title: Large-scale cellular-resolution gene profiling in human neocortex reveals species-specific molecular signatures.
abstract: Although there have been major advances in elucidating the functional biology of the human brain, relatively little is known of its cellular and molecular organization. Here we report a large-scale characterization of the expression of ∼1,000 genes important for neural functions by in situ hybridization at a cellular resolution in visual and temporal cortices of adult human brains. These data reveal diverse gene expression patterns and remarkable conservation of each individual gene's expression among individuals (95%), cortical areas (84%), and between human and mouse (79%). A small but substantial number of genes (21%) exhibited species-differential expression. Distinct molecular signatures, comprised of genes both common between species and unique to each, were identified for each major cortical cell type. The data suggest that gene expression profile changes may contribute to differential cortical function across species, and in particular, a shift from corticosubcortical to more predominant corticocortical communications in the human brain.
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. hongkuiz@alleninstitute.org
authors.forename: Hongkui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Elaine H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.forename: Seung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Royall
authors.forename: Katie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Glattfelder
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sunkin
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guillozet-Bongaarts
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ebbert
authors.forename: Beryl
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.forename: Damon T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Overly
authors.forename: Ed S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lein
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hawrylycz
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*