title: Effect of bioimpedance body composition analysis on function of implanted cardiac devices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is routinely recommended that patients with pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators (CRT-D) avoid bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)--a commonly used method to estimate body composition--because of the concern for the potential for BIA interference with pacemaker or ICD function. However, the prevalence of such interference is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assess for incidence of interference between BIA and ICD or CRT-D devices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients with heart failure and cardiac implanted electronic devices (50% ICD, 50% CRT-D) underwent BIA during real-time device interrogation to detect interference. Study patients were 90% male, with mean age 54 ± 14 years, and mean LVEF 23 ± 11%. Devices from all four leading cardiac device manufacturers were included. Device therapies were temporarily disabled to prevent inappropriate shocks. During body composition testing using BIA, no evidence of interference with ICD function was seen in any patient, including no telemetry disruption, no oversensing on any lead, and no patient symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the manufacturers' recommendation to avoid BIA in patients with ICDs, this study showed no evidence of any interference in 20 patients. Bioimpedance analysis might be safe in such patients, but further confirmatory studies are required.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ebuch@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bradfield
authors.forename: Tianne
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horwich
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001823:Body Composition; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance