title: Cases of hemolytic anemia with periprosthetic leaks evaluated by real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: Hemolytic anemia is recognized as a rare complication of mitral valve replacement or repair. We report on a 44-year-old man with shortness of breath and hemolytic anemia, 23 years after mitral valve replacement (Hall-Kaster), and a 63-year-old woman diagnosed of hemolytic anemia, 4 years after mitral and tricuspid annuloplasty (Tailor ring, An-core ring). Routine 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography revealed paravalvular leakage around the prosthesis. Subsequent real-time 3-dimensional (3D)transesophageal echocardiography helped the perceptional appreciation of the leakage and the measuring of the regurgitant orifice area using the anatomically correct plane. Surgical findings of each case fit those of 3D volumetric images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eui-Jong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Tae-Yop
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sang-Phil
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yang