title: Morphometric analysis of aqueous humor outflow structures with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe morphometric details of the human aqueous humor (AH) outflow microvasculature visualized with 360-degree virtual castings during active AH outflow in cadaver eyes and to compare these structures with corrosion casting studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conventional AH outflow pathways of donor eyes (n = 7) and eyes in vivo (n = 3) were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and wide-bandwidth superluminescent diode array during active AH outflow. Digital image contrast was adjusted to isolate AH microvasculature, and images were viewed in a 3D viewer. Additional eyes (n = 3) were perfused with mock AH containing fluorescent tracer microspheres to compare microvasculature patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observations revealed components of the conventional outflow pathway from Schlemm's canal (SC) to the superficial intrascleral venous plexus (ISVP). The superficial ISVP in both our study and corrosion casts were composed of interconnected venules (10-50 μm) forming a hexagonal meshwork. Larger radial arcades (50-100 μm) drained the region nearest SC and converged with larger tortuous vessels (>100 μm). A 360-degree virtual casting closely approximated corrosion casting studies. Tracer studies corroborated our findings. Tracer decorated several larger vessels (50-100 μm) extending posteriorly from the limbus in both raw and contrast-enhanced fluorescence images. Smaller tracer-labeled vessels (30-40 μm) were seen branching between larger vessels and exhibited a similar hexagonal network pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SD-OCT is capable of detailed morphometric analysis of the conventional outflow pathway in vivo or ex vivo with details comparable to corrosion casting techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kagemann
authors.forename: Gadi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wollstein
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Folz
authors.forename: Darryl R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Overby
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schuman
mesh_terms: D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000098:blood supply; D001082:Aqueous Humor; D002102:Cadaver; D016319:Corrosion Casting; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D055806:Microvessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014699:Venules / Q000033:anatomy & histology