title: Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrates and trace elements on perioperative nutritional status in elective surgery patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to enhance postoperative recovery, preoperative consumption of carbohydrate (CHO) drinks has been used to suppress metabolic fluctuations. Trace elements such as zinc and copper are known to play an important role in postoperative recovery. Here, we examined the effects of preoperatively consuming a CHO drink containing zinc and copper.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 122 elective surgery patients divided into two groups (overnight fasting and CHO groups); each group was further divided into morning or afternoon surgery groups. Subjects in the CHO group consumed 300 mL of a CHO drink the night before surgery, followed by 200 ml before morning surgery or 700 ml before afternoon surgery (> or =2 hours before anesthesia induction). Blood levels of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), retinol-binding protein, zinc, and copper were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One subject in the CHO group was excluded after refusing the drink. There were no adverse effects from the CHO drink. NEFA levels increased in the fasting groups. Although zinc levels increased in the CHO group immediately after anesthesia induction, no group differences were observed the day after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative consumption of a CHO drink containing trace elements suppressed preoperative metabolic fluctuations without complications and prevented trace element deficiency. Further beneficial effects during the perioperative period can be expected by adding trace elements to CHO supplements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan. oyama@oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaka
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiihara
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujitomi
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000758:Anesthesia; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000187:drug effects*; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D014131:Trace Elements; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc