title: Practical use of the regression offset approach for the prediction of in vivo intrinsic clearance from hepatocytes.
abstract: Systematic under-prediction of clearance is frequently associated with in vitro kinetic data when extrapolated using physiological scaling factors, appropriate binding parameters and the well-stirred model. The present study describes a method of removing this systematic bias through application of empirical correction factors derived from regression analyses applied to the in vitro and in vivo data for a defined set of reference compounds.        Linear regression lines were established with in vivo intrinsic clearance (CLint), derived from in vivo clearance data and scaled in vitro intrinsic clearance from isolated hepatocyte incubations. The scaled CLint was empirically corrected to a predicted in vivo CLint using the slope and intercept from a uniform weighted linear regression applied to the in vitro to in vivo extrapolation.        Cross validation of human data demonstrated that 66% of the reference compounds had a predicted in vivo CLint within two-fold of the observed value. The average absolute fold error (AAFE) for the in vivo CLint predictions was 1.90. For rat, 54% of the compounds had a predicted value within two-fold of the observed and the AAFE was 1.98.        Three AstraZeneca projects are used to exemplify how a two-sided prediction interval, applied to the rat regression corrected reference data, can form the basis for assessing the likelihood that, for a given chemical series, the in vitro kinetic data is predictive of in vivo clearance and is therefore appropriate to guide optimisation of compound metabolic stability.
authors.affiliation: DMPK, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, Sweden. karin.sternbeck@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sohlenius-Sternbeck
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Projean
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Floby
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bylund
authors.forename: Lovisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Afzelius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015982:Bias; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051381:Rats; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D015262:Xenobiotics