title: B cell responses to CpG correlate with CXCL16 expression levels in common variable immunodeficiency.
abstract: Broad Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signalling defects after CpG in vitro stimulation have been described in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). CXCL16, a surface receptor, was recently shown to influence cell responses to CpG. We evaluated the expression and function of CXCL16 on B cells from healthy controls and CVID patients. We report that CXCL16 is normally expressed on B cells throughout peripheral maturation. Decreased B cell expression of CXCL16 was observed in a subgroup of CVID patients that correlated with defective in vitro responses to CpG (such as upregulation of CD69, CD86, AICDA, IL-6, and TLR9). Our data suggest that expression levels of a surface receptor, namely, CXCL16, correlate with B cell responses mediated by TLR9 in common variable immunodeficiency.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia, piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy. vlougarisbs@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lougaris
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baronio
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tampella
authors.forename: Annarosa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soresina
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badolato
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plebani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017074:Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Q000276:immunology*; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C423727:CXCL16 protein, human; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger