title: Isolation, structure characterization, and immunomodulating activity of a hyperbranched polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense.
abstract: A polysaccharide (GSP-6B) with a molecular mass of 1.86 × 10⁶ Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense . Chemical composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were conducted to elucidate its structure. GSP-6B contains a backbone of (1→6)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, bearing branches at the O-3 position of every two sugar residues along the backbone. The side chains contain (1→4)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, (1→3)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, and nonreducing end β-D-glucopyranosyl residues. An in vitro immunomodulating activity assay revealed that GSP-6B could significantly induce the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and showed no toxicity to either PBMC or a human macrophage cell line THP-1. GSP-6B could also activate dendritic cells (DC) by stimulating the secretion of IL-12 and IL-10 from DC.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chung Lap Chan
authors.forename: Cai-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yin-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chun-Hay
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gar-Lee Yue
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Kwok
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bik-San Lau
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Pang-Chui
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Kwok-Pui
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Ping-Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Wen-Luan
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Quan-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002460:Cell Line; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry*; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12