title: Vitamin E supplementation and the risk of heart failure in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress may contribute to the development of heart failure (HF); however, an increased risk of HF has been observed with antioxidant therapy in secondary prevention trials. No large clinical trials have addressed the role of antioxidant therapy in the primary prevention of HF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the effect of vitamin E and HF risk in 39 815 initially healthy women, aged at least 45 years at baseline, who were enrolled in the Women's Health Study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin E (600 IU every other day). Over a median follow-up of 10.2 years, there were 220 incident HF events. In proportional hazards models, adjusting for age and randomized aspirin and beta carotene treatment, vitamin E assignment did not significantly affect HF risk (hazards ratio [HR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.71-1.21; P=0.59). These results did not change with multivariate adjustment for other risk factors, including interim myocardial infarction. In a prespecified subgroup analysis, vitamin E was inversely related to developing HF with normal ejection fraction (≥50%) with HR 0.59 (95% CI, 0.38-0.92; P=0.02), but there was no statistically significant effect on the risk of developing systolic HF (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.84-1.89; P=0.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population of apparently healthy women, vitamin E did not affect the overall risk of HF. The possible benefit on diastolic HF requires confirmation in larger populations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000479.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. cchae@partners.org
authors.forename: Claudia U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Moorthy
authors.forename: I-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E