title: Organ-specific responses to circulatory disturbances in heart failure: new insights.
abstract: Recent studies have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. Organ-specific responses to circulatory disturbances may differ via a hypoperfusion state and a venous congestion state. The liver and the kidneys serve as a good example of a differential injury pattern based on the predominant circulatory insult. Cardiorenal syndrome appears to be a kidney-specific response to predominantly right-sided backward heart failure ("congestive state"), rather than forward heart failure. Despite significant progress in our understanding of cardiorenal interactions, there is no specific therapy for the cardiorenal syndrome, which is a marker of the severity of the heart failure state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA. eargulian@chpnet.org
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Argulian
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Marrick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukin
mesh_terms: D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000473:pathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D012769:Shock / Q000473:pathology*