title: Consistency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific interferon-gamma responses in HIV-1-infected women during pregnancy and postpartum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We determined the consistency of positive interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) to detect latent TB infection (LTBI) over one-year postpartum in HIV-1-infected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with positive IGRAs during pregnancy had four 3-monthly postpartum IGRAs. Postpartum change in magnitude of IFN-γ response was determined using linear mixed models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 18 women with positive pregnancy IGRA, 15 (83%) had a subsequent positive IGRA; 9 (50%) were always positive, 3 (17%) were always negative, and 6 (33%) fluctuated between positive and negative IGRAs. Women with pregnancy IGRA IFN-γ>8 spot forming cells (SFCs)/well were more likely to have consistent postpartum IGRA response (odds ratio: 10.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-117.0). Change in IFN-γ response over postpartum was 10.2 SFCs/well (95% CI: -1.5-21.8 SFCs/well).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy positive IGRAs were often maintained postpartum with increased consistency in women with higher baseline responses. There were modest increases in magnitude of IGRA responses postpartum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
authors.forename: Sasi R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jonnalagadda
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lohman-Payne
authors.forename: Dalton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wamalwa
authors.forename: Carey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farquhar
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cranmer
authors.forename: Grace C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: John-Stewart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis*; D059425:Interferon-gamma Release Tests / Q000592:standards*; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma