title: Improved compressibility, flowability, dissolution and bioavailability of pioglitazone hydrochloride by emulsion solvent diffusion with additives.
abstract: Spherical agglomerates of pioglitazone hydrochloride were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method with additives (polyethylene glycol 6000, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, beta cyclodextrin, eudragit RS100, low acyl gellan gum and xanthan gum) using methanol, chloroform and water as a good solvent, bridging liquid and poor solvent respectively. Prepared agglomerates were evaluated for compressibility, solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability, and characterized by SEM, XRPD, DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. Particle size, flowability, compactibility, packability, solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of plain agglomerates and agglomerates with additives (except with polyvinyl pyrrolidone) were advantageously improved compared with raw crystalline pioglitazone hydrochloride. These improved properties for direct compression were due to their large-spherical shape and enhanced fragmentation during compaction, together with increased tensile strength and reduced elastic recovery of the compacts. XRPD and DSC studies indicated polymorphic transition of pioglitazone hydrochloride from form II to I during recrystallization but this was not associated with any chemical transition, as indicated by FTIR spectra, well supported by stability studies. Thus spherical crystallization by the emulsion solvent diffusion method with selected additives is a satisfactory method for direct tableting of pioglitazone hydrochloride giving improved bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Patil S. V., Department of Pharmaceutics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. sachinpatil79@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sahoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002138:Calibration; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003460:Crystallization; D004058:Diffusion; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D012997:Solvents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone