title: Effects of a randomized maintenance intervention on adiposity and metabolic risk factors in overweight minority adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a maintenance programme (monthly newsletters vs. monthly group classes and telephone behavioural sessions) on obesity and metabolic disease risk at 1 year in overweight minority adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 4-month nutrition and strength training intervention, 53 overweight Latino and African-American adolescents (15.4 ± 1.1 years) were randomized into one of two maintenance groups for 8 months: monthly newsletters (n = 23) or group classes (n = 30; monthly classes + individualized behavioural telephone sessions). The following outcomes were measured at months 4 (immediately following the intense intervention) and 12: height, weight, blood pressure, body composition via BodPod™ (Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, CA, USA), lipids and glucose/insulin indices via frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant group by time interactions for any of the health outcomes. There were significant time effects in several outcomes for both groups from months 4 to 12: bench press and leg press decreased by 5% and 14%, respectively (P = 0.004 & P = 0.01), fasting insulin and acute insulin response decreased by 26% and 16%, respectively (P < 0.001 & P = 0.046); while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity improved by 5% and 14% (P = 0.042 & P = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newsletters as opposed to group classes may suffice as follow-up maintenance programmes to decrease type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk in overweight minority adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9008, USA. jaimieda@usc.edu
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Munevar
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hasson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Byrd-Williams
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Vanni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spruijt-Metz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weigensberg
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000193:education*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D050177:Overweight / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss