title: A general method to determine twinning elements.
abstract: The fundamental theory of crystal twinning has been long established, leading to a significant advance in understanding the nature of this physical phenomenon. However, there remains a substantial gap between the elaborate theory and the practical determination of twinning elements. This paper proposes a direct and simple method - valid for any crystal structure and based on the minimum shear criterion - to calculate various twinning elements from the experimentally determined twinning plane for Type I twins or the twinning direction for Type II twins. Without additional efforts, it is generally applicable to identify and predict possible twinning modes occurring in a variety of crystalline solids. Therefore, the present method is a promising tool to characterize twinning elements, especially for those materials with complex crystal structure.
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zongbin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Esling
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuo