title: Microalbuminuria in adult outpatients not receiving nephrological care and with risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Peruvian nephrology departments.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health issue and is considered a common and harmful, but treatable disease. Early diagnosis can prevent the possibility of severe vascular damage and its complications, facilitating prompt and aggressive therapeutic measures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria (MAU) in outpatients with known risk factors and to analyse whether a patient model exists in which screening is more efficient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ours was an observational, cross-sectional study involving 2968 patients from 23 nephrology centres in Peru. Inclusion criteria were: male and female outpatients aged ≥18 years with previous diagnosis of hypertension (AHT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or obesity. We obtained values for body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, and microalbuminuria by dipstick. We then tested for the association of these variables with MAU using odds ratios (OR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of our patients was 52.76 +/- 14.24 years, 68.41% were women, and 57.48% of the patients came from the capital. DM was diagnosed in 508 patients (19.29%), 1368 (51.93%) had hypertension, and 758 (28.78%) were obese. The frequency of MAU was 53.45%, and 8.96% of patients had MAU>100 mg/L. There was a highly significant correlation with DM (OR: 11.62; 95% CI: 8.55-15.78) and AHT (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.24-1.76), while being from the capital (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64-0.89) and female sex (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 10.60-0.86) acted as protective factors. conclusions: The frequency of microalbuminuria in the population studied was 53.45%. There was a highly significant correlation with diabetes and a hypertension found during evaluation, while being from the capital and female sex acted as protective factors.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009398:Nephrology; D010568:Peru; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult