title: Characterization of an IncFII plasmid encoding NDM-1 from Escherichia coli ST131.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current spread of the gene encoding the metallo-ß-lactamase NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae is linked to a variety of surrounding genetic structures and plasmid scaffolds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The whole sequence of plasmid pGUE-NDM carrying the bla(NDM-1) gene was determined by high-density pyrosequencing and a genomic comparative analysis with other bla(NDM-1)-negative IncFII was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasmid pGUE-NDM replicating in Escherichia coli confers resistance to many antibiotic molecules including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. It is 87,022 bp in-size and carries the two β-lactamase genes bla(NDM-1) and bla(OXA-1), together with three aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA4, aadA2, and aacC2. Comparative analysis of the multidrug resistance locus contained a module encompassing the bla(NDM-1) gene that is actually conserved among different structures identified in other enterobacterial isolates. This module was constituted by the bla(NDM-1) gene, a fragment of insertion sequence ISAba125 and a bleomycin resistance encoding gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first characterized bla(NDM-1)-carrying IncFII-type plasmid. Such association between the bla(NDM-1) gene and an IncFII-type plasmid backbone is extremely worrisome considering that this plasmid type is known to spread efficiently, as examplified with the worldwide dissemination of bla(CTX-M-15)-borne IncFII plasmids.
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, INSERM U914 Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Rémy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bonnin
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirel
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carattoli
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordmann
mesh_terms: D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C573058:beta lactamase NDM-4, E coli; D001618:beta-Lactamases