title: The study on Chan-meditation electrocardiogram by pattern analysis of continuous wavelet transform-coefficient map.
abstract: OBJECTIVE:                       To investigate the effect of Chan-meditation on electrocardiogram (ECG) regulated by various respiratory rhythms.                                         METHODS:                       ECG complexes were firstly transformed into continuous wavelet transform (CWT) coefficient map. Three schemes were employed in the interpretation of CWT map: the moment-invariants analysis, the correlation-coefficient analysis of eigenvector derived by singular value decomposition (SVD), and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). This study involved 17 subjects: 8 experimental subjects with Chan-meditation experience and 9 without any Chan-mediation experience as the control subjects in the same age range.                                         RESULTS:                       The results of all 3 different schemes for interpreting the CWT map coincidently demonstrated the extraordinary state of cardiorespiratory interaction behavior for the experimental subjects breathing at higher respiratory rate. According to the ANOVA analysis, the control group exhibited statistically significant difference in CWT map of ECG complex at low respiratory rates, while experimental group did not.                                         CONCLUSION:                       This might preliminarily suggest that, with slow respiration, Chan-meditation practitioners had their cardiac operation more stable than normal people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, China, pclo@faculty.nctu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Pei-Chen
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Buwono
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lembono
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hsu