title: Gene polymorphisms of 22 cytokines in Macedonian children with atopic dermatitis.
abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronically relapsing skin disease associated with abnormal cytokine production, and activation of T-helper 2 cells. The aim if this study was to determine whether cytokine gene polymorphisms might influence the development of AD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes for I-L1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1R, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TGF beta, TNF and IFNgamma were investigated by PCR and sequence specific primers in Macedonian patients with AD (67 children, age of 6 months to 5 years) and 301 normal unrelated individuals. Susceptible cytokine polymorphisms for AD for eleven genotypes (IL-4 -33/T:T  IL-4 -1098/G:G, TGFbeta cdn25C:G,   IL-4 -1098/T:T,  IL-1alpha -889/C:T, IL-2 +166/T:T, IL-1beta -511/C:T, IL-12 -1188/C:T, IL-10 -1082/A:G, IL-1beta +3962/C:T, IFNgamma +874/A:T), five diplotypes, six haplotypes, and for alleles were found. Protective cytokine polymorphisms for AD for seven cytokine genotypes (IL-4 -1098/G:T, TGFbeta cdn25/G:G, IL-4 -33/C:C, IL-1alpha -889/C:C, IFNgamma +874/A:A, IL-10 -1082/A:A,  IL-1beta -511/C:C), one cytokine diplotypes, two cytokine haplotypes, and four cytokine alleles were also found. We concluded that several cytokine polymorphisms are protective, or susceptible associated with AD in population of Macedonians.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunobiology and Human Genetics, University Ss. Kiril and Metodij, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stavric
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peova
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trajkov
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiroski
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018843:Republic of North Macedonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines