title: Urinary chemokines as noninvasive predictors of ulcerative interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on basic research findings an increase in chemokines and cytokines (CXCL-1 and 10, nerve growth factor and interleukin-6) is considered responsible for inflammation and afferent sensitization. In this cross-sectional study we tested the hypothesis that select chemokines are increased in the urine of patients with ulcerative and nonulcerative interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Midstream urinary specimens were collected from 10 patients with ulcerative and nonulcerative interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, respectively, and from 10 asymptomatic controls. Urinary levels of 7 cytokines were measured by a human cytokine/chemokine assay. Nerve growth factor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary levels of most chemokines/cytokines were tenfold to 100-fold lower in asymptomatic controls vs patients with ulcerative and nonulcerative interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Univariate comparison of 8 tested proteins in the ulcerative vs nonulcerative groups revealed a significant fivefold to twentyfold increase in CXCL-10 and 1, interleukin-6 and nerve growth factor (ANOVA p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential expression of chemokines in ulcerative and nonulcerative subtypes of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome suggests differences in paracrine signaling between the 2 entities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. tyagip@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Killinger
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Jayabalan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nirmal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014456:Ulcer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines