title: In vitro activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) on three pre-parasitic stages of susceptible and resistant strains of Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta.
abstract: Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes is considered as one of the main limiting factors causing significant economic losses to the small ruminant industry. The anthelmintic properties of some plants are among the suggested alternative solutions to control these parasitic worms. The present study investigated the anthelmintic activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf extracts against the susceptible and resistant strains of one of the most important nematodes in small ruminants, Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta. Three different in vitro tests: egg hatch test, larval development assay, and larval paralysis assay were used to determine the efficiency of neem and cassava extracts on three pre-parasitic stages of T. circumcincta. The LC(50) was determined for the most potent extract in each plant as well as the phytochemical tests, total tannin quantification and cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of goats. The results revealed a high anthelmintic activity of neem methanol extract (NME) and cassava methanol extract (CME) on both strains of T. circumcincta without significant differences between the strains. The first stage larvae were more sensitive with the lowest LC(50) at 7.15 mg/ml and 10.72 mg/ml for NME and CME, respectively, compared with 44.20mg/ml and 56.68 mg/ml on eggs and 24.91 mg/ml and 71.96 mg/ml on infective stage larvae.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. alrifai2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Rofaai
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Yahaya
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D002365:Manihot / Q000737:chemistry*; D010028:Ostertagia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015766:Albendazole