title: Biomarkers of exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons and methyl tert-butyl ether in petrol station workers.
abstract: This cross-sectional study was aimed at reconstructing the exposure to gasoline in 102 petrol station attendants by environmental and biological monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and biomonitoring of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Airborne BTEX were higher for manual refuelers than self-service assistants and were highly correlated with each other. Significant relationships were found between airborne BTX and the corresponding urinary solvents (U-BTX) and beween airborne B and urinary MTBE (U-MTBE). Smokers eliminated higher values of U-B, trans,trans-muconic (t,t-MA) and S-phenylmercapturic (S-PMA) acids but not U-MTBE. All these biomarkers were, however, significantly raised during the shift, independently from smoking. Linear regression confirmed that occupational exposure was a main predictor of U-MTBE, U-B and S-PMA values, both the latter confounded by smoking habits. The study supports the usefulness of biomonitoring even at low exposure levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy. depalma@med.unibs.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Palma
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manini
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mozzoni
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apostoli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000652:urine*; D001554:Benzene / Q000378:metabolism*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005742:Gasoline; D006801:Humans; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014050:Toluene / Q000652:urine*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D005742:Gasoline; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D014992:Xylenes; C043243:methyl tert-butyl ether; D014050:Toluene; D001554:Benzene; C004912:ethylbenzene