title: Efficacy of glucosamine alendronate alone & in combination with dihydroquercetin for treatment of osteoporosis in animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable efforts are being made to develop new, more effective drugs for osteoporosis, including novel forms of bisphosphonates. The present study was carried out to compare the effect of a novel agent glucosamine alendronate (GA) alone and is combination with dihydroquercetin (DHQ) against the effect of a known drug alendronate (ALN) in the senescence-accelerated OXYS rats as model of osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male OXYS and Wistar (control) rats were randomized across four experimental groups (n=15), which received 1.26 mg GA, 0.84 mg ALN, or 1.26 mg GA + 5.06 mg DHQ per kg of body weight. Untreated rats were used as control groups. At the end of treatment, the bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, and the levels of serum osteocalcin, αC-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of type I collagen (α-CTx) and calcium were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatments increased BMD in rats of both strains, but the improvement was more pronounced in OXYS rats: GA+DHQ increased both the strength of the femur by 20 per cent (P<0.01) and BMD by 7.6 per cent (P<0.023). GA+DHQ and ALN reduced serum α-CTx in OXYS rats. Only GA increased the level of osteocalcin in OXYS rats (P<0.05). ALN increased the cross-sectional area of the femur by 9 per cent (P<0.04) in OXYS and by 12 per cent (P<0.05) in Wistar rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined treatment with GA+DHQ appears to be more effective at maintaining strength of the femur and BMD in OXYS rats, when compared to the individual drugs GA and ALN.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology & Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. myraleva.na@mail.ru
authors.forename: Natalya A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Muraleva
authors.forename: Evgeniy N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ofitserov
authors.forename: Vladimir P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Tikhonov
authors.forename: Natalya G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Kolosova
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D024042:Collagen Type I; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D015675:Osteocalcin; D011794:Quercetin; C003377:taxifolin; D005944:Glucosamine; D002118:Calcium; D019386:Alendronate