title: Plasma S100A12 levels and peripheral arterial disease in end-stage renal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S100A12 is an endogenous ligand of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Plasma S100A12 levels are high in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in HD patients and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in this population. To date, however, no study has specifically assessed the relationship between plasma S100A12 and PAD in HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of 152 HD patients in our affiliated hospital. We investigated PAD history and patient characteristics and quantified plasma S100A12 levels in all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HD patients with PAD (n = 26; 21.9 [13.6-33.4] ng/ml) showed significantly higher plasma S100A12 levels than HD patients without PAD (n = 126; 11.8 [7.5-17.6]ng/ml; p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the plasma S100A12 level (odds ratio [OR] 5.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-25.3; p = 0.022) was identified as an independent factor associated with PAD prevalence. Another factor associated with PAD prevalence was the ankle-brachial index (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.40-0.74; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that plasma S100A12 levels are strongly associated with PAD prevalence in ESRD patients undergoing HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors.forename: Yayoi
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authors.lastname: Shiotsu
authors.forename: Yasukiyo
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authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tsuguru
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authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: Noboru
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authors.forename: Kumiko
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authors.forename: Hiroshi
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authors.forename: Ryo
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authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Noriko
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authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Keiichi
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authors.lastname: Tamagaki
authors.forename: Masato
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authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Noriyuki
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authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Toshihiko
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authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Hiroaki
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authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Atsushi
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authors.lastname: Kosaki