title: Host-defense activities of cyclotides.
abstract: Cyclotides are plant mini-proteins whose natural function is thought to be to protect plants from pest or pathogens, particularly insect pests. They are approximately 30 amino acids in size and are characterized by a cyclic peptide backbone and a cystine knot arrangement of three conserved disulfide bonds. This article provides an overview of the reported pesticidal or toxic activities of cyclotides, discusses a possible common mechanism of action involving disruption of biological membranes in pest species, and describes methods that can be used to produce cyclotides for potential applications as novel pesticidal agents.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. d.craik@imb.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Craik
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D047169:Cyclotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D047168:Cystine Knot Motifs; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010575:Pesticides; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D047169:Cyclotides; D010575:Pesticides; D010940:Plant Proteins