title: Comparison and evaluation of urinary biomarkers for occupational exposure to spray adhesives containing 1-bromopropane.
abstract: Three metabolites of 1-bromopropane (1-BP) were measured in urine samples collected from 30 workers exposed to 1-BP at two facilities making furniture seat cushions and evaluated for use as biomarkers of exposure. The mercapturic acid metabolite, N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-l-cysteine (AcPrCys), 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), and bromide ion levels (Br(-)) were quantitated for this evaluation. The high exposure group consisted of 13 workers employed as adhesive sprayers who assembled foam cushions using 1-BP containing spray adhesives and the low exposure group consisted of 17 non-sprayers, who worked in various jobs without spraying adhesives. All workers' urine voids were collected over the same 48 h period at work, and at home before bedtime, and upon awakening. Urinary AcPrCys and Br(-) levels were elevated in the sprayers compared to that of non-sprayers. Following HPLC-MS/MS analysis of mercapturic acid metabolite levels, 50 urine samples having the highest levels of AcPrCys were analyzed for 3-BPA. No 3-BPA was detected in any of the samples. The data collected from this study demonstrate that AcPrCys and Br(-) are effective biomarkers of 1-BP exposure, but 3-BPA is not.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Science and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch , Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226 , USA.
authors.forename: Patricia I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cheever
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Belinda C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: B'hymer
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008420:Manufactured Materials; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D017132:Workplace / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C118559:1-bromopropane