title: The use of computerised simulators for training of transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. The future of echocardiographic training?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Echocardiography is the commonest form of non-invasive cardiac imaging but due to its methodology, it is operator dependent. Numerous advances in technology have resulted in the development of interactive programs and simulators to teach trainees the skills to perform particular procedures, including transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty trainee sonographers assessed a computerised mannequin echocardiographic simulator and were taught how to obtain an apical two-chamber (A2C) view and image the superior vena cava (SVC). Forty-two attendees at a TOE simulator workshop assessed its utility and commented on perceived future use, using defined criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred percent and 88% of sonographers found the simulator useful in obtaining the SVC or A2C view respectively. All users found it easy to use and the majority found it helped with image acquisition and interpretation. Attendees of the TOE training day assessed the simulator with 100% finding it easy to use, as well as the augmented reality graphics benefiting image acquisition. Ninety percent felt that it was realistic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that both trainee sonographers and TOE proceduralists found the simulation process was realistic, helped in image acquisition and improved assessment of spatial relationships. Echocardiographic simulators may play an important role in the future training of echocardiographic skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Echocardiography, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Rd., Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia. david platts@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: David Gerard
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Platts
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: Darryl John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burstow
authors.forename: Bonita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forshaw
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Scalia
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004493:Education; D004522:Educational Status; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*