title: New statistical method to analyze three-dimensional landmark configurations obtained with cone-beam CT: basic features and clinical application for rapid maxillary expansion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a statistical method of three-dimensional landmark configuration data and apply it to an orthodontic data set comparing two types of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Landmark configurations obtained from cone beam CT scans were used to represent patients in two types (please describe what were two types) of RME groups and a control group over four time points. A method using tools from persistent homology and dimensionality reduction is presented and used to identify variability between the subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis was in agreement with previous results using conventional methods, which found significant differences between treatment groups and the control, but no distinction between the types of treatment. Additionally, it was found that second molar eruption varied considerably between the subjects, and this has not been evaluated in previous analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method of analysis allows entire configurations to be considered as a whole, and does not require specific inter-landmark distances or angles to be selected. Sources of variability present themselves, without having to be individually sought after. This method is suggested as an additional tool for the analysis of landmark configuration data.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Manuel O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Lagravère
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Giseon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*