title: Clinic value of two-dimensional speckle tracking combined with adenosine stress echocardiography for assessment of myocardial viability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate whether myocardial strain under adenosine stress calculated from two-dimensional echocardiography by automatic frame-by-frame tracking of natural acoustic markers enables objective description of myocardial viability in clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-dimensional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D STI) at rest were performed first and once again after adenosine was infused at 140 ug/kg/min over a period of 6 minutes in 36 stable patients with previous myocardial infarction. Then radionuclide myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging served as the "gold standard" to define myocardial viability was given in all patients within 1 day. Two-dimensional speckle tracking images were acquired at rest and after adenosine administration. An automatic frame-by-frame tracking system of natural acoustic echocardiographic markers was used to calculate 2D strain variables including peak-systolic circumferential strain (CS(peak-sys)), radial strain (RS(peak-sys)), and longitudinal strain (LS(peak-sys)). Those segments with abnormal motion from visual assessment of two-dimensional echocardiography were selected for further study. As a result, 126 regions were viable whereas 194 were nonviable among 320 abnormal motion segments in 36 patients according to radionuclide imaging. At rest, there were no significant changes of 2D strain between the viable and nonviable myocardium. After adenosine administration (140 ug/kg/min), CS(peak-sys) had a little change of the viable myocardium while RS(peak-sys) and LS(peak-sys) increased significantly compared with those at rest. In nonviable group, CS(peak-sys), RS(peak-sys), and LS(peak-sys) had no significant changes during adenosine administration. After adenosine administration, RS(peak-sys) and LS(peak-sys) in viable group increased significantly compared with nonviable group. Obtained strain data were highly reproducible and affected in small intraobserver and interobserver variabilities. A change of radial strain more than 9.5% has a sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 81.4% for viable whereas a change of longitudinal strain more than 14.6% allowed a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 90.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2D STI combined with adenosine stress echocardiography could provide a new and reliable method to identify myocardium viability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Echocardiography, Nanjing First Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Ping-Yang
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiao-Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Wen-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wang-Fei
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000379:methods*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014022:Tissue Survival; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000241:Adenosine