title: Prolonged in vivo circulation time by zwitterionic modification of magnetite nanoparticles for blood pool contrast agents.
abstract: Long circulation time is critical for blood pool contrast agents used in high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography. For iron oxide particle contrast agents, size and surface properties significantly influence their in vivo performance. We developed a novel long-circulating blood pool contrast agent by introducing zwitterionic structure onto the particle surface. Zwitterionic structure was fabricated by 3-(diethylamino)propylamine (DEAPA) grafted onto the surface of ployacrylic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles via EDC/NHS [N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbo-diimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide] coupling chemistry. Zwitterionic particles demonstrated five times lower macrophage cell uptake than the original particles and low cell toxicity. Magnetic resonance angiography indicated that zwitterionic nanoparticles had much longer in vivo circulation time than the original particles and were an ideal candidate for blood pool contrast agent. We suppose that zwitterionic modification by DEAPA and EDC/NHS can be used generally for coating nanoparticles with carboxyl surface and to prolong their circulating time.
authors.affiliation: Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wangchuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mingli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chunfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hongchen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003911:Dextrans; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007938:Leukemia / Q000473:pathology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D010316:Particle Size; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; C427127:superparamagnetic blood pool agent; C000499:ferric oxide; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide