title: Blunt cervical spine injury in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present data from recently conducted research regarding the diagnosis of blunt cervical spine injury (CSI) in children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research in the prehospital setting to evaluate the need for cervical spine immobilization in children, regardless of clinical findings or mechanism of injury, suggests that low-risk prediction rules may be safely utilized by prehospital providers, although more data is needed. Their size, developing skeleton and unique anatomy leave children vulnerable to particular injury patterns, namely cephalad bony fractures and ligamentous and spinal cord injuries without radiographic abnormality. Low-risk clinical prediction rules have been developed but need to be further validated. For those children at higher risk of CSI, diagnostic imaging strategies are evolving, with computed tomography and MRI becoming more prominent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence in the management of children with CSI has expanded in recent years, but further large prospective studies are needed. We present a review of some recent developments influencing clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tilt
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Babineau
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fenster
authors.forename: Faiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Cindy G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roskind
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D002648:Child; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis*