title: Biodegradation of pig manure by the housefly, Musca domestica: a viable ecological strategy for pig manure management.
abstract: The technology for biodegradation of pig manure by using houseflies in a pilot plant capable of processing 500-700 kg of pig manure per week is described. A single adult cage loaded with 25,000 pupae produced 177.7±32.0 ml of eggs in a 15-day egg-collection period. With an inoculation ratio of 0.4-1.0 ml eggs/kg of manure, the amount of eggs produced by a single cage can suffice for the biodegradation of 178-444 kg of manure. Larval development varied among four different types of pig manure (centrifuged slurry, fresh manure, manure with sawdust, manure without sawdust). Larval survival ranged from 46.9±2.1%, in manure without sawdust, to 76.8±11.9% in centrifuged slurry. Larval development took 6-11 days, depending on the manure type. Processing of 1 kg of wet manure produced 43.9-74.3 g of housefly pupae and the weight of the residue after biodegradation decreased to 0.18-0.65 kg, with marked differences among manure types. Recommendations for the operation of industrial-scale biodegradation facilities are presented and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. helena.cickova@savba.sk
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Čičková
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozánek
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sánchez
authors.forename: Santos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rojo
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Takáč
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004463:Ecology / Q000379:methods*; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D006793:Houseflies / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves; D010063:Ovum / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008372:Manure