title: Identification of risk factors for chronic Q fever, the Netherlands.
abstract: Since 2007, the Netherlands has experienced a large Q fever outbreak. To identify and quantify risk factors for development of chronic Q fever after Coxiella burnetii infection, we performed a case-control study. Comorbidity, cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and demographic characteristics from 105 patients with proven (n = 44), probable (n = 28), or possible (n = 33) chronic Q fever were compared with 201 patients who had acute Q fever in 2009 but in whom chronic Q fever did not develop (controls). Independent risk factors for development of proven chronic Q fever were valvular surgery, vascular prosthesis, aneurysm, renal insufficiency, and older age.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. l.m.kampschreur@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kampschreur
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Julia C J P
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hagenaars
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lestrade
authors.forename: Nicole H M
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Renders
authors.forename: Monique G L
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Jager-Leclercq
authors.forename: Mirjam H A
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: Cornelis A R
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: Rolf H H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Groenwold
authors.forename: Andy I M
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Hoepelman
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wever
authors.forename: Jan Jelrik
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Oosterheert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D019540:Area Under Curve; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D009426:Netherlands; D011778:Q Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult