title: Nerve injuries sustained during warfare: part I--Epidemiology.
abstract: We describe 261 peripheral nerve injuries sustained in war by 100 consecutive service men and women injured in Iraq and Afghanistan. Their mean age was 26.5 years (18.1 to 42.6), the median interval between injury and first review was 4.2 months (mean 8.4 months (0.36 to 48.49)) and median follow-up was 28.4 months (mean 20.5 months (1.3 to 64.2)). The nerve lesions were predominantly focal prolonged conduction block/neurapraxia in 116 (45%), axonotmesis in 92 (35%) and neurotmesis in 53 (20%) and were evenly distributed between the upper and the lower limbs. Explosions accounted for 164 (63%): 213 (82%) nerve injuries were associated with open wounds. Two or more main nerves were injured in 70 patients. The ulnar, common peroneal and tibial nerves were most commonly injured. In 69 patients there was a vascular injury, fracture, or both at the level of the nerve lesion. Major tissue loss was present in 50 patients: amputation of at least one limb was needed in 18. A total of 36 patients continued in severe neuropathic pain. This paper outlines the methods used in the assessment of these injuries and provides information about the depth and distribution of the nerve lesions, their associated injuries and neuropathic pain syndromes.
authors.affiliation: War Nerve Injury Clinic, Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey KT18 6JW, UK. m.taggart@hotmail.co.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: M P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: W G P
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Eardley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clasper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Etherington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005107:Explosions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult