title: Functional capacity following univentricular repair--midterm outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have seldom compared functional capacity in children following Fontan procedure alongside those with Glenn operation as destination therapy. We hypothesized that Fontan circulation enables better midterm submaximal exercise capacity as compared to Glenn physiology and evaluated this using the 6-minute walk test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven children aged 5-18 years with Glenn (44) or Fontan (13) operations were evaluated with standard 6-minute walk protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline SpO(2) was significantly lower in Glenn patients younger than 10 years compared to Fontan counterparts and similar in the two groups in older children. Postexercise SpO(2) fell significantly in Glenn patients compared to the Fontan group. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline, postexercise, or postrecovery heart rates (HRs), or 6-minute walk distances in the two groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed lower resting HR, higher resting SpO(2) , and younger age at latest operation to be significant determinants of longer 6-minute walk distance. Multiple regression analysis also established that younger age at operation, higher resting SpO(2) , Fontan operation, lower resting HR, and lower postexercise HR were significant determinants of higher postexercise SpO(2) . Younger age at operation and exercise, lower resting HR and postexercise HR, higher resting SpO(2) and postexercise SpO(2) , and dominant ventricular morphology being left ventricular or indeterminate/mixed had significant association with better 6-minute work on multiple regression analysis. Lower resting HR had linear association with longer 6-minute walk distances in the Glenn patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to Glenn physiology, Fontan operation did not have better submaximal exercise capacity assessed by walk distance or work on multiple regression analysis. Lower resting HR, higher resting SpO(2) , and younger age at operation were factors uniformly associated with better submaximal exercise capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, RN Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, India. supratim80@gmail.com
authors.forename: Supratim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Biswajit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Amitabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen