title: A fast and efficient polymerase chain reaction-based method for the preparation of in situ hybridization probes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In situ hybridization (ISH) is the method of choice for analysis of the local distribution of gene expression in tissue samples at the cellular level. In this study we present a rapid and efficient protocol for the generation of labelled cRNA probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protocol is based on the preparation of DNA in vitro transcription templates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers that include RNA polymerase promoter sequences and size-based purification of PCR fragments containing the target gene-specific cDNA and promoter elements for T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase. The optimized purification protocols ensure high transcription efficiency and target specificity of the labelled cRNA. The cRNA hybridization probes obtained are compatible with established in situ hybridization protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Purified PCR fragment-based in vitro transcription enables preparation of in situ hybridization probes which allow the rapid detection of gene expression distribution in tissue slices from any gene of interest.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Shahrouz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghafoory
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Breitkopf-Heinlein
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dzieran
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wölfl
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D004076:Digoxigenin; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018075:RNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C097353:AFP protein, human; D000418:Albumins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D004076:Digoxigenin