title: Modified osteoplastic flap approach for frontal sinus disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We review the use and outcomes of osteoplastic flap surgery in the current era of almost entirely endoscopic management of frontal sinus disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of 312 consecutive sinus surgeries performed for frontal sinus disease at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from July 2002 to July 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen subjects (10 men and 7 women; mean age, 56 years) were identified. The indications for osteoplastic flap surgery were laterally located mucoceles in 8 patients, tumors in 7 patients, and osteomyelitis in 2 patients. Ten patients had skull base erosion, and 5 underwent cranialization for large posterior frontal bone defects. The average blood loss was 175 mL, and the average hospital stay was 3 days. There were no major intraoperative or perioperative complications. Two patients with mucoceles required revision surgery for disease recurrence. The mean follow-up was 25 months (range, 6 to 66 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteoplastic flap surgery is an uncommon procedure in the modern endoscopic era of sinus surgery. In our series it was most commonly indicated for laterally located disease. Osteoplastic flap surgery is relatively safe and effective for a wide range of recalcitrant and complicated frontal sinus disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Mohannad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Qudah
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000601:surgery*; D010016:Osteoma / Q000601:surgery*; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000601:surgery; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000601:surgery; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed