title: Effect of dietary supplementation with Suaeda maritima on blood physiology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder against Miamiensis avidus.
abstract: The effect of Suaeda maritima enriched diet on blood physiology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder Paralichythys olivaceus against Miamiensis avidus on weeks 1, 2, and 4 was investigated. Feeding with any enriched diet and then challenging with M. avidus significantly increased white blood cells (WBC) on weeks 2 and 4; the red blood cells (RBC) significantly increased with 0.1% and 1.0% enriched diets on week 4. The hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels significantly increased when fed with 0.1% and 1.0% supplementation diets on weeks 2 and 4. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) did not significantly vary with any diet and time; however the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly increased with 0.1% and 1.0% supplementation diets on weeks 2 and 4. The leukocytes such as lymphocytes (Lym), monocytes (Mon), neutrophils (Neu) and biochemical parameters such as total protein (TP), glucose (GLU), and calcium (CAL) levels significantly increased in 0.1% and 1.0% supplementation diet fed groups on weeks 2 and 4. The serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced in 0.1% and 1.0% supplementation diet fed groups from weeks 1 to 4 when compared to the control (0% herbal extract enriched diet). The scuticocidal activity and respiratory burst activity were significantly enhanced when fish were fed with 0.1% and 1.0% supplementation diets from weeks 2 and 4. The protective effect in terms of cumulative mortality (50% and 40%) was low in groups on being fed with 0.1% and 1.0% supplemented diet. Therefore the present study suggested that 0.1% and 1.0% S. maritime-supplemented diets protect the hematological and biochemical parameters, improving the innate immunity, affording protection disease from M. avidus infection in olive flounder.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, South Korea. rhari123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Ju-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Man-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dharaneedharan
authors.forename: Dong-Hwi
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chang-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001790:Blood Physiological Phenomena; D019663:Chenopodiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D060467:Disease Resistance; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices / Q000662:veterinary; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005432:Flounder / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D016802:Oligohymenophorea; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013481:Superoxides; D009113:Muramidase