title: Commentary on the treatment of gender variant and gender dysphoric children and adolescents: common themes and ethical reflections.
abstract: This commentary offers preliminary ethical reflections on the range of treatments for gender variant and gender dysphoric children, adolescents, and young adults described in the preceding five clinical articles. After clarifying the terminology used to discuss these issues, this commentary reviews several common themes of the clinical articles. Focusing on ethical values of informed consent, full disclosure, the minimization or avoidance of harm, and the maximization of life options, the commentary expresses concerns about various treatment options endorsed by some of the articles. In particular, this commentary focuses on how these practices problematically reproduce social prejudices and stereotypes and how they fail to acknowledge and embrace the multiple pathways for expressing one's gender. It also compares and contrasts the ethical issues related to gender variant and gender dysphoric youths and youths who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer.
authors.affiliation: Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D030881:Disclosure; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000941:ethics; D011627:Puberty / Q000523:psychology; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*