title: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case series and review of previous reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. Cannabinoids or cannabinoid receptor agonists are often used to treat nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. However, in recent years, several medical journals have published reports of patients with nausea and vomiting thought to be induced by chronic cannabis use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors seek to inform readers about Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors describe four patients with chronic cannabis abuse, episodic, intractable nausea and vomiting, and compulsive hot water bathing. Previous cases of CHS are reviewed, pathophysiology is hypothesized, and difficulties with making the diagnosis are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHS should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with intractable vomiting and/or compulsive hot water bathing.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bronx, New York 10467, USA. snicolso@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nicolson
authors.forename: Lex
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Denysenko
authors.forename: J Loretta
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mulcare
authors.forename: Jose P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vito
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chabon
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D001494:Baths / Q000523:psychology; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D059408:Pain Management; D013577:Syndrome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids