title: Effects of gaseous NH(3) and SO(2) on the concentration profiles of PCDD/F in flyash under post-combustion zone conditions.
abstract: The influence of gaseous ammonia and sulphur dioxide on the formation of 2378-substituted PCDD/F on a reference flyash from a municipal waste incinerator has been investigated using a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor. The reference flyash samples (BCR-490) was reacted under a simulated flue gas stream at temperatures of 225 and 375°C for 96h. The experiments were carried out in two series: first with simulated flue gas alone, and then with injection of NH(3) or SO(2) gas into the flue gas just before the reactor inlet. It was found that the injection of gaseous ammonia into the flue gas could decrease the concentration of both PCDD and PCDF by 34-75% from the solid phase and by 21-40% from the gas phase. Converting the results to I-TEQ values, it could reduce the total I-TEQ values of PCDD and PCDF in the sum of the flyash and exhaust flue gas by 42-75% and 24-57% respectively. The application of SO(2) led to 99% and 93% reductions in the PCDD and PCDF average congener concentrations, respectively in the solid phase. In the gas phase, the total reductions were 89% and 76% for PCDD and PCDF, respectively. Moreover, addition of SO(2) reduced the total I-TEQ value of PCDD and PCDF in the flyash and exhaust flue gas together by 60-86% and 72-82% respectively. Sulphur dioxide was more effective than ammonia in suppressing PCDD/F formation in flyash under the conditions investigated.
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Yaghoub
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hajizadeh
authors.forename: Jude A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Onwudili
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry*; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D005740:Gases; D017745:Incineration; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D060729:Coal Ash; D005740:Gases; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; C023614:dibenzofuran