title: Early neuropsychiatric involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuropsychiatric symptoms may be the main manifestations and very early symptoms of developing autoimmune diseases. Early detection and treatment could reverse psychotic symptoms and restore cognitive function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24-year-old woman presented with acute psychotic symptoms. Routine physical examinations revealed only mild fever. Due to positive antiphospholipid antibodies, low protein S with elevated d-dimer and brain hypoperfusion, early-phase antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was suspected. Early immunomodulation treatment led to complete remission of the psychotic symptoms, preservation of cognitive function and prevention of APS progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since early detection and treatment can reverse the progression of autoimmune diseases with central nervous system involvement, these should be highlighted when managing high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital 11080, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jou-Yin
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Po-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hsi-Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Been
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010259:Paranoid Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult