title: Platelet-derived growth factor-D promotes ovarian cancer invasion by regulating matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) can enhance invasion and metastasis in several human malignancies, though little is known about its functions in ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we detected expression of PDGF-D in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting, investigating the influences on cellular proliferation, invasion and apoptosis by upregulating its expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  79.5% (62/78) of ovarian cancer samples proved to be PDGF-D positive, in contrast to just 38.5%(30/78) in their adjacent non-cancer tissues (p<0.001). Moreover, we found high levels of PDGF-D were correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.025) and positive cancer cells in abdominal washings/ascites (p=0.042). In vitro, upregulation of PDGF-D enhanced the invasiveness of SKOV3 cells (p<0.01), but had no impact on cellular proliferation or apoptosis. Furthermore, expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 (MMP2 and MMP9) was positively related with PDGF-D, indicating their involvement in the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings proved that PDGF-D could promote ovarian cancer invasion by upregulating MMPs, which might be a potential target for ovarian cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chaoying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ruofan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D008222:Lymphokines; C427493:PDGFD protein, human; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9