title: Effects of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides on enamel de- and remineralization in primary teeth: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amorphous calcium phosphate, stabilized by casein phosphopeptides, has been found to enhance remineralization of subsurface lesions in permanent teeth. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of GC Tooth Mousse to enhance remineralization of initial demineralized enamel sites in primary teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four demineralization sites were created in 22 extracted primary teeth. Samples were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups (GC Tooth Mousse covering, GC Tooth Mousse covering and demineralization, and control groups). The mineral content of each sample was evaluated using energy dispersive X-ray analysis, performed from the enamel surface of each lesion inwards. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance, with a significance level P<.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples treated with GC Tooth Mousse demonstrated an increase in the calcium-phosphate ratio by approximately 2% near the surface, a minimal increase of 1% at a depth over 60 μm, and no change at a depth from 40 to 60 μm, with no statistically significant differences (P>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a minimal increase in the subsurface calcium-phosphate ratio following GC Tooth Mousse treatment, especially in demineralized enamel tissue.
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bar-Hillel
authors.forename: Osnat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: Nili
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tickotsky
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: Moti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moskovitz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011897:Random Allocation; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex