title: Functional capacity is a better predictor of coronary heart disease than depression or abnormal sleep duration in Black and White Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether functional capacity is a better predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) than depression or abnormal sleep duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult civilians in the USA (n=29,818, mean age 48 ± 18 years, range 18-85 years) were recruited by a cross-sectional household interview survey using multistage area probability sampling. Data on chronic conditions, estimated habitual sleep duration, functional capacity, depressed moods, and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five percent of participants reported reduced functional capacity. The CHD rates among White and Black Americans were 5.2% and 4%, respectively. Individuals with CHD were more likely to report extreme sleep durations (short sleep [≤ 5h] or long sleep [≥ 9 h]; odds ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-1.97; P<0.0001), less likely to be functionally active (anchored by the ability to walk one-quarter of a mile without assistance [OR 6.27, 95% CI 5.64-6.98; P<0.0001]) and more likely to be depressed (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.60-1.99; P<0.0001) than their counterparts. On multivariate regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health characteristics, only functional capacity remained an independent predictor of CHD (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.42-2.31; P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional capacity was an independent predictor of CHD in the study population, whereas depression and sleep duration were not independent predictors.
authors.affiliation: Brooklyn Health Disparities Center, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA. oladipupo.olafiranye@downstate.edu
authors.forename: Oladipupo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olafiranye
authors.forename: Girardin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jean-Louis
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antwi
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zizi
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Perry
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brimah
authors.forename: Gbenga
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ogedegbe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000208:ethnology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult