title: The development and psychometric testing of East Asian Acculturation Scale among Asian immigrant women in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a report of development and psychometric testing of the East Asian Acculturation Measure-Chinese version (EAAM-C) scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  An instrument validation design with a cross-sectional survey was conducted. The process was carried in two phases. In Phase 1, Barry's East Asian Acculturation Measure was translated and back translated to evaluate its content, face validity, and feasibility validity. In Phase 2, the 16-item EAAM-C was pilot-tested among 485 female immigrants for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, theoretically-supported construct validity and concurrent validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pilot work and the survey results indicated the tools possessed adequate content and face validity. The Cronbach's Alphas for the EAAM-C was 0.72, and 0.76-0.79 for its subscales, and the correlation of test-retest reliability (at 3 weeks) was 0.75. After dropping one item, four theoretically-supported factors which explained 61.82% of the variance were abstracted using exploratory factor analysis: assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization. Based on the underlying four-factor theoretical structures of the EAAM, the confirmatory factor analysis of the EAAM-C was further examined. The analysis revealed that the four-factor model was an acceptable fit for the data which demonstrated adequate finding in its construct validity. These factors were inter-correlated, and showed statistically significant correlation with the Chinese Health Questionnaire, indicating adequate concurrent validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scale shows acceptable validity and consistency, and suggests that immigrant acculturation is a complex construct. This quick evaluation instrument can be applied to assess clients' acculturation and in further developing certain interventions to improve their health.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Wen-Yin
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Lu-I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Ching-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology*; D013624:Taiwan; D013997:Time Factors; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult