title: Dynamically applied B1+ shimming solutions for non-contrast enhanced renal angiography at 7.0 Tesla.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to detail a strategy for performing non-contrast enhanced renal magnetic resonance angiography studies at 7.0 T. It is demonstrated that with proper B1+ management, these studies can be successfully performed at ultrahigh field within local specific absorption rate constraints. An inversion prepared gradient echo acquisition, standard for non-contrast renal magnetic resonance angiography studies, required radiofrequency pulse specific B 1+ shimming solutions to be dynamically applied to address the field dependent increases in both B(0) and B1+ inhomogeneity as well as to accommodate limitation in available power. By using more efficient B1+ shimming solutions for the inversion preparation and more homogeneous solutions for the excitation, high quality images of the renal arteries were obtained without venous and background signal artifacts while working within hardware and safety constraints. Finite difference time domain simulations confirmed in vivo measurements with respect to B1+ distributions and homogeneity for the range of shimming strategies used and allowed the calculation of peak local specific absorption rate values normalized by input power and B1+. Increasing B1+ homogeneity was accompanied by decreasing local specific absorption rate per Watt and increasing maximum local specific absorption rate per [B1+](2), which must be considered, along with body size and respiratory rate, when finalizing acquisition parameters for a given individual.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akgun
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simonson
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Kâmil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uğurbil
authors.forename: Pierre-François
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van de Moortele
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*