title: Study of hemostatic biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke by clinical subtype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the usefulness of hemostatic biomarkers in assessing the pathology of thrombus formation, subtype diagnosis, prognosis in the acute phase of cerebral infarction, and differences between various hemostatic biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study included 69 patients with acute cerebral infarction who had been hospitalized within 2 days of stroke onset. Fibrin monomer complex (FMC), soluble fibrin (SF), D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin III complex, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) were assayed as hemostatic biomarkers on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 of hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cardioembolic (CE) stroke group, FMC and SF levels were significantly higher on days 1 and 2 of hospitalization, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher on day 1 of hospitalization, compared to the noncardioembolic (non-CE) stroke group. FDP levels were significantly higher at all times in the CE group compared to the non-CE group. Neither the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) used during hospitalization nor the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) used at discharge found any significant correlations to hemostatic biomarkers, but the NIHSS score during hospitalization was significantly higher in the CE group than in the non-CE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of hemostatic biomarkers, such as FMC, SF, and D-dimer on the early stage of cerebral infarction are useful for distinguishing between CE and non-CE stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. hiranok@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Shutaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dougu
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nukui
authors.forename: Hirohumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Kortaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen