title: Safety and tolerability of voriconazole in patients with baseline renal insufficiency and candidemia.
abstract: Acutely ill patients with candidemia frequently suffer from renal insufficiency. Voriconazole's intravenous formulation with sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) is restricted in patients with renal insufficiency. We evaluated the use of intravenous voriconazole formulated with SBECD in candidemic patients with renal insufficiency and compared treatment outcome and safety to those who received a short course of amphotericin B deoxycholate followed by fluconazole. We reviewed data on treatment outcome, survival, safety, and tolerability from the subset of patients with moderate (creatinine clearance [CrCl], 30 to 50 ml/min) or severe (CrCl, <30 ml/min) renal insufficiency enrolled in a trial of voriconazole compared to amphotericin B deoxycholate followed by fluconazole for treatment of candidemia in 370 patients. Fifty-eight patients with renal impairment were identified: 41 patients on voriconazole and 17 on amphotericin B/fluconazole. The median duration of treatment was 14 days for voriconazole (median, 7 days intravenous) and 11 days for amphotericin B/fluconazole, 3 days of which were for amphotericin B. Despite the short duration of exposure, worsening of renal function or newly emerged renal adverse events were reported in 53% of amphotericin B-treated patients compared to 39% of voriconazole-treated patients. During treatment, median serum creatinine decreased in the voriconazole arm, whereas creatinine increased in the amphotericin B/fluconazole arm, before return to baseline at week 3. All-cause mortality at 14 weeks was 49% in the voriconazole arm compared to 65% in the amphotericin B/fluconazole arm. Intravenous voriconazole formulated with SBECD was effective in patients with moderate or severe renal insufficiency and candidemia and was associated with less acute renal toxicity than amphotericin B/fluconazole.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oude Lashof
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruhnke
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viscoli
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Schlamm
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rex
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kullberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058387:Candidemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065819:Voriconazole; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D065819:Voriconazole