title: Prevalence and outcome of cirrhosis patients admitted to UK intensive care: a comparison against dialysis-dependent chronic renal failure patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis who are admitted to intensive care units (ICU) are perceived, within the UK, as having a particularly poor prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a descriptive analysis of cirrhosis patients admitted to general critical care units 1995-2008 compared to patients admitted with pre-existing chronic renal failure. Data were obtained from the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre Case Mix Programme Database incorporating 192 adult critical care units in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cirrhosis accounted for 2.6 % (16,096 patients) of total admissions with mean age 52.5 years and male preponderance (~60 %). Hospital mortality was high (>55 %) although this improved 5 % in recent years, and median length of stay was short (2.5 days). Mortality in cirrhotics with severe sepsis requiring organ support was 65-90 %, compared to 33-39 % in those without. Conversely, patients with chronic renal failure had lower mortality (42 %) despite similar characteristics and higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores. The APACHE II score under-predicted mortality in cirrhotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cirrhosis patients exhibit worse outcomes compared to pre-existing renal failure patients, despite similar characteristics. Survival worsens considerably with organ failure, especially with sepsis. They represent a small number of admissions, albeit increasing over recent years, and, in general, have a short ICU stay. Patients with single organ failure have acceptable survival rates and mortality has improved; although we have no data on those refused ICU admission potentially causing survival bias. Given the extremely high mortality in patients with multi-organ failure, support should be limited/withdrawn in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK. a.o'brien@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alastair J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Cathy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Mervyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology