title: Combined effect of three insect growth regulators on the digestive enzymatic profiles of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).
abstract: Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are insecticides that mimic insect produced hormones by regulatingdevelopmental process. Theyhave little or no mammalian toxicity, and are considered reduced-risk insecticides that are often exempt from tolerance requirements of regulatory agencies. IGRs, especially, chlorfluazuron, hydroprene and hexaflumuron (benzoylphenylurea) are currently studied because of possibility of using in stored products protection. Many of IGRs compounds usedin insect pests control are known to affect digestive enzymes. Chlorfluazuron, hydroprene and hexaflumuronwere tested topically at doses of 0.25%, 0.5%&1% for chlorfluazuron and hydroprene and 0.5, 1 & 2 microg/ml of hexaflumuron to investigate its effects on the activities of the digestive enzymes protease, amylase and lipase in Callosobruchusmaculatus larvae, which were affected by IGRs individually and in combination. When combined, the effect was more sever at low concentration. There were statistically significant differences (P < or = 0.05) in enzyme activities in combined and individual treatments. Combination three IGRs caused a two-fold decrease in enzyme activity even at reduced concentration. Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity. A synergistic effect of IGRs was found by combination of low doses. These effects are most pronounced in early instars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. najat.khatter4@gmail.com
authors.forename: Najat Aly
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khatter
authors.forename: Faten Farid
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Abuldahb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones