title: Ferritin levels and hepcidin mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells from anemic type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: This study aims to measure iron nutrition parameters and to determine the presence of anemia in obese type 2 diabetic patients and to analyze the mRNA relative abundance of genes related to inflammation, immune system, iron metabolism, and mitochondrial activity. Obese type 2 diabetic (OBDM, n=30) and healthy subjects (Cn, n=30) were studied. Biochemical, anthropometric, and iron nutrition parameters were determined. Peripheral mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic and control group were challenged with high concentrations of iron (Fe) and glucose and total mRNA was isolated. The frequency of anemia among diabetic patients was 4/30. OBDM patients with or without anemia had higher levels of ferritin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein than the Cn group. mRNA relative abundance of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells was elevated in OBDM with anemia, and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 was increased in OBDM group in basal high Fe and high glucose concentrations. The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and TLR-4 was increased in OBDM with anemia in all experimental conditions. Hepcidin mRNA expression was increased in OBDM with anemia even in basal Fe concentration, and mitofusin 2 was decreased in all experimental conditions. This study shows that obese type 2 diabetic patients have iron distribution disorders associated to their proinflammatory state, and anemic subjects have a marked elevation of hepcidin mRNA expression.
authors.affiliation: Micronutrient Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524 Macul, Santiago, Chile. monica.andrews@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arredondo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001786:Blood Glucose; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C470018:MFN2 protein, human; D005947:Glucose