title: Nonlinear formulation of the magnetic field to source relationship for robust quantitative susceptibility mapping.
abstract: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) opens the door for measuring tissue magnetic susceptibility properties that may be important biomarkers, and QSM is becoming an increasingly active area of scientific and clinical investigations. In practical applications, there are sources of errors for QSM including noise, phase unwrapping failures, and signal model inaccuracy. To improve the robustness of QSM quality, we propose a nonlinear data fidelity term for frequency map estimation and dipole inversion to reduce noise and effects of phase unwrapping failures, and a method for model error reduction through iterative tuning. Compared with the previous phase based linear QSM method, this nonlinear QSM method reduced salt and pepper noise or checkerboard pattern in high susceptibility regions in healthy subjects and markedly reduced artifacts in patients with intracerebral hemorrhages.
authors.affiliation: MedImageMetric LLC, New York, New York, USA. tian.liu@medimagemetric.com
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wisnieff
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spincemaille
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity