title: Development of a headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography method to determine organohalogen contamination in drinking water.
abstract: The formation of organohalogen compounds in waters treated by chlorination has drawn increasing scientific attention due to the potentially hazardous health effects of this class of substances. Today, chlorination is the most widely used technology for civil water disinfection. In this study, headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled with GC-electron capture detector was used to determine organohalogen compounds in drinking water sampled from aqueducts and artesian wells in Italy. Experimental parameters, such as sample volume, stirring, salting out, extraction temperature, and extraction time, were evaluated and optimized. The LODs ranged from 1 to 10 ng/L and LOQs from 5 to 50 ng/L. A linear response was confirmed by correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9443 to 0.9999. Quantifiable organohalogen residues were found in 11 water samples, with concentration up to 11.3 +/- 0.5 microg/L for the sum of all trihalomethanes and 0.66 +/- 0.03 microg/L for the sum of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. These concentrations are lower than the current regulatory limits in Italy.
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Management and Technologies, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio Boccacci
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giannetti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Testani
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Aiuto
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007558:Italy; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D060986:Water Wells
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical