title: Decreased anti-Müllerian hormone concentration in follicular fluid of female smokers undergoing artificial reproductive techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several reports indicate that women who smoke have an increased risk of failure to conceive compared with their non-smoker counterparts. Here, we assessed the effect of smoking during the Assisted Reproduction Therapy (ART) on a potential marker of ovarian reserve, anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) in the follicular fluid (FF).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cohort prospective study to assess the association between cigarette smoking and AMH concentrations in FF in fifty-six women undergoing their first ART cycle. Self-reported smoking status over time was also collected through personal interview. The main outcome measured was the association between current smoking and AMH concentrations in FF. Smoking status was assessed by FF cotinine concentrations. Analysis of covariance was performed to test statistical interaction between the main outcome and confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentration of AMH in follicular fluid was significantly decreased among smokers (1.02±0.14 vs. 1.74±0.15, P<0.05). No statistical interaction was found between this difference in AMH concentrations and confounders like age and BMI. Thus, our data support the idea that AMH is decreased in active smokers across the fertile age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis of decreased AMH concentration in follicular fluid in female smokers was confirmed. The mechanisms through which cigarette smoking induces this fall in AMH are unknown and additional research is needed to improve our comprehension of the negative impact of smoking on ART outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Mother and Child Research (IDIMI), University of Chile, Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile. fuentesarielster@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pommer
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Argüello
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galleguillos
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jesam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone