title: Intraoperative electroanatomic mapping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An electroanatomic mapping system using an electromagnetic navigation technology constructs a 3-dimensional structure of the heart with high geometric accuracy of the data that provides a precise localization of the substrates of arrhythmias. The system was tested for the feasibility and efficacy in intraoperative mapping.
  
  
  METHODS
  The strength of the magnetic field is measured by a location sensor with three different frequencies generated by a location pad placed beneath the operating table, and the spatial location of the sensor is determined. By roving the catheter on the heart while the local electrogram is recorded simultaneously, the 3-dimensional figure of the heart is reconstructed and an activation or voltage map is generated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The system was used in 19 patients with ventricular tachycardia or other arrhythmias. The focus or reentrant circuit of the tachycardia was precisely located and a map-guided procedure was successfully performed in all patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass allowed for the tachycardias to be mapped without any hemodynamic compromise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative mapping using the electroanatomic mapping system enables a precise localization of the tachycardia substrate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. nitta@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: Hiroshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Shun-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D057785:Catheters; D004562:Electrocardiography; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures; D055815:Young Adult