title: A methodologic approach for normalizing angular work and velocity during isotonic and isokinetic eccentric training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resistance exercise training commonly is performed against a constant external load (isotonic) or at a constant velocity (isokinetic). Researchers comparing the effectiveness of isotonic and isokinetic resistance-training protocols need to equalize the mechanical stimulus (work and velocity) applied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the standardization protocol could be adjusted and applied to an eccentric training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one sport science male students (age = 20.6 ± 1.5 years, height = 178.0 ± 4.0 cm, mass = 74.5 ± 9.1 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants performed 9 weeks of isotonic (n = 11) or isokinetic (n = 10) eccentric training of knee extensors that was designed so they would perform the same amount of angular work at the same mean angular velocity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angular work and angular velocity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The isotonic and isokinetic groups performed the same total amount of work (-185.2 ± 6.5 kJ and -184.4 ± 8.6 kJ, respectively) at the same angular velocity (21 ± 1°/s and 22°/s, respectively) with the same number of repetitions (8.0 and 8.0, respectively). Bland-Altman analysis showed that work (bias = 2.4%) and angular velocity (bias = 0.2%) were equalized over 9 weeks between the modes of training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedure developed allows angular work and velocity to be standardized over 9 weeks of isotonic and isokinetic eccentric training of the knee extensors. This method could be useful in future studies in which researchers compare neuromuscular adaptations induced by each type of training mode with respect to rehabilitating patients after musculoskeletal injury.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, "Motricité, Interactions, Performance" Laboratory, University of Nantes, EA 4334, France. gael.guilhem@insep.fr
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guilhem
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornu
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guével
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007551:Isotonic Contraction; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D055815:Young Adult