title: Dantrolene sodium for the treatment of aldesleukin-induced rigors in a melanoma patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the case of a 58-year-old male with melanoma who developed aldesleukin-induced rigors and was successfully treated with intravenous dantrolene sodium 20 mg and provide a review of the literature discussing other agents that have been used to treat drug-induced rigors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 58-year-old male was treated with 720,000 IU/kg of aldesleukin every 8 hours as part of his antimelanoma therapy. The patient developed rigors after aldesleukin administration and was successfully treated with 25 mg of meperidine. Later, he experienced renal dysfunction that was also linked to aldesleukin therapy and developed normeperidine-induced neurotoxicity requiring discontinuation of meperidine therapy. The rigors were treated with intravenous dantrolene sodium 20 mg every 4 hours, with complete resolution of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several antineoplastic agents can cause rigors; many of these agents can also lead to renal failure. Several agents have been investigated for their use in the management of rigors but can cause adverse effects or are unsuitable in the setting of renal insufficiency or failure. Although meperidine remains the mainstay for the treatment and prevention of rigors, it can be associated with neurotoxicity in some patients, particularly those with impaired renal function. Given that dantrolene has been shown to be effective against rigors, it may be a useful alternative for patients who can not tolerate meperidine. Drugs with a more favorable adverse effect profile that are not eliminated through the kidneys are needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the oncology setting, severe rigors can result in the interruption of a patient's cancer therapy, which can increase the risk of treatment failure. Dantrolene may be a useful alternative for patients experiencing rigors who can not tolerate meperidine.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department of Pharmacy, Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. laleh.azari@mlh.org
authors.forename: Laleh M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Azari
authors.forename: Vivien S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Jasgit C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.forename: Terreia S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D023341:Chills / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D012768:Shivering / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003620:Dantrolene; C082598:aldesleukin