title: Hypoxia-inducible factors: crosstalk between inflammation and metabolism.
abstract: Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen-sensitive transcription factors that allow adaptation to hypoxic environments. HIFs function in the cellular response to stress: metabolic, hypoxic, or inflammatory. Metabolic changes occur during tumorigenesis that are, in part, under hypoxia and HIF regulation. Additionally, inflammatory signaling and infiltration secondary to hypoxia are clear drivers of tumor progression. HIF-1α and HIF-2α have opposing and occasionally overlapping roles in both tumor cells and inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment and crosstalk between these populations has clear effects on tumor metabolism, inflammation, and progression. It is becoming increasingly apparent that HIFs are one common link between hypoxia, chronic inflammation, metabolic adaptation, and tumor progression through its function in macrophages during cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica E S
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celeste Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human