title: Ecosystem impacts of geoengineering: a review for developing a science plan.
abstract: Geoengineering methods are intended to reduce climate change, which is already having demonstrable effects on ecosystem structure and functioning in some regions. Two types of geoengineering activities that have been proposed are: carbon dioxide (CO(2)) removal (CDR), which removes CO(2) from the atmosphere, and solar radiation management (SRM, or sunlight reflection methods), which reflects a small percentage of sunlight back into space to offset warming from greenhouse gases (GHGs). Current research suggests that SRM or CDR might diminish the impacts of climate change on ecosystems by reducing changes in temperature and precipitation. However, sudden cessation of SRM would exacerbate the climate effects on ecosystems, and some CDR might interfere with oceanic and terrestrial ecosystem processes. The many risks and uncertainties associated with these new kinds of purposeful perturbations to the Earth system are not well understood and require cautious and comprehensive research.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0221, USA. lmrussell@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rasch
authors.forename: Georgina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schimel
authors.forename: Naomi E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Janetos
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Norby
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caldeira
authors.forename: Joonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merikanto
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Artaxo
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melillo
authors.forename: M Granger
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide