title: Antibiotic resistance pattern of community acquired uropathogens at a tertiary care hospital in jaipur, rajasthan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common infections described in outpatients setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A study was conducted to evaluate the uropathogenic bacterial flora and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile among patients presenting to the out-patient clinics of a tertiary care hospital at Jaipur, Rajasthan.
  
  
  METHODS
  2012 consecutive urine specimens from symptomatic UTI cases attending to the outpatient clinics were processed in the Microbiology lab. Bacterial isolates obtained were identified using biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production was determined by the double disk approximation test and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly NCCLS) confirmatory method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathogens were isolated from 346 (17.16%) of the 2012 patients who submitted a urine sample. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated community acquired uropathogen accounting for 61.84% of the total isolates. ESBL production was observed in 23.83% of E. coli strains and 8.69% of Klebsiella strains. With the exception of Nitrofurantoin, resistance to agents commonly used as empiric oral treatments for UTI was quite high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed E. coli as the predominant bacterial pathogen for the community acquired UTIs in Jaipur, Rajasthan. An increasing trend in the production ESBLs among UTI pathogens in the community was noted. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for primary, uncomplicated UTIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine (Super Religare Laboratories Ltd.), Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta