title: Fatal myocarditis in a child with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis during treatment with an interleukin 1 receptor antagonist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathologic diagnosis of isolated myocarditis without pericardial involvement is uncommonly encountered in systemic onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (soJIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  An eleven year-old boy with soJIA died suddenly while being treated with the interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor inhibitor, anakinra. His autopsy revealed an enlarged heart and microscopic findings were consistent with myocarditis, but not pericarditis. Viral PCR testing performed on his myocardial tissue was negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates myocarditis as a fatal complication of soJIA, potentially enabled by anakinra.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Pediatric Rheumatology, 9500 Euclid Avenue/A111, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. zefta@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zeft
authors.forename: Shaji C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Dylan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller