title: Protection of Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus by inactivated vaccine with herbal immunostimulants.
abstract: To improve the immune response in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon against WSSV infection, juveniles (350 ± 10 mg) were vaccinated with formalin-inactivated WSSV and fed with herbal immunostimulants. The methanolic extracts of herbal immunostimulants such as Acalypha indica, Cynodon dactylon, Picrorrhiza kurrooa, Withania somnifera and Zingiber officinalis were incorporated in formulated diets at different concentrations; 250 (ED(1)), 500 (ED(2)), 1000 (ED(3)) and 2000 (ED(4)) mg kg(-1) of feed and fed for 60 days after vaccination. After 30 and 60 days intervals of feeding, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps fed with control diets (C(1)) succumbed to death within 5 days after WSSV challenge, when no vaccination and immunostimulations were given. The other control groups (C(2) and C(3)) had slight improvements in all parameters including survival. The percentage survival was significantly (P < 0.05) increased to 30, 50 and 60% in the ED(2), ED(3) and ED(4) diets respectively after 60 days challenging. The better haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were also found in the herbal extracts supplemented diets fed vaccinated shrimps. The present study revealed that the combined effect of immunostimulation and vaccination helped to boost the immune system against WSSV infection and hence this application can be adopted for shrimp culture.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Aiyakani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yogeeswaran
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velmurugan
authors.forename: Stanislas Mary Josephine
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Punitha
authors.forename: Mariavincent Michael
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Thangaswamy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: Thangamani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumaran
authors.forename: Thavasimuthu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Citarasu
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007114:Immunization; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D028321:Plant Preparations; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines