title: The influence of ACE genotype on cardiovascular fitness of moderately active young men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE gene) has been broadly studied as for cardiorespiratory fitness phenotypes, but the association of the ACE genotype to middle-distance running has been poorly investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the possible influence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) genotype (I/D) on cardiovascular fitness and middle-distance running performance of Brazilian young males. The validity of VO(2max) to predict the ACE genotype was also analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A homogeneous group of moderately active young males were evaluated in a 1,600 m running track test (V1600m; m.min(-1)) and in an incremental treadmill test for VO(2max) determination. Subsequently, the actual and the predicted [(0.177*V1600m) + 8.101] VO(2max) were compared to ACE genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VO(2max) and V1600m recorded for DD, ID and II genotypes were 45.6 (1.8); 51.9 (0.8) and 54.4 (1.0) mL.kg(-1).min(-1) and 211.2 (8.3); 249.1 (4.3) and 258.6 (5.4) m.min(-1) respectively, and were significantly lower for DD carriers (p< 0.05). The actual and predicted VO(2max) did not differ from each other despite ACE genotype, but the agreement between actual and estimated VO(2max) methods was lower for the DD genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that there is a possible association between ACE genotype, cardiovascular fitness and middle-distance running performance of moderately active young males and that the accuracy of VO(2max) prediction may also depend on the ACE genotype of the participants.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Católica de Brasília, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. jeeser@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jeeser Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Daniel Alexandre
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Boullosa
authors.forename: Emerson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pardono
authors.forename: Ricardo Moreno
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Pâmella Karoline
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Benedito Sérgio
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Denadai
authors.forename: Vinícius Carolino
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Otávio Toledo
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Nóbrega
authors.forename: Carmem Sílvia Grubert
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Herbert Gustavo
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Simões
mesh_terms: D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005080:Exercise Test; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A