title: The frequency of malaria is similar among women receiving either lopinavir/ritonavir or nevirapine-based antiretroviral treatment.
abstract: HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) show antimalarial activity in vitro and in animals. Whether this translates into a clinical benefit in HIV-infected patients residing in malaria-endemic regions is unknown. We studied the incidence of malaria, as defined by blood smear positivity or a positive Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 antigen test, among 444 HIV-infected women initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the OCTANE trial (A5208; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00089505). Participants were randomized to treatment with PI-containing vs. PI-sparing ART, and were followed prospectively for ≥48 weeks; 73% also received cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. PI-containing treatment was not associated with protection against malaria in this study population.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. tinaS@qimr.edu.au
authors.forename: Tina S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Skinner-Adams
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sawe
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siika
authors.forename: Mina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hosseinipour
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: Judith S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Currier
authors.forename: Tsungai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chipato
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salata
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lockman
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eron
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Meshnick
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D061466:Lopinavir; D019829:Nevirapine; D019438:Ritonavir