title: Minimally invasive options for salivary calculi.
abstract: The aim of this study was to review the advantages, limitations, and international interdisciplinary expert perspectives and contrasts of salivary gland endoscopy and transoral techniques in the diagnosis and management of salivary gland calculi and their adaptation in North America. The transition from transcervical approaches to strictly sialendoscopic approaches is a broad chasm and often not feasible. Sialendoscopy, sialendoscopy-assisted, intraoral, and transcervical approaches all have surgical value. Diagnostic sialendoscopy, interventional sialendoscopy, sialendoscopy-assisted, and transoral techniques have been a major step forward, not only in providing an accurate means of diagnosing and locating intraductal obstructions, but also in permitting minimally invasive surgical treatment that can successfully manage blockages precluding sialoadenectomy in most cases. A flexible methodology is required. Multiple or combined measured may prove effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Newark, Delaware, USA. robertlwitt@gmail.com
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iro
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGurk
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nahlieli
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zenk
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015494:Salivary Gland Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods