title: Drugs, Women and Violence in the Americas: U.S. Quantitative Results of a Multi-Centric Pilot Project (Phase 2).
abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the collective and individual experiences that Latin American females in the U.S. have with substance abuse, violence and risky sexual behaviors.  METHODS: This study was conducted in two phases from July 2006 to June 2007 in south Florida. This paper covers Phase 2. In Phase 2, questionnaires were provided to women to test whether there is a relationship between demographics, acculturation, depression, self-esteem and substance use/abuse; whether there is a relationship between demographics, acculturation, depression, self-esteem and violence exposure and victimization; whether there is a relationship between demographics, acculturation, depression, self-esteem, HIV knowledge and STD and HIV/AIDS risks among respondents; and whether there is a relationship between substance abuse, violence victimization and HIV/AIDS risks among respondents.  RESULTS: Participants reported high rates of alcohol and drug abuse among their current or most recent partners. This is a major concern because partner alcohol use and drug use was related to partner physical, sexual and psychological abuse. Only two factors were associated with lifetime drug use: income and acculturation. Over half of the participants reported being victims of at least one form of abuse during childhood and adulthood. A substantial component of abuse reported during adulthood was perpetrated by a currently or recent intimate partner.  CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest that substance abuse, violence and HIV should be addressed in an integrative and comprehensive manner. Recommendations for the development of policies, programs and services addressing substance abuse, violence and risk for HIV among Latinos are provided.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami. Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rosa María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: González-Guarda
authors.forename: Nilda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peragallo
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemes