title: Pharmacist glycemic control team improves quality of glycemic control in surgical patients with perioperative dysglycemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative hyperglycemia is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Improved glycemic control has been demonstrated to reduce surgical site infections, reduce perioperative morbidity, and reduce length of stay. However, safe and effective perioperative glycemic control can be limited by expert clinician availability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve quality by reliably providing safe and effective glycemic control to surgical patients with diabetes or stress hyperglycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A designated group of pharmacists, the Glycemic Control Team (GCT), worked under protocol, on a consultation basis, to manage perioperative dysglycemia during hospitalization. We used a pre-post, observational study design to assess the effectiveness of the intervention and implementation of the GCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of patients pre- and postintervention with good glycemic control and with hypoglycemia were measured and compared. We defined good glycemic control as having all, or all but one, point-of-care blood glucose values between 70-180 mg/dL in each 24-hour period. We defined hypoglycemia as having any point-of-care test glucose value <70 mg/dL in any of the 3 days evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the preimplementation period, 77.4% of postoperative patient days demonstrated good glycemic control. In the postimplementation period, this percentage increased to 90.3%. Over the same period, the rate of hypoglycemia decreased from 8.6% to 4.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of a pharmacist team to manage glycemic control in hospitalized, postoperative patients led to safer and better quality of glycemic care as measured by improved glycemic control and lower rates of hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Sunnyside Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA. karen.s.mularski@kp.org
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mularski
authors.forename: Cynthia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Jaspreet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mosen
authors.forename: Ariel K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mularski
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007902:Length of Stay; D010348:Patient Care Team; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010595:Pharmacists; D024382:Professional Role; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose