title: Skeletal muscle-specific genetic determinants contribute to the differential strain-dependent effects of hindlimb ischemia in mice.
abstract: Genetics plays an important role in determining peripheral arterial disease (PAD) pathology, which causes a spectrum of clinical disorders that range from clinically silent reductions in blood flow to limb-threatening ischemia. The cell-type specificity of PAD pathology, however, has received little attention. To determine whether strain-dependent differences in skeletal muscle cells might account for the differential responses to ischemia observed in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, endothelial and skeletal muscle cells were subjected to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation (HND) in vitro, to mimic ischemia. Muscle cells were more susceptible to HND than were endothelial cells. In vivo, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice displayed strain-specific differences in myofiber responses after hindlimb ischemia, with significantly greater myofiber atrophy, greater apoptosis, and attenuated myogenic regulatory gene expression and stress-responsive signaling in BALB/c mice. Strain-specific deficits were recapitulated in vitro in primary muscle cells from both strains after HND. Muscle cells from BALB/c mice congenic for the C57BL/6 Lsq-1 quantitative trait locus were protected from HND-induced atrophy, and gene expression of vascular growth factors and their receptors was significantly greater in C57BL/6 primary muscle cells. Our results indicate that the previously identified specific genetic locus regulating strain-dependent collateral vessel density has a nonvascular or muscle cell-autonomous role involving both the myogenic program and traditional vascular growth factor receptor expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McClung
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: McCord
authors.forename: Sehoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Annex
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marchuk
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kontos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor