title: Neuroprotective effects of tongluojiunao in neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tongluojiunao (TLJN) is an herb extract that mainly contains ginsenoside Rg1 and geniposide, which are clinically used for treating ischemic damages in the brain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the stroke, cerebral ischemia followed by oxygen reperfusion induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, while extension of axons and dendrites in neurons may compensate for and repair damages of neuronal network in the hypoxia brain. In this study, we investigated whether TLJN can protect neurons against damages by ischemia in brain vasculature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons before and after the neurons were deprived of oxygen and glucose (OGD). In addition, the effects were evaluated with cell viability and neurite outgrowth before or after OGD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that TLJN could play a neuroprotective role to cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons under both normal and oxygen/glucose-deprivation (OGD) conditions. TLJN could protect both cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) from cell death under both normal and oxygen/glucose-deprivation (OGD) conditions. Moreover, under the same conditions, BMECs-conditioned media pretreated by TNJN could also promote neuron viability and neurite outgrowth, indicating that TLJN stimulated BMECs to secret some neuroprotective/neurotrophic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that TLJN has a marked neuroprotective and neurotrophic roles by either direct or indirect operation, and provide insight into the mechanism of clinical efficacy of this drug against stroke.
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 East Road, North 3rd Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin-Cai
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Peng-Tao
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rong-Qiao
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000166:cytology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C528243:tongluo jiunao; D005947:Glucose