title: Pre-culturing human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia increases their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoxia is an important factor in many aspects of stem-cell biology including their viability, proliferation, differentiation and migration. We evaluated whether low oxygen level (2%) affected human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem-cell (hAT-MSC) phenotype, population growth, viability, apoptosis, necrosis and their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  hAT-MSCs from four human donors were cultured in growth medium under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions for 7 days and were then transferred to normoxic conditions to study their differentiation potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypoxia enhanced hAT-MSC expansion and viability, whereas expression of mesenchymal markers such as CD90, CD73 and endothelial progenitor cell marker CD34, remained unchanged. We also found that pre-culturing hAT-MSCs under hypoxia resulted in their enhanced ability to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol could be useful for maximizing hAT-MSC potential to differentiate in vitro into the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages, for use in plastic and reconstructive surgery, and in tissue engineering strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. m.g.valorani@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Valorani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montelatici
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biddle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strollo
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Patrizi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lazzari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nye
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alison
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D014019:Tissue Donors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase