title: Inhalation study of polymethyl methacrylate following radiologist exposure during percutaneous vertebroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the atmospheric concentrations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) vapors during percutaneous vertebroplasty for the interventional radiologist and the other operating room staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  During percutaneous vertebroplasty, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mixture (about 20 mL) was prepared with a mixing system in a normally ventilated room. Atmospheric concentrations of MMA vapors were measured by a gas absorbent badge for individual exposure (GABIE) passive sampler attached to the surgical gowns of the interventional radiologist and the other operating room staff over a period of 460 min. Active sampling was performed over 15 min with an individual pump placed near the breathing zone of the radiologist. MMA vapor concentrations were then measured using gas chromatography and activated charcoal tubes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean MMA vapor concentrations measured by the GABIEs over the period of 460 min were 0.51 parts per million (ppm) for the radiologist and 0.22 ppm for the other operating room staff. The emission peaks measured by using charcoal tubes over 15 min were 3.7 ppm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMA vapor concentrations during percutaneous vertebroplasty were well below the recommended maximum exposure of 100 ppm over the course of an 8-h workday.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Archet 2, 151 route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, B.P 3079, 06202, Nice Cedex 3, France. amorettinicolas@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amoretti
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coco
authors.forename: Yasir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Marcy
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ianessi
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Amoretti
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hauger
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000032:analysis*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010820:Physicians; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000032:analysis*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D054854:Vertebroplasty
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001843:Bone Cements; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate