title: The controllability beliefs scale used with carers of people with intellectual disabilities: psychometric properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Beliefs about the controllability of behaviour have been consistently shown to be important in understanding the responses of carers to the challenging behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper reports the reliability and validity of the controllability beliefs scale (CBS), a 15-item measure of beliefs regarding the controllability of challenging behaviour when used with carers of people with IDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-four carers of people with IDs completed the CBS, 74 people also completed the modified attributional style questionnaire and the self-injury behavioural understanding questionnaire scale to determine concurrent and convergent validity and 34 people completed the scale twice within a 2- to 4-week period to determine test-retest reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scale has a two-factor structure and has adequate internal reliable. The scale is significantly correlated with the controllability, internality and stability items from the Modified Attributional Style Questionnaire, showed expected associations with behavioural and internal emotional understanding items from the self-injury behavioural understanding questionnaire. The scale has good test-retest reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support use of the CBS in clinical practice and research to assess carers' beliefs regarding challenging behaviour of people with IDs.
authors.affiliation: Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust, Community Learning Disabilities Service, Workington, Cumbria, UK. dave.dagnan@cumbria.nhs.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dagnan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McDonnell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D056345:Theory of Mind; D055815:Young Adult