title: Efficacy of an incident-reporting system in cellular pathology: a practical experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Incident reporting (IR) refers to systematic documentation of adverse incidents to facilitate their appropriate investigation and institution of corrective or remedial actions, and provide data to identify risk trends for recurrent problems. Minimisation of errors and reduction in process variation is recognised as an important goal of quality management and is an essential part of continuous quality improvement. Published data on the role IR plays in cellular pathology remains scanty.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the authors collected and analysed all incidents and adverse events reported in their department over a 2-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  584 incidents were reported (0.5% of all cases processed). The majority (59%) occurred in the pre-analytical phase of the laboratory process with 23% in the analytical and 18% in the post-analytical phases. Booking-in and specimen labelling-related incidents were the largest single group (56% of all incidents), prompting further root cause analysis, but no other obvious patterns or trends were identified, and most incidents were followed by corrective actions on an individual basis. Most incidents (79%) posed potential harm, as opposed to causing actual harm to the service or patients. Only 78 cases (14%) posed a major risk to patients, such as specimen loss or mix-up, whereas 27% were associated with moderate risk and 59% with minor or insignificant risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major risk incidents are relatively rare in the cellular pathology laboratory. IR should be included as an important component of a risk management strategy and clinical governance framework.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular, Pathology, Nottingham, University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. emadrakha@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Emad A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rakha
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Brinder Singh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chohan
authors.forename: Maysa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.forename: Soumadri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bakowski
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D010337:Pathology Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D010338:Pathology, Clinical / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012308:Risk Management / Q000592:standards*; D013222:State Medicine; D006113:United Kingdom