title: Treatment of vitamin D insufficiency in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized clinical trial comparing three regimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration less than 20 ng/ml] is prevalent among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its treatment has not been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of three vitamin D repletion regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial from November 2007 to June 2010 at the Clinical and Translational Study Unit of Children's Hospital Boston. The study was not blinded to participants and investigators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of IBD, age 5-21, and serum 25OHD concentration below 20 ng/ml. Seventy-one patients enrolled, 61 completed the trial, and two withdrew due to adverse events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received orally for 6 wk: vitamin D(2), 2,000 IU daily (arm A, control); vitamin D(3), 2,000 IU daily (arm B); vitamin D(2), 50,000 IU weekly (arm C); and an age-appropriate calcium supplement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the change in serum 25OHD concentration (Δ25OHD) (ng/ml). Secondary outcomes included change in serum intact PTH concentration (ΔPTH) (pg/ml) and the adverse event occurrence rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 wk, Δ25OHD ± se was: 9.3 ± 1.8 (arm A); 16.4 ± 2.0 (arm B); 25.4 ± 2.5 (arm C); P (A vs. C) = 0.0004; P (A vs. B) = 0.03. ΔPTH ± SE was -5.6 ± 5.5 (arm A); -0.1 ± 4.2 (arm B); -4.4 ± 3.9 (arm C); P = 0.57. No participant experienced hypercalcemia or hyperphosphatemia, and the prevalence of hypercalciuria did not differ among arms at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral doses of 2,000 IU vitamin D(3) daily and 50,000 IU vitamin D(2) weekly for 6 wk are superior to 2,000 IU vitamin D(2) daily for 6 wk in raising serum 25OHD concentration and are well-tolerated among children and adolescents with IBD. The change in serum PTH concentration did not differ among arms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USDA . Helen.pappa@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kassiff
authors.forename: Rajna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Filip-Dhima
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DiFabio
authors.forename: Nicolle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Rachel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varvaris
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Straaten
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium