title: Intraamniotic inflammatory response to bacteria: analysis of multiple amniotic fluid proteins in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse whether intraamniotic inflammation in response to bacteria is different below and above gestational age 32 weeks in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed, and 115 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM at gestational ages between 24(0/7) and 36(6/7) weeks were included in the study. Transabdominal amniocenteses were performed. Amniotic fluid was analysed using polymerase chain reactions for genital mycoplasmas and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The concentrations of 26 proteins in the amniotic fluid were determined simultaneously using multiplex technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacteria were found in the amniotic fluid of 43% (49/115) of the women. The women were stratified into two subgroups according to gestational age 32 weeks. The amniotic fluid levels of four (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, CC chemokine ligands 2, and 3) and one specific (CC chemokine ligands 2) proteins were higher in women with the presence of bacteria in the amniotic fluid below and above 32 gestational weeks, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An intraamniotic inflammatory response to bacteria in pregnancies complicated by PPROM seems to be different below and above 32 weeks of gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. kacermar@fnhk.cz
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacerovsky
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Musilova
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khatibi
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skogstrand
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tambor
authors.forename: Jindrich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tosner
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines