title: Different lying positions and their effects on tissue blood flow and skin temperature in older adult patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a study to compare the effects of different lying positions on tissue blood flow and skin temperature in older adult patients. This article reports the evaluation of study design and procedures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To reduce risk of pressure ulcers, repositioning of immobile patients is a standard nursing practice; however, research into how different lying positions effect tissue microcirculation is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive comparative design.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March-October 2010, 20 inpatients, aged 65 years or older, were included in the study. Tissue blood flow and skin temperature were measured over bony prominences and in gluteus muscle in four supine and two lateral positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood flow over the bony prominence areas was most influenced in the superficial skin and especially in the 30° lateral position, where the blood flow decreased significantly in comparison with the supine positions. There were significant individual differences in blood flow responses, but no common trend was identified among the patients considered at risk for pressure ulcer development. The study procedure worked well and was feasible to perform in an inpatient population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lying positions seem to influence the tissue blood flow over the bony prominences in different ways in older adult inpatients, but further study is needed to confirm the results and to make recommendations to clinical practice. The study procedure worked well, although some minor adjustments with regard to heat accumulation will be made in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden. ulrika.kallman@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Källman
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergstrand
authors.forename: Anna-Christina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: Lars-Göran
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindgren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011187:Posture; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin