title: Copper emission during thermal treatment of simulated copper sludge.
abstract: This study evaluates Cu emissions in air-particulate and gas phases during thermal treatment of simulated copper sludge by a rotary kiln. Influences of operating parameters, including treatment temperature (400-700 degrees C), rotary speed (0.89-2.00 rpm) and copper content in sludge (1% to 5% by weight) on copper emissions were investigated. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also conducted to evaluate copper leaching and the surface structure of thermally treated sludge, respectively. The results indicated that (1) low Cu emissions in air-particulate and gas phases were associated with the two operating conditions of 400-500 degrees C at 0.89-1.39 rpm and 600-700 degrees C at 2.00 rpm; (2) temperatures and rotary speeds did not affect gaseous copper emission, except for the operating condition of 400 degrees C at 2.00 rpm; (3) rising copper content of sludge at 600 degrees C and 2.00 rpm increased the particulate copper emission, but not the gaseous copper emission; (5) the TCLP copper leaching concentrations of sludge treated at 400 degrees C were obviously higher than those treated at 500-700 degrees C; however, all of the thermally treated products agreed with the Taiwan EPA TCLP regulations.
authors.affiliation: Department ofEnvironmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jing-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Chiou-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hsien
authors.forename: Ming-Yen
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wey
authors.forename: Shih-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D003300:Copper