title: Dose-response model of murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi): time post inoculation and host age dependency analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rickettsia typhi (R. mooseri) is the causative agent of murine typhus. It is one of the most widely distributed flea-borne diseases with a relatively mild febrile initial illness with six to 14 days of incubation period. The bacterium is gram negative and an obligate intracellular pathogen. The disease is transmitted to humans and vertebrate host through fleabites or via contact with infected feces. This paper develops dose-response models of different routes of exposure for typhus in rodents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from published articles were analyzed using parametric dose-response relationship models. Dose-response relationships were fit to data using the method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-response models quantifying the effects of different ages of rats and time post inoculation in BALB/c mice were analyzed in the study. Both the adult rats (inoculated intradermally) and newborn rats (inoculated subcutaneously) were best fit by exponential models and both distributions could be described by a single dose-response relationship. The BALB/C mice inoculated subcutaneously were best fit by Beta-Poisson models. The time post inoculation analysis showed that there was a definite time and response relationship existed in this case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intradermally or subcutaneously inoculated rats (adult and newborn) models suggest that less than 1 plaque-forming unit (PFU) (1.33 to 0.38 in 95% confidence limits) of the pathogen is enough to seroconvert 50% of the exposed population on average. For the BALB/c mouse time post inoculation model, an average dose of 0.28 plaque-forming units (PFU) (0.75 to 0.11 in 95% confidence limits) will seroconvert 50% of the exposed mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 10104, USA. sbt26@glink.drexel.edu
authors.forename: Sushil B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tamrakar
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sondra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Teske
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015233:Models, Statistical; D051381:Rats; D012286:Rickettsia typhi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014437:Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial