title: Hydrated lime for metals immobilization and explosives transformation: Treatability study.
abstract: Fragmentation grenades contain Composition B (RDX and TNT) within a steel shell casing. There is the potential for off-site migration of high explosives and metals from hand grenade training ranges by transport in surface water and subsurface transport in leachate. This treatability study used bench-scale columns and mesocosm-scale laboratory lysimeters to investigate the potential of hydrated lime as a soil amendment for in situ remediation of explosives and metals stabilization in hand grenade range soils. Compared to the unamended soil there was a 26-92% reduction of RDX in the leachate and runoff water from the lime treated soils and a 66-83% reduction of zinc in the leachate and runoff water samples; where the hand grenade range metals of concern were zinc, iron, and manganese. The amended soil was maintained at the target pH of greater than 10.5 for optimum explosives decomposition. The treatability study indicated a high potential of success for scale-up to an in situ field study.
authors.affiliation: US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA. Andy.Martin@usace.army.mil
authors.forename: W Andy
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Nestler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Felt
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011891:Rain; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D053834:Explosive Agents; D008670:Metals; D010087:Oxides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C016538:lime