title: Detrimental role of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in neuromyelitis optica: clinical case and histological evidence.
abstract: In a recent study, administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) increased neuromyelitis optica (NMO) lesions in mice. Here we report a patient whose first episode of NMO may have been exacerbated by inadvertent administration of G-CSF. Histological examination of brain and spinal cord samples from three other NMO patients revealed markedly increased expression of G-CSF in neurons located in and around the lesions, with little or no expression in multiple sclerosis lesions or normal white matter. Taken together, these cases support a detrimental role for G-CSF in NMO pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saadoun
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitley
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palace
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schon
authors.forename: Marios C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim