title: The influence of bone cement type on production of fretting wear on the femoral stem surface: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that bone cement correlates with survivorship of cemented total hip replacement. However, little research has been published to investigate the influence of bone cement type on production of fretting wear on the femoral stem.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we performed six in vitro wear simulations using the same type of femoral stem (polished Exeter V40™) and three different bone cements (Simplex P, Palacos R, and CMW 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fretting wear was consistently reproduced on the stem surface and the wear locations compared well with the results of retrieval studies. Selected 3D surface parameters were utilised to quantitatively evaluate fretting wear and no significant difference was identified in terms of fretting wear severity between these simulations. The bone cements were all badly damaged in those sites contacting the fretting wear areas on the femoral stem. Additionally, there were plenty of wear debris present on the cement surface, and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed that it was just cement particles for Simplex P bone cement, whilst it included metallic particles for Palacos R and CMW 3 bone cements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study shed some light on the influence of bone cement type on production of fretting wear on the femoral stem surface but further research is needed to gain a better understanding on this issue.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. zhanghyu@tsinghua.edu.cn
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Blunt
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barrans
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods*; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry*; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements