title: TumorHoPe: a database of tumor homing peptides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer is responsible for millions of immature deaths every year and is an economical burden on developing countries. One of the major challenges in the present era is to design drugs that can specifically target tumor cells not normal cells. In this context, tumor homing peptides have drawn much attention. These peptides are playing a vital role in delivering drugs in tumor tissues with high specificity. In order to provide service to scientific community, we have developed a database of tumor homing peptides called TumorHoPe.
  
  
  METHODS
  TumorHoPe is a manually curated database of experimentally validated tumor homing peptides that specifically recognize tumor cells and tumor associated microenvironment, i.e., angiogenesis. These peptides were collected and compiled from published papers, patents and databases. Current release of TumorHoPe contains 744 peptides. Each entry provides comprehensive information of a peptide that includes its sequence, target tumor, target cell, techniques of identification, peptide receptor, etc. In addition, we have derived various types of information from these peptide sequences that include secondary/tertiary structure, amino acid composition, and physicochemical properties of peptides. Peptides in this database have been found to target different types of tumors that include breast, lung, prostate, melanoma, colon, etc. These peptides have some common motifs including RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and NGR (Asn-Gly-Arg) motifs, which specifically recognize tumor angiogenic markers. TumorHoPe has been integrated with many web-based tools like simple/complex search, database browsing and peptide mapping. These tools allow a user to search tumor homing peptides based on their amino acid composition, charge, polarity, hydrophobicity, etc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TumorHoPe is a unique database of its kind, which provides comprehensive information about experimentally validated tumor homing peptides and their target cells. This database will be very useful in designing peptide-based drugs and drug-delivery system. It is freely available at http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/tumorhope/.
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Harinder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: Kumardeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Gajendra P S
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Raghava
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D030562:Databases, Protein; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C526428:NGR peptide; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010455:Peptides; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid