title: Cold-induced accumulation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha L.
abstract: The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. synthesizes various long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, neither of which is produced by higher plants. Here we report the effects of temperature on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in the liverwort. The accumulation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly as the growth temperature decreased. Specifically, the relative content of eicosapentaenoic acid to total fatty acids at 5 °C was approximately 3-fold higher than at 25 °C. On the other hand, the accumulation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased at low temperatures. An analysis of gene expression indicated that the mRNA of the MpFAD3 gene for ER ω-3 desaturase increased significantly at 5 °C. These results indicate that in the liverwort the n-3 pathway was enhanced at low temperature, mainly via expression of the cold-induced ω-3 desaturase gene, leading to increased accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003080:Cold Temperature; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015870:Gene Expression; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047008:Marchantia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C078565:omega-3 fatty acid desaturase