title: A randomized controlled trial of CBT therapy for adults with ADHD with and without medication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies of psychological treatment in adults with ADHD have not controlled for medication status and include either medicated participants or mixed samples of medicated and unmedicated participants. The objective of this study is to examine whether use of medication improves outcome of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary analysis comparing 23 participants randomized to CBT and Dextroamphetamine vs. 25 participants randomized to CBT and placebo. Both patients and investigators were blind to treatment assignment. Two co-primary outcomes were used: ADHD symptoms on the ADHD-RS-Inv completed by the investigator and improvement in functioning as reported by the patient on the Sheehan Disability Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups showed robust improvement in both symptoms and functioning, but the use of medication did not significantly improve outcome over and above use of CBT and placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study replicates previous work demonstrating that CBT is an effective treatment for ADHD in adults. Within the limits of this pilot, secondary analysis we were not able to demonstrate that medication significantly augments the outcome of CBT therapy for adults with ADHD. The study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Trials Registry #GSK707.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, 1488 Gordon Ave, West Vancouver, BC V7T 1R6, Canada. Margaret.weiss@me.com
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Candice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasdell
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hechtman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003913:Dextroamphetamine