title: Effect of secondhand smoke on asthma control among black and Latino children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among patients with asthma, the clinical effect and relative contribution of maternal smoking during pregnancy (in utero smoking) and current secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on asthma control is poorly documented, and there is a paucity of research involving minority populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the association between poor asthma control and in utero smoking and current SHS exposure among Latino and black children with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-only analysis of 2 multicenter case-control studies conducted from 2008-2010 with similar protocols. We recruited 2481 Latino and black subjects with asthma (ages 8-17 years) from the mainland United States and Puerto Rico. Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of in utero smoking and current SHS exposures on National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-defined asthma control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poor asthma control among children 8 to 17 years of age was independently associated with in utero smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.0). In utero smoking through the mother was also associated with secondary asthma outcomes, including early-onset asthma (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4), daytime symptoms (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1), and asthma-related limitation of activities (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal smoking while in utero is associated with poor asthma control in black and Latino subjects assessed at 8-17 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2911, USA. Sam.Oh@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Haig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tcheurekdjian
authors.forename: Lindsey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Saunak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galanter
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Harold J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Farber
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Pedro C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Emerita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brigino-Buenaventura
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chapela
authors.forename: Jean G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: LeNoir
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lurmann
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serebrisky
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thyne
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Cintron
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Santana
authors.forename: L Keoki
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Luisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.forename: Esteban G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Burchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001249:Asthma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution