title: Tolerance and bioaccumulation of copper by the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. exposed to various copper-based fungicides.
abstract: This work evaluates for the first time the relationships between copper-tolerance, -solubilization and -bioaccumulation in the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana exposed to Bordeaux mixture, copper oxychloride or copper hydroxide. Bordeaux mixture was highly detrimental to fungus, by inhibiting the growth totally at the recommended dose (RD) and 2×RD. Copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride were found to be less toxic, reducing fungus growth, sporulation and conidial germination in an average of 29  %, 30 % and 58 %, respectively. These two copper forms were the easiest to solubilize, to precipitate and the most accumulated by B. bassiana, suggesting the involvement of all these processes on fungus copper-tolerance.
authors.affiliation: CIMO/School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854, Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Maria Elisa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: José Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lourdes Bastos
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baptista
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D052982:Beauveria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006878:Hydroxides; C508959:copper hydroxide; C007120:copper oxychloride; D003300:Copper; C006788:Bordeaux mixture