title: Half-marathon and full-marathon runners' hydration practices and perceptions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The behaviors and beliefs of recreational runners with regard to hydration maintenance are not well elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine which beverages runners choose to drink and why, negative performance and health experiences related to dehydration, and methods used to assess hydration status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Marathon registration site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men (n = 146) and women (n = 130) (age = 38.3 ± 11.3 years) registered for the 2010 Little Rock Half-Marathon or Full Marathon.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-item questionnaire was administered to runners when they picked up their race timing chips.
  
  
  METHODS
  Runners were separated into tertiles (Low, Mod, High) based on z scores derived from training volume, expected performance, and running experience. We used a 100-mm visual analog scale with anchors of 0 (never) and 100 (always). Total sample responses and comparisons between tertile groups for questionnaire items are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The High group (58±31) reported greater consumption of sport beverages in exercise environments than the Low (42 ± 35 mm) and Mod (39 ± 32 mm) groups (P < .05) and perceived sport beverages to be superior to water in meeting hydration needs (P < .05) and improving performance during runs greater than 1 hour (P < .05). Seventy percent of runners experienced 1 or more incidents in which they believed dehydration resulted in a major performance decrement, and 45% perceived dehydration to have resulted in adverse health effects. Twenty percent of runners reported monitoring their hydration status. Urine color was the method most often reported (7%), whereas only 2% reported measuring changes in body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater attention should be paid to informing runners of valid techniques to monitor hydration status and developing an appropriate individualized hydration strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, USA. eoneal1@una.edu
authors.forename: Eric K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wingo
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Leeper
authors.forename: Yasmine H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Neggers
authors.forename: Phil A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003681:Dehydration / Q000523:psychology*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*