title: In vitro antileishmanial, antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of a new ventiloquinone and five known triterpenes from Parinari excelsa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parinari excelsa Sabine (Chrysobalanaceae) is an indigenous tree from West and Eastern Africa. This tree is used in Ivory Coast as an antimalaria remedy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The in vitro antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities of the stem bark, the leaf and the major compounds from the stem bark were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The leaves and stem bark from P. excelsa were separately collected, air-dried and powdered. Two extracts (methylene chloride and methanol) were realized for both powders. Every extract was tested for its antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities. Only the stem bark crude extracts were fractionated by column chromatography and their major components were analyzed by NMR, HRESIMS and IR methods. The compounds were tested for their antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparison of the IC(50) values of the crude extracts were in this order: 3.41 (IC(50) of PeBMc) <4.10 (IC(50) of PeBMc) <4.42 (IC(50) of PeLMe) against P. falciparum and 5.19 (IC(50) of PeBMc) <12.32 (IC(50) of PeBMe) <19.33 (IC(50) of PeLMc) <32.37 (IC(50) of PeLMe) against L. donovani. The stem bark crude extracts were the most active against both parasites. Their fractionation leaded to a new ventiloquinone, five triterpenes and one chlorogenic acid. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from P. excelsa. High activities were observed with (3β)-3-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (IC(50) = 8.2 µM) and 3β-hydroxyolean-5,12-dien-28-oic acid (IC(50) = 7.7 µM) against L. donovani. With the antiplasmodial activity, the best activity was observed with 16β-hydroxylupane-1,20(29)-dien-3-one (IC(50) = 28.3 µM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated that the constituents of P. excelsa stem bark have in vitro antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities.
authors.affiliation: UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Barthélemy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Attioua
authors.forename: Dodehe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Latifou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lagnika
authors.forename: Ramiarantsoa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harisolo
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antheaume
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weniger
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Annelise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lobstein
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vonthron-Sénécheau
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D045469:Chrysobalanaceae; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes