title: Human bocavirus amongst an all-ages population hospitalised with acute lower respiratory infections in Cambodia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus that is associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal tract disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBoV amongst hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Cambodia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were collected from 2773 patients of all ages hospitalised with symptoms of ALRI between 2007 and 2009. All samples were screened by multiplex RT-PCR/PCR for 18 respiratory viruses. All samples positive for HBoV were sequenced and included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the samples tested, 43 (1·5%) were positive for HBoV. The incidence of HBoV did not vary between the consecutive seasons investigated, and HBoV infections were detected year-round. The incidence of HBoV infection was highest in patients aged < 2 years, with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia the most common clinical diagnosis, regardless of age. A total of 19 patients (44%) were co-infected with HBoV and an additional respiratory pathogen. All isolates were classified as HBoV type 1 (HBoV-1). High conservation between Cambodian NP1 and V1V2 gene sequences was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human bocavirus infection can result in serious illness, however is frequently detected in the context of viral co-infection. Specific studies are required to further understand the true pathogenesis of HBoV in the context of severe respiratory illness.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnott
authors.forename: Sirenda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vong
authors.forename: Sareth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rith
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naughtin
authors.forename: Sowath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guillard
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deubel
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buchy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006760:Hospitalization; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral