title: Adoption and use of social media among public health departments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective communication is a critical function within any public health system. Social media has enhanced communication between individuals and organizations and has the potential to augment public health communication. However, there is a lack of reported data on social media adoption within public health settings. The purposes of this study were to assess: 1) the extent to which state public health departments (SHDs) are using social media; 2) which social media applications are used most often; and 3) how often social media is used interactively to engage audiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a non-experimental, cross sectional study of SHD social media sites. Screen capture software Snag-It® was used to obtain screenshots of SHD social media sites across five applications. These sites were coded for social media presence, interactivity, reach, and topic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty percent of SHDs reported using at least one social media application. Of these, 86.7% had a Twitter account, 56% a Facebook account, and 43% a YouTube channel. There was a statistically significant difference between average population density and use of social media (p = .01). On average, SHDs made one post per day on social media sites, and this was primarily to distribute information; there was very little interaction with audiences. SHDs have few followers or friends on their social media sites. The most common topics for posts and tweets related to staying healthy and diseases and conditions. Limitations include the absence of a standard by which social media metrics measure presence, reach, or interactivity; SHDs were only included if they had an institutionally maintained account; and the study was cross sectional.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social media use by public health agencies is in the early adoption stage. However, the reach of social media is limited. SHDs are using social media as a channel to distribute information rather than capitalizing on the interactivity available to create conversations and engage with the audience. If public health agencies are to effectively use social media then they must develop a strategic communication plan that incorporates best practices for expanding reach and fostering interactivity and engagement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Brigham Young University, 221 Richards Building, Provo, UT, USA. rosemary_thackeray@byu.edu
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thackeray
authors.forename: Brad L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Neiger
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Sarah B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Van Wagenen
mesh_terms: D011635:Public Health Administration / Q000639:trends*; D061108:Social Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013219:State Government; D014481:United States