title: Hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients.
abstract: Hepatic steatosis (HS) is frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and metabolic alterations could induce HS. However, a protective effect of ART has been reported in a paired biopsy study. Thus, our aim was to examine the changes and predictors of HS progression among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with sequential biopsies. We also evaluated the rates of steatohepatitis and factors associated thereof. HIV-infected patients with detectable serum HCV RNA, who underwent two biopsies, separated at least by 1 year, were included in this retrospective study. HS progression was defined as increase in one or more HS grades. The median (interquartile range) time between biopsies was 3.3 (2.0-5.2) years. Among 146 individuals, HS at baseline was observed in 86 (60%) patients and in 113 (77%) in the follow-up biopsy (P < 0.001). Progression of HS was observed in 60 (40%) patients. HS regressed in 11 (8%) patients. Factors associated with HS progression were changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between biopsies (per 10 mg/dL increase; odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval; CI] = 1.4 [1.04-1.8]; P = 0.024) and cumulative use of dideoxynucleoside analogs (per year; OR [95% CI] = 1.5 [1.2-1.8]; P = 0.001). Persistent steatohepatitis or progression to steatohepatitis between biopsies was observed in 27 (18%) patients. Persistence of or progression to steatohepatitis was associated with progression ≥ 1 fibrosis stages between biopsies (OR [95% CI] = 2.4 [1.01-5.7]; P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HS progresses frequently and regression is rarely observed in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, including in those on ART. Cumulative exposure to dideoxynucleoside analogs and increases in FPG are related with HS progression. Stetatohepatitis is frequently observed in these patients and is linked to fibrosis progression.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Japón
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girón-González
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: López-Cortés
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Iribarren
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Merchante
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pineda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018450:Disease Progression; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents