title: Carbon coated nano-LiTi2(PO4)3 electrodes for non-aqueous hybrid supercapacitors.
abstract: The Pechini type polymerizable complex decomposition method is employed to prepare LiTi(2)(PO(4))(3) at 1000 °C in air. High energy ball milling followed by carbon coating by the glucose-method yielded C-coated nano-LiTi(2)(PO(4))(3) (LTP) with a crystallite size of 80(±5) nm. The phase is characterized by X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, thermogravimetry, SEM, HR-TEM and Raman spectra. Lithium cycling properties of LTP show that 1.75 moles of Li (~121 mA h g(-1) at 15 mA g(-1) current) per formula unit can be reversibly cycled between 2 and 3.4 V vs. Li with 83% capacity retention after 70 cycles. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) reveal the two-phase reaction mechanism during Li insertion/extraction. A hybrid electrochemical supercapacitor (HEC) with LTP as negative electrode and activated carbon (AC) as positive electrode in non-aqueous electrolyte is studied by CV at various scan rates and by galvanostatic cycling at various current rates up to 1000 cycles in the range 0-3 V. Results show that the HEC delivers a maximum energy density of 14 W h kg(-1) and a power density of 180 W kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aravindan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chuiling
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: G V Subba
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: B V R
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Chowdari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madhavi
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D002244:Carbon; D014025:Titanium; D005947:Glucose