title: Polysaccharides from extracts of Antrodia camphorata mycelia and fruiting bodies modulate inflammatory mediator expression in mice with polymicrobial sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a traditional Chinese medicine, and the polysaccharides contained within AC (AC-PSs) are reported to possess various biological functions. This study extracted AC-PSs from mycelia and fruiting bodies and evaluated their influences on inflammatory mediator expressions in septic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were one normal control (NC) and three experimental groups. The normal control group underwent a sham operation, whereas the experimental groups underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. Mice in the experimental groups were further divided into saline, mycelia, and fruiting body treatment groups. Saline or AC-PSs were injected intraperitoneally twice at 0.5 and 1 h after CLP and the mice were sacrificed at 6 or 16 h after sepsis for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the normal control group, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in plasma and/or peritoneal lavage fluid in the septic mice dramatically increased after CLP. The increased levels of these inflammatory mediators in the two AC-PS-treated groups had decreased by 16 h after CLP. Messenger RNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the splenocytes were lower in the 2 AC-PS-treated groups than in the saline group. Consistent with the results, lung nuclear factor-κB expressions decreased and less severe interstitial inflammation was observed in the histologic finding after CLP in mice that had received AC-PSs. The fruiting body group had higher white blood cell counts and lower IL-6 levels in the peritoneal lavage fluid 6 h after CLP, whereas the interferon-γ level was higher 16 h after CLP than in the saline group. These alterations were not found in mice injected with the mycelia extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of AC-PSs from mycelia or fruiting bodies decreased the inflammatory mediator expressions at the location of injury and in the circulation, especially in the late stage of sepsis. AC-PSs from fruiting bodies seemed to be more effective in decreasing the inflammatory response than those from mycelia. These findings suggest that AC-PSs from mycelia and fruiting bodies have potential protective effects against polymicrobial sepsis.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ling-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Man-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Jun-Jen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sung-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D056229:Fungal Structures / Q000737:chemistry*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008026:Ligation; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014951:Wounds, Stab
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger