title: Evaluation of the impact of shock wave lithotripsy on kidneys using a new marker: how do neutrophil gelatinese-associated lypocalin values change after shock wave lithotripsy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine possible acute kidney injury with new marker neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in urine and to show the relationship between changes of this marker and conventional markers in patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).
  
  
  METHODS
  In patients with kidney stones, serum urea, creatinine, urine microalbumin, and NGAL levels were determined before SWL and at the first, second, and seventh days after SWL. In addition, patients who had undergone SWL were evaluated with Technetium-99m (Tc99m)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and Tc99m-diethylenetriaminepenta acetate renal scintigraphy 1 week before and 3 months after SWL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty patients were included in the study. All patients had a single stone in the kidney with an average size of 9.25 mm (range 5-15). No statistical change was found in the levels of average serum urea and creatinine levels, urine microglobulin, and NGAL levels, which were measured before SWL and after SWL. No significant difference was identified in urine NGAL and microalbumin levels of the groups, which were separated by shock wave number and shock energy amount on the first, second, and seventh days after SWL. In the high-energy SWL group, 3 patients had a statistical decrease in their differential kidney function measured with Tc99m difference between differential function rates of the kidney before and after SWL (DMSA) after 3 months after SWL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found that, using both new and conventional parameters in the acute stage and 3 months later, SWL treatment does not cause acute kidney damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zekey
authors.forename: Temucin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senkul
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ates
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soydan
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baykal
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins