title: Antenatal counselling for parents facing an extremely preterm birth: limitations of the medical evidence.
abstract: When physicians are asked for a consult for women in premature labour, they face a complex set of challenges. Policy statements recommend that women be given detailed information about the risks of various outcomes, including death, long-term disability and various specific neonatal problems. Both personal narratives and studies suggest that parents also base their decisions on factors other than the probabilistic facts about expected outcomes. Statistics are difficult to understand at any time. Rational decision-making may be difficult when taking life-and-death decisions. Furthermore, the role of emotions is not discussed in peri-viability guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We argue against trying to tell parents every fact that we think might be relevant to their decision. This may be overwhelming for many parents. Instead, doctors should try to discern, on a case-by-case basis, what particular parents want and need. Information and delivery of information should be personalized. Unfortunately, evidence in this area is limited.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology and Clinical Ethics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. anniejanvier@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janvier
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lantos
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D011379:Prognosis