title: Regional cerebral blood flow and FDG uptake in asymptomatic HIV-1 men.
abstract: Despite advances in the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder occurs in 15-50% of HIV-infected individuals, and may become more apparent as ageing advances. In the present study we investigated regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose uptake (rCMRglc) in medically and psychiatrically stable HIV-1-infected participants in two age-groups. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based arterial spin labeling (ASL) were used to measure rCMRglc and rCBF, respectively, in 35 HIV-infected participants and 37 HIV-negative matched controls. All participants were currently asymptomatic with undetectable HIV-1 viral loads, without medical or psychiatric comorbidity, alcohol or substance misuse, stable on medication for at least 6 months before enrolment in the study. We found significant age effects on both ASL and PET with reduced rCBF and rCMRglc in related frontal brain regions, and consistent, although small, reductions in rCBF and rCMRglc in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in HIV, a finding of potential clinical significance. There was no significant interaction between HIV status and the ageing process, and no significant HIV-related changes elsewhere in the brain on PET or ASL. This is the first paper to combine evidence from ASL and PET method in HIV participants. These finding provide evidence of crossvalidity between the two techniques, both in ageing and a clinical condition (HIV).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom, SE5 8AF.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Towgood
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitkanen
authors.forename: Ranjababu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulasegaram
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fradera
authors.forename: Suneeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sibtain
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bradbeer
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Joel T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zelaya
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kopelman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013113:Spin Labels; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013113:Spin Labels; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18