title: Immunohistochemical Expression of DCUN1D1 in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Its Relation to Brain Metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises 75-85% of all lung cancers, and approximately 25% of all NSCLC patients develop brain metastasis. There are no reliable markers for predicting in which patients this metastasis will occur. DCUN1D1, also known as squamous cell carcinoma-related oncogene, is associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes in NSCLC. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of DCUN1D1 expression in cases of brain metastasis due to NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary tumor samples from a total of 71 cases of NSCLC, either with (n=40) or without (n=31) brain metastasis, were evaluated for DCUN1D1 expression by immunohistochemistry analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DCUN1D1 expression was detected in 16 patients (23%) and tended to correlate with T classification (15% of T1-2 tumors vs. 30% of T3-4 tumors, p=0.083). DCUN1D1 expression was significantly associated with tumor stage. It was observed in none of the patients with stage I disease, 10% of those with stage II disease, and 29% with stage III disease (p=0.009). In addition, 14 of 16 DCUN1D1-positive patients resulted in brain metastasis (p=0.01). The odds ratio of brain metastasis for patients with DCUN1D1 expression was 3.112 (p=0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCUN1D1 expression may play a role in tumor progression and development of brain metastasis in patients with NSCLC. Evaluation of DCUN1D1 expression may provide assistance in identifying those patients who are at higher risk for brain metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Seong-Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwang-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Lym
authors.forename: Sonya Youngju
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chang-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Ji-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seok-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Chang-Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kang