title: Cognitive impairment in primary ambulatory health care: pharmacotherapy and the use of potentially inappropriate medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug intake is associated with a risk of drug-related problems, for example, the intake of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), especially for cognitively impaired individuals. The proportion of PIM taken by immobile individuals, especially patients with suspicion of dementia in the AGnES studies (German: Arzt-entlastende Gemeinde-nahe E-Health-gestützte Systemische Intervention), and possible determinants were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a community-based, prospective cohort study in the ambulatory healthcare sector, a sample of 342 patients aged ≥65 years were screened for dementia and received a home medication review. The screening for dementia was positive in 111 cases (32.5%). Data assessment included sociodemographic variables and medical diagnoses. The German PRISCUS list was used to detect PIM and drug-condition interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potentially inappropriate medication in dementia was identified in 22 (19.8%) patients with suspicion of dementia. A multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that the number of drugs taken (one to four drugs: OR = 0.059; 95% CI 0.006-0.55, p = 0.0133; Ref.: >9 drugs) and female gender (OR = 10.362; 95% CI: 1.28-83.87) were risk factors for PIM intake in patient with suspicion of dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inappropriate medication use in a community-based sample positively screened for dementia appears to be determined by sex and the number of drugs taken. The intake of fewer than five drugs and receiving support with regard to drug intake protects from the intake of PIM. Patients could benefit from medication management in a collaborative network of healthcare professionals. The implementation of systematic medication review and drug documentation should be extended and standardized in both research studies and routine primary health care.
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany. Thomas.fiss@dzne.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fiss
authors.forename: Jochen René
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Thyrian
authors.forename: Konstanze
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fendrich
authors.forename: Neeltje
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors