title: Cost-utility analysis of biologic treatments for moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cost versus utility of four guideline-recommended biologic treatments-infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and natalizumab-for the treatment of Crohn's disease from a United States payer perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-utility decision analytic model using a Monte Carlo simulation of 10,000 cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published primary and tertiary literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease, as categorized by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index, that failed to respond to standard therapy and who were treatment naive to biologics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decision analytic model base case was a 35-year-old patient weighing 70 kg with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. Therapeutic efficacy data were obtained from published clinical trials. Online prescription drug, hospitalization data, and Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to estimate cost. Utility measures were estimated using published data obtained from patients with Crohn's disease. The time end point used for the model was 54 weeks. The analysis demonstrated considerable overlap in quality-adjusted life years gained with the four agents (i.e., mean values across four treatments 0.79-0.80). Although infliximab had the lowest median cost, there was overlap in the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared with the other three biologic products: mean (95% CI) cost for infliximab $22,663 ($19,105-26,433), adalimumab $27,515 ($23,796-31,584), certolizumab pegol $29,062 ($24,952-33,882), and natalizumab $31,166 ($25,915-37,195). However, the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve demonstrated that infliximab had the most scenarios (95.2%) when it was the most cost-effective biologic therapy using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/quality-adjusted life years gained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease that failed to respond to standard treatment should preferentially receive infliximab as their initial biologic treatment, since this agent had the highest probability of being the most cost-effective therapy compared with the other biologic treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Derek H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Jeannie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D016527:Drug Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha