title: Effect of processing on recovery and variability associated with immunochemical analytical methods for multiple allergens in a single matrix: sugar cookies.
abstract: Among the major food allergies, peanut, egg, and milk are the most common. The immunochemical detection of food allergens depends on various factors, such as the food matrix and processing method, which can affect allergen conformation and extractability. This study aimed to (1) develop matrix-specific incurred reference materials for allergen testing, (2) determine whether multiple allergens in the same model food can be simultaneously detected, and (3) establish the effect of processing on reference material stability and allergen detection. Defatted peanut flour, whole egg powder, and spray-dried milk were added to cookie dough at seven incurred levels before baking. Allergens were measured using five commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. All kits showed decreased recovery of all allergens after baking. Analytical coefficients of variation for most kits increased with baking time, but decreased with incurred allergen level. Thus, food processing negatively affects the recovery and variability of peanut, egg, and milk detection in a sugar cookie matrix when using immunochemical methods.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Sefat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khuda
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slate
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Fadwa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Taher
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diaz-Amigo
authors.forename: Elmer C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bigley
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D010367:Arachis / Q000276:immunology; D004531:Eggs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008892:Milk / Q000276:immunology; D012015:Reference Standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens