title: Migraine-triggered hemifacial spasm: three new cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of hemifacial spasm (HFS) during an episode of migraine has been seldom reported. Here we describe three new cases presenting with HFS in association with migraine attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients (one woman and two men, aged 31-36 years) developed HFS in close temporal relationship with migraine headaches. All of them started having the muscle spasms after pain onset. Two of them had electromyographic evidence of facial nerve damage, and continued having HFS once the pain abated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migraine attacks may be associated with HFS. The appearance of HFS could be related to migraine activity. A mechanism of central hyperexcitability in connection with nociceptive inputs on the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and/or a dilation of vessels compressing the facial nerve at the root exit zone could lead to the development of HFS in predisposed patients. 'Migraine-triggered hemifacial spasm' could possibly be regarded as a complication of migraine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. r.barahona.hernando@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barahona-Hernando
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cuadrado
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Ptacek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos-de-Vega
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jorquera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ordás
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muñiz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Porta-Etessam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications*