title: Cyclic fatigue analysis of twisted file rotary NiTi instruments used in reciprocating motion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cyclic fatigue fracture resistance of engine-driven twisted file (TF) instruments under reciprocating movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 30 size 25, 0.08 taper NiTi TF instruments was tested in a simulated canal with 60˚ angle of curvature and a 3 mm radius. During mechanical testing, different movement kinematics were used at a constant speed, which resulted in three experimental groups (each group n = 10). The instruments from the first group (G1) were rotated until fracture occurred. The instruments in the second (G2) and third group (G3) were driven under reciprocating movement with different angles of reciprocation. The time of fracture for each instrument was measured, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Different test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reciprocating movement resulted in a significantly longer cyclic fatigue life (P < 0.0001) when compared with continuous rotation. No difference was found between reciprocation 150° clockwise/30° counterclockwise (CW/CCW) and 30° CW/150° CCW.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reciprocating movement was associated with an extended cyclic fatigue life of the TF size 0.25, 0.08 taper instruments in comparison with conventional rotation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambarini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gergi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naaman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Al Sudani
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009068:Movement; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012399:Rotation; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium