title: The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration on acute phase fracture-healing: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The analgesic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is well established, and these agents often form an integral part of posttraumatic pain management. However, potentially deleterious effects of resulting prostaglandin suppression on fracture-healing have been suggested.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature review involving searches of electronic databases and online sources was performed to identify articles exploring the influence of NSAIDs on fracture-healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A structured search approach identified 316 papers as potentially relevant to the topic, and these were manually reviewed. The majority described small-scale studies that were retrospective or observational in nature, with limited control of potentially confounding variables, or presented little key information that was not also present in other studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition suppresses early fracture-healing, in vivo studies involving human subjects have not provided convincing evidence to substantiate this concern. We found no robust evidence to attest to a significant and appreciable patient detriment resulting from the short-term use of NSAIDs following a fracture. The balance of evidence in the available literature appears to suggest that a short-duration NSAID regimen is a safe and effective supplement to other modes of post-fracture pain control, without a significantly increased risk of sequelae related to disrupted healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Road, Daw Park 5041, South Australia, Australia. Andrew.Kurmis2@health.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kurmis
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kurmis
authors.forename: Justin X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalén
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal