title: Antenatal iron supplements consumed daily produce oxidative stress in contrast to weekly supplementation in Mexican non-anemic women.
abstract: Universal prenatal daily supplementation with iron (60-120mg iron) plus folic acid (0.4mg), as recommended by INACG/WHO/UNICEF, prevents anemia where iron deficiency is prevalent but may be excessive for non-anemic women. Weekly supplementation with 120mg iron plus various amounts of folic acid similarly prevents significant anemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine, in non-anemic pregnant women, if oxidative stress is produced by recommended daily or weekly supplementation schemes.
  
  
  METHODS
  100 non-anemic pregnant women, 30% iron-deficient at week 20, were randomly supplemented daily followed by weekly, each for 8 weeks, or in reversed order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With daily supplementation thio-barbituric-acid-reacting-substances (TBARS) increased significantly and high serum ferritin, iron, and excessively elevated hemoglobin occurred near term. During weekly supplementation significant anemia and high iron parameters were prevented, and elevated TBARS declined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In non-anemic pregnant women both schemes prevented significant anemia. Oxidative stress occurred only during daily supplementation periods. Weekly supplementation appears safer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, USA. fviteri@chori.org
authors.forename: Fernando E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Viteri
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casanueva
authors.forename: Mari Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tolentino
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz-Francés
authors.forename: Alma Berenice
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Erazo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008800:Mexico; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D007501:Iron; D014805:Vitamin B 12