title: Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund Report concluded that there was limited and inconsistent evidence for an effect of coffee and tea consumption on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we aimed to investigate whether coffee intakes, tea intakes, or both are associated with the risk of EOC.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women participating in the EPIC (n = 330,849) were included in this study. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected through validated food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all previous prospective studies until April 2011 by comparing the highest and lowest coffee- and tea-consumption categories as well as by using dose-response random-effects meta-regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 11.7 y, 1244 women developed EOC. No association was observed between the risk of EOC and coffee consumption [HR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.46) for the top quintile compared with no intake] or tea consumption [HR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.45) for the top quintile compared with no intake]. This lack of association between coffee and tea intake and EOC risk was confirmed by the results of our meta-analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidemiologic studies do not provide sufficient evidence to support an association between coffee and tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. m.g.m.braem@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Marieke G M
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Braem
authors.forename: N Charlotte
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Onland-Moret
authors.forename: Leo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schouten
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authors.lastname: Tjønneland
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authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Christina C
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authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Nathalie
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authors.lastname: Chabbert-Buffet
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authors.lastname: Fagherazzi
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authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
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authors.forename: Carlotta
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authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: Domenico
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authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Rosario
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authors.forename: Inger T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: Eiliv
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authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Oxana
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authors.lastname: Gavrilyuk
authors.forename: Maria-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Ramón
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authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.forename: Carlos A
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authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Miren
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authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: José M Huerta
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.forename: Aurelio Barricarte
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authors.lastname: Gurrea
authors.forename: Annika
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authors.lastname: Idahl
authors.forename: Nina
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authors.lastname: Ohlson
authors.forename: Eva
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authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: Karin
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authors.lastname: Jirstrom
authors.forename: Elisabet
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authors.lastname: Wirfalt
authors.forename: Naomi E
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authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Konstantinos K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tsilidis
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kaw
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Vincent K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Dik
authors.forename: Sabina
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authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fedirko
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norat
authors.forename: Elio
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authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: Rudolf
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mesh_terms: D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea