title: Total Endoscopic Beating-Heart Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using A New 3D Imaging System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : Since 1999, the authors of this study have performed total endoscopic beating-heart coronary artery bypass. They have developed a new three-dimensional (3D) endoscopic imaging system and have used it successfully in three patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  : From January 2004, a new 3D endoscopic imaging system was used. This device, composed of an optical high-resolution, 3D endoscope and two liquid crystal monitors, gives bright, natural, 3D imaging and enables quick, precise manipulation. After the 15-mm port for the 3D endoscope was inserted through fourth intercostal space (ICS) in the posterior axillary line, the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was taken down endoscopically in semiskeletonized fashion, using two instrumental 5-mm ports (third and sixth anterior axillary ICS). The pericardium was then opened, and the left anterior descending artery was identified. Another 10-mm port for an endoscopic needle holder was inserted through fourth ICS in the midclavicular line. Three ports were placed in the fourth ICS in line for the anastomosis. An original suction stabilizer was inserted through the first instrumental port, and the left anterior descending artery was immobilized. A conventional end-to-side anastomosis was done with 8-0 Prolene running sutures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : The average LITA harvesting time was significantly shortened from 68 minutes with two-dimensional imaging to 36 minutes with new 3D imaging. The average anastomotic time was shortened from 34 minutes with two-dimensional imaging and 27 minutes with former 3D imaging to 17 minutes with new 3D imaging. There were no complications and no operative deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : This new 3D endoscopic imaging system facilitates quick, precise anastomosis and is a useful device for endoscopic coronary bypass surgery.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida