title: Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome and high-risk characteristics among keratoconus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and risk factors for sleep apnea in a keratoconus population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two keratoconus patients and 92 controls were classified as high risk or low risk for sleep apnea, using the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) or individual history of sleep apnea. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors associated with high risk of sleep apnea in keratoconus patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 92 keratoconus patients, 18 (19.6%) had a positive known history for sleep apnea, and 49 (53.3%) were categorized to be at high risk by the BQ. Of the 92 control patients, 6 (6.5%) had a positive known history for sleep apnea, and 25 (27.2%) were categorized to be at high risk by the BQ. In keratoconus patients, body mass index was the only risk factor for sleep apnea, whereas in control patients, age, body mass index, and family history of sleep apnea were the risk factors for sleep apnea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Keratoconus patients are at increased risk for sleep apnea, and different risk factors are associated with sleep apnea in keratoconus patients and controls. Ophthalmologists should consider screening keratoconus patients for obstructive sleep apnea, if appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Section of Ophthalmology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. msaidel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saidel
authors.forename: Jeanie Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Dingcai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires