title: Production of ethoxylated fatty acids derived from Jatropha non-edible oil as a nonionic fat-liquoring agent.
abstract: Natural fatty derivatives (oleochemicals) have been used as intermediate materials in several industries replacing the harmful and expensive petrochemicals. Fatty ethoxylates are one of these natural fatty derivatives. In the present work Jatropha fatty acids were derived from the non edible Jatropha oil and used as the fat source precursor. The ethoxylation process was carried out on the derived fatty acids using a conventional cheap catalyst (K₂CO₃) in order to obtain economically and naturally valuable non-ionic surfactants. Ethoxylation reaction was proceeded using ethylene oxide gas in the presence of 1 or 2% K₂CO₃ catalyst at 120 and 145°C for 5, 8 and 12 hours. The prepared products were evaluated for their chemical and physical properties as well as its application as non- ionic fat-liquoring agents in leather industry. The obtained results showed that the number of ethylene oxide groups introduced in the fatty acids as well as their EO% increased as the temperature and time of the reaction increased. The highest ethoxylation number was obtained at 145°C for 8 hr. Also, the prepared ethoxylated products were found to be effective fat-liquors with high HLB values giving stable oil in water emulsions. The fat-liquored leather led to an improvement in its mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break. In addition, a significant enhancement in the texture of the treated leather by the prepared fat-liquors as indicated from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images was observed.
authors.affiliation: Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. yshattory@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: El-Shattory
authors.forename: Ghada A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Abo-Elwafa
authors.forename: Saadia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: El-Shahat H A
authors.initials: el-SH
authors.lastname: Nashy
mesh_terms: D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011188:Potassium / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C037593:potassium carbonate; D011188:Potassium