title: Use of a modified Comprehensive Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (CPEQ): characteristics and functional status of patients on entry to a tertiary care pain clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With increasing knowledge of chronic pain, clinicians have attempted to assess chronic pain patients with lengthy assessment tools.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the functional and emotional status of patients presenting to a tertiary care pain clinic; to assess the reliability and validity of a diagnostic classification system for chronic pain patients modelled after the Multidimensional Pain Inventory; to provide psychometric data on a modified Comprehensive Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (CPEQ); and to evaluate the relationship between the modified CPEQ construct scores and clusters with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition - Text Revision Pain Disorder diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 300 new patients over the course of nine months were collected using standardized assessment procedures plus a modified CPEQ at the Comprehensive Pain Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cluster analysis of the modified CPEQ revealed three patient profiles, labelled Adaptive Copers, Dysfunctional, and Interpersonally Distressed, which closely resembled those previously reported. The distribution of modified CPEQ construct T scores across profile subtypes was similar to that previously reported for the original CPEQ. A novel finding was that of a strong relationship between the modified CPEQ clusters and constructs with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition - Text Revision Pain Disorder diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CPEQ, either the original or modified version, yields reproducible results consistent with the results of other studies. This technique may usefully classify chronic pain patients, but more work is needed to determine the meaning of the CPEQ clusters, what psychological or biomedical variables are associated with CPEQ constructs or clusters, and whether this instrument may assist in treatment planning or predict response to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario. jennifer.nelli@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Jennifer Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nelli
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fatima Lakha
authors.forename: Ada F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Louffat
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chapparo
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mailis-Gagnon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018710:Pain Clinics; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult