title: Co-administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 and interferon-α provides enhanced Th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus.
abstract: The co-administration of two or more cytokines may generate additive or synergistic effects for controlling infectious diseases. However, the practical use of cytokine combinations for the modulation of immune responses against inactivated vaccine has not been demonstrated in livestock yet, primarily due to protein stability, production, and costs associated with mass administration. In light of the current situation, we evaluated the immunomodulatory functions of the combined administration of swine interleukin-18 (swIL-18) and interferon-α (swIFN-α) against an inactivated PrV vaccine using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a cytokine delivery system. Co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL-18 and swIFN-α produced enhanced Th1-biased humoral and cellular immune responses against the inactivated PrV vaccine, when compared to single administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing either swIL-18 or swIFN-α. Also, enhanced immune responses in co-administered piglets occurred rapidly after virulent PrV challenge, and piglets that received co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL-18 and swIFN-α displayed a greater alleviation of clinical severity following the virulent PrV challenge, as determined by clinical scores and cumulative daily weight gain. Furthermore, this enhancement was confirmed by reduced nasal shedding of PrV following viral challenge. Therefore, these results suggest that oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL-18 and swIFN-α provide enhanced Th1-biased immunity against inactivated PrV vaccine to alleviate clinical signs caused by PrV challenge.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Erdenebileg
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uyangaa
authors.forename: Jin Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Koanhoi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Kug
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Eo
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013552:Swine; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D020382:Interleukin-18; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated