title: Imaging of pregnant and lactating patients: part 2, evidence-based review and recommendations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this article are to discuss the current evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism, appendicitis, urolithiasis, and cholelithiasis during pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic imaging should be performed during pregnancy only with an understanding of the maternal and fetal risks and benefits, the comparative advantages of different modalities, and the unique anatomic and physiologic issues associated with pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Page I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Suzanne T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Ania Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Kielar
authors.forename: Aine M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Ursula D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Knoepp
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: Mitchell M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goodsitt
mesh_terms: D000016:Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D061214:Patient Safety; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011835:Radiation Protection; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*