title: Pediatric primary and metastatic neuroblastoma: MRI findings: pictorial review.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most valuable modalities for initial and follow-up imaging of suspected or known neuroblastoma (NBL) owing to its excellent inherent contrast, lack of ionizing radiation and multiplanar imaging capability. Importantly, NBL has a variable appearance on different imaging modalities, and this is particularly pertinent to MRI. MRI is a cornerstone for management of NBL, providing essential information at initial presentation regarding diagnosis, staging, resectability and relation to vital structures. It can also define the extent of residual disease after surgical resection or assess the efficacy of treatment. Follow-up MRI is frequently performed to ensure sustained complete remission or to monitor known residual disease. This pictorial review article aims to provide the reader with a concise, yet comprehensive, collection of MR images of primary and metastatic NBL lesions with relevant correlation with other imaging modalities.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johan Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. nour410@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nour-Eldin A
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Nour-Eldin
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abdelmonem
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.forename: Nagy N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klingebiel
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rolle
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwabe
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harth
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Eltoukhy
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*