title: Association of 3D reconstruction and conventional radiography for the description of the appendicular skeleton of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824).
abstract: In this study, we associated imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and standard radiography, with anatomical specimens to describe the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria), using animals of different sizes, ages, sexes and weights. Manus and pes bones were described from conventional radiography and osteological specimens, because they have small structures that could not be reconstructed. The main anatomical feature that differentiates C. carbonaria from others Testudines is the ischial-pubic tuberculum. The pectoral girdle is formed by the union of two bones, the scapula and the coracoid, showing no bone connection with the shell. Carpal and tarsal bones can be fused or not and include: carporadial and central carpus, carpoulnar and V carpal, central tarsal and fibular tarsal, distal tarsal I and II. The phalangeal formula is 2:2:2:2:2 in the forelimb and 2:2:2:2:1 in the hind limb. Imaging examinations are important tools in anatomical description and can be used in living individuals, replacing or aiding the study with anatomical specimens.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Brazil. zarabortolini@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bortolini
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Tranquilim
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Sesoko
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vulcano
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D005121:Extremities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012863:Skeleton; D014426:Turtles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*