title: Risk of asthma and allergic outcomes in the offspring in relation to maternal food consumption during pregnancy: a Finnish birth cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological and immunological studies suggest that maternal diet during pregnancy might affect the development of allergic diseases in the offspring. The authors set out to study the effect of maternal food consumption during pregnancy on the emergence of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-based allergic outcomes: asthma, allergic rhinitis, and wheeze by the 5 yr of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2441 children at 5 yr of age were analyzed within the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study, a population-based birth cohort study. Maternal diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multiple regression models adjusted for known confounders, low maternal consumption of leafy vegetables (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.98), malaceous fruits (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.84), and chocolate (aOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.70) were positively associated with the risk of wheeze in children. High maternal consumption of fruit and berry juices was positively associated with the risk of allergic rhinitis (aOR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.90) in children. No associations were observed between maternal food consumption and asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of allergic diseases in preschool children may be influenced by intrauterine exposure to maternal diet.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. maijaliisa.erkkola@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Maijaliisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkkola
authors.forename: Bright I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Nwaru
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaila
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kronberg-Kippilä
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilonen
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veijola
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knip
authors.forename: Suvi M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000276:immunology*; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors