title: High-pitch dual-source computed tomography pulmonary angiography in freely breathing patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate pulmonary arterial (PA) enhancement, image noise, and artifacts related to breathing and heart motion in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six consecutive patients underwent computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in dual-source high-pitch mode (pitch 3.0, 100 kV, 180 mAs, 50 mL contrast material) without breathing commands. PA enhancement, image noise, signal to noise ratio, overall image quality, incidence of total or partial interruption of the contrast column in the PAs, and heart motion-related and breathing-related artifacts of the diaphragm and pulmonary structures were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean central and peripheral PA attenuation was 404 ± 104 and 453 ± 119 HU; mean image noise was 11 ± 2 HU; mean examination time was 0.67 ± 0.09 s; and mean dose-length product was 142 ± 31 mGy cm. There were no motion artifacts of the diaphragm or pulmonary vessels related to breathing or heart motion. There was no case of partial or total interruption of the contrast column in the PA tree. No examination was rated nondiagnostic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-pitch dual-source CTPA in freely breathing patients effectively produces images that are free of artifacts related to breathing and cardiac motion. Hence, Valsalva-related artifacts can be eliminated using this technique.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of the Goethe University, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Frankfurt, Germany. ralfwbauer@aol.com
authors.forename: Ralf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beeres
authors.forename: Julian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bodelle
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.forename: Josef Matthias
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kerl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D012119:Respiration; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C057937:iomeprol; D007479:Iopamidol