title: Optical diagnosis of laryngeal cancer using high wavenumber Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: We report the implementation of the transnasal image-guided high wavenumber (HW) Raman spectroscopy to differentiate tumor from normal laryngeal tissue at endoscopy. A rapid-acquisition Raman spectroscopy system coupled with a miniaturized fiber-optic Raman probe was utilized to realize real-time HW Raman (2800-3020 cm(-1)) measurements in the larynx. A total of 94 HW Raman spectra (22 normal sites, 72 tumor sites) were acquired from 39 patients who underwent laryngoscopic screening. Significant differences in Raman intensities of prominent Raman bands at 2845, 2880 and 2920 cm(-1) (CH(2) stretching of lipids), and 2940 cm(-1) (CH(3) stretching of proteins) were observed between normal and cancer laryngeal tissue. The diagnostic algorithms based on principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) together with the leave-one subject-out, cross-validation method on HW Raman spectra yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 90.3% (65/72) and specificity of 90.9% (20/22) for laryngeal cancer identification. This study demonstrates that HW Raman spectroscopy has the potential for the noninvasive, real-time diagnosis and detection of laryngeal cancer at the molecular level.
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
authors.forename: David Lau Pang
authors.initials: DLP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Electronic address: biehzw@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003199:Computer Systems; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D055100:Optical Fibers; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*