title: [Use of seat belts and mobile phone while driving in Florence: trend from 2005 to 2009].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the trend over time of the use of seat belts by drivers and passengers of cars and vans and the use of hand held mobile phone while driving in Florence from 2005 to 2009. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: direct observations (58,773 vehicles) have been conducted to detect the use of seat belts by occupants of cars and vans, and the use of mobile phone while driving. It has been carried out correlation analysis between the use of the seat belt by occupants of vehicles and between the simultaneous use of this device and mobile phone while driving.Moreover, it has been carried out time series analysis (ARIMA Box Jenkins) of in the prevalence of the use of seat belts by occupants of vehicles observed, of mobile phone by drivers and the trend of the risk to drive using the mobile phone with unfastened seat belt rather than to drive using the mobile phone with fastened seat belt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  seat belts were used on average by 75.7% of drivers, 75.5% of front passengers and 25.1% of rear passengers. The average mobile phone use while driving was 4.5%. Drivers most frequently fasten seat belt if front passengers use it and while they do not use mobile phone. The use of seat belts by drivers and front passengers has not changed over time, whereas the use of mobile phone while driving has significantly increased. The prevalence of using mobile phone with unfastened seat belt rather than to use it with fastened seat belt while driving has significantly decreased over the years, indicating an increase in the use of mobile phone, especially among those who fasten the seat belt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  it is necessary to plan and realize stronger interventions in the whole area.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy. chiara.lorini@unifi.it
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorini
authors.forename: Elettra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mannocci
authors.forename: Guendalina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allodi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Indiani
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mersi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrioli
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonaccorsi
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*