title: Up-regulation of galectin-3 and Sambucus nigra agglutinin binding site is associated with invasion, metastasis and poor-progression of the gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression of galectin-3 (gal-3) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) binding site and to detect their clinicopathological significances in the benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used immunohistochemistry to detect gal-3 expression and ABC affinity-cytochemistry to detect SNA binding site in specimens of adenocarcinoma, peritumoral tissues, polyp and chronic cholecystitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive expression rates of gal-3 and SNA binding site were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (62.0%, 66.7%) than those in peritumoral tissues (39.1%, 45.6%), polyp (26.7%, 33.3%) and chronic cholecystitis (11.4%, 11.4%) (p<0.05). A high consistency was found between the levels of expression of gal-3 expression and SNA binding site in adenocarcinoma (χ²=9.51, p<0.01). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased expression of gal-3 (p=0.028) or SNA binding site (p=0.030) was associated with decreased overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased expression of gal-3 (p=0.012) or SNA binding site (p=0.030) was an independent prognostic predictor in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that expression of gal-3 and SNA binding site might have important effects on the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors of gallbladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Le-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jie-Qiong
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiong-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Zhu-Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001665:Binding Sites; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000032:analysis*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D037121:Plant Lectins; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000099177:Tsg101 Protein
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D037502:Galectin 3; D037121:Plant Lectins; D011506:Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099177:Tsg101 Protein; C432965:PEG10 protein, human; C050600:Sambucus nigra lectins