title: Resource utilisation and clinical data before and after switching between short-acting human insulin and rapid-acting insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SWING study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SWING was a prospective, observational study conducted in nine European countries primarily to assess direct treatment costs when switching from short-acting human insulins to rapid-acting insulin analogues (H-A) or vice versa (A-H) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected at a baseline visit (time of switch) and at approximately 3, 6 and 12 months post-switch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 2389 patients switched from H-A (n=2203) or A-H (n=186); another 603 were enrolled but ineligible. Mean (SD) direct diabetes-related costs (pro-rated to account for variable visit schedules) were €548.7 (865.8) 6 months prior to switch, €625.6 (1474.9) at 0-6 months and €568.6 (590.7) 6-12 months following switch for H-A, and €544.5 (421.0), €481.0 (301.5) and €461.6 (335.0) for A-H, respectively. Mean (SD) HbA(1c) decreased over 12 months by 1.08 (1.53)% units H-A and 1.17 (1.45)% units A-H. A small decline in hypoglycaemia occurred over time, but there were no clinically meaningful changes in mean PROs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were small changes in mean direct diabetes-related costs (following adjustment for time interval) in patients switching in either direction. Improvements in mean HbA(1c) and incidence of hypoglycaemia cannot necessarily be attributed to therapeutic switch.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly, Windlesham, Surrey, UK. reaney_matthew@lilly.com
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reaney
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cypryk
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tentolouris
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jecht
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cleall
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Petzinger
authors.forename: Veikko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koivisto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human