title: Hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for the development of hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This cross-sectional study included 180 consecutive, non-demented patients with PD. Out of them, 24 patients (13%) experienced some kind of hallucinations. Visual hallucinations were present in 22/24 (90%) subjects. Univariate logistic regression analysis has shown relationship between presence of hallucinations and the following variables: age of patients (p = 0.025), PD duration (p = 0.001), duration of levodopa treatment (p = 0.001), total daily dose of levodopa (p = 0.033), presence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (p = 0.002) and their duration (p = 0.021), and experience of nightmares (p = 0.042). Hallucinations were also associated with higher scores of the UPDRS (p = 0.001), HDRS (p = 0.001) and the NPI total score (p = 0.001), and higher H-Y stages of the disease (p = 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis has demonstrated that the duration of PD (p = 0.024) as well as NPI total score (p = 0.002) was significant independent risk factors for hallucinations in PD.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. marinasvetel@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svetel
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smiljković
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pekmezović
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kostić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires