title: Use of onyx for transarterial balloon-assisted embolization of traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas: a report of 23 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TCCFs are a common complication following craniofacial trauma and are usually treated by coils or detachable balloons. The use of the liquid embolic agent Onyx as the sole agent for the treatment of TCCFs has been rarely reported. Herein, we summarized the preliminary experience and effectiveness of treating TCCFs with Onyx in 23 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the 36 type A CCFs treated in our department between September 2005 and March 2011, a total of 23 posttraumatic direct CCFs were treated by using Onyx only via transarterial approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate postprocedural angiograms demonstrated complete occlusion in all patients. All the patients underwent a single procedure except 1 with bilateral TCCFs. Up to 24-month clinical and 3-month angiographic follow-ups revealed an ongoing complete occlusion without any complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series, the use of Onyx for the transarterial embolization of TCCFs was feasible and effective. Associated adverse events were rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C450660:Onyx copolymer; D011145:Polyvinyls; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide