title: Simulated downwind coal combustion emissions for laboratory inhalation exposure atmospheres.
abstract: Exposure atmospheres for rodent inhalation toxicology studies were generated to enable the evaluation of biological responses to a simulated downwind coal combustion atmosphere. A composition representing a single test case of emissions components as they may exist tens to hundreds of miles from a coal-fired power plant was developed. The particulate matter (PM) was 99% sulfate (partially neutralized) and 1% ash. Sulfate was present in equimolar concentrations to sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Gaseous nitrogen species included nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and nitric acid (HNO₃). At the high-exposure level, the gaseous species target concentrations were 0.2 ppm SO₂, 0.6 ppm NO, 0.3 ppm NO₂, and 0.1 ppm HNO₃. The test atmosphere was produced by combining effluent from a laboratory coal combustor with sulfate generated through an evaporation-condensation generator. These atmospheres were used to conduct inhalation toxicology studies that have been previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA. jmcdonal@lrri.org
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mauderly
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielinska
authors.forename: Judith C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D003031:Coal; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D011210:Power Plants; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D008670:Metals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia