title: The effect of β-2 adrenoreceptor agonist inhalation on lungs donated after cardiac death in a canine lung transplantation model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is a matter of great importance in a donation after cardiac death to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) related to the inevitable warm ischemic time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor dogs were rendered cardiac-dead and left at room temperature. The dogs were allocated into 2 groups: the β-2 group (n = 5) received an aerosolized β-2 adrenoreceptor agonist (procaterol, 350 μg) and ventilation with 100% oxygen for 60 minutes starting at 240 minutes after cardiac arrest, and the control group (n = 6) received an aerosolized control solvent with the ventilation. Lungs were recovered 300 minutes after cardiac arrest. Recipient dogs underwent left single-lung transplantation to evaluate the functions of the left transplanted lung for 240 minutes after the reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxygenation and dynamic compliance were significantly higher in the β-2 group than in the control group. The β-2 group revealed significantly higher levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and high-energy phosphates in the donor lung after the inhalation than before it. Histologic findings revealed that the β-2 group had less edema and fewer inflammatory cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that β-2 adrenoreceptor agonist inhalation during the pre-procurement period may ameliorate IRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Fengshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohsumi
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Date
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003643:Death; D004285:Dogs; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D017265:Procaterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D016207:Cytokines; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017265:Procaterol