title: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 will be a novel biochemical marker in urinary tract infections and stone formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal stone in relation to Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and osteopontin (OPN).
  
  
  METHODS
  ELISA kits were used to determine these markers in serum and urinary samples of 20 patients with UTI, 15 with renal stone and 10 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMP-2 significantly increased in serum of patients who had UTI (P=0.05) and renal stone (P=0.01). In the case of UTI, serum BMP-2 at cutoff 44 pg/mL had sensitivity and specificity (92%, 80%), while cystatin C at cutoff 525 ng/mL showed sensitivity and specificity (85%, 91%). THP is a good predictor of renal diseases (P<0.001) by regression analysis. It is also the most sensitive urinary marker for UTI with sensitivity and specificity (94%, 75%) at cutoff 305 ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of serum BMP-2 and cystatin C are more sensitive and accurate for early diagnosis of renal infection and damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, PO Box 6655, Buraidah 51452, Female Section, Saudi Arabia. ragaa_2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ragaa H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alghasham
authors.forename: Marwa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.forename: Alaa E A
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: El-Moniem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D058949:Uromodulin / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055316:Cystatin C; D058949:Uromodulin