title: Nutritional and psycho-functional status in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of variations of nutritional status in relation to psycho-functional conditions in elderly patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) by means of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alzheimer Center, SS. Trinità Hospital, Cagliari (Italy).
  
  
  METHODS
  83 free-living patients (29 men, 54 women) with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease, aged 66 to 96 years, and 91 age-matched controls (37 men and 54 women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometry (weight, height, waist and upper arm circumferences, triceps skinfold; body mass index, BMI; arm muscle area, AMA); Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA®; bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, BIVA. Psycho-functional status was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control groups, patients with Alzheimer's disease had a worse psycho-functional and nutritional status. BIVA detected lower body cell mass in Alzheimer's patients with respect to controls (men: T²= 23.4; women: T²=27.3; p<0.01), as well as in the female patients with lower levels of IADL and MMSE (respectively, T²= 8.0; T²=7.4; p<0.05). In patients with AD, a worse psycho-functional status was associated with obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The psycho-functional decline of patients with AD is related to body composition variations, with a relative increase of fat mass with respect to the muscle component. The BIVA technique distinguished patients from controls and patients with different levels of cognitive decline. Therefore, it is a suitable tool for the screening and monitoring of nutritional status in Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Anthropological Science Section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saragat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buffa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mereu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Succa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cabras
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mereu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Viale
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Putzu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marini
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors