title: Early immune dynamics following infection with Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Infantis, Pullorum and Gallinarum: cytokine and chemokine gene expression profile and cellular changes of chicken cecal tonsils.
abstract: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica infection remains a serious problem in a wide range of animals and in man. Poultry-derived food is the main source of human infection with the non-host-adapted serovars while fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are important diseases of poultry. We have assessed cecal colonization and immune responses of newly hatched and older chickens to Salmonella serotypes Enteritidis, Infantis, Gallinarum and Pullorum. S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis colonized the ceca more efficiently than S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum. Salmonella infection was also associated with increased staining for B-lymphocytes and macrophages in the cecal tonsils of infected birds. S. Enteritidis infection in newly hatched birds stimulated the expression of CXCLi1 and CXCLi2 chemokines in the cecal tonsils, while S. Gallinarum up-regulated the expression of LITAF. In older chickens, S. Enteritidis infection resulted in a significantly higher expression of CXCLi2, iNOS, LITAF and IL-10 while S. Pullorum appeared to down-regulate CXCLi1 expression in the cecal tonsils. Data from spleens showed either no expression or down-regulation of the tested genes.
authors.affiliation: Animal Infection and Immunity Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Setta
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002432:Cecum / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II