title: Effects of description of options on parental perinatal decision-making.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether parents' delivery room management decisions for extremely preterm infants are influenced by (1) the degree of detail with which options (comfort care [CC] or intensive care [IC]) are presented or (2) their order of presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 309 volunteers, 18 to 55 years old, were each randomized to 1 of 4 groups: (1) detailed descriptions, CC presented first; (2) detailed descriptions, IC presented first; (3) brief descriptions, CC presented first; or (4) brief descriptions, IC presented first. Each received the description of a hypothetical delivery of a 23-week gestation infant and chose either IC or CC. Open-ended and structured questions elicited reasoning. Data were analyzed by χ(2) and logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither degree of detail, comparing groups 1+2 with 3+4 (37% vs 41%, odds ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval = 0.54-1.34, P = .48), nor order, comparing groups 1+3 with 2+4 (40% vs 37%, odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.56-1.39; P = .59), influenced the likelihood of choosing IC. Participants choosing IC were more likely to invoke sanctity of life and religiosity as personal values. Additional reasons for choosing IC were experiences with infants born at later gestational ages, giving the infant a chance, not watching their infant die, and equating CC with euthanasia. Some choosing CC wanted to avoid infant suffering.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of detail and order of presentation had no effect on treatment decisions, suggesting that individuals bring well-articulated preexisting preferences to such decisions. Understanding beliefs and attitudes motivating these preferences can assist physicians in helping parents make informed decisions consistent with their values.
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. mhaward@aol.com
authors.forename: Marlyse F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Haward
authors.forename: Leslie K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Baruch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischhoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003376:Counseling; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology*; D026706:Paternalism; D011379:Prognosis; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult