title: The Chicago criteria for esophageal motility disorders:  what has changed in the past 5 years?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Chicago Classification for esophageal motility disorders was developed to complement the enhanced characterization of esophageal motility provided by high-resolution esophageal pressure topography (HREPT) as this new technology has emerged within clinical practice. This review aims to summarize the evidence supporting the evolution of the classification scheme since its inception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies examining the specific esophageal motility disorders in regards to HREPT metrics, clinical characteristics, and responses to treatments have facilitated updates of the diagnostic scheme and criteria. These studies have demonstrated variation in treatment responses associated with subclassification of achalasia, the use of distal latency in the diagnosis of distal esophageal spasm, and the development of diagnoses including esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and hypercontractile esophagus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic criteria described in the Chicago Classification have evolved to demonstrate a greater focus on distinct clinical phenotypes. Future evaluation of the natural history and treatment outcomes will assist in further refinement of this diagnostic scheme and management of esophageal motility disorders.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611-2951, USA.
authors.forename: Dustin A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pandolfino
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology