title: Processes for the elimination of estrogenic steroid hormones from water: a review.
abstract: Natural estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and the synthetic one, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), are excreted by humans and animals and enter into environment through discharge of domestic sewage effluents and disposal of animal waste. The occurrence of these substances in aquatic ecosystems may affect the endocrine system of humans and wildlife so it has emerged as a major concern for water quality. Extensive research has being carried out during the last decades on the efficiency of the degradation and/or removal of these hormones in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Conventional and advanced treatments have been investigated by different authors for the elimination of estrogens from water. This paper aims to review the different processes and treatments that have been applied for the elimination of E1, E2, E3 and EE2 from water. With this purpose, physical, biological and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. patricia.silva@ua.pt
authors.forename: Carla Patrícia
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Valdemar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esteves
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004964:Estriol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004970:Estrone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol; D004964:Estriol