title: Use of the navigator probe after radiotracer injection to identify nonpalpable rib lesions requiring surgical resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  : Patients with nonpalpable rib lesions (NPRL) requiring biopsy present a challenging problem for the thoracic surgeon. Ideally, a small incision directly over the NPRL should be performed to minimize morbidity, particularly if the lesion is benign. The Navigator probe is routinely used after lymphoscintigraphy by surgical oncologists to isolate sentinel lymph nodes requiring removal, but can also be used to guide resection of nonpalpable focal rib lesions demonstrating increased technetium-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m HDP) uptake. This report describes our initial experience with this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Over a 5-month period, 3 patients with focal NPRL underwent rib resection. All patients had solitary lesions demonstrated on recently performed Tc-99m HDP bone scanning. Prior cancers were reported in 2 patients, and pain in 2 patients. Before surgery, all patients underwent intravenous injection of 20 to 25 mCi Tc-99m HDP at least 2 hours before the Navigator probe-guided procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : The Navigator probe identified all 3 lesions, allowing a single 4 cm or smaller incision in all cases. Histology included metastatic breast cancer (1), pathologic fracture secondary to metastatic palatal cancer (1), and eosinophilic granuloma (1). No patient required further resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Intraoperative localization of NPRL that are positive on Tc-99m HDP bone scanning using the Navigator probe is feasible and was 100% successful in our initial experience. This technique allows a minimally invasive approach, which is beneficial for those patients who do not require further resection.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, †Section of Surgical Oncology, and ‡Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Can Caglar
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Benedict
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ketchedjian
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shemin
authors.forename: Nirav P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Hiran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernando