title: Two Stage Complex Embolization of an Arteriovenous Fistula between the Right Common Iliac Artery and the Inferior Vena Cava.
abstract: We present an interesting case of a symptomatic high flow AV fistula between the right common iliac artery (CIA) and the inferior vena cava (IVC), successfully treated by endovascular coil embolization. The patient was found to have a right lower polar renal artery crossing the ipsilateral ureter arising from the CIA, causing pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and recurrent pyelonephritis. It is hypothesized that this fistula arising from the lower polar renal artery and entering the IVC, may have occurred as a result of trauma during a previous pyeloplasty, or a pathologically induced process of angiogenesis stemming from recurrent pyelonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marc Gingell
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Littlejohn
authors.forename: Nile
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allaf
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butterfield