title: Evaluation of influenza virus A/H3N2 and B vaccines on the basis of cross-reactivity of postvaccination human serum antibodies against influenza viruses A/H3N2 and B isolated in MDCK cells and embryonated hen eggs.
abstract: The vaccine strains against influenza virus A/H3N2 for the 2010-2011 season and influenza virus B for the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons in Japan are a high-growth reassortant A/Victoria/210/2009 (X-187) strain and an egg-adapted B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage) strain, respectively.  Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with postinfection ferret antisera indicated that the antisera raised against the X-187 and egg-adapted B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine production strains poorly inhibited recent epidemic isolates of MDCK-grown A/H3N2 and B/Victoria lineage viruses, respectively. The low reactivity of the ferret antisera may be attributable to changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of production strains during egg adaptation. To evaluate the efficacy of A/H3N2 and B vaccines, the cross-reactivities of postvaccination human serum antibodies against A/H3N2 and B/Victoria lineage epidemic isolates were assessed by a comparison of the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of HI and neutralization (NT) tests. Serum antibodies elicited by the X-187 vaccine had low cross-reactivity to both MDCK- and egg-grown A/H3N2 isolates by HI test and narrow cross-reactivity by NT test in all age groups. On the other hand, the GMTs to B viruses detected by HI test were below the marginal level, so the cross-reactivity was assessed by NT test. The serum neutralizing antibodies elicited by the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine reacted well with egg-grown B viruses but exhibited remarkably low reactivity to MDCK-grown B viruses. The results of these human serological studies suggest that the influenza A/H3N2 vaccine for the 2010-2011 season and B vaccine for the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons may possess insufficient efficacy and low efficacy, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikematsu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takashita
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shin'ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Sumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: Jih-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odagiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines