title: Microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process for treating dairy manure at low pH.
abstract: This study investigated the treatment of dairy manure using the microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP) at pH 2. An experimental design was developed based on a statistical program using response surface methodology to explore the effects of temperature, hydrogen peroxide dosage and heating time on sugar production, nutrient release and solids destruction. Temperature, hydrogen peroxide dosage and acid concentration were key factors affecting reducing sugar production. The highest reducing sugar yield of 7.4% was obtained at 160°C, 0 mL, 15 min heating time, and no H(2)O(2) addition. Temperature was a dominant factor for an increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the treated dairy manure. The important factors for volatile fatty acids (VFA) production were microwave temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage. Temperature was the most important parameter, and heating time, to a lesser extent affecting orthophosphate release. Heating time, hydrogen peroxide dosage and temperature were significant factors for ammonia release. There was a maximum of 96% and 196% increase in orthophosphate and ammonia concentration, respectively at 160°C, 0.5 mL H(2)O(2) and 15 min heating time. The MW-AOP is an effective method in dairy manure treatment for sugar production, nutrient solubilisation, and solids disintegration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. kvlo@civil.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Kwang V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Winnie W I
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Selina K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yawson
authors.forename: Ping H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012722:Sewage