title: Photo-induced toxicity of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to embryos and larvae of the carpet shell clam Ruditapes decussatus.
abstract: In this work, we assessed the photo-toxicity of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to embryos and larvae of the European clam Ruditapes decussatus. The exposure of R. decussatus embryos (24 h) and larvae (96 h) to anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene resulted in reduction of normal D-veliger percentages and high larval mortality, both in darkness and under sunlight conditions. Based on the calculated EC(50) and LC(50) values, the toxicity of the forementioned PAHs was respectively enhanced 72, 35, 60 and 23 times in the embryotoxicity test and 32, 31, 12 and 61 times in the larval mortality test when exposures were performed under sunlight conditions. Simultaneous exposure to sunlight and these PAHs enhanced their toxicity in comparison to dark conditions. The clam embryos and larvae appear to be environmentally relevant life-stages in assessing the toxic and photo-toxic risk of PAHs that enter the marine environment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Aquaculture, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer BP59, route de Khniss, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie. salem.fathallah@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fathallah
authors.forename: Mohamed Néjib
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Medhioub
authors.forename: Mohamed Mejdeddine
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kraiem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical