title: Small-molecule BACE1 inhibitors: a patent literature review (2006 - 2011).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder for which no disease-modifying therapy exists. The amyloid hypothesis, which implicates Aβ as the toxin initiating a biological cascade leading to neurodegeneration, is the most prominent theory concerning the underlying cause of the disease. BACE1 is one of two aspartyl proteinases that generate Aβ, thus inhibition of BACE1 has the potential to ameliorate the progression of Alzheimer's disease by abating the production of Aβ.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review chronicles small-molecule BACE1 inhibitors as described in the patent literature between 2006 and 2011 and their potential use as disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Over the past half a dozen years, numerous BACE1 inhibitors have been published in the patent applications, but often these contain a paltry amount of pertinent biological data (e.g. potency, selectivity, and efficacy). Fortunately, numerous relevant publications containing important data have appeared in the journal literature during this period. The goal in this effort was to create an amalgam of the two records to add value to this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmaceutical industry has made tremendous progress in the development of small-molecule BACE1 inhibitors that lower Aβ in the central nervous system. Assuming the amyloid hypothesis is veracious, we anticipate a disease-modifying therapy to combat Alzheimer's disease is near.
authors.affiliation: Elan Pharmaceuticals, Molecular Design, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. gary.probst@elan.com
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: Ying-zi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010330:Patents as Topic; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C509280:BACE1 protein, human