title: Olfactory dysfunction in seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The limitation in olfactory function in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) can be ascribed to an increase in eosinophilic and mast cell activity in the olfactory cleft. Therefore, the decrease in olfactory functions seems to be predominantly caused by the inflammation of the epithelium and not by the obstruction of the nose caused by the inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Olfactory dysfunction is frequently seen in patients with AR; however, little is known about the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the olfactory function in patients with seasonal or perennial AR, and to correlate the results with data obtained by analysis of nasal secretion and obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Olfactory function was tested using the Sniffin´Sticks test in patients with seasonal or perennial AR and in a control group. Nasal secretion analysis included eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and tryptase testing. Nasal obstruction was evaluated by rhinomanometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with AR (seasonal and perennial) showed impaired olfactory functions in comparison with the control group. Nasal secretion analysis showed increased values of ECP and tryptase in the seasonal group in comparison with controls. Rhinomanometry showed no differences in nasal flow between the three groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany. sven.becker@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pflugbeil
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gröger
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canis
authors.forename: Georg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ledderose
authors.forename: Matthias F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D053802:Tryptases / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein; D053802:Tryptases