title: Fresh-frozen bone blocks for horizontal ridge augmentation in the upper maxilla: 6-month outcomes of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized controlled trial compared fresh-frozen versus autologous bone blocks for maxillary horizontal ridge augmentation in patients with Cawood and Howell class IV atrophies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients were allocated to the autologous and fresh-frozen groups in a 1:1 ratio. Patients underwent computed tomography scans 1 week and 6 months after surgery for graft volume and density analysis. Doxycycline was administered at day 120 and day 150 to label new bone formation. Biopsy for histologic and histomorphometric analyses was performed at reentry for implant insertion, 6 months after grafting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fresh-frozen grafts had lower density than autologous bone. Autologous and fresh-frozen grafts lost, respectively, 25% and 52% of their initial volume (p = .0041). Histology revealed the presence of newly formed bone within both graft types, but clear signs of inflammation were present in fresh-frozen blocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to these 6-month results, autologous bone blocks are preferable to fresh-frozen bone grafts.
authors.affiliation: Research associate, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Full professor, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia Modena, Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy Resident, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia Modena, Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy Resident, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Researcher, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia Modena, Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy Resident, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Researcher, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; full professor, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia Modena, Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy Full professor, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Full professor, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lumetti
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Consolo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Multinu
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piersanti
authors.forename: Pierantonio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corinaldesi
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaffe
authors.forename: Guido Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Macaluso
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome