title: Acute superior mesenteric artery embolism: reperfusion with AngioJet hydrodynamic suction thrombectomy and pharmacologic thrombolysis with the EKOS catheter.
abstract: Acute mesenteric ischemia is commonly treated by surgical exploration and open thrombectomy. Very few reports describe using newer, minimally invasive methods which utilize catheter-based mechanical and pharmacological thrombolysis. Herein, we report a case of acute superior mesenteric embolism successfully treated with AngioJet hydrodynamic mechanical thrombectomy and EKOS catheter pharmacological thrombolysis. A 76-year-old man with new onset atrial fibrillation presented with abdominal pain of 48 hours duration. Subsequent contrast computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a filling defect in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), suggestive of an acute embolus, which was confirmed by SMA angiogram. The AngioJet aspiration device was used for hydrodynamic suction thrombectomy. The repeat angiogram demonstrated only a partial restoration of blood flow, and thus the EKOS tissue plasminogen activator catheter was left in the SMA for continuous thrombolysis. The patient underwent continuous thrombolysis for two days, with two subsequent sessions of angiography. Thereafter, the patient improved symptomatically and serum lactate was normalized. In conclusion, the AngioJet suction thrombectomy and pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis using the EKOS catheter is associated with minimal morbidity and can be rapidly performed. It may be used as an alternative to open surgical thrombectomy in selected cases of acute SMA embolism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Services, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY,  USA.
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Ballehaninna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hingorani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ascher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiferson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aboian
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008641:Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011859:Radiography; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator