title: Alkaline phosphatase immobilization onto Bio-Gide® and Bio-Oss® for periodontal and bone regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immobilization onto Bio-Gide(®) in vitro, and to study the in vivo performance of ALP-enriched Bio-Gide(®) and/or Bio-Oss(®) with the purpose to enhance periodontal regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alkaline phosphatase ALP was immobilized onto Bio-Gide(®) and Bio-Oss(®) . Forty-eight rats received periodontal defects, which were treated according to one of the following strategies: Bio-Gide(®), Bio-Gide(®) -ALP, Bio-Gide(®) -ALP/Bio-Oss(®), Bio-Gide(®) /Bio-Oss(®) -ALP, Bio-Gide(®) -ALP/Bio-Oss(®) -ALP, or empty. Micro-CT and histological analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 30 min ALP-deposition time was determined as optimal from mineralization capacity assessment and consequently used as Bio-Gide(®) -ALP membranes in the animal experiment. In vivo results showed that after 2 weeks, the defect and implanted materials were still visible, an inflammatory response was present, and membrane degradation was ongoing. Bone formation, although limited, was observed in the majority of Bio-Gide(®) -ALP specimens and all of the Bio-Gide(®) /Bio-Oss(®) -ALP specimens, and was significantly higher compared with Bio-Gide(®) and empty controls. After 6 weeks, the defects and particles were still visible, whereas membranes were completely degraded. The inflammatory response was decreased and bone formation appeared superior for Bio-Gide(®) -ALP treated defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immobilization of ALP onto guided tissue regeneration (GTR)/ guided bone regeneration (GBR)-materials (Bio-Gide(®) and Bio-Oss(®)) can enhance the performance of these materials in GTR/GBR procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Daniël A W
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Oortgiesen
authors.forename: Adelina S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Plachokova
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geenen
authors.forename: Gert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: X Frank
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Walboomers
authors.forename: Jeroen J J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van den Beucken
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: C106416:Bio-Gide; C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008903:Minerals; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase