title: Contrast-response functions of the multifocal steady-state VEP (MSV).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure contrast-response functions (CRFs) for 9 visual field (VF) regions and nonlinear interactions between regions using a multifocal steady-state VEP (MSV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten normal adults were tested (51.7 ± 16.9 yr, 5 females). Stimuli resembling those of the Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) perimeter were presented in 9 VF regions simultaneously, which were modulated at incommensurate temporal frequencies (mean 19.7 Hz). Responses were recorded to 11 contrasts from 3% to 89%, using 8 scalp electrodes. Two repeats of a 20s duration stimulus were averaged for each contrast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CRFs were log-linear except for a depression near 7% contrast (p=0.0008), which was prominent in the central VF. The effects of VF region, stimulus frequency and recording electrode were significant (all p<0.016). Significant responses at frequencies corresponding to interactions between VF regions also appeared. Electrodes that were best for the interactions and second harmonic responses differed, suggesting different cortical sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite short recording durations the saturating CRFs meant that significant responses could be measured to low contrasts, and be distinguished from nonlinear interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recording MSVs to low contrast FDT-like stimuli might be useful for quantifying damage by glaucoma and other visual disorders.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.lastname: Vaegan
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maddess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012016:Reference Values; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*