title: Industrial perspective of gastroretentive drug delivery systems: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, technological and regulatory consideration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) can overcome drawbacks associated with oral drug delivery, by defeating natural physiological principles. Various gastroretentive technologies have been developed in the past, but few of them achieved success on the market.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is focused on the key concepts required to make a high-quality drug product available in a timely and economical manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacotherapy of various disease states can be amended by drug repurposing through GRDDS. Assessment of the effect of the fed and fasted condition on product performance should be necessary during initial development phases. Dual working technology would be a possible way to overcome drawbacks associated with different GRDDS. Before development of a drug product, the principles of scale up and process validation must be considered to improve the quality and market availability of GRDDS. Knowledge of all regulatory aspects will help to deliver a product to the market within a reasonable timeframe and in a cost-effective manner.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226001, India.
authors.forename: Vivek K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.forename: Shaswat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kansal
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asthana
authors.forename: Manish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chourasia
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D005079:Excipients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations