title: Exploring oral nanoemulsions for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 40% of new chemical entities discovered are poorly water soluble and suffer from low oral bioavailability. In recent years, nanoemulsions are receiving increasing attention as a tool of delivering these low-bioavailable moieties in an efficient manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review gives a brief description about how oral nanoemulsions act as a tool to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The recurrent confusion found in the literature regarding the theory behind the formation of nanoemulsions is clarified, along with the difference between nanoemulsion and lyotropic 'microemulsion' phase. This paper gives a clear-cut idea about all possible methods for the preparation of nanoemulsions and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are described. A description of the stability problems of nanoemulsions and their prevention methods is also provided, in addition to a comprehensive update on the patents and research works done in the arena of oral nanoemulsions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-energy emulsification techniques can also produce stable nanoemulsions. It is guaranteed that oral nanoemulsions can act as a potential tool for the delivery of poorly water-soluble therapeutic moieties in a very efficient manner.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry ,  Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062 ,  India.
authors.forename: Sabna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotta
authors.forename: Abdul Wadood
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Kannissery
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pramod
authors.forename: Shahid H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008823:Micelles; D044085:Microfluidics; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D008823:Micelles; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations