title: Atlanto-axial instability in achondroplastic dwarfs: a report of two cases and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achondroplasia is the commonest form of human dwarfism. The authors report atlanto-axial instability, in consequence to os odontoideum in this subgroup of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two achondroplastic dwarfs harboring atlanto-axial dislocation are described along with radiological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both children underwent successful internal rigid immobilization, using sublaminar atlanto-axial wiring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Craniovertebral junction instability should be evaluated among these children, whenever foramen magnum insufficiency is being considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. sandeepneuro@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohindra
authors.forename: Manjul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D000130:Achondroplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*