title: Different cardiac loading conditions and haemodynamic monitoring in animal models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop models of various cardiac loading conditions in an experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 78 piglets, average weight 24 kg were divided into 4 groups under different cardiac loading conditions: Group A were spontaneously breathing pigs without haemodynamic changes, Group B were ventilated animals with increased left ventricular afterload, Group C ventilated with increased right ventricular preload and Group D ventilated with increased afterload of both heart ventricles. Haemodynamic parameters were invasively measured at 60 and 120 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups B, C and D demonstrated higher preload of both ventricles, compared with Group A. Group C demonstrated higher preload and afterload of both ventricles in comparison with Groups B and D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haemodynamic measured data confirmed the expected changes in cardiac loading and corresponded to human clinical situations. These models may be used for future experimental haemodynamic studies (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 8).
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Treska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molacek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kuntscher
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koppl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013815:Thermodilution; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology