title: [Genetic determinants of acute renal damage risk and prognosis: a systematic review].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute renal damage (ARD) is a frequent syndrome in hospitalized patients. It is well accepted that ARD susceptibility and outcome are related to environmental risk factors and to the patient premorbid status. Recently, host factors have also been recognized as important in ARD predisposition and evolution.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze genetic influences related to the risk and severity of ARD.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE search.
  
  
  METHODS
  articles published in English or Spanish between 1/1/1995 and 31/5/2011, analyzing the association between genic polymorphisms and (a) ARD susceptibility in patients versus healthy controls or within groups of patients; or (b) ARD severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  studies published only in abstract form, case reports or including patients less than 16 years of age, on chronic dialysis or having received a renal transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  at least one investigator analyzed each manuscript and collected the information using a predefined form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 12 relevant studies that included 4835 patients. Eleven genes showed polymorphisms related to ARD susceptibility or severity. They were related to cardiovascular regulation (ACE I/D, eNOS, FNMT and COMT), inflammatory response (TNFα, IL10, IL6, HIP-1α, EPO), oxidative stress (NAPH oxidase) and lipid metabolism (APO E). Only APO E, ACE and AT1 receptor have been analyzed in more than one study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARD susceptibility and severity is influenced by genetic factors, which are multiple and involve different physiopathological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España. pablocardinal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardinal-Fernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferruelo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Pellicer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lorente
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors