title: Pre-diagnosis quality of life (QoL) in patients with hematuria: comparison of bladder cancer with other causes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine quality of life (QoL), health status, sexual function, and anxiety in patients with primary hematuria who later appear to have bladder cancer (BC) and patients with other diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2007 to July 2010, 598 patients with primary hematuria were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter study. Questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF, SF-12, IIEF, STAI-10-item Trait) were completed before cystoscopy. Diagnosis was subsequently derived from medical files. BC patients were compared with patients with other causes of hematuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer was diagnosed in 131 patients (21.9 %), including 102 patients (17.1 %) with BC. No differences were found in the WHOQOL-BREF versus SF-12 psychological or physical health domains. The erectile function was significantly worse in the BC group (9.3 vs. 14.6 for OC, p = 0.02). Patients with muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) had the lowest percentage anxious personalities of all BC patients (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer was found in 21.9 % of the patients with hematuria. Pre-diagnosis patients with BC have comparable QoL and HS to patients with OC. Erectile dysfunction was highest in patients with BC. MIBC patients had the lowest percentage anxious personalities of the patients with BC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, HP:C04.236, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. c.a.goossens-laan@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Catharina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Goossens-Laan
authors.forename: Paul J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kil
authors.forename: J L H
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ruud Bosch
authors.forename: Jolanda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Vries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D006304:Health Status; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*