title: Persistent efficacy of a long acting injectable formulation of moxidectin against natural infestations of the sheep nasal bot (Oestrus ovis) in Spain.
abstract: Cydectin(®) 2% LA Solution for Injection for Sheep (Pfizer Animal Health) is a long-acting (LA) formulation of moxidectin for the treatment and prevention of mixed infections of gastro-intestinal nematodes, respiratory nematodes and certain arthropod parasites in sheep. To evaluate the duration of persistent efficacy against nasal bots (Oestrus ovis), a natural exposure study was conducted in Spain during the summer of 2011. One hundred and twenty nasal bot-free, Rasa Aragonesa sheep were randomly allocated to eight groups of 15 animals each. On Day 0, four groups were treated at the recommended dose rate of 1 mg moxidectin/kg bodyweight. Four groups remained untreated as negative controls. All animals were held in nasal bot-proof housing except for exposure to natural challenge when one group of treated sheep and one of group of control animals were transferred to a local pasture at either 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, or 60-80 days after treatment. Following challenge, sheep were scored for clinical signs of bot infestation, necropsied and the heads sectioned for larval recovery. Nasal bot larvae were retrieved from 7 to 11 control sheep following each exposure period indicating that adult bots were active throughout the study. In the first challenge up to 20 days after treatment, when sheep were slaughtered immediately after exposure, the majority of larvae were first instar (L1) and only 3 of the 15 control sheep were infested with second instars (L2). There was 100% efficacy against L2 and 38.1% reduction in the number of live L1 in the treated sheep but mean counts were not significantly different between treatment and control groups (P ≥ 0.05). For the subsequent exposure periods 20-80 days after treatment (necropsies 7-9 days after challenge), 6-10 sheep were infested with L1 and 9-11 control sheep were infested with L2 and third instars (L3). There was negligible efficacy against L1, but treatment with moxidectin resulted in 100% control of L2 and L3. These results are consistent with the biology of nasal bots and control with a systemic agent, as the slower growing L1 have limited feeding and are therefore less susceptible to systemic parasiticides. The study demonstrated that the persistent efficacy of this long-acting injectable formulation of moxidectin protects against the development of active O. ovis infestations for at least 80 days after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Animal Health, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931, USA. douglas.rugg@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rugg
authors.forename: Luis Miguel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Patxi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarasola
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Figueras
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lacasta
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007267:Injections; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009198:Myiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009666:Nose / Q000469:parasitology; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; C027837:moxidectin