title: A summary statistic representation in peripheral vision explains visual search.
abstract: Vision is an active process: We repeatedly move our eyes to seek out objects of interest and explore our environment. Visual search experiments capture aspects of this process, by having subjects look for a target within a background of distractors. Search speed often correlates with target-distractor discriminability; search is faster when the target and distractors look quite different. However, there are notable exceptions. A given discriminability can yield efficient searches (where the target seems to "pop-out") as well as inefficient ones (where additional distractors make search significantly slower and more difficult). Search is often more difficult when finding the target requires distinguishing a particular configuration or conjunction of features. Search asymmetries abound. These puzzling results have fueled three decades of theoretical and experimental studies. We argue that the key issue in search is the processing of image patches in the periphery, where visual representation is characterized by summary statistics computed over a sizable pooling region. By quantifying these statistics, we predict a set of classic search results, as well as peripheral discriminability of crowded patches such as those found in search displays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. rruth@mit.edu
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenholtz
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Balas
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ilie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003441:Crowding; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult