title: Telemedicine-assisted treatment of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Telemedicine provides a new approach to improve stroke care in community settings, delivering acute stroke expertise to hospitals in rural areas. Given the controversies in many aspects of the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the lack of guidelines, a prompt neurosurgical second opinion may facilitate the treatment of patients with ICH. Here, the authors' 8-year experience with the use of telemedicine in the management of ICH is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients with ICH treated through a telemedicine system in the district of Messina, Italy, between June 2003 and June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Neuroradiological and clinical data for patients were transmitted through a high-technology "hub-and-spoke" telemedicine network. Neurosurgical teleconsulting (at the hub) was available for 7 peripheral hospitals (spokes) serving about 700,000 people. The authors analyzed 1) the time between peripheral hospital admission and the specialized second opinion consultation, 2) primary and secondary transfers to the authors' neurosurgery department, and 3) the treatments (surgical or medical) of patients transferred to the hub.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The telemedicine network was used to treat more than 2800 patients, 733 with ICH. A neurosurgical consultation was provided in 38 minutes versus 160 minutes for a consultation without telemedicine. One hundred seventy-six (24%) of 733 patients were primarily transferred to the hub. Ninety-five patients (13%) underwent surgical treatment. The remaining 81 patients (11%) underwent neurointensive care. Eight (1.4%) of 557 patients treated at the spokes needed a secondary transfer for surgical treatment because of a worsening clinical condition and/or CT findings. Considering secondary and inappropriate transfers, the interpretation of data was correct in 96.5% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telemedicine allowed rapid visualization of neuroradiological and clinical data, providing neurosurgical expertise to community hospitals on demand and within minutes. It allowed the treatment of patients at peripheral hospitals and optimized resources. A small percentage of patients treated at the peripheral hospitals had secondary deterioration. Telemedicine allowed fast patient transfer when necessary and provided improved accuracy in patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Angileri
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardali
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raffa
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomasello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011859:Radiography; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D055815:Young Adult