title: Hexanic lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens inhibits the expression of two key inflammatory mediators, MCP-1/CCL2 and VCAM-1, in vitro.
abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Pervasive inflammatory infiltrates, mainly composed of chronically activated T cells and monocytes/macrophages, have been observed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Permixon®, a hexanic lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (hexanic LSESr) used to treat urinary dysfunction in BPH patients, has anti-inflammatory activities. This paper provides new insights into the anti-inflammatory properties of Permixon®. We report that hexanic LSESr inhibits early steps of leukocyte infiltration in vitro by downregulating MCP-1/CCL2 and VCAM-1 expression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanisms by which hexanic lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (hexanic LSESr) may prevent leukocyte infiltration in benign prostatic hyperplasia by studying its impact on monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  After pretreatment with hexanic LSESr, human prostate (epithelial and myofibroblastic) cells and vascular endothelial cells were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines. MCP-1/CCL2 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression was quantified by real-time PCR. ELISA kits were used to determine MCP-1/CCL2 levels in culture supernatants and VCAM-1 expression in living cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hexanic LSESr reduced MCP-1/CCL2 mRNA levels in both epithelial (BPH-1) and myofibroblastic (WPMY-1) prostate cell lines. Hexanic LSESr downregulated MCP1/CCL2 secretion by WPMY-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, more efficiently than Serenoa repens extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Hexanic LSESr inhibited tumour-necrosis-factor-α-induced MCP-1/CCL2 secretion by the human vascular endothelial cell line EAhy.926, as well as surface VCAM-1 protein expression, in a concentration-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hexanic LSESr impedes key steps of monocyte and T cell attraction and adherence by inhibiting MCP-1/CCL2 and VCAM-1 expression by human prostate and vascular cells in an inflammatory environment. These findings provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory effects of the hexanic lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens, Permixon®, in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Microbiotechnologies, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France. alain.latil@pierre-fabre.com
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latil
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Libon
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Templier
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Junquero
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lantoine-Adam
authors.forename: Thien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028024:Serenoa; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1