title: 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and vascular calcification in predialysis and dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of vitamin D in the process of vascular calcification is unclear in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with vascular calcification in predialysis and dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 86 predialysis and 139 dialysis patients. The simple vascular calcification score (SVCS) was evaluated by examining plain X-rays of the pelvis and hands as described previously. The carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) was assessed with a commercially available device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our population (78.2%). Vascular calcification was present in 46.2% of all patients. Higher calcification (SVCS >3) was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels in predialysis and dialysis patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis for SVCS >3 showed that 25(OH)D levels were negative independent predictors in predialysis (OR: 0.781; 95% CI: 0.623-0.908, p = 0.019) and dialysis patients (OR: 0.805; 95% CI: 0.749-0.853, p = 0.009). Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with higher CF-PWV in predialysis patients, but this inverse relationship was no longer present in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed an independent relationship between low serum 25(OH)D levels and vascular calcification in both predialysis and dialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, and Bundang CHA General Hospital, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hoe-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hyung-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D