title: Incidence of subclinical mastitis in Dutch dairy heifers in the first 100 days in lactation and associated risk factors.
abstract: Heifer mastitis is a problem and risk factors may differ between heifers and older cows. The aim of this study was to estimate the heifer subclinical mastitis (HSCLM) incidence based on elevated somatic cell count (SCC) in the first 100 d in lactation and the associated risk factors in Dutch dairy herds. In 2008, 173 farmers filled in a questionnaire regarding housing and herd management factors potentially related to udder health. In addition, monthly milk production and SCC data from all cattle were provided by the Dutch Royal Cattle Syndicate (CRV, Arnhem, the Netherlands). Heifer subclinical mastitis incidence was calculated at the herd level as the number of heifer cases divided by the number of heifers at risk in the first 100 d in milk. Linear regression models were used for the analyses. On average, 25.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 23.9 to 27.0%] of the heifers had subclinical mastitis. Heifers with a high SCC (>150,000 cells/mL) on the first test day after calving that returned to SCC levels below the cut-off continued to have a higher SCC throughout the study period compared with heifers with a low SCC (≤150,000 cells/mL) at the first test day after calving. Housing heifers together with lactating cows close to calving was protective from HSCLM incidence compared with separate housing (-4.5%; 95% CI: -8.7 to -0.2%). In addition, herds in which the farmer removed supernumerary teats of calves had a 7.0% (95% CI: 2.8 to 11.3%) lower HSCLM incidence and day and night grazing was also protective (-5.9%; 95% CI: -10.6 to -1.3%). Herds that were milked with an automatic milking system had, on average, a 6.9% (95% CI: 2.2 to 11.5%) higher HSCLM incidence and submitting milk samples for bacteriological culturing in the previous year was also associated with a higher HSCLM incidence (4.1%; 95% CI: 1.1 to 7.1%). Heifer subclinical mastitis is prevalent in all dairy herds, with a large variation in incidence. A high SCC in heifers at the first test day after calving appears to indicate a prolonged effect on udder health. Several management factors were found to be associated with HSCLM incidence that may help in reducing HSCLM.
authors.affiliation: GD Animal Health Service, Deventer, the Netherlands. i.berends@gddeventer.com
authors.forename: I M G A
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Santman-Berends
authors.forename: R G M
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Olde Riekerink
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Sampimon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Schaik
authors.forename: T J G M
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002452:Cell Count; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D007774:Lactation; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008892:Milk / Q000166:cytology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires