title: Geological sources of fluoride and acceptable intake of fluoride in an endemic fluorosis area, southern Iran.
abstract: The present study is the first attempt to put forward possible source(s) of fluoride in the Dashtestan area, Bushehr Province, southern Iran. In response to reports on the high incidence of dental fluorosis, 35 surface and groundwater samples were collected and analysed for fluoride. The results indicate that dissolved fluoride in the study area is above the maximum permissible limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). An additional 35 soil and rock samples were also collected and analysed for fluoride, and rock samples were subjected to petrographic investigations and X-ray diffraction. The results of these analyses show that the most likely source for fluoride in the groundwater is from clay minerals (chlorite) and micas (muscovite, sericite, and biotite) in the soils and rocks in the area. We also note that due to the high average temperatures all year round and excessive water consumption in the area, the optimum fluoride dose level should be lower than that recommended by the WHO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran. sbat@kth.se
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Battaleb-Looie
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacks
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ketabdari
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007492:Iran; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005459:Fluorides