title: Prey consumption rates and compatibility with pesticides of four predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae attacking Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Predatory mites (Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, Typhlodromips montdorensis Schicha, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Iphiseius degenerans Berlese) were investigated for their potential to act as control agents for Thrips palmi Karny. Prey consumption rates and compatibility with pesticides were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Second-instar larvae were the preferred life stage. Typhlodromips montdorensis consumed the most larvae (2.8) and also an average of 1.2 adult T. palmi per 5 day period. Both 24 and 48 h assessments following application of abamectin, spinosad and imazalil demonstrated mortality of predatory mites (across all species), which was significantly higher than with the other treatments (P < 0.001). Spraying with pymetrozine did not provide any increased mortality when compared with the water control. Application of thiacloprid proved detrimental only to I. degenerans. Following indirect exposure of predatory mites to pymetrozine and imazalil, no significant differences in mite mortality were obtained. Indirect exposure to spinosad was identified as the most detrimental treatment (P < 0.001) to all mites. Abamectin also proved detrimental, with only T. montdorensis showing any potential tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All predatory mites investigated offer potential for controlling T. palmi. Compatibility with chemicals varied between the mites. The potential of incorporating the mites into eradication strategies for T. palmi is discussed.
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, UK. andrew.cuthbertson@fera.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: Andrew G S
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nattriss
authors.forename: Lisa F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: Weiqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Northing
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Keith F A
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008925:Mites / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides