title: The effect of cigarette smoking and native bone height on dental implants placed immediately in sinuses grafted by hydraulic condensation.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoking and residual native bone height on the survival of dental implants placed immediately in grafted sinuses. In this retrospective study, 334 subject records were screened, and 75 subjects (155 implants) were included. Data collection based on treatment notes and radiographs included age, sex, smoking status, sinus floor bone height, dental implant information, and implant survival. The survival rates of implants for nonsmokers and smokers at stage-two surgery were 93% and 84%, respectively. After 12 months of functional loading, the survival rates of implants for nonsmokers and smokers were 87% (81 of 93) and 79% (49 of 62), respectively (P < .000). Analysis revealed that the effect of smoking on implant survival is significant when the preoperative bone height is less than 4 mm, with an 82.4% implant survival rate in nonsmokers compared to 60% in smokers (P < .05). Smoking should be considered as a high risk factor when implants are placed immediately in grafted sinuses, particularly in areas of limited bone height.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas H S
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeffcoat
authors.forename: Daniel W K
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nevins
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fiorellini
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants