title: Multimodality language mapping in patients with left-hemispheric language dominance on Wada test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the utility of electrocorticography (ECoG) and stimulation for detecting language-related sites in patients with left-hemispheric language-dominance on Wada test.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 13 epileptic patients who underwent language mapping using event-related gamma-oscillations on ECoG and stimulation via subdural electrodes. Sites showing significant gamma-augmentation during an auditory-naming task were defined as language-related ECoG sites. Sites at which stimulation resulted in auditory perceptual changes, failure to verbalize a correct answer, or sensorimotor symptoms involving the mouth were defined as language-related stimulation sites. We determined how frequently these methods revealed language-related sites in the superior-temporal, inferior-frontal, dorsolateral-premotor, and inferior-Rolandic regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Language-related sites in the superior-temporal and inferior-frontal gyri were detected by ECoG more frequently than stimulation (p < 0.05), while those in the dorsolateral-premotor and inferior-Rolandic regions were detected by both methods equally. Stimulation of language-related ECoG sites, compared to the others, more frequently elicited language symptoms (p < 0.00001). One patient developed dysphasia requiring in-patient speech therapy following resection of the dorsolateral-premotor and inferior-Rolandic regions containing language-related ECoG sites not otherwise detected by stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Language-related gamma-oscillations may serve as an alternative biomarker of underlying language function in patients with left-hemispheric language-dominance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of language-related gamma-oscillations is warranted in presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Erik C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothermel
authors.forename: Alanna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Aashit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male