title: Observer agreement comparing the use of virtual slides with glass slides in the pathology review component of the POSH breast cancer cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To compare the use of scanned virtual slide images (virtual microscopy) with glass slides (conventional microscopy) in the assessment of morphological characteristics of breast cancers within the setting of the Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH), involving a cohort of women under 40 years of age, presenting with breast cancer. (2) To assess the acceptability to histopathologists of the use of virtual slide images.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 histopathologists from the UK and Australia participated in the POSH pathology review. The observers were asked to assess multiple morphological features such as tumour grade and type. Comparisons were made for a single observer using both virtual images and glass slides. Intra- and inter-observer variability was calculated using the κ statistic and a comparison was made between the use of each image modality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic performance with virtual slides was comparable to conventional microscopic assessment, with the measurement of agreement best for vascular invasion, necrosis and the presence of a central scar (κ=0.37-0.78), and poor for more subjective parameters such as pleomorphism, stroma, the nature of the tumour border and the degree of lymphocytic infiltrate (κ=0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Virtual slides represent an acceptable methodology for central review of breast cancer histopathology and can circumvent the need for either travel to view material, or the potential problems of sending it by post.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK. ecshaw@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Emily Clare
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hanby
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Abeer M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poller
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Treanor
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fulford
authors.forename: Rosemary A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Sunil R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lakhani
authors.forename: Clive A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Theaker
authors.forename: Ian O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: J Louise
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Eccles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000175:diagnosis; D015588:Observer Variation; D010340:Pathology, Surgical / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012984:Software; D019113:Telepathology / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom