title: Immunohistochemical investigation of lymphatic vessel formation control in mouse tooth development: lymphatic vessel-forming factors and receptors in tooth development in mice.
abstract: The presence of lymphatic vessels in dental pulp has recently been controversial, and no conclusion has been reached. In this study, we investigated the control of lymphangiogenesis with dental pulp development in the mouse mandibular molar using VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 as indices of lymphatic vessel-controlling factors. In addition, to distinguish blood and lymphatic vascular epithelial cells, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using von Willebrand factor (vWF) and statistical analysis. In dental papilla in the bell-stage non-calcified period, mesenchymal cells positive for VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 increased and lumen-forming endothelial cells were noted, but vWF was negative, suggesting that these were actively forming lymphatic vessels. Positive undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, an increase in endothelial cells in dental pulp, and lumen expansion were noted early after birth. Positivity was also detected in the odontoblast layer and sheath of Hertwig after birth, suggesting that these factors also play important roles in odontoblast differentiation and maturation and periodontal ligament and tooth root formation. We embryologically clarified lymphatic vessel formation in dental pulp and a process of lymphatic vessel formation from blood vessels, suggesting involvement of the surrounding tissue, odontoblasts, and sheath of Hertwig in vessel formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ohu University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Mitsumidou 31-1, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ambe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014070:Tooth / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D / Q000378:metabolism; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D; C467483:vascular endothelial growth factor C, mouse; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3