title: Incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of sinus graft infection after sinus floor elevation: a clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this clinical study were to evaluate the occurrence of sinus graft infection and the results of a planned surgical and pharmacologic treatment regimen to eliminate infections and preserve the graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were consecutively treated with sinus floor elevations using the lateral window technique. If a clinical diagnosis of sinus graft infection was made for a patient, a postoperative computed tomographic scan was performed to diagnose involvement of the sinus cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 198 patients treated with 274 sinus grafts, 8 (2.3%) developed a sinus graft infection. These patients were treated with the same surgical and pharmacologic regimen. Symptoms of infection were recognized, the infected graft was removed, and the remaining graft material was cleansed. The remaining defect was not filled with new graft material; instead, it was left to heal for an extended healing period (average of 10.6 months), and residual bone defects were corrected during implant placement. Acute symptoms of infection disappeared within 48 hours of treatment and all patients healed uneventfully thereafter. All 24 implants placed have survived to date (with implant loading times ranging from 1 to 9 years), resulting in a 100% implant survival rate for these sites with postoperative infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall clinical outcome, including patient satisfaction, achievement of optimal graft volume without subsequent sinus elevation, and long-term implant survival, confirmed the success of this treatment protocol.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA. istvan@implant.hu
authors.forename: Istvan A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagursky
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Jaime L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lozada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003094:Collagen; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C106416:Bio-Gide; C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008903:Minerals; D003094:Collagen