title: Application of Choynowski's Memory Scale in assessment of patients with dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuropsychological assessment of patients with dementia necessitates the use of varied memory tasks designed to measure different memory processes, including information memorization, retention and retrieval. A valid memory battery should be demonstrated to discriminate between demented and non-demented subjects and its scores should be related to the degree of intellectual impairment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential usefulness of Choynowski's Memory Scale in assessment of patients with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with dementia and 64 age- and gender- matched healthy controls took part in the study. All participants were examined by means of Choynowski's Memory Scale, and the patients were additionally assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test (CDT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subtests of Choynowski's Memory Scale were found to highly significantly (p ≤ 0.001) discriminate between patients with dementia and healthy controls. Except for Digit Span, all other subtests of Choynowski's battery were highly correlated with the global mental status as assessed by MMSE with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.59 to 0.81. Most subtests of Choynowski's Memory Scale were also moderately or highly correlated with performance on the CDT, and the correlations coefficients between the total score on Memory Scale and the CDT were r = 0.66 and r = 0.61 (p ≤ 0.001) for the free recall drawing and copying, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Choynowski's Memory Scale showed high discriminative properties and strong associations with the degree of intellectual impairment in dementia. The results encourage the use of this battery in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janowski
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gustaw
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasprowicz