title: Thoughts on the nature of identity: how disorders of sex development inform clinical research about gender identity disorders.
abstract: Disorders of sex development (DSD), like gender dysphoria, are conditions with major effects on child sexuality and identity, as well as sexual orientation. Each may in some cases lead to change of gender from that assigned neonatally. These similarities-and the conditions' differences-provide a context for reviewing the articles in this issue about clinical approaches to children with gender dysphoria, in relation to assessment, intervention, and ethics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA. william-reiner@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: D Townsend
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Reiner
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D002648:Child; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046468:Sexual Development; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*