title: The effect of temperature on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate leaching from PVC infusion sets exposed to lipid emulsions.
abstract: Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) infusion equipment contains substantial amounts of the plasticiser di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). We determined the amount of DEHP leached from Mediplus Dual TIVA(®) Infusion sets, into lipid and non-lipid infusates. Two propofol admixtures (Diprivan(®) 1%, Propoven(®) 1%), Intralipid(®) 10% and 0.9% saline were evaluated as infusates. Solutions were infused through TIVA sets at 12 ml.h(-1) for 6 h at 24, 32 and 37 °C. In addition, TIVA sets were filled with 2 ml infusates, sealed and incubated at 24 and 37 °C for 6 h. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in all lipid infusates after dynamic infusion and static contact, and in 0.9% saline after dynamic infusion at 37 °C. At 32 and 37 °C, the quantity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate leaching into the lipid infusates may exceed the recommended maximum exposure amount set by the European Union for DEHP of 20-48 μg.kg(-1) day(-1) if lipid based infusates are used for sedation or intravenous feeding of infants or neonates.
authors.affiliation:  Research Student.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation:  Principle Healthcare Scientist, Department of Pharmacy, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Priston
authors.affiliation:  Research Fellow, Anaesthesia Research Group, Peninsula College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rigby-Jones
authors.affiliation:  Vice Dean and Professor of Anaesthesia, Peninsula College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sneyd
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002845:Chromatography; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000737:chemistry*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D015742:Propofol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D010743:Phospholipids; D010968:Plasticizers; C545823:soybean oil, phospholipid emulsion; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013024:Soybean Oil; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D015742:Propofol