title: Posttraumatic growth in patients who survived cardiac surgery: the predictive and mediating roles of faith-based factors.
abstract: Despite the growing knowledge of posttraumatic growth, only a few studies have examined personal growth in the context of cardiac health. Similarly, longitudinal research is lacking on the implications of religion/spirituality for patients with advanced cardiac diseases. This paper aims to explore the effect of preoperative religious coping on long-term postoperative personal growth and potential mediation in this effect. Analyses capitalized on a preoperative survey and medical indices from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' National Database of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Participants in the current follow-up study completed a mailed survey 30 months after surgery. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to evaluate the extent to which preoperative use of religious coping predicted growth at follow-up, after controlling for key demographics, medical indices, mental health, and protective factors. Predictors of posttraumatic growth at follow-up were positive religious coping and a living status without a partner. Medical indices, optimistic expectations, social support, and other religious factors were unrelated to posttraumatic growth. Including religious factors diminished effects of gender, age, and race. Including perceived spiritual support completely eliminated the role of positive religious coping, indicating mediation. Preoperative positive religious coping may have a long-term effect on postoperative personal growth, explainable by higher spiritual connections as a part of significance-making. These results suggest that spirituality may play a favorable role in cardiac patients' posttraumatic growth after surviving a life-altering operation. The elimination of demographic effects may help explain previously mixed findings concerning the association between these factors and personal growth.
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, FL 2313, University Center Building-C, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. amyai8@gmail.com
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pargament
authors.forename: Terrence N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Tice
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D029181:Spirituality; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*