title: Large variations of global functioning over five years in treated patients with personality traits and disorders.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the long-term course of global functioning in patients with personality disorders (PD) and investigate predictors of variation. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) was repeated over five years in 352 patients with PDs of varying severity, all treated in psychotherapeutic day hospitals. Growth models were used for statistical analysis. Large variations in the long-term course of global functioning were evident in this clinical sample. At five-year follow-up, 46% reached a GAF-score above 60 with a mean GAF-score of 71. Their linear change-rate over the five years was estimated to be 4.4 GAF points per year. The average five-year GAF-score for the remaining subgroup (54%) was 50 and their linear yearly change-rate was 0.8 GAF points. Greater relief of symptom distress and interpersonal problems was typical of patients with functional improvement. The number of avoidant PD criteria was associated with slower functional change.
authors.affiliation: Research Group at the Department for Personality Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway. elfridak@online.no
authors.forename: Elfrida Hartveit
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kvarstein
authors.forename: Sigmund
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karterud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012951:Socialization; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult