title: Cognitive impairment is related to oxidative stress and chemokine levels in first psychotic episodes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study measures the levels of various markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in blood samples from first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, and examines the association between these peripheral biomarkers and cognitive performance at 6 months after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight FEP patients and 28 healthy controls (matched by age, sex and educational level) had blood samples taken at admission for assessment of total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, nitrites and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). A battery of cognitive tests was also applied to the healthy controls and those FEP patients who were in remission at 6 months after the acute episode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FEP patients had significantly lower levels of total antioxidant status, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, compared with the healthy controls. Regression analyses found that MCP-1 levels were negatively associated with learning and memory (verbal and working), nitrite levels were negatively associated with executive function, and glutathione levels were positively associated with executive function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest an association between certain peripheral markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and specific aspects of cognitive functioning in FEP patients. Further studies on the association between MCP-1 and cognition are warranted.
authors.affiliation: CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain. monica.martinezcengotitabengoa@osakidetza.net
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cengotitabengoa
authors.forename: Karina Soledad
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mac-Dowell
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leza
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Micó
authors.forename: Miryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Echevarría
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanjuan
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elorza
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Pinto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D009573:Nitrites; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione