title: Evaluation of a new durable insulin pen with memory function among people with diabetes and healthcare professionals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate durable insulin pens among people with diabetes (PwD) and healthcare professionals (HCPs), by comparing two durable insulin pens with memory function: NovoPen® 5 (NP5) and HumaPen® Memoir™ (HPM), and two durable insulin pens without memory function: HumaPen Luxura® (HPL) and ClikSTAR® (CS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-over, multicentre usability test was conducted in China, Germany and the UK. Participants evaluated all four pens in randomised order by performing handling and usability tasks related to everyday use during a face-to-face interview. Tasks, pens and preferences were rated by completing a questionnaire comprising of rating and open-ended questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NP5 was preferred by 51% of participants compared with HPM (22%, p < 0.01), HPL (12%, p < 0.01) and CS (15%, p < 0.01). Participants preferred the design of NP5 (in particular, appearance, length and robustness). Memory function for the two pens was rated equally by participants, but 54% of PwD rated NP5 as 'very easy' to learn to use versus 22% for HPM and significantly more HCPs found it 'very easy' to teach patients to use NP5 versus HPM (6-point rating scale; difference in mean score, p < 0.01). Substantially, more PwD would be confident in using NP5 (64%) compared with HPM (43%), HPL (49%) and CS (45%) (6-point rating scale; difference in mean score, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NP5 was preferred by > 50% of PwD and HCPs. NP5 was more highly rated for design, memory function and ease of learning/teaching compared with HPM. Most PwD would be confident in using NP5 for administering daily insulin injections.
authors.affiliation: Peking University First Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Bärbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sommavilla
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanterpool
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qvist
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bethien
authors.forename: Søren Kruse
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lilleøre
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D002681:China; D016248:Computer Storage Devices; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005858:Germany; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin