title: Correlations between malocclusions and dyslalias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was to evaluate the relationship between malocclusions and dyslalias and to plan a multidisciplinary  approach between orthodontics and speech therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  880 children (448 males and 432 females) ranging in age  from 6 to 10 years were examined at the Department of Orthodontics at Milan University to determine if a relationship between  malocclusions and dyslalia exists and their correlations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The children were examined by a speech therapist and  an orthodontist. An examination of the occlusion and phonetics was conducted and compared with an age-matched control  group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between malocclusion and dyslalia were found. The presence of Class III occlusion,  diastema, increase in overjet, presence of open and deep bite, asymmetry have high tendency to be associated with speech  disorders such as dyslalias. The presence of crowding and anterior cross bites have moderate tendency to be associated  with such disorders; on the contrary Class II occlusion, upper incisors protrusion, posterior cross bite and TMD have low  tendency to be associated with dyslalias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of dyslalia on the speech organs is not constant. On the  other hand, the effect of malocclusion on dyslalia seems to be more relevant and more frequent and to increase  proportionally, depending on the severity of the malocclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farronato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galbiati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maspero
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003970:Diastema; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000150:complications; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000150:complications; D024343:Open Bite / Q000150:complications; D057887:Overbite / Q000150:complications; D010700:Phonetics; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications; D014061:Tongue Habits