title: Associations of the lower urinary tract symptoms with the lifestyle, prostate volume, and metabolic syndrome in the elderly males.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the lifestyle, prostate volume (PV), and metabolic syndrome (MS) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the elderly males. A total of 764 men aged greater than 40 years were enrolled. Their severities of LUTS were assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire, while their MS was diagnosed according to the criteria developed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Lifestyle factors, PV, and components of MS were compared between no/mild and moderate/severe LUTS groups. In univariate analysis, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and PV significantly correlated with the severity of LUTS, but the presence or any components of MS did not. Results of multivariate analysis showed that aging, cigarette smoking, lack of regular exercise, and larger PV were independent predictors for moderate/severe LUTS. Notably, the risk factors for LUTS was influenced by the presence of MS. PV may play a role in determining the severity of LUTS for men without MS, while physical activity was the critical factor for men with MS. It was suggested that healthy lifestyle would be beneficial to lessen the severity of LUTS in the elderly males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Chih
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Chia-Chu
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yung-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wen-Jeng
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ching-Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tzyh-Chyuan
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hour
authors.forename: Chun-Nung
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chu-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shu-Pin
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*