title: In vivo experiments and numerical investigations on nanocryosurgical freezing of target tissues with large blood vessels.
abstract: This study presented the first in vivo animal experiments of using nano-cryosurgical modality to completely freezing tumor tissues embedded with large blood vessels, which is a tough issue to tackle otherwise. Three-dimensional theoretical simulations were also performed on the complex freezing problems by considering flow and heat transfer of blood flow in large vessels. According to the experimental measurements and numerical predictions, injecting the nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity into the freezing target can significantly reduce the heating effect of blood vessel, shorten the freezing time, and enlarge the freezing range. Most importantly, the introduction of nanoparticles successfully overcomes the classical challenges in completely ablating the tumor region with large blood vessel and enhancing the freezing efficacy of cryosurgery. This investigation consolidates the practical and theoretical foundation for nano-cryosurgery which suggests a highly efficient freezing strategy for treating late stage tumor.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Qiao
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013817:Thermography
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles