title: Hepatic steatosis, GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement: a Liverpool magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is reported to be more common in patients with GH deficiency (GHD) than in the general population. we aimed to determine: i) liver fat in patients with GHD compared with age and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls; and ii) effect of 6 months of GH replacement (GHR) on liver fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 28 GHD patients and 24 controls. 12 patients were studied before and after 6 months of GHR. Anthropometry, liver enzymes and lipid profiles were measured, and body composition and intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) were determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age and BMI (median (inter-quartile range)) of patients and controls were 52.6 (14) vs 52.6 (12) years (P=0.9) and 27.8 (24.7, 34.7) vs 27.9 (25.1, 32.1) kg/m(2) (P=0.9). IGF1 was lower in the patients (11.5 vs 16.0 nmol/l, P=0.002). There was no difference in liver transaminases, lipids or IHCL between patients and controls (2.8 (1.3, 8.6) vs 5.0 (1.5, 12.7), P=0.72), despite significantly higher visceral fat in GHD patients. Thirty-two percent of patients and 50% of controls had NAFLD (defined as IHCL >5.6%), and the relationship between IHCL and BMI was the same in each group. GHR significantly reduced abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat in all patients; however, GHR did not reduce liver fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAFLD is equally common in patients with GHD and matched controls. GHR is associated with a hierarchical reduction in fat deposition (fat loss: visceral > subcutaneous > liver). Further studies involving GHD patients with NAFLD are required to conclude the role of GHR in treating NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences Centre, University of Liverpool, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daousi
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Jimmy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: E Louise
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Valerie L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Graham J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D011522:Protons; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D019382:Human Growth Hormone