title: Multidisciplinary treatment approach in Treacher Collins syndrome.
abstract: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a common genetic disorder with high penetrance and phenotypic variability. First and second branchial arches are affected in TCS, resulting in craniofacial and intraoral anomalies such as: severe convex facial profile; mid-face hypoplasia; microtia; eyelid colobomas; mandibular retrognathism; cleft palate; dental hypoplasia; heterotopic teeth; maxillary transverse hypoplasia; anterior open bite; and Angle Class II molar relationship. A high incidence of caries is also a typical finding in TCS patients. Nonetheless, even simple dental restorative procedures can be challenging in this patient population due to other associated medical conditions, such as: congenital heart defects; decreased oropharyngeal airways; hearing loss; and anxiety toward treatment. These patients often require a multidisciplinary treatment approach, including: audiology; speech and language pathology; otorhinolaryngology; general dentistry; orthodontics; oral and maxillofacial surgery; and plastic and reconstructive surgeries to improve facial appearance. This paper's purpose was to present a current understanding of Treacher Collins syndrome etiology, phenotype, and current treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., USA.
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hylton
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leon-Salazar
authors.forename: Gary C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Nanci L O
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: De Felippe
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003729:Dental Care; D006801:Humans; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D010641:Phenotype