title: Phylogeographical analysis on Squalidus argentatus recapitulates historical landscapes and drainage evolution on the island of Taiwan and mainland China.
abstract: Phylogeographical analyses on Squalidus argentatus samples from thirteen localities within mainland China and Taiwan were conducted for biogeographic studies, as their dispersal strictly depends on geological evolution of the landmasses. A total of 95 haplotypes were genotyped for mtDNA cyt b gene in 160 specimens from nine river systems. Relatively high levels of haplotype diversity (h = 0.984) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.020) were detected in S. argentatus. Two major phylogenetic haplotype groups, A and B, were revealed via phylogenetic analysis. The degree of intergroup divergence (3.96%) indicates that these groups diverged about 4.55 myr (million years) ago. Haplotype network and population analyses indicated significant genetic structure (F(ST) = 0.775), largely concordant with the geographical location of the populations. According to SAMOVA analysis, we divided these populations into four units: Yangtze-Pearl, Qiantang-Minjiang, Jiulong-Beijiang and Taiwan groups. Mismatch distribution analysis, neutrality tests and Bayesian skyline plots indicated a significant population expansion for lineage A and B, approximately dated 0.35 and 0.04 myr ago, respectively. We found strong geographical organization of the haplotype clades across different geographic scales that can be explained by episodes of dispersal and population expansion followed by population fragmentation and restricted gene flow.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fishes, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fishes, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Qiao
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, NY 10024, USA.
authors.forename: Te-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fishes, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo-Cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiao-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fishes, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Du
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000235:genetics*; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051456:Gene Flow; D006239:Haplotypes; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D029941:Fish Proteins; D045303:Cytochromes b