title: Synthesis of solasodine glycoside derivatives and evaluation of their cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells.
abstract: Solasodine glycosides, such as solamargine, have been proved to be very important anti-cancer agents. In order to discover more potent cytotoxic agents and explore the preliminary structure activity relationship, a new series of solasodine glycosides 2-9 were synthesized via a transglycosylation strategy, and their cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, KB, K562, and PC3 cells) were evaluated by MTT assays. The results indicated that compounds 2, 8, and 9 with the substitute moiety of rhamnose, 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl, and 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yloxy-methyl, respectively, exhibited quite strong anticancer activity. The underlying mechanism tests demonstrated that these compounds could induce apoptosis detected by DAPI staining, and Annexin V and propidium iodide binding. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the cancer cells were predominantly arrested at the G2/M phase when exposure to these compounds was examined by flow cytometry. These compounds may serve as lead candidates in the development of novel chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: H X
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D006027:Glycosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059566:M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D006027:Glycosides; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids; C012037:solasodine