title: Lymphoma subtype incidence rates in children and adolescents: first report from Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoma is the third most common pediatric malignancy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence rates of lymphoma in children and adolescents in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) were extracted from 14 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) from 2000 to 2005, and included children and adolescents 0-19 years old. Analyses included age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) and age-specific incidence rates (ASIRs) by each PBCR. A social exclusion index (SEI) was built and used as proxy for socioeconomic status (SES) levels. Correlations between SES and incidence rates were investigated using Spearman's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median incidence of lymphoma was 22.7/million. AAIRs of lymphomas varied from 12.9 (Salvador) to 34.5 per million (São Paulo). Median AAIR was 8.8/million, 9.8/million, and 2.9/million for NHL, HL, and BL, respectively. In all PBCRs except that of Recife, AAIR was slightly higher in males than females. The median ASIR was highest for HL (18.5/million) at 15-19 years for both genders. For NHL there were two peaks for ASIR: 11.1/million (1-4 years of age) and 13.2/million (15-19 years of age). The median ASIR for BL was highest among children aged 1-4 years (4.7/million) and in males. Higher SEI correlated with higher incidence of HL (P = 0.06), whereas rates of NHL and BL did not correlate with SEI. Borderline different incidence rates were observed in HL correlated with cities with higher SEIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence rates of lymphomas in Brazil do not differ compared to rates reported worldwide, although SES differences deserve further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Moreira de Oliveira
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Claudete Esteves
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Klumb
authors.forename: Rejane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Souza Reis
authors.forename: Marceli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Santos
authors.forename: Julio Fernando Pinto
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pombo-de-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries