title: Protective effects of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid on experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid (ISA) is a derivative of shikimic acid (SA). SA is extracted from Illicium verum Hook.fil., which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and used for treating vomiting, stomach aches, insomnia, skin inflammation, and rheumatic pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects and the protective mechanism of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid on experimental colitis model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis in rats was induced by colonic administration with TNBS. ISA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administered for 12 days to experimental colitis rats. The inflammatory degree was assessed by macroscopic damage score, colon weight/length ratios (mg/cm), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities were measured with biochemical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ISA significantly ameliorated macroscopic damage, reduced colon weight/length ratios and the activity of MPO, depressed MDA and NO levels and iNOS activity, and enhanced GSH level, and GSH-Px and SOD activities in the colon tissues of experimental colitis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the effect of ISA (200 mg/kg) was as effective as sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study demonstrate the protective effect of ISA on experimental colitis, probably due to an antioxidant action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. xajdxjf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Jian-Ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jin-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Cui-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Ya-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: C479295:3,4-oxoisopropylideneshikimic acid; D012765:Shikimic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione