title: Nature and timing of incidents intercepted by the SURPASS checklist in surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than half of in-hospital adverse events can be attributed to a surgical discipline. Checklists can effectively decrease errors and adverse events. However, the mechanisms by which checklists lead to increased safety are unclear. This study aimed to assess the number, nature and timing of incidents intercepted by use of the Surgical Patient Safety System (SURPASS) checklist, a patient-specific multidisciplinary checklist that covers the entire surgical patient pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  The checklist was implemented in two academic hospitals and four teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Users of the checklist had three options for each item that was checked: 'not applicable', 'yes' and 'intercepted by checklist'. In each hospital, the first 1000 completed checklists were entered into an online central database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In six participating hospitals, 6313 checklists were collected. One or more incidents were intercepted in 2562 checklists (40.6%). In total, 6312 incidents were intercepted. After correction for the number of items and the extent of adherence in each part of the checklist, the number of intercepted incidents was highest in the preoperative and postoperative stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The checklist intercepts many potentially harmful incidents across all stages of the surgical patient pathway. The majority of incidents were intercepted in the preoperative and postoperative stages of the pathway. The degree to which these incidents would have been intercepted by a single checklist in the operating room only, compared with a checklist for the entire surgical pathway, remains a subject for future study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, G4-132.1, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eefje N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Hubert A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: M Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bennink
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neijenhuis
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Stijn
authors.forename: Sven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: van Helden
authors.forename: M Agnes
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Putten
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smorenburg
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gouma
authors.forename: Marja A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Boermeester
mesh_terms: D057189:Checklist / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009426:Netherlands; D061214:Patient Safety; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital