title: Olive oil consumption, BMI, and risk of obesity in Spanish adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olive oil is an energy-dense food frequently consumed in south European countries with increasingly high obesity prevalence. Evidence of the impact of olive oil consumption on BMI and the risk of obesity is limited. We analyzed this association taking into consideration the problem of energy underreporting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data on 6,352 Spanish adults were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher olive oil consumption was not associated with energy compensation in the overall diet. Olive oil consumption was positively associated (p < 0.004) with BMI in non-energy-adjusted multivariate linear regression models. Statistical significance of this association disappeared after controlling for energy intake in plausible energy intake reporters. The obesity risk increased for olive oil consumption of more than 2 tablespoons/day in both plausible energy intake reporters (odds ratio 1.30 (95% CI 1.01-1.70)) and energy intake underreporters (odds ratio 3.06 (95% CI 2.15-4.35)). This association was not significant after additional adjustment for energy intake (odds ratio 1.19 (95% CI 0.91-1.56)) in plausible energy intake reporters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olive oil intake did not affect BMI and the risk of obesity after adjustment for total energy intake in plausible energy intake reporters. The lack of energy intake compensation for olive oil consumption might explain the positive associations in models not adjusted for energy.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Research Program in Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandra D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Benítez-Arciniega
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ulloa
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giralt
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colprim
authors.forename: Maria-Asunción
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rovira Martori
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils