title: Genetic diversity in the block 2 region of the merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium falciparum in central India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malaria continues to be a significant health problem in India. Several of the intended Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens are highly polymorphic. The genetic diversity of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) has been extensively studied from various parts of the world. However, limited data are available from India. The aim of the present study was a molecular characterization of block 2 region of MSP-1 gene from the tribal-dominated, forested region of Madhya Pradesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA sequencing analysis was carried out in 71 field isolates collected between July 2005 to November 2005 and in 98 field isolates collected from July 2009 to December 2009. Alleles identified by DNA sequencing were aligned with the strain 3D7 and polymorphism analysis was done by using Edit Sequence tool (DNASTAR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The malaria positivity was 26% in 2005, which rose to 29% in 2009 and P. falciparum prevalence was also increased from 72% in 2005 to 81% in 2009. The overall allelic prevalence was higher in K1 (51%) followed by MAD20 (28%) and RO33 (21%) in 2005 while in 2009, RO33 was highest (40%) followed by K1 (36%) and MAD20 (24%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study reports extensive genetic variations and dynamic evolution of block 2 region of MSP-1 in central India. Characterization of antigenic diversity in vaccine candidate antigens are valuable for future vaccine trials as well as understanding the population dynamics of P. falciparum parasites in this area.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals, Garha, Jabalpur 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Praveen K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bharti
authors.forename: Man M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Yagya D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Neeru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011157:Population Dynamics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1