title: Graphene-based wireless bacteria detection on tooth enamel.
abstract: Direct interfacing of nanosensors onto biomaterials could impact health quality monitoring and adaptive threat detection. Graphene is capable of highly sensitive analyte detection due to its nanoscale nature. Here we show that graphene can be printed onto water-soluble silk. This in turn permits intimate biotransfer of graphene nanosensors onto biomaterials, including tooth enamel. The result is a fully biointerfaced sensing platform, which can be tuned to detect target analytes. For example, via self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides onto graphene, we show bioselective detection of bacteria at single-cell levels. Incorporation of a resonant coil eliminates the need for onboard power and external connections. Combining these elements yields two-tiered interfacing of peptide-graphene nanosensors with biomaterials. In particular, we demonstrate integration onto a tooth for remote monitoring of respiration and bacteria detection in saliva. Overall, this strategy of interfacing graphene nanosensors with biomaterials represents a versatile approach for ubiquitous detection of biochemical targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Manu S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mannoor
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Jefferson D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Amartya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Rajesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Fiorenzo G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Omenetto
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McAlpine
mesh_terms: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006108:Graphite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014070:Tooth / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006108:Graphite