title: Thromboresistance characterization of extruded nitric oxide-releasing silicone catheters.
abstract: Intravascular catheters used in clinical practice can activate platelets, leading to thrombus formation and stagnation of blood flow. Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing polymers have been shown previously to reduce clot formation on a number of blood contacting devices. In this work, trilaminar NO-releasing silicone catheters were fabricated and tested for their thrombogenicity. All catheters had specifications of L = 6 cm, inner diameter = 21 gauge (0.0723 cm), outer diameter = 12 gauge (0.2052 cm), and NO-releasing layer thickness = 200 ± 11 µm. Control and NO-releasing catheters were characterized in vitro for their NO flux and NO release duration by gas phase chemiluminescence measurements. The catheters were then implanted in the right and left internal jugular veins of (N = 6 and average weight = 3 kg) adult male rabbits for 4 hours thrombogenicity testing. Platelet counts and function, methemoglobin (metHb), hemoglobin (Hb), and white cell counts and functional time (defined as patency time of catheter) were monitored as measured outcomes. Nitric oxide-releasing catheters (N = 6) maintained an average flux above (2 ± 0.5) × 10(-10) mol/min/cm for more than 24 hours, whereas controls showed no NO release. Methemoglobin, Hb, white cell, and platelet counts and platelet function at 4 hours were not significantly different from baseline (α = 0.05). However, clots on controls were visibly larger and prevented blood draws at a significantly (p < 0.05) earlier time (2.3 ± 0.7 hours) into the experiment, whereas all NO-releasing catheters survived the entire 4 hours test period. Results indicate that catheter NO flux levels attenuated thrombus formation in a short-term animal model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109-0686, USA.
authors.forename: Kagya A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Amoako
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Archangeli
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meyerhoff
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Annich
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057785:Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010976:Platelet Count; D011817:Rabbits; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: C102652:Extrude; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D012826:Silicone Elastomers