title: Combining Cep290 and Mkks ciliopathy alleles in mice rescues sensory defects and restores ciliogenesis.
abstract: Cilia are highly specialized microtubule-based organelles that have pivotal roles in numerous biological processes, including transducing sensory signals. Defects in cilia biogenesis and transport cause pleiotropic human ciliopathies. Mutations in over 30 different genes can lead to cilia defects, and complex interactions exist among ciliopathy-associated proteins. Mutations of the centrosomal protein 290 kDa (CEP290) lead to distinct clinical manifestations, including Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a hereditary cause of blindness due to photoreceptor degeneration. Mice homozygous for a mutant Cep290 allele (Cep290rd16 mice) exhibit LCA-like early-onset retinal degeneration that is caused by an in-frame deletion in the CEP290 protein. Here, we show that the domain deleted in the protein encoded by the Cep290rd16 allele directly interacts with another ciliopathy protein, MKKS. MKKS mutations identified in patients with the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome disrupted this interaction. In zebrafish embryos, combined subminimal knockdown of mkks and cep290 produced sensory defects in the eye and inner ear. Intriguingly, combinations of Cep290rd16 and Mkksko alleles in mice led to improved ciliogenesis and sensory functions compared with those of either mutant alone. We propose that altered association of CEP290 and MKKS affects the integrity of multiprotein complexes at the cilia transition zone and basal body. Amelioration of the sensory phenotypes caused by specific mutations in one protein by removal of an interacting domain/protein suggests a possible novel approach for treating human ciliopathies.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Rivka A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rachel
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: May-Simera
authors.forename: Shobi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veleri
authors.forename: Norimoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: Byung Yoon
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murga-Zamalloa
authors.forename: Jeremy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Jonah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Alice N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Anneke I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: den Hollander
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Beales
authors.forename: Tiansen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Samuel G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Koenekoop
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swaroop
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D020788:Bardet-Biedl Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018833:Chaperonins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002923:Cilia / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004423:Ear / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D056385:Group II Chaperonins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D057130:Leber Congenital Amaurosis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055212:Photoreceptor Connecting Cilium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C559615:CEP290 protein, zebrafish; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C493903:Cep290 protein, human; C513600:Cep290 protein, mouse; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C414726:MKKS protein, human; C572628:MKKS protein, zebrafish; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C506279:Mkks protein, mouse; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D018833:Chaperonins; D056385:Group II Chaperonins