title: Dose-effect and metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid: pathophysiological relevance in blood platelets.
abstract: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known as a major nutrient from marine origin. Considering its beneficial effect in vascular risk prevention, the effect of DHA on blood components, especially platelets, will be reviewed here. Investigating the dose-effect of DHA in humans shows that daily intake lower than one gram/day brings several benefits, such as inhibition of platelet aggregation, resistance of monocytes against apoptosis, and reinforced antioxidant status in platelets and low-density lipoproteins. However, higher daily intake may be less efficient on those parameters, especially by losing the antioxidant effect. On the other hand, a focus on the inhibition of platelet aggregation by lipoxygenase end-products of DHA is made. The easy conversion of DHA by lipoxygenases and the formation of a double lipoxygenation product named protectin DX, reveal an original way for DHA to contribute in platelet inhibition through both the cyclooxygenase inhibition and the antagonism of thromboxane A₂ action.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 INSERM CarMeN, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, France. michel.lagarde@insa-lyon.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagarde
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calzada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guichardant
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Véricel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C000591716:10,17-dihydroxydocosa-4,7,11,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid; D000975:Antioxidants; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D016877:Oxidants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D058945:Lipoxygenases