title: Susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage from different species of neotropical primates to ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection.
abstract: This study examined the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage (PM) from the Neotropical primates: Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix penicillata, Saimiri sciureus, Aotus azarae infulatus and Callimico goeldii to ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), as a screening assay for evaluating the potential of these non-human primates as experimental models for studying AVL. The PM-susceptibility to infection was accessed by the PM-infection index (PMI) at 24, 72 h and by the mean of these rates (FPMI), as well as by the TNF-α, IL-12 (Capture ELISA) and Nitric oxide (NO) responses (Griess method). At 24h, the PMI of A. azarae infulatus (128) was higher than those of C. penicillata (83), C. goeldii (78), S. sciureus (77) and C. jacchus (55). At 72h, there was a significant PMI decrease in four monkeys: A. azarae infulatus (128/37), C. penicillata (83/38), S. sciureus (77/38) and C. jacchus (55/12), with exception of C. goeldii (78/54). The FPMI of A. azarae infulatus (82.5) and C. goeldii (66) were higher than C. jacchus (33.5), but not higher than those of C. penicillata (60.5) and S. sciureus (57.5). The TNF-a response was more regular in those four primates which decreased their PMI at 24/72 h: C. jacchus (145/122 pg/mL), C. penicillata (154/130 pg/mL), S. sciureus (164/104 pg/mL) and A. azarae infulatus (154/104 pg/mL), with exception of C. goeldii (38/83 pg/mL). The IL-12 response was mainly prominent in A. infulatus and C. goeldii which presented the highest FPMI and, the NO response was higher in C. goeldii, mainly at 72 h. These findings strongly suggest that these New World primates have developed a resistant innate immune response mechanism capable of controlling the macrophage intracellular growth of L. (L.) i. chagasi-infection, which do not encourage their use as animal model for studying AVL.
authors.affiliation: Evandro Chagas Institute, Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health, Belém, Pará State, Brazil. lilianecarneiro@iec.pa.gov.br
authors.forename: Liliane Almeida
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Márcia Dalastra
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laurenti
authors.forename: Marliane Batista
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Claudia Maria de Castro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Pereira
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: Fernando Tobias
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Silveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000469:parasitology*; D011323:Primates / Q000469:parasitology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12