title: Access to health care and control of ABCs of diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between access to health care and diabetes control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2008, we identified 1,221 U.S. adults (age 18-64 years) with self-reported diabetes. Access was measured by current health insurance coverage, number of times health care was received over the past year, and routine place to go for health care. Diabetes control measures included the proportion of people with A1C >9%, blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, and non-HDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An estimated 16.0% of known diabetic adults were uninsured. Diabetes control profiles were worse among uninsured than among insured persons (A1C >9% [34.1 vs. 16.5%, P = 0.002], blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg [31.8 vs. 22.8%, P < 0.05], and non-HDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL [67.1 vs. 65.4%, P = 0.7]). Compared with insured persons, uninsured persons were more likely to have A1C >9% (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio 2.4 [95% CI 1.2-4.7]). Compared with those who reported four or more health care visits in the past year, those who reported no health care visits were more likely to have A1C >9% (5.5 [1.2-26.3]) and blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg (1.9 [1.1-3.4]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In people with diabetes, lack of health care coverage is associated with poor glycemic control. In addition, low use of health care service is associated with poor glucose and blood pressure control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. xbz2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Xuanping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kai McKeever
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bullard
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Gloria L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Beckles
authors.forename: Desmond E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Lawrence E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imperatore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol