title: Recirculating elutriator for extracting gastrointestinal nematode larvae from pasture herbage samples.
abstract: Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites present an important limitation to ruminant production worldwide. Methods for quantifying infective larvae of GIN on pastures are generally tedious, time-consuming, and require bulky equipment set-ups. This limitation to expedient data collection is a bottleneck in development of pasture management practices that might reduce pasture infectivity. We modified a soil elutriator concept for extracting GIN larvae from fresh herbage samples. Elutriators were constructed from readily available parts and compared to the Baermann funnel sedimentation method for larvae extraction. More samples could be extracted per day in the elutriator than in a Baermann unit with extraction times of 8 min versus 24h, respectively. Accuracy, measured as maximum recovery of larvae seeded onto herbage samples, did not differ between extraction methods (62.3 vs. 69.8% for elutriator and Baermann, respectively, P>0.05). Larvae recovery from herbage in elutriators showed a strong log(e) relationship with extraction time (r(2)>0.98), which will allow development of accurate correction factors for specific herbages to predict total larvae densities at extraction times less than those needed for maximum recovery. An extraction time of 8 min per sample gave the best compromise of speed, accuracy, and precision as measured by regression confidence bands and root mean square error of analysis of variance. Precision of the elutriator extraction for pasture samples was comparable to published methods and was not affected by forage species or canopy strata. The elutriator method was sensitive enough to detect differences in larvae density as small as 8 larvae g(-1) DM among pasture treatments. Elutriators extracted nematode larvae from herbage samples with accuracy and precision similar to existing methods, but did it much faster. Elutriation shows promise as a rapid method for extracting infective GIN larvae from pasture herbage.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Rd., Beaver, WV 25813, USA. kacassida@gmail.com
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cassida
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D006041:Goats; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010944:Plants