title: Waveguide structures for the visible and near-infrared wavelength regions in near-stoichiometric lithium niobate formed by swift argon-ion irradiation.
abstract: We report the fabrication of a waveguide structure in a near-stoichiometric lithium niobate crystal using 200-MeV argon-ion irradiation at a fluence of 2 × 10(12) ions/cm2. Guided modes were detected in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regions, suggesting that the waveguide can be used at fiber communications wavelengths. The refractive index profiles of the waveguide were reconstructed from the effective index functions. Micro-Raman spectra recorded in the waveguide layer and the substrate showed that the Li/Nb ratio was preserved in the waveguide layer after swift argon-ion irradiation.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang