title: Detection of host immune responses in acute phase sera of spontaneous resolution versus persistent hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: Prior to the identification of hepatitis C virus (HCV), transfusion-transmission was common. Viral transmission in subjects with a known date of infection allows the study of the immune responses to acute HCV infection. We analysed 39 soluble immune factors in serum samples from subjects with transfusion-transmitted HCV. Dynamic expression kinetics of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10 were observed during acute HCV infection. Serum IP-10 was the only analyte that was significantly elevated in HCV resolvers compared with uninfected controls. In individuals who progressed to chronic HCV elevated levels of IP-10 and IL-10 coincided with first significant alanine aminotransferase elevation and remained elevated during the first year of acute HCV infection. In addition to monitoring lack of reduction in viral load, serum levels of IP-10 and IL-10 expression during acute HCV infection may be useful biomarkers to predict the progress to chronic HCV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Suganya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvarajah
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heitman
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Operskalski
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mosley
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Busch
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins