title: Novel insights into the relationship between glomerular pathology and progressive kidney disease.
abstract: Both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage are important factors in the pathophysiology and progression of nephropathy. Glomerular injury is associated with tubulointerstitial inflammation, and many studies show that tubulointerstitial changes correlate well with progressive renal functional decline. Strong evidence supports the concept that once established, proteinuric glomerular injury can cause tubular injury. This review briefly summarizes the pathophysiological consequences of glomerular damage that are responsible for tubulointerstitial injury. It further focuses on tubule-derived renal injury biomarkers that may be used to monitor the progression of kidney disease. This monitoring is predicted to become increasingly useful as novel therapeutic interventions preventing progressive renal damage are introduced. In particular, biomarkers of kidney dysfunction, such as urinary podocytes, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, hematopoietic growth factor-inducible neurokinin 1, or periostin, might be useful in the diagnosis or detection of early nephropathy and risk assessment of kidney disease. However, these biomarkers require further study before they are used in routine screening or in guiding patient therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand. satirapoj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bancha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Satirapoj
authors.forename: Cynthia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Nast
authors.forename: Sharon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine; D051379:Mice; D050199:Podocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D011991:Receptors, Virus
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C503042:GPNMB protein, human; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus