title: [Current management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Spain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mortality related to nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) has not changed. More information is needed to improve the management of this entity. The aims of this study were: a) to determine the characteristics of bleeding episodes, b) to describe the clinical approaches routinely used in NVUGIB, and c) to identify adverse outcomes related to endoscopic or medical treatments in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The European survey of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding (ENERGiB) was an observational, retrospective cohort study on NVUGIB with endoscopic evaluation carried out across Europe. The present study focused on Spanish patients in the ENERGiB study. The patients were managed according to routine care. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n=403) were mostly men (71%), with a mean age of 65 years, and co-morbidities (62.5%). Most of the patients were managed by gastroenterologists (57.1%) or internal medicine teams (25.1%). A proton pump inhibitor was used empirically in 80% before endoscopy. Bleeding persistence occurred in 6.4% and recurrence in 6.7%. The mortality rate at 30 days was 3.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study contributes to the characterization of Spanish patients and NVUGIB episodes in a real clinical setting and identifies the routine management of this entity, which is in line with the standards proposed by recent clinical practice guidelines. A notable finding was that age and the number of comorbidities in NVUGIB patients were increasing. These factors could explain the persistent mortality rate, despite the evident advances in the management of this entity.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Digestivo, Agencia Pública Empresarial Sanitaria Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, España. drapereza@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez Aisa
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nuevo
authors.forename: Anibal Alejandro
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: López Morante
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González Galilea
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin de Argila
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aviñoa Arreal
authors.forename: Faust
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feu
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borda Celaya
authors.forename: Javier P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gisbert
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez Roldan
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gonzalvo Sorribes
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palazón Azorín
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponce Romero
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro Fernández
authors.forename: M Vega
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Catalina Rodriguez
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallego Montañés
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Calvet
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigo Saez
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montoro Huguet
authors.forename: Yanira
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: González Méndez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sierra Hernández
authors.forename: Eloy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez Hernández
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dominguez Muñoz
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez Cuadrado
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D019468:Disease Management; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D014014:Tissue Adhesives