title: Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli colonization in predentate children from the neonatal period to seven months of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the colonization of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) in predentate children from the neonatal period to 7 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 957 mother-and-child pairs were recruited from birth and followed up at 7 months. The 283 children who did not have erupted teeth at the second visit were included in the study. Oral mucosal swabs were taken, and the presence of MS and LB was determined using a commercial microbiological culture kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At mean ages of 34 days and 7 months, 9 and 11% of the infants, respectively, showed the presence of MS. In contrast, LB presence increased from 24 to 47% (p < 0.0001). MS presence in the neonatal period was associated with maternal MS counts of >10(5) CFU/ml (p = 0.05), while LB presence was associated with natural birth (p = 0.03) and maternal LB presence (p = 0.02). At 7 months, MS presence was associated with maternal MS counts (p = 0.02) and LB counts of >10(5) CFU/ml (p = 0.007). Additional predictors of MS presence at 7 months were a child's MS counts of >10(5) CFU/ml at the neonatal visit (p = 0.019) and nighttime bottle feeding (p = 0.024). LB presence at 7 months was associated with maternal LB (p < 0.001) and MS presence (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS and LB can be detected by culture in the oral cavity as early as 34 days after birth. Their infection rates increase to 11 and 47%, respectively, by the time the children reach the end of the predentate stage of oral development.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Plonka
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pukallus
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Holcombe
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Seow
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009035:Mothers; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification