title: ZIP8 expression in human proximal tubule cells, human urothelial cells transformed by Cd+2 and As+3 and in specimens of normal human urothelium and urothelial cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ZIP8 functions endogenously as a Zn+2/HCO3- symporter that can also bring cadmium (Cd+2) into the cell. It has also been proposed that ZIP8 participates in Cd-induced testicular necrosis and renal disease. In this study real-time PCR, western analysis, immunostaining and fluorescent localization were used to define the expression of ZIP8 in human kidney, cultured human proximal tubule (HPT) cells, normal and malignant human urothelium and Cd+2 and arsenite (As+3) transformed urothelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was shown that in the renal system both the non-glycosylated and glycosylated form of ZIP8 was expressed in the proximal tubule cells with localization of ZIP8 to the cytoplasm and cell membrane; findings in line with previous studies on ZIP8. The studies in the bladder were the first to show that ZIP8 was expressed in normal urothelium and that ZIP8 could be localized to the paranuclear region. Studies in the UROtsa cell line confirmed a paranuclear localization of ZIP8, however addition of growth medium to the cells increased the expression of the protein in the UROtsa cells. In archival human samples of the normal urothelium, the expression of ZIP8 was variable in intensity whereas in urothelial cancers ZIP8 was expressed in 13 of 14 samples, with one high grade invasive urothelial cancer showing no expression. The expression of ZIP8 was similar in the Cd+2 and As+3 transformed UROtsa cell lines and their tumor transplants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study which shows that ZIP8 is expressed in the normal urothelium and in bladder cancer. In addition the normal UROtsa cell line and its transformed counterparts show similar expression of ZIP8 compared to the normal urothelium and the urothelial cancers suggesting that the UROtsa cell line could serve as a model system to study the expression of ZIP8 in bladder disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA. seema.somji@med.und.edu.
authors.forename: Amornpan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajjimaporn
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Botsford
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sens
authors.forename: Xu Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jane R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dunlevy
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sens
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somji