title: Barriers to and mediators of brain-computer interface user acceptance: focus group findings.
abstract: Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are designed to enable individuals with severe motor impairments such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to communicate and control their environment. A focus group was conducted with individuals with ALS (n=8) and their caregivers (n=9) to determine the barriers to and mediators of BCI acceptance in this population. Two key categories emerged: personal factors and relational factors. Personal factors, which included physical, physiological and psychological concerns, were less important to participants than relational factors, which included corporeal, technological and social relations with the BCI. The importance of these relational factors was analysed with respect to published literature on actor-network theory (ANT) and disability, and concepts of voicelessness and personhood. Future directions for BCI research are recommended based on the emergent focus group themes.
  This manuscript explores human factor issues involved in designing and evaluating brain-computer interface (BCI) systems for users with severe motor disabilities. Using participatory research paradigms and qualitative methods, this work draws attention to personal and relational factors that act as barriers to, or mediators of, user acceptance of this technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. sblain@umich.edu
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blain-Moraes
authors.forename: Riley
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.forename: Kirsten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gruis
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wren
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; D001921:Brain; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014584:User-Computer Interface