title: A prospective study of overeating, binge eating, and depressive symptoms among adolescent and young adult women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and overeating and binge eating among adolescent and young adult females in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated incident overeating, binge eating, and depressive symptoms among 4,798 females in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study of adolescents and young adults throughout the United States. Participants who reported at least monthly episodes of eating a very large amount of food in a short amount of time in the past year, but not experiencing a loss of control, were classified as overeaters. Those who reported a loss of control while overeating were classified as binge eaters. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the McKnight Risk Factor Survey. Participants were followed between 1999 and 2003. Generalized estimating equations were used for lagged analysis with time-varying covariates. Analyses were adjusted for age, age at menarche, body mass index, and follow-up time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females reporting depressive symptoms at baseline were two times more likely than their peers to start overeating (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 2.5) and binge eating (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.7, 3.0) during the follow-up. Similarly, females engaging in overeating (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1, 3.4) or binge eating (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.9) at baseline were two times more likely than their peers to develop depressive symptoms during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that it is important to consider depressive symptoms in overeating and binge eating prevention and treatment initiatives targeting adolescent and young adult females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hayley H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Jess
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: S Bryn
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002032:Bulimia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult