title: Resizable ventricular patch plasty in the porcine left ventricle: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : Endoventricular circular patch plasty is a method used to reconstruct the ventricular cavity in patients with (post) ischemic left ventricular aneurysm or global dilatation. However, late redilatation with mitral regurgitation has been reported, in which postoperative apex shape seems to play an important role. We studied the feasibility of ventricular volume downsizing with a variably shaped patch in porcine hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  : In five in vitro and two acute animal experiments, a dyskinetic aneurysm was simulated with a pericardial insert. Reducing patch surface by changing patch shape diminished end-diastolic volume. In vitro, static end-diastolic volume was determined for each patch shape using volumetry and echocardiography. In the acute animal experiments, preliminary observations of patch behavior in live material were made, and pressure/time relationship, dPdTmax, was registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : In vitro, bringing the convex patch into a flat plane reduced LV volume from 66 ± 7 mL (aneurysm) to 49 ± 5 mL. Four of 5 patch shapes further reduced volume to a mean of 38 ± 7 mL (P = 0.03). The in vitro echocardiographic measurements correlated with volumetry findings (r = 0.81). In the acute animal experiments, dPdTmax varied with patch shape, independent of volume changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : In this pilot study, in vitro shape configuration of the resizable ventricular patch resulted in a calibrated end-diastolic volume reduction. The data of the two in vivo pilot experiments clearly indicate that change in patch configuration in the situation of more or less unchanged end-diastolic volume had impact on cardiac performance. Future studies must substantiate the results of this observation.
authors.affiliation: From the *University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands; †Experimental and Clinical Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; ‡Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and §Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willemijn H F
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Huijgen
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Gründeman
authors.forename: Tycho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Spoel
authors.forename: Maarten-Jan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steendijk
authors.forename: Robert J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Klautz
authors.forename: Lex A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van Herwerden