title: Young men with cancer: a literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impacts of cancer on young men are reportedly different from the experiences of others. These impacts may adversely affect the health and the healthcare of young men.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article was to conduct a literature review to examine what is known about the experiences of young men with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic strategy was used to locate original research that included 4 electronic databases using the search terms men, young men, male, father, parents, and cancer experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies used qualitative methodology, and 4 studies used a quantitative method; no mixed-method studies were found. Of the studies reviewed, 6 focused on the experiences of men but not young men aged 20 to 44 years exclusively, 10 studies had male and female respondents. Analysis revealed 5 themes: (1) manhood in question, (2) the good father or not, (3) family and that special bond, (4) silencing cancer talk, and (5) living with uncertainty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young men are building resources while creating family bonds, and they identify themselves through their work. Young men with cancer have needs specific to their gender and cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methodological and conceptual recommendations are presented. This includes conducting research focusing on this cohort and using a life-course perspective. Understanding the overall experience of this cohort will enable the development of clinical interventions for young men with cancer. Supportive care in a nonthreatening environment is needed to help young men cope with the problems described.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. hcampbellenns@gmail.com
authors.forename: Heather J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Campbell-Enns
authors.forename: Roberta L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Woodgate
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult