title: Drug-induced gingival overgrowth: a study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gingival overgrowth is an adverse drug reaction (ADR) well known with phenytoin, cyclosporine or calcium channel blockers but can be related to other drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed spontaneous notifications of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO), in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected DIGO cases registered in the French Pharmacovigilance Database, between 1984 and 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 147 DIGO cases (0.04% of all cases), most of them (86.4%) "non serious". Patients were more frequently men (58.5%) and between 40 and 69 years (58.5%). Evolution was favourable in 47.5% of cases. The most frequently "suspected" drugs were calcium channel blockers (30.6%) followed by immunosuppressants (15.2%) and anticonvulsants (10.1%). The DIGO was also reported with drugs for which the ADR was "unlabelled" (mycophenolate mofetil, valproic acid, clarithromycin, ethynylestradiol, levonorgestrel, desogestrel, etc.). There were two peaks of occurrence (0-3 and >12 months) for immunosuppressants or calcium channel blockers and only one (>12 months) for anticonvulsants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gingival overgrowth is often a "non serious" ADR but evolution was favourable in only half of cases. This ADR is "labelled" for calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine and phenytoin but can also occur with other immunosuppressants or anticonvulsants, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, etc.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Midi-Pyrénées de PharmacoVigilance, de PharmacoEpidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, INSERM U 1027 Equipe de PharmacoEpidémiologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. guitton@cict.fr
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bondon-Guitton
authors.forename: Haleh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Montastruc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060735:Pharmacovigilance; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010672:Phenytoin; D016572:Cyclosporine