title: The 19S proteasome subunit Rpn7 stabilizes DNA damage foci upon genotoxic insult.
abstract: The DNA damage response (DDR) orchestrates the recruitment of repair proteins at sites of damage and arrests cell-cycle progression until completion of repair. Upon irreparable damage, DNA damage foci persist (long-lived foci) and this is believed to induce cellular senescence. The resolution of DNA damage foci has previously been shown to depend on proteasomal degradation and various proteasome subunits have been implicated in the DDR. In this study, we aimed to analyze the possible distinct roles of individual proteasome subunits in the DDR. We show that specific 19S subunits respond to DNA damage by increased protein levels and nuclear translocation. Importantly, two 19S subunits, Rpn7 and Rpn11, colocalize with DNA damage foci over their whole lifespan. Although silencing of Rpn11 does not affect foci stability and lifespan, silencing of Rpn7 promotes faster resolution of DNA damage foci following genotoxic insult. For the first time, we provide evidence that Rpn7 silencing specifically decreases the frequencies of long-lived DNA damage foci without, however, affecting the repair rate of short-lived foci. Therefore, we propose that interaction of Rpn7 with DDR foci in situ mediates the protection of DNA damage foci from premature resolution. We suggest that this interaction is involved in enabling cellular senescence following genotoxic insult.
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Avgi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsolou
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Varvara
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trachana
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chondrogianni
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saretzki
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: von Zglinicki
authors.forename: Efstathios S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gonos
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D005047:Etoposide; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D034622:RNA Interference; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D007976:Leupeptins; D005047:Etoposide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C119011:26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde