title: Malignant transformation from benign papillomatosis of the external auditory canal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Report a case of malignant transformation of benign ear canal papillomatosis to malignant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 73-year-old with papillomata involving the posterior and inferior walls of the right external auditory canal (EAC), which subsequently transformed into SCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radical mastoidectomy and excision of the tumor and then radical radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Loco-regional disease control. Recovery of facial nerve function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 20 months post-treatment, the patient remains disease free. No recovery of facial nerve function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malignant transformation of a benign EAC papilloma to SCC of the temporal bone has not been reported previously. The association of human papillomavirus with temporal bone SCC has been reported in small number of studies with human papillomavirus subtypes 16 and 18 isolated in a high proportion of cases. With the increased availability in genotyping, the question over whether there should be further genetic analysis of benign lesions to assess their susceptibility to malignant transformation has merit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Miah
authors.forename: Mairi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Syed Shah Musheer
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000473:pathology*; D004428:Ear Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010212:Papilloma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome