title: Prenatal ultrasound detection of cleft lip, or cleft palate, or both, in southern Sweden, 2006-2010.
abstract: It has been possible to detect cleft lip (CL), with or without cleft palate (CLP), using ultrasound (US) since the beginning of the 1980s. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and isolated cleft palate (ICP), in our catchment area. Screening protocols in the different US clinics in southern Sweden were also compared, as regards evaluation of the fetal face and prenatal diagnosis of CLP. Forty-four (31%) of the patients were diagnosed by prenatal US and 97/144 (67%) were diagnosed at birth. The detection rate was 44/102 (43%) if the ICP are excluded. The specificity was 100%. Among the prenatally diagnosed clefts, 25/44 (57%) were diagnosed before the gestational age of 20 weeks. In 19/44 (43%) of the cases the US diagnosis of cleft was accurate in the light of the postnatal outcome. All US departments in our catchment area follow the Swedish guidelines and offer one routine US examination during the second trimester between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. In addition, many of the clinics offer an additional US examination during the third trimester. Our detection rate is similar to previous findings. The detection rates and the accuracy of the prenatal diagnosis can be improved. To achieve this, an increased focus on detecting clefts, standardising scanning plans, and rescans in case of incomplete facial views, are essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uvemark
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Povilas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sladkevicius
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal