title: Probing surface and bulk electrochemical processes on the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interface.
abstract: Local electrochemical phenomena on the surfaces of the LaAlO(3)-SrTiO(3) heterostructure are explored using unipolar and bipolar dynamic electrochemical strain microscopy (D-ESM). The D-ESM suggests the presence of at least two distinct electrochemical processes, including fast reversible low-voltage process and slow high-voltage process. The latter process is associated with static surface deformations in the sub-nanometer regime. These behaviors are compared with Kelvin probe force microscopy hysteresis data. The possible origins of observed phenomena are discussed, and these studies suggest that charge-writing behavior in LAO-STO includes a strong surface/bulk electrochemical component and is more complicated than simple screening by surface adsorbates.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: Yunseok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ilia N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jesse
authors.forename: Chung W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Bark
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Bristowe
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Artacho
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Littlewood
authors.forename: Chang-Beom
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Sergei V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kalinin