title: Comparing two safety culture surveys: safety attitudes questionnaire and hospital survey on patient safety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the reliability and predictive validity of two patient safety culture surveys-Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS)-when administered to the same participants. Also to determine the ability to convert HSOPS scores to SAQ scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employees working in intensive care units in 12 hospitals within a large hospital system in the southern United States were invited to anonymously complete both safety culture surveys electronically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All safety culture dimensions from both surveys (with the exception of HSOPS's Staffing) had adequate levels of reliability. Three of HSOPS's outcomes-frequency of event reporting, overall perceptions of patient safety, and overall patient safety grade-were significantly correlated with SAQ and HSOPS dimensions of culture at the individual level, with correlations ranging from r=0.41 to 0.65 for the SAQ dimensions and from r=0.22 to 0.72 for the HSOPS dimensions. Neither the SAQ dimensions nor the HSOPS dimensions predicted the fourth HSOPS outcome-number of events reported within the last 12 months. Regression analyses indicated that HSOPS safety culture dimensions were the best predictors of frequency of event reporting and overall perceptions of patient safety while SAQ and HSOPS dimensions both predicted patient safety grade. Unit-level analyses were not conducted because indices did not indicate that aggregation was appropriate. Scores were converted between the surveys, although much variance remained unexplained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that the SAQ and HSOPS had similar reliability and predictive validity, investigators and quality and safety leaders should consider survey length, content, sensitivity to change and the ability to benchmark when selecting a patient safety culture survey.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas, Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality and Safety, 6410 Fannin St., UTPB 1100.45, Houston, TX 77030, USA. jason.etchegaray@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Etchegaray
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D015279:Organizational Culture; D061214:Patient Safety; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States