title: Anti-hyperglycemic effect of fermented ginseng in type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model.
abstract: Ginseng has shown an efficacy in preventing and managing various health conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the fermented ginseng extract (FGE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus murine model. FGE was provided to male C57BL/ksJ-db/db mice for 8 weeks at 0.1% (w/w) dose in contrast to water for the control group. Potential anti-diabetic mechanisms were investigated with blood glucose, serum insulin, serum adiponectin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose tolerance, insulin secretion assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Compared with the control group, the FGE group had lower levels of blood glucose after 6 and 9 h fasting, HbA1c, and the area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test and higher levels of adiponectin and serum insulin (p < 0.05). The FGE group had higher levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 and glucose transporter protein 2 mRNAs, a lower level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05), and less lymphocytes in pancreas than the control group had. The FGE exerted anti-diabetic effects in type 2 diabetic mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jin Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Myeong Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Geun Eog
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; C495682:Slc2a2 protein, mouse