title: Associations between anxious-depressed symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in a longitudinal childhood study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of anxious/depressed scores on cardiovascular risk factors throughout childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, a study of 2900 pregnancies recruited between 1989 and 1991, were used. Anxious-depressed scores (derived from the Childhood Behavior Checklist), body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were measured at 5 (n=1681), 8 (n=1697), 10 (n=1575) and 14 (n=1386) years. At age 14 depressive symptom scores (Beck Depression Inventory for Youth), anxious-depressed scores (Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)) and fasting lipid, glucose and insulin were also available. Cross sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At age 14, girls with higher anxious-depressed scores had higher BMI (p≤ 0.005) and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (p≤ 0.0001). This equated to a difference of 0.6 kg/m(2) and 0.3 units in predicted BMI and HOMA-IR respectively (top 5% vs. score of zero). Boys with higher anxious-depressed scores had lower systolic blood pressure trajectories (p=0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive scores appear to have differing influences on BMI, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure in boys and girls. Paradoxically boys with higher anxious-depressed scores had lower blood pressure throughout childhood.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. slouise@meddent.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louise
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Warrington
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCaskie
authors.forename: Wendy H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Oddy
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zubrick
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hands
authors.forename: Trevor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Briollais
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silburn
authors.forename: Lyle J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mattes
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Beilin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D057189:Checklist; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011247:Pregnancy; D057566:Self Report; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology