title: Nano-hydroxyapatite particles induce apoptosis on MC3T3-E1 cells and tissue cells in SD rats.
abstract: While the advantages of nanomaterials are being increasingly recognized, their potential toxicity is drawing more and more attention and concern. In this study, we explore the toxicity mechanism of 20-30 nm rod-shaped hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. The nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation and characterized by IR, XRD and TEM. Concentrations of 0 μg mL(-1), 10 μg mL(-1), 100 μg mL(-1), 1 mg mL(-1), and 10 mg mL(-1) were applied to the MC3T3-E1 cells for viability (MTT-test). Based on the characteristic differences of the two methods of cell death, the morphological features of the MC3T3-E1 cell line co-cultured with nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) (10 mg mL(-1)) for 24 h were also observed by TEM. Furthermore, important serum biochemical markers and histopathological examinations were used to evaluate the potential toxicological effect of n-HA on the major organs of SD rats injected intraperitoneally with n-HA (33.3 mg kg(-1) body weight). In the results, we found cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells co-cultured with n-HA. Moreover, apoptosis but not necrosis was illustrated in liver and renal tissue by using histopathology slices and serum biochemical markers. It suggests that apoptosis may be the possible mechanism of n-HA toxicity and provides a better understanding of the biocompatibility of nanomaterials applied in human bone repair.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No.37, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Liting
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Jingyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Lisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D017886:Durapatite