title: Impact of smoking cessation on incidence of diabetes mellitus among overweight or normal-weight Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of smoking cessation on incidence of diabetes among overweight or normal-weight Japanese men.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 9.2-year cohort study included 2070 men aged 40-69 years without diabetes. We classified them according to smoking status as non-smokers, past smokers (>9, 6-9, 3-5 and <3 years) and current smokers. Participants were followed up until diabetes developed or the end of 2006. The incidence of diabetes was determined from fasting and random plasma glucose levels, HbA(1c) levels or being under medical treatment for diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 18,963 person-years of follow-up, 246 of the participants developed diabetes. The risk for diabetes peaked within 3 years of quitting (HR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.38-6.27) and persisted at 5 years after quitting smoking (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.18-5.26) among overweight individuals. Moreover, this study identified a high risk for diabetes among past smokers who had quit >9 years in both normal weight and overweight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette smoking predicts incidence of diabetes, but smoking cessation leads to higher short-term risk in overweight and long-term risk in both. Preventing smoking is superior to smoking cessation, and is very important for avoiding diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. aki62@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maejima
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Shaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human