title: Oxidative stress and vein graft failure: a focus on NADH oxidase, nitric oxide and eicosanoids.
abstract: Recent interest has focused on superoxide and the upregulation of NADPH oxidase expression in the aetiology of vein graft failure. Implantation of saphenous vein grafts promotes upregulation of NADPH oxidase through a number of distinct interrelated mechanisms: (a) endothelial denudation, (b) factors released by adherent platelets, monocytes and neutrophils, (c) hypoxia and (d) altered prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and enhanced isoprostane formation. These, in turn, impact on neointima (NI) formation (vascular smooth muscle cell [VSMC] replication and migration) and metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, key events in vein graft thickening. NADPH oxidase in the aetiology of vein graft failure will be discussed in this review with particular reference to nitric oxide and eicosanoids and related drugs that inhibit its activity and expression.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Nilima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ellinsworth
authors.forename: Jamie Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeremy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D058426:Neointima / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015777:Eicosanoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C023107:NADH oxidase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases