title: Anopheles gambiae pathogen susceptibility: the intersection of genetics, immunity and ecology.
abstract: Mosquitoes are the major arthropod vectors of human diseases such as malaria and viral encephalitis. However, each mosquito species does not transmit every pathogen, owing to reasons that include specific evolutionary histories, mosquito immune system structure, and ecology. Even a competent vector species for a pathogen displays a wide range of variation between individuals for pathogen susceptibility, and therefore efficiency of disease transmission. Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms that determine heterogeneities in transmission efficiency within a vector species could help elaborate new vector control strategies. This review discusses mechanisms of host-defense in Anopheles gambiae, and sources of genetic and ecological variation in the operation of these protective factors. Comparison is made between functional studies using Plasmodium or fungus, and we call attention to the limitations of generalizing gene phenotypes from experiments done in a single genetically simple colony.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unit of Insect Vector Genetics and Genomics, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, CNRS Unit of Hosts, Vectors and Pathogens (URA3012), 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitri
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Vernick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D052982:Beauveria / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000472:pathogenicity*