title: Testing homeopathy in mouse emotional response models: pooled data analysis of two series of studies.
abstract: Two previous investigations were performed to assess the activity of Gelsemium sempervirens (Gelsemium s.) in mice, using emotional response models. These two series are pooled and analysed here. Gelsemium s. in various homeopathic centesimal dilutions/dynamizations (4C, 5C, 7C, 9C, and 30C), a placebo (solvent vehicle), and the reference drugs diazepam (1 mg/kg body weight) or buspirone (5 mg/kg body weight) were delivered intraperitoneally to groups of albino CD1 mice, and their effects on animal behaviour were assessed by the light-dark (LD) choice test and the open-field (OF) exploration test. Up to 14 separate replications were carried out in fully blind and randomised conditions. Pooled analysis demonstrated highly significant effects of Gelsemium s. 5C, 7C, and 30C on the OF parameter "time spent in central area" and of Gelsemium s. 5C, 9C, and 30C on the LD parameters "time spent in lit area" and "number of light-dark transitions," without any sedative action or adverse effects on locomotion. This pooled data analysis confirms and reinforces the evidence that Gelsemium s. regulates emotional responses and behaviour of laboratory mice in a nonlinear fashion with dilution/dynamization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bellavite
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzotto
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofoletti
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olioso
authors.forename: Maria Elisabetta
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Zanolin