title: Clinical characteristics and assisted reproductive technology outcomes in infertile foreign brides: comparison with native brides in south Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine if differences in clinical characteristics, embryonic development, and pregnancy outcomes exist between infertile foreign and native brides undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in a foreign-bride-immigrating country of Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, case-control design was use to recruit consecutive infertile women seeking ART treatment for study. The treatment protocol consisted of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with down-regulation and gonadotropin and ART method with conventional in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Among the 1083 ART treatment cycles, 97 (9%) were from foreign brides and 986 (91%) from native brides. Records of those who received transfer of fresh embryos obtained by using husband sperm for fertilization were collected for analysis. A case-control design with adjustment of bride age was used to select the records of 86 infertile foreign and 172 native brides for the study. Infertility cause, bride age, retrieved oocyte number and maturity, fertilization rate, embryo score, and post-embryo transfer results were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The foreign bride couples had significantly greater infertility due to tubal (36%) and combination (8.1%) factors than native bride couples (20.3% and 4.1%, respectively). Days of gonadotropin stimulation, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, embryo score, implantation rate, or clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate did not differ between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cause of infertile foreign bride couples requiring ART treatment had a higher percentage of tubal and combination factors, but similar ART outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Fu-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kuo-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Pin-Yao
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pei-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Fu-Tsai
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000208:ethnology; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000150:complications; D050498:Live Birth / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate / Q000208:ethnology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology