title: Radiation-based approaches for therapy and palliation of advanced prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Randomized clinical trials of palliative radiation therapy and radiopharmaceuticals are emphasized, and new concepts in targeted alpha-emitter therapy are introduced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiation therapy has a proven palliative role in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Findings from 223radium clinical trials emphasize the importance of alpha particles as a new therapeutic modality in patients with bone metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. We introduce the concept of alpha-emitting particles from both a basic and clinical perspective in the realm of bone-targeted radiopharmaceuticals and discuss how these agents compare and contrast with conventional beta-emitting radioisotopes. The physics, radiobiology, and survival data with 223radium are unique compared with previously used radiopharmaceuticals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted alpha-emitting therapies such as 223radium have the capacity to change the way we treat patients with bone-metastatic prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sartor
mesh_terms: D000512:Alpha Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010166:Palliative Care; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011883:Radium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; C061972:samarium Sm-153 lexidronam; D011883:Radium