title: Auditory skills, language development, and adaptive behavior of children with cochlear implants and additional disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of functional auditory skills, language, and adaptive behavior in deaf children with cochlear implants (CI) who also have additional disabilities (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-group, pre-test versus post-test design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons were made between 23 children with CIs and ADs, and an age-matched comparison group of 23 children with CIs without ADs (No-AD). Assessments were obtained pre-CI and within 12 months post-CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but two deaf children with ADs improved in auditory skills using the IT-MAIS. Most deaf children in the AD group made progress in receptive but not expressive language using the preschool language scale, but their language quotients were lower than the No-AD group. Five of eight children with ADs made progress in daily living skills and socialization skills; two made progress in motor skills. Children with ADs who did not make progress in language, did show progress in adaptive behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with deafness and ADs made progress in functional auditory skills, receptive language, and adaptive behavior. Expanded assessment that includes adaptive functioning and multi-center collaboration is recommended to best determine benefits of implantation in areas of expected growth in this clinical population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA. jesbeer@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Kronenberger
authors.forename: Rachael Frush
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Pisoni
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001307:Auditory Perception; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003071:Cognition; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000523:psychology*; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012951:Socialization