title: Influence of the slow infusion of a soybean oil emulsion on plasma cytokines and ex vivo T cell proliferation after an esophagectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipid emulsions have been suggested to reduce immune responses, particularly in severely stressed patients. The authors investigated the influence of the slow intravenous infusion of a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion on some immune parameters in patients who had undergone an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients who had undergone an esophagectomy were randomly divided into a lipid emulsion (LPD)-treated group and a control group. All patients received parenteral feeding with a glucose-based solution. Patients in the LPD group received 100 mL of a 20% soybean oil emulsion for 7 days after the esophagectomy in addition to the glucose-based feeding. A slow infusion rate (0.09-0.12 g/kg/h) was adopted to take account of the intrinsic degradation of infused lipids. Immune responses were measured based on lymphocyte proliferation and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The authors also measured levels of rapid turnover proteins (ie, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation significantly decreased after the esophagectomy, but no significant difference was seen between the LPD and control groups. No significant difference in changes in plasma concentrations of MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α occurred between the 2 groups either. Plasma concentrations of rapid turnover proteins did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the lipid emulsion did not affect the immune parameters measured in patients who had undergone an esophagectomy when administered at a slow rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. kagaway@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Naoe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Sato
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Tatsuichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003208:Concanavalin A; D013024:Soybean Oil