title: [Frequency and characteristics for forceps delivery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the incidence of vaginal operative deliveries by extraction of the fetus with forceps and the degree of prematurity of newborns in which it is applied, to specify the type of forceps which is imposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 672 births, completed by extraction of the fetus with forceps in the period 1994-2008 year in University hospital "Maichin dom" Sofia. The total number of births was 47,130, of which 32,924 have become per vias naturalis. Age of birth was from 13 to 42 years. The study was done prospectively and retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of forceps extraction of the total number of births for the period is 1.43%, as seen following the trend - in the first years of the period 1994 - 1995 is more than 2% of total births, in the period 1996 to 2003 years and then fluctuated between 1 and 2%, and after 2004 has decreased below 1%. There could be noticed slight and gradual reduction in the incidence of operative vaginal delivery by forceps. The general incidence of forceps extraction compared to vaginal births was 2.04% for the entire period, at the beginning is 3.5% and then fell between 2.5 and 2% for the period 1995 to 2003 years, then in 2004 was between 1 and 2%. In 94.8% of cases forceps was applied to term fetuses and 5.2% of cases in preterm fetuses (respectively 3.78% in premature fetuses 1-st degree, 1.10 percent premature fetuses II-nd degree and 0.31% in premature fetuses III-grade). In 74.65% of the cases was outlet forceps and 25.35% was low forceps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forceps remains an irreplaceable tool for operative vaginal birth, but there is a tendency to reduce its use. In preterm fetuses forceps is the only method for vaginal operative delivery. Today only outlet and low forceps have their role in modern obstetrics, but there is a trend to reduce the incidence of the rotational forceps in comparison to increase of the use of outlet forceps.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikolov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nashar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atanasova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002031:Bulgaria; D005113:Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps; D036801:Parturition; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult