title: Chronic exposure to contaminated drinking water stimulates PPAR expression in mice livers.
abstract: Mice were fed with source water (SW) and tap water (TW) for 90 d to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by the drinking water. Histopathologic observation showed no obvious damage to hepatic tissue in the SW and TW groups. However, microarray analysis indicated that the SW and TW exposures affected many metabolic pathways, among which PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) signaling was most susceptible. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were significantly increased in the exposure groups compared to control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that PPAR-α expression level was increased from 23.37±0.53 ng g(-1) liver weight in control group to 26.60±1.43 ng g(-1) liver weight in SW group and 27.68±1.10 ng g(-1) liver weight in TW group (p<0.05). For PPAR-γ, the expression level was also significantly enhanced from 0.83±0.07 ng g(-1) liver weight in control group to 1.11±0.20 ng g(-1) liver weight in SW group and 1.16±0.07 ng g(-1) liver weight in TW group (p<0.05). The SW and DW posed no obvious hepatotoxicity on mice and PPAR-α/-γ could be used as a novel biomarker to assess public health risk induced by slightly contaminated drinking water.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xu-Xiang
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zongyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shupei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014873:Water Pollutants