title: Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of candlenut oil extracted by supercritical CO2.
abstract: Candlenut oil was extracted using supercritical CO(2) (SC-CO(2)) with an optimization of parameters, by the response surface methodology. The ground candlenut samples were treated in 2 different ways, that is, dried in either a heat oven (sample moisture content of 2.91%) or dried in a vacuum oven (sample moisture content of 1.98%), before extraction. An untreated sample (moisture content of 4.87%) was used as a control. The maximum percentage of oil was extracted from the heat-oven-dried sample (77.27%), followed by the vacuum-oven-dried sample (74.32%), and the untreated sample (70.12%). At an SC-CO(2) pressure of 48.26 Mpa and 60 min of extraction time, the optimal temperatures for extraction were found to be 76.4 °C, 73.9 °C, and 70.6 °C for the untreated, heat-oven-dried, and vacuum-oven-dried samples, respectively. The heat-oven-dried sample contains the highest percentage of linoleic acid, followed by the untreated and vacuum-oven-dried samples. The antiradical activity of candlenut oil corresponded to an IC(50) value of 30.37 mg/mL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Univ. Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang 11800, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Bazlul Mobin
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: Anees
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Abbas F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Alkarkhi
authors.forename: Mahamad Hakimi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Mohd Omar A
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: K
mesh_terms: D031284:Aleurites / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011312:Pressure; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019787:Linoleic Acid