title: Hypermetabolism and altered substrate oxidation in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy syndrome compromises body composition and produces metabolic alterations, such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. This study aims to determine whether energy expenditure and substrate oxidation are altered due to human HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in 10 HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy syndrome (HIV+LIPO+), 22 HIV-infected men without lipodystrophy syndrome (HIV+LIPO-), and 12 healthy controls. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were assessed by indirect calorimetry, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The substrate oxidation assessments were performed during fasting and 30 min after eucaloric breakfast consumption (300 kcal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resting energy expenditure adjusted for lean body mass was significantly higher in the HIV+LIPO+ group than in the healthy controls (P = 0.02). HIV-infected patients had increased carbohydrate oxidation and lower lipid oxidation when compared to the control group (P < 0.05) during fasting conditions. After the consumption of a eucaloric breakfast, there was a significant increase in carbohydrate oxidation only in the HIV+LIPO- and control groups (P < 0.05), but there was no increase in the HIV+LIPO+ group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypermetabolism and alteration in substrate oxidation were observed in the HIV+LIPO+ group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. helenavassimon@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Helena S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Vassimon
authors.forename: Francisco José Albuquerque
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Alcyone A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Jacqueline P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Alceu A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jordão
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062408:Breakfast; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005215:Fasting; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats