title: Self-reported alcohol and drug problems among internal medicine outpatients: relationships with criminal behavior.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous research indicates relationships between alcohol/substance misuse and criminal behavior, but past studies have restricted investigations to atypical samples and/or utilized limited assessments of illegal behavior. In the present study, we explored relationships between alcohol/drug problems and charges for 27 criminal behaviors in a primary care sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were a cross-sectional sample of 376 consecutive men and women, aged 18 years or older, being seen for nonemergent medical care at an outpatient internal medicine clinic staffed predominantly by residents and located in a midsized, midwestern city in October 2010. Using a self-report survey methodology, we examined relationships between alcohol and drug problems ("Have you ever had a problem with alcohol?" and "Have you ever had a problem with drugs?") and 27 illegal behaviors as delineated by the categories used by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with alcohol or drug problems statistically exhibited the greatest number of charges for different forms of illegal behavior (P < .001). These charges were directly related to alcohol/drug misuse (eg, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs) and otherwise (eg, aggravated assault, simple assault, gambling, larceny-theft).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In primary care settings, men with alcohol/drug problems may also have a history of illegal behaviors-a finding that is relevant in terms of social and legal implications.
authors.forename: Randy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wiederman