title: Urogenital fistula.
abstract: This review summarizes the available evidence in the literature on the etiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of vesicovaginal, urethrovaginal, ureterovaginal, vesicocervical, and vesicouterine fistulae. Urogenital fistula is divided by origin: obstetric fistula occurring predominantly in developing countries and iatrogenic fistula, the most common cause in developed countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. micheline.wong@gmail.com
authors.forename: Micheline J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Keri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezvan
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Narender N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Tajnoos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yazdany
mesh_terms: D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013519:Urogenital Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014624:Vaginal Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy