title: Do people become better prepared in the aftermath of a natural disaster? The hurricane Ike experience in Houston, Texas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite large-scale efforts and expensive public education campaigns mounted by the government at all levels in the past decade, the improvements in disaster preparedness among the US Gulf Coast residents have been ineffectual at best. Some factors that contribute to better preparedness are past experience, awareness of what to do in a disaster scenario and availability, and access to informational and supportive resources. We examine whether an experience of a natural disaster brings about changes in preparedness and access to resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study is based on data from 2 cross-sectional random-digit-dialing surveys in 2008 (pre-Ike) and 2009 (post-Ike) with sample sizes of 1001 and 1009, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults living in one of the 85 zip codes in Houston, Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported preparedness, evacuation plan, available resources (informational, financial and emotional).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no significant changes in preparedness or evacuation plans in residents of Houston prior to and a year after Hurricane Ike. Hispanics and other minority groups reported a significant increase in access to information and all residents reported an increase in perception of availability of financial support, if needed. Perceived availability of tangible (financial) support has been linked to positive physical and mental health effects and can contribute to resiliency and quicker recovery. The unchanged preparedness levels could be attributed to ceiling effects, that is, the already high levels of preparedness reported by Houston residents. Greater access to information reported by Hispanics and other minorities is encouraging and indicative of success in reaching out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results also indicate a greater need for appropriate targeted strategies to reach out to African Americans in Houston since this group reported poorer access to information. This has implications for planning and preparedness officials and the communication strategies used to reach the community.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas School of Public Health, UT Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA. vincentchen77469@gmail.com
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Leann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D022126:Access to Information; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055867:Cyclonic Storms; D003625:Data Collection; D004189:Disaster Planning; D005260:Female; D005382:Financing, Personal; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013781:Texas