title: Symptoms and treatment of bipolar patients in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate affective symptoms and pharmacological treatment in bipolar I disorder patients, and to test whether self-rated symptoms could predict hospital admissions during a 12-month follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 231 outpatients with clinical bipolar I disorder were recruited. The clinical diagnoses were reassessed by a semi-structured interview. Twenty-four patients (10%) was reclassified as bipolar disorder type II or schizoaffective disorder (bipolar type). Medication status was recorded and symptoms were assessed with the self-rating scale AS-18. Patients were prospectively followed for 12 months and hospitalizations during that time were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than half (60%) rated themselves as normothymic. Mixed affective symptoms were more common than either depressive or manic/hypomanic symptoms. The admission rate during 1 year of follow-up was 13% (95% C.I. 8-17%). Patients which at baseline rated themselves high in either mania or in depression had a significantly increased risk for hospitalization (OR = 3.15; 95% C.I. 1.38-7.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings should encourage clinicians to use patient self ratings in order to identify patients with a high risk for hospitalization for targeted interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. adler.mats@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Backlund
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edman
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ösby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012008:Recurrence; D057566:Self Report; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents