title: Proteomic study of renal uric acid stone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze urinary uric acid stone matrix proteins (SMP) with mass spectrometry (MS) to evaluate the mechanisms of uric acid stone formation. SMP plays an important role in urinary stone formation. Several proteomic studies apply to calcium-containing stones have been reported; however no proteomic study for urinary uric acid stone has been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pure kidney uric acid stones from 5 individuals were demineralized, and SMPs were isolated. The obtained proteins were analyzed with reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem MS. The acquired data were searched against a Swiss Prot human protein database using Matrix Science, Mascot. The identified proteins were submitted to the AmiGO Web site for gene ontology analysis. They were also sumitted to Metacore software and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes website (KEGG) for pathway analysis. MS-determined protein expressions were verified by immunoblot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS analysis identified 242 proteins from 5 proteomic results and the number of the identified protein of each result ranged from 52 to 156. Metacore software analysis suggested that inflammation may play an important role for kidney uric acid stone formation. Endogenous metabolic pathways were also analyzed and submitted to KEGG Web site, which revealed that these proteins may participate in fat metabolism. Five identified proteins were selected for immunoblot validation, and 3 proteins were confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that inflammatory process may play a role in kidney uric acid stone formation. Our endogenous metabolic pathway analysis data revealed that these proteins may participate in lipid metabolism. Whether this finding implies a relation between lipotoxicity and kidney uric acid stone former requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yeong-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Jou
authors.forename: Chiung-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Syue-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fang-Hung
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Cheng-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yuh-Shyan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D014527:Uric Acid