title: Comparison of matrix proteins in different types of urinary stone by proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the crystal components and matrix proteins of urinary stones by proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary stones were obtained from patients with gout and hyperuricemia. The outside and inside of the stones were measured non-destructively with a micro area X-ray diffractometer. After stones were powdered, extracted proteins were analyzed by proteomic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 17 investigated stones, seven were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate, seven were of uric acid, and three were a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid. In calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate stones, osteopontin, uromodulin, albumin, protein Z, prothrombin, protein S, hemoglobin and histone H4 were identified. In uric acid stones, uromodulin, albumin, hemoglobin, calgranulins and immunoglobin G fragments were detected. Mixed stones of calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid contained both Ca-binding proteins and abundant proteins. Matrix proteins were different when the crystal components of the stone were different, even when from the same patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proteins, such as uromodulin and albumin, are often detected in stones, regardless of crystal components. However, osteopontin, prothrombin, protein S and protein Z are identified specifically in calcium oxalate stones. Furthermore, immunoglobin G fragments are detected in uric acid stones. The role of these specific proteins in the different types of stones can be of particular interest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. kikaneko@pharm.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Riei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Tomoyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanobe
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000209:etiology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins