title: Fluoride enhances the activity of fungicides that destabilize cell membranes.
abstract: Fluoride has long been known to inhibit bacterial and fungal cell growth most likely by blocking the functions of key metabolic enzymes. In this study, we demonstrate that antifungal compounds that disrupt cell membrane integrity exhibit improved ability to inhibit cell growth when used with millimolar concentrations of fluoride. Specifically, antifungal compounds of the polyene class and an antifungal peptide exhibit synergy with fluoride to inhibit the growth of various fungal species, including Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate that certain compounds can be found that increase the cellular uptake of fluoride, and provide new opportunities for creating antimicrobial compounds whose functions are enhanced when combined with otherwise sub-inhibitory concentrations of small ions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.
authors.forename: Sanshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ronald R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Breaker
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011090:Polyenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D011090:Polyenes; D005459:Fluorides