title: Direct measurement of energetic electrons coupling to an imploding low-adiabat inertial confinement fusion capsule.
abstract: We have imaged hard x-ray (>100 keV) bremsstrahlung emission from energetic electrons slowing in a plastic ablator shell during indirectly driven implosions at the National Ignition Facility. We measure 570 J in electrons with E>100 keV impinging on the fusion capsule under ignition drive conditions. This translates into an acceptable increase in the adiabat α, defined as the ratio of total deuterium-tritium fuel pressure to Fermi pressure, of 3.5%. The hard x-ray observables are consistent with detailed radiative-hydrodynamics simulations, including the sourcing and transport of these high energy electrons.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Döppner
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authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thomas
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authors.lastname: Divol
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authors.lastname: Dewald
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authors.lastname: Celliers
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authors.lastname: Bradley
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authors.lastname: Glenn
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authors.lastname: Haan
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authors.lastname: Izumi
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authors.lastname: LaCaille
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authors.lastname: Kruer
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authors.lastname: MacKinnon
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authors.lastname: McNaney
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authors.lastname: Meezan
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authors.lastname: Robey
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authors.lastname: Salmonson
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authors.lastname: Suter
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authors.lastname: Zimmerman
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authors.lastname: Edwards
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authors.lastname: MacGowan
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authors.lastname: Kilkenny
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authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lindl
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Van Wonterghem
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Atherton
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Glenzer
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Landen