title: MAPPIN'SDM--the multifocal approach to sharing in shared decision making.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The wide scale permeation of health care by the shared decision making concept (SDM) reflects its relevance and advanced stage of development. An increasing number of studies evaluating the efficacy of SDM use instruments based on various sub-constructs administered from different viewpoints. However, as the concept has never been captured in operable core definition it is quite difficult to link these parts of evidence. This study aims at investigating interrelations of SDM indicators administered from different perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive inventory was developed mapping judgements from different perspectives (observer, doctor, patient) and constructs (behavior, perception) referring to three units (doctor, patient, doctor-patient-dyad) and an identical set of SDM-indicators. The inventory adopted the existing approaches, but added additional observer foci (patient and doctor-patient-dyad) and relevant indicators hitherto neglected by existing instruments. The complete inventory comprising a doctor-patient-questionnaire and an observer-instrument was applied to 40 decision consultations from 10 physicians from different medical fields. Convergent validities were calculated on the basis of Pearson correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliabilities for all scales were high to excellent. No correlations were found between observer and patients or physicians neither for means nor for single items. Judgements of doctors and patients were moderately related. Correlations between the observer scales and within the subjective perspectives were high. Inter-perspective agreement was not related to SDM performance or patient activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates the contribution to involvement made by each of the relevant perspectives and emphasizes the need for an inter-subjective approach regarding SDM measurement.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. k@sper.info
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heesen
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köpke
authors.forename: Friedemann
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geiger
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male