title: Comparison of visual acuity estimates using three different letter charts under two ambient room illuminations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visual acuity is an essential estimate to assess ability of the visual system and is used as an indicator of ocular health status.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the consistency of acuity estimates from three different clinical visual acuity charts under two levels of ambient room illumination.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved thirty Malay university students aged between 19 and 23 years old (7 males, 23 females), with their spherical refractive error ranging between plano and -7.75D, astigmatism ranging from plano to -1.75D, anisometropia less than 1.00D and with no history of ocular injury or pathology. Right eye visual acuity (recorded in logMAR unit) was measured with Snellen letter chart (Snellen), wall mounted letter chart (WM) and projected letter chart (PC) under two ambient room illuminations, room light on and room light off.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual acuity estimates showed no statistically significant difference when measured with the room light on and with the room light off (F1,372 = 0.26, P = 0.61). Post-hoc analysis with Tukey showed that visual acuity estimates were significantly different between the Snellen and PC (P = 0.009) and between Snellen and WM (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different levels of ambient room illumination had no significant effect on visual acuity estimates. However, the discrepancies in estimates of visual acuity noted in this study were purely due to the type of letter chart used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia. chenaihong@salam.uitm.edu.my
authors.forename: Ai-Hong
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fatin Nur Najwa
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Norazman
authors.forename: Noor Halilah
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Buari
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D009907:Optometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult