title: Evaluation of visual field parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on retina and optic nerve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with COPD and 29 healthy controls, totally 67 subjects, were included in the study. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and visual field assessment (both standard achromatic perimetry (SAP) and short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP)) were performed on each subject after ophthalmological, neurological and pulmonary examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) were significantly different between patient and control groups as for both SAP and SWAP measurements (p = 0.001, 0.019, 0.009 and p = 0.004,0.019, 0.031, respectively). Short-term fluctuation (SF) was not statistically different between the study and the control groups (p = 0.874 and 0.694, respectively). VEP P100 latencies were significantly different between patients with COPD and the controls (p = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a systemic disease, and hypoxia in COPD seems to affect the retina and the optic nerve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey. helindeniz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Helin Deniz
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inönü
authors.forename: Semiha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doruk
authors.forename: Erdinc
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Etikan
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen