title: Severe preeclampsia and maternal self-report of oral health, hygiene, and dental care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal periodontal disease diagnosed by a detailed oral health examination is associated with preeclampsia. Our objective was to measure the association between maternal self-report of oral symptoms/problems, oral hygiene practices, and/or dental service use before or during pregnancy and severe preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A written questionnaire was administered to pregnant females at the time of prenatal ultrasound and outcomes were ascertained by chart abstraction. The χ(2) test compared maternal oral symptoms/problems, hygiene practices, and dental service use between females with severe preeclampsia versus normotensive females. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for severe preeclampsia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 48 (10%) of 470 females reported ≥2 oral symptoms/problems in the 6 months before pregnancy and 77 (16%) since pregnancy. Fifty-one (11%) reported previous periodontal treatment. Twenty-eight (6%) of 470 developed severe preeclampsia. Females with a history of periodontal treatment were more likely to develop severe preeclampsia (aOR = 3.71; 95% CI = 1.40 to 9.83) than females without a history of periodontal treatment. Self-reported oral health symptoms/problems, oral hygiene practices, or dental service use before or during pregnancy were not associated with severe preeclampsia when considered in the context of other maternal risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal self-report of previous periodontal treatment before pregnancy is associated with severe preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. kboggess@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Boggess
authors.forename: Erica K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koskenoja
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Urlaub
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000150:complications; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007347:Insurance, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017533:Marital Status; D008423:Maternal Age; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D057566:Self Report; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000150:complications; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes