title: Establishment and characterization of a novel chordoma cell line: CH22.
abstract: Chordoma is a rare primary malignant bone tumor and there exist only a few established human chordoma cell lines. The scarcity of robust chordoma cell lines has limited the ability to study this tumor. In this report, we describe the establishment of a novel chordoma cell line and characterize its in vitro and in vivo behaviors. The tumor tissue was isolated from a patient with recurrent chordoma of the sacrum. After 6 months in culture, the chordoma cell line, referred here as CH22, was established. Microscopic analysis of two-dimensional culture confirmed that the CH22 cells exhibited a typical vacuolated cytoplasm similar to the well-established chordoma cell line U-CH1. Electron microscopy showed cohesive cells with numerous surface filopodia, pockets of glycogen and aggregates of intermediate tonofilaments in cytoplasm. Three-dimensional culture revealed that the CH22 cells could grow and form clusters by day 8. The MTT assays demonstrated that, compared with sensitive osteosarcoma cell lines, CH22 cells were relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that the CH22 cells expressed brachyury, vimentin, and cytokeratin. Finally, histological analysis of CH22 xenograft tumor tissues demonstrated the appearance of physaliphorous cells and positive staining of brachyury, cytokeratin, and S100. By CT and MRI, imaging xenografts showed the typical appearances seen in human chordomas. These findings suggest that the established novel human chordoma cell line CH22 and its tumorigenecity in SCID nude mice may serve as an important model for studying chordoma cell biology and the development of new therapeutic modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Xianzhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gunnlager Petur
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Waterman
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: Slim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mankin
authors.forename: Ramnik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissleder
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hornicek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002817:Chordoma / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D012447:Sacrum
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers