title: Pediatric noncontiguous spinal injuries: the 15-year experience at a level 1 trauma center.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of noncontiguous spinal injuries (NCSI) in a pediatric population. The secondary objective is to identify high-risk patients requiring further imaging to rule out NCSI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCSI can add significant complexity to the diagnosis, management, and outcome of children. There is very little in the pediatric literature examining the nature, associated risk factors, management, and outcomes of NCSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children up to 18 years of age with a spinal injury, as defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, at one pediatric trauma hospital were included (n = 211). Data for patient demographics, mechanism of injury, spinal levels involved, extent of neurological injury and recovery, associated injuries, medical complications, treatment, and outcome were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five (11.8%) of 211 patients had NCSI, with a median age of 13.0 years (interquartile range = 8-15). The most common pattern of injury was a double thoracic noncontiguous injury. Sixteen percent of the cases of NCSI were initially missed, with no clinical deterioration due to missed diagnosis. Associated injuries occurred in 44% of patients with NCSI. Twenty-four percent of patients with multiple NCSI had a neurological injury compared with 9.7% in patients with single-level or contiguous injuries (P = 0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high incidence of children with multiple NCSI who are more likely to experience neurological injuries compared with patients with single-level or contiguous spinal injuries. Patients with a single-level spinal injury on existing imaging with an associated neurological injury should undergo at least plain films of the entire spine to exclude noncontiguous injuries. In patients without neurological injury and a single spinal fracture, radiography showing at least 4 levels above and below the fracture should be performed. All children with spinal injury should have associated injuries carefully excluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregory B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kingwell
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Moroz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000639:trends*