title: Platelets contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The function of platelets in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies is thus far poorly defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We addressed the role of platelets in mediating CNS inflammation in EAE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that platelets were present in human MS lesions as well as in the CNS of mice subjected to EAE but not in the CNS from control nondiseased mice. Platelet depletion at the effector-inflammatory phase of EAE in mice resulted in significantly ameliorated disease development and progression. EAE suppression on platelet depletion was associated with reduced recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed CNS, as assessed by intravital microscopy, and with a blunted inflammatory response. The platelet-specific receptor glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) promotes both platelet adhesion and inflammatory actions of platelets and targeting of GPIbα attenuated EAE in mice. Moreover, targeting another platelet adhesion receptor, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa), also reduced EAE severity in mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platelets contribute to the pathogenesis of EAE by promoting CNS inflammation. Targeting platelets may therefore represent an important new therapeutic approach for MS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Harald.Langer@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Harald F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schleicher
authors.forename: Kyoung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Zhongshu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bdeir
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatzigeorgiou
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Sumeena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kruhlak
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Hongchang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lehrmann
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Yunmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Daniel I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nieswandt
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lambris
authors.forename: Xuri
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Meuth
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kubes
authors.forename: Triantafyllos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chavakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; C094990:adhesion receptor