title: Comparing midwife-led and doctor-led maternity care: a systematic review of reviews.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A report of a systematic review of reviews which examines the impact of having midwives-led maternity care for low-risk women, rather than physicians.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A rising birth rate, increasing complexity of births, and economic constraints pose difficulties for maternity services in the UK. Evidence about the most effective, cost-effective, and efficient ways to give maternity services is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches were carried out in August-September 2009 of ten electronic databases, 16 key nursing and research websites, and reference lists of 56 relevant reviews. We also contacted 38 experts for information. No date restrictions were employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A narrative review of systematic reviews or 'meta review' was conducted using transparent and systematic procedures to limit bias at all stages. Systematic reviews that compared midwife-led care during pregnancy and birth with physician-led care were eligible for inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three meta-analytic reviews were included. Midwife-led care for low-risk women was found to be better for a range of maternal outcomes, reduced the number of procedures in labour, and increased satisfaction with care. For some maternal, foetal, and neonatal outcomes reviews found no evidence that care led by midwives is different to that led by physicians. No adverse outcomes associated with midwife-led care were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For low-risk women, health and other benefits can result from having their maternity care led by midwives rather than physicians. Moreover, there appear to be no negative impacts on mothers and infants receiving midwife-led care.
authors.affiliation: Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI Centre), Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London, UK. k.sutcliffe@ioe.ac.uk
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caird
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woodman
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barnett-Paige
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008880:Midwifery; D009774:Obstetrics; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D000078329:Workforce