title: Distribution of lead in selected organs and its effect on reproduction parameters of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) after an experimental per oral administration.
abstract: Lead poisoning has been reported in almost every country on earth. In this study the effect of experimental lead pellet intake (2-6 pellets per week [groups B2, B4, B6] and ad libitum [BAD] accessibility for 10 weeks) on its distribution in liver, kidney, pectoral muscle, ovary, eggs and the effect of selected reproductive parameters (egg weight, fertilization, hatchability) was analyzed in breeding pheasants. Lead pellets were force fed to the digestive tract (struma, ingluvies) and the ingestion was controlled. Concentration of lead was detected using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analysis of the lead concentration in liver showed a significantly higher concentration in all group after the lead pellets intake. The increase of the lead concentration was dose-dependent and the concentration detected in group BAD was similar as in group B2. Very similar tendencies were detected for the lead concentration in kidney. The accumulation of lead in pectoral muscle was lower, in comparison with liver and kidney. Compared to lead concentration detected in ovary of the control group a significant increase was detected in all experimental groups, reaching the maximum in the group B6. Similar significant increase of lead concentration was detected in eggs. The average weight of eggs was 32.01 ± 2.71 g in the control group and lower in all experimental groups, but this decrease was significant only in the group B6. The fertilization rate was the highest in the control group and a dose-dependent decrease was detected with the lowest value in the group B6. For egg hatching ratio a significant decrease was detected in groups B4 and B6. Results of this study clearly describe accumulation of lead in the body and a its negative effect on the reproductive parameters. In the ad libitum experimental group the most similar results were found as in group B2, suggesting a rate of "natural" lead pellet intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science and Small Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic. jozef.gasparik@uniag.sk
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gasparik
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venglarcik
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slamecka
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kropil
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smehyl
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopecky
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D046094:Galliformes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012098:Reproduction
chemical_list: D007854:Lead