title: Open-loop and feedback-controlled mouse cursor movements in linear paths.
abstract: Path length (A), path width (W) and movement direction (θ) are identified as the main factors affecting visually-controlled movement times in linear paths. Effects of A and W are well described by Drury's ( 1971 . Movements with lateral constraint. Ergonomics, l4 (2), 293-305.) model in which movement time is linearly related to the ratio of A/W. At low A/W values, departure from linearity has been identified but not investigated in detail. Data are presented for both open-loop and feedback-controlled movements in linear paths at 0, 60 and 150° movement directions. Movement amplitude and path width were varied over a wide range to determine the effects of A and (A/W) on movement time. Movements were found to be made ballistically or in open-loop mode when the ratio (A/W) was less than about 8 to 10 and the movement times were linearly related to √A for all angles of movement. Feedback-controlled movements followed Drury's law; ballistic movements had movement speed linear with √A.
  Many tasks require manoeuvring equipment or devices through a path of limited width. These movements can be made with or without feedback control, depending on the path constraints. The conditions for the two forms of movement are determined in this research.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Logistics Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Namal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thibbotuwawa
authors.forename: Errol R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Ravindra S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Goonetilleke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013334:Students; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult