title: Immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G seronegative Q fever: a hypothesis for veterans? Medically unexplained chronic multi-symptom illnesses.
abstract: We present Q fever as a credible hypothesis for Gulf War Veterans? Illnesses (GWVIs) and as a possible etiology for prevalent symptomologies affecting currently serving servicemembers. Q fever is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, which is endemic throughout the Middle East. Q fever may manifest in many forms of widely varying and often inconstant symptoms. Due to false-negative interpretations in current and past diagnostic testing, Q fever has not received appropriate consideration as a possible causative agent for medically unexplained veterans? illnesses. Review of current literature invites us to consider that a form of Q fever involving an incomplete immune response is a potential cause of these debilitating illnesses. We hypothesize C. burnetii infection coincidental to exposures suppressing antibody-specific immune response results in infection mediated by immunoglobulin D (IgD). Literature indicates that successful treatment for this form of Q fever requires the concurrent administration of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chagaris
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ami L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016997:Coxiella burnetii; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011778:Q Fever; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M