title: Effects of isopropanol on collagen fibrils in new parchment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isopropanol is widely used by conservators to relax the creases and folds of parchment artefacts. At present, little is known of the possible side effects of the chemical on parchments main structural component- collagen. This study uses X-ray Diffraction to investigate the effects of a range of isopropanol concentrations on the dimensions of the nanostructure of the collagen component of new parchment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is found in this study that the packing features of the collagen molecules within the collagen fibril are altered by exposure to isopropanol. The results suggest that this chemical treatment can induce a loss of structural water from the collagen within parchment and thus a rearrangement of intermolecular bonding. This study also finds that the effects of isopropanol treatment are permanent to parchment artefacts and cannot be reversed with rehydration using deionised water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that isopropanol induces permanent changes to the packing features of collagen within parchment artefacts and has provided scientific evidence that its use to remove creases and folds on parchment artefacts will cause structural change that may contribute to long-term deterioration of parchment artefacts. This work provides valuable information that informs conservation practitioners regarding the use of isopropanol on parchment artefacts.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, UK. GonzalezLG@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lee G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: Nick J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Terrill
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wess