title: Effect of oil-based formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control Rhipicephalus microplus ticks under laboratory conditions.
abstract: The formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control ticks have been widely studied. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oil-based formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), isolate Ma 959, and Beauveria bassiana, isolate Bb 986, on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages, comparing the efficacy between aqueous suspensions and 10, 15 and 20% mineral oil formulations. Twelve groups were formed: one aqueous control group; three mineral oil control groups, at 10, 15 or 20%; two aqueous fungal suspensions of M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana; and three formulations of M. anisopliae (s.l.) or B. bassiana containing 10, 15, and 20% mineral oil. To prepare aqueous suspensions and oily formulations, fungal isolates were cultivated on rice grains in polypropylene bags. The conidial suspensions and formulations had a concentration of 10(8)conidia/mL. Bioassays were repeated twice. After treatment, the following biological parameters of engorged females were evaluated: hatching percentage, egg production index, nutritional index, and percentage of tick control. The following parameters were evaluated in the bioassays with eggs: period of incubation, period of hatch, and hatching percentage. Mortality was evaluated in bioassays with larvae. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations were more effective than aqueous suspensions against R. microplus eggs, larvae and engorged females, however, there was no significant difference between the three oil concentrations used. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana formulated in mineral oil reached 93.69% and 21.67% efficacy, respectively, while M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana aqueous suspensions attained 18.70% and 1.72% efficacy, respectively. M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused significant effects in all biological parameters of engorged females while B. bassiana oil-based formulations modified significantly the nutritional index only. Eggs treated with M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations showed hatching rates that decreased 102.5 and 3.65 times, respectively. In the bioassay with larvae, M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused nearly 100% mortality five days after treatment, while larva treated with B. bassiana oil-based formulations reached 100% mortality at day 20 after treatment. Larva from oil-based control groups showed mortality at day 15 after treatment, which indicated a possible toxic effect of the oil for this R. microplus stage. The results showed that the fungal mineral oil formulations tested were more effective than the aqueous suspension. Oil-based formulations at 10, 15 and 20% enhanced the activity of M. anisopliae s.l. Ma 959, and B. bassiana Bb 986, isolates against R. microplus eggs, larvae, and engorged females tick. Mineral oil was effective as an adjuvant in formulations of M. anisopliae s.l., Ma 959, and B. bassiana, Bb 986, for the control of R. microplus under laboratory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Patrícia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Golo
authors.forename: Isabele C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Angelo
authors.forename: Wendell M S
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Perinotto
authors.forename: Fillipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quinelato
authors.forename: Vânia R E P
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000502:physiology; D001681:Biological Assay; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000502:physiology*; D008899:Mineral Oil; D010063:Ovum / Q000382:microbiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D008899:Mineral Oil