title: Dietary protein intake is associated with favorable cardiometabolic risk factors in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that dietary protein content and type are related to cardiometabolic risk factors including body mass index, waist circumference (WC), serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum fasting glucose, and blood pressure. This population-based study was conducted on 2537 subjects aged 19 to 70 years and selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008). Dietary data were collected using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Associations between intakes of total protein as well as the animal-to-plant (A/P) protein ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models. Dietary protein intakes were 13.7% and 13.6% of energy, in men and women, respectively; the A/P protein ratio in women was significantly higher than in men (1.8 ± 1.4 vs 1.4 ± 0.9). Body mass index was associated with total protein intake in men (β = 0.14, P = .01) and A/P protein ratio in women (β = 0.075, P = .01). Waist circumference was associated with total protein intake (β = -0.048, P = .03) and A/P protein ratio (β=0.031, P = .05) in women. Serum fasting glucose was associated with both total protein intake (β=0.061 and 0.11, P < .05) and the A/P proteinratio (β = -0.078 and -0.056, P < .05) in both men and women, respectively. Serum HDL-C was associated with total protein intake (β = 0.107 and 0.07, P < .05) in both men and women, whereas diastolic blood pressure in women was associated with total protein intake (β = -0.125, P = .01). In conclusion, higher dietary protein intake was associated with enhanced HDL-C levels, WC, and diastolic BP, and a higher ratio of A/P protein intake was related with lower serum fasting glucose andWC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahrak-e-Ghods, Tehran 19395-4741, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajifaraji
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bahadoran
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarvghadi
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins