title: Individuated finger control in focal hand dystonia: an fMRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand deficient selective motor control in focal hand dystonia by determining changes in striatal activation and connectivity in patients performing individuated finger control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional imaging with a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance scanner was performed on 18 patients and 17 controls during non-symptom producing tasks requiring right-handed individuated or coupled finger control. A global linear model and psychophysiologic interaction model compared individuated to coupled tasks for patients and controls separately, and the results were submitted to a group analysis. The sensorimotor (posterior) and associative (anterior) parts of the putamen were considered as seed regions for the connectivity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, patients had significant differences in activations and connectivity during individuated compared to coupled tasks: (i) decreased activations in the bilateral postcentral gyri, right associative posterior parietal areas, right cerebellum and left posterior putamen, while activations in the left anterior putamen were not different; (ii) increased connectivity of the left posterior putamen with the left cerebellum and left sensorimotor cortex; and (iii) increased connectivity of the left anterior putamen with bilateral supplementary motor areas, the left premotor cortex, and left cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased activations in the sensorimotor putamen and cerebellum controlling the affected hand might underlie low levels of surround inhibition during individuated tasks. For identical motor performance in both groups, increased connectivity of sensorimotor and associative striato-cortical circuits in FHD suggests that both affected and unaffected territories of the striatum participate in compensatory processes.
authors.affiliation: Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Building 10, Room 7D37, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD 20892-1428, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallea
authors.forename: Silvina G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Horovitz
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult