title: Non-emergent orthopaedic injuries sustained by soldiers in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of soldiers deployed to the theater of combat operations return safely after completion of the deployment. Many of these soldiers sustain non-emergent musculoskeletal injuries that initially are treated nonoperatively and ultimately require surgery following their combat tour.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective evaluation of the orthopaedic surgery consultations and surgical procedures required by soldiers returning from a full combat deployment was performed. Demographic information (including age and sex) as well as information on the mechanism of injury, the reason for orthopaedic consultation, and the procedures performed was collected for each soldier. The overall incidence of non-emergent orthopaedic injuries was calculated, and multivariate Poisson regression analysis was utilized to determine the effect of age and sex on the type of orthopaedic injury sustained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 3787 soldiers who returned from combat operations at the end of a fifteen-month deployment without having been medically evacuated. There were 731 orthopaedic surgical consultations for the evaluation of a non-emergent musculoskeletal complaint, and 140 orthopaedic operations were performed as a result. An age of thirty years or more was an important risk factor for requiring an orthopaedic consultation (p < 0.0001). The most common surgical procedures were performed for shoulder stabilization, for superior labrum anterior to posterior lesion repair, for the treatment of internal derangement of the knee, and for the treatment of foot deformity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nineteen percent of all soldiers who completed a combat deployment required an orthopaedic surgical consultation on return, and 4% of soldiers required orthopaedic surgery. More than half of the surgical procedures involved the knee or shoulder. This represents a large burden of care for returning soldiers on orthopaedic surgical services and has important implications for future resource utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas 79920, USA.
authors.forename: Gens P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burks
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Belmont
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult