title: The cranial dura mater: a review of its history, embryology, and anatomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dura mater is important to the clinician as a barrier to the internal environment of the brain, and surgically, its anatomy should be well known to the neurosurgeon and clinician who interpret imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical literature was reviewed in regard to the morphology and embryology of specifically, the intracranial dura mater. A historic review of this meningeal layer is also provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the cranial dura mater has a rich history. The embryology is complex, and the surgical anatomy of this layer and its specializations are important to the neurosurgeon.
authors.forename: Nimer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adeeb
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: Aaron A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cohen-Gadol
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*