title: German validation of the conners adult ADHD rating scale-self-report: confirmation of factor structure in a large sample of participants with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) assess symptoms specific to adults that are frequently used and have been translated into German. The current study tests the factor structure of the CAARS in a large sample of German adults with ADHD and compares the means of the CAARS subscales with those of healthy German controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAARS were completed by 466 participants with ADHD and 851 healthy control participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish model fit with the American original. Comparisons between participants with ADHD and healthy controls and influences of gender, age, and degree of education were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis showed a very good fit with the model for the American original. Differences between ADHD participants and healthy controls on all Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Self-Report (CAARS-S) subscales were substantial and significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factor structure of the original American model was successfully replicated in this sample of adult German ADHD participants.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philipsen
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Oades
authors.forename: Swantje
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matthies
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebebrand
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueckermann
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Hamid
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colla
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sobanski
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alm
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rösler
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jans
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huss
authors.forename: Benno G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Schimmelmann
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report