title: Perfluorinated alginate for cellular encapsulation.
abstract: Molecules of pentadecafluorooctanoyl chloride (PFC) were grafted onto alginate (Alg) using a linear poly(ethylene glycol) linker and amide bonds. The resulting Alg-PFC material was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies. The degree of PFC functionalization significantly influenced the physical and chemical properties of Alg-PFC, particularly when the resulting polymer was ionically crosslinked into hydrogels. Alg-PFC hydrogel beads fabricated via Ba(2+) crosslinking were found to match the permeability properties of control alginate beads, except upon swelling over time in culture media. When used to encapsulate MIN6 cells, a beta cell line, Alg-PFC beads demonstrated enhanced cell proliferation over alginate control beads. These results indicate that Alg-PFC hydrogels retain some of the PFC's biological-relevant benefits, such as enhancement of mass transport and bioinertness, to enhance cellular viability within alginate three-dimensional hydrogel environments. We envision these functionalized hydrogels to be particularly useful in the encapsulation of cells with a high metabolic demand, such as pancreatic islets.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Kerim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gattás-Asfura
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fraker
authors.forename: Cherie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stabler
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion / Q000187:drug effects; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003911:Dextrans; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D010100:Oxygen