title: Occurrence and distribution study of residues from pesticides applied under controlled conditions in the field during rice processing.
abstract: The results of an experiment to study the occurrence and distribution of pesticide residues during rice cropping and processing are reported. Four herbicides, nine fungicides, and two insecticides (azoxystrobin, byspiribac-sodium, carbendazim, clomazone, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, isoprothiolane, kresoxim-methyl, propanil, quinclorac, tebuconazole, thiamethoxam, tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, λ-cyhalotrin) were applied to an isolated rice-crop plot under controlled conditions, during the 2009-2010 cropping season in Uruguay. Paddy rice was harvested and industrially processed to brown rice, white rice, and rice bran, which were analyzed for pesticide residues using the original QuEChERS methodology and its citrate variation by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. The distribution of pesticide residues was uneven among the different matrices. Ten different pesticide residues were found in paddy rice, seven in brown rice, and eight in rice bran. The highest concentrations were detected in paddy rice. These results provide information regarding the fate of pesticides in the rice food chain and its safety for consumers.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pareja
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colazzo
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Parada
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Besil
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heinzen
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Böcking
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cesio
authors.forename: Amadeo R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alba
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014583:Uruguay
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues