title: Experimental model of biofilm implant-related osteomyelitis to test combination biomaterials using biofilms as initial inocula.
abstract: Currently, the majority of animal models that are used to study biofilm-related infections use planktonic bacterial cells as initial inocula to produce positive signals of infection in biomaterials studies. However, the use of planktonic cells has potentially led to inconsistent results in infection outcomes. In this study, well-established biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were grown and used as initial inocula in an animal model of a Type IIIB open fracture. The goal of the work was to establish, for the first time, a repeatable model of biofilm implant-related osteomyelitis, wherein biofilms were used as initial inocula to test combination biomaterials. Results showed that 100% of animals that were treated with biofilms developed osteomyelitis, whereas 0% of animals not treated with biofilm developed infection. The development of this experimental model may lead to an important shift in biofilm and biomaterials research by showing that when biofilms are used as initial inocula, they may provide additional insights into how biofilm-related infections in the clinic develop and how they can be treated with combination biomaterials to eradicate and/or prevent biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. dustin.williams@utah.edu
authors.forename: Dustin L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Bryan S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Haymond
authors.forename: Kassie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Woodbury
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: R Tyler
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Epperson
authors.forename: Roy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bloebaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018441:Biofilms; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials