title: Fruit juice consumption is associated with improved nutrient adequacy in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the contribution of 100 % fruit juice (FJ) consumption to dietary adequacy of shortfall nutrients by children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and adolescents aged 2-18 years (n 7250). Usual intake, determined from two 24 h dietary recalls, was calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. The population was dichotomized into consumers or non-consumers of 100 % FJ. The age/gender-specific percentage of the two consumption groups with intakes less than the Estimated Average Requirement or that exceeded the Adequate Intake for selected nutrients was determined. A Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used to determine significance (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children aged 2-5 years had the highest percentage of 100 % FJ consumers (71.1 %), followed by children aged 6-12 years (57.0 %) and adolescents aged 13-18 years (44.5 %). Compared with 100 % FJ consumers, a significantly higher percentage of non-consumers had intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A (24.4 (SE 2.5) % v. 42.2 (SE 2.5) %), vitamin C (0.1 (SE 0.2) % v. 38.9 (SE 4.1) %), folate (8.8 (SE 1.5) % v. 22.1 (SE 2.4) %), P (11.6 (SE 2.1) % v. 21.3 (SE 2.6) %) and Mg (25.8 (SE 1.7) % v. 46.1 (SE 2.0) %). A greater percentage of 100 % FJ consumers exceeded the Adequate Intake for K (2.4 (SE 0.5) v. 0.5 (SE 0.2) %) compared with non-consumers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of 100 % FJ is associated with improved nutrient adequacy and can contribute to a healthy diet.
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. coneil1@lsu.edu
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nicklas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanovec
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Victor L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Fulgoni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients