title: Condyle fossa relationship associated with functional posterior crossbite, before and after rapid maxillary expansion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate condylar symmetry and condyle fossa relationships in subjects with functional posterior crossbite comparing findings before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment through low-dose computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients (14 girls and 12 boys, mean age 9.6 ± 1.4 years) with functional posterior crossbite (FPXB) diagnosis underwent rapid palatal expansion with a Hyrax appliance. Patients' temporomandibular joints (TMJ) underwent multislice CT scans before rapid palatal expansion (T0) and after (T1). Joint spaces were compared with those of a control sample of 13 subjects (7 girls and 5 boys, mean age 11 ± 0.6 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior space (AS), superior space (SS), and posterior space (PS) joint space measurements at T0 between the FPXB side and contralateral side demonstrated no statistically significant differences. After RME treatment (T1), all three joint spaces increased on both the FPXB side and the non-crossbite side. However, differences were statistically significant only for the SS when comparing the two sides at T1. SS increased more than AS and PS in the non-crossbite condyle (0.28 mm) and FPXB condyle (0.37 mm), and PS increased only on the FPXB side (0.34 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no statistically significant differences in condyle position within the glenoid fossa between the FPXB and non-crossbite side before treatment. Increases in joint spaces were observed after treatment with RME on both sides. These changes were, however, of small amounts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Italy. rleonard@unict.it
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caltabiano
authors.forename: Costanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sicurezza
authors.forename: Ersilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbato
authors.forename: Concetto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spampinato
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giordano
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome