: Luteolin is an antioxidative, antitumor and anti-inflammatory flavone. It has been shown to reduce endothelial dysfunction, but the mechanism is not clear. We set out to explore the effects of luteolin on apoptosis and its mechanism of action in endothelial cells. The effect of luteolin on pyrogallol-induced superoxide stress and the subsequent apoptosis was studied in the mouse heart capillary endothelial cell line H5V and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, by the use of flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, Hoechst staining, and western blot. Pyrogallol (0-400 μm) dose-dependently induced reactive oxygen species production, cytotoxicity, an annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate increase, mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization and DNA condensation in both H5V and human umbilical vein endothelial cells; these actions were reversed by luteolin (0.78-50 μm) in a concentration-dependent manner. Luteolin suppressed the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation, caspase-8 cleavage and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation triggered by pyrogallol, and stimulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway to counteract the pyrogallol-induced apoptotic signals. Luteolin is an effective agent for the protection of endothelial cells from superoxide stress-induced apoptosis via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Dongxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Iain C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Guiyang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D051379:Mice; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011748:Pyrogallol; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D047311:Luteolin