title: [Exposure assessment on dietary lead and cadmium of residents in three areas of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2010].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety of dietary lead and cadmium intake in 3 areas of Zhejiang province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the total dietary study method, the study was conducted in 3 regions which represented coastal, city and rural areas in Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2010. The dietary survey was conducted on the residents (512 subjects) and the categories and volume of food consumption were obtained. The analytical food samples were obtained by food consumption survey, food aggregation, food sampling and preparation. The food samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The safety of dietary lead and cadmium intake was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median dietary lead intake (P₅₀) in Zhejiang province was 37.8 µg/d. The 97.5% dietary lead intake (P₉₇.₅) was 72.3 µg/d. The P₅₀ dietary lead intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 23.2 to 44.2 µg/d. The P₉₇.₅ dietary lead intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 34.2 to 88.1 µg/d. The P₅₀ dietary cadmium intake in Zhejiang province was 9.6 µg/d. The P₉₇.₅ dietary cadmium intake was 15.7 µg/d. The P₅₀ dietary cadmium intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 6.4 to 11.4 µg/d, accounting 15.6% - 42.6% of PTMI (provisional tolerable monthly intake, 25 µg/kg). The P₉₇.₅ dietary cadmium intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 10.5 to 21.4 µg/d, accounting 27.5% - 77.6% of PTMI. Vegetable (11.3 µg), cereal (11.0 µg) and meat (9.8 µg) were the first three food sources which accounted for 84.9% of dietary lead (P₅₀: 37.8 µg/d). Cereal (3.6 µg), vegetable (2.1 µg) and legume (0.9 µg) were the first three food sources which accounted for 68.8% of dietary cadmium (P₅₀: 9.6 µg/d).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary lead and cadmium intakes of most residents in 3 areas of Zhejiang province as well as the average level are safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors.forename: Li-chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Rong-hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yue-qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: He-xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gang-qiang
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead