title: Involvement of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in mitotic arrest by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (MEK-ERK-RSK1) cascade.
abstract: Cell division is controlled through cooperation of different kinases. Of these, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) play key roles. Plk1 acts as a G(2)/M trigger, and RSK1 promotes G(1) progression. Although previous reports show that Plk1 is suppressed by RSK1 during meiosis in Xenopus oocytes, it is still not clear whether this is the case during mitosis or whether Plk1 counteracts the effects of RSK1. Few animal models are available for the study of controlled and transient cell cycle arrest. Here we show that encysted embryos (cysts) of the primitive crustacean Artemia are ideal for such research because they undergo complete cell cycle arrest when they enter diapause (a state of obligate dormancy). We found that Plk1 suppressed the activity of RSK1 during embryonic mitosis and that Plk1 was inhibited during embryonic diapause and mitotic arrest. In addition, studies on HeLa cells using Plk1 siRNA interference and overexpression showed that phosphorylation of RSK1 increased upon interference and decreased after overexpression, suggesting that Plk1 inhibits RSK1. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the regulation of Plk1 during cell division and Artemia diapause cyst formation and the correlation between the activity of Plk1 and RSK1.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dian-Fu
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sheng-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jin-Shu
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.forename: Wei-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1
chemical_list: D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1