title: Expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 is altered in the nasal mucosa of patients with mild and moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules, SOCS1 and SOCS3, which act as negative regulators of cytokine signaling in various allergic diseases, in patients with mild and moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression and distribution pattern of SOCS1 and SOCS3 were analyzed in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy controls, and patients with mild and moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. IL-4, IL-13, IL-15 and IFN-γ expression was also analyzed in the nasal mucosa of each individual using RT-PCR and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in the nasal mucosa and PBMC of patients with mild and moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis compared with healthy controls. In healthy and allergic nasal mucosa, they were commonly localized to the epithelium, submucosal glands and endothelium, showing stronger staining intensity in mild and moderate/severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa than in healthy nasal mucosa. Tissue levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were increased in moderate/severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa whereas IL-15 and IFN-γ were decreased in moderate/severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in mild and moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis suggests that SOCS proteins may be important regulators in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and play a role as molecular determinants of allergic rhinitis persistence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kihyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sang Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gun Hwee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yum
authors.forename: Sang Hag
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E