title: Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in in-patients with schizophrenia: nationwide population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia has rarely been systematically investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between schizophrenia and a variety of autoimmune diseases and to explore possible gender variation in any such association.
  
  
  METHODS
  Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database was used to identify 10 811 hospital in-patients with schizophrenia and 108 110 age-matched controls. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, separately, to evaluate the association between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia. We applied the false discovery rate to correct for multiple testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the control group, the in-patients with schizophrenia had an increased risk of Graves' disease (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.67), psoriasis (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.07-2.04), pernicious anaemia (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.04-2.80), celiac disease (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.12-5.27) and hypersensitivity vasculitis (OR = 5.00, 95% CI 1.64-15.26), whereas a reverse association with rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.76) was also observed. Gender-specific variation was found for Sjögren syndrome, hereditary haemolytic anaemia, myasthenia gravis, polymyalgia rheumatica and dermatomyositis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia was associated with a greater variety of autoimmune diseases than was anticipated. Further investigation is needed to gain a better understanding of the aetiology of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Yuli Mental Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Veteran Hospital, Hualien, and Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shaw-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Chuan-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chia-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Erin Chia-Hsuan
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chi-Shin
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hsueh-Han
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Chia-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology