title: Renal evaluation of Aotus azarai infulatus by ultrasonography and serum chemistry profile.
abstract: This study aimed to characterize anatomical and biochemical properties of owl monkey kidneys in order to provide normal reference values. Sixty-nine Aotus azarai infulatus (45 males and 24 females) were divided into four different age groups (AG1: 3 months-1 year; AG2: 2-3 years; AG3: 4-6 years; and AG4: over 7 years old). The monkeys were evaluated with a serum chemistry profile, focusing on serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and with ultrasound. Mean body mass differed among the age groups. This significance was attributed to AG1 body mass being significantly lower than in AG2 and that in both AG2 and AG3 being significantly lower than in the two older age groups (AG3 and AG4). SCr and BUN concentrations differed significantly between the sexes and SCr level correlated positively with age. In contrast, renal measurements did not differ between males and females. Left and right renal volumes did not differ significantly within age groups, or among AG2, AG3, and AG4. Renal volumes in AG1, however, while not differing from those in AG2, did differ significantly from those in AG3 and AG4. In conclusion, this study provides ultrasonographic reference values for the morphology the kidneys in A. a. infulatus. Evidence is also provided that SCr and BUN levels in owl monkeys are influenced by the sex and age of the individual, factors that should be considered when interpreting test results.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Belém, PA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Luiza de Miranda Lins e
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Lins
authors.forename: Frederico Ozanan Barros
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Rafaela Sayuri Cicalise
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Gilmara Abreu
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faturi
authors.forename: Maria das Dores Correia
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Palha
authors.forename: Maria Vivina Barros
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Leandro Nassar
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kugelmeier
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique Gomes
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: de Castro
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D016645:Aotidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000097:blood*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D012015:Reference Standards; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine