title: Unexpected extra-renal effects of loop diuretics in the preterm neonate.
abstract: The loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide are commonly used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Furosemide, because of its actions on the ubiquitous Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-)  isoform cotransporter and its promotion of prostanoid production and release, also has non-diuretic effects on vascular smooth muscle, airways, the ductus arteriosus and theoretically the gastrointestinal tract. Loop diuretics also affect the central nervous system through modulation of the GABA-A chloride channel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The loop diuretics have a variety of biological effects that are potentially harmful as well as beneficial. Care should be taken with the use of these agents because the range of their effects may be broader than the single action sought by the prescribing physician.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. robert.cotton@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reese
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004373:Ductus Arteriosus / Q000187:drug effects; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006819:Hyaline Membrane Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004232:Diuretics; D002034:Bumetanide; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D005665:Furosemide