title: A potential probe set of fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of lung cancer in bronchial brushing specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to find candidate probes of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection of lung cancer with bronchial brushings and to evaluate whether the accuracy of diagnosing lung cancer by cytological deviant and genetic abnormalities is greater than that of cytology alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Centromeric enumeration probes (CEPs) for chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 17 were analyzed using FISH in 74 surgical resection tissues, 32 operative margin tissues without tumor involvement of lung cancer, and 174 bronchial brushings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aneuploidy rates of the tested probes were 61.7, 89.1, 80.0, 92.7, 65.0, 70.4, 66.7, 71.8, 68.9 % in tumor tissues, and 29.3, 58.9, 33.3, 69.6, 67.0, 40.3, 38.0, 49.3, 35.1 % in bronchial brushings. The combination of cytology and FISH using the three-probe set for chromosomes 3+7+8 significantly improved the sensitivity of bronchial brushing examination for lung cancer detection (P = 0.00003), especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which increased from 78.0 to 98.2 %. The specificity of the 3+7+8 probe set was 94.6 %. Moreover, a high aneuploidy rate of the probe set in bronchial brushings was detected more often in SCCs (P = 0.029) and late-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (P = 0.044). Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients with high aneuploidy rate of CEP3 in tissue samples exhibited poorer overall survival (P = 0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FISH performed on cytology preparations is useful for confirmation of cancer diagnosis. The three-probe set, 3+7+8, has potential value for the detection of SCCs in bronchial brushings.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ya-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Liang-Xu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D002503:Centromere / Q000235:genetics; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / Q000235:genetics; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes