title: Enhanced pressurized liquid extraction technique capable of analyzing polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans, and polychlorobiphenyls in fish tissue.
abstract: A high-throughput enhanced pressurized liquid extraction technique was developed by incorporating pressurized liquid extraction and multiple cleanup techniques. USEPA methods of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) analysis in fish tissue include independent silica gel, florisil, alumina, and carbopack/celite column cleanup techniques following extraction. Under the improved method, fish composites (~10 g) were extracted and cleaned simultaneously using alumina (~10 g), florisil (~10 g), silica gel (~5 g), celite (~5 g), and carbopack (~0.5 g). Clean extracts were concentrated and then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry. Carbopack/celite within the extraction cell provided the analytical separation of dl-PCBs from PCDD/Fs, reducing potential molecular interferences. The average recoveries (n=3) of dl-PCBs in dichloromethane:hexane (1:1, v/v) extracts were 93±2.4% and PCDD/Fs in toluene extracts were 85±3.0%. The developed method was applied to measure the PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in catfish from San Jacinto River Waste Pits, a Superfund site in Houston, TX. The dl-PCBs were measured at 5.0-17,000 pg g(-1) ww. Sample preparation time and solvents were reduced as much as 95% and 65%, respectively, as compared to USEPA method 1613.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Bikram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Subedi
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usenko
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002397:Catfishes; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D016014:Linear Models; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D017210:Tilapia
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls