title: Fabry disease presenting with sudden hearing loss and otosclerosis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting in a multiple-system disorder with a wide spectrum of physical signs and symptoms, predominantly affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems, skin, heart, kidneys, and eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the case of a 26-year-old European Caucasian man who had Fabry disease and who presented with episodic sudden unilateral hearing loss and was treated with glucocorticoids, pentoxifylline, hyperbaric oxygen, and fluoride because of concomitant audiometric evidence of otosclerosis. This case demonstrates the partial and transient beneficial effect of standard treatment for sudden hearing loss not related to Fabry disease and analyzes the possible connection between typical Fabry disease inner-ear lesions and otosclerosis. Whereas hearing loss has been described in connection with Fabry disease, otosclerosis-associated hearing loss in Fabry disease has not yet been described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although progressive hearing loss in patients with Fabry disease seems to be influenced by replacement therapy, few data concerning treatment of sudden hearing loss are available. The lack of literature concerning the pathogenesis of the otological involvement in Fabry disease makes it impossible to identify a connection between the latter and otosclerosis. Therefore, this report may help to reinforce the importance of a thorough evaluation of hearing in patients with Fabry disease and may be of help with therapeutic decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A, Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milano, Italy. carlotta.pipolo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felisati
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salvatici
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pipolo
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Portaleone
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovannini