title: Serum biomarkers for detecting ectopic pregnancy.
abstract: Unless an ectopic pregnancy is visible by ultrasound, diagnosis can be a challenge. Differentiating ectopic pregnancies from intrauterine pregnancies can be impossible without intervention or follow-up. This poses a clinical dilemma to the practitioner given the inherent danger to the mother of tubal rupture of an ectopic pregnancy versus the fear of intervening in the case of a desired pregnancy without certainty of diagnosis. Early diagnostic modalities are clearly lacking, and serum biomarkers are currently being investigated as a solution to need for a rapid and accurate test for ectopic pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Human Reproduction, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA. mrausch@nshs.edu
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rausch
authors.forename: Kurt T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Barnhart
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000097:blood; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; D028341:Activins / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000097:blood; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000097:blood; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis; D011268:Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D020543:Proteome; D012065:Relaxin / Q000097:blood; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009211:Myoglobin; C045246:PAEP protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011268:Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins; D020543:Proteome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C422405:activin A; C044147:activin B; C422362:inhibin A; D028341:Activins; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D012065:Relaxin; D010928:Placental Lactogen; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D012083:Renin; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; C000606480:ADAM12 protein, human; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains