title: Multiple episodes of convergence in genes of the dim light vision pathway in bats.
abstract: The molecular basis of the evolution of phenotypic characters is very complex and is poorly understood with few examples documenting the roles of multiple genes. Considering that a single gene cannot fully explain the convergence of phenotypic characters, we choose to study the convergent evolution of rod vision in two divergent bats from a network perspective. The Old World fruit bats (Pteropodidae) are non-echolocating and have binocular vision, whereas the sheath-tailed bats (Emballonuridae) are echolocating and have monocular vision; however, they both have relatively large eyes and rely more on rod vision to find food and navigate in the night. We found that the genes CRX, which plays an essential role in the differentiation of photoreceptor cells, SAG, which is involved in the desensitization of the photoactivated transduction cascade, and the photoreceptor gene RH, which is directly responsible for the perception of dim light, have undergone parallel sequence evolution in two divergent lineages of bats with larger eyes (Pteropodidae and Emballonuroidea). The multiple convergent events in the network of genes essential for rod vision is a rare phenomenon that illustrates the importance of investigating pathways and networks in the evolution of the molecular basis of phenotypic convergence.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Burton K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: He-Qun
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055254:Night Vision / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C109288:cone rod homeobox protein