title: A technique for pediatric total skin electron irradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) is a special radiotherapy technique which has generally been used for treating adult patients with mycosis fungoides. Recently, two infants presented with leukemia cutis isolated to the skin requiring TSEI. This work discusses the commissioning and quality assurance (QA) methods for implementing a modified Stanford technique using a rotating harness system to position sedated pediatric patients treated with electrons to the total skin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Commissioning of pediatric TSEI consisted of absolute calibration, measurement of dosimetric parameters, and subsequent verification in a pediatric patient sized cylindrical phantom using radiographic film and optically stimulated luminance (OSL) dosimeters. The depth of dose penetration under TSEI treatment condition was evaluated using radiographic film sandwiched in the phantom and demonstrated a 2 cm penetration depth with the maximum dose located at the phantom surface. Dosimetry measurements on the cylindrical phantom and in-vivo measurements from the patients suggested that, the factor relating the skin and calibration point doses (i.e., the B-factor) was larger for the pediatric TSEI treatments as compared to adult TSEI treatments. Custom made equipment, including a rotating plate and harness, was fabricated and added to a standard total body irradiation stand and tested to facilitate patient setup under sedated condition. A pediatric TSEI QA program, consisting of daily output, energy, flatness, and symmetry measurements as well as in-vivo dosimetry verification for the first cycle was developed. With a long interval between pediatric TSEI cases, absolute dosimetry was also repeated as part of the QA program. In-vivo dosimetry for the first two infants showed that a dose of ± 10% of the prescription dose can be achieved over the entire patient body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though pediatric leukemia cutis and the subsequent need for TSEI are rare, the ability to commission the technique on a modified TBI stand is appealing for clinical implementation and has been successfully used for the treatment of two pediatric patients at our institution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5801 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. qinan.bao@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Qinan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hrycushko
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.forename: Frederick H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Solberg
mesh_terms: D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004583:Electrons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*