title: Inflammation-hemostasis relationship in infected malnourished mice: modulatory effect of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The coagulation system is considered part of the defense machinery, but its excessive activation can lead to additional damage. We studied the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431--a probiotic bacterium--on the activation of coagulation and the relationship with inflammatory parameters during a respiratory infection in malnourished mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Malnourished Swiss albino mice were nourished with a balanced commercial diet (BCD) for 7 days or BCD with L. casei for the last 2 days (BCD + Lc). BCD, BCD + Lc, malnourished (MNC) and well-nourished controls (WNC) were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained at different times post-infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malnutrition altered most of the evaluated parameters before and after infection. The repletion diet with supplemental L. casei was the most effective in limiting coagulation activation and normalizing coagulation inhibition mechanisms. These findings will help develop further strategies to reduce the damaging effects of clotting and enhance its beneficial contribution to immune reactions.
authors.affiliation: Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zelaya
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laiño
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agüero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006487:Hemostasis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood*; D051379:Mice; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000097:blood*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein