title: Trophic factors and cell therapy to stimulate brain repair after ischaemic stroke.
abstract: Brain repair involves a compendium of natural mechanisms that are activated following stroke. From a therapeutic viewpoint, reparative therapies that encourage cerebral plasticity are needed. In the last years, it has been demonstrated that modulatory treatments for brain repair such as trophic factor- and stem cell-based therapies can promote neurogenesis, gliogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis and angiogenesis, all of which having a beneficial impact on infarct volume, cell death and, finally, and most importantly, on the functional recovery. However, even when promising results have been obtained in a wide range of experimental animal models and conditions these preliminary results have not yet demonstrated their clinical efficacy. Here, we focus on brain repair modulatory treatments for ischaemic stroke, that use trophic factors, drugs with trophic effects and stem cell therapy. Important and still unanswered questions for translational research ranging from experimental animal models to recent and ongoing clinical trials are reviewed here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Fernández
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Frutos
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos-Cejudo
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vallejo-Cremades
authors.forename: Exuperio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díez-Tejedor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D055495:Neurogenesis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors