title: Mosquitocidal activity of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract and copepod Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides for the control of dengue vector Aedes aegypti.
abstract: The present study was carried out on Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract and copepods Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides, which were assessed for the control of dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, under laboratory conditions. The medicinal plants were collected from the outskirts of Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The shade-dried fruit materials were extracted by employing the Soxhlet apparatus with methanol (organic solvent) 8 h and the extracts were filtered through a Buchner funnel with Whatman number 1 filter paper. The fruit extracts were concentrated at reduced temperature on a rotary vacuum evaporator and stored at a temperature of 4°C. S. xanthocarpum fruit extract (SXFE) at 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm caused significant mortality of Ae. aegypti. The LC(50) and LC(90) of S. xanthocarpum against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae were 170.91, 195.07, 221.45, 253.18, and 279.52 ppm and 320.62, 366.48, 410.20, 435.16, and 462.10 ppm, respectively. A study was conducted to test whether the predatory efficiency of copepods on first instars changed in the presence of SXFE. The percentage of predatory efficiency of copepod was 6.5 % in treatments without SFXE and the percentage of predatory efficiency increased up to 8.7 % when copepods were combined with SFXE. This increase in predation efficiency may be caused by detrimental effects of the SFXE active principle compound (solanocarpine and solanocarpidine) on the mosquito larvae. Repeated application of fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum does not cause changes in copepod populations because fruit extract is highly degradable in the environment. Therefore, the present investigation clearly exhibits that the fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum and copepod M. thermocyclopoides could serve as a potential of highest mortality rate against the mosquito larvae under laboratory conditions. This is a new eco-friendly approach for the control of Ae. aegypti mosquito as target species. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the combined effect of mosquitocidal activity of this fruit extract and copepods of M. thermocyclopoides against dengue vector Ae. aegypti from India.
authors.affiliation: Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahesh Kumar
authors.forename: Kadarkarai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.forename: Kalimuthu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovendan
authors.forename: Chellasamy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panneerselvam
authors.forename: Kanagarjan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasanna Kumar
authors.forename: Duraisamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amerasan
authors.forename: Jayapal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Kandasamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalimuthu
authors.forename: Thiyagarajan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nataraj
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D033342:Copepoda / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts