title: Asynchrony, neural drive, ventilatory variability and COMFORT: NAVA versus pressure support in pediatric patients. A non-randomized cross-over trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) improves asynchrony, ventilatory drive, breath-to-breath variability and COMFORT score when compared to pressure support (PS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a non-randomized short-term cross-over trial in which 12 pediatric patients with asynchrony (auto-triggering, double triggering or non-triggered breaths) were enrolled. Four sequential 10-min periods of data were recorded after 20 min of ventilatory stabilization (wash-out) at each of the following settings: baseline PS with the ventilator settings determined by the attending physician (1-PS(b)); PS after optimization (2-PS(opt)); NAVA level set so that maximum inspiratory pressure (P(max)) equaled P(max) in PS (3-NAVA); same settings as in 2-PS(opt) (4-PS(opt)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median asynchrony index was significantly lower during NAVA (2.0%) than during 2-PS(opt) (8.5%, p = 0.017) and 4-PS(opt) (7.5%, p = 0.008). In NAVA mode, the NAVA trigger accounted on average for 66% of triggered breaths. The median trigger delay with respect to neural inspiratory time was significantly lower during NAVA (8.6%) than during 2-PS(opt) (25.2%, p = 0.003) and 4-PS(opt) (28.2%, p = 0.0005). The median electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) change during trigger delay normalized to maximum inspiratory EAdi difference was significantly lower during NAVA (5.3%) than during 2-PS(opt) (21.7%, p = 0.0005) and 4-PS(opt) (24.6%, p = 0.001). The coefficient of variation of tidal volume was significantly higher during NAVA (44.2%) than during 2-PS(opt) (19.8%, p = 0.0002) and 4-PS(opt) (23.0%, p = 0.0005). The median COMFORT score during NAVA (15.0) was lower than that during 2-PS(opt) (18.0, p = 0.0125) and 4-PS(opt) (17.5, p = 0.039). No significant changes for any variable were observed between 1-PS(b) and 2-PS(opt).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist as compared to optimized PS results in improved synchrony, reduced ventilatory drive, increased breath-to-breath mechanical variability and improved patient comfort.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (UCIP), Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain. poliva.hulp@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de la Oliva
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schüffelmann
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Zamora
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kacmarek
mesh_terms: D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D059725:Interactive Ventilatory Support / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D013030:Spain