title: Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement.
abstract: Dopamine signaling is implicated in reinforcement learning, but the neural substrates targeted by dopamine are poorly understood. We bypassed dopamine signaling itself and tested how optogenetic activation of dopamine D1 or D2 receptor–expressing striatal projection neurons influenced reinforcement learning in mice. Stimulating D1 receptor–expressing neurons induced persistent reinforcement, whereas stimulating D2 receptor–expressing neurons induced transient punishment, indicating that activation of these circuits is sufficient to modify the probability of performing future actions.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexxai V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kravitz
authors.forename: Lynne D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Tye
authors.forename: Anatol C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kreitzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
chemical_list: D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2