title: Urinary excretion and metabolism of procyanidins in pigs.
abstract: METHODS
  Aim of this study was to investigate urinary excretion and metabolism of procyanidins a group of secondary plant metabolites with many beneficial health effects described in literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To investigate the metabolism of procyanidins in the absence of flavan-3-ols, centrifugal partition chromatography was used for their reduction in a grape seed extract to a level of almost zero. After administration of the monomer reduced grape seed extract (mredGSE) containing procyanidins B1, B2, B3, B4, C1 to pigs flavan-3-ols, their methyl derivatives, dimeric and trimeric procyanidins were determined in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Maximal concentrations of procyanidins 6 h after administration vary from 5 to 30 ng/mg creatinine. Total excretion of flavan-3-ols and their methyl derivatives indicates an increasing trend for pigs given mredGSE in comparison to pigs of the control group. Flavan-3-ols were conjugated and methylated to a great extent in comparison to dimeric and trimeric procyanidins. In the case of low molecular weight metabolites, an increasing trend was observed for hippuric acid, not for phenolic acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ratios of total excretion of procyanidins to administrated amounts between 0.004% (C1) and 0.019% (B4) suggest a poor urinary excretion by pigs. A transfer of these results to humans is possible due to their similar gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rzeppa
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Döll
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dänicke
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Humpf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine*; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C404987:flavan-3-ol; D003404:Creatinine