title: Reproductive variables of Urotrygon rogersi (Batoidea: Urotrygonidae): a species with a triannual reproductive cycle in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
abstract: Reproductive aspects of the round ray Urotrygon rogersi were studied based on 2005 specimens obtained in the artisanal shrimp fishery operating on the Colombian Pacific coast. Females reached greater maximum total length (L(T) ), disc width (W(D) ) and mass (M) (38·0 cm, 19·9 cm and 348 g) than males (32·5 cm, 17·0 cm and 165 g). Sex ratio of juveniles and adults was 1:1. Clasper length increased rapidly between 10·0 and 12·5 cm W(D) . The smallest mature male measured 10·5 cm W(D) and the largest immature individual 13·7 cm W(D) . Male first maturity was reached at 61·8% of maximum W(D) , and estimated W(D50) was between 11·5 and 11·8 cm. The smallest mature female measured 10·5 cm W(D) ; the size at first maturity was 52·8% of maximum W(D) , and estimated W(D50) was between 11·8 and 12·3 cm. Embryos were found in females ≥ 10·5 cm W(D) and maximum fecundity was three embryos per female (mode = 1) and varied with maternal size. Embryos were found in all months, but three birthing peaks per year were identified and a gestation period of 4-5 months estimated. Based on ovulation time, embryonic growth and parturition dates, a triannual reproductive cycle was inferred for this species, with overlapping ovarian and uterine cycles. These results suggest that U. rogersi has a reproductive strategy based on low fecundity, a rapid reproductive cycle (short ovulation and gestation time), three birth peaks per year and large embryos. This strategy probably allows U. rogersi to withstand the fishing pressure they are subject to on the Colombian Pacific coast. The results also suggest that the study area is an important nursery and reproductive area for this species.
authors.affiliation: Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas, SQUALUS, Carrera 79 No 6-37, Cali, Colombia. pmejia@squalus.org
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mejía-Falla
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Navia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cortés
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D003105:Colombia; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D008297:Male; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010507:Periodicity; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012744:Sex Ratio; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000502:physiology*