title: Poststroke depression and emotional incontinence: factors related to acute and subacute stages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the characteristics and prevalence of poststroke depression (PSD) and poststroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) and the factors related to these conditions at admission and 3 months after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 508 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke for PSD and PSEI at admission and 3 months later. PSD was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory, and PSEI was evaluated using Kim's criteria. Blood samples were collected and genotyped for the promoter region of the serotonin transporter protein (5-HTTLPR) and the number of tandem repeats within intron 2 (STin2 VNTR). Perceived social support (the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory) was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSD and PSEI were present in 13.7% and 9.4% of patients, respectively, at admission and in 17.7% and 11.7%, respectively, at 3 months after stroke. Multivariate analyses showed that PSD at admission was associated with the NIH Stroke Scale score at admission (p < 0.001), whereas PSD at 3 months was associated with the presence of microbleeds (p < 0.01) and perceived low social support (p < 0.001). In contrast, only lesion location (p = 0.022) was associated with PSEI at admission, whereas modified Rankin Scale score (p = 0.019), STin2 VNTR (p = 0.040), and low social support (p = 0.042) were related to PSEI 3 months after stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diverse factors such as neurologic dysfunction, lesion location, microbleeds, genetic traits, and social support are differently related to acute and subacute emotional disturbances. Strategies to prevent or manage these problems should consider these differences.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi-Kwon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: D-W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012701:Serotonin / Q000235:genetics; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin