title: Inhibitory effects of chloroform extracts derived from Corbicula fluminea on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
abstract: Corbicula fluminea, the primary freshwater bivalve cultivated in Taiwan, was formerly used as a remedy for hepatitis. Recent reports indicate that C. fluminea has many bioactivities, but it remains unknown whether C. fluminea affects inflammation. This study explored the anti-inflammatory activity of C. fluminea. C. fluminea was first treated with chloroform to obtain clam chloroform extracts (CCEs). On the basis of the assay for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, the results show that the CCEs significantly lowered the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the CCEs reduced LPS-induced organ damage. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that CCEs inhibit the LPS-induced mRNA expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Western blot analysis indicated that the CCEs increased expression of IκB and attenuated the phosphorylation of IκB. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry suggests that phytosterols and fatty acids are responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of CCEs. Taken together, CCEs have the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory functional food.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ching-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Nu-Man
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yen-Ku
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Ru-Ping
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kuang-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002725:Chloroform; D049874:Corbicula / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002725:Chloroform