title: Optimizing fibromyalgia management.
abstract: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a persistent pain state commonly diagnosed and managed by nurse practitioners. This article summarizes current information regarding the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic standards, and pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments necessary to successfully manage FM.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Sciences University School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Kari A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Firestone
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mist
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Kim Dupree
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods*