title: Dietary exposure to fumonisins and evaluation of nutrient intake in a group of adult celiac patients on a gluten-free diet.
abstract: METHODS
  The main objectives of this study were to estimate dietary fumonisin exposure and nutrient intake in a group of patients diagnosed with celiac disease compared to non-celiac subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fumonisin level in 118 frequently consumed corn-based products was determined and dietary habits were recorded using a 7-day weighed food record. Data were then compared to those obtained for a control group. The fumonisin intake in the celiac patients was significantly higher than in controls, with mean values (± SE) of 0.395 ± 0.049 and 0.029 ± 0.006 μg/kg body weight per day, respectively. With regard to nutritional habits, celiac patients showed a preference for a high fat diet, coupled with a high intake of sweets and soft drinks and a low intake of vegetables, iron, calcium and folate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may have serious health implications for the celiac population due to the widespread occurrence of fumonisins in most of the widely consumed gluten-free products, leading to continuous exposure to this particular mycotoxin. Moreover, the recorded nutritional quality of the celiac patient's diet raises concerns regarding its long-term adequacy and its potential impact on chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dall'Asta
authors.forename: Alessia Pia
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Scarlato
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galaverna
authors.forename: Furio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brighenti
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins