title: Effects of exercise on systemic inflammatory, coagulatory, and cardiac autonomic parameters in an inhalational exposure study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intermittent moderate-intensity exercise is used in human inhalational exposure studies to increase the effective dose of air pollutants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inflammatory, coagulatory, and autonomic effects of intermittent moderate-intensity exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, inflammatory, and coagulatory parameters in peripheral blood of 25 healthy subjects across an exercise protocol that included running on a treadmill or pedaling a cycle ergometer for 30 minutes every hour over 4 hours in a climate-controlled chamber with a target ventilation of 20 L/min/m2 body surface area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intermittent moderate-intensity exercise induced a systemic proinflammatory response characterized by increases in leukocyte counts, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6, but did not change coagulation tendency or heart rate variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interpretation of pollutant-induced inflammatory responses in inhalational exposure studies should account for signals and noises caused by exercise, especially when the effect size is small.
authors.affiliation: Human Exposure Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Aneesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donde
authors.forename: Hofer
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frelinger
authors.forename: Karron
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Balmes
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arjomandi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein