title: Characterization of agglomerated carvedilol by hot-melt processes in a fluid bed and high shear granulator.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize granulated carvedilol by melt-in and spray-on melt granulation in a fluid bed and a high shear granulator. Granulates having comparable particle size distribution and good flow properties were obtained with proper adjustment of process parameters for each binder (poloxamer 188, polyethylene glycol 4000, and gliceryl monosterate), procedure (spray-on and melt-in) and equipment (fluid bed and high shear granulator). In-line probes for particle size measurements proved to be a useful tool for determining the end point of melt granulation. The product temperature during melt granulation was found to be the critical process parameter for achieving appropriate granulate particle size distribution. The results showed that melt granulation using hydrophilic binders is an effective method to improve the dissolution rate of carvedilol. The method of binder addition to the powders (melt-in or spray-on procedure) was found to strongly influence the dissolution rate of carvedilol. The highest dissolution rates were obtained when the spray-on procedure is used, independently from the type of granulator used. The results also suggest that the most probable explanation for the increase in the dissolution rate of granulated carvedilol is improvement of the wettability through intimate contact between hydrophilic binder and hydrophobic drug.
authors.affiliation: Krka d.d. Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8501 Novo mesto, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kukec
authors.forename: Rok
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dreu
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vrbanec
authors.forename: Stane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srčič
authors.forename: Franc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vrečer
mesh_terms: D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007700:Kinetics; D010316:Particle Size; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology; D012995:Solubility; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D005079:Excipients; D005989:Glycerides; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D020442:Poloxamer; C048159:glyceryl monostearate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols