title: Distortion of near-surface seawater temperature structure by a moored-buoy hull and its effect on skin temperature and heat flux estimates.
abstract: Previous studies have suggested that the accuracy of temperature measurements by surface-moored buoys may be affected by distortions of the near-surface temperature structure by the buoy hull on calm, sunny days. We obtained the first definite observational evidence that the temperature near the hull was not horizontally homogeneous at the same nominal depth. We observed large temperature differences of 1.0 K or more between thermometers at 0.2 m depth. The distortion of the surface temperature field yielded an error in estimates of daytime net surface heat flux up to more than 30 Wm(-2).
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan; E-Mail:  andouk@jamstec.go.jp  (K.A.).
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura