title: Intestinal adaptation is stimulated by partial enteral nutrition supplemented with the prebiotic short-chain fructooligosaccharide in a neonatal intestinal failure piglet model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Butyrate has been shown to stimulate intestinal adaptation when added to parenteral nutrition (PN) following small bowel resection but is not available in current PN formulations. The authors hypothesized that pre- and probiotic administration may be a clinically feasible method to administer butyrate and stimulate intestinal adaptation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal piglets (48 hours old, n = 87) underwent placement of a jugular catheter and an 80% jejunoileal resection and were randomized to one of the following treatment groups: control (20% standard enteral nutrition/80% standard PN), control plus prebiotic (10 g/L short-chain fructooligosaccharides [scFOS]), control plus probiotic (1 × 10(9) CFU Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG [LGG]), or control plus synbiotic (scFOS + LGG). Animals received infusions for 24 hours, 3 days, or 7 days, and markers of intestinal adaptation were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prebiotic treatment increased ileal mucosa weight compared with all other treatments (P = .017) and ileal protein compared with control (P = .049), regardless of day. Ileal villus length increased in the prebiotic and synbiotic group (P = .011), regardless of day, specifically due to an increase in epithelial proliferation (P = .003). In the 7-day prebiotic group, peptide transport was upregulated in the jejunum (P = .026), whereas glutamine transport was increased in both the jejunum and colon (P = .001 and .003, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prebiotic and/or synbiotic supplementation resulted in enhanced structure and function throughout the residual intestine. Identification of a synergistic prebiotic and probiotic combination may enhance the promising results obtained with prebiotic treatment alone.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Bolette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Jens J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tappenden
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis; D002087:Butyrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000097:blood; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine; D058616:Synbiotics
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; C116580:fructooligosaccharide