title: Correlation of perfusion parameters with genes related to angiogenesis regulation in glioblastoma: a feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Integration of imaging and genomic data is critical for a better understanding of gliomas, particularly considering the increasing focus on the use of imaging biomarkers for patient survival and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to correlate CBV and PS measured by using PCT with the genes regulating angiogenesis in GBM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with WHO grade IV gliomas underwent pretreatment PCT and measurement of CBV and PS values from enhancing tumor. Tumor specimens were analyzed by TCGA by using Human Gene Expression Microarrays and were interrogated for correlation between CBV and PS estimates across the genome. We used the GO biologic process pathways for angiogenesis regulation to select genes of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed expression levels for 92 angiogenesis-associated genes (332 probes), 19 of which had significant correlation with PS and 9 of which had significant correlation with CBV (P < .05). Proangiogenic genes such as TNFRSF1A (PS = 0.53, P = .024), HIF1A (PS = 0.62, P = .0065), KDR (CBV = 0.60, P = .0084; PS = 0.59, P = .0097), TIE1 (CBV = 0.54, P = .022; PS = 0.49, P = .039), and TIE2/TEK (CBV = 0.58, P = .012) showed a significant positive correlation; whereas antiangiogenic genes such as VASH2 (PS = -0.72, P = .00011) showed a significant inverse correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings are provocative, with some of the proangiogenic genes showing a positive correlation and some of the antiangiogenic genes showing an inverse correlation with tumor perfusion parameters, suggesting a molecular basis for these imaging biomarkers; however, this should be confirmed in a larger patient population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit MI, 48202, USA. rajanj@rad.hfh.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poisson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scarpace
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rempel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins