title: Analgesic effects of lidocaine, morphine and diclofenac on movement-induced nociception, as assessed by the Knee-Bend and CatWalk tests in a rat model of osteoarthritis.
abstract: Pain is the major symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) and the main reason for patients seeking medical care, but its treatment is not optimal. Animal studies are necessary to elucidate mechanisms underlying OA-induced pain and assess analgesics' efficacy. Previously, we showed that the Knee-Bend test and dynamic weight bearing by the CatWalk test are clinically relevant methods for assessing movement-induced nociception in the mono-iodoacetate (MIA) OA model. Using the same tests, in the present study we investigate the effects of lidocaine (5 mg, 10% solution, intra-articular), morphine (6 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and diclofenac (30 mg/kg per os) on nociceptive behavior in OA animals, on days 3 and 20 of OA evolution. Morphine reduced nociceptive behavior in both tests at both time-points. Lidocaine also decreased nociceptive behavior in both tests on day 3, but on day 20 only reduced the Knee-Bend score. Diclofenac was highly effective in both tests on day 3, while on day 20 it induced a less pronounced decrease in the Knee-Bend score and was ineffective in the CatWalk test. The results showed that the Knee-Bend and CatWalk tests are reliable alternative methods for evaluating movement-induced nociception in OA animals, and measure nociception in a clinically relevant way, since an analgesic profile similar to the one described in humans was observed. Therefore, these tests might be important as good predictors of drug efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto and IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200 Porto, Portugal. jogomes@med.up.pt
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Gomes
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adães
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castro-Lopes
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004008:Diclofenac; D009020:Morphine; D008012:Lidocaine