title: Plastic surgery residency graduate outcomes: a 43-year experience at a single institution and the first "integrated" training program in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education emphasizes outcome-based residency education. This project is an outcomes study on graduates of the Stanford University Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey assessing various outcomes, including practice profile, financial, personal, and educational issues, was electronically distributed to all 130 graduates between 1966 and 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 65% response rate. Nearly all respondents are currently in practice. Popular fellowships included hand and microsurgery. Most respondents participated in research and held leadership roles. Adequate residency education was noted in areas of patient care, board preparation, and ethical and legal issues. Inadequate residency education was noted in areas of managing a practice, coding, and cost-effective medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first long-term outcomes study of plastic surgery graduates. Most are in active, successful practice. We have incorporated educational content related to running a small business, contract negotiating, and marketing to better prepare our residents for future practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA 94305-5715, USA.
authors.forename: Shelley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Noland
authors.forename: Gordon K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D011216:Practice Management, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data