title: The prevalence of Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is common and increases with the age of growing pigs in the United States.
abstract: Infection with the Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is believed to be common yet limited information is available on the epidemiology of TTSuV. The objectives of this study were to develop novel and improve existing diagnostic methods for TTSuV infection and to investigate the prevalence of TTSuV species 1 (TTSuV1) and 2 (TTSuV2) in the USA. Three hundred and four blood or fetal thoracic fluid samples were collected from pigs on 40 US farms in 12 States. Samples were collected from fetuses and in pre-suckle neonates (n=73), suckling pigs (1-20 days of age; n=27), nursery pigs (21-55 days of age; n=60), finisher pigs (8-25 weeks of age; n=90) and adults (>25 weeks of age; n=54). Samples were tested by a new quantitative differential real-time PCR for TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 DNA and by ELISA for detection of anti-TTSuV2-antibodies. The prevalence of TTSuV1 DNA ranged from 8.2% (fetuses and neonates) to 81% (finisher pigs) and the prevalence of TTSuV2 DNA ranged from 3.7% (suckling pigs) to 67% (finisher pigs). Evidence of fetal TTSuV infection was minimal. Mixed infection of TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 was seen in 6.7% of the nursery pigs, 52.2% of the finisher pigs, and 22.2% of the mature pigs. The prevalence of TTSuV1 was higher than that of TTSuV2. Anti-TTSuV2 antibodies were not detected in the fetuses and neonates and the seroprevalence of TTSuV2 was between 3.8% and 100% in growing pigs. The results of this study indicate that vertical transmission may not be a main route of TTSuV transmission in pigs in the USA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Chao-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giménez-Lirola
authors.forename: Yao-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiang-Jin
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Halbur
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opriessnig
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000821:virology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005838:Genotype; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral