title: Trans-differentiation of the adipose tissue-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells expressing neurotrophins by selegiline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult stem cells (ASC) are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body. These cells are promising tools for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disease. Adipose tissue is the most abundant and accessible source of ASC. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of selegiline on differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) into functional neuron-like cells (NLC), and also level of the neurotrophin expression in differentiated cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADSC were transdifferentiated into NLC using selegiline where CD90, CD49d, CD31, CD106 and CD45 were used as markers for ADSC identification. Lipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of ADSC were used to characterize the ADSC. ADSC were treated with selegiline at different concentrations (from 10(-6) to 10(-11) mM) and time points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). Percentage of viable cells, nestin and neurofilament 68 (NF-68) immunoreactive cells were used as markers for differentiation. The optimal dose for neurotrophin expressions in differentiating cells was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-PCR. NLC function was evaluated by loading and unloading with FM1-43 dye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADSC were immunoreactive to CD90 (95.67 ± 2.26), CD49d (71.52 ± 6.64) and CD31 (0.6 ± 0.86), but no immunoreactivity was detected for CD106 and CD45. The results of neural differentiation showed the highest percentage of nestin and NF-68 positive cells at 10(-9) mM concentration of selegiline (exposed for 24 h). The differentiated cells expressed synapsin and neurotrophin genes except brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADSC can be an alternative source in cell-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases using selegiline to induce ADSC differentiation to neuronal lineage.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdanipour
authors.forename: Taki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tiraihi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delshad
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009562:Nissl Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012642:Selegiline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C073804:FM1 43; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012642:Selegiline