title: Magnetic resonance imaging and aneurysm clips.
abstract: The problem of implanted metals causing tissue damage by movement in patients exposed to MRI fields has produced a confusing welter of erroneous, pseudoscientific publications about magnetics, metals, medical equipment, and tissue compatibility. Quite simply, among the devices made for implantation, only those fabricated of stainless steel have the ferromagnetic properties capable of causing such accidents. The author, who introduced the basic design of the modern aneurysm clip in the late 1960s and then a cobalt nickel alloy as an improvement over steel, while chairing the neurosurgical committee assigned to the task of establishing neurosurgical standards at American Society for Testing and Materials, exposes this flawed information and offers clear guidelines for avoiding trouble.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA. tedmcfadden1@me.com
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McFadden
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D007501:Iron; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008280:Magnetics; D008669:Metallurgy; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation; D010361:Patients; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012834:Silver; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history; D014025:Titanium; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D013193:Stainless Steel; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron