title: Pharmacokinetics of tramadol in a diverse healthy Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug disposition may show ethnicity and gender differences. The objective of this study is to assess whether there are gender and ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of tramadol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty healthy volunteers from five different ethnic Chinese groups (Han, Mongolian, Korean, Uygur and Hui) were recruited, and blood samples were obtained for up to 36 h after oral administration of a single 100 mg capsule of tramadol. The plasma concentration-time course of tramadol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the pharmacokinetic estimated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) of tramadol was different between Chinese males and females. There were also statistically significant differences between Hui and the other ethnic groups in tramadol's clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (V(d) /F), C(max) and area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC(0-∞)) (P < 0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetics of tramadol was different in Hui subjects compared to the other Chinese ethnic groups. Tramadol CL/F may also show gender differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: D-Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D044466:Asian People; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014147:Tramadol / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014147:Tramadol; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6