title: Design of lipid-based formulations for oral administration of poorly water-soluble drug fenofibrate: effects of digestion.
abstract: Lipid-based drug carriers are likely to have influence on bioavailability through enhanced solubilization of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract. The study was designed to investigate the lipid formulation digestibility in the simulated gastro intestinal media. Fenofibrate was formulated in representative Type II, IIIA, IIIB and IV self-emulsifying/microemulsifying lipid delivery systems (SEDDS and SMEDDS designed for oral administration) using various medium-chain glyceride components, non-ionic surfactants and cosolvents as excipients. Soybean oil was used only as an example of long-chain triglycerides to compare the effects of formulation with their counterparts. The formulations were subjected to in vitro digestion specifically to predict the fate of the drug in the gastro intestinal tract after exposure of the formulation to pancreatic enzymes and bile. In vitro digestion experiments were carried out using a pH-stat maintained at pH 7.5 for 30 min using intestinal fluids simulating the fed and fasted states. The digestion rate was faster and almost completed in Type II and IIIA systems. Most of the surfactants used in the studies are digestible. However, the high concentration of surfactant and/or cosolvent used in Type IIIB or IV systems lowered the rate of digestion. The digestion of medium-chain triglycerides was faster than long-chain triglycerides, but kept comparatively less drug in the post digestion products. Medium-chain mixed glycerides are good solvents for fenofibrate as rapidly digested but to improve fenofibrate concentration in post digestion products the use of long-chain mixed glycerides are suggested for further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mkazi@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Kazi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohsin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004063:Digestion; D004337:Drug Carriers; D015195:Drug Design; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007419:Intestinal Secretions / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008066:Lipolysis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005989:Glycerides; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D008049:Lipase; D011345:Fenofibrate