title: Questionnaire survey of cardiologists' knowledge, attitudes, and guideline application of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are little data on cardiologists' knowledge and application of current implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) guidelines, attitudes to risk, and how these may influence ICD prescription.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey was sent to UK cardiologists to test their knowledge and application of ICD guidelines and their estimate of the clinical benefits gained in different clinical scenarios. They were questioned on the minimum absolute risk reduction (ARR) required to justify an ICD implant and factors that influenced their decision making.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty responses from 23 implanters and 37 nonimplanters were obtained. Eighty-three percent implanters and 43% nonimplanters were fully aware of UK ICD National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines. Only 7% responders had a screening program to identify primary prevention (PP) candidates. Although the mean estimate of ARR in PP scenarios was similar to trial data, the range of estimates was very wide. The benefit in secondary prevention (SP) scenarios was overestimated by both implanters and nonimplanters. Three-year ARR believed to justify PP and SP ICDs were heavily influenced by patients' age but in patients <80 years, age was compatible with trial results. Implanters and nonimplanters correctly applied guidelines in SP scenarios with younger patients but often withheld an ICD in elderly patients. Correct application did not correlate with full awareness of guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of knowledge of guidelines (particularly in nonimplanters), failure of nonimplanters to offer ICDs to appropriate PP patients, age bias, and a lack of screening programs appear to be the greatest barriers to uptake of ICDs in the United Kingdom, rather than financial concerns.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Praveen P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sadarmin
authors.forename: Kelvin C K
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajappan
authors.forename: Yaver
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Betts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002309:Cardiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom