title: The effect of exercise on urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase and protein levels in elite female karate athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Post exercise proteinuria and increased urinary Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels can be indicative of exercise-induced renal damage. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of one session of intensive training on renal damage markers and compare their values to those 6 hours after training.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study with pre- and post-test design, 10 elite volunteer female athletes were selected and participated in one training session (2 hours). Urine samples were collected before training, one hour after training, and 6 hours after training. Urinary protein (Pr), creatinine (Cr), and GGT values were measured through laboratory methods and then Pr/Cr and GGT/Cr ratios were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between values of protein, GGT and Creatinine in the three sampling phases (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between values for GGT/Cr and Pr/Cr ratio. There were significant differences between the mean values of Creatinine, protein and GGT within pre-exercise and 1 hour post-exercise and within 1 hour post-exercise and 6 hours post-exercise (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that a session of karate training does not result in renal damage and athletes can continue training after 6 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Physiology, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shavandi
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samiei
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saremi
authors.forename: Rahman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sheikhhoseini