title: Imaging in lower urinary tract infections.
abstract: In epididymo-orchitis, a sonogram shows a non-homogenous and hypertrophied epididymis and testis, with increased vascularisation seen on a Doppler sonogram. Abscesses must be investigated using sonography so that a necrotic tumour is not misdiagnosed. In prostatitis, sonography is indicated to investigate urine retention and where treatment has failed (to look for a blockage, an abscess, or pyelonephritis). Endorectal sonography is the best imaging modality for analysing the parenchyma, but otherwise has limited value. Chronic prostatitis is the main differential diagnosis from prostate cancer; the two may be distinguished using diffusion MRI. In cases of cystitis, imaging is indicated when a patient has recurrent cystitis (to investigate what the causative factors might be), or an infection with a less common bacterium (to look for calcifications, emphysema, any involvement of the upper urinary tract), and in cases of cystitis with pseudotumour.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Paris Centre University Hospitals, site Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. alexschull@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schull
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Monzani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bour
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barry-Delongchamps
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beuvon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Legmann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cornud
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D019160:Endosonography; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000175:diagnosis; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology