title: Long-term field test of an electrochemical method for sulfide removal from sewage.
abstract: Corrosion caused by hydrogen sulfide leads to significant costs for the rehabilitation or replacement of corroded sewer pipes. Conventional methods to prevent sewer corrosion normally involve the dosing of significant amounts of chemicals with the associated transport and storage costs as well as considerable maintenance and control requirement. Recently, a novel chemical free method for sulfide abatement based on electrochemical sulfide oxidation was shown to be highly effective for the removal of sulfide from synthetic and real sewage. Here, we report on the electrochemical removal of sulfide using Ta/Ir and Pt/Ir coated titanium electrodes under simulated sewer conditions during field trials. The results showed that sulfide can successfully be removed to levels below the normal target value at the end of a simulated rising main (i.e. <1mg/L). A coulombic efficiency for dissolved oxygen generation of ≈ 60% was obtained and was independent of the current density. Scaling of the electrode and the membrane was observed in the cathode compartment and as a result the cell potentials increased over time. The cathode potentials returned to their original potential after switching the polarity every two days, but a more frequent switching would be needed to reduce the energy requirements of the system. Accelerated lifetime experiments indicated that a lifetime of 6.0 ± 1.9 years can be expected under polarity switching conditions at a pH of 14 and significantly longer at lower pH values. As operating the system without switching simplifies construction as well as operation, the choice whether to switch or not will in practice depend on operational cost (higher/lower energy) versus capital cost (reactor and peripherals). Irrespective of the approach, our study demonstrates that electrochemical sulfide control in sewer systems may be an attractive new option.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Research Rd, Gehrmann building (bld 60) St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Ilje
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pikaar
authors.forename: Eugena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: René A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rozendal
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Korneel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rabaey
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides