title: Effects of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy directed at the parotid gland on oxidative stress parameters and some trace element levels in facial nerve of rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to assess the effect of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) exposure of the parotid gland on oxidative stress and some trace element levels in the facial nerves of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups, each consisting of 6 animals. The rats in the first group served as controls. The left parotid glands of animals in the second group were treated with 1000 18-kV shock waves while anesthetized with ketamine. The animals in both groups were euthanized 72 h after the ESWL treatment, and the right facial nerve was harvested for determination of oxidant/antioxidant status and trace element levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), decreased in the facial nerves of ESWL-treated rats. The levels of iron, lead, manganese, and cobalt increased, and magnesium, cadmium, and copper levels decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESWL treatment of the parotid gland may increase lipid peroxidation and decrease antioxidant enzyme activity in adjacent tissues such as the facial nerve. It also causes a decrease or increase in many mineral levels of the facial nerve, which is an undesirable condition for normal physiological function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65100 Van, Turkey. skavak@yyu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Servet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavak
authors.forename: M Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Garca
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gecit
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Meral
authors.forename: Nurettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015494:Salivary Gland Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase