title: The role of matrix metalloproteinases in essential hypertension.
abstract: The matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases system is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix metabolism, which plays a crucial role with regards to maintenance of tissue integrity. During the occurrence of vascular pathologies including hypertension, the balance between proteases and their inhibitors is temporally destroyed. Even though there are conflicting data in the literature regarding the expression pattern of the vascular matrix metalloproteinase system, the occurring extracellular matrix turnover leads to the change of arterial mechanical properties. For example, hypertension plays crucial role in the formation of cardiovascular remodeling which seems to be characterized by an increase in extracellular matrix. Changes in arterial stiffness, a predictor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, are determined by alterations in vascular extracellular matrix due to hemodynamic, genetic, or other factors. It has become increasingly evident that blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and other pharmacological strategies, seem to be particularly effective in reducing vascular stiffness and collagen content in human and animal models. However, the relationship between extracellular matrix metabolism and the effects of therapy in hypertensive patients needs to be further explored in larger trials over a longer period of time.
authors.affiliation: 1st Cardiology Unit, Hippokration Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece. em.androulakis@gmail.com
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Androulakis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Latsios
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siasos
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D003094:Collagen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases