title: Effect of anolyte on background microflora, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes on catfish fillets.
abstract: Near-neutral electrolyzed water (anolyte), having a pH of 6.0 to 6.5 ± 0.02, oxidation reduction potential of greater than 700 mV, and a residual chlorine level of 10 to 200 ppm, was reported to have a potential use to decontaminate food surfaces. An electrolyzing cell was developed  that is capable of producing neutral electrolyzed water containing a chlorine level of greater than 700 ppm in the form of hypochlorous acid (anolyte). Anolyte with a chlorine level of 300 ppm was used to determine its effect on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes cells after  a 3-min contact. Transmission electron micrograph results showed disruption of the outer cellular membrane for both bacteria. The anolyte (300 ppm) was used as a washing solution to decontaminate catfish fillets inoculated with either Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. After a 3-min  contact time with the anolyte, there was a 1-log reduction for Salmonella, and after 8 days of refrigerated storage (4°C), this bacterial reduction was maintained. There was no reduction of L. monocytogenes on the catfish fillet surfaces. The anolyte was an effective wash  solution for Salmonella reduction on the catfish fillet surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19083-8551, USA. kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Kathleen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Rajkowski
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sommers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001433:Bacteriolysis; D002397:Catfishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology*; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine