title: Hyphenated techniques as tools for speciation analysis of metal-based pharmaceuticals: developments and applications.
abstract: Method development and applications of hyphenated techniques as tools for speciation analysis of metal-based pharmaceuticals are summarized within this review. Advantages and limitations of the separation modes-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and gas chromatography (GC)-as well as the detection modes-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-are discussed. ICP-MS detection is found to be advantageous for the quantification of drugs containing metals and other heteroatoms. The species-independent sensitivity and multielement capabilities of ICP-MS allow it to be used for quantification even when species-specific standards are not available, as well as to determine the stoichiometry in metallodrug-biomolecule interactions. Molecular information that is totally destroyed when ICP is applied as ionization source and is therefore not obtainable via ICP-MS detection can be accessed by the complementary technique of ESI-MS. Speciation analysis combining both elemental and molecular information is therefore a powerful tool for the analysis of metal-based pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in body fluids and other relevant matrices.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany. meermann@bafg.de
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meermann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sperling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations