title: Osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts induced by calcium silicate and calcium silicate/β-tricalcium phosphate composite bioceramics.
abstract: In this study, calcium silicate (CS) and CS/β-tricalcium phosphate (CS/β-TCP) composites were investigated on their mechanism of osteogenic proliferation and differentiation through regulating osteogenic-related gene and proteins. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured in the extracts of these CS-based bioceramics and pure β-TCP, respectively. The main ionic content in extracts was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The cell viability, mineralization, and differentiation were evaluated by MTT assay, Alizarin Red-S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. The expressions of BMP-2, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Runx2, ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) at both gene and protein level were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and Western blot. The result showed that the extracts of CS-based bioceramics promoted cells proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization when compared with pure β-TCP. Accordingly, pure CS and CS/β-TCP composites stimulated osteoblast-like cells to express BMP-2/TGF-β gene and proteins, and further regulate the expression of Runx2 gene and protein, and ultimately affect the ALP activity and OCN deposition. This study suggested that the CS-based bioceramics could not only promote the expression of osteogenic-related genes but also enhance the genes to encode the corresponding proteins, which could finally control osteoblast-like cells proliferation and differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Kaili
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D017640:Silicates; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C031293:calcium silicate