title: Induction of mouthpart deformities in chironomid larvae exposed to contaminated sediments.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to improve the cause-effect relationship between toxicant exposure and chironomid mouthpart deformities, by linking induction of mouthpart deformities to contaminated field sediments, metal mixtures and a mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compound metabolite (acridone). Mouthpart deformities in Chironomus riparius larvae were induced by both the heavy metal mixture and by acridone. A clear correlation between metal concentrations in the sediment and deformities incidence was only observed when the contaminated field sediments were left out of the analysis, probably because these natural sediments contained other toxic compounds, which could be responsible for a higher incidence of deformities than predicted by the measured metal concentrations only. The present study clearly improved the cause-effect relationship between toxicant exposure and the induction of mouthpart deformities. It is concluded that the incidence of mouthpart deformities may better reflect the potential toxicity of contaminated sediments than chemical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce Di Sotto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Veroli
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goretti
authors.forename: Miriam Leόn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paumen
authors.forename: Michiel H S
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kraak
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Admiraal
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines / Q000633:toxicity; D054831:Acridones; D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity; D009056:Mouth Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000166:Acridines; D054831:Acridones; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041300:acridone