title: Transmission of human herpesvirus type 8 infection within families in american indigenous populations from the Brazilian Amazon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intrafamilial dynamics of endemic infection with human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in Amerindian populations is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained from 517 Amerindians and tested for HHV-8 anti-latent nuclear antigen (anti-LANA) and antilytic antibodies by immunofluorescence assays. Logistic regression and mixed logistic models were used to estimate the odds of being HHV-8 seropositive among intrafamilial pairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HHV-8 seroprevalence by either assay was 75.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.5%-79.1%), and it was age-dependent (P(trend) < .001). Familial dependence in HHV-8 seroprevalence by either assay was found between mother-offspring (odds ratio [OR], 5.44; 95% CI: 1.62-18.28) and siblings aged ≥10 years (OR 4.42, 95% CI: 1.70-11.45) or siblings in close age range (<5 years difference) (OR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.21-9.40), or in families with large (>4) number of siblings (OR, 3.20, 95% CI: 1.33-7.67). In separate analyses by serological assay, there was strong dependence in mother-offspring (OR 8.94, 95% CI: 2.94-27.23) and sibling pairs aged ≥10 years (OR, 11.91, 95% CI: 2.23-63.64) measured by LANA but not lytic antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pattern of familial dependence suggests that, in this endemic population, HHV-8 transmission mainly occurs from mother to offspring and between close siblings during early childhood, probably via saliva. The mother to offspring dependence was derived chiefly from anti-LANA antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Jaila D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Vanda A U F
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giambartolomei
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dudbridge
authors.forename: Wilton S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Shinai Arriel
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gregório
authors.forename: Pasesa Pascuala Quispe
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Torrez
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quiroga
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayaud
authors.forename: Claudio S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pannuti
authors.forename: Maria Cláudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nascimento
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044382:Population Groups; D044967:Serum / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral