title: Serum metabolic profiling in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract whose pathogenesis is not completely understood. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of serum generates comprehensive metabolic profiles, reflecting systemic metabolism, which may be altered in disease states.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to use (1)H NMR-based serum metabolic profiling in the investigation of CD patients, UC patients, and controls, potentially to provide insights into disordered metabolism in IBD, and into underlying mechanisms of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum metabolic profiles were acquired from 67 individuals (24 CD patients, 20 UC patients, and 23 healthy controls). The multivariate pattern-recognition techniques of principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis with orthogonal signal correction (OSC-PLS-DA) were used to investigate differences between cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OSC-PLS-DA distinguished CD and UC cohorts with significant predictive accuracy, highlighting differences in lipid and choline metabolism. Metabolic profiles of both CD and UC cohorts, and the combined IBD cohort, differed significantly from controls: metabolites of importance in the OSC-PLS-DA models included lipoproteins (especially HDL cholesterol), choline, N-acetylglycoprotein, and amino acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1)H NMR-based metabolic profiling has identified distinct differences in serum metabolic phenotype between CD and UC patients, as well as between IBD patients and controls.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK. h.williams@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Horace R T
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Willsmore
authors.forename: I Jane
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Jeremy F L
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cobbold
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Orchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult