title: Cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G antibody is associated with subclinical carotid artery disease among HIV-infected women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been implicated in immune activation and accelerated progression of immunodeficiency from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. We hypothesized that CMV is associated with vascular disease in HIV-infected adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we studied 601 HIV-infected and 90 HIV-uninfected participants. We assessed the association of CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) level with carotid artery intima-media thickness, carotid artery distensibility, Young's elastic modulus, and blood pressures. Multivariable models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking, diabetes, and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean CMV IgG levels were higher in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women (P < .01). Among HIV-infected women, higher CMV IgG level was associated with decreased carotid artery distensibility (P < .01) and increased Young's modulus (P = .02). Higher CMV IgG antibody level was associated with increased prevalence of carotid artery lesions among HIV-infected women who achieved HIV suppression on antiretroviral therapy, but not among viremic or untreated HIV-infected women. Adjustment for Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels and C-reactive protein levels had no effect on the associations between CMV IgG levels and vascular parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytomegalovirus antibody titers are increased in HIV-infected women and associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. Host responses to CMV may be abnormal in HIV infection and associated with clinical disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parrinello
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Landay
authors.forename: Nell
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lurain
authors.forename: A Richey
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sharrett
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gange
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Deeks
authors.forename: Howard N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Hodis
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G