title: An evaluation of the effectiveness of pre-ischemic hyperbaric oxygen and post-ischemic aminoguanidine in experimental cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of pre-ischemic hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and post-ischemic aminoguanidine (AG) on the infarct volume in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the Animal Experiments Ethics Committee of Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey and carried out from March 2006 to August 2006. A total of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats (200-320 g) were divided into 4 groups: control (K) group (n = 7); HBO group (n = 7); HBO + AG group (n = 7); and the  AG group (n = 7). All rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by subtemporal craniectomy, and permanent ischemia was created. A 2.8 atmospheric pressure of HBO was first applied to the HBO and HBO + AG groups for 45 minutes, and occlusion was created after 2 hours. In the HBO + AG group, intraperitoneal administration of AG hemisulfate (100 mg/kg) was started 6 hours after MCAO, and was continued twice a day for 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of infarction was found to be 22.2+/-3.1% in the control group, 16.1+/-2.7% in the HBO group, 15.2+/-1.9% in the HBO+AG group, and 14.4+/-3.3% in the AG groups. The rate of infarctions (therefore the volume of infarct) in the HBO, HBO + AG, and AG groups were found to be significantly decreased compared with the control group (p=0.002, p=0.001, and p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In permanent MCAO-induced ischemia in rats, HBO and AG were observed to have a lowering effect on the infarct volume, but no additive effect was observed. This situation can be explained by different mechanisms of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harman
authors.forename: Askin E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hasturk
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duz
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonul
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; C004479:pimagedine