title: Effect of an iPod video intervention on consent to donate organs: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gap between the supply of organs available for transplantation and demand is growing, especially among ethnic groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a video designed to address concerns of ethnic groups about organ donation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomized, controlled trial. Randomization was performed by using a random-number table with centralized allocation concealment. Participants and investigators assessing outcomes were not blinded to group assignment. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00870506)
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve branches of the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles in northeastern Ohio.
  
  
  METHODS
  952 participants aged 15 to 66 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video (intervention; n = 443) or usual Bureau of Motor Vehicles license practices (control; n = 509).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who provided consent for organ donation on a newly acquired driver's license, learner's permit, or state identification card. Secondary outcomes included willingness to make a living kidney donation to a family member in need and personal beliefs about donation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More participants who viewed the video consented to donate organs than control participants (84% vs. 72%; difference, 12 percentage points [95% CI, 6 to 17 percentage points]). The video was effective among black participants (76% vs. 54%; difference, 22 percentage points [CI, 9 to 35 percentage points]) and white participants (88% vs. 77%; difference, 11 percentage points [CI, 5 to 15 percentage points]). At the end of the trial, fewer intervention than control participants reported having insufficient information about organ donation (34% vs. 44%; difference, -10 percentage points [CI, -16 to -4 percentage points]), wanting to be buried with all of their organs (14% vs. 25%; difference, -11 percentage points [CI, -16 to -6 percentage points]), and having conflicts with organ donation (7% vs. 11%; difference, -4 percentage points [CI, -8 to -2 percentage points]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  How the observed increases in consent to donate organs might translate into a greater organ supply in the region is unclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to a brief video addressing concerns that ethnic groups have about organ donation just before obtaining a license, permit, or identification card increased consent to donate organs among white and black participants.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  National Institutes of Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reducing Health Disparities, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Minority Organ Tissue Transplant Education Program, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: J Daryl
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alejandro-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Janeen B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Evelyn L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Baldeon
authors.forename: Liza M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: De Jesus
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Elba Adriana
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Jovana Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lasalvia
authors.forename: Kristine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Margaret D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heald
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Ashwini R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sehgal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003657:Decision Making; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D055539:MP3-Player; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009820:Ohio; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D055815:Young Adult