title: Clinical challenge of hyponatremia in heart failure.
abstract: Hyponatremia is a significant and independent predictor of outcomes including rehospitalization and mortality in patients with both acute decompensated heart failure (HF) and chronic HF. Even modest degrees of hyponatremia are associated with a poorer prognosis. Treatment options include fluid restriction and the vaptan class ("aquaretics") in select patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. hauptmpj@slu.edu
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hauptman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics