title: Plasmonic photothermic and stem cell therapy of atherosclerotic plaque as a novel nanotool for angioplasty and artery remodeling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some modern angioplasty techniques drastically affect the geometry of the plaque and the lumen, but have some inherent clinical and technical limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 101 Yucatan miniature swine were allocated to the three following groups (34 pigs into 60/15- to 70/40-nm silica-gold nanoparticles (NPs), 34 swine into ferromagnetic group with iron-bearing NPs and delivery in hand of magnetic fields, and 33 in a sirolimus stenting control). Animals in the nanogroup were subdivided further into four subsets according to the delivery approach: (1) Intracoronary infused circulating stem progenitor cells (SPCs), including SP(+) (side population) cells, (2) intracoronary infused, ultrasound-mediated, albumin-coated, gas-filled microbubbles, (3) CD73(+)105(+) SPCs in the composition of a bioengineered on-artery patch (cardiac surgery), (4) CD73(+)CD105(+) SPCs engrafted by manual subadventitial injection (cardiac surgery). NPs were detonated with a microwatt near-infrared (NIR) laser (821 nm, 35-44 W/cm(2) for 7 min of exposure).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes of the total atheroma volume (TAV; mm(3)) immediately after the laser irradiation at month 6 in the nanoshell, ferromagnetic, and control groups were -7.54%/-22.92%, -9.7%/-16.84%, and -10.5%/-7.06% (p<0.01), respectively, and in the subsets reached -2.79%/-21.92%, -6.26%/-15.24%, -4.6%/-31.21%, -16.5%/-23.3% (p<0.05), respectively. Some cases of atherothrombosis and distal embolism (23.5%) were documented only in the microbubbles subset. The impact of the therapy on the nonorganic part of the plaque-antiinflammative and antiapoptotic effects, signs of neovascularization, and restoration of artery function-were predominant in the observed subsets with SPCs (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoburning, especially in combination with stem cell technologies, is a very challenging technique for altering advanced plaque and holds the promise of revolutionizing state-of-the-art interventional cardiology, assuring destruction of plaque and functional restoration of the vessel wall. It could potentially become the current mechanical and pharmacological treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Science, Ural Institute of Cardiology, Yekaterinburg, Russia. drskharlamov@gmail.com
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kharlamov
authors.forename: Jan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gabinsky
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000628:therapy*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D006046:Gold; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D020123:Sirolimus