title: Flexible and microporous chitosan hydrogel/nano ZnO composite bandages for wound dressing: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
abstract: Current wound dressings have disadvantages such as less flexibility, poor mechanical strength, lack of porosity, and a tendency for dressings to adhere onto the wound surface; in addition, a majority of the dressings did not possess antibacterial activity. Hydrogel-based wound dressings would be helpful to provide a cooling sensation and a moisture environment, as well as act as a barrier to microbes. To overcome these hassles, we have developed flexible and microporous chitosan hydrogel/nano zinc oxide composite bandages (CZBs) via the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) into chitosan hydrogel. The prepared nanocomposite bandages were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, swelling, degradation, blood clotting, antibacterial, cytocompatibility, cell attachment on the material, and cell infiltration into the composite bandages were evaluated. The nanocomposite bandage showed enhanced swelling, blood clotting, and antibacterial activity. Cytocompatibility of the composite bandage has been analyzed in normal human dermal fibroblast cells. Cell attachment and infiltration studies showed that the cells were found attached to the nanocomposite bandages and penetrated into the interior. Furthermore, the in vivo evaluations in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that these nanocomposite bandages enhanced the wound healing and helped for faster re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. The obtained data strongly encourage the use of these composite bandages for burn wounds, chronic wounds, and diabetic foot ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi-682 041, India.
authors.forename: P T Sudheesh
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Vinoth-Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Lakshmanan
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Anilkumar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reshmi
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.forename: Shantikumar V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001458:Bandages; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D048271:Chitosan; D015034:Zinc Oxide