title: Prevalence and pattern of congenital heart disease in Uttarakhand, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the prevalence and pattern of congenital heart disease (CHD) at a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thorough history and clinical examination was done for all the live births and children up to 18 y of age who presented to the institute over a period of 3 y from July 2008 through June 2011. Those suspected of having a CHD, were further evaluated with ECG, chest radiography and the diagnosis was confirmed by color Doppler echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 36541 children examined, 312 were identified as having congenital heart defects, thus giving a prevalence of 8.54 per 1000 children attending hospital. Only one fifth cases were diagnosed in neonatal period and the diagnosis was delayed beyond infancy in more than half of the cases. Ventricular septal defect (30.45%), atrial septal defect (17.63%), patent ductus arteriosus (9.62%), pulmonary stenosis (6.41%), tetralogy of Fallot (5.45%) and transposition of great arteries (5.13%) were the commonest defects observed. Only 9.29% of children with CHD underwent definitive treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CHD at a tertiary referral hospital in Uttarakhand India is 8.54 per 1000 children. VSD and TOF are the most common acyanotic and cyanotic congenital heart defects respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Doiwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140, India. drnmbhat@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nowneet Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Minakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Anubhav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Braham Prakash
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kalra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000453:epidemiology; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000453:epidemiology; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000453:epidemiology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color