title: Suicide of first-generation immigrants in Australia, 1974-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analysed suicide rates among first-generation immigrants in Australia from 1974 to 2006, and compared their suicide risks against the Australian-born population. It also examined the associations between the suicide rates of immigrants from 23 selected countries of birth during 2001-2006, and in their home countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-standardised suicide rates (15+ years) and rate ratios, with a 95 % confidence interval, during 1974-2006 were calculated for country of birth (COB) groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated between COB-specific immigrant suicide rates during 2001-2006 in Australia and in their homelands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Suicide rates showed a decreasing time-trend among all COB groups for both genders in Australia. The lowest suicide rates were found during 2004-2006, compared to other year groups. Throughout the study period, males born in Eastern, Northern and Western Europe and New Zealand had the highest suicide rates in Australia. For females, the highest rates were among those born in Western Europe and the UK (including Ireland). Male and female migrants born in North Africa and the Middle East, Southern and Central Asia and South East Asia showed the lowest suicide rates. There was a significant correlation between male immigrant suicide rates by COB and the rates of their home countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patterns of suicide rates in immigrants were influenced by the social and cultural norms of their COB. The overall decrease in suicide risk among immigrants was particularly evident in males.
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University Mt Gravatt Campus, Mt Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Kairi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kõlves
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassaniti
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Leo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult