title: Should children be SCUBA diving?: Cerebral arterial gas embolism in a swimming pool.
abstract: Cerebral arterial gas embolism (CAGE) is a well-known serious complication of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCUBA) diving. Most serious complications of SCUBA diving occur in adults because most of SCUBA divers are adults. However, young age is an independent risk factor for injury in SCUBA diving and shallow-water SCUBA diving is the riskiest environment for CAGE. We present a case of a 10-year-old boy who developed CAGE while taking SCUBA diving lessons in a university swimming pool. This case illustrates the potential danger of SCUBA diving for children who lack understanding of the physics of diving as well as the often unappreciated risk of shallow-water SCUBA diving. Our intent is to educate providers of primary care to children, so that they may appropriately advise parents about SCUBA diving, and to educate providers of emergency care to children, so that they will recognize this uncommon but serious emergency condition.
authors.affiliation: Hennepin County Medical Center, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. john6601@umn.edu
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adkinson
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D013551:Swimming Pools