title: Xenogenic esophagus scaffolds fixed with several agents: comparative in vivo study of rejection and inflammation.
abstract: Most infants with long-gap esophageal atresia receive an esophageal replacement with tissue from stomach or colon, because the native esophagus is too short for true primary repair. Tissue-engineered esophageal conducts could present an attractive alternative. In this paper, circular decellularized porcine esophageal scaffold tissues were implanted subcutaneously into Sprague-Dawley rats. Depending on scaffold cross-linking with genipin, glutaraldehyde, and carbodiimide (untreated scaffolds : positive control; bovine pericardium : gold standard), the number of infiltrating fibroblasts, lymphocytes, macrophages, giant cells, and capillaries was determined to quantify the host response after 1, 9, and 30 days. Decellularized esophagus scaffolds were shown to maintain native matrix morphology and extracellular matrix composition. Typical inflammatory reactions were observed in all implants; however, the cellular infiltration was reduced in the genipin group. We conclude that genipin is the most efficient and best tolerated cross-linking agent to attenuate inflammation and to improve the integration of esophageal scaffolds into its surrounding tissue after implantation.
authors.affiliation: Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine-TRM, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. holger.koch@trm.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Cora
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graneist
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Emmrich
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Till
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aupperle
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schierle
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boldt
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004947:Esophagus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D039823:Iridoids; D004247:DNA; C007834:genipin