title: Effect of articaine on mental nerve anterior portion: histological analysis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of articaine and lidocaine on mental nerve, due to the increasing number of paresthesia cases after nerve blocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The drugs were injected in the anterior portion of mental nerve of 24 rats, divided into three groups: G1--4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine; G2--2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and G3--plain 1:100,000 epinephrine solution. These solutions were injected in the right side of the rat's mandible and the left side was used as control (0.9% saline solution). Previously to the injections, the animals were anesthetized with thiopental and, 24 h after the injections, their jaws were removed and submitted to routine histological techniques. A histopathological analysis was performed by optical microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inflammatory infiltration was found around mental nerve, classified as intense for G3, moderate for G1 and light for both G2 and control groups. No injuries were found in nervous structure, despite the inflammatory reaction observed around it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that articaine is not toxic to the nervous structure and further studies are necessary to explain the possible relation between articaine injection and paresthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Belisário
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franz-Montan
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.forename: Luciana Aranha
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Berto
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: Pedro Duarte
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.forename: Francisco Carlos
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Groppo
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002355:Carticaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000633:toxicity; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine; D004837:Epinephrine