title: Steroid profiles as potential biomarkers in patients with urogenital tract cancer for diagnostic investigations analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
abstract: Large discrepancy remains for the hormone-responsible cancers with regards to the conditions generating the optimal opportunity for cancerogenesis. In the research, altered steroid profiles were observed in patients with urogenital tract cancer diseases, namely bladder, kidney, prostate and testis ones. The presented steroid profiles from 154 subjects, including 77 urogenital tract cancer patient and 77 healthy controls were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method. Because the original experimental data obtained as a result of analytical experiment in order to interpret them in better way required the appropriate pre-treatment, the data were standardized by scaling and centering. In order to determine which samples form a collection for a high-capacity predictive model, Kennard-Stone's algorithm was used. A principal component analysis of preprocessed data provided better consistency of the steroid profiles with health status of subjects than PCA profiles without data preprocessing and showed a tendency to separate clusters of cancer patients from healthy subjects. The discriminant analysis was also performed and the percent of correct classification of cancer patients and control group was calculated. Finally, detailed studies examined the role of steroid profiles measured in urine, and considered as potential biomarkers related to urogenital cancer and associated renal dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Lucyna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Konieczna
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bączek
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belka
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fel
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markuszewski
authors.forename: Wiktoria
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Struck
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markuszewski
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaliszan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002138:Calibration; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013256:Steroids / Q000652:urine*; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D013256:Steroids