title: Elastin-derived peptides induce inflammatory responses through the activation of NF-κB in human ligamentum flavum cells.
abstract: The formation of fibrotic tissue in the ligamentum flavum (LF) is usually preceded by breakdown of elastic fibers. Elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) from breakdown of elastic fibers display a wide range of biological activities in a variety of cells, but there is minimal information regarding the involvement in the processes of LF hypertrophy. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of EDPs on cultured human LF cells and to investigate their molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Human LF cells were obtained from 18 patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery. After treatment with different concentrations of EDPs with or without specific inhibitors in culture medium, the viability and proliferation of LF cells, genes expression, and the signaling pathways were evaluated and analyzed. It was found that 50 μg/ml EDPs significantly increased cell proliferation and synthesis of prostaglandin E(2). The gene expression and protein production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, and IL-6, were also upregulated. The levels of p-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and NF-κB increased immediately following EDP treatment and sustained up to 90 min. It was also found that NF-κB inhibitor, but not ERK1/2 inhibitor, attenuated EDP-dependent induction of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression, indicating that NF-κB pathways are required for EDP-induced IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression in human LF cells. The results of this in vitro experiment suggest that EDPs do induce inflammatory responses in human LF cells and plays the key role in the development of LF hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Huei-Shiuan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Man-Ger
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jui-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004549:Elastin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D017843:Ligamentum Flavum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010455:Peptides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004549:Elastin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone