title: [Current approaches in multiple myeloma and other                     cancer-related bone diseases].
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) ranges second of all hematological malignancies and occurs most commonly in elderly patients. Almost all MM patients develop bone lesions in the course of their disease or have evidence of bone loss at initial diagnosis. Whole-body conventional radiography remains the gold standard in the diagnostic evaluation, albeit computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasingly used as complementary techniques in the more sensitive detection of osteolytic processes. Bisphosphonates like zoledronate or pamidronate represent the cornerstone therapeutics in osteolytic disease, and are effective supportives to potent anti-myeloma therapies, including novel agents such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib or immunomodulatory drugs (IMIDs, e. g. thalidomide or lenalidomide). Several studies are ongoing to investigate the effects of alternative bone-seeking agents and their therapeutic potential for the management of myeloma bone disease, such as denosumab (RANKL-neutralizing antibody), anti-sclerostin (monoclonal antibody, generated against sclerostin) or sotatercept (potent activin-A inhibitor). This review summarizes the most prominent data on myeloma bone disease pathogenesis, the role of imaging techniques as well as therapy and prevention of lytic complications in myeloma which may similarly or equally be true for other bone metastases-inducing solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizin I, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Germany. monika.engelhardt@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Udi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wäsch
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors