title: [Type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmune diseases: screening, diagnostic principles and management].
abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is often associated with autoimmune diseases such as: autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), celiac disease (CD), autoimmune gastritis (AIG), pernicious anemia (PA) and vitiligo. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most prevalent endocrinopathy among diabetic patients. Hypothyroidism, celiac disease or Addison's disease in patients with type 1 diabetes may deteriorate glycemic control and can lead to an increased rate of hypoglycemia. Autoimmune gastritis, pernicious anemia and celiac disease can cause malabsorption and anemia which additionally impair the quality of life in patients with T1DM. The presence of organ-specific autoantibodies can be used to screen patients who are at higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Such procedure can help to identify patients, who need to undergo treatment in order to decrease the rate of possible complications in the future. In this clinical review we present current opinions in terms of diagnosis, management and screening in the most common type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Endokrynologii i Terapii Izotopowej CSK MON WIM, Warszawa. pwitek@wim.mil.pl
authors.forename: Przemysław R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Witek
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witek
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pańkowska
mesh_terms: D000224:Addison Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000752:Anemia, Pernicious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015984:Causality; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies