title: Pharmacy practice in Virginia in 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opportunities for pharmacy practice reform exist at state and national levels. The Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Pharmacy created a working group to assess these opportunities with a mission to advance pharmacy practice in Virginia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the perceptions of chronic and acute care pharmacy practice and confidence in providing patient care and medication therapy management (MTM) activities and characterize current work activities of pharmacists in Virginia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, online survey was used. VCU School of Pharmacy pharmacist preceptors, students, and faculty members were eligible. The questionnaire contained items that assessed perceptions of chronic and acute care pharmacy practice and confidence in patient care and MTM activities. Demographic and practice site characteristics were also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 974 preceptors, 515 students, and 78 faculty members were invited to participate, and 335 preceptors, 155 students, and 41 faculty members had usable responses, yielding response rates of 34%, 30%, and 53%, respectively. Preceptors, students, and faculty members favorably viewed direct patient care roles in the chronic and acute care settings. Pharmacists were very confident or confident in performing many patient care and MTM activities. They were least confident in considering genetic characteristics when adjusting medications and creating business plans for new services. Many pharmacists in chronic and acute care settings provided some type of patient care service, but few were regularly providing services. Inadequate time, staffing, and reimbursement, and lack of perceived value from patients and providers were most frequently cited as barriers to service provision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCU preceptors, students, and faculty members overwhelmingly believe that pharmacists should provide direct patient care and MTM activities. To transform pharmacy practice, it will be important to define the pharmacist's role, responsibilities, and expected outcomes and to consider time, staffing, and compensation as well as to engage patients and providers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. lrmoczygemba@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Leticia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Moczygemba
authors.forename: Jean-Venable R
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Silvester
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Matzke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005178:Faculty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005791:Patient Care / Q000379:methods*; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D024382:Professional Role; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014768:Virginia; D055815:Young Adult