title: An evaluation of the Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI) for the detection of respiratory events in sedated patients undergoing colonoscopy.
abstract: The Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI™) is a new decision making tool calculated from measured end tidal carbon dioxide (etCO(2)), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and pulse rate (PR) using a fuzzy logic model. The aim of this study was to compare prospectively IPI to respiratory adverse events in patients undergoing moderate sedation for colonoscopy. Following ethics committee approval and personal informed consent 51 adult patients undergoing elective colonoscopy were enrolled. Patients received routine care by the endoscopy staff that were blinded to IPI, etCO(2), and RR; whilst a trained senior anesthesiologist observer, not involved in the procedure, collected this data. 'Requires attention' respiratory adverse events (at least 1 min of SpO(2) ≤ 92 % and/or RR ≤ 8 and or 20 % decrease in etCO(2)) and 'requires intervention' respiratory adverse events (at least 1 min of SpO(2) ≤ 85 % and/or RR = 0) were documented by the observer. There were no differences in etCO(2), RR, SpO(2) and PR between 5778 IPI readings ranging from 1 to 10. Low (1-3), medium (4-6) and high (7-10) IPI groups did not differ in RR, SpO(2) and PR, but etCO(2) was higher in the high IPI group (p = 0.0185). Among requires attention events (n = 113) the IPI was high (7-10) in 53.1 %, intermediate (4-6) in 32.7 %, or low (1-3) in 14.2 %. The presented data demonstrate limited agreement between respiratory physiological parameters and the IPI. Further IPI evaluation and validation is indicated mainly for events requiring immediate intervention and in different patient populations including obese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. haim.berkenstadt@sheba.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berkenstadt
authors.forename: Erez
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Menachem
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen