title: Maturation of alveolar bone following implantation of an rhGDF-5/PLGA composite into 1-wall intra-bony defects in dogs: 24-week histometric observations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term (24 weeks) alveolar bone maturation following surgical application of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) in an injectable poly-lactide-co-glycolide-acid (PLGA) composite carrier using an established periodontal defect model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine, bilateral, 4 × 5 mm (width × depth), 1-wall, critical-size, intra-bony periodontal defects were surgically created at the 2nd and 4th mandibular premolar teeth in 10 Beagle dogs. The animals were randomized to receive (split-mouth design; defect sites in the same jaw quadrant getting the same treatment) rhGDF-5/PLGA high dose (188 μg/defect) versus sham-surgery control (5 animals), and rhGDF-5/PLGA low dose (37 μg/defect) versus carrier control (5 animals). The animals were euthanized for histometric analysis following a 24-week healing interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical healing was uneventful. The rhGDF-5 high dose significantly increased bone formation compared with controls in terms of bone area (p < 0.05), and a high degree of bone maturation was observed in the rhGDF-5/PLGA high dose group. Root resorption/ankylosis or other aberrant healing events were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rhGDF-5/PLGA appears to support alveolar bone healing/regeneration and the rhGDF-5/PLGA high dose uniquely increased maturation of the regenerated bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ulf M E
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Wikesjö
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Jung-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Susanne D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pippig
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bastone
authors.forename: Chang-Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chong-Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D004337:Drug Carriers; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; C525893:GDF5 protein, human; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D011091:Polyesters; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C033616:poly(lactide)