title: Generation of high-order Hermite-Gaussian modes in end-pumped solid-state lasers for square vortex array laser beam generation.
abstract: This study reports the first systematic approach to the excitation of all high-order Hermite-Gaussian modes (HGMs) in end-pumped solid-state lasers. This study uses a metal-wire-inserted laser resonator accompanied with the "off axis pumping" approach. This study presents numerical analysis of the excitation of HGMs in end-pumped solid-state lasers and experimentally generated HGM patterns. This study also experimentally demonstrates the generation of an square vortex array laser beams by passing specific high-order HGMs (HGn,n + 1 or HGn + 1,n modes) through a Dove prism-embedded unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer [Optics Express 16, 19934-19949]. The resulting square vortex array laser beams with embedded vortexes aligned in a square array can be applied to multi-spot dark optical traps in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University,1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan. SCChu@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Shu-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Yun-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ko-Fan
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Kenju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuka
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State