title: A new experimental polytrauma model in rats: molecular characterization of the early inflammatory response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The molecular mechanisms of the immune response after polytrauma are highly complex and far from fully understood. In this paper, we characterize a new standardized polytrauma model in rats based on the early molecular inflammatory and apoptotic response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (250 g, 6-10/group) were anesthetized and exposed to chest trauma (ChT), closed head injury (CHI), or Tib/Fib fracture including a soft tissue trauma (Fx + STT) or to the following combination of injuries: (1) ChT; (2) ChT + Fx + STT; (3) ChT + CHI; (4) CHI; (5) polytrauma (PT = ChT + CHI + Fx + STT). Sham-operated rats served as negative controls. The inflammatory response was quantified at 2 hours and 4 hours after trauma by analysis of "key" inflammatory mediators, including selected cytokines and complement components, in serum and bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polytraumatized (PT) rats showed a significant systemic and intrapulmonary release of cytokines, chemokines, and complement anaphylatoxins, compared to rats with isolated injuries or selected combinations of injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new rat model appears to closely mimic the early immunological response of polytrauma observed in humans and may provide a valid basis for evaluation of the complex pathophysiology and future therapeutic immune modulatory approaches in experimental polytrauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weckbach
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perl
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heiland
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braumüller
authors.forename: Philip F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Stahel
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flierl
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ignatius
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huber-Lang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6