title: The learning curve, accuracy, and interobserver agreement of endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for the differentiation of colorectal lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (eCLE) system allows in vivo imaging of colorectal epithelium. Little is known about the learning curve for accurate interpretation of confocal images acquired with eCLE.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the learning curve of eCLE, its diagnostic accuracy, and the intra- and interobserver agreement for the differentiation of colorectal lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post hoc assessment of selected eCLE images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved colonoscopic images from 47 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Learning curve of eCLE, accuracy, and intraobserver and interobserver agreement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three endoscopists received a short introduction to eCLE before evaluating 90 images. Observers assessed all eCLE images by using the Mainz classification. After each set of 30 images, the accuracy of each observer was assessed. The same procedure was repeated 6 months later by using the same set of images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post hoc assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant changes between the first set of 30 images and the 2 consecutive sets (P = .08 and P = .180, respectively). The overall accuracy was 85.6%, 95.6%, and 92.2% for each observer. The κ values of the intraobserver agreement were 0.68, 0.84, and 0.77 for each observer. The κ value for interobserver agreement was 0.73 during the first and 0.72 during the second assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate post hoc interpretation of eCLE confocal images can be learned quickly. High diagnostic accuracy was achieved by all 3 observers during the initial stage of the assessment, which remained high thereafter. Intra- and interobserver agreement was substantial for all 3 observers. Future studies should focus on the real-time assessment of eCLE images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teaco
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiesslich
authors.forename: Cyriel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ponsioen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fockens
authors.forename: Evelien
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000473:pathology; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059032:Learning Curve; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity