title: A normative study of the components of niprisan--an herbal medicine for sickle cell anemia.
abstract: Niprisan® is an herbal medicine for sickle cell anemia developed in the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD). It is prepared from pepper seeds [Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn., Piperaceae], clove flower buds [Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb., Myrtaceae], caprium stem [Pterocarpus osun (L.) Craib., Fabaceae], sorghum leaves [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Poaceae], and "trona" The components were sourced from food dealers and herbalists prequalified as suppliers by the Institute's department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine (MPRTM), based on the criteria proposed by World Health Organization (WHO, 1998. Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, pp. 1-115. Geneva: WHO) for the collection and handling of medicinal plant materials. The aim of the work is to establish limits for features that will influence decisions on the components. The paper describes and quantifies as per WHO guidelines of 1998 and British Pharmacopoeia (British Pharmacopoeia, 2004 . Volume IV. The Stationery Office Limited, London. Appendix II D, Atomic spectrophotometry: emission and absorption, pp. A143-145. Determination of pH, pp. A143-145; Appendix VL, Determination of pH Values, pp. A199-A200, 2004.), the most striking features of these components and demonstrates that all, except Eugenia caryophyllata, exist in more than one variety. The results, including the occasional presence of lead in trona, are discussed in the context of good manufacturing practice (GMP).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control (MCQC), National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Obiageli O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Obodozie
authors.forename: Sunday J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ameh
authors.forename: Ernest K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Afolabi
authors.forename: Eunice O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Oyedele
authors.forename: Theophilus A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ache
authors.forename: Cordelia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Onanuga
authors.forename: Martha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Uford S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Inyang
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000592:standards; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D035721:Pterocarpus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011786:Quality Control; D012016:Reference Values; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; C445122:Niprisan; D010936:Plant Extracts; C029065:Magadi soda