title: A higher rate of eating is associated with higher circulating interluekin-1β concentrations in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we examined the relations between the rate of eating and circulating interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of 170 men 40 to 59 y old (mean ± standard deviation, 51.4 ± 5.7 y old) who participated in health checkups in Japan and were not being treated for metabolic diseases. We measured clinical serum parameters and plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations and assessed by questionnaire lifestyle factors such as the dietary intake of food/nutrition and the rate of eating. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, we analyzed the relations between the rate of eating and IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations, clinical parameters, and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant Spearman correlation coefficients with the rate of eating were observed for IL-1β and IL-6 (0.250 and 0.195, respectively). The rate of eating was positively associated with IL-1β independently of IL-6, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, alcohol intake, energy intake, smoking status, and physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that a higher rate of eating is positively and independently associated with circulating IL-1β concentrations in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Global COE Program, University of Shizuoka, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Yasumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Misaki
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takabe
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Kiyonori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuriki
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Toshinao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goda
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6