title: The use of a pleated strip of autogenous temporalis fascia graft for frontalis suspension in recurrent poor levator function ptosis in adult patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poor levator function (LF) blepharoptosis can be corrected surgically using frontalis muscle suspension with a variety of materials. Autogenous grafts such as fascia lata are commonly used. The need for a remote surgical site and the risk of an unattractive leg scar makes the use of an autogenous temporalis fascia (ATF) graft appealing as the scar is concealed in the hair. We describe the use of a pleated, lengthened ATF graft that is easy to prepare and insert, and provides a cosmetically acceptable outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series describing six patients with previous multiple failed lid surgeries and recurrent poor (≤ 5 mm) LF (mean 2.87 ± 1.72 mm) ptosis. The pleated graft technique was used to yield a strip of ATF up to 18-cm long from a short 2-cm temporal incision. Eight eyelids then underwent ATF graft frontalis suspension surgery using the modified Fox pentagon technique. Outcomes included eyelid measurements with 4.5-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients achieved good functional and esthetic outcome. The mean central palpebral aperture 6 weeks postsurgery was 7.14 ± 1.67 mm, equating to a mean increase of 3.27 mm (p < 0.05 using the paired t-test). The improvement in eyelid height was maintained at the 4.5-year follow-up in all patients, except one who died of unrelated cause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pleated strip of ATF graft provides a simpler alternative to fascia lata grafting for frontalis suspension in poor LF ptosis in adult patients with good long-term results.
authors.affiliation: Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bladen
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moosajee
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tumuluri
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005206:Fascia Lata / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous