title: Impact of Rag1 aphid resistant soybeans on Binodoxys communis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
abstract: Multiple strategies are being developed for pest management of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura; however, there has been little published research thus far to determine how such strategies may influence each other, thereby complicating their potential effectiveness. A susceptible  soybean (Glycine max L.) variety without the Rag1 gene and a near isogenic resistant soybean variety with the Rag1 gene were evaluated in the laboratory for their effects on the fitness of the soybean aphid parasitoid, Binodoxys communis (Gahan). The presence or absence of the  Rag1 gene was verified by quantifying soybean aphid growth. To test for fitness effects, parasitoids were allowed to attack soybean aphids on either a susceptible or resistant plant for 24 h and then aphids were kept on the same plant throughout parasitoid development. Parasitoid fitness  was measured by mummy and adult parasitoid production, adult parasitoid emergence, development time, and adult size. Parasitoids that attacked soybean aphids on susceptible plants produced more mummies, more adult parasitoids, and had a higher emergence rate compared with those on resistant  plants. Adult parasitoids that emerged from resistant plants took 1 d longer and were smaller compared with those from susceptible plants. This study suggests that biological control by B. communis may be compromised when host plant resistance is widely used for pest management of soybean  aphids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghising
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Patrick B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Beauzay
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Prischmann-Voldseth
authors.forename: Ted C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ode
authors.forename: Janet J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knodel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000469:parasitology*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics*