title: Glyphosate induced cell death through apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms.
abstract: Herbicides have been recognized as the main environmental factor associated with human neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease(PD). Previous studies indicated that the exposure to glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, is possibly linked to Parkinsonism, however the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the neurotoxic effects of glyphosate in differentiated PC12 cells and discovered that it inhibited viability of differentiated PC12 cells in dose-and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, the results showed that glyphosate induced cell death via autophagy pathways in addition to activating apoptotic pathways. Interestingly, deactivation of Beclin-1 gene attenuated both apoptosis and autophagy in glyphosate treated differentiated PC12 cells, suggesting that Beclin-1 gene is involved in the crosstalk between the two mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Ya-xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Xiao-ning
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Hong-mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sheng-di
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071186:Beclin-1; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000071186:Beclin-1; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate; C512829:Becn1 protein, rat