title: Impact of metabolic syndrome on the incidence of chronic kidney disease: a Chinese cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major culprit in cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Western populations. We studied the longitudinal association between MetS and incident CKD in Chinese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 4248 Chinese adults in Taiwan. The MetS was defined according to a unified criteria set by several major organizations and CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of total cholesterol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MetS among participants at baseline recruitment was 15.0% (637/4248). During a median follow-up period of 5.40 years, 208 subjects (4.9%) developed CKD. The multivariate-adjusted HR of CKD in participants with MetS compared with those without was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.73). Additionally, there was a significantly graded relationship between the number of the MetS components and risk of CKD. Further, the relation between MetS and incident CKD was more robust in subjects with BMI >27.5 kg/m(2) than in those with lower BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the presence of MetS was significantly associated with increased risk of incident CKD in a Chinese population. These findings warrant future studies to test the impact of preventing and treating MetS on the reduction of the occurrence of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chi-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Chih-Hsung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Po-Chien
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Tieh-Chi
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chyi-Huey
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: San-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Lee-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Chih-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chien-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors