title: Proteomic analysis of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) pollen.
abstract: This paper presents an analysis of Holm oak pollen proteome, together with an evaluation of the potentiality that a proteomic approach may have in the provenance variability assessment. Proteins were extracted from pollen of four Holm oak provenances, and they were analyzed by gel-based (1- and 2-DE in combination with MALDI-TOF/TOF) and gel-free (nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS) approaches. A comparison of 1- and 2-DE protein profiles of the four provenances revealed significant differences, both qualitative and quantitative, in abundance (18 bands and 16 spots, respectively). Multivariate statistical analysis carried out on bands and spots clearly showed distinct associations between provenances, which highlight their geographical origins. A total of 100 spots selected from the 402 spots observed on 2-DE gels were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Moreover, a complementary gel-free shotgun approach was performed by nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS. The identified proteins were classified according to biological processes, and most proteins in both approaches were related to metabolism and defense/stress processes. The nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS analysis allowed us the identification of proteins belonging to the cell wall and division, transport and translation categories. Besides providing the first reference map of Holm oak pollen, our results confirm previous studies based on morphological observations and acorn proteomic analysis. Moreover, our data support the valuable use of proteomic techniques as phylogenetic tool in plant studies.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) 14071 Córdoba, Spain. bb2vagaj@uco.es
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valero Galván
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valledor
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González Fernandez
authors.forename: Rafael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Navarro Cerrillo
authors.forename: Jesus V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Jorrín-Novo
mesh_terms: D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D029963:Quercus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D057825:Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome