title: Complete genome and transcriptomes of Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213: phylogenic relations and potential virulence mechanisms.
abstract: Streptococcus parasanguinis, a primary colonizer of the tooth surface, is also an opportunistic pathogen for subacute endocarditis. The complete genome of strain FW213 was determined using the traditional shotgun sequencing approach and further refined by the transcriptomes of cells in early exponential and early stationary growth phases in this study. The transcriptomes also discovered 10 transcripts encoding known hypothetical proteins, one pseudogene, five transcripts matched to the Rfam and additional 87 putative small RNAs within the intergenic regions defined by the GLIMMER analysis. The genome contains five acquired genomic islands (GIs) encoding proteins which potentially contribute to the overall pathogenic capacity and fitness of this microbe. The differential expression of the GIs and various open reading frames outside the GIs at the two growth phases suggested that FW213 possess a range of mechanisms to avoid host immune clearance, to colonize host tissues, to survive within oral biofilms and to overcome various environmental insults. Furthermore, the comparative genome analysis of five S. parasanguinis strains indicates that albeit S. parasanguinis strains are highly conserved, variations in the genome content exist. These variations may reflect differences in pathogenic potential between the strains.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Petrus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Ru
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: Songnian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yi-Ywan M
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D023061:Gene Order; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D044404:Genomic Islands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D009876:Operon; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D059467:Transcriptome; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D010455:Peptides; D037521:Virulence Factors