title: Cognitive and functional status after vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation endovascular occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical outcomes of treating vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM), we assessed our patient cohort using standardized cognitive and functional measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients with VGAM treated by a single practitioner between 2003 and 2009 was performed for this study. In addition to routine clinical assessment, all patients were evaluated for cognitive and functional impairment using validated measures including the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised, the Bicêtre outcome score, and the Barthel index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients underwent combined transarterial and transvenous embolization of their VGAM during the study period. VGAMs were classified based on angioarchitecture as either choroidal (1/5) or mural (4/5) according to the classification scheme of Lasjaunias. In total, 13 embolization procedures were performed consisting of 1 to 3 treatment stages per patient. Complete or near complete occlusion was achieved in 4 patients, while subtotal occlusion was achieved in 1 patient. During follow-up (median 62.6 mo), all patients were either unchanged or cognitively and neurologically intact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VGAM can be safely and effectively treated by staged transarterial and transvenous embolization. Using this strategy, excellent long-term cognitive and functional outcomes can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Jason A Ellis, Lauren Orr, Paul C McCormick II, Richard CE Anderson, Neil A Feldstein, Philip M Meyers, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, United States.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Paul C McCormick
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ii
authors.forename: Richard Ce
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Feldstein
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Meyers