title: Evaluation of the potential for sexual reproduction in field populations of Cercospora beticola from USA.
abstract: Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola, is the most economically damaging foliar disease of sugarbeet worldwide. Although most C. beticola populations display characteristics reminiscent of sexual recombination, no teleomorph has been described. To assess whether populations in northern United States have characteristics consistent with sexual reproduction, 1024 isolates collected over a 3-y period were analyzed for frequency and distribution of mating type genes. After clone correction, an approximately equal distribution of mating types was found for each sampling year. Mating type frequency was also assessed in individual lesions. Lesions always consisted of isolates with a single mating type and microsatellite haplotype, but both mating types and up to five microsatellite haplotypes could be found on an individual leaf. The MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes were sequenced from 28 MAT1-1 and 28 MAT1-2 isolates, respectively. Three MAT1-1-1 nucleotide haplotypes were identified that encoded a single amino acid sequence. For MAT1-2-1, five nucleotide haplotypes were identified that encoded four protein variants. MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 gene expression analyses were conducted on plants inoculated with either or both mating types. MAT1-1-1 expression remained low, but MAT1-2-1 spiked during late stages of colonization. A segment of the MAT1-2-1 coding sequence was also found in MAT1-1 isolates. Taken together, these results suggest that C. beticola has the potential for sexual reproduction.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crops Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA. Melvin.Bolton@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Melvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Secor
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Weiland
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Keshav
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Birla
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rengifo
authors.forename: Larry G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000382:microbiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; D006239:Haplotypes; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal