title: Effects of the total alkaloidal extract of Murraya koenigii leaf on oxidative stress and cholinergic transmission in aged mice.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by signs of major oxidative stress and the loss of cholinergic cells. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the total alkaloidal extract from Murraya koenigii (MKA) leaves on age related oxidative stress and the cholinergic pathway in aged mice. Ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a standard drug. The MKA improved the level of protective antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GRD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in brain homogenate at higher doses (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.). Moreover, a dose dependent decline was noted in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the nitric oxide assay (NO) at all doses of MKA (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.). Interestingly, significant progress was noted with the supplementation of MKA by an improvement of the acetylcholine (ACh) levels and a reduction in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in aged mouse brain. In addition, a significant elevation of serum albumin (ALBU), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and total protein as well as a decline in creatinine, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen and glucose levels with MKA also ameliorated the hepatic and renal functions in normal ageing process. The results showed the possible utility of Murraya koenigii leaves in neuroprotection against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA-UiTM, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. vasudevan@puncakalam.uitm.edu.my
authors.forename: Vasudevan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.forename: Kalavathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: Aliya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Siti Norshazwani
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.forename: Siti Murnirah
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.forename: Teh Lay
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kek
authors.forename: Mohd Zaki
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.forename: Abu Bakar Abdul
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Majeed
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D032101:Murraya / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine