title: Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis and skull base osteomyelitis by pseudomonas aeruginosa: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP) is an uncommon disorder characterized by localized or diffuse thickening of the dura mater, and it usually presents with multiple cranial neurophaties. It has been associated with a variety of inflammatory, infectious, traumatic, toxic and neoplasic diseases, when no specific cause is found the process is called idiopathic. The infectious cases occur in patients under systemic immunosuppression, which have an evident contiguous source or those who have undergone neurosurgical procedures. We describe a case of a 62-year-old immunosuppressed woman with diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, which had HCP and osteomyelitis of the skull base caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa, presenting with headache and diplopia. We believe this is the second documented case of pachymeningitis secondary to this microorganism. As a multifactorial disease, it is essencial to determine the specific causative agent of HCP before making treatment decisions, and great care is needed with immunocompromised patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Hypertrophic pachymeningitis; Ophtalmoplegia, optical neuropathy; Osteomyelitis; Skull base.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Department, Santo Antonios' Hospital, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandao
authors.forename: Filipe Seguro
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farinha
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marinho