title: Determining the contribution of the energy systems during exercise.
abstract: One of the most important aspects of the metabolic demand is the relative contribution of the energy systems to the total energy required for a given physical activity. Although some sports are relatively easy to be reproduced in a laboratory (e.g., running and cycling), a number of sports are much more difficult to be reproduced and studied in controlled situations. This method presents how to assess the differential contribution of the energy systems in sports that are difficult to mimic in controlled laboratory conditions. The concepts shown here can be adapted to virtually any sport.    The following physiologic variables will be needed: rest oxygen consumption, exercise oxygen consumption, post-exercise oxygen consumption, rest plasma lactate concentration and post-exercise plasma peak lactate. To calculate the contribution of the aerobic metabolism, you will need the oxygen consumption at rest and during the exercise. By using the trapezoidal method, calculate the area under the curve of oxygen consumption during exercise, subtracting the area corresponding to the rest oxygen consumption. To calculate the contribution of the alactic anaerobic metabolism, the post-exercise oxygen consumption curve has to be adjusted to a mono or a bi-exponential model (chosen by the one that best fits). Then, use the terms of the fitted equation to calculate anaerobic alactic metabolism, as follows: ATP-CP metabolism = A(1;) (mL . s(-1)) x t(1;) (s). Finally, to calculate the contribution of the lactic anaerobic system, multiply peak plasma lactate by 3 and by the athlete's body mass (the result in mL is then converted to L and into kJ).    The method can be used for both continuous and intermittent exercise. This is a very interesting approach as it can be adapted to exercises and sports that are difficult to be mimicked in controlled environments. Also, this is the only available method capable of distinguishing the contribution of three different energy systems. Thus, the method allows the study of sports with great similarity to real situations, providing desirable ecological validity to the study.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo.
authors.forename: Guilherme G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Artioli
authors.forename: Rômulo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
authors.forename: Hamilton
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roschel
authors.forename: Sandro H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Antonio H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lancha
authors.forename: Emerson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D056352:Athletes; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010100:Oxygen