title: Localised boundary air layer and clothing evaporative resistances for individual body segments.
abstract: Evaporative resistance is an important parameter to characterise clothing thermal comfort. However, previous work has focused mainly on either total static or dynamic evaporative resistance. There is a lack of investigation of localised clothing evaporative resistance. The objective of this study was to study localised evaporative resistance using sweating thermal manikins. The individual and interaction effects of air and body movements on localised resultant evaporative resistance were examined in a strict protocol. The boundary air layer's localised evaporative resistance was investigated on nude sweating manikins at three different air velocity levels (0.18, 0.48 and 0.78 m/s) and three different walking speeds (0, 0.96 and 1.17 m/s). Similarly, localised clothing evaporative resistance was measured on sweating manikins at three different air velocities (0.13, 0.48 and 0.70 m/s) and three walking speeds (0, 0.96 and 1.17 m/s). Results showed that the wind speed has distinct effects on local body segments. In contrast, walking speed brought much more effect on the limbs, such as thigh and forearm, than on body torso, such as back and waist. In addition, the combined effect of body and air movement on localised evaporative resistance demonstrated that the walking effect has more influence on the extremities than on the torso. Therefore, localised evaporative resistance values should be provided when reporting test results in order to clearly describe clothing local moisture transfer characteristics.
  Localised boundary air layer and clothing evaporative resistances are essential data for clothing design and assessment of thermal comfort. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of air and body movement on localised evaporative resistance is also necessary by both textile and apparel researchers and industry.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. faming.wang@empa.ch
authors.forename: Faming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: del Ferraro
authors.forename: Li-Yen
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sotto Mayor
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Chuansi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Kalev
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuklane
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holmér
mesh_terms: D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005334:Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008348:Manikins; D016272:Occupational Health; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013546:Sweating; D060726:Torso