title: Identification and expression profiles of nine glutathione S-transferase genes from the important rice phloem sap-sucker and virus vector Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have received considerable attention in insects for their roles in insecticide resistance. Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) is a serious rice pest. L. striatellus outbreaks occur frequently throughout eastern Asia. A key problem in controlling this pest is its rapid adaptation to numerous insecticides. In this research, nine cDNAs encoding GSTs in L. striatellus were cloned and characterised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cloned GSTs of L. striatellus belonged to six cytosolic classes and a microsomal subgroup. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of each of the six insecticides, DDT, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta-cypermethrin, quickly induced (6 h) up-expression of LsGSTe1. The expression of LsGSTs2 was increased by chlorpyrifos, fipronil and beta-cypermethrin. Furthermore, exposure of L. striatellus to fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta-cypermethrin increased the expression of the LsGSTm gene after 24 or 48 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work is the first identification of GST genes from different GST groups in Auchenorrhyncha species and their induction characteristics with insecticide types and time. The elevated expression of GST genes induced by insecticides might be related to the enhanced tolerance of this insect to insecticides and xenobiotics.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Wu
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xi-Wang
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yin-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Jiaan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chuan-Xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gurr
authors.forename: Zeng-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000821:virology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology; D052585:Phloem / Q000469:parasitology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D005982:Glutathione Transferase