title: The effect of warm-up on intermittent sprint performance and selected thermoregulatory parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of various warm-up intensities based upon individual lactate thresholds on subsequent intermittent sprint performance, as well as to determine which temperature (muscle; T(mu), rectal; T(re) or body; T(b)) best correlated with performance (total work, work and power output of the first sprint, and % work decrement).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine male team-sport participants performed five 10-min warm-up protocols consisting of different exercise intensities on five separate occasions, separated by a week.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each warm-up protocol was followed by a 6×4-s intermittent sprint test performed on a cycle ergometer with 21-s of recovery between sprints. T(mu), T(re) and T(b) were monitored throughout the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between warm-up conditions for total work (J kg⁻¹; P=0.442), first sprint work (J kg⁻¹; P=0.769), power output of the first sprint (W kg⁻¹; P=0.189), or % work decrement (P=0.136), respectively. Moderate to large effect sizes (>0.5; Cohen's d) suggested a tendency for improvement in every performance variable assessed following a warm-up performed at an intensity midway between lactate inflection and lactate threshold. While T(mu), T(re), T(b), heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and plasma lactate increased significantly during the exercise protocols (P<0.05), there were no significant correlations between T(mu), T(re), and T(b) assessed immediately after each warm-up condition and any performance variable assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warm-up performed at an intensity midway between lactate inflection and lactate threshold resulted in optimal intermittent sprint performance. Significant increases in T(mu), T(re) and T(b) during the sprint test did not affect exercise performance between warm-up conditions.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Pongson
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yaicharoen
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wallman
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid