title: Moderators of the negative outcomes of nurse manager stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine moderators of the negative effects of nurse managers' stress.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nurse managers have important and stressful jobs. Stress affects outcomes such as job satisfaction and intent to quit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was used to obtain a convenience sample to examine which factors buffered negative effects of stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurse managers reported high levels of stress, although stress decreased with age. Autonomy was the most effective buffer, followed by social support and predictability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse managers should be offered autonomy and encouraged to seek support from supervisors and coworkers to reduce the negative effects of stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, California, USA. lkath@sciences.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kath
authors.forename: Jaynelle F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stichler
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ehrhart
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological