title: Evaluation of resistive index by color Doppler imaging of orbital arteries in type II diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistive index (RI) is an indirect measurement of blood flow resistance that can be used to evaluate vascular damage in ophthalmologic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between RI values of orbital arteries by using the color Doppler imaging (CDI) in type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with microalbuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 91 type II DM patients with microalbuminuria and 27 healthy subjects. The DM patients with microalbuminuria were grouped into two: group 1 consisted of patients with retinopathy (n = 51) and group 2 consisted of patients without retinopathy (n = 40). Healthy subjects constituted group 3 (n = 27). The mean RI values of ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and posterior ciliary artery (PCA) were measured using CDI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to diabetic group 2, group 1 had significantly higher mean RIs of OA, CRA, PCA, and HbA1c levels (p < 0.001 for all). Besides, there were no statistical differences in mean RIs of OA, CRA, and PCA between the control group and group 2 (p = 1.0; p = 0.44; p = 0.67, respectively). Mean RIs of OA and PCA were significantly correlated with age in group 1 (r = 0.549, p < 0.001; r = 0.407, p = 0.003, respectively). Mean RI of CRA was significantly correlated with the duration of diabetes and age in group 1 (r = 0.296, p = 0.035; r = 0.486, p < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that RI might be a useful marker for early diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy, and orbital RI assessment would be beneficial for diabetic patients with retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Bagcılar Training and Research Hospıtal, Istanbul, Turkey. tanerbast@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Basturk
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albayrak
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulas
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unsal
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toksoy
authors.forename: Yener
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koc
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*