title: (Lysozyme type VI)-stabilized Au8 clusters: synthesis mechanism and application for sensing of glutathione in a single drop of blood.
abstract: This paper presents a one-pot approach for preparing highly fluorescent Au(8)  clusters by reacting the Au(3+)  precursor solution with lysozyme type VI (Lys VI) at pH 3. The fluorescence band of (Lys VI)-stabilized Au(8)  clusters is centered at 455 nm on the excitation at 380 nm. Blue-emitting Au(8)  clusters have a high quantum yield (∼56%), two fluorescence lifetimes, and a rare amount of Au(+)  on the surface of the Au core. When the pH of a solution of Au(8)  clusters increases suddenly to 12, the Au(8)  clusters gradually convert to Au(25)  clusters over time. This conversion is also observed in the case of (Lys VI)-directed synthesis of Au(25)  clusters at pH 12. The pH-induced conversion of Au(8)  to Au(25)  clusters suggests that the size of (Lys VI)-stabilized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) relies on the secondary structure of Lys VI, which is susceptible to pH change. Based on these results and previous literature, this paper proposes the possible mechanism for growing (Lys VI)-stabilized Au(8)  and Au(25)  clusters. Additionally, (Lys VI)-stabilized Au(8)  clusters could sense glutathione (GSH) through GSH-induced core-etching of Au(8)  clusters; the limit of detection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for GSH is determined to be 20 nm. Except for cysteine, the selectivity of (Lys VI)-stabilized Au(8)  clusters for GSH over amino acids is remarkably high. The practicality of using Au(8)  clusters to determine the concentration of GSH in a single drop of blood is also validated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Heng
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Lung
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D009113:Muramidase; D005978:Glutathione