title: Distribution of monoclonal antibody subgroups and sequence-based types among Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates derived from cooling tower water, bathwater, and soil in Japan.
abstract: Legionella pneumophila serogroup (SG) 1 is the most frequent cause of legionellosis. This study analyzed environmental isolates of L. pneumophila SG 1 in Japan using monoclonal antibody (MAb) typing and sequence-based typing (SBT). Samples were analyzed from bathwater (BW; n = 50), cooling tower water (CT; n = 50), and soil (SO; n = 35). The distribution of MAb types varied by source, with the most prevalent types being Bellingham (42%), Oxford (72%), and OLDA (51%) in BW, CT, and SO, respectively. The ratios of MAb 3/1 positive isolates were 26, 2, and 14% from BW, CT, and SO, respectively. The environmental isolates from BW, CT, and SO were divided into 34 sequence types (STs; index of discrimination [IOD] = 0.973), 8 STs (IOD = 0.448), and 11 STs (IOD = 0.879), respectively. Genetic variation among CT isolates was smaller than seen in BW and SO. ST1 accounted for 74% of the CT isolates. The only common STs between (i) BW and CT, (ii) BW and SO, and (iii) CT and SO were ST1, ST129, and ST48, respectively, suggesting that each environment constitutes an independent habitat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. jmaekawa@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amemura-Maekawa
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikukawa
authors.forename: Jürgen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Helbig
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki-Hashimoto
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuhata
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Miyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kura
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005838:Genotype; D007564:Japan; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010641:Phenotype; D012703:Serotyping; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal