title: Population study of depressive symptoms and risk factors in pregnant and parenting Mexican adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of, severity of, and risk factors for depressive symptoms in a probabilistic sample of Mexican adolescent mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of adolescents aged 13-19 years, drawn from a national survey, was interviewed in relation to severity of depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) 16-23 and CES-D > 24] and pregnancy or parenting status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms (CES-D 16-23) ranged from 2.3% in the first postpartum semester to 32.5% in the second trimester of pregnancy; high depressive symptoms (CES-D > 24) ranged from 3.0% in the second postpartum semester to 24.7% in mothers of an infant more than 1 year old. Significant differences between groups were in mothers in the second gestation trimester, who had significantly more symptoms than those who had never been pregnant and those in the first postpartum semester. In those with high symptomatology, no significant differences were observed between groups. A multinomial logistic regression model used to estimate the likelihood of depression found increased risk of depressive symptoms (CES-D 16-23) in those without a partner in the first, second, or third trimester of pregnancy; in the second postpartum semester; and with a child over the age of 1 year. Increased risk of high symptomatology (CES-D > 24) was found in those not in school or with a child over the age of 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms entail an enormous burden of disease for the mother and mental health risks to the infant; mothers should therefore be targeted in prevention and intervention actions.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Mexico City, Mexico. laracan@imp.edu.mx
authors.forename: María Asunción
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berenzon
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Juárez García
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Medina-Mora
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natera Rey
authors.forename: Jorge Ameth
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Villatoro Velázquez
authors.forename: María del Lourdes
authors.initials: Mdel L
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez López
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult