title: Endogenous protein S-Nitrosylation in E. coli: regulation by OxyR.
abstract: Endogenous S-nitrosylation of proteins, a principal mechanism of cellular signaling in eukaryotes, has not been observed in microbes. We report that protein S-nitrosylation is an obligate concomitant of anaerobic respiration on nitrate in Escherichia coli. Endogenous S-nitrosylation during anaerobic respiration is controlled by the transcription factor OxyR, previously thought to operate only under aerobic conditions. Deletion of OxyR resulted in large increases in protein S-nitrosylation, and S-nitrosylation of OxyR induced transcription from a regulon that is distinct from the regulon induced by OxyR oxidation. Furthermore, products unique to the anaerobic regulon protected against S-nitrosothiols, and anaerobic growth of E. coli lacking OxyR was impaired on nitrate. Thus, OxyR serves as a master regulator of S-nitrosylation, and alternative posttranslational modifications of OxyR control distinct transcriptional responses.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hausladen
authors.forename: Ya-Juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stamler
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D003470:Culture Media; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D018085:Regulon; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; C499299:oxyR protein, E coli; D009569:Nitric Oxide