title: Mapping sensorimotor cortex with slow cortical potential resting-state networks while awake and under anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emerging insight into resting-state cortical networks has been important in our understanding of the fundamental architecture of brain organization. These networks, which were originally identified with functional magnetic resonance imaging, are also seen in the correlation topography of the infraslow rhythms of local field potentials. Because of the fundamental nature of these networks and their independence from task-related activations, we posit that, in addition to their neuroscientific relevance, these slow cortical potential networks could play an important role in clinical brain mapping.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether these networks would be useful in identifying eloquent cortex such as sensorimotor cortex in patients both awake and under anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 9 subjects undergoing surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy. Slow cortical potentials were recorded from the cortical surface in patients while awake and under propofol anesthesia. To test brain-mapping utility, slow cortical potential networks were identified with data-driven (seed-independent) and anatomy-driven (seed-based) approaches. With electrocortical stimulation used as the gold standard for comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of these networks for identifying sensorimotor cortex were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Networks identified with a data-driven approach in patients under anesthesia and awake were 90% and 93% sensitive and 58% and 55% specific for sensorimotor cortex, respectively. Networks identified with systematic seed selection in patients under anesthesia and awake were 78% and 83% sensitive and 67% and 60% specific, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resting-state networks may be useful for tailoring stimulation mapping and could provide a means of identifying eloquent regions in patients while under anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Breshears
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gaona
authors.forename: Jarod L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Bundy
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shimony
authors.forename: Samiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Lawrence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Eisenman
authors.forename: R Edward
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Abraham Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Leuthardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012146:Rest; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol