title: Transfer profile of orally and intramuscularly administered tetrodotoxin to artificial hybrid specimens of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu porphyreus.
abstract: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was administered to artificially hybridized specimens of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu porphyreus to investigate toxin accumulation in hybrids and TTX transfer/accumulation profiles in the pufferfish body. In test fish administered TTX-containing feed homogenate at a dose of ∼400 MU/fish by oral gavage using a syringe (OGA group), the toxin content (MU/g tissue) of the digestive tract rapidly decreased and that of the liver increased from 1 to 24 h after administration. From 24 to 120 h, the toxin content of the liver decreased gradually, and the toxin appeared in the skin. On the other hand, intramuscularly administered TTX (400 MU/fish) was rapidly transferred to the liver and skin via the blood, and only a little toxin remained in the muscle even at 1 h (IMA group). The total amount of toxin remaining in the whole body (% of administered toxin) was 31-45% in the OGA group, and 42-74% in the IMA group; the scores in the OGA group were generally lower than those in the IMA group. In both OGA and IMA groups, the greatest amount of toxin accumulated in the liver (23-52%) after 8 h, followed by the skin (11-21%) after 72 h. The TTX administration experiment, especially using the oral gavage administration method, revealed that skins and livers of 'torama' pufferfish hybrid are endowed with TTX-accumulating ability, but the muscles are not, and that TTX taken up from toxic feed to the pufferfish body is transferred first to the liver and then to the skin via the blood.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Taiichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatsuno
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nina
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takatani
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D023741:Takifugu / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D013779:Tetrodotoxin