title: The evaluation and treatment of graves ophthalmopathy.
abstract: Optimum care of the patient with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) is achieved through teamwork between the endocrinologist and ophthalmologist, with input from ancillary specialists as needed. Clinical evaluation should include determination of both the severity and the activity of the disease. It is important to assess early in the evaluation the impact of the disease on the patient's quality of life and their priorities and expectations regarding management. Once this information has been gathered, careful discussion between patient and physicians can define the management plan. This article reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, evaluation, and management of GO.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Marius N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Stan
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garrity
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bahn
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D018450:Disease Progression; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors