title: Take-up of public insurance and crowd-out of private insurance under recent CHIP expansions to higher income children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effects of states' expansions of Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) eligibility to children in higher income families on health insurance coverage outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  2002-2009 Current Population Survey linked to multiple secondary data sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Instrumental variables estimation of linear probability models. Outcomes are whether the child had any public insurance, any private insurance, or no insurance coverage during the year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among children in families with incomes between two and four times the federal poverty line (FPL), four enrolled in CHIP for every 100 who became eligible. Roughly half of the newly eligible children who took up public insurance were previously uninsured. The upper bound "crowd-out" rate was estimated to be 46 percent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CHIP expansions to children in higher income families were associated with limited uptake of public coverage. Our results additionally suggest that there was crowd-out of private insurance coverage.
authors.affiliation: RAND Corporation, 1200 S. Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. gresenz@rand.org
authors.forename: Carole Roan
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gresenz
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Edgington
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laugesen
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Escarce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017059:Models, Econometric; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States