title: Exposure to supernatants of macrophages that phagocytized dead mesenchymal stem cells improves hypoxic cardiomyocytes survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the impact of supernatants from macrophages that phagocytized dead MSCs (pMΦ) on the survival of hypoxic cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of mice and dead MSCs were harvested after 6h hypoxia. Macrophages were obtained from thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal cavity. Macrophages and dead MSCs were co-cultured for 2 days in the presence or absence of LPS (1 μg/ml). Cardiomyocytes obtained from neonatal mice were exposed to various medium including supernatants from pMΦ. MTT cell proliferation assay and mitochondria membrane potential were used to evaluate the viability of cardiomyocytes. Cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, PGE2, VEGF-α, Ang-1, KGF, IGF-1, PDGF-BB, and EPO) in culture medium of macrophages, MSCs and pMΦ were detected by ELISA and Real-Time-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  phagocytic activity of macrophages to dMSC was significantly enhanced by LPS. PGE2, VEGF-α, Ang-1, KGF, IGF-1, PDGF-BB, and EPO levels were significantly increased in supernatants of pMΦ. Exposure to supernatants of pMΦ significantly improved viability and survival time of hypoxic cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to supernatants of pMΦ significantly improved viability and survival time of hypoxic cardiomyocytes, which might be linked to increased cytokines and chemokines secretion by pMΦ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao tong University 1665#, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yuyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: XiaoLi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Genshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chengxing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines