title: Psychological effects of Yi Ren Medical Qigong and progressive resistance training in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggest that qigong therapy has physiological benefits for adults with type 2 diabetes; however, information about the psychological benefits of qigong therapy in this population is limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this research project was to identify psychological responses to qigong vs control interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research team designed a randomized, controlled, three-arm clinical trial comparing 12 weeks of Yi Ren Medical Qigong (YRMQ), progressive resistance training (PRT), and standard care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at Bastyr University Research Institute, Kenmore, Washington.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 13 men and 19 women (N=32) with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, a mean age of 56.3 ± 8.1 (standard deviation) years, glycated hemoglobin > 7.5%, and fasting blood glucose > 7 mmol/dL (126 mg/dL).
  
  
  METHODS
  For 12 weeks, participants in the YRMQ and PRT group attended a 1-hour weekly group session that a certified instructor led and were instructed to practice at least twice a week for 30 minutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research team used the Perceived Stress Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory scores to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  YRMQ decreased perceived-stress scores by 29.3% (P < .05) and depression scores by 14.3% (not significant [NS]). The active control group, PRT, also decreased stress scores by 18.6% (NS) and decreased depression scores by 50% (P < .03). Stress and depression measures remained unchanged in the standard care group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YRMQ and PRT may be beneficial in reducing perceived stress and improving depression in patients with type 2 diabetes, although verification of the clinical significance of these findings requires a longer study with a larger sample size.
authors.affiliation: Bastyr University Research Institute, Kenmore, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Putiri
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lovejoy
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gillham
authors.forename: Masa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Guan-Cheng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D001945:Breathing Exercises; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055070:Resistance Training; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin