title: Suppression of spermatogenesis before grafting increases survival and supports resurgence of spermatogenesis in adult mouse testis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether absence of complete spermatogenesis in mature testicular tissue before grafting will increase graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor testes were obtained from adult untreated mice, adult mice rendered cryptorchid, and adult mice treated with a GnRH antagonist (acyline).
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor testes were ectopically grafted to nude mice and recovered at three time points.
  
  
  METHODS
  Most advanced germ cell type and presence of spermatogonia were assessed. Donor testes and grafts were analyzed by histology and by immunocytochemistry for ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 to mark germ cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Suppression of spermatogenesis by inducing cryptorchidism or acyline treatment resulted in improved survival of grafted tissue compared with controls and recovery of complete spermatogenesis, whereas control testis grafts mostly degenerated and did not restore complete spermatogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that complete spermatogenesis at the time of grafting has a negative effect on graft survival. Grafting of adult testis tissue from donors with suppressed spermatogenesis leads to spermatogenic recovery and may provide a tool to study and preserve fertility and for conservation of genetic resources in individuals that lack complete germ cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arregui
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rathi
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modelski
authors.forename: Wenxian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Eduardo R S
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Roldan
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dobrinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C109238:acyline