title: Are antioxidant and transcriptional responses useful for discriminating between chemo- and radiotoxicity of uranium in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii?
abstract: The main objectives of this study were to evaluate uranium (U) toxicity in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii at a low dose of exposure and to discriminate between the chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity of U. We conducted two sets of experiments using either 30 μg L(-1) of depleted uranium (DU) or (233)U, which differ from each other only in their specific activity (DU=1.7×10(4)Bqg(-1), (233)U=3.57×10(8)Bqg(-1)). The endpoints were oxidative stress responses and mitochondrial functioning in the gills and hepatopancreas, which were measured in terms of enzyme activities and gene expression levels. U accumulation levels were measured in different organs (gills, hepatopancreas, stomach, intestine, green gland, muscles, and carapace), and internal dose rates in the hepatopancreas were compared after DU and (233)U exposures. Significant U accumulation occurred in the organs of P. clarkii, and mitochondrial damage and antioxidant responses were detected. Despite the huge difference (21,000×) in the specific activities of DU and (233)U, few significant differences in biological responses were detected in P. clarkii exposed to these two pollutants. This finding indicates that the radiotoxicity was low compared to the chemotoxicity under our exposure conditions. Finally, genes expression levels were more sensitive markers of U toxicity than enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology (LRE), Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Bd 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Kaddissi
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frelon
authors.forename: Antonia-Concetta
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legeay
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coppin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orjollet
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beaugelin-Seiller
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilbin
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000201:enzymology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014501:Uranium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014501:Uranium