title: Male breast cancer: a retrospective study of 15 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the 15-year experience with breast cancer in males at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data from 25 male patients who had undergone surgery for breast cancer at a single center were retrospectively analysed. Their medical records were studied for clinical characteristics, therapeutic modalities used and factors associated with disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS), like local recurrence/distant metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median patient age was 67 years (range 38-83). The most frequent presenting symptom was a palpable lump. Eighteen (72%) patients underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM), while sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was performed in 14 (56%) cases. Of 25 patients, 21 (84%) underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and 15 (71.4%) of them had pathological axillary lymph node involvement. Two of 25 (8%) patients with bone and liver metastases underwent toilet mastectomy due to breast ulceration. Estrogen receptor (ER) was positive in 15 (60%) patients, while progesterone receptor (PR) and C-erbB2 (HER-2) were positive in 10 (40%) and 2 (8%) patients, respectively. Ten patients (40%) had both ER(+) and PR(+). The median follow-up period was 19 months (range 3-102). Local recurrence developed in one (4%) patient and distant metastasis in 4 (16%). Five-year OS and DFS were 53 and 49%, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analysis, pathological tumor size (<2 vs. >2 cm), pathological lymph node involvement and preoperative skin involvement over the breast were not associated with breast recurrence. Only in univariate analysis local recurrence/distant metastasis were associated with poor OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large cooperative studies are needed using strict clinical and laboratory criteria to advance the understanding of this disease and to identify the most effective treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: Konya Education and Research Hospital, General Surgery Clinic, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Eryilmaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muslumanoglu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone