title: Changes in facial appearance after maxillomandibular advancement for severe obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome in Chinese patients: a subjective and objective evaluation.
abstract: This study evaluates the outcome and change in facial appearance after maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in Chinese adults with severe obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). Twelve patients underwent MMA with adjunctive procedures for severe OSAHS. All underwent physical examination, Epworth Sleepiness Scale evaluation, cephalometry, polysomnography, and facial photographic assessment before and 6 months after MMA. The aesthetic plane (relationship of nose, lips, and chin) was used to judge soft tissue facial profile change after MMA. Postoperative cephalometric data were compared with normal occlusive standards and aesthetic norms. Pre- and postoperative aesthetic appearance was evaluated by 100 lay people using a 10-point visual analogue scale. The maxillomandibular complex (MMC) was advanced 5-10 mm (mean 7.4 mm). The success rate was 83%. All patients were satisfied with the functional and aesthetic results. Postoperative SNA, SNB, and posterior airway space increased and mandibular plane-to-hyoid distance decreased significantly in all patients. The lower lip was closer to EP than the preoperative and normal occlusive standard. In 11 of 12 patients, the lay aesthetic scores were significantly higher postoperatively. MMA is effective for Chinese adults with severe OSAHS. In most patients, facial appearance was more attractive after MMC advancement of 5-10 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: S-r
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H-l
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H-m
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S-k
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002681:China; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D063166:Maxillary Osteotomy; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000208:ethnology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome