title: Customization of Aspergillus niger morphology through addition of talc micro particles.
abstract: The filamentous fungus A. niger is a widely used strain in a broad range of industrial processes from food to pharmaceutical industry. One of the most intriguing and often uncontrollable characteristics of this filamentous organism is its complex morphology. It ranges from dense spherical pellets to viscous mycelia. Various process parameters and ingredients are known to influence fungal morphology. Since optimal productivity correlates strongly with a specific morphological form, the fungal morphology often represents the bottleneck of productivity in industrial production. A straight forward and elegant approach to precisely control morphological shape is the addition of inorganic insoluble micro particles (like hydrous magnesium silicate, aluminum oxide or titanium silicate oxide) to the culture medium contributing to increased enzyme production. Since there is an obvious correlation between micro particle dependent morphology and enzyme production it is desirable to mathematically link productivity and morphological appearance. Therefore a quantitative precise and holistic morphological description is targeted. Thus, we present a method to generate and characterize micro particle dependent morphological structures and to correlate fungal morphology with productivity which possibly contributes to a better understanding of the morphogenesis of filamentous microorganisms. The recombinant strain A. niger SKAn1015 is cultivated for 72 h in a 3 L stirred tank bioreactor. By addition of talc micro particles in concentrations of 1 g/L, 3 g/L and 10 g/L prior to inoculation a variety of morphological structures is reproducibly generated. Sterile samples are taken after 24, 48 and 72 hours for determination of growth progress and activity of the produced enzyme. The formed product is the high-value enzyme β-fructofuranosidase, an important biocatalyst for neo-sugar formation in food or pharmaceutical industry, which catalyzes among others the reaction of sucrose to glucose. Therefore, the quantification of glucose after adding sucrose implies the amount of produced β-fructofuranosidase. Glucose quantification is made by a GOD/POD-Assay, which is modified for high-throughput analysis in 96-well micro titer plates. Fungal morphology after 72 hours is examined by microscope and characterized by digital image analysis. In doing so, particle shape factors for fungal macro morphology like Feret's diameter, projected area, perimeter, circularity, aspect ratio, roundness und solidity are calculated with the open source image processing program ImageJ. Relevant parameters are combined to a dimensionless Morphology number (Mn), which enables a comprehensive characterization of fungal morphology. The close correlation of the Morphology number and productivity are highlighted by mathematical regression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wucherpfennig
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lakowitz
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Driouch
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krull
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittmann
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019149:Bioreactors; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D013627:Talc / Q000737:chemistry*; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013627:Talc; D013395:Sucrose; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase; D005947:Glucose