title: Evaluation of antiulcer activity of chromanone fraction from Calophyllum brasiliesnse Camb.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae), popularly known as 'guanandi', is found in the tropical areas and swampy lands. The latex exuding from its bark is used in the treatment of gastric ulcer in folk medicine. Several active compounds have been isolated from its stem bark among them, are the chromanone acids. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antiulcer activity and probable mechanism(s) of action of a fraction containing a mixture of chromanone acids (BI), derived by column chromatography fractionation of the hexane extract of the stem bark of Calophyllum brasiliense (HECb), using experimental in vitro and in vivo models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ulcer was induced by oral administration of ethanol (75%, v/v) and indomethacin (50mg/kg). Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase activity was measured in stomach tissue after ethanol induced ulcer. In order to evaluate the effect of BI on nitric oxide, ulcer was induced by ethanol in l-NAME pretreated animals. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was verified in disk diffusion and broth microdilution in vitro assays, using cagA+ and vacA+ Helicobacter pylori strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BI prevented the gastric ulceration caused by ethanol and indomethacin treatments. Its gastroprotective mechanism in ethanol-induced ulcer was partly due to reduction of MDA and CAT levels in the gastric tissue. BI did not affect the GSH levels and its gastroprotective effect was not reversed by pretreatment with l-NAME. BI showed anti-Helicobacter pylori in the both assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that BI is partly responsible for the HECb antiulcer and anti-Helicobacter pylori effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, n 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Zip Code: 78060-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Maria Scalon
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Thaís Bezerra
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Guilherme Henrique
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Tanajura
authors.forename: Vanessa Fátima
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Gazoni
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonaldo
authors.forename: Claudia Léia
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Strada
authors.forename: Marcos Gabriel da
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Evandro Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dall'oglio
authors.forename: Paulo Teixeira
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Sousa Júnior
authors.forename: Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029759:Calophyllum / Q000737:chemistry; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002867:Chromones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D007213:Indomethacin; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D005978:Glutathione; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin