title: Prevalence and correlates of HIV and HCV infection among amphetamine-type stimulant users in 6 provinces in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  China has experienced an epidemic of amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use in recent years. The present study explored the status and correlates of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among ATS users in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter cross-sectional study of HIV and HCV status and associated behaviors among ATS users was conducted in 6 provinces from September 2009 to December 2010. Socioeconomic/behavioral risk factors were measured. Blood samples were collected to test for HIV and HCV antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1327 ATS users, the prevalence of HIV and exposure to HCV were 4.5% and 43.5%, respectively, with large geographic variations (0%-20.3% and 8.6%-67.1%, respectively). HIV infection was independently associated with living in Yunnan province [adjusted odds ratio = 15.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0 to 125.1), polydrug use (adjusted odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.4), increased frequency of sexual behavior (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.1), history of sex with sexually transmitted infection-positive persons (adjusted odds ratio = 11.4; 95% CI: 1.3 to 98.9), and HCV infection (adjusted odds ratio = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2 to 6.7). HCV was associated with study site, marital status, unemployment (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.4), a longer duration of ATS use, and history of injection use of ATS (adjusted odds ratio = 13.3; 95% CI: 1.5 to 116.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HIV was high among ATS users in Yunnan province but quite rare elsewhere, and the prevalence of exposure to HCV was high in 6 provinces. Risk factors emphasize the need for new prevention strategies toward this population at risk in China.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Zhi-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rui-Min
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cong-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xu-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shi-Yan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Qing-Liang
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Hao-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D000661:Amphetamine