title: Foetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of low or very low alcohol intake during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the pregnancy outcomes of women who reported social intake of low or very low alcohol levels during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obstetric and foetal outcomes were assessed in a prospective cohort of 1667 pregnant women who reported low or very low alcohol consumption during pregnancy (cases) and 1840 alcohol-abstainer women (controls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among cases, alcohol consumption occurred during the first 4.4 (median) weeks of pregnancy, with a median ingestion of 1.0 (0.01-6.0) drinks/week, equivalent to 7.6 (0.09-47.5) g/week. Cigarette smoking was reported approximately four times more often in the exposed group than in the controls (p < 0.001). Pregnancy outcomes were similar between groups. There were 37 (2.4%) babies born with malformations in the exposed group and 41 (2.4%) in the control group (p = 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-to-very low levels of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy do not appear to be associated with adverse maternal or foetal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Korean Motherisk Program, Seoul, South Korea. hanjungyeol@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jung-Yeol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: June-Seek
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Min-Hyoung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hyun-Mee
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Moon-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Hyug
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nava-Ocampo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol