title: Children's experiences of dialysis: a systematic review of qualitative studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the experiences and perspectives of children and adolescents on dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted that explored the experiences of children on dialysis. Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched to October Week 2, 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 studies, which reported the experiences of 143 children receiving dialysis, were included. Five major themes were identified: loss of control (high reliance on carers, parental overprotectiveness, unrelenting dependence on a machine, impaired body integrity), restricted lifestyle (limited socialisation opportunities, academic struggle), coping strategies (hope for kidney transplant and medical advances, social support, positive determination and self-awareness, engaging in activities, denial), managing treatment (ownership, proactive involvement, adherence to fluid and diet restrictions) and feeling different (abnormal physical appearance, injustice, being a burden).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children undergoing dialysis experience impaired growth, invasive procedures, school and social constraints. They often have poor self-esteem and a pervasive sense of losing their identity, body integrity, control, independence and opportunity. Interventions are needed to equip children with the capacity to manage their health, participate in community, engage in 'permissible' recreational activities, progress in their studies, and remain vigilant in dialysis and treatment responsibilities, for improved health and treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.
authors.forename: Lidwien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tjaden
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groothoff
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D008019:Life Style; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept