title: Fungal endophytic communities in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) respond to crop management.
abstract: We studied the distribution of fungal endophytes of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants in a subalpine area of northern Italy, where viticulture is of high economic relevance. We adopted both cultivation-based and cultivation-independent approaches to address how various anthropic and nonanthropic factors shape microbial communities. Grapevine stems were harvested from several locations considering organic and integrated pest management (IPM) and from the cultivars Merlot and Chardonnay. Cultivable fungi were isolated and identified by internal-transcribed-spacer sequence analysis, using a novel colony-PCR method, to amplify DNA from fungal specimens. The composition of fungal communities was assessed using a cultivation-independent approach, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). Multivariate statistical analysis of both culture-dependent and culture-independent data sets was convergent and indicated that fungal endophytic communities in grapevines from organically managed farms were different from those from farms utilizing IPM. Fungal communities in plants of cv. Merlot and cv. Chardonnay overlapped when analyzed using culture-dependent approaches but could be partially resolved using ARISA fingerprinting.
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pancher
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceol
authors.forename: Paola Elisa
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Corneo
authors.forename: Claudia Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Longa
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yousaf
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pertot
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campisano
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D058448:Biota; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007558:Italy; D010802:Phylogeny; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer