title: Fast gated EPR imaging of the beating heart: spatiotemporally resolved 3D imaging of free-radical distribution during the cardiac cycle.
abstract: In vivo or ex vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is a powerful technique for determining the spatial distribution of free radicals and other paramagnetic species in living organs and tissues. However, applications of EPRI have been limited by long projection acquisition times and the consequent fact that rapid gated EPRI was not possible. Hence in vivo EPRI typically provided only time-averaged information. In order to achieve direct gated EPRI, a fast EPR acquisition scheme was developed to decrease EPR projection acquisition time down to 10-20 ms, along with corresponding software and instrumentation to achieve fast gated EPRI of the isolated beating heart with submillimeter spatial resolution in as little as 2-3 min. Reconstructed images display temporal and spatial variations of the free-radical distribution, anatomical structure, and contractile function within the rat heart during the cardiac cycle.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Levy A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Murugesan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velayutham
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samouilov
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zweier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals