title: Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy in adult patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical features of epilepsy secondary to Malformation of Cortical Development (MCD) in a series of adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched our database for all cases with confirmed epilepsy and MCD and included in the study only those with complete data. Mean age, sex, age at seizure onset (ASO), seizure types, abnormal neurological exam (ANE), mental retardation, family history, gestational or perinatal insults (G-PI), interictal EEG and response to treatment were analyzed. Cases were classified into the 3 main groups (G) according to the Barkovich classification (BC) and then compared: (G1) "malformations due to abnormal cell proliferation", (G2) "malformations due to abnormal migration" and (G3) "malformations due to abnormal cortical organization".
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 152 (5.06%) patients with MCD from a total of 3000 with epilepsy. In total, 138 patients with complete medical data were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 36.2 years, 52.2% were female, the mean ASO was 12.3 years, 5.1% of cases had a positive family history and 21% had G-PI. An ANE was observed in 21% and mental retardation in 31.9%. Most of the patients (84.8%) had refractory epilepsy. The distribution of cases according to the BC was: 51.4% in G1, 28.9% in G2 and 19.6% in G3. Comparing the 3 groups, we found that an ANE was statistically more frequent in G3 and was present in 70.4% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series of adult patients with epilepsy and MCD suggests that MCD are identified as commonly in a developing country as in previous "first world" series. Neurological deficits were more common in the subgroup of patients with polymicrogyria and schizencephaly (BC Group 3).
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Section, Neurology Department, Ramos Mejía Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. cpapayonis@intramed.net
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Papayannis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Consalvo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seifer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oddo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Alessio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saidon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kochen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult