title: Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedle treatment in acne scars and large facial pores.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fractional technology overcomes the problems of ablative lasers, such as inaccurate depth control and damage to the epidermis. Minimally invasive fractional radiofrequency microneedle devices allow for more-selective heating of the dermis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedle (ERM) treatment in acne scars and large facial pores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with acne scars and large facial pores were enrolled. Bipolar radiofrequency energy was delivered to the skin through the electrodes of the FRM device. Skin lesions were evaluated according to grade of acne scars, Investigator Global Assessment of large pores, skin surface roughness, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dermal density, microscopic and composite image, sebum measurement, and questionnaires regarding patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grade of acne scars and Investigator Global Assessment of large pores improved in more than 70% of all patients. Skin surface roughness, dermal density, and microscopic and composite images also improved, whereas TEWL and sebum measurement did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical improvement from FRM treatment appeared to be related to dermal matrix regeneration. FRM treatment may be effective in improving acne scars and facial pores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Ick
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Bo Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Min Gyu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ji Hwoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Chun Wook
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cheol Heon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye One
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D012629:Sebum / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible; D055815:Young Adult