title: The effect of telephone-based interpersonal psychotherapy for the treatment of postpartum depression: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substantial data indicate potential health consequences of untreated postpartum depression (PPD) on the mother, infant, and family. Studies have evaluated interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) as treatment for PPD; however, the results are questionable due to methodological limitations. A comprehensive review of maternal treatment preferences suggests that mothers favor 'talking therapy' as a form of PPD treatment. Unfortunately, IPT is not widely available, especially in rural and remote areas. To improve access to care, telepsychiatry has been introduced, including the provision of therapy via the telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of telephone-based IPT on the treatment of PPD. Stratification is based on self-reported history of depression and province. The target sample is 240 women. Currently, women from across Canada between 2 and 24 weeks postpartum are able to either self-identify as depressed and refer themselves to the trial or they may be referred by a health professional based on a score >12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Following contact by the trial coordinator, a detailed study explanation is provided. Women who fulfill the eligibility criteria (including a positive diagnostic assessment for major depression) and consent to participate are randomized to either the control group (standard postpartum care) or intervention group (standard postpartum care plus 12 telephone-based IPT sessions within 12 to 16 weeks, provided by trained nurses). Blinded research nurses telephone participants at 12, 24, and 36 weeks post-randomization to assess for PPD and other outcomes including depressive symptomatology, anxiety, couple adjustment, attachment, and health service utilization. Results from this ongoing trial will: (1) develop the body of knowledge concerning the effect of telephone-based IPT as a treatment option for PPD; (2) advance our understanding of training nurses to deliver IPT; (3) provide an economic evaluation of an IPT intervention; (4) investigate the utility of the EPDS in general clinical practice to identify depressed mothers; and (5) present valuable information regarding PPD, along with associated couple adjustment, co-morbid anxiety and self-reported attachment among a mixed rural and urban Canadian population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials Ltd. ISRCTN88987377.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Lawrence S, Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, 155 College Street, Suite 130, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P8, Canada. cindylee.dennis@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Cindy-Lee
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravitz
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grigoriadis
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jovellanos
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hodnett
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zupancic
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D012107:Research Design; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D013689:Telephone; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome