title: A randomized controlled trial of effects of Wellness Recovery Action Planning on depression, anxiety, and recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP) self-management intervention in reducing depression and anxiety and in increasing self-perceived recovery among individuals with a serious mental illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited from outpatient community mental health settings in six Ohio communities: Canton, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Lorain, and Toledo. With a single-blind, randomized controlled trial design, 519 individuals were assigned to WRAP or to services as usual and assessed at baseline and at two- and eight-month follow-ups. The intervention consisted of eight weekly 2.5-hour sessions delivered by peers in recovery from serious mental illness who were certified WRAP educators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of WRAP sessions attended was five, and fidelity ranged from 90% to 92%. Analysis using mixed-effects random regression revealed interactions of study condition by time in each outcome area. Compared with the control group, intervention participants reported significantly greater reduction over time in Brief Symptom Inventory depression and anxiety subscales and significantly greater improvement in total Recovery Assessment Scale scores as well as the subscales measuring personal confidence and goal orientation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training in mental illness self-management reduced depression and anxiety and improved participants' self-perceived recovery over time. Results confirmed the importance of WRAP as part of a group of evidence-based, recovery-oriented interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor St., M/C 912, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. cook@ripco.com
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Carol Bailey
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jonikas
authors.forename: Marie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Razzano
authors.forename: Tina M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Walter B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Dennis D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000379:methods; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio; D010045:Outpatients; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010379:Peer Group; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome