title: Effects of oral isosorbide and glycerol on intraocular pressure, serum osmolality, and blood glucose in normal dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effects of oral isosorbide and glycerol on intraocular pressure (IOP), serum osmolality (SOSM), and blood glucose (BG) in normal dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten normal dogs were administered an oral dose of either isosorbide (1.5 g/kg), glycerol (1.5g/kg) or control (water, 2 mL/kg) in a double blind protocol. Prior to dosing, baseline IOP, SOSM, and BG were measured in all dogs. IOP was subsequently evaluated every 30 min for 6h post-dosing. BG and SOSM were reassessed at times 1, 2, 4, and 6h post-dosing. After 1-week washout periods, every dog was subject to each of the three treatments. The dogs were held NPO for 4h after dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximal decrease in IOP was 17% by 1h and 13.5% by 30min after glycerol and isosorbide administration, respectively. However, the overall changes in IOP were not significant when compared to the controls. SOSM increased above baseline after dosing with glycerol but decreased after isosorbide, which difference was significant at 1, 2, and 4 h post-administration. BG significantly increased after administration of glycerol relative to the control but was not significantly affected by isosorbide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither glycerol nor isosorbide significantly affected IOP when compared to the control. However, glycerol induced significant elevations in both BG relative to the control and SOSM relative to isosorbide.
authors.affiliation: Eye Care For Animals, Las Vegas, NV, USA. nwasserman@eyecareforanimals.com
authors.forename: Neal T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kennard
authors.forename: Zachary N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Felchle
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D007547:Isosorbide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005990:Glycerol; D007547:Isosorbide