title: [High perinatal mortality associated with triple anthelmintic resistance in a German sheep flock].
abstract: High perinatal mortality, low milk yields and occasional ewe deaths were investigated in a Dorper sheep flock in Southern Germany. Parasitic gastroenteritis due to  Trichostrongylus  spp. associated with severe weight loss despite regular anthelmintic treatments of the flock was identified as the underlying cause. A faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test revealed zero reduction after treatment with ivermectin or albendazole, respectively, and a FECR of 57.9% following treatment with levamisole. These results indicate a lack of, or considerably reduced efficacy of substances from all three classical groups of anthelmintics and demonstrate that triple anthelmintic resistance is also present in Germany. The introduction of resistant worm populations with imported livestock, excessive use of anthelmintic drugs and under-dosing of goats have possibly led to the problem in the flock described. Veterinary advice on anthelmintic treatments and responsible parasite control programmes are therefore crucial in small ruminant flocks.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Wiederkäuer der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim. katja.voigt@lmu.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheuerle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfister
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology; D015766:Albendazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007775:Lactation Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D007978:Levamisole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000469:parasitology; D014253:Trichostrongylosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D014254:Trichostrongylus / Q000187:drug effects*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D007978:Levamisole; D007559:Ivermectin; D015766:Albendazole