title: Wegener's granulomatosis with pulmonary fungal infection: a case report and brief review.
abstract: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is an autoimmune, necrotizing granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology that affects small and medium blood vessels, and is usually recurrent. Infection is the most frequent cause of death in patients with WG. A case of WG with pulmonary fungal infection  in a 50-year-old man is reported. The patient was hospitalized following a 2-month history of haemoptysis and a 1-month history of intermittent fever. Examination and pathology results confirmed a diagnosis of WG with associated pulmonary fungal infection. The patient's condition was complicated  by a septic pneumothorax and sinus formation after lung biopsy, and preexisting diabetes and hypertension, which worsened rapidly due to his critical condition. He was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide therapy with the goal of controlling these complications, and had no recurrence  within the 4-year follow-up period. This case demonstrated the utility of combined glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide therapy for the treatment of infection in WG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D003371:Cough / Q000150:complications; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000473:pathology; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed