title: Dynamic roles for NF-κB in HTLV-I and HIV-1 retroviral pathogenesis.
abstract: Viruses and hosts are involved in a continuing 'arms race'. The body deploys multiple defenses; however, viruses utilize generally superior and more rapidly evolving tactics for negating host immune surveillance and viral clearance. In the case of the two major pathogenic human retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I), the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor plays a key role in the host's anti-viral responses involving both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Similarly, these retroviruses capably exploit NF-κB for their replication, spread, and pathogenic functions. In this review, we discuss the dynamic and intimate interplay that occurs between NF-κB and the HTLV-I and HIV-1 retroviral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Warner C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D016356:Gene Products, tax; C479751:HBZ protein, human T-cell leukemia virus type I; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins