title: Association between proinflammatory responses of respirable silica dust and adverse health effects among dust-exposed workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate proinflammatory responses induced by respirable silica dust samples and to analyze the role of those responses in explaining adverse health effects among dust-exposed workers in pottery factoryies and tungsten and tin mines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proinflammatory cytokines of cells were determined after being treated with silica dust samples. Adverse health effects of workers were calculated on the basis of a cohort study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence and mortality of silicosis among tungsten miners were higher than those in other workers. The incidence of interleukin-1β levels was highest in tungsten mines, which was consistent with the incidence of silicosis in tungsten miners. The higher levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6 released from macrophages might be helpful in explaining increased mortalities from lung cancer among tin miners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interleukin-1β could be a sensitive biomarker in predicting fibrogenic potential of silica dust and the risk of silicosis among dust-exposed workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Yuewei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Haijiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D002460:Cell Line; D002516:Ceramics / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004391:Dust; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008906:Mining / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012829:Silicosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014001:Tin / Q000009:adverse effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014414:Tungsten / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014001:Tin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014414:Tungsten