title: Influence of the relative composition of trace elements and vitamins in physicochemical stability of total parenteral nutrition formulations for neonatal use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the relative composition of trace elements and vitamins in physicochemical stability of neonatal parenteral nutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three formulations for neonatal administration were selected; the main variable was the presence of trace elements and vitamins. The analyses where carried out immediately after preparation and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days after preparation. Three methods were selected to determine globule size: light obscuration, dynamic light scattering and optical microscopy. Complementary evaluation including visual inspection, determination of pH and osmolarity, peroxide levels and measurements of zeta potential were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an observable alteration in color and phase separation in the PN stored at 25°C and 40°C. Neither globule size pattern, nor any other physicochemical characteristic evaluated appeared to be considerably altered in any of the analyzed formulations even after 7 days of storage at 5°C. Globule size in all the PN studied was consistent with the established limit, below 500 nm by DLS measurement, and PFAT5 was below 0.05% under all storage temperatures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant presence of trace elements and vitamins in the same neonatal formulation did not alter the evaluated aspects of stability.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bianca W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Venício F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: da Veiga
authors.forename: Lúcio M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: Ricardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Nádia M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: Valéria P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: de Sousa
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D010316:Particle Size; D010545:Peroxides / Q000032:analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D010545:Peroxides; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins