title: AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis.
abstract: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial cellular energy sensor. Once activated by falling energy status, it promotes ATP production by increasing the activity or expression of proteins involved in catabolism while conserving ATP by switching off biosynthetic pathways. AMPK also regulates metabolic energy balance at the whole-body level. For example, it mediates the effects of agents acting on the hypothalamus that promote feeding and entrains circadian rhythms of metabolism and feeding behaviour. Finally, recent studies reveal that AMPK conserves ATP levels through the regulation of processes other than metabolism, such as the cell cycle and neuronal membrane excitability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. d.g.hardie@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: D Grahame
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: Fiona A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hawley
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D008322:Mammals / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D015262:Xenobiotics; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose