title: Diagnostic utility of CD117, CD133, SALL4, OCT4, TCL1 and glypican-3 in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary ovarian malignant germ cell tumors (OMGCTs) are rare and difficult to diagnose. Immunohistochemistry can help in the diagnosis and development of new management strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of CD117, CD133, SALL4, OCT4, TCL1 and glypican-3 marker expression in OMGCTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of six markers in 87 (85 pure and two mixed OMGCTs) cases of OMGCT using immunohistochemical staining. Staining was graded in a semiquantitative manner as follows: negative (no staining), 1+ (1-30% staining), 2+ (31-60% staining), or 3+ (>60% staining).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 27 dysgerminomas and all 31 YSTs showed CD117 expression, with only nine (29%) positively stained in immature teratomas. SALL4 and glypican-3 were strongly positive in 100 and 79.3%, respectively, of YSTs. All dysgerminomas were positive for OCT4, whereas all YSTs and immature teratomas were negative. 100% of dysgerminomas were positive for TCL1, but all immature teratomas were negative. CD133 expression showed generally the same tendency in the 3 OMGCTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD117 can be used as a diagnostic marker for dysgerminoma and YST. SALL4 is a more sensitive and specific marker for YSTs than glypican-3. SALL4 and OCT4 are useful in distinguishing YST from dysgerminoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Dat Tien
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Kiyosumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirosawa
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umezu
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053673:Glypicans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C105937:GPC3 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053673:Glypicans; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C472575:SALL4 protein, human; C090851:TCL1A protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit