title: Arsenic triggers the nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) metabolism in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Environmental contamination by arsenic constitutes a problem in many countries, and its accumulation in food crops may pose health complications for humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved at various levels in the mechanism of responding to environmental stress in higher plants. Using Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to different arsenate concentrations, physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed to determine the status of ROS and RNS metabolisms. Arsenate provoked a significant reduction in growth parameters and an increase in lipid oxidation. These changes were accompanied by an alteration in antioxidative enzymes and the nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, with a significant increase in NO content, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity and protein tyrosine nitration as well as a concomitant reduction in glutathione and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) content. Our results indicate that 500 μM arsenate (AsV) causes nitro-oxidative stress in Arabidopsis, being the glutathione reductase and the GSNOR activities clearly affected.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leterrier
authors.forename: Morad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Airaki
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaki
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Corpas
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014443:Tyrosine; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C087006:formaldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione-independent; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D001151:Arsenic