title: Modified Hodge test: A simple and effective test for detection of carbapenemase production.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistance among bacterial isolates is the leading cause of increased mortality and morbidity worldwide. Carbapenems once thought to be effective are becoming ineffective mostly due to the emergence of carbapenemase. This study was designed to determine in vitro efficacy of Modified Hodge test for detection of carbapenemase production in Gram negative rods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi Pakistan from January 2010 to December 2010. A total of 200 Gram negative rods from different clinical samples were taken. Those isolates which showed intermediate or susceptible zones i.e 16mm-21mm on disc diffusion were included in the study. These isolates were then subjected to Modified Hodge test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 200 isolates, 138 (69%) were positive for carbapenemase production by Modified Hodge test. Out of 138 MHT positive organisms, the frequency of E. coli was 38%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%), Acinetobacter baumannii (12%), Citrobacter diversus (2%) and Enterobacter agglomerans (1.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified Hodge test is a simple test which can be performed in the routine lab for detection of carbapenemases in isolates showing intermediate or sensitive zone diameter on disc diffusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amjad
authors.forename: Ia
authors.initials: Ia
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Farwa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zia