title: Unraveling the concentration-dependent metabolic response of Pseudomonas sp. HF-1 to nicotine stress by ¹H NMR-based metabolomics.
abstract: Nicotine can cause oxidative damage to organisms; however, some bacteria, for example Pseudomonas sp. HF-1, are resistant to such oxidative stress. In the present study, we analyzed the concentration-dependent metabolic response of Pseudomonas sp. HF-1 to nicotine stress using ¹H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis. We found that the dominant metabolites in Pseudomonas sp. HF-1 were eight aliphatic organic acids, six amino acids, three sugars and 11 nucleotides. After 18 h of cultivation, 1 g/L nicotine caused significant elevation of sugar (glucose, trehalose and maltose), succinate and nucleic acid metabolites (cytidine, 5'-CMP, guanine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate), but decrease of glutamate, putrescine, pyrimidine, 2-propanol, diethyl ether and acetamide levels. Similar metabolomic changes were induced by 2 g/L nicotine, except that no significant change in trehalose, 5'-UMP levels and diethyl ether were found. However, 3 g/L nicotine led to a significant elevation in the two sugars (trehalose and maltose) levels and decrease in the levels of glutamate, putrescine, pyrimidine and 2-propanol. Our findings indicated that nicotine resulted in the enhanced nucleotide biosynthesis, decreased glucose catabolism, elevated succinate accumulation, severe disturbance in osmoregulation and complex antioxidant strategy. And a further increase of nicotine level was a critical threshold value that triggered the change of metabolic flow in Pseudomonas sp. HF-1. These findings revealed the comprehensive insights into the metabolic response of nicotine-degrading bacteria to nicotine-induced oxidative toxicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
authors.forename: Yangfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhenmei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008320:Maltose / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011700:Putrescine / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014199:Trehalose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D011743:Pyrimidines; D008320:Maltose; D009538:Nicotine; D019802:Succinic Acid; D014199:Trehalose; D005947:Glucose; C030986:pyrimidine; D019840:2-Propanol; D011700:Putrescine