title: A human embryonic stem cell-derived clonal progenitor cell line with chondrogenic potential and markers of craniofacial mesenchyme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We screened 100 diverse human embryonic stem-derived progenitor cell lines to identify novel lines with chondrogenic potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 4D20.8 cell line was compared with mesenchymal stem cells and dental pulp stem cells by assessing osteochondral markers using immunohistochemical methods, gene expression microarrays, quantitative real-time PCR and in vivo repair of rat articular condyles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4D20.8 expressed the site-specific gene markers LHX8 and BARX1 and robustly upregulated chondrocyte markers upon differentiation. Differentiated 4D20.8 cells expressed relatively low levels of COL10A1 and lacked IHH and CD74 expression. Transplantation of 4D20.8 cells into experimentally induced defects in the femoral condyle of athymic rats resulted in cartilage and bone differentiation approximating that of the original tissue architecture. Relatively high COL2A1 and minimal COL10A1 expression occurred during differentiation in HyStem-C hydrogel with TGF-β3 and GDF-5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human embryonic stem cell-derived embryonic progenitor cell lines may provide a novel means of generating purified site-specific osteochondral progenitor cell lines that are useful in research and therapy.
authors.affiliation: BioTime, Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA.
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Isaac E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Walter D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Shreyasi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: C Thomas
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Vangsness
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002999:Clone Cells; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005145:Face / Q000196:embryology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D015415:Biomarkers; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C010078:alizarin; D003094:Collagen