title: PD-L1-expressing dendritic cells contribute to viral resistance during acute HSV-1 infection.
abstract: The inhibitory receptor, Programmed Death 1 (PD-1), and its ligands (PD-L1/PD-L2) are thought to play a role in immune surveillance during chronic viral infection. The contribution of the receptor/ligand pair during an acute infection is less understood. To determine the role of PD-L1 and PD-L2 during acute ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, HSV-1-infected mice administered neutralizing antibody to PD-L1 or PD-L2 were assessed for viral burden and host cellular immune responses. Virus titers were elevated in cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) of anti-PD-L1-treated mice which corresponded with a reduced number of CD80-expressing dendritic cells, PD-L1⁺ dendritic cells, and HSV-1-specific CD8⁺ T cells within the draining (mandibular) lymph node (MLN). In contrast, anti-PD-L2 treatment had no effect on viral replication or changes in the MLN population. Notably, analysis of CD11c-enriched MLN cells from anti-PD-L1-treated mice revealed impaired functional capabilities. These studies indicate PD-L1-expressing dendritic cells are important for antiviral defense during acute HSV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 415, 608 Stanton L Young Boulevard, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Katie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bryant-Hudson
authors.forename: Daniel J J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000008:administration & dosage; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003315:Cornea / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C498919:Cd274 protein, mouse; C556978:Pdcd1lg2 protein, mouse; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein