title: Inflammatory pseudotumour secondary to spilled intra-abdominal gallstones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spillage of calculi in the abdomen is frequent during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC). Though uncommon, these stones may lead to early or late complications. We describe a rare case of spilled gallstone presenting four years after the index procedure, with a mass in the parietal wall mimicking a neoplastic lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50 year old male presented with a mass in the right upper quadrant for the past 2 years. His past surgical history included a LC done four years ago. Intraoperative procedural details of the surgery were not available. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed an extrahepatic mass in the subdiaphragmatic space extending onto the soft tissues of the parietal wall. He underwent laparoscopic piecemeal excision of this organized mass. His post operative period was uneventful and he was pain-free on follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gallbladder perforation can occur due to excessive traction during retraction or during dissection from the liver bed. It can also occur during extraction from the abdomen. Infected bile, pigment gallstones, male gender, advanced age, perihepatic location of spilled gallstones, more than 15 gallstones and an average size greater than 1.5cm have been identified as risk factors for complications. Definitive treatment is surgery with excision of the organized inflammatory mass and extraction of gallstones to avoid future recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spilled gallstones can be a diagnostic challenge and can cause significant morbidity to the patient. Clear documentation of spillage and explanation to the patient is of utmost importance, as this will enable prompt recognition and treatment of any complications. Prevention of spillage is the best policy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology & Liver Transplantation, Centre for GI Bleed, Division of HPB Diseases, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Old Jail Road, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rammohan
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeswanth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravichandran