title: Relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure according to metabolic syndrome status in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) in population studies varies depending on the dietary habit and the characteristics of the population studied. Asian dietary patterns and salt sensitivity have been suggested to explain this association. Aging and metabolic syndrome (MS) are the most common reasons for salt sensitivity in populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore examined the dietary patterns in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multiple regression model for 3757 patients, age, antihypertensive medication, BMI, family history of hypertension, and MS were positively associated with systolic BP, whereas female sex, income, educational status, and fruit intake were negatively associated with systolic BP. Fruit intake was the only dietary factor that was negatively associated with systolic BP (P=0.017). In MS (n=712), sodium and fruit intake was independently positively and negatively associated with systolic BP, respectively, discounting age and medication. In contrast, in normal individuals (n=3045), diet was not related to systolic BP. The relationship between diet and systolic BP is more clear-cut in MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary pattern and salt sensitivity at the population level could be a cause of the relationship between sodium intake and BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bae Keun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Hyo
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Soon Gil
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yu-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D012982:Sodium, Dietary