title: Allethrin-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice.
abstract: Allethrin (C(19)H(26)O(3)) is non-cyano-containing pyrethroid insecticide that is used extensively for controlling flies and mosquitoes. Apart from its neurotoxic effects in non-target species, allethrin is reported to be mutagenic in bacterial systems. In this study, we observed oxidative damage-mediated genotoxicity caused by allethrin in Swiss albino mice. The genotoxic potential of allethrin was evaluated using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and a micronuclei (MN) induction assay as genetic end-points. The oral intubation of allethrin (25 and 50mg/kg b.wt.) significantly induces CAs and MN in mouse bone marrow cells. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was estimated in mouse liver using the DNA alkaline unwinding assay (DAUA) and by measuring the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG). Furthermore, a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO), with a concurrent decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, confirm its pro-oxidant potential. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was found to be mediated through the modulation of p53, p21, GADD45α and MDM-2. These results confirm the genotoxic and the pro-oxidant potential of allethrin in Swiss albino mice.
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India; Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
authors.forename: Pramod Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Khedhairy
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musarrat
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India. Electronic address: yshukla@iitr.res.in.
authors.forename: Yogeshwer
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000487:Allethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000487:Allethrins; D007306:Insecticides; D009153:Mutagens; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species