title: The increasing frequency of mania and bipolar disorder: causes and potential negative impacts.
abstract: The frequency of mania has not changed during the last century even with the development of new diagnostic criteria sets. More specifically, from the mid-1970s to 2000, the rate of mania (variably labeled major affective disorder-bipolar disorder and bipolar I disorder) was consistently identified in US and international studies as ranging from 0.4% to 1.6%. By the late 1990s to the 2000s, the prevalence reported by some researchers for bipolar disorders (I and II and others) was in the 5% to 7% and higher ranges. The purpose of this paper was to review explanations for this change and the potentially negative impacts on the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Sean H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yutzy
authors.forename: Chad R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Woofter
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Imad M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Melhem
authors.forename: Brooke S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Parish
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004345:Drug Industry; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology