title: The new era of the lymphatic system: no longer secondary to the blood vascular system.
abstract: The blood and lymphatic systems are the two major circulatory systems in our body. Although the blood system has been studied extensively, the lymphatic system has received much less scientific and medical attention because of its elusive morphology and mysterious pathophysiology. However, a series of landmark discoveries made in the past decade has begun to change the previous misconception of the lymphatic system to be secondary to the more essential blood vascular system. In this article, we review the current understanding of the development and pathology of the lymphatic system. We hope to convince readers that the lymphatic system is no less essential than the blood circulatory system for human health and well-being.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sunju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018192:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor