title: Does central sleep apnea occur in children with syndromic craniosynostosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence and cause of central sleep apnea (CSA) and central sleep apnea syndrome (CAS) in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included ambulant sleep study data to assess, central apneas and obstructive apneas. Data on hindbrain herniation were obtained using cerebral magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred and thirty-eight syndromic craniosynostosis patients with a median (range) age of 7.8 (1.0-18.0) were included. Central apneas decreased significantly with increasing age (R=-0.25, p=0.003). An increased central apnea index according to the AASM was present in 5 of 138 patients (3.6%; median central apnea index 2.38 (1.12-3.04)). The prevalence of OSAS was 34%, but the median central apnea index in OSAS patients was not pathologically increased. Patients with hindbrain herniation did not have more central apneas compared to patients without hindbrain herniation (F=1.38, p=0.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no CSA syndrome in children with syndromic craniosynostosis despite white matter abnormalities, OSAS and hindbrain herniation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.driessen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: I M J
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Mathijssen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.forename: K F M
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Joosten
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000150:complications*; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000473:pathology; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric