title: Extreme endovascular revascularization for limb salvage in critical limb ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Distal bypass has been considered as a primary choice for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI). When bypass failed with limb threatening ischemia, the amputation rate is high in patients with increased surgical risks and lack of conduit. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been shown to be effective and safe in the setting of CLI even in patients with failed bypass graft. The aim of this study was to review our experience and results of extreme endovascular revascularization in patients with CLI following occluded lower limb bypass graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review from January 2005 to June 2008 of patients with CLI following occluded bypass graft who underwent PTA was performed. All patients were studied by Duplex scanning and dual-energy computed tomographic angiography (DE-CTA) bone removal technique. Stents were used in cases of residual stenosis or dissection. Technical success was defined as a residual stenosis less than 30%. Demographics, comorbidities, functional status, details of the procedure information were recorded. Descriptive, logistic regression and life-table analyses performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients with occluded bypass grafts were treated. The mean age was 69 years (range 56-89), 44% were older than 80 years, 83% had diabetes mellitus, 88% of limbs treated had multiple lesions included Tasc C and D lesions. Technical success was achieved in 91%. Mean follow-up was 24 months. At follow-up, there were 19 PTA failures which were followed by subsequent procedures: redo PTA in 16 limbs, redo bypass in 2, amputation in 5. Cumulative primary patency was 60% (±0.08 SE) and 24% (±0.07 SE). Secondary patency was 96% (±0.03 SE) and 83% (±0.08 SE). Limb salvage was 84% (±0.06 SE) and 70% (±0.10 SE). Freedom from surgical revision was 78% (±0.07 SE) and 54% (±0.11 SE). Overall survival was 89% (±0.05 SE) and 58% (±0.11 SE) at 12 and 24 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular revascularization of patients with CLI and occluded bypass graft is a safe and feasible procedure with reasonable technical and clinical success and limb salvage. PTA may be the only alternative to amputation in these patients with extensive comorbidities and limited life expectancy.
authors.affiliation: Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. tommasomandolfino@libero.it
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mandolfino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canciglia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamberto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calogero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Alfonso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottari
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D007558:Italy; D015993:Life Tables; D023821:Limb Salvage; D016015:Logistic Models; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014654:Vascular Patency