title: Poxvirus host cell entry.
abstract: Poxviruses are characterized by their large size, complex composition, and cytoplasmic life cycle. They produce two types of infectious particles: mature virions (MVs) and extracellular virions (EVs). Both MVs and EVs of vaccinia virus, the model poxvirus, take advantage of host cell endocytosis for internalization: they activate macropinocytosis-the most suitable form of endocytosis for large particles. Although largely dependent on the same cellular machinery, MV and EV entry differs with regard to the mechanisms used to trigger macropinocytosis and to undergo fusion. While EVs have to shed an additional membrane to expose the fusion complex, MV fusion requires the inactivation of fusion inhibitory proteins absent in EVs. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of poxvirus MV and EV cell entry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstr. 18, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Florian Ingo
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Christopher Karl Ernst
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Bleck
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins