title: 3-T proton magnetic spectroscopy in unmedicated first episode psychosis: a focus on creatine.
abstract: Different lines of evidence suggest an abnormal cerebral energy metabolism as being critical to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it is unknown as to whether levels of creatine (Cr) would be involved in these anomalies. The study involved 33 unmedicated first episode psychosis patients and 41 healthy controls. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) was performed at 3 T using a long TE (TE/TM/TR of 240/27/3000 ms) such that within the total phosphocreatine (PCr) plus Cr signal (tCr(240)), mainly Cr was detectable. The target region was an 18 cm(3) prefrontal volume. A negative association was found between age of patients and tCr(240) levels referenced to internal water, with 20% of the variance in tCr(240) accounted for by Age. A secondary finding revealed 16% reduction of tCr(240) levels in patients, solely when comparing participants older than the median age of patients. No association existed between tCr(240) levels and clinical variables. These findings support previous data reporting abnormalities in brain creatine kinase isoenzymes involved with the maintenance of energy pools in schizophrenia. The implications of using a long TE are discussed in terms of the relative proportions of Cr and PCr within the tCr(240) signal, and of potential group differences in T(2) times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. phil.tibbo@cdha.nshealth.ca
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Tibbo
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hanstock
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seres
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lakusta
authors.forename: Scot E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Purdon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011522:Protons; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D011522:Protons; D003401:Creatine