title: A study on neuroinflammatory marker in brain areas of okadaic acid (ICV) induced memory impaired rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to investigate the status of proinflammatory cytokine in the brain of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) okadaic acid (OKA) induced memory impaired rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  OKA (200 ng) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) was administered in rats. Memory was assessed by Morris water maze test. Biochemical marker of neuroinflammation (TNF-α, IL-β), total nitrite, mRNA (RT PCR) and protein expression (WB) of iNOS and nNOS were estimated in rat brain areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OKA caused memory-impairment in rats with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β and total nitrite in brain regions hippocampus and cortex. The expression of mRNA and protein of iNOS was increased while; the expressions were decreased in case of nNOS. Pretreatment with antidementic drugs donepezil (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and memantine (10 mg/kg, p.o) for 13 days protected i.c.v. OKA induced memory impairment and changes in level of TNF-α, IL-β, total nitrite and expressions of iNOS and nNOS in OKA treated rat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that neuroinflammation may play a vital role in OKA induced memory impairment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: Santoshkumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tota
authors.forename: Shivika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swarnkar
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Chandishwar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000077265:Donepezil; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008559:Memantine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007189:Indans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009573:Nitrites; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D000077265:Donepezil; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D008559:Memantine