title: Effect of activated carbon amendment on bacterial community structure and functions in a PAH impacted urban soil.
abstract: We collected urban soil samples impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a sorbent-based remediation field trial to address concerns about unwanted side-effects of 2% powdered (PAC) or granular (GAC) activated carbon amendment on soil microbiology and pollutant biodegradation. After three years, total microbial cell counts and respiration rates were highest in the GAC amended soil. The predominant bacterial community structure derived from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) shifted more strongly with time than in response to AC amendment. DGGE band sequencing revealed the presence of taxa with closest affiliations either to known PAH degraders, e.g. Rhodococcus jostii RHA-1, or taxa known to harbor PAH degraders, e.g. Rhodococcus erythropolis, in all soils. Quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction yielded similar dioxygenases gene copy numbers in unamended, PAC-, or GAC-amended soil. PAH availability assessments in batch tests showed the greatest difference of 75% with and without biocide addition for unamended soil, while the lowest PAH availability overall was measured in PAC-amended, live soil. We conclude that AC had no detrimental effects on soil microbiology, AC-amended soils retained the potential to biodegrade PAHs, but the removal of available pollutants by biodegradation was most notable in unamended soil.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meynet
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.forename: Gijs D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Breedveld
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002606:Charcoal