title: A European training system in cardiothoracic surgery: is it time?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Training in cardiothoracic surgery across Europe remains diverse and variable despite the ever closer integration of European countries at all levels and in all areas of life. Coupled with the increasing ease of movement across Europe, the need for uniform training programmes has arisen to allow for equivalent accreditation and certification.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the current training paradigms within the specialty across the world and in Europe and also explore the concept of competence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are diverse training systems across the world and in Europe in particular. Competence-based training is the new model of training; however, competence remains difficult to define and measure. We propose a European Training Programme in Cardiothoracic Surgery that aims to standardize training across the European countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difficulties in unifying training across Europe are numerous, but it is time to implement a European Training System in Cardiothoracic Surgery that will deliver a competence-based curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull, UK. mahmoud.loubani@hey.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loubani
authors.forename: Justo Rafael
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sadaba
authors.forename: Patrick O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siepe
authors.forename: Maximilian Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Emmert
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: O'Regan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sergeant
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003162:Competency-Based Education; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards