title: Hidden effectiveness? Results of hand-searching Italian language journals for occupational health interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the yield of hand-searching with optimised electronic search strategies in retrieving occupational health (OH) intervention studies published in a language other than English.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors systematically hand-searched and screened reports of OH intervention studies published in Italian in peer-reviewed scientific journals between 1990 and 2008. The authors evaluated how many of them met the Cochrane Occupational Safety and Health Review Groups (OSHRG) definition of being an OH intervention study and how many potentially relevant studies retrieved by hand-searching would not be found by PubMed alone using the OSHRG's most specific and most sensitive search strings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hand-searching retrieved 25 articles (reporting 27 studies), including nine not indexed in MEDLINE. Most studies (81%, 22/27) had a before-after design and only one was a randomised trial. The OSHRG's most sensitive search string retrieved all 16 articles published in the Italian language journals that were indexed in MEDLINE, while the most specific search strategy retrieved nine articles (56%, 9/16). The most specific search string showed a lower 'number needed to read' value than the most sensitive one (60 vs 132).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that a sensitive electronic search strategy may be able to find most of the OH interventions published in languages other than English that are indexed in MEDLINE. Hand-searching of important national journals not indexed in MEDLINE should be considered when conducting particularly in-depth research.
authors.affiliation: Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farioli
authors.forename: Robin M T
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldasseroni
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruotsalainen
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Placidi
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curti
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanardi
authors.forename: Francesco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Violante
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing; D015706:Bibliometrics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D016239:MEDLINE; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D016272:Occupational Health; D010380:Peer Review; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D011643:Publishing; D014481:United States