title: Biosecurity aspects and pathogen inactivation in acidified high risk animal by-products.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of formic acid addition to ground high risk animal by-products (ABP 1) in terms of stabilization and pathogen inactivation and to evaluate the biosecurity risk connected with the ABP 1 based combustion fuel Biomal. Laboratory studies were performed on the persistence of Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus spores, porcine herpes virus, avian influenza virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, equine rhinitis A virus and porcine parvovirus in Biomal at different storage times. It was shown that Salmonella and enveloped viruses were inactivated within 1 day (24 h). Bacillus cereus spores were not reduced during 147 days and the non-enveloped virus porcine parvovirus was still detected after 168 days of storage. The conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that transmission of some highly contagious diseases such as foot-and-mouth-disease, swine vesicular disease and egg drop syndrome, caused by non-enveloped viruses, may follow accidental leakages of Biomal. In addition, there is a risk of transmission of the diseases anthrax and black leg, caused by sporulating bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden. Bjorn.Vinneras@slu.se
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vinnerås
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samuelson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emmoth
authors.forename: Karin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albihn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D005561:Formates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D012637:Security Measures; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005561:Formates; C030544:formic acid