title: Plasma prolylcarboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C) is increased in obesity and diabetes mellitus and related to cardiovascular dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) (angiotensinase C) has 3 major targets, angiotensin II, prekallikrein, and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(1-13). The truncation of the latter leads to loss in appetite regulation and obesity in experimental animals. The objectives of this study were to purify PRCP from a native source, establish a sensitive immunoassay for PRCP, and relate plasma PRCP concentrations to signs and symptoms of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purification of PRCP from human neutrophils and establishment of a sensitive ELISA was carried out with the use of samples from study participants. Three cohorts were studied: healthy individuals (n = 40); a chest pain cohort (Fast Assessment of Thoracic Pain by Neural Networks) (n = 165); and a community-based cohort [Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS)] (n = 1004).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRCP was purified to homogeneity. Mean (SD) plasma concentrations in healthy individuals were 12.9 (3.2) μg/L and were increased in patients with chest pain and in patients with obesity and/or diabetes mellitus (P < 0.0001). In the PIVUS cohort the concentrations were related to several measures of arterial plaque formation, thickness of arterial intima media and posterior wall of the heart (P = 0.04-0.000005); the Framingham score (r = 0.14, P < 0.0001); and concentrations of C-reactive protein (r = 0.16, P < 0.0001) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (r = -0.13, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma concentrations of PRCP may be used to reflect metabolic conditions in individuals with obesity and diabetes mellitus. The associations of PRCP concentrations with signs of cardiovascular dysfunction and cardiovascular abnormalities suggest a pivotal role of the enzyme in disease.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Shengyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Linshu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000201:enzymology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002268:Carboxypeptidases; C022448:lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase