title: Investigation of a sudden malaria outbreak in the isolated Amazonian village of Saul, French Guiana, January-April 2009.
abstract: Malaria is endemic in French Guiana. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the predominant species responsible and Anopheles darlingi is described as the major vector. In mid-August 2008, an increase in malaria incidence was observed in Saül. A retrospective cohort survey was performed. In vitro susceptibility profiles to antimalarials were determined on P. falciparum isolates. Collections of mosquitoes were organized. The malaria attack rate reached 70.6/100. The risk of malaria increased for people between 40 and 49 years of age, living in a house not subjected to a recent indoor residual insecticide spraying or staying overnight in the surrounding forest. All isolates were susceptible. Anopheles darlingi females and larvae were collected in the village suggesting a local transmission. Our results strongly support a role of illegal mining activities in the emergence of new foci of malaria. Therefore, public health authorities should define policies to fight malaria at a transborder level.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Épidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana. fberger@pasteur-cayenne.fr
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamand
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musset
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Djossou
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosine
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sanquer
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dusfour
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Legrand
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ardillon
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rabarison
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Girod
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005616:French Guiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011156:Population Density; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides