title: Perceived frequency of peer-assisted learning in the laboratory and collegiate clinical settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been recommended as an educational strategy to improve students' skill acquisition and supplement the role of the clinical instructor (CI). How frequently students actually engage in PAL in different settings is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the perceived frequency of planned and unplanned PAL (peer modeling, peer feedback and assessment, peer mentoring) in different settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory and collegiate clinical settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 933 students, 84 administrators, and 208 CIs representing 52 (15%) accredited athletic training education programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three versions (student, CI, administrator) of the Athletic Training Peer Assisted Learning Survey (AT-PALS) were administered. Cronbach α values ranged from .80 to .90.
  
  
  METHODS
  Administrators' and CIs' perceived frequency of 3 PAL categories under 2 conditions (planned, unplanned) and in 2 settings (instructional laboratory, collegiate clinical). Self-reported frequency of students' engagement in 3 categories of PAL in 2 settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administrators and CIs perceived that unplanned PAL (0.39 ± 0.22) occurred more frequently than planned PAL (0.29 ± 0.19) regardless of category or setting (F(1,282) = 83.48, P < .001). They perceived that PAL occurred more frequently in the collegiate clinical (0.46 ± 0.22) than laboratory (0.21 ± 0.24) setting regardless of condition or category (F(1,282) = 217.17, P < .001). Students reported engaging in PAL more frequently in the collegiate clinical (3.31 ± 0.56) than laboratory (3.26 ± 0.62) setting regardless of category (F(1,860) = 13.40, P < .001). We found a main effect for category (F(2,859) = 1318.02, P < .001), with students reporting they engaged in peer modeling (4.01 ± 0.60) more frequently than peer mentoring (2.99 ± 0.88) (P < .001) and peer assessment and feedback (2.86 ± 0.64) (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants perceived that students engage in unplanned PAL in the collegiate clinical setting with a stronger inclination toward engagement in peer modeling. Educators should develop planned PAL activities to capitalize on the inherent desire of the students to collaborate with their peers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Athletic Training, School of Health Sciences, High Point University, 833 Montlieu Avenue, High Point, NC 27262, USA. jhenning@highpoint.edu
authors.forename: Jolene M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Dudley
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D004493:Education; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities