title: Aβ25-35 injection into the temporal cortex induces chronic inflammation that contributes to neurodegeneration and spatial memory impairment in rats.
abstract: Amyloid-β (Aβ)25-35 is able to cause memory impairment and neurodegenerative events. Recent evidence has shown that the injection of Aβ25-35 into the temporal cortex (TCx) of rats increases the inflammatory response; however, it is unclear how the inflammatory process could be involved in the progression of Aβ25-35 toxicity. In this study we investigated the role of inflammation in the neuronal damage and spatial memory impairment generated by Aβ25-35 in rat TCx using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and a behavioral test in the radial maze. Our findings show that Aβ25-35 -injection into the TCx induced a reactive gliosis (GFAP and CD11b-reactivity) and an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α) in the TCx and the hippocampus at 5, 15, and 30 days after injection. Thirty days after Aβ25-35 injection, we observed that the inflammatory reaction probably contributed to increase the immunoreactivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrite levels, as well as to the loss of neurons in TCx and hippocampus. Behavioral performance showed that the neurodegeneration evoked by Aβ25-35 delayed acquisition of learning and impaired spatial memory, because the Aβ25-35-treated animals showed a greater number of errors during the task than the control group. Previous administration of an interleukin receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) (10 and 20 μg/μL, into TCx), an anti-inflammatory agent, suppressed the Aβ25-35-induced inflammatory response and neurodegeneration, as well as memory dysfunction. This study suggests that the chronic inflammatory reaction could contribute to the progression of Aβ25-35 toxicity and cause cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Limon
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zenteno
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guevara
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016207:Cytokines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35)