title: Changes of metabolic and inflammatory markers in HIV infection: glucose, lipids, serum Hs-CRP and myeloperoxidase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HIV infection is exacerbated through additional pro-atherogenic mechanisms related to the processes of immune activation, inflammation, coagulation, and the modification of lipoproteins (e.g., particles of high density lipoprotein), contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other laboratory parameters in HIV-infected patients treated or not with antiretroviral drugs compared to non-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 154 volunteers: 47 non-infected individuals (control group - CON), 27 infected and untreated individuals (NTARV group) and 80 treated individuals (TARV group). We analyzed the counts of CD4+ lymphocytes and the viral load of the infected patients, along with the blood count, fasting glucose, total serum cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, MPO and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) of all study participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant increases in glucose, CHOL, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in the TARV group and significant reductions in the levels of HDL cholesterol for the TARV and NTARV groups. Significantly elevated levels of Hs-CRP were observed only in the TARV group, while levels of MPO were significantly higher in the TARV and NTARV groups compared to the control group. A correlation of MPO with Hs-CRP (r=0.21, p=0.032) was observed for HIV-infected patients, but MPO did not correlate significantly with the other analyzed parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigation of early biomarkers for cardiovascular risk evaluation, such as MPO, contributes to the clinical monitoring of HIV-infected individuals. The serum levels of MPO correlated with Hs-CRP and were high in HIV-infected individuals, indicating a possible predictor of cardiovascular events in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Paraná State University of Ponta Grossa-UEPG, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Cristyane Kalva
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Borato
authors.forename: Gisele Chibinski
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Parabocz
authors.forename: Sônia Regina Weber
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.forename: Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kalva-Filho
authors.forename: Luciana Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.forename: Carmen Antonia Sanches
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bail
authors.forename: Fábio André
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: José Carlos Rebuglio
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vellosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009195:Peroxidase