title: Retro-mode Imaging for retinal pigment epithelium alterations in central serous chorioretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a simple, noninvasive retro-mode imaging technique employing confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) as a novel imaging modality for the detection of alterations in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 eyes from 45 patients at various phases of CSCR were included. All patients underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using a volume scan protocol, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (IA), and retro-mode imaging by cSLO. We investigated retro-mode images to evaluate RPE status by comparing the results with those of SD-OCT, FA, and IA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had various phases of CSCR: acute (23 eyes), chronic (17 eyes), and resolved (8 eyes). Retro-mode imaging detected subtle alterations in subretinal fluid (SRF) and RPE, which were undetectable with FA or IA. The correspondence between SD-OCT scanning the entire macula and retro-mode imaging differed according to the chronicity of the disease. In cases with acute CSCR, the correspondence with SD-OCT reached 44.44% in eyes with semicircular pigment epithelial detachment (PED), 33.33% in eyes with low to flat PED, and 35.71% in eyes with RPE protrusion. In cases with chronic CSCR, the correspondence with SD-OCT reached 83.33%, 57.14%, and 85.71% in eyes with semicircular PED, low to flat PED, and RPE protrusion, respectively. Correspondence in cases with resolved CSCR was 100% in eyes with either semicircular or low to flat PED and 83.33% in eyes with RPE protrusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple and noninvasive retro-mode imaging by cSLO provides improved comprehensive topographic information of RPE alterations in CSCR. Our detailed interpretation may be useful for future research of retro-mode imaging in various macular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Un
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Byung Ro
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D058471:Subretinal Fluid; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green