title: The level of serum anti-Müllerian hormone correlates with vitamin D status in men and women but not in boys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a gonad-specific hormone, which is extensively used as a marker of gonadal status. The level of serum AMH has a high variance in similar individuals for reasons that are unknown. The AMH gene promoter contains a vitamin D response element that may cause vitamin D status to influence serum AMH levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether serum levels of AMH are related to 25-hydroxyitamin D [25(OH)D)] status.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a correlative and intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cohorts of participants were analyzed; mature men (n = 113), premenopausal women (n = 33), and 5- to 6-yr-old boys (n = 74). Women were given a daily supplement of ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, or a placebo for 6 months and provided baseline and posttreatment blood samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum AMH and 25(OH)D were measured and analyzed for covariation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum AMH positively correlated with 25(OH)D in men (r = 0.22, P = 0.02) but not boys. Both 25(OH)D and AMH levels exhibited seasonal variation in women, with an 18% decrease in AMH levels in winter compared with summer (P = 0.01). Change in AMH level correlated with the initial AMH level and the magnitude of change in vitamin D levels (r = 0.36, P = 0.004). Cholecalciferol supplementation prevented seasonal AMH change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D may be a positive regulator of AMH production in adults, and vitamin D deficiency may confound clinical decisions based on AMH. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered when serum AMH levels are obtained for diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Andre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Rij
authors.forename: Kirstie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: McLennan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012621:Seasons; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D014807:Vitamin D; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone