title: Mandibular reconstruction with vascularized osseous free flaps: a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews a few of the commonly used types of vascularized osseous free flaps in maxillofacial reconstruction, which still represents the gold standard of restoration. We also discuss the developing concepts in maxillofacial reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the literature reconfirms the established patterns of reconstruction with the aid of vascularized osseous free flaps. This method of free-tissue transfer is also feasible in cases of osteoradionecrosis or bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. These flaps are also suitable for prosthetic restoration using osseointegrated dental implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascularized osseous free flaps still remain the standard of care. Improvements upon the free-tissue transfer method employing vascularized osseous free flaps, such as distraction osteogenesis, tissue engineering, and imaging techniques, currently require further development, but these technologies could lead to improved outcomes of maxillofacial reconstruction in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daejeon Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Somi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: In Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Hyung Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D058752:Free Tissue Flaps; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps