title: Versatile in situ powder X-ray diffraction cells for solid-gas investigations.
abstract: This paper describes new sample cells and techniques for in situ powder X-ray diffraction specifically designed for gas absorption studies up to ca 300 bar (1 bar = 100 000 Pa) gas pressure. The cells are for multipurpose use, in particular the study of solid-gas reactions in dosing or flow mode, but can also handle samples involved in solid-liquid-gas studies. The sample can be loaded into a single-crystal sapphire (Al(2)O(3)) capillary, or a quartz (SiO(2)) capillary closed at one end. The advantages of a sapphire single-crystal cell with regard to rapid pressure cycling are discussed, and burst pressures are calculated and measured to be ∼300 bar. An alternative and simpler cell based on a thin-walled silicate or quartz glass capillary, connected to a gas source via a VCR fitting, enables studies up to ∼100 bar. Advantages of the two cell types are compared and their applications are illustrated by case studies.
authors.forename: Torben R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Yaroslav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Filinchuk
authors.forename: Jens-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Yngve
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cerenius
authors.forename: Evan Maca
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Webb