title: Reaching the last one per cent: progress and challenges in global polio eradication.
abstract: Since its launch in 1988, the World Health Organization's Global Polio Eradication Initiative has reduced worldwide polio incidence by >99%. The most dramatic progress was achieved up to the year 2000, the original eradication target date, but subsequent years have seen only limited progress in preventing the last 1% of cases. Recent gains in India and Nigeria have been offset by continued endemicity in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and repeated reseeding of wild poliovirus into polio-free areas has led to large outbreaks and re-established transmission. Although wild poliovirus type 2 was eradicated in 1999 and wild poliovirus type 3 may be nearing eradication, the continued emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, especially type 2, presents ongoing challenges to stopping all poliovirus transmission.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, G-10, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. OKew@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Olen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kew
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral