title: A pragmatic multicentered randomized controlled trial of yoga for chronic low back pain: economic evaluation.
abstract: METHODS
  Multicentered randomized controlled trial with quality of life and resource use data collected.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of yoga intervention plus usual care compared with usual care alone for chronic or recurrent low back pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Yoga has been shown as an effective intervention for treating chronic or recurrent low back pain. However, there is little evidence on its cost-effectiveness. The data are extracted from a pragmatic, multicentered, randomized controlled trial that has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 12-week progressive program of yoga plus usual care in patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  With this trial data, a cost-effectiveness analysis during the time period of 12 months from both perspectives of the UK National Health Service and the societal is presented. Main outcome measure is an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the perspective of the U.K. National Health Service, yoga intervention yields an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £13,606 per QALY. Given a willingness to pay for an additional QALY of £20,000, the probability of yoga intervention being cost-effective is 72%. From the perspective of the society, yoga intervention is a dominant treatment compared with usual care alone. This result is surrounded by fewer uncertainties-the probability of yoga being cost-effective reaches 95% at a willingness to pay for an additional QALY of £20,000. Sensitive analyses suggest the same results that yoga intervention is likely to be cost-effective in both perspectives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this trial, 12 weekly group classes of specialized yoga are likely to be a cost-effective intervention for treating patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain.
authors.affiliation: York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, The University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
authors.forename: Ling-Hsiang
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Marta O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tilbrook
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aplin
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semlyen
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trewhela
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Torgerson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000191:economics*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D015013:Yoga; D055815:Young Adult