title: Immunological milieu in the peritoneal cavity at laparotomy for gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the immunological repertoire in the peritoneal cavity of gastric cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The peritoneal cavity is a compartment in which immunological host-tumor interactions can occur. However, the role of lymphocytes in the peritoneal cavity of gastric cancer patients is unclear. We observed 64 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer and 11 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones and acted as controls. Lymphocytes isolated from both peripheral blood and peritoneal lavage were analyzed for surface markers of lymphocytes and their cytokine production by flow cytometry. CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells isolated from the patient's peripheral blood were co-cultivated for 4 d with the intra-peritoneal lymphocytes, and a cytokine assay was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At gastrectomy, CCR7(-) CD45RA(-) CD8(+) effector memory T cells were observed in the peritoneal cavity. The frequency of CD4(+) CD25 (high) T cells in both the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity was elevated in patients at advanced stage [control vs stage IV in the peripheral blood: 6.89 (3.39-10.4) vs 15.34 (11.37-19.31), P < 0.05, control vs stage IV in the peritoneal cavity: 8.65 (5.28-12.0) vs 19.56 (14.81-24.32), P < 0.05]. On the other hand, the suppression was restored with CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells from their own peripheral blood. This study is the first to analyze lymphocyte and cytokine production in the peritoneal cavity in patients with gastric cancer. Immune regulation at advanced stage is reversible at the point of gastrectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunological milieu in the peritoneal cavity of patients with advanced gastric cancer elicited a Th2 response even at gastrectomy, but this response was reversible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Susumu
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines