title: Parental psychological distress and anxiety after a successful IVF/ICSI procedure with and without preimplantation genetic screening: follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infertility treatment has an acknowledged psychological impact on women and their partners; however, information about the development of parental well-being after child birth is inconclusive. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) has been suggested to increase the efficacy of infertility treatments, but the effect it may have on parental well-being is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate parental distress and anxiety at one and two years after successful infertility treatment and to explore variables that might affect parental outcome, including PGS and child behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on the efficacy of PGS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents (n=101) that successfully underwent IVF/ICSI with or without PGS.
  
  
  METHODS
  At one and two years, parental distress and anxiety were assessed with the General Health Questionnaire 30 and State Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. At two years, child development and behaviour were assessed with the Dutch Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II and the Child Behaviour Checklist 1½-5, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGS had no effect on parental distress or anxiety. Child behaviour problems were associated with parental distress and anxiety. There was a main effect of time on parental distress, with distress levels decreasing over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no objection to PGS related to parental psychological distress and anxiety. When parental psychological problems are present after infertility treatment, the results of this study could be useful to support counselling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. f.beukers@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beukers
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Houtzager
authors.forename: M C S
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Paap
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Middelburg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadders-Algra
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kok
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000523:psychology*