title: Imaging cells and sub-cellular structures with ultrahigh resolution full-field X-ray microscopy.
abstract: Our experimental results demonstrate that full-field hard-X-ray microscopy is finally able to investigate the internal structure of cells in tissues. This result was made possible by three main factors: the use of a coherent (synchrotron) source of X-rays, the exploitation of contrast mechanisms based on the real part of the refractive index and the magnification provided by high-resolution Fresnel zone-plate objectives. We specifically obtained high-quality microradiographs of human and mouse cells with 29 nm Rayleigh spatial resolution and verified that tomographic reconstruction could be implemented with a final resolution level suitable for subcellular features. We also demonstrated that a phase retrieval method based on a wave propagation algorithm could yield good subcellular images starting from a series of defocused microradiographs. The concluding discussion compares cellular and subcellular hard-X-ray microradiology with other techniques and evaluates its potential impact on biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hwu
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Je
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Margaritondo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D022082:Cellular Structures / Q000166:cytology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006046:Gold; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008852:Microradiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D006046:Gold