title: Low vitamin D levels, prediabetes and prehypertension in healthy African American adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if customary lower serum vitamin D concentrations in healthy African American (AA) adults are associated with modest elevations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or resting blood pressure (BP). Numerous health disparities between African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) adults, especially those which increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, have been attributed to lower serum vitamin D concentrations in the AA. Prediabetes (PreDM) and prehypertension (PreHTN) are significantly more prevalent in healthy disease free CA adults with serum vitamin D concentrations below the 75th percentile for the Caucasian cohort. We hypothesized that despite overall lower serum vitamin D concentrations in AA, an increase in the prevalence for PreDM and PreHTN would be seen in those with low vitamin D levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disease free AA adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006 were assessed. PreDM and PreHTN were diagnosed using the ADA and JNC 7 criteria: (FPG) 100-125 mg/dL and resting systolic (SBP) 120-139 and/or diastolic (DBP) 80-89 mm Hg, respectively. Logistic regression was employed to assess effects of low vitamin D concentrations on the odds for PreDM and PreHTN (n = 621). Age, gender and BMI adjusted odds ratio for co-morbid PreDM and PreHTN in AA men (n = 343) and women (n = 278) with vitamin D levels ≤45.4 versus >45.4 nmol/L was 2.02 (1.11, 3.68), (p < 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluating serum vitamin D levels, with consideration for supplementation in seemingly healthy AA adults with prediabetes, prehypertension, or co-existing prediabetes and prehypertension, has merit.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. alok.gupta@pbrc.edu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brashear
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014807:Vitamin D