title: Hypnosis to alleviate the symptoms of ciguatera toxicity: a case study.
abstract: Ciguatera toxicity is a poisoning from consuming reef fish that had fed on dinoflagellates such as Gambierdiscus toxicus found along coral reefs. The toxin is oil soluble, odorless, colorless, tasteless, heat stable, and is concentrated in larger carnivorous fish such as amberjack, barracuda, eel, grouper, red snapper, sea bass, and Spanish mackerel. Onset of symptoms is usually within 6-12 hours after ingestion. Gastrointestinal symptoms lasting 1-2 days include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Neurological symptoms may persist for weeks or several months or--rarely--years and include circumoral and extremity paresthesias, temperature sensation reversal, itching, weakness, ataxia, and others. A patient with burning hands and feet who had not found relief using other methods had diagnosis of ciguatera toxicity assisted by hypnotically refreshed memory followed by rapid relief with hypnotic suggestions in 1 session and remained free of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, MDC 079, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Laser
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Shenefelt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001326:Autogenic Training; D036841:Ciguatera Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005528:Foot / Q000294:innervation; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D012043:Regression, Psychology; D013404:Suggestion