title: Impact of inherited thrombophilias on first and second trimester maternal serum markers for aneuploidy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate first and second-trimester maternal serum markers in pregnancies complicated with inherited thrombophilias.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted in 50 pregnancies complicated with hereditary thrombophilia and 100 control pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each woman with inherited thrombophilia received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) throughout her pregnancy. Gravidity, parity, number of first-trimester and second-trimester abortions, and rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) were significantly higher in the thrombophilia group compared to the control group (P < 0.001 for all). Among the thrombophilia group median values of pregnancy associated placental protein-A (PAPP-A) (0.6 vs. 0.9; P < 0.001) and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) (0.9 vs. 1.1; P = 0.001) in the first trimester; median values of α-fetoprotein (AFP) (0.7 vs. 1.1; P = 0.027), unconjugated estriol 3 (uE3) (0.9 vs. 1.1; P < 0.001), and hCG (0.7 vs. 1.2; P < 0.001) in the second trimester were significantly lower with respect to control pregnancies. Multivariate analysis revealed that low uE3 and hCG levels were independently associated with APO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant women with hereditary thrombophilias, all of whom were treated with LMWH, had decreased levels of all first and second trimester serum markers. In addition, levels of hCG and uE3 in the second trimester could independently predict placenta-related disorders and adverse outcomes in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fatih University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. ayseluysal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Aysel Uysal
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Derbent
authors.forename: Filiz Fatma
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Yanik
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inegöl Gümüş
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simavli
authors.forename: Nilgün Öztürk
authors.initials: NÖ
authors.lastname: Turhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000782:Aneuploidy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000592:standards; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000097:blood*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000097:blood*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers