title: Human papillomavirus load and physical status in sinonasal inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: This study investigated prospectively the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in paranasal inverted papilloma (IP).
  
  
  
  HPV presence and viral load and physical status of HPV-16 were examined by polymerase chain reaction-based methods using fresh frozen samples obtained from 13 patients with IP (IP group), 11 with squamous cell carcinoma in the maxillary sinus (SCC group) and 39 with chronic inflammatory lesions (inflammatory group).
  
  
  
  The presence of the HPV genome was detected in 46.1%, 27.3% and 7.6% of patients in the IP, SCC and inflammatory groups, respectively. The IP group showed significantly higher HPV-positive rates than the inflammatory group. All types of HPV detected were high-risk HPV, especially HPV-16. The relative HPV-16 copy numbers varied from 2.5 to 1524.1 per 50 ng genomic DNA. The viral load was higher in the IP and SCC groups than in the inflammatory group. In the IP group, no significant relationship was found between HPV-16 viral load and clinical characteristics, or between physical status and clinical characteristics. One patient with IP and concomitant squamous cell carcinoma, however, showed high viral load and integration.
  
  
  
  HPV infection is involved in the pathogenesis of IP, and high viral load and integration of HPV have an important role in malignant lesion in association with IP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Zeyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yukashi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matayoshi
authors.forename: Asanori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiyuna
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agena
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000821:virology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral