title: Enhancement of the nanofibrillation of wood cellulose through sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation.
abstract: Sequential regioselective periodate-chlorite oxidation was employed as a new and efficient pretreatment to enhance the nanofibrillation of hardwood cellulose pulp through homogenization. The oxidized celluloses with carboxyl contents ranging from 0.38 to 1.75 mmol/g could nanofibrillate to highly viscous and transparent gels with yields of 100-85% without clogging the homogenizer (one to four passes). On the basis of field-emission scanning electron microscopy images, the nanofibrils obtained were of typical widths of approximately 25 ± 6 nm. All of the nanofibrillar samples maintained their cellulose I crystalline structure according to wide-angle X-ray diffraction results, and the crystallinity index was approximately 40% for all samples.
authors.affiliation: Fiber and Particle Engineering Laboratory, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland. Henrikki.Liimatainen@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Henrikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liimatainen
authors.forename: Miikka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visanko
authors.forename: Juho Antti
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sirviö
authors.forename: Osmo E O
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Hormi
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niinimaki
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D010504:Periodic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D010504:Periodic Acid; D002482:Cellulose; C009288:metaperiodate; C001599:chlorite