title: Retracted: Ischemia postconditioning and mesenchymal stem cells engraftment synergistically attenuate ischemia reperfusion-induced lung injury in rats.
abstract: It has been reported that ischemic postconditioning (IPO) or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) engraftment could protect organs from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We investigated the synergetic effects of combined treatment on lung injury induced by I/R.
  
  
  
  Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: sham-operated control, I/R, IPO, MSC engraftment, and IPO plus MSC engraftment. Lung injury was assessed by arterial blood gas analysis, the wet/dry lung weight ratio, superoxide dismutase level, malondialdehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, and tissue histologic changes. Cytokine expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end assay and annexin V staining.
  
  
  
  MSC engraftment or IPO alone markedly attenuated the lung wet/dry weight ratio, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase production, and lung pathologic injury and enhanced arterial partial oxygen pressure, superoxide dismutase content, inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and decreased cell apoptosis in lung tissue, compared with the I/R group. In contrast, IPO pretreatment enhanced the protective effects of MSC on I/R-induced lung injury compared with treatment alone. Moreover, in the combined treatment group, the number of MSC engraftments in the lung tissue was increased, associated with enhanced survival of MSCs compared with MSC treatment alone. Additional investigation showed that IPO treatment increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in I/R lung tissue.
  
  
  
  IPO might contribute to the homing and survival of transplanted MSCs and enhance their therapeutic effects through improvement of the microenvironment of I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuchen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liangwan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jiangbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiangqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Mingqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C575935:CXCL12 protein, rat; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D016207:Cytokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase