title: Agglomeration of magnetic nanoparticles.
abstract: The formation of agglomerates by salt-induced double layer compression of magnetic nanoparticles in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field was investigated experimentally as well as computationally in this study. The structures of the agglomerates were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and proved to be highly porous and composed of large spaces among the branches of a convoluted network. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the branches of such a network were observed to be oriented in no particular direction. In contrast, when the agglomeration process was allowed to occur in the presence of an external magnetic field, these branches appeared to be oriented predominantly in one direction. A modified Discrete Element Method was applied to simulate the agglomeration process of magnetic nanoparticles both in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field. The simulations show that agglomeration occurred by the formation of random clusters of nanoparticles which then joined to form a network. In the presence of anisotropic magnetic forces, these clusters were rotated to align along the direction of the magnetic field and the final network formed consisted largely of elongated branches of magnetic nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore. chelwce@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Eldin Wee Chuan
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ruili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feng