title: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines: role in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Cytokines are small cell signaling protein molecules which encompass a large and diverse family. They consist of immunomodulating agents such as interleukins and inteferons. Virtually all nucleated cells, especially endo/epithelial cells and macrophages are potent producers of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-1 family is a group of cytokines which play a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been recognized as an immune mediated disease leading to impaired insulin signaling and selective destruction of insulin producing β-cells in which cytokines play an important role. Disturbance of anti-inflammatory response could be a critical component of the chronic inflammation resulting in T2D. IL-1 family of cytokines has important roles in endocrinology and in the regulation of responses associated with inflammatory stress. The IL-1 family consists of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α and IL-1β, and a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra or IL-1RN). This review is an insight into the different types of cytokines belonging to IL-1 family, their modes of action and association with Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India. mhglucknow@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Monisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Madhukar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D053577:Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein / Q000276:immunology; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000276:immunology; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000502:physiology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000502:physiology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C507765:IL1RAP protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053577:Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1