title: Innate immunity's path to the Nobel Prize 2011 and beyond.
abstract: The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine to Ralph Steinmann, Jules Hoffmann, and Bruce Beutler recognized a paradigm shift in our understanding of innate immunity, and its impact on adaptive immunity. The Prize highlighted the initial discoveries of Toll's role in immunity in flies, Toll-like receptors in mammals, and the establishment of dendritic cells as the initiators of adaptive immunity. This historical Commentary focuses on the developments in our understanding of innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, München, Germany. hermann.wagner@mikrobio.med.tum.de
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000266:history*; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009613:Nobel Prize; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000266:history* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors