title: Hollow iron oxide nanoparticles for application in lithium ion batteries.
abstract: Material design in terms of their morphologies other than solid nanoparticles can lead to more advanced properties. At the example of iron oxide, we explored the electrochemical properties of hollow nanoparticles with an application as a cathode and anode. Such nanoparticles contain very high concentration of cation vacancies that can be efficiently utilized for reversible Li ion intercalation without structural change. Cycling in high voltage range results in high capacity (∼132 mAh/g at 2.5 V), 99.7% Coulombic efficiency, superior rate performance (133 mAh/g at 3000 mA/g) and excellent stability (no fading at fast rate during more than 500 cycles). Cation vacancies in hollow iron oxide nanoparticles are also found to be responsible for the enhanced capacity in the conversion reactions. We monitored in situ structural transformation of hollow iron oxide nanoparticles by synchrotron X-ray absorption and diffraction techniques that provided us clear understanding of the lithium intercalation processes during electrochemical cycling.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA. bkoo@anl.gov
authors.forename: Bonil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Vitali B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Prakapenka
authors.forename: Mahalingam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Podsiadlo
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Tijana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rajh
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Shevchenko