title: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning attenuated sepsis induced lung inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate the differential protective effects of isoflurane or sevoflurane on lung inflammation in a rat model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two rats were assigned to control, sevoflurane, or isoflurane groups. At 2 and 4 h, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitrate/nitrate levels (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined. At 12 and 24 h, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and histologic changes were evaluated. Survival was monitored for 7 d after CLP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sevoflurane (75%) and isoflurane (63%) significantly improved survival rate compared with control rats (38%). When sevoflurane and isoflurane groups were compared, sevoflurane pretreatment showed significant decrease in NO at 2 h [1045 (803-1274)/1570 (1174-2239) and 4 h [817 (499-1171)/1493 (794-2080)]; increase in TAC at 4 h [580.0 (387-751)/320 (239-512)]; decrease in MDA at 12 h [2.5 (1.1-4.2)/5.4 (4-73)] and 24 h [10.8 (6.0-14.0)/15.9 (9-28)]; and decrease in MPO at 24 h [145.8 (81-260)/232 (148-346)]. The difference in the ICAM-1 expression of the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups was not significant at both measurement times. The architectural integrity of the alveoli was preserved in all the groups. The injury scores of the three groups at 12 and 24 h did not show any significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both sevoflurane and isoflurane attenuated inflammatory response, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, sevoflurane was more effective in modulating sepsis induced inflammatory response at the chosen concentration in sepsis model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. nurbedirli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bedirli
authors.forename: Canan Yilmaz
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Demirtas
authors.forename: Taylan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alper
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedirli
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pasaoglu
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000293:injuries; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D015996:Survival Rate; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014951:Wounds, Stab
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007530:Isoflurane; D009195:Peroxidase