title: Vaccination with CpG-adjuvanted avian influenza virosomes promotes antiviral immune responses and reduces virus shedding in chickens.
abstract: The use of virosomes as a vaccine platform has proven successful against several viruses. Here we examined the protective efficacy of a virosome-based vaccine consisting of avian influenza virus (AIV) A/Duck/Czech/56/H4N6 in chickens against a homologous AIV challenge. Virosomes adjuvanted with CpG-ODN or recombinant chicken interferon (IFN)-γ significantly reduced virus shedding after virus challenge. Furthermore, immunization with virosomes adjuvanted with CpG-ODN increased hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus-specific neutralizing serum antibodies, as well as virus-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses. We also found a significant increase in the expression of type I and II interferon genes in the protected birds following virus challenge. In summary, this study demonstrated the ability of virosomes adjuvanted with CpG-ODN to reduce AIV shedding, and elicit virus-specific protective antibody responses in vaccinated birds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Amirul I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: Raveendra R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St Paul
authors.forename: Payvand
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parvizi
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behboudi
authors.forename: Shayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharif
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome