title: Nonparaneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case series of four children.
abstract: A rare, severe form of immune-mediated encephalitis recently has been described, associated with antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. It is reported mostly in women with ovarian tumors. Nonparaneoplastic presentations are less common. We describe four children with a neuropsychiatric and extrapyramidal syndrome associated with the presence of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, without evidence of neoplasia. Three children recovered completely after immunomodulatory therapy, i.e., intravenous immunoglobulin and/or steroids, methylprednisolone, and/or adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, P.D. Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. drsarbaniraha@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Sarbani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raha
authors.forename: Pradnya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gadgil
authors.forename: Charulata
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sankhla
authors.forename: Vrajesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Udani
mesh_terms: D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate