title: Elucidation of antifungal metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca IB5-10 with broad-spectrum antifungal activity.
abstract: Antifungal metabolites were isolated from a culture of Pseudomonas aurantiaca IB5-10. Chemical structures of the metabolites were elucidated as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA; 1), 2-hydroxyphenazine (2-OH-PHZ; 2), and cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Val; 3), respectively, based on spectroscopic methods. Among them, 3 was isolated for the first time from this strain. The antifungal activities of 1-3 were evaluated against a variety of plant pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, the antifungal activities of 3 against plant fungal pathogens have been evaluated for the first time in this work. PCA (1) showed the most potent antifungal activities against Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IA), and Pythium ultimum with MICs (microgram/ml) of less than 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0, respectively. On the other hand, 2-OH-PHZ (2) showed potent antifungal activity against R. solani AG-1(IA) with the MIC (microgram/ml) of 2.0, whereas it showed moderate antifungal activity against P. ultimum with the MIC (microgram/ml) of 50.0. In addition, 3 showed antifungal activity against only R. solani AG- 1(IA).
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-729, Korea.
authors.forename: Gwee Kyo
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sang-Dal
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010619:Phenazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010619:Phenazines; C037165:1-phenazinecarboxylic acid; C088013:2-hydroxyphenazine