title: Effect of rosuvastatin monotherapy and in combination with fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids on serum vitamin D levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low levels of 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)VitD] have been recognized as a new cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Statins seem to increase 25(OH)VitD concentration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether combined treatment with the usual dose of rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids would increase 25(OH)VitD levels compared with the high-dose rosuvastatin monotherapy in participants with mixed dislipidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly allocated 60 patients with mixed dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: >160 mg/dL plus triglycerides: >200 mg/dL) to receive rosuvastatin 40 mg (n = 22), rosuvastatin 10 mg plus fenofibrate 200 mg (n = 21), or rosuvastatin 10 mg plus omega-3 fatty acids 2 g (n = 17) daily for 3 months. Our primary end point was changes in the levels of serum 25(OH)VitD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rosuvastatin monotherapy was associated with a 53% increase in 25(OH)VitD (from 14.6 [1.0-38.0] to 17.8 [5.3-49.6] ng/mL; P = .000). Rosuvastatin plus micronized fenofibrate and rosuvastatin plus omega-3 fatty acids were associated with increases of 64% (from 14.1 [1.0-48.0] to 18.4 [6.7-52.4] ng/mL, P = .001) and 61% (from 10.4 [6.6-38.4] to 14.0 [9.6-37.6] ng/mL, P = .04), respectively. The changes in 25(OH)VitD after treatment were comparable in the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose rosuvastatin monotherapy and the usual dose of rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids are associated with significant and similar increases in the 25(OH)VitD levels. This increase may be relevant in terms of CVD risk prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Stefania E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Makariou
authors.forename: Evangelos N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Liberopoulos
authors.forename: Aris P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Agouridis
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Challa
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elisaf
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D002112:Calcifediol; D011345:Fenofibrate