title: Dance and emotion in posterior parietal cortex: a low-frequency rTMS study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neural bases of emotion are most often studied using short non-natural stimuli and assessed using correlational methods. Here we use a brain perturbation approach to make causal inferences between brain activity and emotional reaction to a long segment of dance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to apply offline rTMS over the brain regions involved in subjective emotional ratings to explore whether this could change the appreciation of a dance performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify regions correlated with fluctuating emotional rating during a 4-min dance performance, looking at both positive and negative correlation. Identified regions were further characterized using meta-data interrogation. Low-frequency repetitive TMS was applied over the most important node in a different group of participants prior to them rating the same dance performance as in the fMRI session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FMRI revealed a negative correlation between subjective emotional judgement and activity in the right posterior parietal cortex. This region is commonly involved in cognitive tasks and not in emotional task. Parietal rTMS had no effect on the general affective response, but it significantly (P<0.05 using exact t-statistics) enhanced the rating of the moments eliciting the highest positive judgements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results establish a direct link between posterior parietal cortex activity and emotional reaction to dance. They can be interpreted in the framework of competition between resources allocated to emotion and resources allocated to cognitive functions. They highlight potential use of brain stimulation in neuro-æsthetic investigations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, G128QB Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. marie.grosbras@glasgow.ac.uk
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Grosbras
authors.forename: Haodan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pollick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D003615:Dancing / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*