title: An electrochemically enhanced solid-phase microextraction approach based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite coating for selective extraction of fluoroquinolones in aqueous samples.
abstract: In this study, an electrochemically enhanced solid-phase microextraction (EE-SPME) approach based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MIPPy/MWCNTs) composite coating on Pt wire was developed for selective extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in aqueous samples. During the extraction, a direct current potential was applied to the MIPPy/MWCNTs/Pt fiber as working electrode in a standard three-electrode system, FQ ions suffered electrophoretic transfer to the coating surface and then entered into the shape-complimentary cavities by hydrogen-bonding and ion-exchange interactions. After EE-SPME extraction, the fiber was desorbed with desorption solvent for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Some parameters influencing EE-SPME extraction such as applied potential, extraction time, solution pH, ionic strength, and desorption solvent were optimized. EE-SPME showed good selectivity and higher extraction efficiency to FQs compared with that of traditional solid-phase microextraction. EE-SPME coupled with HPLC to determine FQs in water samples, the limits of detection (S/N=3) for the selected FQs are 0.5-1.9 μg L(-1). The proposed method was successfully used to the analysis of FQs spiked urine and soil samples, with recoveries of 85.1-94.2% for the urine samples and 89.8-95.5% for the soil samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lianjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C067635:polypyrrole; D010984:Platinum