title: Epidemiology of fragility fractures in Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to calculate the incidence of major fragility fractures in Italy, including those which do not result systematically in hospital admissions, on the basis of hospitalization rates provided in our previous researches.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed Italian national hospital discharge data from year 2004 to 2006 in order to determine age- and sex-specific incidence rates of hip, vertebral, humeral, and forearm fractures occurred in people aged 40 to 100 years of age. Re-hospitalizations of the same patients have been excluded from the analysis. Hospital discharge data have been adjusted taking into account recently published information concerning fracture-specific hospitalization rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We estimated a total of 88,647 hip fractures in year 2006 among people aged 40 to 100 years old, with a +5.9% increase across the three examined years. Women aged >75 years old (n=53,259) accounted for 60% of total fractures observed both in males and females from 40 to 100 years of age. Concerning males, the highest incidence was observed between 80 and 84 years old (about 5,000 hip fractures). Overall incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants computed for hip fractures was 284.28, with marked age- and sex-specific differences. Clinical vertebral fractures were estimated to be almost 61,000 in 2006, with a +3.1% increase across the three examined years. Overall incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants computed for clinical vertebral fractures was 195.23, but this value doubled between 75 and 95 years of age. In the same year 2006, a total of 56,129 humeral and 97038 forearm/wrist fractures, with a +5.5% and +3.9% increase across three years, respectively. Overall humeral fractures incidence per 100,000 was 180, with highest rates (up to 600 and over) observed in women between 75 and 95 years of age, while incidence per 100,000 computed for wrist fractures was 311, with top values observed in women between aged 55-85 years old - thus including early post-menopausal age group - and a peak in those between 75 and 79 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of major osteoporotic fractures in Italy is very high. Preventive strategies aimed to reduce fractures incidence should be carried out at regional level.
authors.affiliation: University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Prisco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chitano
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Argentiero
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neglia
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Distante
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saturnino
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tarantino