title: Fast track minimally invasive transmyocardial revascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : We evaluated the initial results of a fast-track discharge protocol for patients undergoing minimally invasive transmyocardial revascularization (MiTMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  : Fifteen male patients, aged 64.5 ± 9.2 years, with an ejection fraction of 46.8% ± 9.9%, underwent MiTMR through a mini-left anterior thoracotomy aided by robotic-controlled thoracoscopic assistance. A postoperative management protocol included immediate extubation, early chest tube and pulmonary artery catheter removal, and mobilization within 12 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : There were no operative arrhythmias or in-hospital mortalities. Three of 15 patients developed left lower lobe atelectasis, delaying discharge between 2 and 5 days. Overall hospital length of stay was 1.4 ± 1.2 days, although 12 of 15 patients (80%) were discharged to home in 23 hours. Mild-moderate cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction 30%-50%) was not associated with prolonged length of stay. Mean hospital profit margin was $1882.50. One 30-day readmission occurred on day 23 for rapid atrial fibrillation, and one death occurred on day 11.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Despite these high-risk patients having end-staged, ischemic coronary artery disease, most MiTMR patients can be discharged to home in less than 24 hours. Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates are relatively low, and hospital profit margins are modest.
authors.affiliation: From the Peninsula Regional Heart Center, Salisbury, MD USA.
authors.forename: Kurt E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wehberg
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Nicholas L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Ogburn
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonard