title: Casualty rates among Danish soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan.
abstract: In 2002 - 2009 Danish forces suffered a mortality rate of 0.09% in Iraq and 0.38% in Afghanistan, and a morbidity rate of 0.30% in Iraq and 1.01% in Afghanistan, as a result of weapons effects. In Afghanistan the survival rate is 97.0% for Danish wounded who were alive on arrival at UK R3 Hospital. British data from Afghanistan are compared to the Danish figures and there is no significant difference. We found an increase in injuries and deaths caused by mines/IEDs from 33% in 2006 to 72.7% in 2009 of all weapon effects causes. The more offensive war fighting posture of the Danish forces in Afghanistan has resulted in greater numbers of casualties. The study also indicates that the great majority of fatalities occur almost immediately at the point of injury. Most of the wounded survive, and a large of number of them are only lightly injured with a partial incapacity level of less than five percent. Haemostatic's and active employment of tourniquets, improved first aid training and training of medics, better evacuation methods including optimised in-flight diagnostics and treatment (including blood transfusion) by Medical Emergency Response Teams, Damage Control Surgery as well as access to quicker diagnostic methods have increased survivability.
authors.affiliation: Policy, Plans and Advisory Division, Danish Armed Forces Health Services,Roskilde, Denmark. hoj@fsumil.dk
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heier-Madsen
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stokkebye
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D003718:Denmark; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011482:Protective Devices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality*