title: Botulinum neurotoxin A: a review.
abstract: Despite its ubiquity in cosmetic circles and broad general awareness, a literature search of botulinum neurotoxin in JPRAS and BJPS yielded a mere 4 articles germane to cosmesis. A pair each detailing its application in masseteric hypertrophy(1,2) and the use of cryoanalgesia.(3,4) Given that botulinum neurotoxin A is the most commonly used cosmetic treatment, with American figures being most accurate,(5) a review of the background, development and scientific evidence would be perhaps useful, if not overdue, as Plastic Surgeons increasingly incorporate non-surgical interventions into their practices as part of a comprehensive facial rejuvenation strategy.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Aesthetics, 60 Wimpole Street, London W1G 8AG, UK. mail@aestheticus.co.uk
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stanek
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000639:trends*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012060:Rejuvenation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A