title: Cell cycle regulation by carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes through p53-independent induction of p21 under the control of the BMP signaling pathway.
abstract: This report describes how carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) induce p53-independent p21 expression and cell cycle arrest. MWCNTs suppress BMP signaling and lead to the downregulation of Id protein production and the upregulation of p21 because p21 expression is directly controlled by Id proteins through their regulation of the E-box motifs in the p21 promoter. The overexpressed p21 protein then binds to the cyclin D/cdk4,6 complexes and inhibits the phosphorylation of Rb protein. Hypophosphorylation of Rb prevents the release of E2F factors and causes cell cycle arrest. These findings provide valuable insight into a mechanistic understanding of carbon nanotubes' effects on cellular functions.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53