title: Arch height and maximum rearfoot eversion during jogging in 2 static neutral positions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinically, lowering of the medial longitudinal arch is believed to be closely related to rearfoot eversion. However, the relationship between arch height and rearfoot eversion during gait is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To examine the influence of 2 reference positions (weight-bearing neutral position [WBNP] and subtalar neutral position [STNP]) on maximum rearfoot eversion, tibial internal rotation, knee flexion, knee internal rotation, and dorsiflexion-plantar flexion of ankle joint measures during jogging and (2) to compare the relationships among static arch height, navicular drop, and the 2 maximum rearfoot eversion measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gait laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three volunteers between 18 and 40 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each participant stood on the treadmill in 2 static positions: WBNP and STNP. Kinematic data were obtained using a 10-camera motion analysis system (120 Hz) when participants jogged at 2.65 m/s on the treadmill in bare feet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rearfoot and shank angular kinematics, navicular drop, and static arch height.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum rearfoot eversion was greater (WBNP: 4.03° ± 2.58°, STNP: 10.91° ± 5.34°) when STNP was the static reference (P < .001). A strong correlation was seen between maximum STNP eversion and navicular drop (r = 0.842) but not between WBNP and navicular drop (r = 0.216). Differences were noted in dorsiflexion and knee kinematics during gait between the static references; however, the effect sizes were low, and the mean differences were smaller than 2°, which was less than 5% of total excursion during gait.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using STNP rather than WBNP as the reference position affects estimates of frontal-plane rearfoot movement but not other ankle or knee motions in jogging.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. s.lee7@miami.edu
authors.forename: Sae Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hertel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D000843:Ankle Joint; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005529:Foot Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007590:Jogging / Q000502:physiology*; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology; D007719:Knee Joint; D011187:Posture; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing