title: Simultaneous determination of aromatic acid metabolites of styrene and styrene-oxide in rat urine by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.
abstract: A convenient and reliable gas chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of six aromatic acid metabolites of styrene and styrene-oxide in rat urine; i.e., benzoic (BA), phenylacetic (PAA), mandelic (MA), phenylglyoxylic (PGA), hippuric (HA) and phenylaceturic (PAUA) acids. The method involves a one-pot esterification-extraction procedure, performed directly on urine without prior treatment. Analyses were performed on a RTX-1701 capillary column and the recovered isopropyl esters derivatives were detected by flame ionization detection. The analytical method was validated for selectivity, linearity, detection and quantification limits, recovery and intra-day and inter-day precisions. Calibration curves showed linearity in the range of 8-800 mg/L, except for HA and PAUA (40-800 mg/L). Limits of detection were between 0.2 (PPA) and 7.0 (PAUA) mg/L. The intra-day precisions determined at three concentrations levels were less than 5% for BA, PAA, MA and PGA and 9% for HA and PAUA, respectively. The corresponding mean inter-day precisions for these two groups were 8 and 16%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to quantitatively analyze styrene, styrene-oxide, ethylbenzene and toluene metabolites in urine samples from rats exposed by inhalation to these compounds at levels close to the occupational threshold limit values. Provided that this method can be transposed to human urine, it could have applications as part of biological monitoring for workers exposed to styrene or related compounds.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Rue du Morvan CS 60027, Vandoeuvre, 54519 cedex, France. frederic.cosnier@inrs.fr
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cosnier
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nunge
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cossec
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaté
mesh_terms: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic / Q000652:urine*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000652:urine; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods; D006038:Glyoxylates / Q000652:urine; D006626:Hippurates / Q000652:urine; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000652:urine; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020058:Styrene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D006038:Glyoxylates; D006626:Hippurates; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D010648:Phenylacetates; C012482:phenylglyoxylic acid; D020058:Styrene; D019817:Benzoic Acid; C013690:styrene oxide; C025136:phenylacetic acid; C037938:mandelic acid; C030514:hippuric acid