title: Evolution of otosclerosis to cochlear implantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Otosclerosis is an osteodystrophy of the labyrinthine capsule producing conductive hearing loss. If the process invades the cochlea, a sensorineural hearing loss usually takes place. The cochlear implant is a good alternative in these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the behaviour of cochlear implantation in otosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed a database of 250 patients that underwent cochlear implantation, performing a retrospective study of 13 patients with clinical, audiological and/or imaging findings of bilateral otosclerosis. The 26 ears were studied as to their natural history, previous surgeries, evolution to profound hearing loss, computed tomography images, complications and functional results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the cases studied, 46% were female and 54% were men, with a mean age of 26 years at the onset of conductive hearing loss. Stapes surgery was performed in 19 ears (73%), with a mean patient age of 29 years, and 53% of them underwent cochlear implantation. Computed tomography results showed that there were signs of different degrees of radiological affectation in 54% of the ears. A total of 3 complications took place (23%): implant failure, overstimulation of the facial nerve and bilateral tinnitus were found. One year after implantation, the average percentages of correct 2-syllable words were 80% and 85% in open sentences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients having profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss secondary to otosclerosis obtain great benefit from cochlear implantation.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Noeliamufer@gmail.com
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morant-Ventura
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Achiques
authors.forename: Delfina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dualde-Beltrán
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Garcia-Callejo
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Monrroy-Parada
authors.forename: Ignacia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pitarch
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marco-Algarra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D018450:Disease Progression; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010040:Otosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013201:Stapes Surgery; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome