title: Antepartum haemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) defined as bleeding from the genital tract in the second half of pregnancy, remains a major cause of perinatal mortality and maternal morbidity in the developed world.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In approximately half of all women presenting with APH, a diagnosis of placental abruption or placenta praevia will be made; no firm diagnosis will be made in the other half even after investigations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases presenting with APH, the evaluation consists of history, clinical signs and symptoms and once the mother is stabilized, a speculum examination and an ultrasound scan.A revision of the literature was mode only larger prospective tials or case-control study were taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele. University of Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cignini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vigna
authors.forename: Mattea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romano