title: Environmental and human exposure to soil chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urbanized region.
abstract: Nine chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl/BrPAHs) and five parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in urban surface soil and fly ash samples collected from Shenzhen, south China in winter 2010. The concentrations of total Cl/BrPAHs and PAHs in soil ranged from below the reporting limit to 142 ng/g and from 4.34 to 158 µg/g, respectively, and in fly ash they ranged from 17.7 to 19.5 ng/g and 26.1 to 28.3 µg/g, respectively. Concentrations of Cl/BrPAHs and parent PAHs were not significantly correlated with each other in soil or in fly ash, suggesting that Cl/BrPAHs were formed mainly by mechanisms other than direct halogenation of parent PAHs. Estimated mass inventories of 2-BrFlu varied from 68.1 kg in commercial land to 669 kg in countryside land, the highest among all Cl/BrPAHs. Loss fluxes via soil erosion accounted for only small proportions of total soil mass inventories of Cl/BrPAHs. Average daily human intake via soil ingestion decreased with increasing age, with 2-BrFlu as the main contributor. Children of 0 to 8 years old were the most sensitive subgroup (13.7 pg/kg body wt/d for total Cl/BrPAHs), and females were more sensitive than males in the same age group. The mean dioxin-like toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ) concentration of total Cl/BrPAHs (0.008 ng-TEQ/g) was lower in soil than in fly ash (0.06 ng-TEQ/g). Conversely, the mean TEQ concentration of total parent PAHs (2.23 ng-TEQ/g) was higher in soil than in fly ash.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Gang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Eddy Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D054879:Halogenation; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014507:Urbanization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants