title: Geminin expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: possible new marker of malignancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated geminin labeling index (LI) as a new prognostic indicator of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients who underwent surgery were retrospectively referred. Labeling indices for geminin and Ki-67 were calculated and compared with clinicopathologic factors. Then, the concordance of positivity between 2 LIs was evaluated using the color difference quotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (range) of LIs for geminin and Ki-67 was 1.0% (0.05%-14.9%) and 1.5% (0.02%-8.8%), respectively. When the high LI was defined as more than 2.0% according to the receiver operating characteristic curves determining the metastasis, both geminin LI (hazard ratio [HR], 31.382; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.177-309.99; P = 0.003) and Ki-67 LI (HR, 6.182; 95% CI, 1.221-31.298; P = 0.028) were significant risk factors of recurrence in the univariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier curves consistently exhibited the superiority of geminin LI (log rank, P < 0.001) to Ki-67 LI (log rank, P = 0.041) in predicting the disease-free survival. In the color difference quotation, the median ΔE of geminin stain (16.12; range, 5.8-41.9) was significantly larger than that of Ki-67 stain (13.17; range, 3.4-37.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The geminin LI was suggested to be more closely correlated with outcome and had more consistent positivity than the Ki-67 LI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gotohda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064248:Geminin; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C577995:GMNN protein, human; D064248:Geminin; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen