title: Development and evaluation of a decision-based simulation for assessment of team skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need to train and evaluate a wide variety of nontechnical surgical skills. The goal of this project was to develop and evaluate a decision-based simulation to assess team skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  The decision-based exercise used our previously validated Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia simulator and a newly developed team evaluation survey. Five teams of 3 surgical residents (N = 15) were tasked with repairing a 10 × 10-cm right upper quadrant hernia. During the simulation, independent observers (N = 6) completed a 6-item survey assessing: (1) work quality; (2) communication; and (3) team effectiveness. After the simulation, team members self-rated their performance by using the same survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survey reliability revealed a Cronbach's alpha of r = .811. Significant differences were found when we compared team members' (T) and observers' (O) ratings for communication (T = 4.33/5.00 vs O = 3.00/5.00, P < .01) and work quality (T = 4.33/5.00 vs O = 3.33/5.00, P < .05). The team with the greatest survey ratings was the only group to successfully complete the task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The team evaluation survey had good reliability and correlated with task performance on the simulator. Our current and previous work provides strong evidence that nontechnical and team related skills can be assessed without simulating a crisis situation.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plachta
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salud
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pugh
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D011361:Professional Competence