title: Swine influenza virus infection dynamics in two pig farms; results of a longitudinal assessment.
abstract: In order to assess the dynamics of influenza virus infection in pigs, serological and virological follow-ups were conducted in two whole batches of pigs from two different farms (F1 and F2), from 3 weeks of age until market age. Anti-swine influenza virus (SIV) antibodies (measured by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition) and nasal virus shedding (measured by RRT-PCR and isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and MDCK cells) were carried out periodically. SIV isolates were subtyped and hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes were partially sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. In F1, four waves of viral circulation were detected, and globally, 62/121 pigs (51.2%) were positive by RRT-PCR at least once. All F1 isolates corresponded to H1N1 subtype although hemagglutination inhibition results also revealed the presence of antibodies against H3N2. The first viral wave took place in the presence of colostral-derived antibodies. Nine pigs were positive in two non-consecutive sampling weeks, with two of the animals being positive with the same isolate. Phylogenetic analyses showed that different H1N1 variants circulated in that farm. In F2, only one isolate, H1N2, was detected and all infections were concentrated in a very short period of time, as assumed for a classic influenza outbreak. These findings led us to propose that influenza virus infection in pigs might present different patterns, from an epidemic outbreak to an endemic form with different waves of infections with a lower incidence.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. meritxell.simon@cresa.uab.cat.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simon-Grifé
authors.forename: Gerard E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Martín-Valls
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vilar
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Busquets
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mora-Salvatierra
authors.forename: Theo M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bestebroer
authors.forename: Ron Am
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fouchier
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mateu
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015994:Incidence; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009666:Nose / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D014764:Viral Proteins; C493831:hemagglutinin HA1, influenza B virus