title: Differential association of receptor-Gβγ complexes with β-arrestin2 determines recycling bias and potential for tolerance of δ opioid receptor agonists.
abstract: Opioid tendency to generate analgesic tolerance has been previously linked to biased internalization. Here, we assessed an alternative possibility; whether tolerance of delta opioid receptor agonists (DORs) could be related to agonist-specific recycling. A first series of experiments revealed that DOR internalization by DPDPE and SNC-80 was similar, but only DPDPE induced recycling. We then established that the non-recycling agonist SNC-80 generated acute analgesic tolerance that was absent in mice treated with DPDPE. Furthermore, both agonists stabilized different conformations, whose distinct interaction with Gβγ subunits led to different modalities of β-arrestin2 (βarr2) recruitment. In particular, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays revealed that sustained activation by SNC-80 drew the receptor C terminus in close proximity of the N-terminal domain of Gγ2, causing βarr2 to interact with receptors and Gβγ subunits. DPDPE moved the receptor C-tail away from the Gβγ dimer, resulting in βarr2 recruitment to the receptor but not in the vicinity of Gγ2. These differences were associated with stable DOR-βarr2 association, poor recycling, and marked desensitization following exposure to SNC-80, while DPDPE promoted transient receptor interaction with βarr2 and effective recycling, which conferred protection from desensitization. Together, these data indicate that DORs may adopt ligand-specific conformations whose distinct recycling properties determine the extent of desensitization and are predictive of analgesic tolerance. Based on these findings, we propose that the development of functionally selective DOR ligands that favor recycling could constitute a valid strategy for the production of longer acting opioid analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Audet
authors.forename: Iness
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Charfi
authors.forename: Ouissame
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mnie-Filali
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amraei
authors.forename: Anne-Julie
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chabot-Doré
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millecamps
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pineyro
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D044387:GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019390:Arrestins; C118981:G-protein Beta gamma; D044387:GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D000071557:beta-Arrestins