title: Protein improvement in Gari by the use of pure cultures of microorganisms involved in the natural fermentation process.
abstract: The ability of microorganisms involved in cassava mash fermentation to produce and improve protein value by these microorganisms during fermentation was studied. Standard microbiological procedures were used to isolate, identify and determine the numbers of the organisms. Alcaligenes faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Leuconostoc cremoris, Aspergillus niger, A. tamari, Geotrichum candidum and Penicillium expansum were isolated and identified from cassava waste water while standard analytical methods were used to determine the ability of the isolates to produce linamarase and the proximate composition, pH and titrable acidity of the fermenting mash. The linamarase activity of the isolates ranged from 0.0416 to 0.2618 micromol mL(-1) nmol(-1). Bacillus subtilis, A. niger, A. tamari and P. expansum did not express any activity for the enzyme. Protein content of mash fermented with mixed fungal culture had the highest protein value (15.4 mg/g/dry matter) while the raw cassava had the least value (2.37 mg/g/dry matter). The naturally fermented sample had the least value for the fermented samples (3.2 mg/g/dry matter). Carbohydrate and fat contents of naturally fermented sample were higher than values obtained from the other fermented samples. Microbial numbers of the sample fermented with mixed bacterial culture was highest and got to their peak at 48 h (57 x 10(8) cfu g(-1)). pH decreased with increase in fermentation time with the mash fermented by the mixed culture of fungi having the lowest pH of 4.05 at the end of fermentation. Titrable acidity increased with increase in fermentation time with the highest value of 1.32% at 96 h of fermentation produced by the mixed culture of fungi. Thus fermentation with the pure cultures significantly increased the protein content of mash.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahaotu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ogueke
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Owuamanam
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ahaotu
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nwosu
mesh_terms: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005433:Flour / Q000382:microbiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D002365:Manihot / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D010940:Plant Proteins; C021514:cyanogenic beta-glucosidase; D001617:beta-Glucosidase