title: Virucidal activity of alcohol-based hand rub disinfectants.
abstract: We investigated the virucidal activity of commercially available alcohol-based hand rub products against coxsackievirus A7, B5, feline calicivirus F9, and human adenovirus type 3, type 7, type 8 using susceptible cell lines, Vero cells, CRFK cells, and A549 cells. Fifteen tested hand rub  products were ethanol (EtOH) for disinfection (Japanese Pharmacopoeia Grade), two EtOH-based products, one povidone iode-containing product, one alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride-containing product, six benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-containing products, and four chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG)-containing products. Some active ingredients (BAK, benzetonium chloride, and CHG) were diluted with EtOH to make 0.5% and 0.2% solutions. Virus inactivation rates were calculated after contact with each hand rub product for 10 or 60 seconds. Of the hand rub products tested, only the povidone iode-based product showed antiviral activity superior to that of EtOH against all the strains. EtOH solutions of active ingredients (0.2% and 0.5%) also showed decreased antiviral activity. In conclusion, antiviral activity of all the commercially available alcohol-based hand rub products except that containing povidone idode was dependent on their active ingredients. The povidone idode-containing hand rub product kept its effectiveness even after the dilution with EtOH. Although alcohol-based hand rub products are convenient and suitable for the control of some microbes, they are not generally recommended for the control of viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology. iwasawa@bio.titech.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwano
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayaki
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006801:Humans; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D000431:Ethanol