title: Prevalence of frailty phenotypes and risk of mortality in a community-dwelling elderly cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine the prevalence of three independent, disability-free and operationally defined frailty phenotypes and the associated risk of mortality in a community-dwelling older people cohort over 74 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  observational, prospective and population-based design. Bio-psycho-social variables were assessed using a range of standardised instruments. The physical frailty phenotype (PFP), mental frailty phenotype (MFP) and social frailty phenotype (SFP) were operationally defined using a deficit accumulation model that excluded disability. Logistic regression analyses explored associations of the frailty phenotypes with sex, age and marital status, and a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between frailty phenotypes and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  of the eligible individuals, 82% (n = 875) participated. The prevalence of any frailty phenotype in an individual was 38.8%; 17.3% exhibited the PFP, 20.2% exhibited the MFP, and 8.9% exhibited the SPF. Older and female were more likely to exhibit the PFP, and widowhood was associated with the SFP. The hazard ratios of mortality were 3.09 (95% CI = 1.54-6.17) for the PFP and 2.69 (95% CI = 1.01-7.25) for the SFP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  three different disability-free frailty phenotypes were differentially related to the socio-demographical characteristics of sex, age and marital status and independently predicted risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Salt (Girona), Spain. josep.garre@ias.scs.es
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garre-Olmo
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calvó-Perxas
authors.forename: Secundino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López-Pousa
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Gracia Blanco
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilalta-Franch
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology