title: Spray-dried nanofibrillar cellulose microparticles for sustained drug release.
abstract: Nanofibrillar cellulose (also referred to as cellulose nanofibers, nanocellulose, microfibrillated or nanofibrillated cellulose) has gained a lot of attention in recent years in different research areas including biomedical applications. In this study we have evaluated the applicability of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) as a material for the formation of matrix systems for sustained drug delivery. For that purpose, drug loaded NFC microparticles were produced by a spray drying method. The microparticles were characterized in terms of size and morphology, total drug loading, and physical state of the encapsulated drug. Drug release from the microparticles was assessed by dissolution tests, and suitable mathematical models were used to explain the drug releasing kinetics. The particles had spherical shapes with diameters of around 5 μm; the encapsulated drug was mainly in amorphous form. The controlled drug release was achieved. The drug releasing curves were fitted to a mathematical model describing the drug releasing kinetics from a spherical matrix. Different drugs had different release kinetics, which was a consequence of several factors, including different solubilities of the drugs in the chosen medium and different affinities of the drugs to the NFC. It can be concluded that NFC microparticles can sustain drug release by forming a tight fiber network and thus limit drug diffusion from the system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. ruzica.kolakovic@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Ruzica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolakovic
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
authors.forename: Jouni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004058:Diffusion; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D057139:Nanofibers; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D002482:Cellulose