title: Cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and ingestion of charcoal-broiled beef as potential modifiers of drug therapy and confounders of clinical trials.
abstract: A pathway of research is described, leading from the finding of an inhibitory effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on the carcinogenicity of an aminoazo dye, to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to the demonstration of enhanced drug metabolism in cigarette smokers, coffee drinkers, and people who eat charcoal-broiled beef. The results of these studies indicate that cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and the ingestion of charcoal-broiled beef (all resulting in exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) can influence the dosing regimen needed for proper drug therapy and are potential confounders of clinical trials with drugs metabolized by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. aconney@pharmacy.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Conney
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reidenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000009:adverse effects; D002606:Charcoal / Q000378:metabolism*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003069:Coffee; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D008748:Methylcholanthrene / Q000009:adverse effects; D051379:Mice; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D002606:Charcoal; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D008748:Methylcholanthrene