title: Differences in whey protein content between cow's milk collected in late pasture and early indoor feeding season from conventional and organic farms in Poland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to investigate bioactive whey protein concentrations in cow's milk collected in late pasture (LP) and early indoor feeding (EIF) season from conventional and organic farms in Poland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that in the LP somatic cell count (SCC) was higher under organic farming conditions. However, percentages of protein and fat were higher under conventional farming conditions. In EIF, milk from conventional dairy farms had a higher percentage of fat and lactose and a lower concentration of protein and SCC in comparison to milk from organic farms. Organic milk in LP had higher concentrations of beneficial whey proteins than conventional milk, including β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg, 4.12 vs. 2.68 g L⁻¹), lactoferrin (Lf, 334.99 vs. 188.02 mg L⁻¹), and lysozyme (Lz, 15.68 vs. 12.56 µg L⁻¹). However, conventional milk in EIF had higher concentrations of bovine serum albumin (146.47 vs. 118.65 mg L⁻¹), Lf (49 vs. 185.27 mg L⁻¹), and Lz (16.63 vs. 13.22 µg L⁻¹).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show significant differences in the investigated parameters between organic milk and milk from conventional system during EIF and LP. Moreover, extending the pasture season during EIF in organic farms decreases concentration of bioactive compounds of milk.
authors.affiliation: Cattle Breeding Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. beata_kuczyńska@sggw.pl
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuczyńska
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puppel
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gołebiewski
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metera
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakowski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Słoniewski
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000032:analysis*; D007774:Lactation; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D011044:Poland; D012621:Seasons; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D009113:Muramidase; D007781:Lactoferrin; D007785:Lactose