title: Removal of cyanobacterial metabolites through wastewater treatment plant filters.
abstract: Wastewaters have the potential to proliferate excessive numbers of cyanobacteria due to high nutrient levels. This could translate to the production of metabolites, such as the saxitoxins, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which can impair the quality of wastewater destined for re-use. Biological sand filtration was assessed for its ability to remove these metabolites from a wastewater. Results indicated that the sand filter was incapable of effectively removing the saxitoxins and in some instances, the effluent of the sand filter displayed greater toxicity than the influent. Conversely, the sand filter was able to effectively remove geosmin and MIB, with removal attributed to biodegradation. Granular activated carbon was employed as an alternative filter medium to remove the saxitoxins. Results showed similar removals to previous drinking water studies, where efficient removals were initially observed, followed by a decrease in the removal; a consequence of the presence of competing organics which reduced adsorption of the saxitoxins.
authors.affiliation: Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water Corporation, Adelaide, Australia. lionel.ho@sawater.com.au
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoefel
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grasset
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palazot
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brookes
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D012530:Saxitoxin / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D012530:Saxitoxin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide