title: Penetration and release studies of positively and negatively charged nanoemulsions--is there a benefit of the positive charge?
abstract: The surface of all tissues, including the stratum corneum, carries a negative charge. Following that fact it is assumed that a positively charged topical formulation could lead to an enhanced penetration because of an increased interaction with the negative charge of the membrane. The intention of this study is to prove an enhanced penetration of a positively charged nanoemulsion compared to a negatively charged nanoemulsion, both containing prednicarbate. The release and penetration of these nanoemulsions, produced with the high pressure homogenization method, were investigated. Regarding these results reveals that the release of the negatively charged formulation is higher compared to the positively charged nanoemulsion, while the penetration of the positively charged nanoemulsion is enhanced compared to the negatively charged formulation. The results of the investigated positively charged nanoemulsion containing prednicarbate show that its topical use could be advantageous for the therapy of atopic dermatitis, especially regarding phytosphingosine, which was responsible for the positive charge.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany. yucelbaspinar@mail.ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Yücel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baspinar
authors.forename: Hans-Hubert
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Borchert
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004355:Drug Stability; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010539:Permeability; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011312:Pressure; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012995:Solubility; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019814:Myristic Acid; D011239:Prednisolone; C012491:phytosphingosine; D013110:Sphingosine; C035287:prednicarbate