title: Channel-forming activities in the glycosomal fraction from the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycosomes are a specialized form of peroxisomes (microbodies) present in unicellular eukaryotes that belong to the Kinetoplastea order, such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania species, parasitic protists causing severe diseases of livestock and humans in subtropical and tropical countries. The organelles harbour most enzymes of the glycolytic pathway that is responsible for substrate-level ATP production in the cell. Glycolysis is essential for bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei and enzymes comprising this pathway have been validated as drug targets. Glycosomes are surrounded by a single membrane. How glycolytic metabolites are transported across the glycosomal membrane is unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We hypothesized that glycosomal membrane, similarly to membranes of yeast and mammalian peroxisomes, contains channel-forming proteins involved in the selective transfer of metabolites. To verify this prediction, we isolated a glycosomal fraction from bloodstream-form T. brucei and reconstituted solubilized membrane proteins into planar lipid bilayers. The electrophysiological characteristics of the channels were studied using multiple channel recording and single channel analysis. Three main channel-forming activities were detected with current amplitudes 70-80 pA, 20-25 pA, and 8-11 pA, respectively (holding potential +10 mV and 3.0 M KCl as an electrolyte). All channels were in fully open state in a range of voltages ±150 mV and showed no sub-conductance transitions. The channel with current amplitude 20-25 pA is anion-selective (P(K+)/P(Cl-)∼0.31), while the other two types of channels are slightly selective for cations (P(K+)/P(Cl-) ratios ∼1.15 and ∼1.27 for the high- and low-conductance channels, respectively). The anion-selective channel showed an intrinsic current rectification that may suggest a functional asymmetry of the channel's pore.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the membrane of glycosomes apparently contains several types of pore-forming channels connecting the glycosomal lumen and the cytosol.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Melisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gualdron-López
authors.forename: Miia H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Vapola
authors.forename: Ilkka J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Miinalainen
authors.forename: J Kalervo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: Paul A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: Vasily D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Antonenkov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008830:Microbodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008565:Membrane Proteins