title: Risk of surgical glove perforation in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
abstract: Oral and maxillofacial surgery, which involves several sharp instruments and fixation materials, is consistently at a high risk for cross-contamination due to perforated gloves, but it is unclear how often such perforations occur. This study aimed to address this issue. The frequency of the perforation of surgical gloves (n=1436) in 150 oral and maxillofacial surgeries including orthognathic surgery (n=45) was assessed by the hydroinsufflation technique. Orthognathic surgery had the highest perforation rate in at least 1 glove in 1 operation (91.1%), followed by cleft lip and palate surgery (55.0%), excision of oral soft tumour (54.5%) and dental implantation (50.0%). The perforation rate in scrub nurses was 63.4%, followed by 44.4% in surgeons and first assistants, and 16.3% in second assistants. The odds ratio for the perforation rate in orthognathic surgery versus other surgeries was 16.0 (95% confidence interval: 5.3-48.0). The protection rate offered by double gloving in orthognathic surgery was 95.2%. These results suggest that, regardless of the surgical duration and blood loss in all fields of surgery, orthognathic surgery must be categorized in the highest risk group for glove perforation, following gynaecological and open lung surgery, due to the involvement of sharp objects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuroyanagi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimozato
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005932:Gloves, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D009871:Operating Room Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061646:Operative Time; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000706:statistics & numerical data