title: Occupational hazards facing orthopedic surgeons.
abstract: Physicians are exposed to occupational hazards of which they are often unaware. Orthopedic surgery has a particularly hazardous work environment in which surgeons are at increased risk for exposure to infection, radiation, smoke, chemicals, excessive noise, musculoskeletal injuries, as well as emotional and psychological disturbances. Understanding these risks and the precautions that can be taken to avoid them will help protect orthopedic surgeons from potential harm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013315:Stress, Psychological