title: Prognostic significance of NANOG and KLF4 for breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell)-inducing factors have been reported to be expressed in breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the expression of iPS cell-inducing factors and the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 100 breast cancer patients, the expression of c-MYC, KLF4, NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 was determined by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with strong expression of NANOG had significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival rates than those with weak expression of NANOG (P = 0.004 and 0.033, respectively). In contrast, patients with strong expression of KLF4 had better DFS (P = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strong expression of NANOG is an indicator of a poor prognosis for breast cancer patients, whereas KLF4 is a favorable prognostic indicator. Our results suggest that NANOG stimulates the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, whereas KLF4 inhibits these processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Research Into Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, Japan, g4440143@med.u-toyama.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C489427:MYC protein, human; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors