title: Orthodontic and surgical treatment of a patient with hemifacial microsomia.
abstract: This article describes the surgical and orthodontic treatment of a 12-year-old boy with a significant deformity and functional involvement caused by hemifacial microsomia. The left mandibular ramus and condyle were hypoplastic and abnormal in form and location. The lower third of the face was increased, with mandibular retrusion and significant facial asymmetry. He had difficulties in speaking and chewing and problems related to his facial appearance, which caused severe psychosocial disturbances. The patient received orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint reconstruction with a costochondral graft on the left side while he was still growing. Three-year follow-up records are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. gugazanardi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanardi
authors.forename: Eduardo Varela
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.forename: Lucas Senhorinho
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Esteves
authors.forename: Rafael Seabra
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Louro
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Capelli
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000628:therapy; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome