title: Non-orthopaedic causes of shoulder pain: what the shoulder expert must remember.
abstract: Aim of this review is to underline some specific patterns of shoulder pain that are not related to musculoskeletal diseases but are manifestations of gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiological or rheumatological diseases. The most important pathologies (like gallstones, myocardial ischaemia and Parsonage-Turner syndrome...) that can manifest with shoulder pain will be presented by specialty doctors and elements for differential diagnosis will be discussed. Orthopaedic shoulder surgeons should always suspect other causes of pain, different from those related to bone, tendons and joint. If there is something unfair, patients should be referred to family doctor for further investigations in order to exclude major systemic diseases.
authors.affiliation: E Agnelli Hospital, Via Brigata Cagliari 39, 10064 Pinerolo, Turin, Italy. n.lollino@libero.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lollino
authors.forename: Paola Rita
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Brunocilla
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poglio
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vannini
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lollino
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lancia
mesh_terms: D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology*