title: Protein tyrosine phosphatases in lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity.
abstract: Lymphocyte activation must be tightly regulated to ensure sufficient immunity to pathogens and prevent autoimmunity. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) serve critical roles in this regulation by controlling the functions of key receptors and intracellular signaling molecules in lymphocytes. In some cases, PTPs inhibit lymphocyte activation, whereas in others they promote it. Here we discuss recent progress in elucidating the roles and mechanisms of action of PTPs in lymphocyte activation. We also review the accumulating evidence that genetic alterations in PTPs are involved in human autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Inmoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veillette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K / Q000276:immunology; D054594:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12 / Q000276:immunology; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054631:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3 / Q000276:immunology; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C516738:PTPN12 protein, human; C516765:PTPN22 protein, human; C486288:PTPRJ protein, human; D054594:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054631:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3