title: [Prostate cancer and apoptosis].
abstract: Prostate cancer presents an androgen-dependent growth mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen pathway blockage is the standard therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer at an advanced stage. In spite of an initial sensitivity, prostate cancer usually becomes refractory to hormone treatment. This resistance can be due to the amplification of the AR gene, AR mutations and the increase in co-activator protein expression. Likewise, growth factors and cytokines can induce AR phosphorylation, independently of ligand fixation. Moreover, there are other AR-independent pathways, such as the acquisition of the neuroendocrine phenotype. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the progression of prostate cancer, as well as the ways its cells evade apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Postgrado de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayora
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arvelo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D000728:Androgens; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011944:Receptors, Androgen