title: The effect of motor imagery and static stretching on anaerobic performance in trained cyclists.
abstract: Athletes perform many different protocols as part of their warm-up routine before competition. Stretching has been suggested to decrease force and power production, whereas motor imagery (MI), the visualization of simple or complex motor activities in the absence of physical movement, may increase force and power production in young healthy individuals. Few studies have investigated either of these in trained individuals. No studies have compared the effects of static stretching (SS) with MI on anaerobic performance in trained cyclists. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SS compared with MI and quiet rest (QR) on anaerobic performance in trained cyclists. Thirteen trained cyclists (9 men: 4 women; aged 21 ± 2 years) were assessed for height (1.76 ± 0.07 m), weight (73.4 ± 13 kg), % body fat (10.8 ± 6.2%), and maximal oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O(2)max of 42.0 ± 5.6 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) on a cycle ergometer. The participants performed 3 randomized sessions consisting of cycling for 30 minutes at 65% of V[Combining Dot Above]O(2)max before undergoing 16 minutes of SS, MI, or QR followed by an anaerobic performance test. The SS consisted of 3 sets of 30-second stretches of the hamstrings, quadriceps, hip flexors, and piriformis. Imagery was based on the physical, environmental, task, learning, emotion, and perspective approach and was conducted by a trained technician. Both relative and absolute powers, and peak revolutions per minute, were quantified using the Wingate anaerobic threshold test. No significant interactions existed among SS, MI, and QR for relative peak power, absolute peak power, or peak RPM. In disagreement with current literature, this study suggests that neither SS nor a single session of MI immediately affect anaerobic performance in trained cyclists. If an event is <30 seconds, then SS or MI may not affect performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
authors.forename: J Derek
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zakrajsek
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Nesser
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gage
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy; D008297:Male; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises / Q000379:methods; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult