title: A memory retrieval-extinction procedure to prevent drug craving and relapse.
abstract: Drug use and relapse involve learned associations between drug-associated environmental cues and drug effects. Extinction procedures in the clinic can suppress conditioned responses to drug cues, but the extinguished responses typically reemerge after exposure to the drug itself (reinstatement), the drug-associated environment (renewal), or the passage of time (spontaneous recovery). We describe a memory retrieval-extinction procedure that decreases conditioned drug effects and drug seeking in rat models of relapse, and drug craving in abstinent heroin addicts. In rats, daily retrieval of drug-associated memories 10 minutes or 1 hour but not 6 hours before extinction sessions attenuated drug-induced reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, and renewal of conditioned drug effects and drug seeking. In heroin addicts, retrieval of drug-associated memories 10 minutes before extinction sessions attenuated cue-induced heroin craving 1, 30, and 180 days later. The memory retrieval-extinction procedure is a promising nonpharmacological method for decreasing drug craving and relapse during abstinence.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yi-Xiao
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hai-Shui
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Li-Fen
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zeng-Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yan-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Yavin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaham
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D003463:Cues; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D023421:Models, Animal; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000201:enzymology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D012646:Self Administration; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C504730:protein kinase M zeta, rat; D003042:Cocaine