title: Virus factories, double membrane vesicles and viroplasm generated in animal cells.
abstract: Many viruses reorganise cellular membrane compartments and the cytoskeleton to generate subcellular microenvironments called virus factories or 'viroplasm'. These create a platform to concentrate replicase proteins, virus genomes and host proteins required for replication and also protect against antiviral defences. There is growing interest in understanding how viruses induce such large changes in cellular organisation, and recent studies are beginning to reveal the relationship between virus factories and viroplasm and the cellular structures that house them. In this review, we discuss how three supergroups of (+)RNA viruses generate replication sites from membrane-bound organelles and highlight research on perinuclear factories induced by the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses.
authors.affiliation: Vaccinology Group, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Netherton
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wileman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000821:virology*; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000821:virology*; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins