title: Early onset of acquired comitant non-accommodative esotropia in childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of acquired comitant non-accommodative esotropia without obvious cause in children with an early onset ≤ three years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 consecutive patients (13 females) with acquired comitant non-accommodative esotropia underwent strabismus surgery. Outcome measures included amount of deviation and level of binocularity at last follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An acute onset of strabismus was observed in 83 % of patients. Accompanying features such as diplopia, covering one eye or stumbling were observed in 40 % of the children. Cycloplegic retinoscopy revealed a mild to moderate hypermetropia in all children (mean hypermetropia + 2.2 diopters). 90.5 % of children were aligned within 8 PD of orthotropia. 81 % regained normal stereovision (Lang I/II).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All children exhibited the typical features of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) type II (Burian-Franceschetti). Collective characteristics of this form of strabismus are a comitant and relatively large deviation, mild hypermetropia, a potential of normal binocular cooperation and absence of an accommodative component and neurological pathology. Time and suddenness of strabismus onset may be less helpful in defining this entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Hamburg, Germany. veit_sturm@yahoo.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Menke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Töteberg
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Jaggi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schoeffler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004948:Esotropia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome