title: Hypoxia-inducible factor-2a is associated with ABCG2 expression, histology-grade and Ki67 expression in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Hypoxia is an important factor involved in the progression of solid tumors and has been associated with various indicators of tumor metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. But little is known about the contribution of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2a (HIF-2a) to the drug resistance and the clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was employed on the tissue microarray paraffin sections of surgically removed samples from 196 invasive breast cancer patients with clinicopathological data. The correlations between the expression of HIF-2a and ABCG2 as well as other patients' clinicopathological data were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that HIF-2a was expressed in different intensities and distributions in the tumor cells of the breast invasive ductal carcinoma. A positive staining for HIF-2a was defined as a brown staining observed mainly in the nucleus. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between HIF-2a expression and ABCG2 expression (p = 0.001), histology-grade (p = 0.029), and Ki67 (p = 0. 043) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIF-2a was correlated with ABCG2 expression, histology-grade and Ki67 expression in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. HIF-2a could regulate ABCG2 in breast cancer cells, and could be a novel potential bio-marker to predict chemotherapy effectiveness. The hypoxia/HIF-2a/ABCG2 pathway could be a new mechanism of breast cancer multidrug-resistance.
  http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2965948166714795.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Zhi-Heng
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Guang-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Geng-Yin
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C116614:ABCG2 protein, human