title: [Hypoglycemia - frequency, causes, induced costs].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoglycemic episodes are negative sequelae of inadequate treatment of diabetes. Many of them lead to hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 8/2003 und 9/2007 110 consecutive patients who had been admitted because of hypoglycemia to a tertiary hospital were analyzed. The underlying causes of hypoglycemia and associated individual psychosocial factors were assessed. Hypoglycemia was diagnosed when glucose at admittance was < 2.8 mmol/l (50 mg/dl) with or < 2.2 mmol/l (40 mg/dl) without symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  76 patients were women and 99 patients suffered from type 2 diabetes. The mean age was 77.8 ± 9.4 years. The HbA1c of the patients with type 2 diabetes at admission was 6.5 ± 1.5 %. The greatest number of hypoglycemia episodes were associated with sulfonylurea and analoga (25), insulin (67), and the combination insulin and sulfonylurea (17). The applied sulfonylureas were in 38 % glibenclamide, in 55 % glimepiride and in 7 % repaglinide. The mean in-hospital stay was 10.4 days after admittance for hypoglycemia, the mean stay was 8.4 days for patients without hypoglycemia. Concerning creatinine there was a normal kidney function in 37.6 % of the patients, the calculated creatinine clearance was normal in only about 15 % of the patients. In 13 patients (12 %) any antidiabetic medication was stopped at time of discharge. 20 patients, chosen randomly, were analyzed concerning the costs associated with the hospital admittance. The mean age of these patients was 76.8 years and their mean stay in hospital was 10.2 day. The costs covered 3,158 €. The mean costs for the other internal patients was 2,716 €.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient adapted treatment of diabetes is of importance for prevention of hypoglycemia especially in the elderly. The costs resulting from hospitalization and the complications linked to hypoglycemia can be largely prevented.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Sulzbach/Saar. h.breuer@kksulzbach.de
authors.forename: H-W M
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ptak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds