title: Imaging and clinical measurements.
abstract: A variety of clinical and imaging parameters have been well validated and standardized for assessment in patients with spondyloarthritis during longitudinal follow-up in clinical practice and research. Outstanding questions were identified by the working group and include further assessment of the most appropriate method for assessment of disease activity and what cutoff is appropriate before access to advanced and costly biologic agents. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score instrument may have advantages over the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, but this requires further study. A Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index cutoff of 4 has never been validated and also requires further evaluation. It is unclear what constitutes expert opinion for the purposes of defining disease activity. In particular, the role of magnetic resonance imaging requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.forename: Walter P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Maksymowych
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein