title: Inhibition of cell proliferation and migration by oxidative stress from ascorbate-driven juglone redox cycling in human bladder-derived T24 cells.
abstract: The effects of juglone on T24 cells were assessed in the presence and absence of ascorbate. The EC(50) value for juglone at 24 h decreased from 28.5 μM to 6.3 μM in the presence of ascorbate. In juglone-treated cells, ascorbate increased ROS formation (4-fold) and depleted GSH (65%). N-acetylcysteine or catalase restricted the juglone/ascorbate-mediated effects, highlighting the role of oxidative stress in juglone cytotoxicity. Juglone alone or associated with ascorbate did not cause caspase-3 activation or PARP cleavage, suggesting necrosis-like cell death. DNA damage and the mild ER stress caused by juglone were both enhanced by ascorbate. In cells treated with juglone (1-5 μM), a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation was observed. Ascorbate did not impair cell proliferation but its association with juglone led to a clonogenic death state. The motility of ascorbate-treated cells was not affected. Juglone slightly restricted motility, but cells lost their ability to migrate most noticeably when treated with juglone plus ascorbate. We postulate that juglone kills cells by a necrosis-like mechanism inhibiting cell proliferation and the motility of T24 cells. These effects are enhanced in the presence of ascorbate.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. mrkviecinski@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kviecinski
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glorieux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sid
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benites
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verrax
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buc Calderon
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C005134:juglone