title: The rCBF brain mapping in adolescent ADHD comorbid developmental coordination disorder and its changes after MPH challenging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comorbid developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in the patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often complicated the treatment strategy. Methylphenidate (MPH) improves the coordination problem in patients with ADHD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study intended to investigate the pathophysiology and the mechanisms of MPH in comorbid DCD of the adolescents with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain images using technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimmer ((99m)Tc-ECD) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were done in 10 drug-naïve adolescents with ADHD without DCD and 5 adolescents with ADHD comorbid DCD. The baseline rCBF and changes of rCBF after 10 mg MPH challenge between two groups were compared using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower rCBF of bilateral frontal lobe, inferior parental lobe, and increased rCBF of right posterior cingulate gyrus, anterior lobe of cerebellum were found in ADHD comorbid DCD group compared to ADHD without DCD group. Decreased rCBF in the right occipital, inferior temporal lobe was found in ADHD comorbid DCD group after MPH while ADHD alone group revealed increased rCBF in bilateral occipital lobe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results help us understand the pathophysiology of DCD in ADHD adolescents. The different rCBF response to MPH provides a clue for future intervention of DCD in ADHD adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. chinbinyeh@gmail.com
authors.forename: Chin-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Wen-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Miao-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Chia-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsing
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jia-Fwu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shyu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001931:Brain Mapping; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D008774:Methylphenidate; C059659:technetium Tc 99m bicisate; D003545:Cysteine