title: Dairy foods are an important source of calcium and vitamin D among Canadian-born and Asian-born Chinese in Edmonton, Alberta.
abstract: Low intakes of calcium and vitamin D increase the risk for osteoporosis, bone fracture, and other health problems. This study aimed to examine the calcium and vitamin D intakes of Canadian-born Chinese (CBC) and Asian-born Chinese (ABC) in Edmonton, Canada, and to identify usual food sources of these nutrients. We hypothesized that CBC would have higher intakes of calcium and vitamin D than ABC and that the food sources of these nutrients would differ by region of birth (Canada vs Asia). Two in-person multipass 24-hour dietary recalls were administered for 1 weekday and weekend day for 81 healthy ethnically Chinese aged 18 to 58 years. The risks for calcium and vitamin D inadequacy were calculated as were the contributions of specific foods to calcium and vitamin D intakes. Calcium intake was 781 ± 337 mg/d for CBC and 809 ± 369 mg/d for ABC (P = .737). Vitamin D intake was 3.8 ± 3.4 μg/d for CBC and 5.0 ± 3.9 μg/d for ABC (P = .158). Respective risks for calcium and vitamin D inadequacy were 36% and 98% for men and 78% and 100% for women. Dairy contributed most to the calcium (43%) and vitamin D (52%) intake of participants. For ABC, soybean products contributed to 8.1% of calcium, whereas fatty fish contributed to 16.7% of vitamin D. For CBC, red meats contributed to 11.1% of vitamin D. Dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D need to be increased in Chinese Canadians through the promotion of dairy and culturally relevant sources of these nutrients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Yan Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Diana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.forename: Noreen D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Willows
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000416:Alberta; D000818:Animals; D044466:Asian People; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002681:China; D003611:Dairy Products; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology*; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D012306:Risk; D017747:Seafood; D045730:Soy Foods; D013025:Glycine max; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium