title: Desert hedgehog links transcription factor Sox10 to perineurial development.
abstract: Schwann cells are the main glial cell type in the PNS. They develop along nerves during embryogenesis and rely on the HMG domain containing Sox10 transcription factor for specification, lineage progression, and terminal differentiation. Sox10 deletion in immature Schwann cells caused peripheral nerve defects in mice that were not restricted to this glial cell type, although expression in the nerve and gene loss were. Formation of the perineurium as the protecting sheath was, for instance, heavily compromised. This resembled the defect observed after loss of Desert hedgehog (Dhh) in mice. Here we show that Sox10 activates Dhh expression in Schwann cells via an enhancer that is located in intron 1 of the Dhh gene. Sox10 binds this enhancer in monomeric form via several sites. Mutation of these sites abolishes both Schwann-cell-specific activity and Sox10 responsiveness in vitro and in transgenic mouse embryos. This argues that Sox10 activates Dhh expression by direct binding to the enhancer and by increasing Dhh levels promotes formation of the perineurial sheath. This represents the first mechanism for a non-cell-autonomous function of Sox10 during peripheral nerve development.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Küspert
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weider
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Irm
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hermans-Borgmeyer
authors.forename: Dies
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wegner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C527923:SOX10 protein, human; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors; C076972:E4 protein, Lycopersicon esculentum; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins