title: Association of PPAR-γ gene polymorphisms with obesity and obesity-associated phenotypes in North Indian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The worldwide increasing prevalence of obesity is considered as a major health problem. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) controls adipocyte differentiation and regulates a number of genes associated with energy homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the association of PPAR-γ gene Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and C1431T (rs3856806) polymorphisms with morbid obesity and related phenotypes, in north Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6,42 subjects, 309, obese and 333 nonobese individuals were included in this case-control study. Insulin, adiponectin, glucose, and lipid levels were estimated using standard protocols. All subjects were genotyped by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ProAla+AlaAla genotypes of PPAR-γ Pro12Ala were significantly associated with higher risk of obesity while C1431T polymorphism did not show any significant association. None of the haplotypes showed association with morbid obesity. However, a strong association of variant genotypes was observed with higher levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and lower serum adiponectin concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR-γ gene polymorphisms influence obesity and obesity phenotype in a complex manner, probably involving insulin resistance in north Indian population.
authors.affiliation: Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Shally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natu
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajpal
authors.forename: Balraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma