title: Toxicity of solvents and surfactants to Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae.
abstract: The objective of this work was to verify the sensitivity of Amblyomma cajennense and Dermacentor nitens larvae to the solvents ethanol, methanol, acetone, xylol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the surfactant Tween 80. The first four solvents were tested at analytical purity while the DMSO and surfactant Tween 80 were tested at a concentration of 1%. The substances tested at analytical purity that caused high mortality were also tested at concentrations of 50%, 25% and 1%. The larval packet test was used, with 10 repetitions for each treatment. A control group was also formed with the same number of repetitions, in which the larvae were only exposed to distilled water. In the first experiment, only xylol was highly toxic at the concentrations tested, causing mortality above 90% for larvae of both species. In the second experiment, xylol at 1% and at 25% showed low toxicity to the A. cajennense and D. nitens larvae, respectively, since the percentage mortality was statistically similar to that of the control group (p>0.05).
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jane Daisy de Sousa Almada
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daemon
authors.forename: Caio Márcio de Oliveira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maturano
authors.forename: Márcia Cristina de Azevedo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Prata
authors.forename: André Flávio Soares
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ferreira Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors; D001938:Brazil; D003870:Dermacentor; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D000431:Ethanol; D006736:Horses; D026863:Ixodidae; D007814:Larva; D000432:Methanol; D011136:Polysorbates; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014992:Xylenes
chemical_list: D011136:Polysorbates; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014992:Xylenes; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D000432:Methanol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide