title: Implications of a reduction in the hemoglobin target in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-treated hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to a hemoglobin (Hb) level >12.0 g/dl have increased risk of multiple complications, including death. The optimal Hb target for ESA use has not been established. We hypothesized that reducing the target Hb would prevent levels >12 g/dl and lead to significant cost savings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our target Hb range was reduced to 9-11 g/dl from 10-12 g/dl. Thirty-five chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients received erythropoietin (EPO) and intravenous iron from January to December 2009. Data analysis included: Hb level, EPO dose, transferrin saturation and ferritin levels. EPO was administered via subcutaneous injection weekly or twice weekly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean monthly Hb level changed from 11.2 to 10.6 g/dl. The percentages of patients with mean Hb >10.0, 12.0 and 13.0 g/dl were 82 ± 6.5, 10 ± 5.6 and 1.8 ± 1.9%, respectively. Weekly EPO dose decreased from 9,500 to 5,600 units, a 40% reduction per dose per patient and costs. The savings exceeded USD 60,000 per year for 35 patients. More than 80% of patients had transferrin saturation >20% and ferritin >200 ng/ml throughout the entire period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lowering the target Hb range to 9-11 g/dl in HD patients achieved quality anemia management, avoided values >12.0 g/dl and resulted in cost savings. A minimal reduction in quality of life and no change in cardiovascular morbidity or mortality would be expected. The study has important implications in the new American bundled reimbursement model.
authors.affiliation: Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences-Long Island University and Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA.
authors.forename: Timothy V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Goldfarb