title: Impact of organic and inorganic nanomaterials in the soil microbial community structure.
abstract: In this study the effect of organic and inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) on the structural diversity of the soil microbial community was investigated by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, after amplification with universal primers for the bacterial region V6-V8 of 16S rDNA. The polymers of carboxylmethyl-cellulose (CMC), of hydrophobically modified CMC (HM-CMC), and hydrophobically modified polyethylglycol (HM-PEG); the vesicles of sodium dodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (SDS/DDAB) and of monoolein/sodium oleate (Mo/NaO); titanium oxide (TiO(2)), titanium silicon oxide (TiSiO(4)), CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, gold nanorods, and Fe/Co magnetic fluid were the NMs tested. Soil samples were incubated, for a period of 30 days, after being spiked with NM suspensions previously characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) or by an ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM). The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) of DGGE profiles showed that gold nanorods, TiO(2), CMC, HM-CMC, HM-PEG, and SDS/DDAB have significantly affected the structural diversity of the soil bacterial community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rocha-Santos
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Graça M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rasteiro
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Amadeu M V M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Adelaide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Newton C M
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Newton N C M
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D058448:Biota; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S