title: Challenges in multi-plex and mono-plex platforms for the discovery of inflammatory profiles in neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines are involved in disease onset and pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It is likely that panels of multiple cytokines provide a good reflection of disease status and can be used as biological markers in body fluids. Different multi-plex platforms, Luminex-xMAP and Meso Scale Discovery, are able to detect multiple analytes in the same sample at the same time. In this literature based review, we offer an overview of the multi-plex platforms and compare them with the golden standard ELISA in their ability to accurately and sensitively detect cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood (serum/plasma). The detectability and levels of cytokines in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are promising but also show discrepancies between studies. The current immuno-assays lack sensitivity for detection of various cytokines that have low concentrations of cytokines in CSF and blood, and therefore technical improvements are needed. With such improvements the use of large panels of cytokines as inflammatory profiles may offer additional value in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic response in neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.malekzadeh@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beckerman
authors.forename: Bob W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: van Oosten
authors.forename: Marinus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blankenstein
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teunissen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008863:Microspheres; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators