title: Ontogeny of the interferon system in chickens.
abstract: Newborn vertebrates may be susceptible to infection because the immature status of their immune system results in an inability to make an effective immune response. Consequently, newly hatched chicks appear to be more susceptible to infections than mature chickens. In particular, poultry susceptibility to virus infection may be related to poor expression of innate immune elements involved in antiviral responses. Therefore, in this study we assessed the relative development of the interferon (IFN) system: a protective system against virus infection. We investigated the age-related expression of the elements involved in the IFN response including IFN gene expression, their associated receptors and the pattern recognition receptors (PRR) involved in the regulation of IFNs. We observed that the IFN system is somewhat inadequately expressed in embryos and develops over time, just prior to and after hatching, and therefore chicks may be more susceptible to virus than mature birds because of an immature IFN network.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Livestock Industries, AAHL, 5, Portarlington Road, Geelong, Victoria, 3220 Australia. adam.karpala@csiro.au
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karpala
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagnaud-Baule
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lowenthal
authors.forename: Andrew G D
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000276:immunology; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D007372:Interferons