title: Clinical significance of flow-mediated dilation, brachial intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity in patients with and without coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the interrelationships among brachial flow-mediated vasodilatation (bFMD), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and brachial intima-media thickness (bIMT) in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-hundred consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) were enrolled as the CAD group and 50 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched patients without CAD were selected as the non-CAD group. bFMD, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the CAD group were significantly lower. The CAD group showed significantly higher levels of hemoglobin A(1c)(HbA(1c)) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but not baPWV. CAD was independently associated with bFMD, DBP, HbA(1c) and HDL-C. bFMD and HDL-C significantly decreased and LDL-C increased as the number of diseased vessels with significant stenosis increased. The number of diseased vessels was independently associated with bFMD and HDL-C. In addition, bFMD, bIMT, the time constant of the shear rate and the time constant of the flow rate as assessed by a new program, Trend Plus(®), were associated with the presence of CAD. Among these parameters, the presence of CAD was independently associated with bIMT as well as bFMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bFMD was a better predictor of the severity of CAD than either baPWV or coronary risk factors in patients with SAP. In addition, bIMT may be a critical predictor of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koyoshi
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Yuhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitsutake
authors.forename: Keijiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saku
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human