title: Local anaesthetics use does not suppress muscle activity following an ankle injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if peroneus longus (PL), peroneus brevis (PB), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle activation patterns during inversion perturbation and running tasks are suppressed following lidocaine injection to the anterior talofibular (ATF) and calcaneofibular (CF) ligament regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen recreationally active male subjects (age, 24.8 ± 2.9 years; height, 177.0 ± 6.0 cm; mass, 77.7 ± 6.7 kg) participated. Testing was performed under five injection conditions to the ATF and CF regions: 1 ml saline, 1 ml lidocaine, 3 ml saline, 3 ml lidocaine or no injection. Following injection condition, traditional ankle taping was applied. Electromyography patterns of the PL, PB, MG and TA were collected while subjects performed continuous lateral jumps on a custom-built device which elicited an ankle inversion perturbation and treadmill running (3.35 m s(-1), 0.5 % incline).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were demonstrated in muscle activation patterns of the PL (n.s.), PB (n.s.), MG (n.s.) or TA (n.s.) for any variable across injected conditions during both tasks. Statistical power was 0.214-0.526 for the PL, 0.087-0.638 for the PB, 0.115-0.560 for the MG and 0.118-0.410 for the TA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection of lidocaine up to 3 ml to the ATF and CF regions did not suppress muscle activity of the PL, PB, MG or TA during the inversion perturbation or running tasks. Injection up to 3 ml of 1 % lidocaine to the ATF and CF regions may be used without sacrificing the muscle activation patterns about the ankle. This finding is clinically relevant since the use of the injection does not put the patient at any higher risk of reinjury to the site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Abt
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Akins
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pederson
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lephart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000842:Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine