title: Risk factors for intra-abdominal infection after pancreaticoduodenectomy - a retrospective analysis to evaluate the significance of preoperative biliary drainage and postoperative pancreatic fistula.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intra-abdominal infection (IAI) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a common cause of prolongation of postoperative hospital stay and readmission to the hospital following discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and six patients undergoing PD were reviewed to investigate the risk factors for IAI after PD. Patients were separated into two groups: those who developed IAI after PD (Group A; n=44), and those who had not developed IAI after PD (Group B; n=162), the two groups were then compared to identify the risk factors for IAI after PD. A hundred and six patients (51.5%) underwent preoperative biliary drainage (PBD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis revealed that pancreatic fistula (PF) was an independent risk factor for IAI after PD (p<0.001; odds ratio=9.58; 95% confidence interval=4.37-21.0), but PBD was not a significant risk factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that the adequate PBD might not affect IAI after PD. On the other hand, PF was an independent risk factor for IAI after PD. A large randomized controlled trial, which would prove the effect of early removal of a prophylactic placed drain to prevent IAI, should be planned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kakizawa
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichida
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059413:Intraabdominal Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000150:complications*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors