title: [Indications for radiography in orthodontics and                                     dentofacial orthopedics].
abstract: The risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation are a constant                               concern not only for practitioners but also for legislators who have                               included this ethical rule in the Code of public safety. It proposes                               reduction of risks by insisting that all X-Rays be taken only when                               they accord with one of the fundamental principles of X-Ray                               protection: they must be justified by clear diagnostic need. In direct                               application of this principle the French government in 2006 published                               a guide for the management of radiological and dental and                               stomatological examinations. However, this document dealt only                               slightly with orthodontics, a field in which the flourishing and                               burgeoning of radiological techniques made it urgent that regulations                               for use of X-Rays in orthodontics be brought up to date on an ongoing                               and permanent basis.                               The objective of this article is, accordingly,                               after presentation of a systematic and critical analysis of the lit                               erature, to propose up-to-date recommendations for proper taking of                               orthodontic X-Ray films.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foucart
authors.forename: Rufino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felizardo
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pizelle
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bourriau
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009970:Orthodontics; D009985:Orthopedics; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D011871:Radiology; D014962:X-Ray Film; D014965:X-Rays