title: Double blind randomized clinical trial controlled by placebo with an alpha linoleic acid and prebiotic enriched cookie on risk cardiovascular factor in obese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inulin and FOS are prebiotics with potential benefit in cardiovascular risk factors. Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is the metabolic precursor of the long chain n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5n-3), this fatty acid has anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to evaluate the response of the cardiovascular risk profile in obese patients after inclusion in the diet of an ALA, FOS and inulin enriched-cookie.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 patients were randomized in both branches: group I (inulin, FOS and ALA enriched cookie) Gullon SL(®) and group II (control cookie). Previous and after 1 month of the treatment, a nutritional and biochemical study was realized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 patients finished the procotol in each group. In group I, a significantly increase in soluble fiber (2.3 ± 0.8 g/day vs 7.7 ± 0.8 g/day: p < 0.05) and ALA (0.6 ± 0.5 g/day vs 3.8 ± 0.5 g/day; p < 0.05) intakes was detected. In this group a significant decrease of total cholesterol (238.1 ± 45.3 mg/dl vs 210.5 ± 38.1 mg/dl: p < 0.05), LDL cholesterol (153.6 ± 23.2 mg/dl vs 127.1 ± 27.9 mg/dl: p < 0.05) and C reactive protein (6.6 ± 1.4 mg/dl vs 4.4+7-1.8 mg/dl: p < 0.05) was reached in males. Anthropometric parameters did not change in both groups. The increase in soluble fiber and ALA dietary intakes did not produce any gastrointestinal adverse effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of 2 grams per day of inulin, 3.1 grams per day of FOS and 3.2 grams per day of alpha linolenic (ALA) dietary intakes from an enriched-cookie, improved total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and C reactive protein levels in obese males. As far as we know, this is the first study that has evaluated the effect on risk factors of an ALA enriched cookies.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina y Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación. Hospital Río Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España. dadluis@yahoo.es
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: de Luis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Izaola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morillo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teba Torres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D056692:Prebiotics; D012307:Risk Factors; D018401:Sample Size
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D056692:Prebiotics; D019787:Linoleic Acid