title: Mercury and cadmium concentrations in farmed bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and the suitability of using the caudal peduncle muscle tissue as a monitoring tool.
abstract: Three regions (cephalic, central, and caudal) of the dorsal and ventral muscle tissue (R1 through R6) and the caudal peduncle muscle tissue (CPMT) of 20 farmed bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) were analyzed for mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations. Region 1 (cephalic-ventral)  had significantly lower concentrations of Hg but significantly higher concentrations of Cd than did the other regions. However, average metal concentrations of all regions (R1 through R6) were only 6% lower for Hg and were not significantly different for Cd from those in the CPMT. Therefore,  the CPMT was used to monitor the concentrations of these two metals in more than 100 farmed tuna collected from July 2004 to January 2009 under the assumption that the Cd concentrations in the CPMT would be representative of the Cd concentration in the whole body and that the Hg concentrations  would be, in the worst case, overestimated by approximately 6%. The Hg and Cd concentrations in these tuna were inversely related to the condition index, i.e., the tuna in better condition had the lowest concentrations of these metals. The mean concentrations in the CPMT of all fish analyzed  were 0.31 ± 0.17 μg/g wet weight for Hg and 0.007 ± 0.006 μg/g wet weight for Cd. These concentrations were below the limits established by Mexican regulations for seafood (1.0 and 0.5 μg/g for Hg and Cd, respectively) and Japan (0.4 μg/g for Hg).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22800, México. llares@cicese.mx
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lares
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huerta-Diaz
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Marinone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdez-Márquez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005398:Fisheries; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D014413:Tuna / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D008628:Mercury