title: Real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in daily practice: initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and possible additional value of transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3D-TTE) for the assessment of cardiac structures as compared to 2D-TTE.
  
  
  METHODS
  320 patients (mean age 45 ± 8.4 years, 75% males) underwent 2D-TTE and RT3D-TTE using 3DQ-Q lab software for offline analysis. Volume quantification and functional assessment was performed in 90 patients for left ventricle and in 20 patients for right ventricle. Assessment of native (112 patients) and prosthetic (30 patients) valves morphology and functions was performed. RT3D-TTE was performed for evaluation of septal defects in 30 patients and intracardiac masses in 52 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT3D-TTE assessment of left ventricle was feasible and reproducible in 86% of patients while for right ventricle, it was (55%). RT3D-TTE could define the surface anatomy of mitral valve optimally (100%), while for aortic and tricuspid was (88% and 81% respectively). Valve area could be planimetered in 100% for the mitral and in 80% for the aortic. RT3D-TTE provided a comprehensive anatomical and functional evaluation of prosthetic valves. RT3D-TTE enface visualization of septal defects allowed optimal assessment of shape, size, area and number of defects and evaluated the outcome post device closure. RT3D-TTE allowed looking inside the intracardiac masses through multiple sectioning, valuable anatomical delineation and volume calculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial experience showed that the use of RT3D-TTE in the assessment of cardiac patients is feasible and allowed detailed anatomical and functional assessment of many cardiac disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, P,O, Box: 9862, Jeddah 21159, Saudi-Arabia. ashrafanwar2000@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ashraf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Youssef F M
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Nosir
authors.forename: Siti Khairani
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Zainal-Abidin
authors.forename: Aref
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajam
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chamsi-Pasha
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity