title: Efficacy and safety of a single 2 mg dose or 4 mg double dose of alteplase for 50 occluded chest ports using a unique instillation technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a single 2 mg dose or a 4 mg double dose of alteplase for restoring function in occluded chest ports.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, open-label, nonblinded study was performed on 40 enrolled patients with a total of 50 chest ports at the Henry Ford Hospital Interventional Radiology Department (Detroid, Michigan, USA). Alteplase (Cathflo Activase; Genentech, USA), a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA technology, was used to restore the function of 50 occluded chest ports. Occlusion was defined as the inability to withdraw blood freely from the port, or the inability to flush the port easily. A 2 mg (2 mL) dose of alteplase was injected into the port through a Huber needle, using a gentle push and pull technique, and was left to dwell for 30 min. If the port remained occluded after the initial 2 mg alteplase treatment, an additional 2 mg alteplase treatment was administered with the same dwell time of 30 min. If a port had remained occluded despite the above regimen, this outcome would have been considered a failure and the chest port would have required surgical intervention. However, all ports were successfully treated, and no surgical intervention was required. The safety end points included minor or major hemorrhages, such as intracranial hemorrhages, or sepsis. Safety end points were determined by a 24 h follow-up telephone call.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 50 chest ports (30 single ports and 10 double ports) treated with alteplase, 36 required 2 mg (72%) and 14 required 4 mg (28%). The efficacy end point was 100% for all chest ports treated, without any adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High efficacy and safety rates of restoring function in occluded chest ports were obtained with 2 mg or 4 mg doses of alteplase. Part of this high efficacy rate may be due to the gentle push and pull technique used in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology, Detroit, Michigan, USA. rsharma@rad.hfh.edu
authors.forename: Rajinder P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Chung Ja
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ree
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ree