title: [A comparison of self-esteem in alcohol-dependent women and women who have become abstinent, against a control group].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women's addiction to alcohol remains a taboo subject, whereas one third of alcohol-dependent people are female. Social representations concerning them are very unfavorable. Their alcoholism is usually accompanied by strong feelings of guilt, depreciation and lowered self-esteem. There is little existing work about self-esteem in women who have become abstinent. This study's goal is to compare the self-esteem of women who are alcohol-dependent and the self-esteem of women who have become abstinent in various domains (social, familial, professional).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample contained 71 women divided into three groups: 31 alcohol-dependent women (average age of 44.9); 20 alcohol-dependent women who had become abstinent for at least two months (average age of 44.7) and 20 women who formed the control group (average age of 44.4). The material was put together from the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI, adult version of Coopersmith 1981). It includes 58 items divided into four sub-categories (general self-esteem, social, familial and professional) and a scale for falsehoods. The SEI was self-administered. The statistics were produced entirely with non-parametric tests: Mann-Whitley U Test for the comparison of two independent samples and Kruskal-Wallis Anova for the comparison of three independent samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was found for general self-esteem (P=0.001), familial (P=0.01) and professional (P=0.03) between the three groups of women (alcohol-dependent, alcohol-dependent who had become abstinent and women from the control group). There was no statistical difference for social self-esteem or the lying scale. There was a difference between alcohol-dependent women and the control group in general self-esteem (P=0.0001), familial self-esteem (P=0.01) and professional self-esteem (P=0.002), as well as between women who had become abstinent and women from the control group in general self-esteem (P=0.02), familial self-esteem (P=0.005) and professional self-esteem (P=0.07; ns). No difference was found between alcohol-dependent women and women who had become abstinent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown evidence that general, familial and professional self-esteem drops in alcohol-dependent women and in women who had become abstinent compared to a general population. There was no proof of any difference of self-esteem in women who had become abstinent and alcohol-dependent women, although abstinent women seemed to have better general and professional self-esteem while their familial self-esteem seemed to be lower. This study begs the question about self-esteem in women who have become abstinent suggests that self-esteem should be integrated into their treatment.
authors.affiliation: CHRU de Tours, centre de soins d'accompagnement et de prévention en addictologie, CSAPA 37, 37041 Tours cedex, France.
authors.forename: Angélique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guillon
authors.forename: Charlyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chauveau-Clerc
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Courtois
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bacq
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maugé
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ballon
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaillard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D008192:Deception; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology*