title: Novel models for assessing blood-brain barrier drug permeation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable micro-vascular unit which prevents many central nervous system (CNS)-targeted compounds from reaching the brain. A significant problem in CNS drug development is the ability to model BBB permeability in a timely, reproducible and cost-effective manner. Through the years, several models have been used such as artificial membranes, cell culture and animal models.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this focused review, the authors cover novel models which have been developed or are in the process of being developed which can be used in modeling BBB. These models can either be used to determine BBB permeability or whether a compound may be disrupting the BBB. Many of these models lend themselves to high-throughput screening. The main model organisms covered here are the grasshopper (Locusta migratoria), fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many of the models covered here have only recently been utilized for BBB studies and still needs to be fully studied for its impact on reducing costs during drug development. The strength of these models lay in the fact that a whole organism experiment can be done in high throughput fashion as compared with classical vertebrate models such as micro-dialysis.
authors.affiliation: Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA. wgeldenh@neomed.edu
authors.forename: Werner J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Geldenhuys
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bloomquist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000378:metabolism; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000378:metabolism; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations