title: Comparative study of short forms of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: fear of movement in a surgical spine population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the factor structure of 6 short forms of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) by means of confirmatory factor analysis in patients after spinal surgery for degenerative conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based surgical clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (N=137) treated by spinal surgery for a degenerative condition (ie, spinal stenosis, spondylosis with or without myelopathy, and spondylolisthesis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients completed the TSK within 3 months of hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the 2-factor models of the TSK-13 and TSK-11 had a reasonable fit for the data, with internal consistency values >.70. A 1-factor TSK-4 (items 3, 6, 7, and 11) demonstrated an excellent fit for the data, but an adequate internal consistency was not maintained. A poor fit was noted for the 1-factor models of the TSK-13 and TSK-11, and a 4-item TSK (items 1, 2, 9, and 11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study provides further evidence that specific short-form versions of the TSK may be useful for assessing fear of movement in surgical populations. Results support the measurement of fear of movement using the 2-factor, 13- and 11-item versions of the TSK in patients after spinal surgery. A TSK-4 (items 3, 6, 7, and 11) offers a promising alternative to the TSK-13 and TSK-11. However, further research is needed to test the validity and reliability of the TSK-4 in patients undergoing spinal surgery in order to support its use in a clinical environment. Researchers and clinicians interested in a shorter measure of fear of movement should consider using the TSK-11.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Medical Center East-South Tower, Ste 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. kristin.archer@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Kristin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Caryn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Seebach
authors.forename: Yanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Wegener
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index