title: Sleep apnoea, anxiety, depression and somatoform pain: a community-based high-risk sample.
abstract: Community-based studies that measure both psychiatric diagnoses and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are lacking. This study reports current psychiatric disorders in community-dwelling adults at high risk for OSA identified by the Berlin Questionnaire. Furthermore, associations between OSA and current psychiatric disorders, unadjusted and adjusted for putative confounders, are reported. A subsample of the Akershus Sleep Apnoea Project consisting of 290 adults, aged 30-65 yrs, with positive Berlin Questionnaire screening underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version IV and polysomnography. Auxiliary analyses of depression are provided. The median apnoea/hypopnoea index score in the sample was 7.7 (interquartile range 2.4-22.2). Major depressive disorder, current anxiety and somatoform pain disorder were diagnosed in 12.4%, 14.8% and 19.3% of participants, respectively. At least one psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 110 participants. The odds ratio of participants with OSA having a psychiatric disorder compared with participants without OSA was 0.54 (95% CI 0.33-0.88). A negative association did not exist among Berlin Questionnaire low-risk participants. In conclusion, more than one-third of participants in a community-based, Berlin Questionnaire high-risk sample were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. A negative association between OSA and psychiatric morbidity was found.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Otopharyngeology, Surgical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway. Harald.hrubos-strom@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hrubos-Strøm
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Einvik
authors.forename: Inger Hilde
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Nordhus
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Randby
authors.forename: Ståle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallesen
authors.forename: Torbjørn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moum
authors.forename: Torbjørn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omland
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires