title: Complex repetitive discharges--a feature of the urethral continence mechanism or a pathological finding?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the proportion of women with complex repetitive discharges on urethral sphincter electromyography during filling cystometry among women with and without urinary disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  After receiving institutional review board approval we recruited community dwelling women without urinary symptoms and women who presented for urinary incontinence treatment. Participants completed the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory. Women who responded affirmatively to an inventory item ("Do you have difficulty emptying your bladder?" or "Do you experience a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying?") were classified with voiding dysfunction. Women with post-void residual urine greater than 100 ml, active urinary tract infection, prolapse greater than stage II or neuromuscular disease were excluded from study. Participants underwent standardized multichannel urodynamics with continuous concentric needle electromyography of the urethral sphincter throughout filling cystometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 31 controls and 56 incontinent participants mean±SD age was 48±15 years and median vaginal parity was 1 (range 0 to 2). The urodynamic diagnosis in the incontinent group included urodynamic stress incontinence in 31 (56%), detrusor overactivity with incontinence in 17 (30%) and mixed urodynamic stress incontinence with detrusor overactivity in 8 (14%). Of the women 26 (32%) met voiding dysfunction criteria with 96% reporting a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying and 53% reporting difficult bladder emptying. Controls were significantly more likely to have complex repetitive discharges than incontinent women (9 of 30 vs 2 of 56, p<0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complex repetitive discharges occur in about a third of women without urinary symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA. olgaramm@gmail.com
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramm
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kenton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014521:Urethra / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics