title: Surgical treatment of vaginal vault prolapse:  a historic summary and review of outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to review the history of surgical treatment of vaginal vault prolapse, its current treatments, and its outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed search was conducted using the following terms: vaginal vault prolapse, apical prolapse, surgical treatments, culdoplasty, uterosacral ligament fixation, and sacral colpopexy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaginal vault prolapse is a common condition with many surgical treatment options. Surgical principles and treatment of this condition dates back to the 19th century. Native tissue repairs such as McCall culdoplasty, uterosacral ligament fixation, and sacrospinous fixation have high overall success rates with restoring apical anatomy. Sacral colpopexy also has excellent success rates when mesh is needed to augment repairs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are many options for the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse. Modifications have been made to the original procedures; however, the basic principles are still applicable and include attaching the vaginal apex to level 1 support.
authors.affiliation: Academic Urology and Urogynecology of Arizona, Litchfield Park, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Klauschie
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cornella
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*