title: Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States.
abstract: Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the existence of at least 50 species of Morchella worldwide and demonstrated a high degree of continental endemism within the genus. Here we describe 19 phylogenetic species of Morchella from North America, 14 of which are new (M. diminutiva, M. virginiana, M. esculentoides, M. prava, M. cryptica, M. frustrata, M. populiphila, M. sextelata, M. septimelata, M. capitata, M. importuna, M. snyderi, M. brunnea and M. septentrionalis). Existing species names (M. rufobrunnea, M. tomentosa, M. punctipes and M. angusticeps) are applied to four phylogenetic species, and formal description of one species (M. sp. "Mel-8") is deferred pending study of additional material. Methods for assessing morphological features in Morchella are delineated, and a key to the known phylogenetic species of Morchella in North America is provided. Type studies of M. crassistipa, M. hotsonii, M. angusticeps and M. punctipes are provided. Morchella crassistipa is designated nomen dubium.
authors.affiliation: Department of English, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Damon R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dewsbury
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: M Carol
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rehner
authors.forename: John David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moncalvo
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Methven
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Volk
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002170:Canada; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal