title: Chest radiological findings of influenza A H1N1 pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to review chest radiographs (CXR) and chest computer tomography (CT) findings in patients with influenza A H1N1 virus pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of ninety-eight patients with influenza A H1N1 infections seen in the General Hospitals of Villa Scassi, Genoa, and Sestri Levante from September 2009 to December 2009, twenty-eight developed pneumonia. The initial CXR were evaluated for radiological patterns: (ground-glass, consolidation, nodules, reticulation), distribution, and extent of the disease. Chest CT scans were reviewed for the same findings. A new radiographic score (CXR score) was used to evaluate the severity of the illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predominant radiological findings on chest CT in the patients at presentation were unilateral or bilateral multifocal ground glass opacities (84.5% of the patients). Consolidation areas had a peribronchovascular and subpleural predominance and were found mainly in the middle and upper zones of the lung. Reticular opacities were found in about 20% of the cases. The most outstanding CXR and chest CT features of the disease were basal and axial alveolar consolidation and ground-glass opacities. The severity of disease as determinate by need for mechanical ventilation was greater in patients with a greater number of lobes involved and a higher CXR score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral ground-glass opacities and areas of consolidation were the predominant radiological findings of influenza A (H1N1) virus pneumonia. Multifocal bilateral opacities and CXR score are strictly correlated with the severity of the illness.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases Unit, Hospital of Sestri Levante, Sestri Levante, Italy. antonellonicolini@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Senarega
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari-Bravo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed