title: Two adenovirus serotype 3 outbreaks associated with febrile respiratory disease and pharyngoconjunctival fever in children under 15 years of age in Hangzhou, China, during 2011.
abstract: Adenovirus serotype 3 and 7 outbreaks have occurred periodically in northern, eastern, and southern China since 1955, but there has been no report since the adenovirus serotype 7 outbreak first occurred in Hangzhou, China, in 1991. Here we explored the epidemiology and etiology of two adenovirus serotype 3 outbreaks in Hangzhou in 2011. One acute respiratory outbreak was found in Chun'an County, where a total of 371 cases were confirmed in 5 of 23 towns from 4 to 31 May 2011. The outbreak affected 18.57% (13/70) of schools and 14.49% (90/621) of classes. The incidence was 5.18% (371/7,163). The population was distributed among individuals ages 7 to 15 years. No parents or teachers were infected. Another pharyngoconjunctival fever outbreak was discovered in the Chenjinglun Swimming Center located in the Xihu District between 1 and 15 July 2011. A total of 134 cases were confirmed in 900 amateur swimmers, with an incidence of 14.89% (134/900). The ages ranged from 4 to 9 years. The two outbreaks had no severe complications or death. The viruses in 66.67% (10/15) of throat swabs from children with acute respiratory infections and 100% (10/10) of the swabs from children with pharyngoconjunctival fever were confirmed to be adenovirus serotype 3 with 100% homology by PCR. Of these samples, 60.0% (12/20) had a classical characteristic cytopathic effect, presented as grape-like clusters at 72 h after infection in HEp-2 cells. In conclusion, the acute respiratory infection and pharyngoconjunctival fever outbreak in Hangzhou were caused by the completely homologous type 3 adenovirus in subgenus B. Moreover, these outbreaks demonstrated rapid transmission rates, possibly due to close contact and droplet transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jianqiao Town, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xin-Fen
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xu-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ren-Jie
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Apeng
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Man-Chu
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ban-Ma
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing-Cao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: She-Lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000293:Adolescent; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies