title: Validity and reliability assessment of a Japanese version of the Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anhedonia is one of the main non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD); it is assessed using the Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale (SHAPS). To assess anhedonia in the Japanese population, we prepared a Japanese language version of SHAPS (SHAPS-J), and evaluated its validity and reliability in 8 neurological centers. Seventy subjects (48 patients with PD and 22 healthy subjects) were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The validity of the test was assessed by the correlation between SHAPS-J and the apathy scale, based on the fact that anhedonia is considered a symptom of apathy syndrome. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed by Cohen's kappa and Cronbach's alpha coefficients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the evaluation of validity, the total scores obtained on SHAPS-J during the test and retest significantly correlated with scores on Item 4 in Part 1 of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (p<0.0008 and p<0.0036, respectively). Cohen's kappa coefficient was >0.3 on all items (p<0.0005 on all items). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90 at the baseline and 0.88 at the retest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that SHAPS-J has good validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency, thus establishing an available measure of anhedonia in Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Japan. nagayama@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Nobuatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D059445:Anhedonia; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D057181:Pleasure; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards