title: Bacterial and inflammatory behavior of implants in the early healing phase of chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the pattern of early bacterial colonization at implants and teeth in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis compared with a group of healthy subjects. Furthermore, the presence of host-derived markers at teeth and implants in the two subject groups was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgingival and submucosal plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 37 nonsubmerged healing dental implants and the deepest tooth sites per quadrant were analyzed 2 to 5 months after implant insertion. The presence of periodontal pathogens was assessed by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1Β, IL-8, and IL-10; secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor; and the neutrophil elastase activity were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients with chronic periodontitis and 13 subjects without periodontitis were recruited for this study. Bacterial species associated with periodontitis were detectable at both the teeth and implants. The presence was always higher in the chronic periodontitis group; the difference was significant for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at both the implants and teeth. The levels of IL-1Β were higher at teeth than at implants; in contrast, more IL-10 was measured at the implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that (1) dental implants inserted in periodontally compromised patients are colonized with periodontal pathogens within the first weeks of healing; (2) inflammatory markers (IL-1Β) are present in higher levels at teeth as compared with implants, whereas at implants, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) might play the important role; and (3) the importance of periodontal treatment prior to implant insertion to reduce bacterial load and inflammation should be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. raluca.cosgarea@umfcluj.ro
authors.forename: Raluca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cosgarea
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dannewitz
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sculean
authors.forename: Simion
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bran
authors.forename: Horatiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rotaru
authors.forename: Grigore
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baciut
authors.forename: Sigrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000254:growth & development; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000254:growth & development; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000254:growth & development; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000254:growth & development; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor / Q000032:analysis; D014070:Tooth / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015921:Dental Implants; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; C506814:SLPI protein, human; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase