title: Deconstructing oppositional defiant disorder: clinic-based evidence for an anger/irritability phenotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine risk factors and co-occurring symptoms associated with mother-reported versus teacher-reported anger/irritability symptoms (AIS) of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in a clinic-based sample of 1,160 youth aged 6 through 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed a background history questionnaire (mothers), school functioning questionnaire (mothers, teachers), and DSM-IV-referenced symptom checklists (mothers, teachers). Youth meeting AIS criteria for ODD were compared to youth with ODD who met criteria for noncompliant symptoms (NS) but not AIS and to clinic controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with NS youth, youth with AIS were rated as exhibiting higher levels of anxiety and mood symptoms for both mother- and teacher-defined groups, and higher levels of conduct disorder symptoms for mother-defined younger and older youth. The remaining group differences for developmental, psychosocial, and psychiatric correlates varied as a function of informant and youth's age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence suggests that AIS may constitute a more severe and qualitatively different ODD clinical phenotype, but informant and age of youth appear to be important considerations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6085, USA. ddrabick@temple.edu
authors.forename: Deborah A G
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Drabick
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gadow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics