title: The effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on the blood lipid profile and liver function in hypercholesterolemic hamsters.
abstract: It is well established that atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, constitutes important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Regular exercise has been associated with a reduced risk for metabolic diseases. However, studies supporting the concept that resistance exercise is a modifier of blood lipid parameters are often contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on the serum levels of TG, TC, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol, glucose, and the liver function enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) in golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse, 1839)) fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Sedentary groups (S) and exercise groups (E) were fed a standard diet (SS and ES) or a cholesterol-enriched diet (standard plus 1% cholesterol, SC and EC). Resistance exercise was performed by jumps in the water, carrying a load strapped to the chest, representing 10 maximum repetitions (10 RM, 30 s rest, five days per week for five weeks). Mean blood sample comparisons were made by ANOVA + Tukey or ANOVA + Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05) to compare parametric and nonparametric samples, respectively. There were no differences in blood lipids between the standard diet groups (SS and ES) (p > 0.05). However, the EC group increased the glucose, non-HDL, and TC levels in comparison with the ES group. Moreover, the EC group increased the TG levels versus the SC group (p < 0.05). In addition, the ALT levels were increased only by diet treatment. These findings indicated that high-intensity resistance exercise contributed to dyslipidemia in hamsters fed a hypercholesterolemic diet, whereas liver function enzymes did not differ in regards to the exercise protocol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Tadeu Trevisan
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Frajacomo
authors.forename: Marcelo Marcos Piva
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Demarzo
authors.forename: Cleverson Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinello
authors.forename: José Alexandre
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bachur
authors.forename: Sérgio Akira
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Uyemura
authors.forename: Sérgio Eduardo de Andrade
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Sérgio Britto
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006224:Cricetinae; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008111:Liver Function Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase