title: Nasopharyngeal disease in cats: 1. Diagnostic investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal discharge, sneezing and upper respiratory noise are frequent presenting signs in feline practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The small nasal cavity of the cat can make visualisation of lesions challenging. In addition, investigations may identify only secondary complications of a disease process, rather than the initial aetiological agent.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nasopharyngeal disease is a worldwide problem. However, fungal disease shows regional variations in prevalence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This review, aimed at general practitioners as well as those undertaking more specialist investigations in feline respiratory disease, aims to provide practical guidance on the approach necessary to obtain a diagnosis in cats with nasopharyngeal disease. It should also help to explain why a specific diagnosis may not always be possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  While access to endoscopy and computed tomography is advantageous, extensive information can be gained from equipment readily available in all practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information presented in this article is based on peer-reviewed publications and the clinical experience of the authors.
authors.affiliation: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK. nreed1@staffmail.ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nicki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Danièlle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunn-Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002415:Cats; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D009302:Nasopharyngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000662:veterinary; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000662:veterinary; D010173:Palpation / Q000662:veterinary; D011127:Polyps / Q000662:veterinary; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000662:veterinary; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*