title: Innate immunity gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Toll-like receptors (TLR) activate the innate immune system. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR genes are linked to increased susceptibility to infections. TLR4-deficient mice have increased incidence and duration of otitis media. We hypothesize that SNPs in TLR genes are more common in otitis-prone children than in children without a history of otitis media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases (n=70) included children undergoing surgery for otitis media. Control subjects (n=70) included children undergoing surgery for non-otologic indication. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. RT-PCR genotyping was performed for TLR2 (rs5743708), TLR4 (rs4986790 and rs4986791), TLR9 (rs5743836 & rs187084), and CD14 (rs2569190).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the groups in family history, day care, smoke exposure, allergies or prevalence of the SNPs. The most common pre-op diagnosis in control subjects was obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 and CD14 gene SNPs were not more prevalent in otitis-prone children.
authors.affiliation: ENT Surgical Associates, Glendale, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Zald
authors.forename: Zachary M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Milczuk
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Trune
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: MacArthur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D007223:Infant; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors