title: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation and cardioprotection.
abstract: Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion promote oxidative stress, leading to the accumulation of reactive aldehydes that cause cardiac damage. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is emerging as a key cardioprotective enzyme for its central role in the detoxification of reactive aldehydes. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity strongly correlates to a better cardioprotective effect, and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 can be activated by several pathways. After phosphorylation, the active mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 can reduce the build-up of aldehydes, inhibit autophagy, inhibit opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and prevent reperfusion arrhythmias. Therefore, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation by small molecule activators suggests a promising new direction in cardiovascular research and the development of novel cardioprotective strategies. This review will discuss the cardioprotective effects of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation in detail. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Focus on Cardiac Metabolism".
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dingxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shengshou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D001343:Autophagy; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase