title: Effects of a caloric restriction weight loss diet and exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: Obese and sedentary persons have increased risk for cancer; inflammation is a hypothesized mechanism. We examined the effects of a caloric restriction weight loss diet and exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in 439 women. Overweight and obese postmenopausal women were randomized to 1-year: caloric restriction diet (goal of 10% weight loss, N = 118), aerobic exercise (225 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous activity, N = 117), combined diet + exercise (N = 117), or control (N = 87). Baseline and 1-year high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukocyte, and neutrophil levels were measured by investigators blind to group. Inflammatory biomarker changes were compared using generalized estimating equations. Models were adjusted for baseline body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and age. Four hundred and thirty-eight (N = 1 in diet + exercise group was excluded) were analyzed. Relative to controls, hs-CRP decreased by geometric mean (95% confidence interval, P value): 0.92 mg/L (0.53-1.31, P < 0.001) in the diet and 0.87 mg/L (0.51-1.23, P < 0.0001) in the diet + exercise groups. IL-6 decreased by 0.34 pg/mL (0.13-0.55, P = 0.001) in the diet and 0.32 pg/mL (0.15-0.49, P < 0.001) in the diet + exercise groups. Neutrophil counts decreased by 0.31 × 10(9)/L (0.09-0.54, P = 0.006) in the diet and 0.30 × 10(9)/L (0.09-0.50, P = 0.005) in the diet + exercise groups. Diet and diet + exercise participants with 5% or more weight loss reduced inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, SAA, and IL-6) compared with controls. The diet and diet + exercise groups reduced hs-CRP in all subgroups of baseline BMI, waist circumference, CRP level, and fasting glucose. Our findings indicate that a caloric restriction weight loss diet with or without exercise reduces biomarkers of inflammation in postmenopausal women, with potential clinical significance for cancer risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imayama
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alfano
authors.forename: Chiachi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wener
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Foster-Schubert
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Caitlin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Ching-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: Carolyn E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McTiernan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein