title: Processing noncanonical sentences in broca's region: reflections of movement distance and type.
abstract: Various noncanonical sentence constructions are derived from basic sentence structures by a phrase displacement called Movement. The moved phrase (filler) leaves a silent copy at the extracted position (gap) and is reactivated when the hearer/reader passes over the gap. Consequently, memory operations are assumed to occur to establish the filler-gap link. For languages that have a relatively free word order like German, a distinct linguistic operation called Scrambling is proposed. Although Movement and Scrambling are assumed to be different linguistic operations, they both involve memory prone filler-gap processes. To clarify whether filler-gap memory processes in Scrambling and Movement differ neuroanatomically, we designed a functional magnetic resonance imaging study and compared the effect of memory load parameterized by filler-gap distance in the 2 sentence types. Here, we show that processing of the 2 sentence types commonly relies on a left hemispheric network consisting of the inferior frontal gyrus, middle part of the middle temporal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus. However, we found differences for the 2 sentence types in the linearity of filler-gap distance effect. Thus, the present results suggest that the same neural substrate supports the memory processes of sentences constructed by Movement and Scrambling, although differentially modulated by memory load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. makuuchi@cbs.mpg.de
authors.forename: Michiru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
authors.forename: Yosef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Grodzinsky
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amunts
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Friederici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007802:Language; D008037:Linguistics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult