title: Simultaneous analysis of free phytosterols/phytostanols and intact phytosteryl/phytostanyl fatty acid and phenolic acid esters in cereals.
abstract: An approach based on solid-phase extraction for the effective separation of free phytosterols/phytostanols and phytosteryl/phytostanyl fatty acid and phenolic acid esters from cereal lipids was developed. The ester conjugates were analyzed in their intact form by means of capillary gas chromatography. Besides free sterols and stanols, up to 33 different fatty acid and phenolic acid esters were identified in four different cereal grains via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The majority (52-57%) of the sterols and stanols were present as fatty acid esters. The highest levels of all three sterol and stanol classes based on dry matter of ground kernels were determined in corn, whereas the oil extract of rye was 1.7 and 1.6 times richer in fatty acid esters and free sterols/stanols than the corn oil. The results showed that there are considerable differences in the sterols/stanols and their ester profiles and contents obtained from corn compared to rye, wheat, and spelt. The proposed method is useful for the quantification of a wide range of free phytosterols/phytostanols and intact phytosteryl/phytostanyl esters to characterize different types of grain.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esche
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barnsteiner
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis*; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010840:Phytosterols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C017616:phenolic acid