title: Diagnosis and management of neonatal leukaemia.
abstract: Leukaemia in neonates (infants <1 month) is rare, whereby neonatal acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is more frequent than neonatal acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). High mortality rates are observed, though AML has a better prognosis than ALL. Neonatal leukaemia is typically presented with hepatosplenomegaly, leukaemia cutis and/or hyperleucocytosis. Congenital infections should be ruled out before diagnosis. Rearrangement of the MLL gene is the most frequently occurring genetic aberration. Treatment includes intensive multi-agent chemotherapy, usually with age-related dose adjustments next to supportive care. Treatment intensification for ALL could be indicated in the future as the dismal prognosis is subject to high relapse rates in ALL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Creemers
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: rob.pieters@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pieters
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015456:Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis