title: Red blood cell storage and cell morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we performed weekly assessment of morphology-related parameters through monitoring of CPD-SAGM leuco-filtered erythrocyte concentrates from blood withdrawal until the 42nd day of storage.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Liquid storage of red blood cells (RBCs) delivers a blood-derived therapeutic, which is safe, available, effective and affordable for most patients who need transfusion therapy in developed countries. However, a growing body of accumulating controversial evidences, from either biochemical or retrospective clinical studies, prompted safety concerns about longer stored RBCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical image analysis through scanning electron microscope was coupled to osmotic fragility and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We could observe that by day 21 more than 50% of RBCs displayed non-discocyte phenotypes. This observation was related to an increase in osmotic fragility, which was totally overlapped in day 0 controls and day 7 RBCs while only slightly augmented in day 14 samples. Cation dysregulation (pH internal/external alteration and potassium) might both reflect and trigger a negative feedback loop with metabolic fluxes and membrane cation pumps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphology parameters suggest that significant alterations to RBC morphology over storage duration occur soon after the 14th day of storage, as to become significant enough within the 21st day.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Universitá snc, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramundo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zolla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001793:Blood Preservation; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009996:Osmotic Fragility; D013997:Time Factors