title: A phase 1 ascending dose study of a subcutaneously administered factor IXa inhibitor and its active control agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The REG2 anticoagulation system consists of pegnivacogin, a subcutaneously administered aptamer factor IXa inhibitor, and its intravenous control agent, anivamersen.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses of REG2.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this phase 1a study, 36 healthy volunteers were enrolled into five cohorts and given one dose of pegnivacogin. Cohorts 1 (n = 6) and 1A (n = 4) received 0.5 mg kg(-1); cohort 2 (n = 6) received 1.0 mg kg(-1); cohort 3 (n = 6) received 3.0 mg kg(-1); and cohort 4 (n = 8) received 2.0 mg kg(-1) . In cohorts 1-3, two subjects were randomized to placebo. Cohort 4 subjects were subsequently randomized to single-dose (n = 4) or multidose (n = 4) anivamersen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximum observed concentrations of pegnivacogin in cohorts 1, 1A, 2 and 3 at median time were 5.16 μg mL(-1) at 84 h, 5.19 μg mL(-1) at 72 h, 9.32 μg mL(-1) at 90 h, and 32.5 μg mL(-1) at 84 h, respectively. The maximum relative activated partial thromboplastin time and time needed to achieve this were 1.18 at 2 days, 1.16 at 2 days, 1.27 at 3 days, and 1.85 at 2 days, respectively. The calculated mean half-life and mean residence times of pegnivacogin were 6.12 days and 9.6 days, respectively. There was rapid reversal with intravenous anivamersen, although subsequent reaccumulation of pegnivacogin was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our first-in-human study, REG2 was well tolerated and provided dose-proportional anticoagulation for several days after a single subcutaneous dose, with complete, although transient, reversal by its control agent. This study demonstrates the first application of a subcutaneously administered aptamer, and represents a potential advance in aptamer therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC Regado Biosciences Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ Pk Pm Associates, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27705, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vavalle
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zelenkofske
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wargin
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015949:Factor IXa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D010919:Placebos; C515724:RB 006; D015949:Factor IXa