title: Extrapolating respiratory tract infection incidences to a rural area of Ghana using a probability model for hospital attendance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current study was to extrapolate incidences for respiratory tract infections (RTI) using referral data from a local hospital in Ghana weighted by the individual likelihood of a hospital visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnoses from children visiting a rural hospital in Ghana during August 2007 to September 2008 were recorded. A logistic regression model, based on a population study conducted within the hospital catchment area, was used to calculate the individual probability of clinic attendance and to extrapolate the number of recorded cases. Cumulative incidences for children living in the hospital catchment area were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper RTI was the most common respiratory diagnosis, with an extrapolated incidence of 17481 cases per 100000 per year, followed by pneumonia with an incidence of 2496 per 100 000 per year. All diseases analyzed were most common in the first year of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general the study results are in line with comparable studies. Several methodological issues biasing the results in different directions were identified. For example, opportunistic infections that are more often observed in hospital attendees are likely to be overestimated. However, the applied approach presents a tool for areas where disease monitoring systems are not established.
authors.affiliation: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany. krumkamp@bnitm.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krumkamp
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarpong
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Loag
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeeb
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adu-Sarkodie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*