title: Does antiretroviral therapy initiation increase sexual risk taking in Kenyan female sex workers? A retrospective case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) prolongs life and reduces infectiousness, in some contexts, it has been associated with increased sexual risk taking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nairobi-based dedicated female sex worker (FSW) clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected FSWs before and after ART initiation (n=62); HIV-infected and -uninfected control FSWs not starting ART during the same follow-up period (n=40).
  
  
  METHODS
  Initiation of ART.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported condom use, client numbers and sexually transmitted infection incidence over the study period (before and after ART initiation in cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sexual risk-taking behaviour with casual clients did not increase after ART initiation; condom use increased and sexually transmitted infection incidence decreased in both cases and controls, likely due to successful cohort-wide HIV prevention efforts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ART provision was not associated with increases in unsafe sex in this FSW population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Elysha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mawji
authors.forename: Lyle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wachihi
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chege
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thottingal
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kariri
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.forename: T Blake
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaoko
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ngugi
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimani
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gelmon
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagelkerke
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaul