title: Bilateral cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy applied to patients with aggressiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a preliminary study on the effects and safety of bilateral cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy in patients with aggressive behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three psychiatric patients showing aggressive behavior refractory to conventional treatment were initially evaluated. The subjects were clinically selected using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Each case was carefully reviewed by the Ethics Committee of Mexico's General Hospital. Once selection criteria were met, stereotactic lesions were made using radiofrequency on the anterior limb of the internal capsule and supragenual cingulum. Statistical differences were evaluated with a Wilcoxon test at 6 months and at 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients underwent surgery. Their OAS and GAF scores decreased after the procedure at the 6-month (p < 0.05) and at the 4-year (p = 0.068) follow-up. Four patients showed mild and transitory postsurgical complications (hyperphagia and somnolence).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral anterior capsulotomy in combination with cingulotomy may reduce aggressive behavior and improve clinical evaluations. Very strict clinical and ethical evaluations were applied prior to considering patients for this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Functional Neurosurgery, Stereotactic and Radiosurgery Unit, Anáhuac University, Mexico City, Mexico. fiacroj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Fiacro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Julián E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Ylián
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: José D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D020772:Internal Capsule / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011612:Psychosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome