title: Dental arch relationship in 5-year-olds with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate after early alveolar bone grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate dental arch relationship in preschoolers with unilateral cleft lip and palate after early alveolar bone grafting (ABG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three raters blindly assessed the dental arch relationship with the GOSLON Yardstick (using a 5-point scale, from 1--very good to 5--very poor outcome) in Early-grafted group (27 boys and 15 girls; mean age = 5.2 years, SD 0.5) and Non-grafted group (17 boys and 12 girls; mean age = 5.8 years, SD 0.8). The groups differed regarding the age when ABG was performed: between 2 and 4 years (mean = 2.4, SD 0.6) in the Early-grafted group and after 9 years in the Non-grafted group. The strength of agreement of rating was evaluated with kappa statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra- and inter-rater agreement was high (κ > 0.800). The mean GOSLON score in the Early-grafted group was 2.72 and in the Non-grafted group -2.64. The distribution of the GOSLON grades in the Early-grafted group was: 54.8% had a score 1 or 2, 23.8%--3, and 21.4%--4 or 5; in the Non-grafted group, 38.0% subjects scored 1 or 2, 41.4%--3, and 20.6%--4 or 5 (p = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early alveolar bone grafting carried out between the ages of 2 and 4 years was not found to negatively affect dental arch relationship by the age of 5 years. However, it is possible that such a negative effect could be found if a longer observation period (e.g. at age 10 years or age 15 years) was allowed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Offert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pazera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janiszewska-Olszowska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hozyasz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katsaros
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fudalej
mesh_terms: D000543:Alveoloplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology; D015588:Observer Variation; D012044:Regression Analysis