title: Interventions provided by parents for children with intellectual disabilities in low and middle income countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries, there is a lack of well-trained therapists to provide specialist interventions for children with intellectual disabilities and their families. We sought to identify strategies deliverable by families or non-specialist workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  After searches of appropriate scientific databases, we applied GRADE methodology to rate the quality of evidence for these interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified small-scale interventions trialled in LAMI countries with limited evidence of effectiveness in supporting development, adaptive behaviour and/or community participation. In high-income countries, the Stepping Stones Triple P program for adaptive behaviour and the Portage program for child development have the most extensive evidence base and may be applicable in LAMI countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is reason to hope that, when combined with community development strategies, the welfare of children with intellectual disabilities in LAMI countries can be advanced within those countries' economic means.
authors.affiliation: Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. stewart.einfeld@sydney.edu.au
authors.forename: Stewart L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Einfeld
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stancliffe
authors.forename: Kylie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sofronoff
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yasamy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D005196:Family Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D010290:Parents; D000078329:Workforce