title: Effects of solvents and surfactants against Haemaphysalis bispinosa.
abstract: As per the report published by FAO (2004), the tick population in India has developed   resistance against all the available acaricides. Hence, newer methods of control including   potential herbal agents are required to reduce the problems caused by the ticks. Most of the   herbal extracts or their fractions are dissolved in polar or non-polar solvents or detergents   before tested for acaricidal activity and these diluents should be of little acaricidal activity.   In the present study, adult immersion test (AIT) was carried out on adult engorged female   Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks to detect the acaricidal activity of different solvents viz., nbutanol,   glycerol, acetone, ethanol, methanol and surfactants (at 1 per cent dilution) like dimethyl   sulphoxide (DMSO), tween 20 and triton X- 100. The study revealed that methanol   was the least toxic solvent while tween 20 (1 per cent) was the least toxic detergent against   H. bispinosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookot, Wayanad, Kerala 673 576, India. drreghuravi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juliet
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Ajith Kumar
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sunil
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Amithamol
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chandrasekhar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sujith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandyapadhyay
authors.forename: A K S
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D005260:Female; D007194:India; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents