title: Association between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and gestational diabetes requiring insulin treatment at 11-14 weeks of gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requiring insulin treatment (White's classification A2) is associated with an alteration of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) serum levels at first-trimester screening between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data (2007-2010) of all women who developed GDM requiring insulin treatment and completed first-trimester combined screening program including the determination of serum PAPP-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). A total of 288 women were included in this study. Each of the 72 women who developed GDM was matched with three unaffected controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with GDM were significantly older (34.2 ± 5.9 vs. 32.3 ± 5.5 years, P = 0.007) and delivered significantly earlier (38.40 ± 2.25 vs. 39.1 ± 2.2 gestational weeks, P = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed, that PAPP-A and β-hCG were independently associated with each other (P = 0.04) but there was no association between GDM/no GDM and the first-trimester serum markers (P = 0.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that women who are developing GDM needing insulin treatment do not have altered PAPP-A levels at 11-14 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria. heinrich.husslein@lkh-klu.at
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Husslein
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lausegger
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leipold
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Worda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008403:Mass Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A