title: Mental health among adults with asthma and chronic bronchitis. A population-based study in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the conditions of psychological dysfunction and positive mental health in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis (CB), as compared to healthy individuals, and to identify the factors associated with these mental health indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study based on data obtained from the European Health Interview Survey for Spain (EHISS, 2009). We identified individuals with asthma and CB using a specific questionnaire. In order to assess mental health, two indicators extracted from questionnaire SF-36 were used: psychological dysfunction and positive mental health status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 19,598 subjects included in the study, 8.3% were classified as asthmatic and 7.4% as CB. Healthy individuals had significantly higher psychological dysfunction scores than those with asthma and CB. The same occurred with positive mental health. The variables independently associated with lower scores out of these variables were gender female, a greater number of chronic diseases and obesity. On the contrary, alcohol consumption and physical exercise were associated with a higher score in the aforementioned variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy individuals have significantly higher scores in psychological dysfunction and positive mental health than patients with asthma and CB. This suggests that their mental health is much better. The variables related with lower scores out of these variables, and therefore with worse mental health, are: being female, having a greater number of chronic diseases and obesity. On the contrary, alcohol consumption and the practicing of physical exercise are associated with a higher score in the aforementioned variables, thus indicating a greater degree of mental health.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Calle Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain. jmiguel.hgugm@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Miguel Diez
authors.forename: Rodrigo Jimenez
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hernandez Barrera
authors.forename: Paula Rodríguez
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Luis Puente
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Maestu
authors.forename: Pilar Carrasco
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Garrido
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D029481:Bronchitis, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult