title: Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery: A Consensus Statement of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery (ISMICS) 2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : This purpose of this consensus conference was to determine whether surgical atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation during cardiac surgery improves clinical and resource outcomes compared with cardiac surgery alone in adults undergoing cardiac surgery for valve or coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Before the consensus conference, the consensus panel reviewed the best available evidence, whereby systematic reviews, randomized trials, and nonrandomized trials were considered in descending order of validity and importance. Evidence-based statements were created, and consensus processes were used to determine the ensuing recommendations. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology system was used to label the level of evidence and class of recommendation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : The consensus panel agreed on the following statements in patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery concomitant surgical ablation:
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Given these evidence-based statements, the consensus panel stated that, in patients with persistent and permanent AF undergoing cardiac surgery, concomitant surgical ablation is recommended to increase incidence of sinus rhythm at short- and long-term follow-up (class 1, level A); to reduce the risk of stroke and thromboembolic events (class 2a, level B); to improve EF (class 2a, level A); and to exercise tolerance (class 2a, level A) and long-term survival (class 2a, level B).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA USA.
authors.forename: Niv
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ad
authors.forename: Davy C H
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Eva E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Berglin
authors.forename: Byung-Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doukas
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gammie
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Randall K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Puskas