title: Medial rectus muscle pulley posterior fixation sutures in accommodative and partially accommodative esotropia with convergence excess.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of medial rectus pulley posterior fixation sutures to treat esotropia with convergence excess has limited support in the literature. We describe our results using this technique to treat patients with large near-distance disparities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed records of patients with accommodative or partially accommodative esotropia and convergence excess 13(Δ) or greater treated with bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions augmented by pulley posterior fixation. Surgical doses of recessions were calculated for the mean of distance and near deviations. Primary outcome measures were ocular alignment at distance and near and near-distance disparity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 patients were identified by the record review. Mean age at surgery was 5.4 years (range, 1.8-11.0 years) and mean follow-up time 12.7 months (range, 1.0-37.6 months). Mean preoperative distance esotropia was 22.9(Δ) (range, 0(Δ)-53(Δ)), with a mean near-distance disparity of 26.4(Δ) (range, 13(Δ)-53(Δ)). At 1 to 3 months postoperatively, mean distance deviation was 0.5(Δ) exotropia (range, 18(Δ) exotropia to 12(Δ) esotropia), with a statistically significant decrease in mean near-distance disparity to 4.5(Δ) (range, 0(Δ)-26(Δ); P < 0.001). Three-quarters of patients (77%) achieved 0(Δ) to 9(Δ) esotropia at 1 to 3 months, with 4 overcorrections for distance and 2 undercorrections for distance and near. At final follow-up 2 patients had persistent exotropia less than 10(Δ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Augmentation of bilateral medial rectus recessions with pulley posterior fixation resulted in a significant decrease in near-distance disparity in this group of patients with accommodative and partially accommodative esotropia and convergence excess, with a low rate of persistent overcorrection for distance.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Motility Clinic, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. EYE3Y3@gmail.com
authors.forename: Logan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kowal
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015357:Vision Disparity; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology