title: Implant site development by orthodontic forced extraction: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the soft and hard tissue response to orthodontic implant site development (OISD) (ie, forced extraction), to measure the amount of tissue that was regenerated and its relationship to the amount of orthodontic vertical tooth movement, to evaluate the tissue response in teeth with different degrees of periodontal attachment loss, to understand the limits of OISD, and to evaluate the implant survival rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 hopeless teeth were treated with OISD, and 27 implants were placed in 13 patients consecutively. The level of periodontal attachment on the teeth to be extracted, amount of augmented alveolar bone, changes in soft tissue volume, and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values after OISD were as follows: orthodontic extrusive movement, 6.2 ± 1.4 mm; bone augmentation, 4 ± 1.4 mm; coronal movement of the gingival margin, 3.9 ± 1.5 mm; coronal movement of the mucogingival junction, 2.1 ± 1.3 mm; keratinized gingival augmentation, 1.8 ± 1.1 mm; gingival thickness (buccolingual dimension) augmentation, 0.7 ± 0.4 mm; recession, 1.8 ± 1.2 mm; bone augmentation/orthodontic movement ratio (efficacy), 68.9% ± 17.3%; gingival augmentation/orthodontic movement ratio (efficacy), 65.2% ± 19.9%; and pocket depth reduction, 1.8 ± 0.9 mm. The implant survival rate was 96.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OISD was a viable treatment for these hopeless teeth to regenerate hard and soft tissues. Its efficacy was about 70% for bone regeneration and 60% for gingival augmentation. The residual attachment level on the tooth was not a limitation. OISD might be a valuable treatment option to regenerate tissues for implant site development in patients in need of conventional orthodontic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otthodontics, University of Ferrar, Ferrara, Italy. dr.amatofrancesco@libero.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: A Davide
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mirabella
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Macca
authors.forename: Dennis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Tarnow
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000628:therapy; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion / Q000379:methods*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000628:therapy; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000628:therapy; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome