title: Toxins in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning episodes in China.
abstract: More than 200 people in China suffered illness with symptoms of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) following consumption of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The event occurred in the cities of Ningbo and Ningde near the East China Sea in May, 2011. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that high concentrations of okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, and their acyl esters were responsible for the incidents. The total concentration was more than 40 times the EU regulatory limit of 160 μg OA eq./kg. Pectentoxin-2 and its seco-acids were also present in the mussels. Additionally, yessotoxins were found to be responsible for positive mouse bioassay results on scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and oyster (Crassostrea talienwhanensis) samples collected from the North Yellow Sea in June, 2010. This work shows that high levels of lipophilic toxins can accumulate in shellfish from the Chinese coast and it emphasises that adequate chemical analytical methodologies are needed for monitoring purposes. Further research is required to broaden the knowledge on the occurrence of lipophilic toxins in Chinese shellfish.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China. lafouc@ouc.edu.cn
authors.forename: Aifeng
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jinggang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jijuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Pearse
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCarron
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D056893:Alveolata / Q000145:classification; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D049878:Mytilus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000737:chemistry; D035964:Oxocins / Q000032:analysis; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000737:chemistry; D011714:Pyrans / Q000032:analysis; D017747:Seafood / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; D011714:Pyrans; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C051904:dinophysistoxin 1; C066632:yessotoxin