title: Novel promoters that induce specific transgene expression during the green to ripening stages of tomato fruit development.
abstract: Fruit-specific promoters have been used as genetic engineering tools for studies on molecular mechanism of fruit development and advance in fruit quality and additional value by increasing functional component. Especially fruit-ripening specific promoters have been well utilized and studied in tomato; however, few studies have reported the development of promoters that act at fruit developing stages such as immature green and mature green periods. In this study, we report novel promoters for gene expression during the green to ripening stages of tomato fruit development. Genes specifically expressed at tomato fruit were selected using microarray data. Subsequent to confirmation of the expression of the selected 12 genes, upstream DNA fragments of the genes LA22CD07, Les.3122.2.A1_a_at and LesAffx.6852.1.S1_at which specifically expressed at fruit were isolated from tomato genomic DNA as promoter regions. Isolated promoter regions were fused with the GUS gene and the resultant constructs were introduced into tomato by agrobacterium-mediated transformation for evaluation of promoter activity in tomato fruit. The two promoters of LA22CD07, and LesAffx.6852.1.S1_at showed strong activity in the fruit, weak activity in the flower and undetectable activity in other tissues. Unlike well-known fruit-ripening specific promoters, such as the E8 promoter, these promoters exhibited strong activity in green fruit in addition to red-ripening fruit, indicating that the promoters are suitable for transgene expression during green to ripening stages of tomato fruit development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel fruit-specific promoters have been identified and are suitable for transgene expression during green to ripening stages of tomato fruit development.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiwasa-Tanase
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Tadayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takane
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ezura
mesh_terms: D005638:Fruit / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005966:Glucuronidase