title: Peripheral arterial disease and kidney failure: a frequent association.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of kidney failure in people older than 49 years old with peripheral arterial disease and to analyse its relationship with risk factors and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective epidemiological study 3 years in duration with selection by simple random sampling in the general population aged over 49 years. Data on demographic, clinical, prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular disease were registered. We defined peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.9 and chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to estimated glomerular filtration rates by the MDRD <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Baseline data are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  511 people were included. The mean age was 66.6 (9.7) years (SD), 37% were men. The prevalence of PAD was 12.4% (N=63) of the sample, average age 72.6 years, 46% men. The presence of CKD stages 3-5 was 39.7%. Patients with PAD and CKD compared with those with normal renal function were older (75.6 vs. 70.6, p=0.08), predominantly women (64% vs 47.4%, p=ns), and showed higher values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (159.2 vs 146.1, p=ns and 85.7 vs 80.3 mmHg, p=0.09), CRP (1.23 vs 0.38 mg/dl, p=0.05) and albumin creatinine ratio (90.2 vs 26.4 mg/g, p=ns). In this group, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and associated cardiovascular disease, were significantly higher without reaching statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney failure is present in 39.7% of patients with PAD and it defines a subgroup of patients with high cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud El Cristo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. stranchei@gmail.com
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tranche-Iparraguirre
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marín-Iranzo
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-de Sanmamed
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riesgo-García
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hevia-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: García-Casas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine