title: Cognitive behavioral therapy for orthodontic pain control: a randomized trial.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for patients who experienced pain during orthodontic treatment. The baseline characteristics were assessed via questionnaires and oral examinations. Four hundred and fifty eligible individuals were recruited and randomized by computer-generated block randomization into three groups: cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (n = 150), ibuprofen intervention (n = 150), and no intervention (control; n = 150). Primary outcomes were the change from baseline in pain intensity measured with 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after initial archwire placement. Outcomes assessment was blinded and followed the intention-to-treat principle. One hundred forty-three (95.30%), 145 (96.70%), and 141 (94.00%) individuals in the cognitive behavioral therapy, the ibuprofen, and the control groups, respectively, completed the one-month follow-up evaluations. Those in the cognitive behavioral therapy group showed a greater decrease in mean VAS scores than did those in the control group over the previous five time-points (p < 0.001). Cognitive behavioral therapy was shown to be effective in pain control during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. The study registration number was ChiCTR-TRC-00000556.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002681:China; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007052:Ibuprofen