title: [Endoscopic frontal sinus revision following transcutaneous endoscopic puncture and diaphanoscopy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic revision sinus surgery in case of frontal sinus pyocele may poses a great surgical challenge for various reasons. Due to the often troublesome anatomical changes caused by prior resection and findings of scaring with new bone formation, the identification of the frontal sinus in revision surgery is frequently a challenge for the surgeon. An easy endoscopic technique for a safe endonasal identification of the frontal sinus in revision surgery is therefore of major importance.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 patients (3 men, 1 female) were enrolled with an acute frontal pyocele following prior open frontal sinus surgery over an external access. All patients were subjected to standard endonasal endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. The frontal sinus was endonasally approached after endoscopic transcutaneous frontal sinus puncture through the pre-existing bone defect achieving a diaphanoscopy with endonasal identification of the frontal sinus floor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The external endoscopic puncture and illumination of the frontal sinus was performed in all 4 patients with a modular endoscopic system (Sinus View). A visual exploration of the frontal sinus was easily carried out after irrigation. A clear endonasal identification of the frontal sinus floor by diaphanoscopy was achieved in all patients and guided a direct opening of the frontal sinus. A stable frontal sinus drainage type IIb according to Draf was reached in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcutaneous frontal sinus puncture with an modular endoscope allows not only to verify frontal sinus pyocele diagnosis, but also provides the option to open the frontal sinus directly guided by the diaphanoscopy at the frontal sinus floor even in situations of complex anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Homburg/Saar. basel.al-kadah@uks.eu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al Kadah
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bumm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schick
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D015522:Frontal Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D011677:Punctures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012086:Reoperation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014172:Transillumination / Q000295:instrumentation*