title: Childhood predictors of antipsychotic use among young people in Finland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information on who uses antipsychotic medication is limited to cross-sectional data. The objective of this study was to study the patterns of psychopathology at age 8 years and antipsychotic use between the ages of 12 and 25 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5525 subjects from the Finnish Nationwide 1981 birth cohort were linked to the National Prescription Register and the Hospital Discharge Register between 1994 and 2005. Information about parent-reported and teacher-reported conduct, hyperkinetic and emotional symptoms, and self-reported depressive symptoms was gathered at age 8 years. Information about antipsychotic use and about psychiatric disorders treated in hospitals between the ages of 12 and 25 years was register based. Diagnostic classes of hospital treatment included non-affective psychoses, affective disorders, and other psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative incidence of antipsychotic use by age 25 years was 2.8% among men (n = 69) and 2.1% among women (n = 55). In both sexes, living with other than two biological parents at age 8 years was associated with antipsychotic use, and three fourths of antipsychotic users had been treated for psychiatric disorders in a hospital. Among men, the most common hospital diagnosis was non-affective psychoses (44% of all antipsychotic users), and antipsychotic use was associated with childhood conduct problems. Among women, the most common hospital diagnosis was affective disorders (38% of all antipsychotic users), and antipsychotic use was associated with emotional problems and self-reported depressive symptoms in childhood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antipsychotic use in adolescence and young adulthood is different among men versus women both with regard to hospital diagnoses and childhood psychiatric problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. david.gyllenberg@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gyllenberg
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sourander
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helenius
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sillanmäki
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huttunen
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piha
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumpulainen
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamminen
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Almqvist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents