title: Polar extracts from (Tunisian) Acacia salicina Lindl. Study of the antimicrobial and antigenotoxic activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methanolic, aqueous and Total Oligomer Flavonoids (TOF)-enriched extracts obtained from the leaves of Acacia salicina 'Lindl.' were investigated for antibacterial, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antimicrobial activity was tested on the Gram positive and Gram negative reference bacterial strains. The Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities against direct acting mutagens, methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD), and indirect acting mutagens, 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) were performed with S. typhimurium TA102 and TA98 assay systems. In addition, the enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods were employed to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of the tested extracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant effect against the Gram positive and Gram negative reference bacterial strains was observed with all the extracts. The mutagenic and antimutagenic studies revealed that all the extracts decreased the mutagenicity induced by B(a)P (7.5 μg/plate), 2-AA (5 μg/plate), MMS (1.3 mg/plate) and NOPD (10 μg/plate). Likewise, all the extracts showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay system, as well as high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), against the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)⁺• radical. TOF-enriched extract exhibited the highest protective effect against free radicals, direct acting-mutagen and metabolically activated S9-dependent mutagens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that the extracts from A. salicina leaves are a significant source of compounds with the antimutagenic and antioxidant activities, and this may be useful for developing potential chemopreventive substances.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Jihed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boubaker
authors.forename: Hedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Mansour
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghedira
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chekir Ghedira
mesh_terms: D000045:Acacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D019820:Xanthine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013844:Thiazoles; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid