title: Aetiological factors behind adipose tissue inflammation: an unexplored research area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite extensive research into the biological mechanisms behind obesity-related inflammation, knowledge of environmental and genetic factors triggering such mechanisms is limited. In the present narrative review we present potential determinants of adipose tissue inflammation and suggest ways ahead for future research in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the literature for potential determinants of obesity with inflammation through MEDLINE by applying the MeSH headings 'obesity' and 'inflammation' in combination with specific terms for a series of environmental and genetic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerous articles reported on the association between environmental or genetic factors and respectively obesity and inflammation, whereas only a few studies assessed obesity and inflammation as a combined outcome. Among suggested determinants for obesity with inflammation were Adenovirus-36, the gut microbiota, trans-fatty acids, and the four genes FTO, MC4R, TNF-α and LEPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a limited number of factors potentially contributing to the development of obesity with inflammation, while concluding that overall the area is indeed sparsely investigated. We present ideas for future studies that can identify relevant aetiological factors. This identification is essential for targeted prevention of obesity with inflammation and the clinical consequences thereof.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bernt J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: von Scholten
authors.forename: Erik N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: Thorkild I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jess
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004777:Environment; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D054892:Metagenome; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 / Q000235:genetics; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; C470072:MC4R protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human