title: Carnosine enhances diabetic wound healing in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disorder with severe late complications. Normal wound healing involves a series of complex and well-orchestrated molecular events dictated by multiple factors. In diabetes, wound healing is grossly impaired due to defective, and dysregulated cellular and molecular events at all phases of wound healing resulting in chronic wounds that fail to heal. Carnosine, a dipeptide of alanine and histidine and an endogenous antioxidant is documented to accelerate healing of wounds and ulcers. However, not much is known about its role in wound healing in diabetes. Therefore, we studied the effect of carnosine in wound healing in db/db mice, a mice model of Type 2 DM. Six millimeter circular wounds were made in db/db mice and analyzed for wound healing every other day. Carnosine (100 mg/kg) was injected (I.P.) every day and also applied locally. Treatment with carnosine enhanced wound healing significantly, and wound tissue analysis showed increased expression of growth factors and cytokines genes involved in wound healing. In vitro studies with human dermal fibroblasts and microvascular-endothelial cells showed that carnosine increases cell viability in presence of high glucose. These effects, in addition to its known role as an antioxidant and a precursor for histamine synthesis, provide evidence for a possible therapeutic use of carnosine in diabetic wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Centrum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Solna, Sweden. ishrath.ansurudeen@ki.se
authors.forename: Ishrath
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ansurudeen
authors.forename: Vivekananda Gupta
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Sunkari
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grünler
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Claus Peter
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Sergiu-Bogdan
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Catrina
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brismar
authors.forename: Elisabete Alcantara
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Forsberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002336:Carnosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D002336:Carnosine