title: Pathogenic free-living amoebae: epidemiology and clinical review.
abstract: Free-living amoebae are widely distributed in soil and water. Small number of them was implicated in human disease: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Sappinia diploidea. Some of the infections were opportunistic, occurring mainly in immunocompromised hosts (Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia encephalitis) while others are non opportunistic (Acanthamoeba keratitis, Naegleria meningoencephalitis and some cases of Balamuthia encephalitis). Although, the number of infections caused by these amoebae is low, their diagnosis was still difficult to confirm and so there was a higher mortality, particularly, associated with encephalitis. In this review, we present some information about epidemiology, ecology and the types of diseases caused by these pathogens amoebae.
authors.affiliation: Fungal and parasitic molecular biology laboratory, School of Medicine Sfax, University of Sfax, Magida Boulila Street, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trabelsi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dendana
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sellami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sellami
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cheikhrouhou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neji
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Makni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayadi
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D015823:Acanthamoeba Keratitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000562:Amebiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D000656:Amoeba / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D056894:Amoebozoa / Q000145:classification; D000818:Animals; D059611:Balamuthia mandrillaris / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D020808:Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D009253:Naegleria; D016848:Naegleria fowleri / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development