title: Argon-based atmospheric pressure plasma enhances early bone response to rough titanium surfaces.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of an Argon-based atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) surface treatment operated chairside at atmospheric pressure conditions applied immediately prior to dental implant placement in a canine model. Surfaces investigated comprised: rough titanium surface (Ti) and rough titanium surface + Argon-based APP (Ti-Plasma). Surface energy was characterized by the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method and chemistry by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Six adult beagles dogs received two plateau-root form implants (n = 1 each surface) in each radii, providing implants that remained 1 and 3 weeks in vivo. Histometric parameters assessed were bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskall-Wallis (95% level of significance) and Dunn's post-hoc test. The XPS analysis showed peaks of Ti, C, and O for the Ti and Ti- Plasma surfaces. Both surfaces presented carbon primarily as hydrocarbon (C-C, C-H) with lower levels of oxidized carbon forms. The Ti-Plasma presented large increase in the Ti (+11%) and O (+16%) elements for the Ti- Plasma group along with a decrease of 23% in surface-adsorbed C content. At 1 week no difference was found in histometric parameters between groups. At 3 weeks significantly higher BIC (>300%) and mean BAFO (>30%) were observed for Ti-Plasma treated surfaces. From a morphologic standpoint, improved interaction between connective tissue was observed at 1 week, likely leading to more uniform and higher bone formation at 3 weeks for the Ti-Plasma treated implants was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, New York 10010, USA. pgcoelho@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giro
authors.forename: Hellen S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witek
authors.forename: Van P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: Nelson R F A
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001128:Argon; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D001846:Bone Development; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058626:Plasma Gases; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D001128:Argon; D014025:Titanium