title: Outwitting evolution: fighting drug-resistant TB, malaria, and HIV.
abstract: Although caused by vastly different pathogens, the world's three most serious infectious diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV-1 infection, share the common problem of drug resistance. The pace of drug development has been very slow for tuberculosis and malaria and rapid for HIV-1. But for each disease, resistance to most drugs has appeared quickly after the introduction of the drug. Learning how to manage and prevent resistance is a major medical challenge that requires an understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of each pathogen. This Review summarizes the similarities and differences in the evolution of drug resistance for these three pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Siliciano
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004351:Drug Resistance; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000187:drug effects; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology