title: Proteomic profiling of the rat hypothalamus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in numerous mechanisms highly relevant to the maintenance of body homeostasis, such as the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Impairment of these mechanisms has been associated with the metabolic disturbances involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Since rodent species constitute important models for metabolism studies and the rat hypothalamus is poorly characterized by proteomic strategies, we performed experiments aimed at constructing a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profile of rat hypothalamus proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a first step, we established the best conditions for tissue collection and protein extraction, quantification and separation. The extraction buffer composition selected for proteome characterization of rat hypothalamus was urea 7 M, thiourea 2 M, CHAPS 4%, Triton X-100 0.5%, followed by a precipitation step with chloroform/methanol. Two-dimensional (2-D) gels of hypothalamic extracts from four-month-old rats were analyzed; the protein spots were digested and identified by using tandem mass spectrometry and database query using the protein search engine MASCOT. Eighty-six hypothalamic proteins were identified, the majority of which were classified as participating in metabolic processes, consistent with the finding of a large number of proteins with catalytic activity. Genes encoding proteins identified in this study have been related to obesity development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that the 2-DE technique will be useful for nutritional studies focusing on hypothalamic proteins. The data presented herein will serve as a reference database for studies testing the effects of dietary manipulations on hypothalamic proteome. We trust that these experiments will lead to important knowledge on protein targets of nutritional variables potentially able to affect the complex central nervous system control of energy homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. eliane.beraldi@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Amanda P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pedroso
authors.forename: Regina L H
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kelse T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Mônica M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.forename: Maria C C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Juliana D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Maísa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Mariana L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Estadella
authors.forename: Cláudia M O
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Lila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Dulce E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Casarini
authors.forename: Eliane B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro