title: Molecular analysis of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Uruguay.
abstract: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in high-risk populations in Uruguay, possibly owing to emerging resistance. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU) genotyping and katG sequence analysis of isoniazid (INH) resistance-associated mutations were performed  in 45 INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Uruguayan patients. The genotype distribution among INH-resistant isolates shares features of that of neighbouring countries, with a predominance of Latin American and Mediterranean, T and Haarlem genotypes, although the S genotype  was particularly frequent among our isolates. Forty-four per cent of INH-resistant strains harboured the S315T mutation in katG; we found novel katG mutations (W321X, G269T, P232R and G221Wfs1) that could explain INH resistance.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greif
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coitinho
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Ingen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robello
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009154:Mutation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D014583:Uruguay
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007538:Isoniazid