title: [Self-esteem predictors in adolescents with diabetes].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-esteem is the conviction concerning self-satisfaction and self-assessment of one's competence. It can influence the overall emotional state, and determine the motivation to take actions of characteristic teenagers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Presentation of the results of research on predictors of self-esteem in healthy adolescents and their peers with diabetes. Is was investigated whether there were differences in factors that determine directly and indirectly the self-esteem within these groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey was conducted during the school year 2010/2011 as a part of cultural and linguistic adaptation of the CHIP-AE questionnaire (Child Health and Illness Profile - Adolescent Edition). Data were collected from 1177 students with average age of 15.4 years, who attended junior high and high schools of different types, in five provinces of Poland. In this group there were 117 adolescents with diabetes and 1060 healthy peers. The CHIP-AE questionnaire consists of six main dimensions: satisfaction, complaints, protective factors, risk factors, achievements and illness. Students are asked to respond mostly from the perspective of the last 4 weeks. Predictors of self-esteem were selected from the following fields of CHIP-AE questionnaire: physical health, self-efficiency, limitation of daily activities, academic achievement, burden of school work, social support, capability of solving social problems, family relationships, relationships with peers and with teachers. Multivariate regression models and structural equitation models were estimated for both the healthy and the ill adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It has been proved that self-esteem of healthy adolescents was determined differently than that of their peers with diabetes. The most important elements forming self-esteem of adolescents with diabetes were as follows: self-assessment of physical fitness, academic achievements and social support. In the studied group an indirect impact of limitations of physical activity on self-perceived fitness and influence of physical activity on academic achievement has also been found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The self-esteem of teenagers with diabetes mellitus may be considered as a determinant of ability to cope with the constraints of the disease. More precise knowledge on predictors of self-esteem of teenagers with diabetes may help to improve their psychosocial functioning, and thus improve their health.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Ochrony i Promocji Zdrowia Dzieci i Młodzieży, Instytut Matki i Dziecka, Warszawa. agnieszka.malkowska@imid.med.pl
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Małkowska-Szkutnik
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gajewski
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gajewska
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010379:Peer Group; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011044:Poland; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012016:Reference Values; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires