title: A proteomics study of the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula using 2DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF.
abstract: Medicago truncatula is a model legume, whose genome is currently being sequenced. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a genotype-dependent character and not yet fully understood. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to compare the induction and expression phases of SE of both the highly embryogenic line M9-10a of M. truncatula cv. Jemalong and its non-embryogenic predecessor line, M9. The statistical analysis between the lines revealed 136 proteins with significant differential expression (P < 0.05). Of these, 5 had a presence/absence pattern in M9 vs M9-10a and 22 showed an at least twofold difference in terms of spot volume, were considered of particular relevance to the SE process and therefore chosen for identification. Spots were excised in gel digested with trypsin and proteins were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight. Identified proteins indicated a higher adaptability of the embryogenic line toward the stress imposed by the inducing culture conditions. Also, some proteins were shown to have a dual pattern of expression: peroxidase, pyrophosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase. These proteins showed higher expression during the induction phases of the M9 line, whereas in the embryogenic line had higher expression at stages coinciding with embryo formation.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal. amalmeid@itqb.unl.pt
authors.forename: André M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Parreira
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Ana Sofia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Daniel F A
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.forename: Cândido Pinto
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.forename: Ana Varela
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fevereiro
mesh_terms: D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D013045:Species Specificity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins