title: Combination of opium smoking and hypercholesterolemia augments susceptibility for lethal cardiac arrhythmia and atherogenesis in rabbit.
abstract: Opium consumption is increasing in some eastern societies, where it is grown. We investigated the effect of opium smoking on plasma atherogenic index and incidence of lethal cardiac arrhythmia, i.e. ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in rabbits. Animals were divided into two-, normo- and hyper-cholesterolemic main groups fed with normal or high cholesterol diet prior and during short-term and long-term exposure to opium smoke. Then, isoproterenol (3mg/kg, i.p.) was injected to induce cardiac ischemia and animals were followed for 3h for counting of lethal arrhythmia incidence. Long-term opium smoking significantly increased the plasma atherogenic index. In ischemic hearts, opium smoking along with hypercholesterolemia significantly enhanced the incidence of fatal arrhythmia. This vulnerability was not mediated by changes in QT interval. These data suggest that opium smoking, especially in hypercholesterolemic conditions, can be a predisposing factor for atherogenesis and lethal arrhythmia.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najafipour
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: jokar@kmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Siyavash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joukar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D009892:Opium; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D009892:Opium; D007545:Isoproterenol