title: Bonding efficacy of 1-step self-etch adhesives: effect of additional enamel etching and hydrophobic layer application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of additional enamel etching and hydrophobic layer application on microleakage of 1-step self-etch adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Class V cavities were made on the buccal surfaces of 80 extracted human premolars. The teeth were divided into 2 test groups according to the 1-step self-etch adhesive used: Clearfil S(3) Bond and Xeno III. Each test group was subdivided into 4 groups (n=10) according to application mode of the adhesive: (1) Group 1=adhesive applied following manufacturer's directions; (2) Group 2=enamel etching prior to adhesive application; (3) Group 3=same as Group 1, plus application of an additional coat of hydrophobic resin layer; (4) Group 4=same as Group 2, plus application of an additional coat of hydrophobic resin layer. The adhesives were light cured, and the cavities were filled with resin composite. Specimens were thermocycled and analyzed for leakage using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of P=.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enamel etching significantly reduced leakage in both the adhesives. Hydrophobic resin layer application significantly reduced leakage in Xeno III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An additional acid etching step and hydrophobic resin layer application can improve the bonding of 1-step self-etched adhesives to enamel and dentin, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. naveenmanuja@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manuja
authors.forename: Rajni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001641:Bicuspid; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C487957:Xeno III