title: Risk factors for infantile atopic dermatitis and recurrent wheezing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis (AD) and recurrent wheezing (RW) during infancy are not fully understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated immunological markers associated with AD and RW during infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed a cohort (n = 314) from birth to 14 months of age. Some of the participants underwent a physical examination and blood test at 6 and 14 months of age. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to find which immunological markers could be risk factors for AD and RW.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 16 immunological markers found in cord blood, only immunoglobulin (Ig) E was associated with AD at 6 months of age (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.607). None of the markers was associated with AD or RW at 14 months of age. Of 23 immunological markers at 6 months of age, total IgE (aOR, 1.018) and sensitization to egg white (aOR, 23.246) were associated with AD at 14 months of age. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced production of interleukin (IL) 4 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (aOR, 1.043) was associated with RW at 14 months of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cord blood IgE was a risk factor for AD at 6 months of age. Total IgE and sensitization to egg white at 6 months of age were risk factors for AD at 14 months of age. PHA-induced IL-4 production in PBMCs at 6 months of age was a risk factor for RW at 14 months of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. noriok-gif@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omoya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsukuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seishima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D004529:Egg White; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E