title: Electrochemical boron-doped diamond film microcells micromachined with femtosecond laser: application to the determination of water framework directive metals.
abstract: Planar electrochemical microcells were micromachined in a microcrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin layer using a femtosecond laser. The electrochemical performances of the new laser-machined BDD microcell were assessed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) determinations, at the nanomolar level, of the four heavy metal ions of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD): Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Hg(II). The results are compared with those of previously published BDD electrodes. The calculated detection limits are 0.4, 6.8, 5.5, and 2.3 nM, and the linearities go up to 35, 97, 48, and 5 nM for, respectively, Cd(II), Ni(II) Pb(II), and Hg(II). The detection limits meet with the environmental quality standard of the WFD for three of the four metals. It was shown that the four heavy metals could be detected simultaneously in the concentration ratio usually measured in sewage or runoff waters.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR CNRS 5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard 11 Nnovembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sbartai
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Namour
authors.forename: Abdelhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Errachid
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krejči
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Šejnohová
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: Mohamed Larbi
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hamlaoui
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Loir
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garrelie
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donnet
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soder
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Audouard
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granier
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jaffrezic-Renault