title: Expression of 12 cytokines in aqueous humour of uveal melanoma before and after combined Ruthenium-106 brachytherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the aqueous humour levels of 12 cytokines in eyes with uveal melanoma and whether their expression changes after combined Ru-106 brachytherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous humour samples were collected from 20 patients with previously untreated uveal melanoma undergoing combined Ru-106 brachytherapy and TTT, both at the time of plaque placement and removal. Using multiplex biochip array technology, 12 different cytokines were measured, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Aqueous humour from 20 patients undergoing cataract surgery was used as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and MCP-1 were highly expressed in uveal melanoma, whereas IL-2, IL-10 and TNF- α were low in expression. There was a positive correlation between tumour height and IL-8 level (p = 0.020). Vascular endothelial growth factor tends to be highly expressed in melanoma-containing eyes (p = 0.056). Levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β increased after the mean 117 ± 38 hrs of brachytherapy and adjunctive TTT with a tumour apex dose of 61 ± 28 Gy and a scleral contact dose of 786 ± 226 Gy. Increase in levels of IL-6 (p = 0.003) and IL-8 (p = 0.046) positively correlated with scleral contact dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and MCP-1 may be implicated in the progression of uveal melanoma. Ocular irradiation from a Ru-106 plaque promoted an increase in the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β, modulation of which could be useful in managing radiation-related side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Christopher Seungkyu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ik Hyun
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Tae-Im
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Suk Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Byeon
authors.forename: Hyoung Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005136:Eye Proteins; D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes