title: Selective inhibitors of protozoan protein N-myristoyltransferases as starting points for tropical disease medicinal chemistry programs.
abstract: Inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase has been validated pre-clinically as a target for the treatment of fungal and trypanosome infections, using species-specific inhibitors. In order to identify inhibitors of protozoan NMTs, we chose to screen a diverse subset of the Pfizer corporate collection against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani NMTs. Primary screening hits against either enzyme were tested for selectivity over both human NMT isoforms (Hs1 and Hs2) and for broad-spectrum anti-protozoan activity against the NMT from Trypanosoma brucei. Analysis of the screening results has shown that structure-activity relationships (SAR) for Leishmania NMT are divergent from all other NMTs tested, a finding not predicted by sequence similarity calculations, resulting in the identification of four novel series of Leishmania-selective NMT inhibitors. We found a strong overlap between the SARs for Plasmodium NMT and both human NMTs, suggesting that achieving an appropriate selectivity profile will be more challenging. However, we did discover two novel series with selectivity for Plasmodium NMT over the other NMT orthologues in this study, and an additional two structurally distinct series with selectivity over Leishmania NMT. We believe that release of results from this study into the public domain will accelerate the discovery of NMT inhibitors to treat malaria and leishmaniasis. Our screening initiative is another example of how a tripartite partnership involving pharmaceutical industries, academic institutions and governmental/non-governmental organisations such as Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust can stimulate research for neglected diseases.
authors.affiliation: Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Kent, UK. a.bell11@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Gareth P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brannigan
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leatherbarrow
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: Deborah F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D000217:Acyltransferases; C050480:glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase