title: Does personality predict driving performance in middle and older age? An evidence-based literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a literature review of the relationship between personality and driving performance among middle-aged and older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched for relevant literature using Web of Science, PsycInfo, and PubMed and consulted with experts for recently published literature not yet catalogued in those databases. Using the American Academy of Neurology's classification criteria, we extracted data from 13 studies and assigned a class (I-IV) to each study. We grouped primary studies into 3 main categories of driving assessment (behavioral assessment: comprehensive driving evaluations, alternative on-road driving evaluations, driving simulations; automobile crashes: state-recorded crashes, self-reported crashes; self-report measures: self-reported driving behaviors). In all, we synthesized the relationship between personality and driving performance for middle-aged and older adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To assist clinicians and researchers in future considerations of the relationship between personality and driving performance, we provide specific evidence-based recommendations for several driving assessments: on-road driving evaluations (Level B), driving simulations (Level U), state-recorded crashes (Level C), self-reported crashes (Level C), and self-reported driving behaviors (Level C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, we found evidence for personality as a reliable predictor of driving performance among older drivers. However, 2 caveats qualify our conclusions: the research considered only a limited number of personality variables and largely consisted of less valid tests of driving performance. Therefore, to truly understand the relationship between personality and driving performance, future research must consider a wider range of individual differences and employ more stringent tests and methodological designs to measure driving performance.
authors.affiliation: Euromed Management, Rue Antoine Bourdel, BP 921, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. austinleenichols@gmail.com
authors.forename: Austin Lee
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Sherrilene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Classen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McPeek
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breiner
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D055815:Young Adult