title: Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids isolated from Rhus verniciflua in neuronal HT22 and microglial BV2 cell lines.
abstract: The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Anacardiaceae) were investigated with mouse hippocampal and microglial cells. Bioactivity-guided isolation yielded 10 flavonoids including fustin (1), fisetin (2), sulfuretin (3), butein (4), butin (5), eriodictyol (6), morin hydrate (7), quercetin (8), kaempferol (9) and isoliquiritigenin (10). Among the isolated flavonoids, compounds 2-5 significantly protected the murine hippocampal HT22 cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations. In addition, these flavonoids significantly maintained antioxidative defense systems preserving the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of glutathione (GSH) decreased by glutamate insult. These compounds also showed significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV2 cells. Especially, compound 4 dose-dependently suppressed the expression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These results suggest that these flavonoids possess therapeutic potentials as a multipotent agent against neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress and pathological inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Daehak-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Namki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Heejung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Ki Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Choong
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D005609:Free Radicals; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2