title: Glutathione synthesis and its role in redox signaling.
abstract: Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant and a major detoxification agent in cells. It is synthesized through two-enzyme reaction catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase, and its level is well regulated in response to redox change. Accumulating evidence suggests that GSH may play important roles in cell signaling. This review will focus on the biosynthesis of GSH, the reaction of S-glutathionylation (the conjugation of GSH with thiol residue on proteins), GSNO, and their roles in redox signaling.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
authors.forename: Hongqiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Henry Jay
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Forman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione