title: Salt-and-pepper eye pain and brainstem stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The salt-and-pepper pain is a characteristic sensory disturbance confined to the eyes and regional facial structures. Although a poor prognosis has been mentioned in previously reported patients, the precise pathomechanism and clinical significance are still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report four patients with ocular salt-and-pepper pain, and review the clinical course, neuroimaging and prognosis in another eight patients reported in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our series, they were three men and one woman, and their underlying cause was pontine hemorrhage; hypertensive hemorrhage in three and cavernous hemangioma in one patient, respectively. In these 12 salt-and-pepper patients, the identifiable etiology was exclusively brainstem stroke. Life-threatening or disable neurological deterioration ensued within 24 h after pain onset in all patients. Their ocular pain subsided rapidly after neurological deterioration occurred. A dual excitation of nociceptive quinothalamic pain fiber and disinhibition of trigeminosensory system from pontine reticular formation and cerulotrigeminospinal circuit may be responsible for this pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical practice, ocular salt-and-pepper pain in quiet eyes should be alerted for intracranial pathology and neurological deterioration until underlying cause is identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsi
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Hung-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsin-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020526:Brain Stem Infarctions / Q000150:complications*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D058447:Eye Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011149:Pons / Q000473:pathology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*