title: Arjunolic acid: beneficial role in type 1 diabetes and its associated organ pathophysiology.
abstract: In this review article, we describe the most recent development of the beneficial effect of arjunolic acid (AA) in reducing type 1 diabetic pathophysiology. Diabetic mellitus is a serious and growing health problem worldwide. Increasing evidence suggest that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications. Use of antioxidant supplements as a complimentary therapeutic approach in diabetes has, therefore, been seriously considered worldwide. AA, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, is well known for various biological functions including antioxidant activity. It could prevent the increased production of ROS, RNS, AGEs, and the 8OHdG/2dG ratio and increase the intracellular antioxidant defence system. Signal transduction studies showed that AA could prevent hyperglycaemia induced activation of MAPKs, PKC, NF-κB signalling cascades and apoptotic cell death. Combining, AA supplements could be regarded as beneficial therapeutics in the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Prasenjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: Parames C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014315:Triterpenes; C061640:arjunolic acid; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases