title: [Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS): Validation in a Greek general hospital sample].
abstract: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been translated and widely used in several countries to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. Material-Method The HADS was administered to 521 participants (275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of Internal Medicine and Surgical Departments). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used as "gold standards" for depression and anxiety respectively. Results The HADS presented high internal consistency; Cronbach's α=0.884 (0.829 for anxiety and 0.840 for depression) and stability (test-retest Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.944). Factor analysis showed a two-factor structure. The HADS showed high concurrent validity; the correlations of the scale and its subscales with the BDI and the STAI were high (0.722-0.749).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Greek version of HADS showed good psychometric properties and could prove as a good tool for clinicians to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, 'Attikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Michopoulos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalkavoura
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michalopoulou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fineti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalemi
authors.forename: Ml
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Psarra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gournellis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douzenis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patapis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Protopapas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lykouras