title: Analysis of Orders for QTc-Prolonging Medication for Intensive and Cardiac Care Unit Patients with Pre-existing QTc Prolongation (QTIPPP Study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prolonged QTc interval on electrocardiography is often used as a surrogate marker for ventricular arrhythmia. Medications that can prolong the QTc interval may increase the risk of cardiac complications, although the exact incidence is unknown. It is reasonable to assume that administration of QTc-prolonging medications to patients with pre-existing QTc prolongation will further increase the risk of cardiac consequences. This study was designed to examine the frequency of prescription of QTc-prolonging medications in such patients and to explore the potential for clinical pharmacists to minimize the associated risks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective was to identify the number of patients with pre-existing prolonged QTc interval for whom QTc-prolonging medications were prescribed, from among all patients with orders for QTc-prolonging medications. The secondary objectives were to determine patterns of intervention by clinical pharmacists in these cases and to document any further QTc prolongation and occurrence of cardiac events.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational, quality assessment study was conducted over 4.5 months. Adult patients admitted to beds with cardiac monitoring by telemetry for whom one or more QTc-prolonging medications were ordered were eligible for inclusion. Patients were included if the QTc interval was longer than 450 ms on the most recent 12-lead electrocardiogram before the QTc-prolonging medication was ordered. These patients were followed to identify outcomes of interest after administration of QTc-prolonging medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, a QTc-prolonging medication was prescribed for 207 patients. Of these, 53 patients (26%) had pre-existing prolongation of the QTc interval. Clinical pharmacists made recommendations related to 28 medication orders; of these, 16 (57%) were accepted by the physician. Fifty-one (96%) of the 53 patients received at least one dose of QTc-prolonging medication and were monitored daily for complications. Nine (18%) of the 51 patients who underwent daily monitoring experienced at least one cardiac event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial proportion (26%) of patients for whom QTc-prolonging medications were prescribed had pre-existing prolongation of the QTc interval. Clinical pharmacists may have a role in reducing the risk of subsequent complications.
authors.affiliation: , BSc(Pharm), ACPR, PharmD, is Clinical Pharmacy Practice Leader for Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services (Fraser Health, Providence Health Care, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver Coastal Health), Burnaby Hospital, Burnaby, British Columbia. He is also a Clinical Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Vincent H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Mabasa
authors.forename: Sayako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Damen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martyn