title: Periodontal status and hyperlipidemia: statin users versus non-users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between serum lipids and periodontal disease has been studied predominantly in patients with chronic periodontitis with limited data available regarding periodontal status of patients with hyperlipidemia. Meanwhile, the impact of statins on the periodontal health of the population also remains largely underexplored. This study aims to assess the periodontal status among patients with hyperlipidemia and users of statins.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 94 patients with hyperlipidemia (50 receiving statins and 44 receiving non-pharmacologic therapy) and 46 control individuals who were normolipidemic underwent periodontal examination (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]). Biochemical parameters measured included serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD and GI were significantly higher in patients with hyperlipidemia who were non-statin users compared with the normolipidemic individuals (P <0.001 [PD] and P <0.05 [GI]) and the statin group (P = 0.001 [PD] and P <0.05 [GI]). Periodontal parameters between statin users and the normolipidemic group did not differ significantly. After adjusting for confounders, positive and significant correlations were observed between PD and TG, and TC and LDL, whereas CAL shared correlation with TC and LDL. GI was correlated with TG and TC. Regression analyses revealed that whereas TC was associated significantly with PD (P <0.001), LDL showed significant association with CAL (P = 0.013). TG showed significant association with GI (P = 0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that relative to the general population, patients with hyperlipidemia are more prone to periodontal disease. Also, within the limits of this study, statins have a positive impact on periodontal health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Government Dental College, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sangwan
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Harpreet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rajinder K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Satish C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Narula
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010519:Periodontium / Q000187:drug effects; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D000069059:Atorvastatin