title: Genetic toxicology evaluation of essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet and its chemoprotective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage in cultured human leukocytes.
abstract: Essential oil (EO) of Alpinia zerumbet leaves, at non-toxic concentrations (50-300 μg/mL), did not induce genotoxicity in human leukocytes. However, at the highest concentration (500 μg/mL) tested caused a reduction in cell proliferation and viability, and an increase in DNA damage. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that EO (400 mg/kg) did not exert mutagenicity on peripheral blood cells and bone marrow in mice. In DPPH test, EO showed scavenging effects against DPPH radicals, and other free radicals (determination of intracellular GSH and lipid peroxidation assays). Furthermore, EO was able to reduce the intracellular levels of ROS, and prevented leukocytes DNA against oxidative damage. The ability of EO to reduce H(2)O(2) toxicity was observed only when cells were treated with EO during and after exposure to H(2)O(2). With the co- and post-treatment procedures, EO decreased the frequency of apoptotic and micronucleated leukocytes as well DNA strand breaks. However, a synergistic effect was observed in cultures exposed to 500 μg/mL EO. In conclusion, EO at concentrations up to 300 μg/mL or doses up to 400mg/kg are not mutagenic in leukocytes and in mice, but do have antioxidative and protective effects against the cytotoxicity and clastogenesis induced by H(2)O(2).
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 3157, CEP 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.forename: José R O
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Igor O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: Hemerson I F
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Cecília C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Felipe A R
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Danilo D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Francisco W A
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Cecília R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Hélio V N
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.forename: Kirley M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Canuto
authors.forename: Edilberto R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.forename: Manoel O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Moraes
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D020011:Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005978:Glutathione