title: Is there a difference in laterality during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy? Assessment of lymph node yield and neurovascular bundle dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The da Vinci Surgical System (dVSS) has been reported to eliminate innate hand dominance of the surgeon. There are no studies to date, however, that specifically address whether the dVSS has its own inherent "handedness" resulting from the fixed left-right preference of specific instrument docking and assistant positioning. We identified the pelvic lymph node (LN) and neurovascular bundle (NVB) dissections as well as positive surgical margin rates as procedure points during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) that could be influenced by laterality and sought to illustrate left-right consistency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent RARP by a single right-handed surgeon (KKB) between 2008 and 2010 were identified. Surgeon instrument preference and port placement were consistent across all cases. Pathologic LN yield was stratified by the intended limits of dissection (limited or extended) and laterality. In addition, fascial widths (FW) were prospectively measured for 93 consecutive patients, a narrower FW indicating a more precise intended NVB dissection. The pathologists were blinded to intended dissections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 340 limited, 11 bilateral extended, 11 right extended, and 5 left extended LN dissections were performed. For patients undergoing limited LN dissection, the mean LN yield was greater on the right compared with the left (3.26 vs 2.76, P=0.010). This difference was not seen in the extended LN dissection (P=0.96). Average FW was narrower on the right surgical margin compared with the left (1.99 vs 2.64 mm, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that a greater number of LNs and a closer NVB dissection are achieved on the right compared with the left using the dVSS during RARP. This can be attributed to surgeon handedness, robotic instrument laterality, or assistant instrument laterality. Surgeon awareness of these potential differences is important for the preoperative planning before RARP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lipsky
authors.forename: Piruz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Motamedinia
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Greg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hruby
authors.forename: Ketan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Badani
mesh_terms: D005205:Fascia / Q000473:pathology; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011467:Prostate / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics