title: Abscisic acid deficiency antagonizes high-temperature inhibition of disease resistance through enhancing nuclear accumulation of resistance proteins SNC1 and RPS4 in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Plant defense responses to pathogens are influenced by abiotic factors, including temperature. Elevated temperatures often inhibit the activities of disease resistance proteins and the defense responses they mediate. A mutant screen with an Arabidopsis thaliana temperature-sensitive autoimmune mutant bonzai1 revealed that the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant aba2 enhances resistance mediated by the resistance (R) gene suppressor of npr1-1 constitutive1 (SNC1) at high temperature. ABA deficiency promoted nuclear accumulation of SNC1, which was essential for it to function at low and high temperatures. Furthermore, the effect of ABA deficiency on SNC1 protein accumulation is independent of salicylic acid, whose effects are often antagonized by ABA. ABA deficiency also promotes the activity and nuclear localization of R protein resistance to Pseudomonas syringae4 at higher temperature, suggesting that the effect of ABA on R protein localization and nuclear activity is rather broad. By contrast, mutations that confer ABA insensitivity did not promote defense responses at high temperature, suggesting either tissue specificity of ABA signaling or a role of ABA in defense regulation independent of the core ABA signaling machinery. Taken together, this study reveals a new intersection between ABA and disease resistance through R protein localization and provides further evidence of antagonism between abiotic and biotic responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Hyung-Gon
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Mang
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Hong-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Klessig
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; C482739:SNC1 protein, Arabidopsis; C097421:rps4 protein, plant; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C469255:ABA2 protein, Arabidopsis; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D020156:Salicylic Acid