title: Should intranasal corticosteroids be used for the treatment of ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis? A review of their efficacy and safety profile.
abstract: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) presents as nasal symptoms, eye watering and additional signs of ocular allergy (e.g. itchy/burning eyes). Intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) are the most effective treatment for the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR; based on 4 meta-analyses) and are considered first-line therapy when nasal congestion forms a substantial component of the patient's rhinitis symptoms. Clinical trial evidence shows that INSs also provide some relief from ocular symptoms of SAR and seasonal ARC in adults. INSs probably alleviate eye watering, the main ocular symptom of SAR, by relieving nasal congestion. Other ocular symptoms also improve with INSs. The mechanism for this effect is unknown, but might relate to naso-ocular reflex reduction. There are limited data on ocular safety with INSs. However, the literature supports the use of INSs over several months as there appears to be no considerable increase in the risk of ocular hypertension or glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. s.lightman@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lightman
authors.forename: Glenis K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Scadding
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents