title: Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene sequence variation and phage in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from children in mainland China.
abstract: To determine the variation in the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene sequences and different PVL-encoding phages of Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from children in mainland China, fifty-eight strains with PVL collected from 2007 to 2009 were used. Their molecular characteristics were examined. Primers were designed to sequence the PVL genes. Six PVL-encoding phages (ϕPVL, ϕ108PVL, ϕSLT, ϕSa2MW, ϕSa2958, and ϕSa2USA) were identified by PCR. Eleven sequence types (ST) were detected with ST59 (39.7%, 23/58) the most frequent ST, followed by 910 (22.4%, 13/58), and 338 (12.1%, 7/58). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified at 11 locations in the PVL genes. SNP (nucleotide 1396, A→G) and SNP (nucleotide 1546, A→G) were observed in >10 sequences. Four additional SNP were non-synonymous. Both SNP (nucleotide 16, C→A) and SNP (nucleotide 62, C→T) were present in the same ST59 strain. SNP (nucleotide 527, A→G) was present in five strains belonging to ST30, 121, 1, and 93. SNP (nucleotide 1436, A→C) was present in one ST30 strain. Fifteen strains belonging to ST910, ST217, and ST30 carried a PVL phage that had an icosahedral head morphology. Nine ST59 strains carried ϕ108PVL. Three ST88 strains carried a PVL phage that had an elongated head morphology. Twenty-seven strains, including 60.9% (14/23) of ST59 and all ST338 strains, had no detectable phage. In conclusion, sequence variation in PVL genes and PVL-encoding phages was generally related to the lineage. ST59 strains may indeed carry novel PVL phages.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
authors.forename: Xiangmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Dejing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chuanqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Changan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Sangjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xuzhuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013204:Staphylococcus Phages / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin