title: Substance use and sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in specialized out-patient clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unprotected sexual intercourse between men who have sex with men (MSM) is the most common route of HIV infection in Germany. Approximately 70% of newly infected people are MSM. Substance use is a determinant of sexual risk behaviour in the general population, but also in the MSM subpopulation. There are only a few studies, from the USA, on the correlation between substance use and sexual risk behaviour in HIV-infected MSM in specialized care.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a German sample of 445 HIV-infected MSM treated in specialized out-patient clinics, the influence of substance use on sexual risk behaviour was investigated. Information was obtained from subjects using self-report questionnaires and a structured interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recreational drug use was common. The prevalences of cannabis addiction (4.5%), harmful use of cannabis (4.3%) and harmful use of dissociative anaesthetics (0.4%) were higher than in the general German male population. A substantial proportion of patients reported unprotected insertive (32.9%) and receptive (34.6%) anal intercourse during the last 12 months. Use of cannabis, amyl nitrite, dissociative anaesthetics, cocaine, amphetamines and erectile dysfunction medication was significantly correlated with unprotected sexual contacts. Substance use in the context of sexual activity significantly increased sexual risk behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substance use, especially in the context of sexual activity, should be taken into account when developing new prevention and intervention programmes aimed at reducing sexual risk behaviour in HIV-infected MSM currently in specialized care.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research Group at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Hospital of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dirks
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borgmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potthoff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jablonka
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schadendorf
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brockmeyer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scherbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult