title: Intraoperative ultrasound: improved resection rates in breast-conserving surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was the investigation of a possible improvement of tumor resection rate, i.e. R0 vs. R1 resection when intraoperative ultrasound evaluation of tissue margins is used during breast-conserving surgery (BCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 250 cases were evaluated retrospectively. The impact of ultrasound analysis onto clean margin rates was evaluated. A subgroup analysis assessed histology, stage, and neoadjuvant therapy with respect to R0 resection rate and ultrasound evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 250 BCS cases 84, (33.6%) underwent intraoperative ultrasound and 166 (66.4%) did not. Clean primary surgical margins (R0) were demonstrated for 218 (87.2%) patients after histological analysis. R0 resection was achieved in 81 (96.4%) patients in the ultrasound group compared to 137 (82.5%) in the control group. The difference between the two groups is significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed a significant increase in R0 resection rates when intraoperative ultrasound was used to evaluate surgical margins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Senology, University of Cologne, Germany. ceichler@gmail.com
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hübbel
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zarghooni
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gluz
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoff-Khalili
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warm
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography