title: Genetic expression of MMP-Matrix-mettalo-proteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-13) as a function of anterior mandibular repositioning appliance on the growth of mandibular condylar cartilage with and without administration of Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and Transforming growth factor-B (TGF-β).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) will grow with and without mandibular anterior repositioning appliances with the administration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four growing New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: a group with saline injection in the temporomandibular joint, a group that received anterior positioning appliance, and a group that received injection of growth factors as well as mandibular repositioning appliance. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was used to study gene expression supported by histomorphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of growth factors along with mandibular repositioning appliances has induced 5.70-fold expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) (P < .0005) and 1.29-fold expression of MMP-13 (P < .0005). In contrast, administration of mandibular repositioning appliances only has induced 2.33-fold expression of MMP-1 (P < .0005) and 0.83-fold expression of MMP-13 (P < .0005). Histomorphometric analysis revealed increased proliferation of the condylar cartilage in the appliance and injection group as compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of growth factors along with the use of mandibular advancement appliance has increased genetic expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 supported by histomorphometric evidence indicating growth of condylar cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bharati Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India. amolp66@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Amol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Ravindranath
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sable
authors.forename: Ramanlal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kothari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1