title: Analytical procedures for the determination of emerging organic contaminants in plant material: a review.
abstract: In this review, recent developments for the determination of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in plant tissues are discussed focusing on the homogenization, extraction and determination steps involved. Eleven classes of EOCs, namely antibiotics, analgesics, antiepileptics, antidepressants, antiseptics, plasticizers, fragrances, surfactants, flame retardants, and phenoxy acid herbicides, have been evaluated. Methods are critically reviewed in terms of all the analytical steps involved in the analysis, sampling and sample preparation, separation, and the detection strategies employed. The extraction from tissue samples was performed in most cases by solid-liquid extraction, whereas the clean-up was performed by solid-phase extraction. The identification and quantification of EOCs in crops from the agricultural field (i.e. parts per billion range) is usually performed by using mass spectrometry techniques such as single quadrupole mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry coupled to high resolution chromatographic techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are more rarely used. New developments such as in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the assessment of the bioavailability-bioaccesibility of contaminants in crops are shown. The main scope of this review is to critically evaluate the current state of the art of the analytical techniques used and to identify the research needs in the determination of EOCs in crops.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain. victor.matamoros@udg.edu
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matamoros
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calderón-Preciado
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bayona
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals