title: Urethral distension as a novel method to simulate sphincter insufficiency in the porcine animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a novel animal model of intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on 10 female pigs. Injury to the urethral sphincter was induced by distension of the urethra. This was obtained by using the balloon of an 18-F Dufour catheter for 5 min followed by its retraction through the urethra without draining the balloon. The urethral pressure profile was evaluated before injury, immediately postinjury and at day 28 postinjury in the experimental group (n = 5), and on day 1 and day 28 in the control uninjured group (n = 5). The maximal urethral closure pressure, the functional urethral length and the area under curve of the urethral pressure profile were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximal urethral closure pressure at the beginning of the experiment was 32 cmH(2) O, and the mean functional urethral length was 4.88 cm. The assessment at day 28 showed a reduction of the maximal urethral closure pressure (50% of the control, P > 0.05), the functional urethral length (52.5% of the control, P < 0.05) and the area under curve (52% of the control, P < 0.05) in injured pigs. Histologically, a fibrosis of the sphincter was detected without rupture of the muscle layer in all the samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed porcine model can be used to obtain intrinsic sphincter deficiency-like urodynamic findings without rupturing the sphincter. This methodology can be applied to investigate therapies for intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Transplantation Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burdzińska
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crayton
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dybowski
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Koperski
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idziak
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabisiak
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pączek
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radziszewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001835:Body Weight; D002404:Catheterization; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D011312:Pressure; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics