title: Infantile haemangioma expresses embryonic stem cell markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The origin of infantile haemangioma (IH) remains enigmatic. A primitive mesodermal phenotype origin of IH with the ability to differentiate down erythropoietic and terminal mesenchymal lineages has recently been demonstrated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) markers in IH and to determine whether IH-derived cells have the functional capacity to form teratoma in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR were used to investigate the expression of hESC markers in IH biopsies. The ability of cells derived from proliferating IH to form teratomas in a mouse xenograft model was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hESC markers, Oct-4, STAT-3 and stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 were collectively expressed on the endothelium of proliferating IH lesions, whereas Nanog was not. Nanog was expressed by cells in the interstitium and these cells did not express Oct-4, stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 or STAT-3. Proliferating IH-derived cells were unable to form teratomas in severely compromised immunodeficient/non-obese diabetic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel expression of hESC on two different populations of cells in proliferating IH and their inability to form teratomas in vivo infer the presence of a primitive cellular origin for IH downstream from hESC.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Tinte
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itinteang
authors.forename: Swee T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Helen D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Brasch
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Anasuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vishvanath
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002648:Child; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013724:Teratoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; C066584:stage-specific embryonic antigen-4