title: Hepatoprotective activity of Indian Phyllanthus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) species are traditionally well-known for their medicinal properties including hepatoprotective activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study assessed the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of 11 Phyllanthus species, P. amarus Schumach., P. urinaria L., P. debilis Klein ex Willd, P. tenellus Roxb., P. virgatus G. Forst., P. maderaspatensis L., P. reticulatus Poir., P. polyphyllus Willd., P. emblica L., P. indofischerii Bennet. and P. acidus (L.) Skeels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dried leaves and stems of each plant species were extracted in methanol and successively in water. The extracts were screened for hepatoprotective activity at a concentration of 50 µg/mL against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BH) induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. Seven extracts from five species that showed hepatoprotective activity were assessed for their 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) values and their antioxidant activity using a DPPH assay. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin contents were also determined in these Phyllanthus species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methanol extracts of P. polyphyllus, P. emblica and P. indofischeri showed high levels of hepatoprotective activity with EC₅₀ values of 12, 19 and 28 µg/mL and IC₅₀ of 3.77, 3.38 and 5.8 µg/mL for DPPH scavenging activity respectively against an IC₅₀ of 3.69 µg/mL for ascorbic acid. None of these activities could be attributed to phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of P. indofischeri are demonstrated for the first time in literature. The study also confirms the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of leaves of P. emblica and P. polyphyllus. The molecule(s) responsible for the activities is being investigated.
authors.affiliation: School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srirama
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Deepak
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Senthilkumar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravikanth
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Gurumurthy
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shivanna
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: R Uma
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Shaanker
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D017705:Lignans / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D029803:Phyllanthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017705:Lignans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D012997:Solvents; C512682:hypophyllanthin; C517985:phyllanthin; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D000432:Methanol