title: Analysis of Trichophyton antigen-induced contact hypersensitivity in mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trichophyton-induced superficial skin mycosis is a common infectious human disease, but the immunological mechanism against Trichophyton infection is unclear with regard to many points. Since Trichophyton cannot colonize mice, guinea pigs were used in previous experiments on Trichophyton infection. However, it is difficult to perform immunological and genetic analyses in guinea pigs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to establish a mouse Trichophytin-associated inflammation model of superficial skin mycosis in which immunological and genetic analyses can be performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We established a mouse Trichophyton-induced contact hypersensitivity model by applying Trichophytin, the Trichophyton antigen, extracted from Trichophyton mentagrophytes, to mice. Using a Th1-dominant strain, C57BL/6, and a Th2-dominant strain, BALB/c, we investigated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors of the innate immune system for fungi, TLR4, TLR2, and dectin-1, and their influences on responses of the acquired immune system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In C57BL/6 mice, expressions of IFN-γ and IL-17 A in regional lymph nodes and IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-23 in the inflammatory auricular skin were enhanced by Trichophytin challenge, suggesting that not only Th1 cells but also Th17 cells were induced. In BALB/c mice, expressions of IL-4 in regional lymph nodes, and TSLP and IL-4 in the auricular skin were enhanced by Trichophytin challenge. Interestingly, dectin-1-neutralizing antibody inhibited the promotion of IFN-γ production in C57BL/6 mice, and dectin-1-expressing immune cells had crucial actions in Trichophyton-induced IFN-γ production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that inflammatory mediators differently regulate Trichophytin-induced contact hypersensitivity on the basis of the status of host immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of R&D Center, Ikeda Mohando Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan. nakamura.t@ikedamohando.co.jp
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishibu
authors.forename: Mitsue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasoshima
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagibashi
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takatsu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001483:Base Sequence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014006:Tinea Capitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014248:Trichophytin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015847:Interleukin-4; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014248:Trichophytin; D000099181:Dectin-1; C098680:Il17a protein, mouse; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse