title: Blebbistatin, a myosin inhibitor, is phototoxic to human cancer cells under exposure to blue light.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blebbistatin is a new inhibitor of cell motility. It is used to study dynamics of cytokinesis machinery in cells. However, the potential of this inhibitor as an anticancer agent has not been studied so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity of blebbistatin was evaluated in five human cell lines, FEMX-I melanoma, U87 glioma, androgen independent Du145 and androgen sensitive LNCaP prostate adenocarcinoma, and F11-hTERT immortalized fibroblasts. Phototoxicity of blebbistatin was assessed in these cell lines after their exposure to a blue light (390-470 nm). Photostability of blebbistatin and its reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating properties were measured during irradiation with the blue light.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blebbistatin at a concentration range of 10-200 μmol/L was toxic to all studied cells. Toxic concentrations (TC) were about 10-25 μmol/L corresponding to TC10, 50-100 μmol/L to TC50 and 140-190 μmol/L to TC90. Only for the U87 glioma cells TC90 could not be measured as the highest studied concentration of 200 μmol/L gave around 70% toxicity. However, after exposure to the blue light blebbistatin exhibited phototoxicity on the cells, with a cytotoxicity enhancement ratio that was greatest for the FEMX-I cells (about 9) followed by LNCaP (5), Du145 (3), U87 (2) and F11-hTERT (1.7) cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blebbistatin inhibits cell motility and viability. Under exposure to the blue light blebbistatin exhibits photodynamic action on human cancer cells. During the irradiation blebbistatin oxidizes dihydrorhodamine 123 but not Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings offer new possibilities for blebbistatin as a potential anticancer and photodynamic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello NO-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Aliaksandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mikulich
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavaliauskiene
authors.forename: Petras
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Juzenas
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D009218:Myosins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C472645:blebbistatin; D009218:Myosins