title: Exposure estimates for workers in a facility expanding Libby vermiculite: updated values and comparison with original 1980 values.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low cumulative fiber exposure (CFE) has been associated with health effects in a cohort exposed to Libby vermiculite. This study refines the original 1980 exposure estimates and compares the CFE results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumulative fiber exposure estimates were developed using three times more industrial hygiene measurements and long-term workers' input. New adjustments included vermiculite ore source, seasonal overtime hours, time spent in various tasks, and recollection of historical dustiness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mean (95% confidence interval) CFE (n = 513) in 1980 (0.80 [0.69 to 0.93]) was statistically similar to the overall mean (95% confidence interval) CFE in 2010 (0.74 [0.61 to 0.90]). The mean CFE in the lowest exposure category (<2 fiber-years/cm) decreased from 0.36 to 0.22 fiber-years/cm (P < 0.05). The 2010 CFE estimate extended the upper bound of the range of previous estimates from 28.10 to 106.31 fiber-years/cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The range of CFE values was expanded. These estimates may impact the understanding of Libby vermiculite health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
authors.forename: Eric K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Borton
authors.forename: Grace K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lemasters
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lockey
authors.forename: Kari K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Dunning
authors.forename: Carol H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004391:Dust; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D004391:Dust; C003760:vermiculite