title: Expression of CDX2 and villin in gastric cardiac intestinal metaplasia and the relation with gastric cardiac carcinogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether CDX2 and villin protein expression are associated with intestinal metaplasia (IM) in gastric cardiac mucosa and to explore the relationship with evolution of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 143 gastric cardiac biopsy or resection specimens from Henan province China, including 25 cardiac gastritis specimens with IM, 65 dysplasia specimens with IM and 35 gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma specimens and stained them for CDX2 and villin by the immunohistochemical SP method. 15 normal gastric cardiac biopsy specimens were also collected as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Normal gastric mucosa presented no CDX2 and villin expression. The positive rates of CDX2 protein in cardiac gastritis with IM, dysplasia with IM, and carcinoma tissues were 84.0% (21/25), 66.7% (32/48) and 36.4% (20/55), respectively. While the positive rates of villin protein in cardiac gastritis with IM, dysplasia with IM, and carcinoma tissues were 76.0% (19/25), 70.8% (34/48) and 45.5% (25/55), respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups for both CDX2 and villin (P<0.01). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient(rho) showed a close correlation between the two proteins (r=0.843, P<0.01) and both were positively related with tumor differentiation (both P<0.05), but not associated with age, sex, invasion and metastasis of lymph node (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that ectopic expression of CDX2 and villin may be involved in early-stage IM and tumorigenesis in gastric cardia and the expression of villin may be regulated by CDX2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Yue
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Jiang-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: She-Gan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Shan
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D002299:Cardia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491270:CDX2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C026615:villin