title: Magnitude and management of hypercholesterolemia in the adult population of Spain, 2008-2010: The ENRICA Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Only a few studies have reported nationwide population-based data on the magnitude and control of hypercholesterolemia. This work examines the prevalence and management of hypercholesterolemia in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study conducted from June 2008 to October 2010 on 11,554 individuals representative of the population aged ≥ 18 years in Spain. Study participants provided 12-h fasting blood samples, which were analyzed in a central laboratory with standardized methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the whole population, 50.5% had hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL or drug treatment) and 44.9% high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥ 130 mg/dL or drug treatment), with no substantial sex-related differences. Moreover, 25.5% of men showed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dL and 26.4% of women high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <50mg/dL. Also, 23.2% of men and 11.7% of women had triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL. Frequency of dyslipidemia increased up to 65 years, except for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol which did not vary with age. Among those with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 53.6% knew of it and 44.1% of them received lipid-lowering treatment; among the latter, 55.7% had a controlled level (13.2% of all hypercholesterolemics). Control of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased with age and with the number of visits to the specialist physician, but was lower among diabetics (odds ratio=0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.53) and patients with cardiovascular disease (odds ratio=0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About half of the Spanish population has elevated serum cholesterol; moreover, cholesterol control is poor, particularly among those with highest cardiovascular risk, such as diabetics or patients with cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain. mpilar.guallar@uam.es
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guallar-Castillón
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gil-Montero
authors.forename: Luz M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: León-Muñoz
authors.forename: Auxiliadora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graciani
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayán-Bravo
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Taboada
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Banegas
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Artalejo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides