title: Heterologous prime-boost regimen adenovector 35-circumsporozoite protein vaccine/recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin expressing the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite induces enhanced long-term memory immunity in BALB/c mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sustained antibody levels are a hallmark of immunity against many pathogens, and induction of long-term durable antibody titers is an essential feature of effective vaccines. Heterologous prime-boost approaches with vectors are optimal strategies to improve a broad and prolonged immunogenicity of malaria vaccines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we demonstrate that the heterologous prime-boost regimen Ad35-CS/BCG-CS induces stronger immune responses by enhancing type 1 cellular producing-cells with high levels of CSp-specific IFN-γ and cytophilic IgG2a antibodies as compared to a homologous BCG-CS and a heterologous BCG-CS/CSp prime-boost regimen. Moreover, the heterologous prime-boost regimen elicits the highest level of LLPC-mediated immune responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased IFN-γ-producing cell responses induced by the combination of Ad35-CS/BCG-CS and sustained type 1 antibody profile together with high levels of LLPCs may be essential for the development of long-term protective immunity against liver-stage parasites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University, Sweden. charama@icermali.org
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arama
authors.forename: Yohannes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Assefaw-Redda
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Giampietro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corradin
authors.forename: Stefan H E
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Troye-Blomberg
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; C041595:circumsporozoite protein, Protozoan; D007371:Interferon-gamma