title: An overview of surgical techniques, research trials, and future directions of fetal therapy.
abstract: During the latter part of the 20(th)  century, the fetus became recognized as a patient separate from the mother. Powerful imaging and sampling techniques provided insight into normal fetal development and the opportunity to detect anomalies. In this overview of the rapidly evolving fetal surgery field, we describe the evolution of surgical techniques, clinical trials, and emerging research. We hope to ignite interest among professionals in this growing area of patient care.
authors.affiliation: UCSF Fetal Treatment Center, San Francisco, CA 94143-0570, USA. Jody.Farrell@ucsfmedctr.org
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D046128:Fetal Therapies / Q000639:trends; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000601:surgery; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000601:surgery; D012106:Research