title: Iontophoresis across the proximal nail fold to target drugs to the nail matrix.
abstract: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the plausibility of iontophoretic delivery of drugs to the nail matrix via proximal nail fold. The in vitro drug transport studies were performed in Franz diffusion cells across folded epidermis, which is used as a model for the proximal nail fold. The amount of drug transported into the receiver compartment following iontophoresis for 3 h at 0.5 mA/cm(2) was 150-fold higher than the control (0.008 ± 0.002 μg/cm(2)). The amount of drug present in the skin after iontophoresis (0.45 ± 0.12 μg/mg) was approximately fivefold higher as compared with that of the control (0.08 ± 0.01 μg/mg). Iontophoresis of terbinafine across the proximal nail fold was assessed using excised cadaver toe model as well. A custom-designed foam-pad-type patch system was used for iontophoresis in cadaver toes. The amount of the drug delivered into the nail matrix following iontophoresis for 3 h was significantly higher than the minimum inhibition concentration of terbinafine. However, on the contrary, passive delivery for about 24 h did not result in any detectable drug levels in the nail matrix. Iontophoresis across the proximal nail fold could be developed as a potential method to target drugs to nail matrix.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Prashanth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.forename: Srinivasa M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sammeta
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Repka
authors.forename: S Narasimha
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009262:Nails / Q000378:metabolism*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010539:Permeability; D000077291:Terbinafine
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D000077291:Terbinafine