title: Decomposition of cyclohexanoic acid by the UV/H2O2 process under various conditions.
abstract: Naphthenic acids (NAs) are a broad range of alicyclic and aliphatic compounds that are persistent and contribute to the toxicity of oil sands process affected water (OSPW). In this investigation, cyclohexanoic acid (CHA) was selected as a model naphthenic acid, and its oxidation was investigated using advanced oxidation employing a low-pressure ultraviolet light in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (UV/H(2)O(2) process). The effects of two pHs and common OSPW constituents, such as chloride (Cl(-)) and carbonate (CO(3)(2-)) were investigated in ultrapure water. The optimal molar ratio of H(2)O(2) to CHA in the treatment process was also investigated. The pH had no significant effect on the degradation, nor on the formation and degradation of byproducts in ultrapure water. The presence of CO(3)(2-) or Cl(-) significantly decreased the CHA degradation rate. The presence of 700 mg/L CO(3)(2-) or 500 mg/L Cl(-), typical concentrations in OSPW, caused a 55% and 23% decrease in the pseudo-first order degradation rate constants for CHA, respectively. However, no change in byproducts or in the degradation trend of byproducts, in the presence of scavengers was observed. A real OSPW matrix also had a significant impact by decreasing the CHA degradation rate, such that by spiking CHA into the OSPW, the degradation rate decreased up to 82% relative to that in ultrapure water. The results of this study show that UV/H(2)O(2) AOP is capable of degrading CHA as a model NA in ultrapure water. However, in the real applications, the effect of radical scavengers should be taken into consideration for the achievement of best performance of the process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3-133 Markin/CNRL Natural Resources Engineering Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2W2.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drzewicz
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamal El-Din
mesh_terms: D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C046170:naphthenic acid