title: Local inflammatory response induced by scorpionfish Scorpaena plumieri venom in mice.
abstract: The Scorpaena plumieri fish venom induces a severe pain and edema, observed both clinically and experimentally. In order to understand more about the envenomation syndrome, the present study characterized experimentally the local acute inflammatory response induced by S. plumieri venom (SpV) in a mouse model of tissue injury. Our results demonstrated that the local inflammatory response provoked after 2 h of SpV injection in footpad of mice is characterized by release of pivotal pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-6 and MCP-1). These mediators could be associated with histopathological changes observed into paw tissue, characterized by cellular infiltration, mainly neutrophils. Additionally, an investigation of edema formation pathways involved in inflammatory response was performed. SpV-induced edema was reduced significantly by previous administration of aprotinin or icatibant (HOE-140). However, the pre-treatment with diclofenac sodium and promethazine had less effect on this response. These results demonstrate that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) plays a major role in the edema formation. Despite the whole venom hydrolyzed the kallikrein synthetic substrate S-2302 (Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA), its main pro-inflammatory fraction was devoid of kininogenase activity. Our results demonstrate that SpV evokes a complex inflammatory reaction stimulating a secretion of TNF, IL-6, MCP-1 and leukocytes recruitment at the site of venom injection. In addition provide clear evidence of the involvement of the KKS in inflammatory response induced by S. plumieri venom.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29043-900 Vitória/ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Juliana B T
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carnielli
authors.forename: Helena L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Fausto E L
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Elenice M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Nazaré S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bissoli
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andrich
authors.forename: Suely G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005399:Fishes; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D008387:Marine Toxins