title: [Studies on primary aromatic amines (PAAs) migration from multi-layer plastic food packaging by HPLC method].
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) and to determine their migration from plastic food packaging. The magnitude of the migration of these substances from plastic food packaging consists a base for the evaluation of their compliance with the requirements of EU legislation and hazard for human health taking into account their migration into food. The unprinted and printed multi-layer plastic packaging (laminates), domestic and imported, were examined in these studies. PAAs migration tests from the laminates into food simulant (3% acetic acid) was performed according to the appropriate procedures recommended in the EU for testing migration from food contact articles under standard conditions reflecting the real use of laminates (10 days, 40 degrees C) and under ,, worst case scenario" conditions (2 h, 70 degrees C). PAAs present in migration solutions were concentrated on SPE columns and then seven PAAs (aniline, 1,3-phenylenediamine, 2, 6-toluenediamine, 2,4-toluenediamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline, 4,4'-methylenedianiline and 3,3 '-dimethylbenzidyne) were identified and determined by previously validated HPLC-DAD method. Depending on the migration conditions the PAAs content was different. When the "worst case scenario" conditions were applied the migration of 4,4 '-methylenedianiline (4,4 '-MDA) ranged from below detection limit (LOD = 0.51 microg/kg) up to 9.86 microg/kg, and aniline was released in the range from below detection limit (LOD = 0,98 microg/kg) up to 7.04 microg/kg. In two laminate samples of eight examined, the sum of PAAs (aniline and 4,4'-MDA) was 13.32 microg/kg and 14.72 microg/kg showing that the permitted limit (10 microg/kg) was exceeded. In the standard conditions, the migration of aniline and 4,4'-MDA was significantly lower Regarding the carcinogenic potential of PAAs, the laminates causing the amines migration above the permitted limit should not be used as food packaging.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Badania Zywności i Przedmiotów Uzytku, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego--Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa. cwludwicka@pzh.gov.pl
authors.forename: Kazimiera
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cwiek-Ludwicka
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawlicka
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starski
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Półtorak
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karłowski
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D018857:Food Packaging; D010969:Plastics / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002273:Carcinogens; D010969:Plastics