title: Predictors of mortality over 8 years in type 2 diabetic patients: Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine demographic, socioeconomic, and biological risk factors for all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes over 8 years and to construct mortality prediction equations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Beginning in 2000, survey and medical record information was obtained from 8,334 participants in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a multicenter prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. The National Death Index was searched annually to obtain data on deaths over an 8-year follow-up period (2000-2007). Predictors examined included age, sex, race, education, income, smoking, age at diagnosis of diabetes, duration and treatment of diabetes, BMI, complications, comorbidities, and medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1,616 (19%) deaths over the 8-year period. In the most parsimonious equation, the predictors of all-cause mortality included older age, male sex, white race, lower income, smoking, insulin treatment, nephropathy, history of dyslipidemia, higher LDL cholesterol, angina/myocardial infarction/other coronary disease/coronary angioplasty/bypass, congestive heart failure, aspirin, β-blocker, and diuretic use, and higher Charlson Index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk of death can be predicted in people with type 2 diabetes using simple demographic, socioeconomic, and biological risk factors with fair reliability. Such prediction equations are essential for computer simulation models of diabetes progression and may, with further validation, be useful for patient management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. lmattei@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Laura N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karter
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Waitzfelder
authors.forename: Jesse C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Crosson
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Marrero
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mangione
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human