title: A Gaijin-like miniature inverted repeat transposable element is mobilized in rice during cell differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) is one type of transposable element (TE), which is largely found in eukaryotic genomes and involved in a wide variety of biological events. However, only few MITEs were proved to be currently active and their physiological function remains largely unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the amplicon discrepancy of a gene locus LOC_Os01g0420 in different rice cultivar genomes was resulted from the existence of a member of Gaijin-like MITEs (mGing). This result indicated that mGing transposition was occurred at this gene locus. By using a modified transposon display (TD) analysis, the active transpositions of mGing were detected in rice Jiahua No. 1 genome under three conditions: in seedlings germinated from the seeds received a high dose γ-ray irradiation, in plantlets regenerated from anther-derived calli and from scutellum-derived calli, and were confirmed by PCR validation and sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or short additional DNA sequences at transposition sites post mGing transposition. It suggested that sequence modification was possibly taken place during mGing transposition. Furthermore, cell re-differentiation experiment showed that active transpositions of both mGing and mPing (another well studied MITE) were identified only in regenerated plantlets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is for the first time that mGing active transposition was demonstrated under γ-ray irradiation or in cell re-differentiation process in rice. This newly identified active MITE will provide a foundation for further analysis of the roles of MITEs in biological process.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kang-Le
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hai-Gen
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bi-Zeng
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: De-Bao
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005720:Gamma Rays; D018525:Germination / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D055029:Inverted Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements