title: Controlled human wood smoke exposure: oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to wood smoke is associated with respiratory symptoms, whereas knowledge on systemic effects is limited. We investigated effects on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and microvascular function (MVF) after controlled wood smoke exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised, double-blinded, cross-over study 20 non-smoking atopic subjects were exposed at rest to 14, 220, or 354 μg/m3 of particles from a well-burning modern wood stove for 3 h in a climate controlled chamber with 2 week intervals. We investigated the level of oxidatively damaged DNA, inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules before and 0, 6 and 20 h after exposure. Six h after exposure we measured MVF non-invasively by digital peripheral artery tonometry following arm ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MVF score was unaltered after inhalation of clean air (1.58 ± 0.07; mean ± SEM), low (1.51 ± 0.07) or high (1.61 ± 0.09) concentrations of wood smoke particles in atopic subjects, whereas unexposed non-atopic subjects had higher score (1.91 ± 0.09). The level of oxidatively damaged DNA, mRNA of ITGAL, CCL2, TNF, IL6, IL8, HMOX1, and OGG1 and surface marker molecules ICAM1, ITGAL and L-selectin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were not affected by inhalation of wood smoke particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to wood smoke had no effect on markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell adhesion, cytokines or MVF in atopic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lykke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forchhammer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Ingunn Skogstad
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Riddervold
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bønløkke
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massling
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sigsgaard
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loft
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D020552:Comet Assay; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014934:Wood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D012906:Smoke