title: CRP and suPAR are differently related to anthropometry and subclinical organ damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-grade inflammation is a marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) independently predict CVD. We tested the hypothesis that these biomarkers reflect different aspects of the inflammation associated with CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 2273 subjects without CVD. Log-transformed CRP and suPAR were included in general linear and logistic regression models to compare associations with measures of anthropometry and subclinical organ damage (SOD). Owing to interactions on body mass index (BMI) (P<0.0001), the population was stratified by gender and smoking concerning anthropometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both genders, independent of smoking, log-CRP was positively associated with BMI (β: 0.28 to 0.40, P<0.001) and waist circumference (WC) (β: 0.27 to 0.42, P<0.001). In contrast, in smoking women and men, log-suPAR was negatively associated with BMI and WC (β: -0.09 to -0.19, P<0.05). In non-smoking women, log-suPAR was positively associated with BMI and WC (β: 0.14 and 0.16, P<0.001), whereas no associations were found in non-smoking men. No interactions were found on SOD. Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and physical activity, log-suPAR was associated with an increased urine albumin/creatinine ratio (standardized odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) for highest vs. lower quartiles: 1.36 (1.21-1.52), whereas log-CRP was not (1.10 (0.99-1.22))), and extent of atherosclerosis (standardized proportional odds ratio (95% CI) for carotid plaques 0, 1 ≤ to ≤ 3, >3: 1.31 (1.16-1.47), whereas log-CRP was not (1.00 (0.89-1.11))).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRP is positively associated with anthropometric measures, whereas suPAR is linked to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Denmark. stiglyngbaek@gmail.com
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyngbæk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sehestedt
authors.forename: Jacob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marott
authors.forename: Tine W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linneberg
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madsbad
authors.forename: Steen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Haugaard
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eugen-Olsen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D002097:C-Reactive Protein