title: Sensory regulation of the C. elegans germline through TGF-β-dependent signaling in the niche.
abstract: The proliferation/differentiation balance of stem and progenitor cell populations must respond to the physiological needs of the organism [1, 2]. Mechanisms underlying this plasticity are not well understood. The C. elegans germline provides a tractable system to study the influence of the environment on progenitor cells (stem cells and their proliferative progeny). Germline progenitors accumulate during larval stages to form an adult pool from which gametes are produced. Notch pathway signaling from the distal tip cell (DTC) niche to the germline maintains the progenitor pool [3-5], and the larval germline cell cycle is boosted by insulin/IGF-like receptor signaling [6]. Here we show that, independent of its role in the dauer decision, TGF-β regulates the balance of proliferation versus differentiation in the C. elegans germline in response to sensory cues that report population density and food abundance. Ciliated ASI sensory neurons are required for TGF-β-mediated expansion of the larval germline progenitor pool, and the TGF-β receptor pathway acts in the germline stem cell niche. TGF-β signaling thereby couples germline development to the quality of the environment, providing a novel cellular and molecular mechanism linking sensory experience of the environment to reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Genetics Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Helen and Martin Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalfó
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michaelson
authors.forename: E Jane Albert
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hubbard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010675:Pheromones / Q000502:physiology; D011156:Population Density; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055153:Stem Cell Niche; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C108738:DAF-3 protein, C elegans; C060620:Glp-1 protein, C elegans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010675:Pheromones; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta