title: Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on experimental testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effectiveness of hydrogen rich saline solution on the prevention of testicular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley® rats were divided randomly into 4 groups, including group 1-sham operated, group 2-torsion-detorsion, group 3-torsion-detorsion plus saline and group 4-torsion-detorsion plus hydrogen rich saline solution. Testicular torsion was performed by rotating the left testis 720 degrees clockwise for 4 hours. Reperfusion was allowed for 4 hours. Hydrogen rich saline solution (5 ml/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in rats in group 4 15 minutes before the start of detorsion. Rats were sacrificed after 4-hour initiation of detorsion. Left orchiectomy was done for histopathological examination and biochemical assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The testicular injury score in groups 2 and 3 was significantly lower than in sham operated group 1 but higher in group 4 with hydrogen rich saline than in group 2 with torsion-detorsion. The apoptosis index was significantly increased in groups 2 and 3. Hydrogen rich saline solution treatment significantly decreased the apoptosis index. A significant increase in malondialdehyde and a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity were observed in groups 2 and 3. In group 4 malondialdehyde was significantly lowered and superoxide dismutase activity was significantly improved compared with groups 2 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide a biochemical and histopathological basis for the action of hydrogen rich saline solution as a therapeutic agent for testicular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dapeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Dongzhen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhaozhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D020011:Protective Agents; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006859:Hydrogen