title: Poly(ADP-ribose) regulates post-transcriptional gene regulation in the cytoplasm.
abstract: Since its discovery in 1963, poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) has been shown to play important functions in the nucleus of multicellular eukaryotes. Each of these functions centers upon DNA metabolism, including DNA-damage repair, chromatin remodeling, transcription and telomere functions. We recently described two novel functions for pADPr in the cytoplasm, both of which involve RNA metabolism - 1) the assembly of cytoplasmic stress granules, cellular macrostructures that aggregate translationally stalled mRNA/protein complexes, and 2) modulation of microRNA activities. Multiple stress granule-localized, post-transcriptional gene regulators, including microRNA-binding argonaute family members, are substrates for pADPr modification and are increasingly modified by pADPr upon stress. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic RNA regulatory functions for PARPs are likely mediated through activities of catalytically inactive PARP-13/ARTD13/ZC3HAV1/ZAP and mono/poly(ADP-ribose)-synthesizing enzymes, including PARP-5a/ARTD5/TNKS1, PARP-12/ARTD12/ZC3HDC1 and PARP-15/ARTD7/BAL3. These data are consistent with other recent work, which suggests that mono(ADP-ribosyl)ated residues can be poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by different enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. anleung@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todorova
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D003593:Cytoplasm; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000502:physiology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D034622:RNA Interference
chemical_list: D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases