title: Plasma protein changes in horse after prolonged physical exercise: a proteomic study.
abstract: Physical exercise induces various stress responses and metabolic adaptations that have not yet been completely elucidated. Novel biomarkers are needed in sport veterinary medicine to monitor training levels and to detect subclinical conditions that can develop into exercise-related diseases. In this study, protein modifications in horse plasma induced by prolonged, aerobic physical exercise were investigated by using a proteomic approach based on 2-DE and combined mass spectrometry procedures. Thirty-eight protein spots, associated with expression products of 13 genes, showed significant quantitative changes; spots identified as membrane Cu amine oxidase, α-1 antitrypsin, α-1 antitrypsin-related protein, caeruloplasmin, α-2 macroglobulin and complement factor C4 were augmented in relative abundance after the race, while haptoglobin β chain, apolipoprotein A-I, transthyretin, retinol binding protein 4, fibrinogen γ chain, complement factor B and albumin fragments were reduced. These results indicate that prolonged physical exercise affects plasma proteins involved in pathways related to inflammation, coagulation, immune modulation, oxidant/antioxidant activity and cellular and vascular damage, with consequent effects on whole horse metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Laboratory, Sport Horse Research Centre, Department of Pathologic, Diagnostic and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scoppetta
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tartaglia
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Renzone
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Avellini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaiti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scaloni
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiaradia
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D020543:Proteome