title: Evaluation of enzyme activity and fiber content of soybean cotyledon fiber and distiller's dried grains with solubles by solid state fermentation.
abstract: To increase the value of coproducts from corn ethanol fermentation and soybean aqueous processing, distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean cotyledon fiber were used as the substrates for solid state fermentation (SSF) to improve feed digestibility. Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were chosen as they produce desirable enzymes and are widely used in SSF for feed. The results showed that the cellulase and xylanase activities were significantly increased after 7 days of fermentation, and cellulose and hemicellulose degradation was also greatly increased. When soybean fiber was used as SSF substrate, the maximum activities of the cellulase and xylanase were 10.3 and 84.2 IU/g substrate (dry weight basis) after SSF treatment, respectively. However, the enzyme activities were relatively low in DDGS, and the growth of the three fungi was poor. The fungi grew better when soybean cotyledon fiber was added to DDGS, and cellulase and xylanase activity increased with the increase of soybean fiber content. Porosity was identified as an important factor for SSF because the addition of inert soybean hull alone improved the fungi growth significantly. These data suggest that the nutritional value of DDGS and soybean cotyledon fiber as monogastric animal feed could be greatly enhanced by SSF treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: JunYi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lio
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D002480:Cellulase; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases