title: Selection of haploid maize kernels from hybrid kernels for plant breeding using near-infrared spectroscopy and SIMCA analysis.
abstract: Samples of haploid and hybrid seed from three different maize donor genotypes after maternal haploid induction were used to test the capability of automated near-infrared transmission spectroscopy to individually differentiate haploid from hybrid seeds. Using a two-step chemometric  analysis in which the seeds were first classified according to genotype and then the haploid or hybrid status was determined proved to be the most successful approach. This approach allowed 11 of 13 haploid and 25 of 25 hybrid kernels to be correctly identified from a mixture that included  seeds of all the genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. jonesrw@ameslab.gov
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Tonu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinot
authors.forename: Ursula K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: Yichia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lübberstedt
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: McClelland
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D005838:Genotype; D006238:Haploidy; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*