title: Methods of voice reconstruction.
abstract: This article reviews methods of voice reconstruction. Nonsurgical methods of voice reconstruction include electrolarynx, pneumatic artificial larynx, and esophageal speech. Surgical methods of voice reconstruction include neoglottis, tracheoesophageal puncture, and prosthesis. Tracheoesophageal puncture can be performed in patients with pedicled flaps such as colon interposition, jejunum, or gastric pull-up or in free flaps such as perforator flaps, jejunum, and colon flaps. Other flaps for voice reconstruction include the ileocolon flap and jejunum. Laryngeal transplantation is also reviewed.
authors.forename: Hung-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kim Evans
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mardini