title: Longitudinal evolution of risk of coronary heart disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To produce evidence on the longitudinal evolution of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on data for 115 patients from the Montreal General Hospital Lupus Clinic (1971-2003) and for 4367 control subjects from the Framingham Offspring Study (1971-1994), we investigated the temporal evolution of total serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, and estimated risk for CHD (reflecting the balance of changes in different risk factors). In analyses limited to patients with SLE, we assessed the effect of SLE duration on each risk factor, adjusting for age, calendar time, sex, baseline level of the risk factor, and medication use. Next, we assessed how the adjusted difference in the values of the risk factors between SLE and controls changes over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients with SLE, longer disease duration was independently associated with higher SBP and blood glucose levels. Compared with controls, these patients appeared to have accelerated rates of increase in total cholesterol, blood glucose, and overall estimated CHD risk. The rate of increase in BMI was lower in patients with SLE than in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated CHD risk in patients with SLE appears to be at least partially mediated by accelerated increases in some CHD risk factors, longitudinal trajectories of which increasingly diverge over time from those of population controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. igor.karp.1@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrahamowicz
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fortin
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pilote
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pineau
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Esdaile
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors