title: Withdrawal from morphine reduces cell-mediated immunity against herpes simplex virus generated by natural immunization.
abstract: In a previous study, the authors have shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B DNA vaccine but not live vaccine (non-virulent KOS strain) failed to induce protective immunity against acute HSV-1 challenge in morphine-dependent mice. The present study reports the effect of morphine withdrawal on protective immunity induced by live HSV-1 immunization. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with KOS strain as a live vaccine. Three weeks later, they were exposed to morphine for 14 days. On day 14, withdrawal was induced by administration of normal saline instead of morphine. One day later, immune responses against HSV-1 were assessed by measuring cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-γ production. Protection against HSV-1 was assessed by measuring the mortality rate after acute HSV-1 challenge. The results showed that withdrawal from morphine reduces protective immunity against acute HSV-1 challenge. These findings raise the possibility that withdrawal from morphine may increase the susceptibility of drug addicts to infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Unit, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. jamali@pasteur.ac.ir
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.forename: Hoorieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soleimanjahi
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moin
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabahi
authors.forename: Zuhair M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Taravat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamdad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D022283:Herpesvirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009020:Morphine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D022283:Herpesvirus Vaccines; D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine; D007371:Interferon-gamma