title: Clinical features of bipolar disorder comorbid with anxiety disorders differ between men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxiety disorders are commonly comorbid with bipolar disorder (BP) and may worsen course of illness, but differential impact of specific anxiety disorders in men and women remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the impact of comorbid panic disorder (PD), social phobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 460 women and 276 men with Bipolar I Disorder (BPI) or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type from the National Institute of Mental Health Bipolar Genetics Initiative. We compared clinical characteristics in BP with and without each anxiety disorder in men and women separately correcting for family relatedness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comorbid PD, OCD, and specific phobia were more common in women with BP than men. Comorbid social phobia correlated with increased risk of alcohol abuse in BP women, but not men. Women with comorbid PD attended fewer years of school. Comorbidity with OCD was associated with earlier age at the onset of BP for both genders. Comorbid PD, OCD, and specific phobia were associated with more antidepressant trials in BP, across both genders, compared to BP patients without these anxiety disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In BP, comorbid anxiety disorders are associated with increased risk for functional impairment, and women had differently associated risks than men. Clinicians should be aware of an increased risk for comorbid PD, OCD, and specific phobia in women with BP, and an increased risk of alcohol abuse in women with BD and comorbid social phobia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. esaunders@hmc.psu.edu
authors.forename: Erika F H
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Kate D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Melvin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McInnis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors