title: Effect of light-cure initiation time on polymerization efficiency and orthodontic bond strength with a resin-modified glass-ionomer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The polymerization and acid-base reactions in resin-modified glass-ionomers (RMGI) are thought to compete with and inhibit one another. To examine the effect of visible light-cure (VLC) delay on the polymerization efficiency and orthodontic bond strength of a dual-cured RMGI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Orthodontics Graduate Program at Marquette University. An in vitro study utilizing 72 freshly extracted human bicuspid teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A RMGI light-cured immediately, 2.5, 5, or 10 min after mixing comprised the experimental groups. Isothermal and dynamic temperature scan differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the RMGI was performed to determine extents of VLC polymerization and acid-base reaction exotherms. Human premolars (n = 18/group) were bonded with the RMGI. Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differential scanning calorimetry results showed the 10-min-delay RMGI group experienced significantly (p < 0.05) lower VLC polymerization compared with the other groups. Acid-base reaction exotherms were undetected in all groups except the 10-min delay group. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were noted among the groups for mean shear bond strength. A chi-square test showed no significant difference (p = 0.428) in ARI scores between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delay in light-curing may reduce polymerization efficiency and alter the structure of the RMGI, but orthodontic shear bond strength does not appear to be compromised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Berzins
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D058105:Polymerization; D033081:Shear Strength; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements