title: On the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of nonpalpable breast abnormalities. Results in a consecutive series  of 769 procedures performed at the Trento Department of Breast Diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  769 consecutive vacuum-assisted biopsy procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Positive predictive value for carcinoma (B5) at vacuum-assisted biopsy was assessed on the overall series and by age, lesion morphology and size, degree of suspicion and calendar period. The accuracy of vacuum-assisted biopsy was based on surgical histology or follow-up (no change at 12 months was assumed as negative).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lesions were depicted as isolated microcalcifications, opacity + microcalcifications, or opacity in 716 (93.1%), 28 (3.6%), or 25 (3.2%) cases, respectively. Vacuum-assisted biopsy was negative (B1 = 63; B2 = 319) in 382 (49.7%), borderline (B3) in 142 (18.5%), suspicious (B4) in 2 (0.3%), and positive (B5) in 243 (31.6%) cases (in situ = 185, 24.1%), invasive = 58 (7.5%)), respectively. Age (χ²df3 = 19.50; P <0.002), size (χ²df4 = 51.02; P = 10⁻⁶) and degree of suspicion (χ²df2 = 146.68; P = 10⁻⁶) were associated with a B5 outcome, no significant association was evident for morphology (χ²df2 = 0,47; P <0.78), whereas calendar period had a moderate but significant inverse association (χ²df2 = 6.12; P <0.04). The positive predictive value for surgically confirmed carcinoma (in situ or invasive) was 0% for B1, 0.7% for B2, 12.3% for B3, 100% for B4, 92.7% for in situ B5, and 94.6% for invasive B5. Conversion from in situ B5 to invasive was 12.3% and was insignificantly associated with size (χ²df2 = 0.95; P = 0.62) and histology grade (χ²df2 = 3.64; P = 0.16). Down-grading of vacuum-assisted biopsy lesions to a less severe histology occurred in 13 (7.2%) in situ and in 16 (28.6%) invasive carcinomas. B3 cases upgrading to more severe lesions was 0%, 4.5% or 16.0% in the presence of no, mild, or severe atypia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirmed a good performance of vacuum-assisted biopsy, possibly influenced by the local scenario (e.g., radiologist's and pathologist's interobserver variability and sampling modality). Conflicting results with the literature may have local explanations rather than being due to inadequate performance.
authors.affiliation: UO Senologia Clinica & Screening Mammografico, Dipartimento di Radiodiagnostica, Trento, Italy. Daniela.Bernardi@apss.tn.it
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borsato
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Paolina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuttobene
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fanto'
authors.forename: Marvi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aldovini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciatto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D010173:Palpation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014618:Vacuum