title: Plasmapheresis leading to remission of refractory nephrotic syndrome due to fibrillary glomerulonephritis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FibGN) is characterized by extracellular deposition of Congo red-negative microfibrils within the glomerular mesangium and leads to gross proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. After diagnosis of FibGN, end-stage renal disease occurs within four years in 50% of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 36-year-old Caucasian woman with proteinuria and intermittent nephrotic syndrome due to FibGN intermittently received immunosuppressive therapies, including glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab, for 10 years. However, disease remission was not achieved and progressive kidney injury developed. Ultimately, in stage IV of chronic kidney disease (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes), three cycles of plasmapheresis of five to seven sessions each were performed every three to four months, reducing steady-state proteinuria from 7 to less than 1 g/day. Here, plasmapheresis led to a remission of nephrotic syndrome associated with FibGN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasmapheresis therapy is proposed as a further option for immunosuppressant-refractory FibGN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. rainer.pliquett@medizin.uni-halle.de.
authors.forename: Rainer U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Pliquett
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Badr
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: El Din Mukhtar
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girndt
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markau