title: PI3K/Akt signalling is required for the attachment and spreading, and growth in vivo of metastatic scirrhous gastric carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PI3K/Akt (PKB) pathway has been shown in several cell types to be activated by ligands to cell surface integrins, leading to the metastasis of tumour cells. The signalling pathways involved in the metastatic spread of human scirrhous gastric carcinoma cells have not been defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in an extensive peritoneal-seeding cell line, OCUM-2MD3 and a parental cell line, OCUM-2M, was investigated by assessing in vitro adhesion and spreading assay, and in vivo peritoneal metastatic model. We also examined the correlation of PI3K/Akt pathway with integrin signals by immunoprecipitations, using cells by transfection with mutant p85 (Δp85).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adhesiveness and spreading of OCUM-2MD3 cells on collagen type IV was significantly decreased by PI3K inhibitors and expression of mutant p85, but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Immunoprecipitation studies indicated that the PI3K/Akt pathway was associated with integrin signalling through Src and vinculin. In an in vivo experimental metastasis model, p85 inhibition reduced peritoneal metastasis of OCUM-2MD3 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PI3K/Akt signalling may be required for integrin-dependent attachment and spreading of scirrhous gastric carcinoma cells, and would be translated into generating better strategies to optimise their use in cancer clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Services, The Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. matsuoka@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yashiro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olden
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D002293:Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002450:Cell Communication; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D016023:Integrins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt