title: Cyanobacteria-blooming water samples from Lake Taihu induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver and kidney of mice.
abstract: To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was involved in apoptosis induced by cyanobacteria-blooming water, healthy male ICR mice were fed with water samples from cyanobacteria-blooming regions of Lake Taihu (China), including Meiliang Bay (M1 and M2), central lake region (H), macrophyte-dominated Xukou Bay (X), and tap water (control group) for three consecutive months. Hepatic and renal mRNA and protein expression of ER stress signaling molecules were measured with quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Compared to macrophyte-dominated and control water samples, cyanobacteria-blooming water changed hepatic ER stress signaling molecules. M1 water treatment increased the mRNA and protein levels of glucose regulation protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and decreased the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). M2 water treatment up-regulated GRP78 mRNA and protein expression, whereas H water treatment up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 and caspase-12. Cyanobacteria-blooming water exposure also changed mRNA and protein expression of ER stress signaling molecules in the kidneys. M1 water exposure up-regulated GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and CHOP mRNA expression, whereas M2 water treatment up-regulated caspase-12 and Bcl-2 mRNA expression. M1 and M2 cyanobacteria-blooming water exposure significantly increased relative liver weights, and induced hepatic cell apoptosis. However, cyanobacteria-blooming water treatment did not change kidney weights, and did not induce renal apoptosis compared to macrophyte-dominated and control water samples. Hence, cyanobacteria-blooming water induces hepatic apoptosis via ER stress, and ER stress may play an important role in the apparent anti-apoptotic effects on renal cells exposed to cyanobacteria-blooming water.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wendi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Liuyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xuxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zongyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C018551:glucose-regulated proteins; D014867:Water; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; C506440:Casp12 protein, mouse; D053454:Caspase 12