title: Antiabortion violence in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to determine if an association exists between the amount of harassment and violence directed against abortion providers and the restrictiveness of state laws relating to family planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used responses from a July 2010 survey of 357 abortion providers in 50 states to determine their experience of antiabortion harassment and violence. Their responses were grouped and analyzed in relation to a published grading of state laws in the United States (A, B, C, D and F) as they relate to restrictions on family planning services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group by group comparison of respondents illustrates that the difference in the number of reported incidents of minor vandalism by group is statistically significant (A vs. C, p=.07; A vs. D, p=.017; A vs. F, p=.0002). Incidents of harassment follow a similar pattern. There were no differences noted overall for violence or major vandalism. Major violence, including eight murders, is a new occurrence in the last two decades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Harassment of abortion providers in the United States has an association with the restrictiveness of state abortion laws. In the last two decades, murder of abortion providers has become an unfortunate part of the violence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3180, USA. russo.jennefer@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jennefer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Mitchell D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Creinin
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012919:Social Behavior; D014481:United States; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*