title: Anatomical variations of trabecular bone structure in intraoral radiographs using fractal and particles count analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate possible variations in maxillary and mandibular bone texture of normal population using the fractal analysis, particles count, and area fraction in intraoral radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periapical radiographs of patients who had full mouth intraoral radiographs were collected. Regions of interest (100×100 pixels) were located between the teeth of the maxillary anterior, premolar, and molar area, as well as the mandibular anterior, premolar, and molar areas. The fractal dimension (FD) was calculated by using the box counting method. The particle count (PC) and area fraction (AF) analyses were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the FD values among the different groups of age, gender, upper, and lower jaws. The mean FD value was 1.49±0.01. The mean PC ranged from 44 to 54, and the mean AF ranged from 10.92 to 11.85. The values of FD, PC, and AF were significantly correlated with each other except for the upper molar area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results, patients with normal trabecular pattern showed a FD of approximately 1.5. Based on these results, further investigation would be recommended if the FD value of patient significantly differenct from this number, since the alteration of this value indicates microstructural modification of trabecular pattern of the jaws. Additionally, with periapical radiographs, simple and cost-effective, PC and AF could be used to assess the deviation from the normal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, El Menia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maha Eshak
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benavides