title: Carbohydrates inhibit salivary proteins precipitation by condensed tannins.
abstract: Condensed tannins are a group of polyphenols that are associated with the astringency sensation, as they readily interact and precipitate salivary proteins. As this interaction is affected by carbohydrates, the aim of this work was to study the effect of some carbohydrates used in the food industry [arabic gum (AG), pectin, and poligalacturonic acid (PGA)] on the salivary proteins/grape seed procyanidins interaction. This was assessed monitoring the salivary proteins that remain soluble in the presence of condensed tannins with the addition of carbohydrates (HPLC) and analysis of the respective precipitates (SDS-PAGE). The results show that pectin was the most efficient in inhibiting protein/tannin precipitation, followed by AG and PGA. The results suggest that pectin and PGA exert their effect by formation of a ternary complex protein/polyphenol/carbohydrate, while AG competes with proteins for tannin binding (competition mechanism). The results also point out that both hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions are important for the carbohydrate effects.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Investigation Center (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mateus
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Freitas
mesh_terms: D015536:Down-Regulation; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D010368:Pectins; D006170:Gum Arabic; C003181:polygalacturonic acid