title: Four-wave mixing from Fe3+ spins in sapphire.
abstract: Fe(3+) ions in sapphire exhibit an electron spin resonance which interacts strongly with high-Q whispering gallery modes at microwave frequencies. We report the first observation of a third-order paramagnetic nonlinear susceptibility in such a resonator at cryogenic temperatures and the first demonstration of four-wave mixing using this parametric nonlinearity. This observation of an all-microwave nonlinearity is an enabling step towards a host of quantum measurement and control applications which utilize spins in solids.
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. creedon@physics.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Creedon
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benmessaï
authors.forename: Warwick P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tobar