title: Ideal cardiovascular health in childhood and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The American Heart Association (AHA) defined a new concept, cardiovascular health, and determined metrics needed to monitor it over time as part of its 2020 Impact Goal definition. Ideal cardiovascular health is defined by the presence of both ideal health behaviors and ideal health factors. The applicability of this concept to a cohort of children and its relationship with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood has not been reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample comprised 856 participants aged 12 to 18 years (mean age 15.0 years) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort. Participants were followed up for 21 years since baseline (1986) and had data available concerning health factors and behaviors in childhood and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood (2007). The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood was associated with reduced risk of hypertension (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.66 [0.52-0.85], P<0.001), metabolic syndrome (0.66 [0.52-0.77], P<0.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.66 [0.52-0.85], P=0.001), and high-risk carotid artery intima-media thickness (0.75 [0.60-0.94], P=0.01) in adulthood. All analyses were age and sex adjusted, and the results were not altered after additional adjustment with socioeconomic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood predicts subsequent cardiometabolic health in adulthood. Our findings suggest that pursuit of ideal cardiovascular health in childhood is important to prevent cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: BM, Research Centre of Applied & Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku, Finland. tomi.laitinen@utu.fi
authors.forename: Tomi T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pahkala
authors.forename: Costan G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Magnussen
authors.forename: Jorma S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oikonen
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taittonen
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mikkilä
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hutri-Kähönen
authors.forename: Tomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL