title: Pneumonitis associated with mTOR inhibitors therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: incidence, radiographic findings and correlation with clinical outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are approved for use in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and are under investigation in several other malignancies. We assessed the incidence, clinical presentation and computed tomography (CT) findings of pneumonitis associated with mTOR inhibitors in mRCC. Correlation between radiological findings of pneumonitis and clinical outcome was also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and serial CT scans from patients with mRCC treated with either temsirolimus or everolimus. Serial chest CT scans were reviewed in consensus, read by two independent radiologists for the presence of pneumonitis, and corresponding clinical data were reviewed for symptoms and clinical outcome. The baseline and follow up CTs were reviewed to assess outcome to therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 46 pts, 21 treated with temsirolimus and 25 with everolimus (M:F 2.5:1; median 63 years, range 31-79 years). CT evidence of pneumonitis was seen in 14/46 pts (30%), at a median of 56days on mTOR inhibitor treatment (range 31-214 days). Respiratory symptoms at the time of radiographically detected pneumonitis, were observed in 7pts. Stable disease (SD) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) was achieved in 12/14 pts (86%) who developed radiographic pneumonitis compared to 14/32 (44%) without pneumonitis (p=0.01) The mean change of tumour long axis size for target lesions by RECIST, normalised for 30 days on therapy was -2.9% in the pneumonitis group and +4.3% in the non-pneumonitis group (p=.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary data suggest that pneumonitis may be a marker of stable disease by RECIST and therefore, of therapeutic benefit. Careful patient assessment should be undertaken before the drug is discontinued.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
authors.forename: Donnette A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dabydeen
authors.forename: Jyothi P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jagannathan
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramaiya
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.forename: Fabio A B
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Schutz
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Toni K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Choueiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068338:Everolimus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C401859:temsirolimus; D000068338:Everolimus; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus