title: Cognitive process modelling of controllers in en route air traffic control.
abstract: In recent years, various efforts have been made in air traffic control (ATC) to maintain traffic safety and efficiency in the face of increasing air traffic demands. ATC is a complex process that depends to a large degree on human capabilities, and so understanding how controllers carry out their tasks is an important issue in the design and development of ATC systems. In particular, the human factor is considered to be a serious problem in ATC safety and has been identified as a causal factor in both major and minor incidents. There is, therefore, a need to analyse the mechanisms by which errors occur due to complex factors and to develop systems that can deal with these errors. From the cognitive process perspective, it is essential that system developers have an understanding of the more complex working processes that involve the cooperative work of multiple controllers. Distributed cognition is a methodological framework for analysing cognitive processes that span multiple actors mediated by technology. In this research, we attempt to analyse and model interactions that take place in en route ATC systems based on distributed cognition. We examine the functional problems in an ATC system from a human factors perspective, and conclude by identifying certain measures by which to address these problems. This research focuses on the analysis of air traffic controllers' tasks for en route ATC and modelling controllers' cognitive processes.
  This research focuses on an experimental study to gain a better understanding of controllers' cognitive processes in air traffic control. We conducted ethnographic observations and then analysed the data to develop a model of controllers' cognitive process. This analysis revealed that strategic routines are applicable to decision making.
authors.affiliation: ATM Department, Electronic Navigation Research Institute, 7-42-23 Jindaiji-higashi-machi, Chofu, Tokyo 182-0012 , Japan. s-inoue@enri.go.jp
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Hisae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001359:Aviation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003071:Cognition; D003657:Decision Making; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011825:Radar; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D057188:Workflow; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult