title: Determination and assessment of total mercury levels in local, frozen and canned fish in Lebanon.
abstract: Fish is an important constituent of the Lebanese diet. However, very little attention in our area is given to bring awareness regarding the effect of the toxicity of mercury (Hg) mainly through fish consumption. This study aimed to report analytical data on total mercury levels in several fish species for the first time in thirty years and to also made individuals aware of the presence and danger from exposure to mercury through fish consumption. Fish samples were selected from local Lebanese markets and fisheries and included 94 samples of which were fresh, frozen, processed, and canned fish. All values were reported as microgram of mercury per gram of fish based on wet weight. The level of mercury ranged from 0.0190 to 0.5700 microg/g in fresh samples, 0.0059 to 0.0665 microg/g in frozen samples, and 0.0305 to 0.1190 microg/g in canned samples. The data clearly showed that higher levels of mercury were detected in local fresh fish as opposed to other types thus placing consumers at higher risk from mercury exposure. Moreover, the data revealed that Mallifa (yellowstripe barracuda/Sphyraena chrysotaenia), Sargous (white seabream/Diplodus sargus), Ghobbos (bogue/Boops boops), and shrimp (Penaeus sp.) were among the types containing the highest amounts of mercury. On the other hand, processed fish such as fish fillet, fish burger, small shrimp and crab are found to contain lower levels of mercury and are associated with lower exposure risks to mercury. Lebanese population should therefore, be aware to consume limited amounts of fresh local fish to minimize exposure to mercury.
authors.affiliation: University of Balamand, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Deir El-Balamand. PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon. pobeid@balamand.edu.lb
authors.forename: Pierre J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Obeid
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: El-Khoury
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aouad
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoun
authors.forename: John Hanna
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: El-Nakat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005399:Fishes; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D057141:Food, Preserved / Q000032:analysis*; D005615:Freezing; D005628:Frozen Foods / Q000032:analysis*; D007861:Lebanon; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D012306:Risk; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008628:Mercury