title: The ADHD-susceptibility gene lphn3.1 modulates dopaminergic neuron formation and locomotor activity during zebrafish development.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, increased impulsivity and emotion dysregulation. Linkage analysis followed by fine-mapping identified variation in the gene coding for Latrophilin 3 (LPHN3), a putative adhesion-G protein-coupled receptor, as a risk factor for ADHD. In order to validate the link between LPHN3 and ADHD, and to understand the function of LPHN3 in the etiology of the disease, we examined its ortholog lphn3.1 during zebrafish development. Loss of lphn3.1 function causes a reduction and misplacement of dopamine-positive neurons in the ventral diencephalon and a hyperactive/impulsive motor phenotype. The behavioral phenotype can be rescued by the ADHD treatment drugs methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Together, our results implicate decreased Lphn3 activity in eliciting ADHD-like behavior, and demonstrate its correlated contribution to the development of the brain dopaminergic circuitry.
authors.affiliation: Zebrafish Neurogenetics Group, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Development (N&D), CNRS UPR 3294, Institute of Neurobiology Alfred Fessard, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette cédex, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coolen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaminade
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Proft
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vernier
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lesch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bally-Cuif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011437:Propylamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D011437:Propylamines; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; C034800:alpha-latrotoxin receptor; D008774:Methylphenidate; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride