title: Risk perceptions after human papillomavirus vaccination in HIV-infected adolescents and young adult women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine risk perceptions (perceived risk of human papillomavirus [HPV], perceived risk of other sexually transmitted infections [STIs], and need for safer sexual behaviors) and to determine factors associated with these risk perceptions after HPV vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected at the baseline visit of an HPV-6, -11, -16, -18 vaccine clinical trial in 16-23-year-old HIV-infected young women (N = 99). Immediately after receiving the first vaccine dose, participants completed a confidential questionnaire that included three 5-item scales measuring perceived risk of HPV, perceived risk of other STIs, and need for safer sexual behaviors. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine associations between baseline characteristics (demographic characteristics; cluster of differentiation antigen 4 (CD4(+)) count; HIV viral load; knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccines; sexual behaviors; and STI diagnosis) and each measure of risk perceptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants perceived themselves to be at lower risk for HPV (mean scale score = 19.5/50), most perceived that they were not at lower risk for other STIs (mean = 31.2/50), and the vast majority reported that there was still a need for safer sexual behaviors after vaccination (mean = 43.1/50). Multivariate analyses indicated that knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccines was associated with perceived need for safer sexual behaviors (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.0-1.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although almost all young women in this study believed that safer sexual behaviors were still important after HPV vaccination, a subset believed they were at less risk for STIs other than HPV. Educational interventions are needed to prevent misperceptions and promote healthy behaviors after vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. jessica.kahn@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Jiahong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zimet
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonin
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dillard
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Squires
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D012306:Risk; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines