title: Vaccination of bovines against Echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis).
abstract: Hydatid disease is an important human zoonosis. Humans become infected from carnivores that are infected with the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. Carnivores become infected after consuming hydatid cysts from grazing animals, which are generally sheep, goats and cattle. A vaccine, known as EG95, can protect sheep and goats against cystic echinococcosis. This paper describes the adaptation of the EG95 vaccine for use in cattle. The monitoring of results used serology and also infection with E. granulosus eggs, followed by necropsy. Immunisation with living E. granulosus oncospheres showed that cattle could be immunised against E. granulosus. Immunisation of cattle with EG95 plus QuilA was also successful. A dose-response and adjuvant trial showed best results were achieved with 250 μg of antigen and 5mg of the adjuvant QuilA, which was 5 times the recommended sheep dose. After two vaccinations given one month apart, 90% protection was maintained for 12 months. At 12 months a third vaccination boosted protection to 99% which was maintained for a further 11 months.
authors.affiliation: AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. david.heath@xtreme.net.nz
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shakes
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tursun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gulnur
authors.forename: Baoxing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhuangzhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Garry A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Marshall W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lightowlers
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000276:immunology*; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; C446034:EG95 protein, Echinococcus granulosus; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; D012503:Saponins; D014612:Vaccines; C046386:Quil A