title: Defining optimal laser-fiber sweeping angle for effective tissue vaporization using 180 W 532 nm lithium triborate laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study is to identify the most efficient sweeping angle (SA) during photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were conducted with GreenLight XPS™ laser at 120 and 180 W. Ten blocks of porcine kidney were used for each SA (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 degrees). Vaporization efficiency was assessed by the amount of tissue removed per time. The coagulation zone (CZ) thickness was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal vaporization rate (VR) was achieved at SA 15 and 30 degrees. Irrespective of power, VR increased and CZ decreased linearly with decreasing SA from 120 to 30 degrees. The CZ was the thinnest at SA 30 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimal vaporization occurred at a SA of 15 degrees and 30 degrees with the lowest CZ at 30 degrees. Contrary to a previous recommendation for a wider SA (60 degrees or greater), a narrower SA (30 degrees) achieved the maximal tissue vaporization efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Benjamin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyun Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Danop
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rajabhandharaks
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutman
authors.forename: E Charles
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Osterberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000601:surgery; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D018020:Lithium Compounds; C021051:lithium borate