title: Antihepatitis B virus constituents of Solanum erianthum.
abstract: Eleven compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Solanum erianthum D. Don, including five alpha-linolenic acid analogs, alpha-linolenic acid (1), 13S-hydroxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (2), 9S-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z), 15(Z)-octadectrienoic acid (3), 9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (4), and octadecanoic acid (5); two benzofuran-type lactones, loliolide (6) and dihydroactinidiolide (7); two steroidal alkaloids, solasonine (8) and solamargine (9); a flavonol glycoside, camelliaside C (10); and a flavone, 5-methoxy-(3,4"-dihydro-3",4"-diacetoxy)-2",2'-dimethylpyrano-(7,8:5",6")-flavone (11). Among these isolated compounds, 9 showed the most potent activity against HBsAg, with an IC50 of 1.57 microM, followed by 8 (IC50 is 5.89 microM). In the testing against HBeAg, 11 was the only active compound with an IC50 of 36.11 microM. Compound 9 also revealed strong inhibition of DNA replication towards HBV and its IC50 was 2.17 microM. However, alpha-linolenic acid (1) showed a prominent selected index (SI), both in anti-HBsAg and inhibition of DNA replication with SI values of 7.75 and 7.18, respectively. This is the first report that unsaturated fatty acid 1, steroidal alkaloid glycoside 9 and flavone 11, all showed excellent activity against HBV. These results provide lead candidates in the development of anti-HBV drugs from natural sources.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biodiversity and Graduate Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shen-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Tsurng-Juhn
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: En-Hung
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chun-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chang-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015394:Molecular Structure; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D047309:Flavones; D006027:Glycosides