title: Chronic ethanol consumption increases the levels of chemerin in the serum and adipose tissue of humans and rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemerin is a new adipokine involved in adipogenesis and insulin resistance. Since ethanol affects the insulin sensitivity that is closely associated with adipokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol on chemerin in humans and rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the human study, 148 men who consumed alcohol for more than 3 years and 55 men who abstained from alcohol were included. Based on ethanol consumption per day, the drinkers were classified into 3 groups: low-dose (<15 g/d), middle-dose (15-47.9 g/d) and high-dose (≥48 g/d). Anthropometric measurements and serum parameters were collected. In the rat study, 27 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups administered water or ethanol (0.5, 2.5, or 5 g·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 22 weeks. The chemerin levels in the sera, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the high-dose group of humans and middle- and high-dose groups of rats, chronic ethanol consumption significantly increased the serum chemerin level. Both the middle- and high-dose ethanol significantly increased the chemerin level in the VAT of rats. In humans, triglyceride, fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were independently associated with chemerin. In rats, the serum chemerin level was positively correlated with chemerin in the VAT after adjustments for the liver chemerin (r=+0.768). High-dose ethanol significantly increased the body fat in humans and the VAT in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic ethanol consumption dose-dependently increases the chemerin levels in the serum and VAT. The serum chemerin level is associated with metabolic parameters in humans. The increased serum chemerin level is mainly attributed to an elevation of chemerin in the VAT after the ethanol treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.
authors.forename: Rui-zhen
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hai-qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun-xiao
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ming-feng
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Qing-bo
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Jia-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D018925:Chemokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human; C560738:Rarres2 protein, rat; D014280:Triglycerides; D000431:Ethanol