title: The in-vitro effect of fibrinogen, factor XIII and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor on clot formation and susceptibility to tissue plasminogen activator-induced fibrinolysis in hemodilution model.
abstract: Patients suffering major traumatic or surgical bleeding are often exposed to hemodilution resulting in dilutional coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of fibrinogen, factor XIII and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) on clot formation and resistance to fibrinolysis in hemodilution conditions. Citrated whole blood from 36 healthy volunteers was diluted to 30 and 60% with lactated Ringer's solution. Blood samples were subsequently supplemented with fibrinogen, FXIII, TAFI or their combinations. Rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in whole blood and thrombin generation in plasma were performed in the presence of CaCl₂ and tissue factor/EXTEM reagent, and fibrinolysis was induced by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Hemodilution was expressed by decrease of peak height in thrombin generation and α-angle and maximum clot firmness (MCF) in ROTEM. Fibrinogen, FXIII or TAFI did not correct the decrease in thrombin generation peak height. In ROTEM, spiking of diluted blood with fibrinogen stimulated clot propagation. In tPA-treated blood fibrinogen, FXIII and TAFI increased clot firmness and inhibited fibrinolysis. Stronger protection against fibrinolysis was achieved combining FXIII with TAFI. Hemodilution was associated with inhibition of thrombin generation; however, this effect was not sensitive to blood spiking with fibrinogen, FXIII and TAFI. In ROTEM, these hemostasis agents improved clot strength and decreased clot susceptibility to tPA in nondiluted and to more extent in diluted blood. The maximal protection against fibrinolysis was caused by TAFI. Combining FXIII with TAFI exerted synergistic inhibitory effect on fibrinolysis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, and National Hemophilia Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. borshenk@sheba.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shenkman
authors.forename: Tami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Livnat
authors.forename: Aharon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lubetsky
authors.forename: Ilia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tamarin
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Budnik
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Einav
authors.forename: Uriel
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Martinowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D025901:Carboxypeptidase B2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005176:Factor XIII / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006438:Hemodilution; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D013916:Thrombelastography; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D005340:Fibrinogen; D005176:Factor XIII; D025901:Carboxypeptidase B2; D013917:Thrombin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator