title: An unusual ventriculoperitoneal shunt complication: spontaneous knot formation.
abstract: This article aims to describe an extraordinary complication of a     ventriculoperitoneal shunt system that formed a knot spontaneously and lead to a     shunt malfunction. A 3-year-old male patient was operated due to posttraumatic     hydrocephalus. After an uneventful follow-up period of 34 months, he presented     with shunt malfunction. During the shunt revision surgery, the peritoneal     catheter was found to form a loop over itself. There are various complications     of ventriculoperitoneal shunt systems. Migration to body cavities is among the     most interesting ones. This is the fifth report describing this rare     complication. Hydrocephalic patients should be closely followed up after shunt     surgery for various extraordinary complications.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey. alpob@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alp Ozgun
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Borcek
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Civi
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golen
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Emmez
authors.forename: M Kemali
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baykaner
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods*; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation