title: Evaluating dispensers loaded with codlemone and pear ester for disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
abstract: Polyvinyl chloride polymer (PVC) dispensers loaded with ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) plus the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), were compared with PVC dispensers and a commercial dispenser (Isomate-C  Plus) loaded with codlemone. Evaluations were conducted in replicated plots (0.1-0.2 ha) in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen) during both generations of codling moth from 2007 to 2009. Dispensers were applied at 1,000 ha(-1). Male captures in traps baited with virgin  female moths and codlemone lures were recorded. Residual analysis of field-aged dispensers over both moth generations was conducted. Dispensers exhibited linear declines in release rates of both attractants, and pear ester was released at a significantly higher rate than codlemone during both  time periods. The proportion of virgin female-baited traps catching males was significantly lower with combo dispenser TRE24 (45/110, mg codlemone/mg pear ester) during the second generation in 2007 and the combo dispensers TRE144 (45/75) and TRE145 (75/45) during the first generation in 2008  compared with Isomate-C Plus. Similarly, male catches in female-baited traps in plots treated with the combo dispensers TRE144 during the first generation in 2008 and TRE23 (75/110) during the second generation, in 2007 were significantly lower than in plots treated with Isomate-C Plus. No  significant differences were found for male catches in codlemone-baited traps in plots treated with Isomate-C Plus and any of the combo dispensers. However, male catches were significantly lower in plots treated with Cidetrak CM (codlemone-only dispenser) than the combo TRE144 dispenser during  both generations in 2009.
authors.affiliation: Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951, USA. alan.knight@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chebny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003651:Decanoates; D007851:Dodecanol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus; D009036:Moths; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003651:Decanoates; C438223:ethyl-2,4-decadienoate; D007851:Dodecanol; C001977:8,10-dodecadien-1-ol