title: Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of pelvic and lower extremity differences during trunk rotation in subjects with and without chronic low back pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate three-dimensional angular changes of the pelvis and lower extremities during trunk axial rotation in subjects with and without chronic low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated-measures design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty volunteers participated in the study (15 with LBP, 15 without LBP). The mean age of the subjects was 44 (standard deviation 15.8) years (range 27 to 63 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were asked to perform five sets of axial trunk rotation activities with a bar in a standing position. The outcome measures included three-dimensional rotational angles of the pelvis and lower extremities (foot, calf and thigh).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The angular change of the pelvis in the sagittal plane differed between subjects with and without LBP (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in angular changes of the lower extremities in the frontal and transverse planes between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The angular change of the pelvis in the sagittal plane differed significantly between groups. Further research is needed to investigate the three-dimensional characteristics of biomechanical and neuromuscular aspects in subjects with LBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Jeongneung 3-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hang Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Yoon Hyuk
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance; D011187:Posture; D012399:Rotation