title: A 21-week bone deposition promoting exercise programme increases bone mass in young people with Down syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the bone mass of young people with Down syndrome may increase, following a 21-week conditioning training programme including plyometric jumps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight participants with Down syndrome (13 females, 15 males) aged 10 to 19 years were divided into exercise (DS-E; n=14; eight females, six males mean age 13y 8mo, SD 2y 6mo) and non-exercise (DS-NE; n=14; five females, nine males mean age 15y 5mo, SD 2y 6mo) groups. Total and regional (hip and lumbar spine [L1-L4]) bone mineral content (BMC) and total lean mass were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after a 25-minute training session performed twice a week. Repeated-measures analyses of variation were applied to test differences between pre- and posttraining values for BMC and total lean mass. Differences between increments were studied with the Student's t-test. Linear regression models were fitted to test independent relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the intervention, higher increments in total and hip BMC, and total lean mass, were observed in the DS-E group (all p<0.05). A time × exercise interaction was found for total lean mass (p<0.05). The increment in total lean mass, height, and Tanner stage accounted for almost for 60% in the increment in total BMC in the DS-NE group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twenty-one weeks of training have a positive effect on the acquisition of bone mass in young people with Down syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Agüero
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Cabello
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ara
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casajús
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult