title: [Mechanisms for the increased fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice in wheat-rice rotation system under combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers].
abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the nitrogen uptake by rice and the nitrogen supply by soil in a wheat-rice rotation system, and approach the mechanisms for the increased fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice under the combined fertilization from the viewpoint of microbiology. Comparing with applying inorganic fertilizers, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers decreased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen contents before tillering stage, but increased them significantly from heading to filling stage. Under the combined fertilization, the dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization, which promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plant and the increase of rice yield and biomass, and increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice significantly. Combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers also promoted the propagation of soil microbes, and consequently, more mineral nitrogen in soil was immobilized by the microbes at rice early growth stage, and the immobilized nitrogen was gradually released at the mid and late growth stages of rice, being able to better satisfy the nitrogen demand of rice in its various growth and development stages.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China. jxnclyr@163.com
authors.forename: Yi-Ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qi-Rong
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yang-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D005308:Fertilizers; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D008372:Manure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D009584:Nitrogen