title: Primary hormonal treatment in localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: effectiveness and survival predictive factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the effectiveness of primary hormonal treatment on localized and locally advanced prostate cancer, including the analysis on the survival predictive factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  patients with localized (T1,T2N0M0) and locally advanced (T3, T4N0M0) prostate cancer who had received primary hormonal treatment between January 1995 and December 2009 were evaluated retrospectively based on their specific medical records at Department of Urology in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and Dharmais Cancer Hospital (RSKD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  about 79 (29.9%) of 264 patients with localized and advanced local prostate cancer received primary hormonal treatment. In the localized prostate cancer group, mean survival was 58.3 months (range: 1.87-170.78) and 5-year survival was 77.3%; while in locally advanced prostate cancer patients, mean survival was 40.87 months (range 7.29-115.29) and 5-year survival was only 22.7%. Hemoglobin level was a significant clinical parameter of survival predictive factors for both localized and locally advanced prostate cancer groups. The lower the hemoglobin level, the survival will be shorter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  there were no significant differences between mean survival and 5-year survival rate, between localized and locally advanced prostate cancer patients who had received primary hormonal treatment. Hemoglobin level is survival predictive factors for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia. dokter.tio@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nugroho B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Utomo
authors.forename: Chaidir A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mochtar
authors.forename: Rainy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Umbas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017273:Goserelin; D016729:Leuprolide