title: Normative data for neuropsychological tests in a rural elderly Chinese cohort.
abstract: Normative information is important for appropriate interpretation of cognitive test scores as a critical component of dementia diagnosis in the elderly population. A cross-sectional evaluation of 1826 participants aged 65 years and older from four rural counties in China was conducted using six cognitive instruments including tests of global cognitive function (the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia), memory (Word List Learning and Recall tasks from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, IU Story), language (Animal Fluency Test), and executive function (IU Token). Multiple regression models adjusting for demographic variables were used to provide standardized residuals z-scores and corresponding percentile ranking for each cognitive test. In all cognitive tests older age was associated with worse test performance while exposure to education was related to better cognitive test performance. We also detected a significant gender difference with men scoring better than women and a significant gender by education interaction on two tests. The interaction indicates that gender difference in test scores was much smaller in participants with more education than those who had less or no education. These demographically adjusted, regression-based norms can be a useful tool to clinicians involved with differential diagnosis of cognitive and memory disorders in older adults in rural China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Unverzagt
authors.forename: Yinlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hugh C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hendrie
authors.forename: Chaoke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Jingxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jill R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Murrell
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Sujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012016:Reference Values; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors