title: Flavonoid metabolites in the hemolymph of European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) larvae.
abstract: Flavonoids in the hemolymph of European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) larvae that were feeding on Pinus sylvestris needles were identified. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed that the main components in the hemolymph were flavonol di- and triglucosides and a catechin monoglucoside. These compounds were isolated from the larval hemolymph and their structures were established by HPLC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. The isolated flavonoids were identified as (+)-catechin 7-O-β-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3,7,4'-tri-O-β-glucoside, kaempferol 3,7,4'-tri-O-β-glucoside, and quercetin 3,7,4'-tri-O-β-glucoside. The combined concentration of these four compounds in the hemolymph was 3.7 mg/ml. None of these compounds was present in the needles of P. sylvestris. Therefore, we propose that the flavonoid glucosides were produced by the larvae from flavonoid monoglucosides and (+)-catechin obtained from the pine needles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland. maviha@utu.fi
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vihakas
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tähtinen
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ossipov
authors.forename: Juha-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Salminen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D060434:Herbivory; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D041605:Pinus sylvestris / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids