title: Prostate: registration of digital histopathologic images to in vivo MR images acquired by using endorectal receive coil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a technique for the registration of in vivo prostate magnetic resonance (MR) images to digital histopathologic images by using image-guided specimen slicing based on strand-shaped fiducial markers relating specimen imaging to histopathologic examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the institutional review board (the University of Western Ontario Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, London, Ontario, Canada), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. This work proposed and evaluated a technique utilizing developed fiducial markers and real-time three-dimensional visualization in support of image guidance for ex vivo prostate specimen slicing parallel to the MR imaging planes prior to digitization, simplifying the registration process. Means, standard deviations, root-mean-square errors, and 95% confidence intervals are reported for all evaluated measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The slicing error was within the 2.2 mm thickness of the diagnostic-quality MR imaging sections, with a tissue block thickness standard deviation of 0.2 mm. Rigid registration provided negligible postregistration overlap of the smallest clinically important tumors (0.2 cm(3)) at histologic examination and MR imaging, whereas the tested nonrigid registration method yielded a mean target registration error of 1.1 mm and provided useful coregistration of such tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method for the registration of prostate digital histopathologic images to in vivo MR images acquired by using an endorectal receive coil was sufficiently accurate for coregistering the smallest clinically important lesions with 95% confidence.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, PO Box 5015, 100 Perth Dr, London, ON, Canada N6A 5K8. aaron.ward@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Aaron D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Cathie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crukley
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montreuil
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenster
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA