title: Effects of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin and intravenous unfractionated heparin on serum S100 concentrations in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S100 plays an important role in diagnosis and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. The objective was to investigate the effects of clinical heparins administrations on serum S100 concentrations in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty cases were enrolled in this study, including 10 patients with percutaneous carotid intervention receiving intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) at the beginning of stenting (group A1), 10 patients with carotid angiography receiving UFH-free therapy (group A2), 10 patients with cerebral infarction receiving subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) anticoagulation therapy (group B1) and 10 patients with cerebral infarction receiving LMWH-free therapy (group B2). S100 concentrations were analyzed before and after heparin administrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A rapid increase of serum S100 (median, 1.74-fold, p<0.05) was observed in group A1 within 15 min of UFH administration. In group B1, S100 significantly increased (median, 1.44-fold, p<0.05) at 3 h after LMWH injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both intravenous UFH and subcutaneous LMWH administration induced increases in serum S100 concentrations. It should be taken into account when using S100 as a biomarker of cerebrovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chuanxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guixi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhaogang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Lutao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D009418:S100 Proteins