title: Gastroesophageal and laryngopharyngeal reflux profiles in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome as determined by combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The profiles of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) have never been explored. The aim of the study was to investigate the reflux profile in OSAHS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive snoring out-patients suspected with having OSAHS and 20 healthy volunteers were included. All subjects underwent simultaneous 24-h combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring and polysomnography. Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome was defined when the apnea/hypopnea index was over 5. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictor for OSAHS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three patients were included, 37 with and 16 without OSAHS. The prevalence of reflux symptoms was similar between OSAHS (35.1%) and non-OSHAS (37.5%) patients. More OSAHS patients, compared with non-OSAHS patients and healthy volunteers, had pathologic acid GER, nocturnal acid GER, and prolonged acid clearance (P < 0.001). However, no difference in non-acid reflux episodes was observed among the three groups. Laryngopharyngeal reflux was detected in 51.4%, 43.8%, and 35.0% of OSAHS, non-OSAHS, and healthy volunteers, respectively (P = 0.034). In OSAHS patients, there was no difference in the sleep parameters between patients with and without LPR. Body mass index was the only predictor of OSAHS in the regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSAHS patients have more pathologic acid GER and prolonged acid clearance than non-OSAHS patients whereas non-acid reflux was similar between the two groups. However, BMI, not GER, is the only independent predictor for OSAHS. Laryngopharyngeal reflux occurs in more than half of OSAHS patients despite no significant association with OSAHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Y-L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: F-Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W-P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: M-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057045:Laryngopharyngeal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires