title: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast: a case report with a special analysis of an association with human papilloma virus.
abstract: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the breast is a very rare tumor, and fewer than 20 cases have been reported. A recent report suggested the implication of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of breast LELC. We report a case of LELC of the breast with a review of its relevance to an association with HPV. A 45-year-old female patient presented with a solid mass in the outer-upper part of her left breast, which was diagnosed as malignant (ductal carcinoma) by fine-needle aspiration cytology. The patient underwent a quadrantectomy of the breast and axillary sentinel node biopsy. Pathological examination revealed cohesive sheets or nests of malignant epithelial cells, with unclear circumscription in a background of diffuse lymphoid infiltration; the postsurgical clinical stage was pT1pN0M0, stage 1. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the tumor was triple negative and basal-like breast cancer. In the present case in situ hybridization demonstrated positive HPV signals in a few tumor cells; however, polymerase chain reaction study failed to detect HPV in tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report on HPV infection associated with breast LELC.
authors.affiliation: Nio Breast Surgery Clinic, Kyoto, Japan. nio@star.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nio
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
authors.forename: Riruke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged