title: Phthalates and bisphenol do not accumulate in human follicular fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if phthalates and bisphenol A accumulate in human follicular fluid after brief exposure to medical plastics during an IVF cycle
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective collection of follicular fluid from five infertile women undergoing oocyte retrieval at a University IVF laboratory and analysis of Phthalate & Bisphenol A levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All phthalate levels were detected at levels less than 15 ng/mL and Bisphenol A levels were undetectable in all five samples. The concentrations of phthalates are 200-1000 fold less than the minimum levels reported to cause reproductive toxicity in vitro to cumulus-oocyte complexes of laboratory animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In reproductive age women undergoing infertility treatments there is little transfer or accumulation of phthalates, phthalate metabolites or bisphenol A into the microenvironment of the human preovulatory oocyte and the levels are not clinically significant. Further investigation of phthalate and bisphenol A accumulation in vivo in human follicular fluid may not be productive.
authors.affiliation: Advance Fertility Center of Texas, Houston, TX 77079, USA. drkrotz@afctexas.com
authors.forename: Stephan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Krotz
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomey
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval; D009865:Oocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds