title: Comparing culture, real-time PCR and fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology for detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with or without peri-implant infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology with commonly used diagnostic methods in salivary and subgingival plaque samples from subjects with dental implants. P. gingivalis was considered as a marker for a pathogenic microbiota.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven adult subjects were recruited, including periodontally healthy controls with no dental implants, implant controls with no peri-implant disease and patients with peri-implant disease. Saliva and subgingival/submucosal plaque samples were collected from all subjects and were analyzed using culture, real-time PCR and FRET technology employing P. gingivalis-specific substrates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the P. gingivalis-specific substrates were highly suitable for detecting the presence of P. gingivalis in saliva and in subgingival plaque samples, showing comparable specificity to culture and real-time PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We applied the FRET technology to detect P. gingivalis in implant patients with or without an implant condition and in controls without implants. The technique seems suitable for detection of P. gingivalis in both plaque and saliva samples. However, with all three techniques, P. gingivalis was not very specific for peri-implantitis cases. Future work includes fine-tuning the FRET technology and also includes the development of a chair-side application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galassi
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kaman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anssari Moin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wismeijer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Crielaard
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: E C I
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Veerman
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bikker
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Loos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000382:microbiology; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D015921:Dental Implants