title: Aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine encapsulated in liposomes: activity against naturally occurring dog breast cancer cells.
abstract: Breast tumors represent the most common malignant tumors. Current treatments for humans and pets rely on tumor excision and adjuvant chemotherapy, which may affect both cancer cells and normal cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved treatment modality for a variety of cancers and was recently recommended as a first-line treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers for humans. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of PDT using aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine that is encapsulated in liposomes and LED as a light source to kill naturally occurring female dog breast cancer in vitro. The cytotoxicity behavior of the encapsulated photosensitizer in the dark and under irradiation using the 670 nm laser were investigated using classical trypan blue and MTT cell viability tests, acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining to label organelles, and cell morphology. Cell morphology was evaluated using light and electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate a reduced cell viability that is associated with morphologic alterations. The neoplasic cell destruction was predominantly mediated via a necrotic process, which was assayed using acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining. These findings were confirmed using light and electronic microscopy. The photosensitizer or laser irradiation alone did not induce cytotoxicity or morphological alterations, indicating the safety and efficacy of PDT with chloro-aluminum-phthalocyanine that was encapsulated in liposomes for the treatment of breast cancer cells in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, Brasília University, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Martha S T
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Carolina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lucci
authors.forename: João Paulo F
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Paula D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Galera
authors.forename: Andreza R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Simioni
authors.forename: Zulmira G M
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Lacava
authors.forename: Antônio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.forename: Ricardo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009336:Necrosis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D008081:Liposomes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C044797:chloroaluminum phthalocyanine