title: Conceptualization and measurement of team workload: a critical need.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to present and expand on current theories and measurement techniques for assessing team workload.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To date, little research has been conducted on the workload experienced by teams. A validated theory describing team workload, which includes an account of its relation to individual workload, has not been articulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors review several theoretical approaches to team workload.Within the team research literature, attempts to evaluate team workload have typically relied on measures of individual workload. This assumes that such measures retain their validity at the team level of measurement, but empirical research suggests that this method may lack sensitivity to the drivers of team workload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of these reviews, the authors advance suggestions concerning a comprehensive theory of team workload and methods for assessing it in team settings. The approaches reviewed include subjective, performance, physiological, and strategy shift measures. Theoretical and statistical difficulties associated with aggregating individual-level workload responses to a team-level measure are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conception and measurement of team workload have not significantly matured alongside developments in individual workload.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Team workload remains a complex research area without simple measurement solutions, but as a research domain it remains open for contributions from interested and enterprising researchers.
authors.affiliation: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7951, USA. Gregory.Funke@wpafb.af.mil
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Funke
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Knott
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Davin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavlas
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Strang
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D003210:Concept Formation; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D017146:Models, Organizational; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014937:Work / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology