title: Estimation and modeling of direct rapid sand filtration for total fecal coliform removal from secondary clarifier effluents.
abstract: The filtration of fecal coliform from a secondary clarifier effluent was investigated using direct rapid sand filters as tertiary wastewater treatment on a pilot scale. The effect of the flocculation dose, flow loading rate, and grain size on fecal coliform removal was determined. Direct rapid sand filters can remove 0.6-1.5 log-units of fecal coliform, depending on the loading rate and grain size distribution. Meanwhile, the flocculation dose has little effect on coliform removal, and increasing the loading rate and/or grain size decreases the bacteria removal efficiency. A model was then developed for the removal process. Bacteria elimination and inactivation both in the water phase and the sand bed can be described by first-order kinetics. Removal was successfully simulated at different loading rates and grain size distributions and compared with the data obtained using pilot-scale filters.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, China. envly@hhu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide