title: Effects of short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on systemic and local immune status during pregnancy.
abstract: Nondigestible oligosaccharides can positively influence health via various mechanisms. During pregnancy, supplementation of nondigestible oligosaccharides has positive effects on hypertension and metabolism and may be used to ameliorate pregnancy-related metabolic disturbances. In the nonpregnant state, nondigestible oligosaccharides have been shown to induce a tolerogenic immune response mediated by T-regulatory cells. Since relatively little is known about the effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides on the immune system during pregnancy, pregnant mice were supplemented with a specific mixture of short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS; ratio 9:1). Systemic and local immune parameters were analyzed on day 18 of pregnancy. This study shows that, compared with virgin mice, scGOS/lcFOS supplementation appears to elicit a more tolerogenic immune reaction in pregnant mice and supplementation does not increase the Th1-dependent delayed type hypersensitivity response in pregnant mice as it does in virgin mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Vlies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hogenkamp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thijssen
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dingjan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knipping
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garssen
authors.forename: L M J
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Knippels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C568705:influvac; D005632:Fructose; D005690:Galactose