title: Comparisons of 30-day mortalities and 90-day functional recoveries after first and recurrent primary intracerebral hemorrhage attacks: a multiple-institute retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine and compare 30-day mortalities and 90-day functional recoveries after first and recurrent primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) attacks. The investigators sought to identify factors predisposing 30-day mortality and functional recovery and to compare patients after first and recurrent PICH attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 1856 PICH patients treated in Samsung Changwon Hospital and Dong-A University Medical Center from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these 1856 patients, 1499 were included. Mean patient age was 66.4 ± 16.3 years, and there were 742 male patients (49.5%). Recurrent PICH occurred in 142 (9.5%) patients. Thirty-day mortality was 13.6% for first PICH patients and 14.1% for recurrent PICH patients (P = 0.824). Good functional recovery at 90 days after ictus was achieved by 52.2% of first PICH patients and by 31.0% of recurrent patients (P = 0.003). In both groups, multivariate analysis showed that unconsciousness, pupillary abnormality, surgery, and underlying disease were associated with high mortality, and that consciousness, a lobal location, a small hemorrhagic volume, and conservative treatment were associated with good functional recovery. After excluding recurrent patients with a previous moderate to severe disability due to the sequelae of PICH, no difference was found between the first (25.1%) and recurrent groups (19.0%) in terms of functional recovery (P = 0.083).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factors found to predispose clinical outcome were similar in the two groups. This study shows that given optimal treatment, recurrent PICH patients can achieve the same clinical outcomes as first PICH patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Zoon
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012008:Recurrence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome