title: Potential of carvacrol to modify  in vitro rumen fermentation as compared with monensin.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of carvacrol supplement as a dietary additive to rumen fermentors, fed a barley seed:alfalfa hay (70:30) ration and to compare its effect with monensin supplementation. The material was incubated with goat ruminal fluid and four different treatments were included: no additive (C), 7.5 mg/l monensin (M), 250 mg/l carvacrol (C250) and 500 mg/l carvacrol (C500). The addition of carvacrol reduced in vitro dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) digestion. The effects induced by C250 on DM digestion at 72 h of incubation were comparable with those of M, whereas a greater reduction was obtained when carvacrol was supplemented at 500 mg/l concentration (68.9, 68.5 and 53.0 v. 76.1% for M, C250 and C500 v. C, respectively). The reduced CP potential degradability by supplements (51.2, 53.9 and 51.5 v. 72.8% for M, C250 and C500 v. C, respectively) was mainly caused by a reduction of the slowly degradable fraction. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles determined after 48 h of incubation showed C250 increased butyrate and decreased acetate proportions, whereas M mainly stimulated propionate proportions, suggesting that the mechanism of action of carvacrol and M differs. C500 significantly reduced total VFA production. Carvacrol could be of great interest for its usage as a potential modulator of ruminal fermentation. Future research, including in vivo studies, in order to understand the factors that contribute to its antimicrobial activity and the selection of the optimal dose is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30071, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catalá-Gregori
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madrid
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Megías
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Andrade-Montemayor