title: Total and abdominal obesity are risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between GERD and obesity has been frequently reported in adults. Data in children are scarce and inconclusive, evaluating only general obesity. Central adiposity has never been investigated in children as a possible risk factor for GERD. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms in overweight and obese children in comparison with a general normal-weight population and whether the GERD symptoms are associated with waist circumference (WC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 153 healthy children. A detailed clinical history and a physical examination were obtained from each patient. A questionnaire on reflux symptoms was completed by caregivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reflux symptomatic score resulted significantly higher in obese than in normal-weight children and in children with WC >90th percentile compared with those with WC <75th percentile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary data show that both total and abdominal obesity are risk factors for the development of GERD symptoms in children. The risk of GERD symptoms rises progressively with the increase in both body mass index and waist circumference, even in normal-weight children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quitadamo
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buonavolontà
authors.forename: Erasmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miele
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coccorullo
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staiano
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006356:Heartburn / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference