title: An implantable closedloop asynchronous drug delivery system for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.
abstract: In this paper, we present an implantable device for intra-cerebral electroencephalography (icEEG) data acquisition and real-time epileptic seizure detection with simultaneous focal antiepileptic drug injection feedback. This implantable device includes a neural signal amplifier, an asynchronous seizure detector, a drug delivery system (DDS) including a micropump, and a hybrid subdural electrode (HSE). The asynchronous detection algorithm is based on data-dependent analysis and validated with Matlab tools. The detector and DDS have a power saving mode. The HSE contacts are made of Platinum (Pt) encapsulated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Given the heterogeneity of electrographic seizure signals and seizure suppression threshold, the implantable device provides tunable parameters facility through an external transmitter to adapt to each individual's neurophysiology prior to clinical deployment. The proposed detector and DDS were assembled in Ø 50 mm and Ø 30 mm circular printed circuit boards, respectively. The detector was validated using icEEG recordings of seven patients who had previously undergone an intracranial investigation for epilepsy surgery. The triggering of the DDS was tested and a predefined seizure suppression dose was delivered ~16 s after electrographical seizure onsets. The device's power consumption was reduced by 12% in active mode and 49% in power saving mode compared to similar seizure detection algorithms implemented with synchronous architecture.
authors.affiliation: Polystim Neurotechnologies Laboratory, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. tariqus.salam@polymtl.ca
authors.forename: Muhammad Tariqus
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirzaei
authors.forename: My Sandra
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.forename: Dang Khoa
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D004343:Drug Implants