title: Huntington's like conditions in China, A review of published Chinese cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge about HD in China is lacking in the international literature. We have therefore analyzed the Chinese literature to thoroughly explore the clinical characteristics of Huntington disease in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computer-based online search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed to review case reports concerning HD published between January 1980 and April of 2011, and the clinical characteristics were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 92 studies involving 279 patients (157 males and 122 females) were collected, 82.0% of which were from provinces of North China. Most of the cases (97.8%) had a family history of HD, and paternal inheritance (65.5%) was higher than maternal inheritance (34.5%). Onset age was 35.8 (± 11.8) years, death occurred with 45.6 (± 13.5) years after a course of 11.6 (± 5.6) years. Involuntary movements were the most frequent reported presentation (found in 52.3%, including 64.4% in the entire body, 19.8% in the upper limbs, and 13.7% in the head and face). Psychiatric symptoms at onset were reported in 16.1%, and cognitive impairment in 1.8%. With disease progression, 99.6% of patients had abnormal movements, 67.9% cognitive impairment, and 35.0% suffered psychiatric symptoms. Of the reported patients, only 22 underwent IT15 gene testing with positive results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HD is a well-reported entity in Chinese medical literature, however, only a small number of instances have been proven by molecular diagnosis. Most of the features resemble what is known in other countries. The highly predominant motor presentation, and the higher male prevalence as well as the apparent concentration in Northern China may be due to observational bias. There is therefore a need to prospectively examine cohorts of patients with appropriate comprehensive assessment tools including genetic testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37# Sichuan, P.R.China and  Prof. M.D. Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland and University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burgunder
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo