title: Interaction of Lactobacillus plantarum MON03 with Tunisian montmorillonite clay and ability of the composite to immobilize Zearalenone in vitro and counteract immunotoxicity in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to determine the abilities of the living Lactobacillus plantarum MON03 (LP) cells, Tunisian montmorillonite clay and their composites to accumulate Zearalenone (ZEA) from a liquid medium and elucidate the preventive effect of their composite in ZEA-contaminated balb/c mice showing immunotoxicity disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the in vitro study, LP (2 × 10(9) CFU/mL), TM (0.5 mg) and LP+TM were incubated with 50 µg mL(-1) ZEA for 0, 12 and 24 h. For the in vivo study, the composite MT+LP was evaluated also for possible protection regarding ZEA-immunotoxicity in Balb/c mice as a sensitive model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that TM and LP+TM had a high capacity of adsorbing ZEA 87.2 ± 2.1 and 94.2 ± 2.1%, respectively. However, LP alone able to remove only 78% after 24 h of incubation. The quantity of adsorbed ZEA by LP, TM and LP+TM were 39, 43,5 and 47 µg mL(-1) of PBS, respectively. The in vivo results indicated that mice orally exposed to ZEA- (40 mg/kg bw) for 2 weeks showed severe immunotoxicity typical of fusarotoxicosis regarding thymocytes and splenocytes cell viability count, IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α production and B-cell activation. Mice treated with LP and TM alone, and LP+MT in combination with ZEA were comparable to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both LP and TM are safe by themselves and their composite succeeded to exert a potential prevention by counteracting ZEA-immunotoxicity and can be implicated in the biotechnology of ZEA removal in human food and animal feed.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerology, Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia. abb_samir@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbès
authors.forename: Jalila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ben Salah-Abbès
authors.forename: Hakimeh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sharafi
authors.forename: Kambiz Akbari
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Noghabi
authors.forename: Ridha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oueslati
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D001546:Bentonite; D015025:Zearalenone