title: Phylogeography and demographic history of Babina pleuraden (Anura, Ranidae) in southwestern China.
abstract: Factors that determine genetic structure of species in southwestern China remain largely unknown. In this study, sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and cyt b) were determined to investigate the phylogeography and demography of Babina pleuraden, a pond frog endemic to southwestern China. A total of 262 individuals from 22 populations across the entire range of the species were collected. Our results indicate that B. pleuraden comprises five well-supported mitochondrial lineages roughly corresponding to five geographical areas. The phylogeographic structure of B. pleuraden has been shaped primarily by the unique regional responses of the Yunnan Plateau to the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau occurred c. 2.5 Mya (B phrase of Qingzang Movement) and climatic oscillation during middle Pleistocene (c. 0.64-0.36 Mya), rather than by the paleo-drainage systems. The present wide distribution of the species has resulted from recent population expansion (c. 0.053-0.025 Mya) from multiple refugia prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, corresponding to the scenario of "refugia within refugia".
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Zejun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dingqi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Junxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D003710:Demography; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D061005:Ponds; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011898:Ranidae / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D045303:Cytochromes b; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV