title: Experimental methods for phase equilibria at high pressures.
abstract: Knowledge of high-pressure phase equilibria is crucial in many fields, e.g., for the design and optimization of high-pressure chemical and separation processes, carbon capture and storage, hydrate formation, applications of ionic liquids, and geological processes. This review presents the variety of methods to measure phase equilibria at high pressures and, following a classification, discusses the measurement principles, advantages, challenges, and error sources. Examples of application areas are given. A detailed knowledge and understanding of the different methods is fundamental not only for choosing the most suitable method for a certain task but also for the evaluation of experimental data. The discrepancy between the (sometimes low) true accuracy of published experimental data and the (high) accuracy claimed by authors is addressed. Some essential requirements for the generation of valuable experimental results are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Property Data and Thermodynamics, Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany. ralf.dohrn@bayer.com
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dohrn
authors.forename: José M S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peper
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide