title: Small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Outcome analysis using telemetry review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there were any interactions between cardiac devices and small bowel capsules secondary to electromagnetic interference (EMI) in patients who have undergone small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Authors conducted a chart review of 20 patients with a cardiac pacemaker (CP) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) who underwent continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during their SBCE from 2003-2008. authors searched for unexplained electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, changes in CP and ICD set parameters, any abnormality in transmitted capsule data, and adverse clinical events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no adverse events or hemodynamically significant arrhythmias reported. CP and ICD set parameters were preserved. The majority of ECG abnormalities were also found in pre- or post- SBCE ECG tracings and the CP behavior during arrhythmias appeared appropriate. Two patients seemed to have episodes of undersensing by the CP. However, similar findings were documented in ECGs taken outside the time frame of the SBCE. One patient was observed to have a low signal encountered from the capsule resulting in lack of localization, but no images were lost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capsule-induced EMI remains a possibility but is unlikely to be clinically important. CP-induced interference of SBCE is also possible, but is infrequent and does not result in loss of images transmitted by the capsule.
authors.affiliation: Justin R Cuschieri, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, 5401 Old York Road, Klein building suite 363, Philadelphia, PA 19141, United States.
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cuschieri
authors.forename: Mohammed N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Richard Ck
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chak
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Isenberg