title: Vascularized bone grafts for scaphoid nonunions.
abstract: Scaphoid fractures that fail to unite are at risk of developing avascular necrosis and progressive structural collapse, thereby complicating attempts at revision surgical treatment. Vascularized bone grafts have demonstrated utility in promoting consolidation in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions complicated by avascular necrosis. Numerous pedicled and free vascularized grafts have been described with variable, but generally favorable, outcomes. Understanding the indications for different grafts is critical to the successful application of these techniques and grafts in the treatment of challenging scaphoid nonunions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000601:surgery*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005269:Femur / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation; D011884:Radius / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*