title: Membrane estrogen receptor regulation of hypothalamic function.
abstract: Over the decades, our understanding of estrogen receptor (ER) function has evolved. Today we are confronted by at least two nuclear ERs, ERα and ERβ, and a number of putative membrane ERs, including ERα, ERβ, ER-X, GPR30 and Gq-mER. These receptors all bind estrogens or at least estrogenic compounds and activate intracellular signaling pathways. In some cases, a well-defined pharmacology and physiology has been discovered. In other cases, the identity or the function remains to be elucidated. This mini-review attempts to synthesize our understanding of 17β-estradiol membrane signaling within hypothalamic circuits involved in homeostatic functions, focusing on reproduction and energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Micevych
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D004958:Estradiol