title: Hierarchical genetic organization of human cortical surface area.
abstract: Surface area of the cerebral cortex is a highly heritable trait, yet little is known about genetic influences on regional cortical differentiation in humans. Using a data-driven, fuzzy clustering technique with magnetic resonance imaging data from 406 twins, we parceled cortical surface area into genetic subdivisions, creating a human brain atlas based solely on genetically informative data. Boundaries of the genetic divisions corresponded largely to meaningful structural and functional regions; however, the divisions represented previously undescribed phenotypes different from conventional (non-genetically based) parcellation systems. The genetic organization of cortical area was hierarchical, modular, and predominantly bilaterally symmetric across hemispheres. We also found that the results were consistent with human-specific regions being subdivisions of previously described, genetically based lobar regionalization patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Chi-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Wes
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Panizzon
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.forename: Lisa T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fennema-Notestine
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jak
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kremen
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dale
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005796:Genes; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics