title: Mosquito larvicidal properties of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen. (Family: Labiatae) against mosquito vectors, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the mosquito larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol leaf extract of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (O. thymiflorus) against Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi), Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) and Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti).
  
  
  METHODS
  The larvicidal activity was assayed against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from (50-450 ppm) under the laboratory conditions. The LC(50) and LC(90) value of the O. thymiflorus leaf extract was determined by Probit analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LC(50) values of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of O. thymiflorus third instar larvae of An. stephensi were LC(50)= 201.39, 178.76, 158.06, 139.22 and 118.74 ppm; Cx. quinquefasciatus were LC(50)=228.13, 209.72, 183.35, 163.55 and 149.96 ppm and Ae. aegypti were LC(50)=215.65, 197.91, 175.05, 154.80 and 137.26 ppm, respectively. Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanolic extract followed by acetone, ethyl acetate chloroform and hexane extract. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. No mortality was observed in control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that the effective plant crude extracts have potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquito vectors. This study provides the first report on the larvicidal activity of this plant crude solvent extract of against An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. gokulloyo@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovendan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Barnard
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000096:Acetone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002725:Chloroform / Q000494:pharmacology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006586:Hexanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D000432:Methanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D031342:Orthosiphon; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000096:Acetone; C007650:ethyl acetate; D002725:Chloroform; D000432:Methanol