title: A comparison of biocompatibility and osseointegration of ceramic and titanium implants: an in vivo and in vitro study.
abstract: This study compared the biocompatibility in vitro and the osseointegration in vivo of zirconium and titanium implants regarding implant surfaces and the bone-implant contacts. The different implant surfaces and the biocompatibility of zirconium versus titanium implants were determined by vitality and cytotoxic tests in vitro. The contact of the osteoblasts to the implant surface was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vivo study for osseointegration was performed in domestic pigs over 4 and 12 weeks. In each animal, 4 zirconium and 4 titanium implants (WhiteSky, BlueSky, Bredent, Germany) were inserted in the os frontale and analysed by histomorphometry. Cytotoxicity and SEM showed good biocompatibility in relation to the investigated implant materials. Histological results showed direct bone-implant contact of the implant surfaces. The zirconium implants showed a slight delay in osseointegration in terms of bone-implant contact as measured by histomorphometry (after 4 weeks, zirconium (59.3 ± 4.6%) versus titanium (64.1 ± 3.9%); after 12 weeks, zirconium (67.1 ± 2.3%) versus titanium (73.6 ± 3.2%). A statistically significant difference between the two groups was not observed. The results indicated similar biocompatibility and osseointegration for zirconium compared to titanium implants.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold Heller Str. 3, Haus 26, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terheyden
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Açil
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Purcz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hertrampf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabakov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004396:Coloring Agents; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004396:Coloring Agents; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D015675:Osteocalcin; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; C028541:zirconium oxide; C018506:diacetylfluorescein