title: Safety profile of maraviroc in patients coinfected with HIV-1 and hepatitis B or C included in the maraviroc expanded access program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety of maraviroc with other antiretrovirals in patients with HIV-1 coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, noncomparative, open-label, expanded access program (EAP) initiated in February 2007. Patients with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 and HIV-1 RNA ≥ 1000 copies/mL on their current treatment received maraviroc 300 mg (150 mg with protease inhibitors) twice daily with optimized background therapy (OBT), which could include the newer agents raltegravir, etravirine, and darunavir. The adverse event (AE) profile was compared with the active and placebo arms of the maraviroc phase III clinical trials MOTIVATE 1 and 2, where the OBT did not include these agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,032 patients were enrolled: 51 HIV/HBV coinfected; 149 HIV/HCV coinfected, 9 HIV/HBV/HCV coinfected, and 823 HIV-1 monoinfected. Most (76%) received at least 1 newer agent. Overall AE frequency was comparable across coinfection groups (63%-72%). Hepatobiliary events were more common in HIV/HCV coinfection than in HIV monoinfection or HIV/HBV coinfection (10.0, 4.8, and 3.1 per 100 patient-years, respectively). Across all coinfection groups, there was a trend toward lower exposure-adjusted rates of serious and hepatobiliary AEs in the EAP than in the MOTIVATE studies. Grade 3/4 transaminase elevations in patients receiving maraviroc in the EAP and MOTIVATE were comparable with those seen in the MOTIVATE placebo arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maraviroc plus an OBT did not increase the incidence of AEs or severe laboratory liver abnormalities in HIV-1-infected patients coinfected with HBV or HCV.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarin
authors.forename: Soe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Than
authors.forename: Srinivas R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Valluri
authors.forename: Jayvant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heera
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mukwaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D060085:Coinfection; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077592:Maraviroc; D008875:Middle Aged; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D014230:Triazoles; D000077592:Maraviroc