title: Pertussis resurgence among vaccinated children in Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the aetiology of persistent cough among vaccinated children as suspected cases of pertussis in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. Pertussis or whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is re-appearing in many countries despite vaccination coverage. In Khairpur, persistent cough and symptoms similar to pertussis among vaccinated children are common but the aetiology has not been investigated previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  B. pertussis was isolated from cough samples of suspected pertussis patients (n = 700) using the cough plate method with charcoal agar.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolation and confirmation of the clinical isolates of B. pertussis was performed by culture on Bordet-Gengou medium, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 22 strains of B. pertussis were isolated from clinical cough samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of pertussis in vaccinated children in Khairpur. There is a need for continuous monitoring of pertussis after immunization programmes in order to assess the efficacy of pertussis vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mughal
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine