title: Use of online blood volume and blood temperature monitoring during haemodialysis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a single-centre randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the clinical impact on cardiovascular stability during intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) for acute kidney injury (AKI) of online monitoring devices that control blood volume (BV) and blood temperature in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. We compared different dialysis treatment modalities with or without these new systems among critically ill patients requiring IHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective single-centre three-arm randomized controlled trial, 600 dialysis sessions in 74 consecutive AKI critically ill patients were involved to assess intradialytic hypotension. Standard dialysis therapy with constant ultrafiltration (UF) rate, cool dialysate and high sodium conductivity (Treatment A) was compared to regimens with adjunctive interventions including BV control (Treatment B) and the combination of BV and active blood temperature control (Treatment C). Each dialysis session was randomly assigned to one of the three treatment arms and served as statistical unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and seventy-two dialysis sessions were analysed (188, 190 and 194 in Treatments A, B and C, respectively). Hypotension occurred in 16.6% treatments, with similar rates among the arms. Haemodynamic parameters and dialysis-related complications did not differ between therapies. Based on generalized estimating equation adjusted to dialysate sodium conductivity, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment the day of dialysis session, the need for vasopressors and lower systolic blood pressure at the onset of the session were identified as independent predictors of hypotensive episodes, whereas regimens containing the new online monitors were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that both actively controlled body temperature and UF profiled by online monitoring systems have no significant impact on the incidence of intradialytic hypotension in the ICU setting. Further research is needed before the use of these new sophisticated automatic methods can be applied routinely to the ICU setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Intensive Care, CHU de Caen, Caen, France. ducheyron-d@chu-caen.fr
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: du Cheyron
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Valette
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prevost
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramakers
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daubin
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charbonneau
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parienti
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009862:Online Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome