title: Toll-like receptors: key players in antiviral immunity.
abstract: TLRs are a family of innate receptors whose specificities are predetermined in the germline. Therefore, TLRs have evolved to recognize conserved features of microbes. Viruses typically lack the conserved features common to other pathogen classes, so the innate immune system has evolved to recognize viral nucleic acid as a hallmark of viral infection. In this review we discuss examples of TLR-mediated viral recognition and the functional consequences of this recognition for antiviral immunity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arpaia
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors