title: Simple display system of mechanical properties of cells and their dispersion.
abstract: The mechanical properties of cells are unique indicators of their states and functions. Though, it is difficult to recognize the degrees of mechanical properties, due to small size of the cell and broad distribution of the mechanical properties. Here, we developed a simple virtual reality system for presenting the mechanical properties of cells and their dispersion using a haptic device and a PC. This system simulates atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation experiments for floating cells in virtual environments. An operator can virtually position the AFM spherical probe over a round cell with the haptic handle on the PC monitor and feel the force interaction. The Young's modulus of mesenchymal stem cells and HEK293 cells in the floating state was measured by AFM. The distribution of the Young's modulus of these cells was broad, and the distribution complied with a log-normal pattern. To represent the mechanical properties together with the cell variance, we used log-normal distribution-dependent random number determined by the mode and variance values of the Young's modulus of these cells. The represented Young's modulus was determined for each touching event of the probe surface and the cell object, and the haptic device-generating force was calculated using a Hertz model corresponding to the indentation depth and the fixed Young's modulus value. Using this system, we can feel the mechanical properties and their dispersion in each cell type in real time. This system will help us not only recognize the degrees of mechanical properties of diverse cells but also share them with others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haghparast
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuba
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003201:Computers; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004867:Equipment Design; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000379:methods; D015233:Models, Statistical; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface