title: Removal of nitrate and ammonium ions from livestock wastewater by hybrid systems composed of zero-valent iron and adsorbents.
abstract: The feasibility of hybrid systems for simultaneous removal of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium ions (NH4+) from livestock wastewater was examined in batch experiments. As a part of efforts to remove nitrate and ammonium simultaneously, Fe0 and adsorbents including coconut-based granular activated carbon (GAC), sepiolite and filtralite were used. Various parameters such as adsorbent dosages and temperature were studied. Removal of NO3- increased with increase in temperature. Maximum NO3- removal (85.3%) was observed for the Fe0-filtralite hybrid system at 45 degrees C for a 24 h reaction time. Increase in GAC and sepiolite dosages had significant (P < 0.01) effect on the NH4+ removal efficiency, which was primarily due to the net negative surface charge of the adsorbents. The efficiency of hybrid systems for the removal of NO3- was in the order of filtralite > sepiolite > GAC, and the order of the removal of NH4+ was GAC > sepiolite > filtralite. The results of the present study suggest that the use of hybrid systems could be a promising innovative technology for achieving simultaneous removal of NO3- and NH4 from livestock wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 220-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yong-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Moonis Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Reda A I
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Abou-Shanaba
authors.forename: Yunchul
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yong Je
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hocheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Byong-Hun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D058751:Livestock; D009566:Nitrates / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007501:Iron