title: Phloroglucinol inhibits the bioactivities of endothelial progenitor cells and suppresses tumor angiogenesis in LLC-tumor-bearing mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence that phloroglucinol, a compound from Ecklonia cava, induces the apoptosis of cancer cells, eventually suppressing tumor angiogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This is the first report on phloroglucinol's ability to potentially inhibit the functional bioactivities of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and thereby attenuate tumor growth and angiogenesis in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-tumor-bearing mouse model. Although Phloroglucinol did not affect their cell toxicity, it specifically inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dependent migration and capillary-like tube formation of EPCs. Our matrigel plug assay clearly indicated that orally injected phloroglucinol effectively disrupts VEGF-induced neovessel formation. Moreover, we demonstrated that when phloroglucinol is orally administered, it significantly inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis as well as CD45(-)/CD34(+) progenitor mobilization into peripheral blood in vivo in the LLC-tumor-bearing mouse model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a novel role for Phloroglucinol: Phloroglucinol might be a modulator of circulating EPC bioactivities, eventually suppressing tumorigenesis. Therefore, phloroglucinol might be a candidate compound for biosafe drugs that target tumor angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Laboratory for Functional Foods and Nutrigenomics, CHA University, Kyunggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yi-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Seok-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jun-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Boo-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen; D010696:Phloroglucinol