title: [Study on mutagenicity and teratogenicity of ammonium dinitramide].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by ammonium dinitramide(ADN).
  
  
  METHODS
  According to technical specifications for toxicity determination of chemicals, Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (Ames assay), in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, sperm malformation test and teratogenesis test were used to detect the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by AND.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the exposure doses of AND were 8-5000 pg/plate, the result of Ames assay was negative. As compared with control group, the micronucleus rate of mice exposed to 113.8 mg/kg AND significantly increased(P<0.05), the sperm malformation rates of mice exposed to 54.4-272.0 mg/kg AND did not increased significantly. The survival rate of fetuses decreased, the rate of assimilated fetuses increased, the rate of fetus sternum agenesis enhanced in mice exposed to 319 mg/kg AND, as compared with controls. The rates of in the 4th-6th fetus sternum agenesis in groups exposed to 21.3, 79.7 and 319 mg/kg AND were higher than that in control group. The malformation rate of fetus bowels in groups exposed to 319 mg/kg AND was higher than that in control group. The teratogenic index of ADN was 30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AND may be a mutagen and induce the teratogenic effect.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Industrial Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi' an, 710065 China.
authors.forename: Wen-xia
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yu-ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuan-han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhi-qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ya-fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yan-wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009573:Nitrites / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013249:Sternum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C098609:ammonium dinitramide