title: Assessing adherence-based quality measures in epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of three alternative measures of adherence with seven negative outcomes associated with epilepsy for development of a quality measure in epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  PharMetrics national claims database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in the PharMetrics database for the years 2004-08 taking antiepileptic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each definition of adherence, the odds ratios (ORs) comparing non-adherent with adherent groups were assessed for consistency and direction for the number of hospital admissions, emergency room (ER) visits, head injuries including traumatic brain injuries, falls, motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), fractures and a 'seizure' outcome defined as hospital admissions or ER visits with a primary diagnosis of epilepsy or convulsions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inclusion criteria were met by 31 635 individuals. In the multivariate analysis, the adherent group had lower odds of hospital admissions with ORs for the eight specifications ranging from 0.729 to 0.872 and ER visits where ORs for the eight specifications ranged from 0.750 to 0.893. The eight ORs for head injuries ranged from 0.647 to 0.888. For fractures, the ORs ranged from 0.407 to 0.841. Our proxy for seizure was inconsistently associated with adherence status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the adherence measures defined non-adherent groups that were associated with negative outcomes in epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapy, Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. michael.goodman@pharm.utah.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forlenza
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Diana I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Brixner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010672:Phenytoin; D010889:Piracetam