title: Training in LESS and NOTES.
abstract: LESS and NOTES are the further step forward the "scarless" surgery recently, which have challenged the main principles of conventional multiport laparoscopy.  To develop the surgical skills for these novel techniques, the guideline for training program should be neccesary for its clinical practice to reduce the complications.  In this paper, we will summary the challenges of these new technique and introduce our experience of training courses.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yinghao
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huiqin
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chuanliang
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Linhui
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends*; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013537:Sutures; D014743:Videotape Recording