title: Self-monitoring of blood glucose is associated with problem-solving skills in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and problem-solving skills in response to detected hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Data were obtained from the American Association of Diabetes Educators Outcome System, implemented in 8 diabetes self-management education programs in western Pennsylvania. SMBG was measured by asking patients how often they checked, missed checking, or checked blood glucose later than planned. Problem-solving skill was measured by asking how often they modified their behaviors after detecting high or low blood glucose.
  
  
  
  Most patients checked their blood glucose at least once per day. However, when blood glucose was high or low, many of them reported doing nothing, and only some of them resolved the problem. There were significant associations between self-monitoring of blood glucose and problem-solving skills for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, after controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, education, and time since diagnosis.
  
  
  
  Patients reported poor problem-solving skills when detecting hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia via SMBG. Patients need to learn problem-solving skills along with SMBG training to achieve glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Nursing, Houston, Texas (Dr Wang)
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Zgibor, Dr Sereika)
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zgibor
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Matthews, Dr Charron-Prochownik, Dr Sereika, Dr Siminerio)|University of Pittsburgh University Center for Social and Urban Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Matthews)
authors.forename: Judith T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Matthews, Dr Charron-Prochownik, Dr Sereika, Dr Siminerio)
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charron-Prochownik
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Zgibor, Dr Sereika)|University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Matthews, Dr Charron-Prochownik, Dr Sereika, Dr Siminerio)
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sereika
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Matthews, Dr Charron-Prochownik, Dr Sereika, Dr Siminerio)|University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Siminerio)|University of Pittsburgh Diabetes Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Siminerio)
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siminerio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011340:Problem Solving; D012648:Self Care / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin