title: NAD(+)/NADH and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to exercise.
abstract: The pyridine nucleotides, NAD(+) and NADH, are coenzymes that provide oxidoreductive power for the generation of ATP by mitochondria. In skeletal muscle, exercise perturbs the levels of NAD(+), NADH, and consequently, the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, and initial research in this area focused on the contribution of redox control to ATP production. More recently, numerous signaling pathways that are sensitive to perturbations in NAD(+)(H) have come to the fore, as has an appreciation for the potential importance of compartmentation of NAD(+)(H) metabolism and its subsequent effects on various signaling pathways. These pathways, which include the sirtuin (SIRT) proteins SIRT1 and SIRT3, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins PARP1 and PARP2, and COOH-terminal binding protein (CtBP), are of particular interest because they potentially link changes in cellular redox state to both immediate, metabolic-related changes and transcriptional adaptations to exercise. In this review, we discuss what is known, and not known, about the contribution of NAD(+)(H) metabolism and these aforementioned proteins to mitochondrial adaptations to acute and chronic endurance exercise.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schenk
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009243:NAD