title: Specific injuries induced by the practice of trampoline, tumbling and acrobatic gymnastics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recreational and competitive practice of acrobatic sports, that is, trampoline, tumbling and acrobatic gymnastics (ACRO), is growing rapidly around the world. Many studies described the injuries affecting young artistic gymnasts, but only few concerned acrobatic sports.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 5-year period, 357 traumatic events were collected in young acrobats practicing trampoline, tumbling or ACRO. Accident characteristics, level of expertise and training, injury location (upper limb, spine and lower limb), type of tissue injured (bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament and tendon) and provoking factors (intrinsic/behavioural and extrinsic) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acrobats of national and international levels were mostly injured. Injuries occurring in acrobatic sports concerned predominantly the lower limbs and concerned in this body part mainly damages to ligaments. Forearm and knee injuries were preferentially related to trampoline. Ankle injuries were preferentially related to tumbling. Wrist injuries were preferentially related to ACRO. Upper limb bone damage and upper limb tendon damage were preferentially related to trampoline and ACRO, respectively. Intrinsic/behavioural factors were the main injury determinant in the three acrobatic sports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main injuries in acrobatic sports (i.e. lower limbs) are similar to those observed in artistic gymnastics. Specific injuries may result from falls and incomplete and/or erroneous figure's landing and may also depend to the type of the landing surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology's Surgery, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Grapton
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lion
authors.forename: Gérome C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gauchard
authors.forename: Denys
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrault
authors.forename: Philippe P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Perrin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology