title: Battery life following pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in children and young people with severe primary and secondary dystonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The finite life of non-rechargeable batteries powering implantable pulse generators (IPG) necessitates their periodic replacement. Children receiving deep brain stimulation (DBS) may require frequent battery changes over their treatment lifetime.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine the battery life of IPGs used in pallidal DBS for the treatment of dystonia in children and young people.
  
  
  METHODS
  We make use of a review of case notes of all children and young people undergoing DBS surgery at our institution from June 2005 to May 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 54 children and young people underwent surgery on at least one occasion, with a total of 76 IPGs implanted. Replacement IPGs due to battery failure were required in 15 out of 54 (27.8%). The average time to battery failure was 24.5 ± 2.9 months (95% confidence interval), with a range of 13-39 months. Battery life was significantly longer in primary compared to subsequent IPGs. No difference in longevity was seen between different IPG devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPG battery life may be short in children and young people receiving treatment for dystonia. These findings highlight the potential benefits of the recently introduced rechargeable neurostimulators.
authors.affiliation: Complex Motor Disorder Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lumsden
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminska
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tustin
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Keyoumars
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashkan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selway
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000628:therapy*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome