title: Examining barriers to care: provider and client perspectives on the stigmatization of HIV-positive Asian Americans with and without viral hepatitis co-infection.
abstract: Between 1999 and 2003, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the US experienced more rapid growth in the number of AIDS cases than any other racial or ethnic group. In addition, the prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection is estimated to be significantly higher among APIs in the US than in other racial/ethnic groups. High rates of HIV and hepatitis B or C (HBV and/or HCV) co-infection, in concert with language and cultural barriers, create significant challenges to effective coordination of treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers to care and treatment in APIs with HIV with and without hepatitis co-infection. Specifically, we analyze results from semi-structured interviews with health care providers (N=23) and Asian Americans who are HIV and hepatitis (HBV and/or HCV) co-infected (N =17) in order to clarify how stigma in particular may impede/limit access to coordinated health care provision. Providers and clients recognize the need for integrated, culturally and linguistically appropriate access to care while simultaneously acknowledging that stigma is a severe barrier to access to care. This article sheds light on the complexities of the stigma experienced by HIV and hepatitis co-infected Asian Americans and suggests a need for further research and renewed efforts by caregivers to reduce stigma in these communities.
authors.affiliation: Global Studies Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA. lruss@illinois.edu
authors.forename: Laura W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Russ
authors.forename: Ana-Claire L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Lois M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magalong
authors.forename: Jury
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Candelario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian; D060085:Coinfection; D032882:Comprehension; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D015995:Prevalence; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult