title: [Clinical manifestations related to kitchen biomass smoke in African women].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fires of wood and charcoal play an essential part in the cooking of food in Africa. These fires emit thick smoke that has definite health consequences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical manifestations related to kitchen smoke and to identify the type of fire most often incriminated.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a transverse study comparing the clinical features in women using three types of fire: wood, charcoal and gas. We questioned 200 women in each group who used one type of fire exclusively for five days a week for at least five years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical manifestations associated with the smoke were reported in all the women using wood as opposed to 98.5% using charcoal and 45.5% using gas. More than 80% had physical signs. These comprised 89.1% upper respiratory and 77% pulmonary signs. Upper respiratory signs were the most common, mainly sneezing and nasal obstruction. At the pulmonary level, a predominance of signs was found in women using wood fires (47.3%) and charcoal (36.2%), the difference being statistically significant. The signs included chronic cough, chest pain and dyspnoea. Wheezes were found in 15% of the women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cooking smoke exposes women to complications which are most frequently associated with the use of wood or charcoal.
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, 22 1105 Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. bokokouassi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kouassi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahui
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: N'Guessan
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Anon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koffi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ngom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aka-Danguy
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Koffi
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Djè Bi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ano
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018533:Biomass; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002606:Charcoal; D003296:Cooking / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014930:Women; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D002606:Charcoal