title: Kidney transplantation after desensitization in sensitized patients: a Korean National Audit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with preformed antibodies waiting for a kidney transplant has been increasing lately. We conducted a nationwide study on the outcomes of kidney transplantation after desensitization in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six transplant centers have run desensitization programs. The patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation after desensitization from 2002 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 86 cases were enrolled. Thirty-five of these were cases of re-transplantation (40.7 %). Indications of desensitization were positive complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) cross-match responses (CDC(+), 36.0 %), positive flow-cytometric cross-match responses (FCX(+), 54.7 %), and positive donor-specific antibodies (DSA(+), 8.1 %). The desensitization protocols used pre-transplant plasmapheresis (95.3 %), intravenous immunoglobulin (62.8 %), and rituximab (67.4 %). Acute rejection occurred in 18 patients (20.9 %), graft failure occurred in 4 patients, and the 3-year graft survival rate was 93.8 %. The presence of DSA increased the acute rejection rate (P = 0.015) and decreased the 1-year post-transplant estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.006). Although rejection-free survival rates did not differ significantly between the CDC(+) and FCX(+) groups, the 1-year estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower in the CDC(+) group (P = 0.010). Infectious and significant bleeding complications occurred in 15.5 % and 4.7 % of cases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney transplantation after desensitization had good graft outcomes and tolerable complications in Korea, and therefore, this therapy can be recommended for sensitized ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Beom Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaeseok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jeongmyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Myung-Gyu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Berm
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Ha
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Joong Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006648:Histocompatibility; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab