title: Scaphoid fracture epidemiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current available literature related to scaphoid fracture epidemiology is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of true scaphoid fractures in a defined adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a prospective database, we identified all patients who sustained a radiographically confirmed acute fracture of the scaphoid over a 1-year period. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, the Herbert fracture classification, and associated injuries were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 151 scaphoid fractures diagnosed giving an annual incidence of 29 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 25–34). The median age of males was significantly younger when compared with females (p = 0.002), with a male (n = 105) predominance seen (p 0.001). Low-energy falls from a standing height were most common (40.4%), but with males being significantly more likely to sustain their fracture after a high-energy injury (p 0.001). The most common fracture was Herbert classification B2 (n =55, 36.4%), with unstable fractures more common in younger patients (p = 0.025) following a high-energy injury (p = 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have reported the epidemiology of true scaphoid fractures, with young males at risk of sustaining a fracture. Knowledge of the true incidence of scaphoid fractures and an understanding of the demographic risk factors are essential when assessing the suspected scaphoid fracture, particularly when considering further imaging modalities.
authors.affiliation: Edinburgh OrthopaedicTrauma Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK. andrew.duckworth@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Duckworth
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Court-Brown
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McQueen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric