title: Iodine from bacterial iodide oxidization by Roseovarius spp. inhibits the growth of other bacteria.
abstract: Microbial activities in brine, seawater, or estuarine mud are involved in iodine cycle. To investigate the effects of the microbiologically induced iodine on other bacteria in the environment, a total of 13 bacteria that potentially participated in the iodide-oxidizing process were isolated from water or biofilm at a location containing 131 μg ml(-1) iodide. Three distinct strains were further identified as Roseovarius spp. based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences after being distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Morphological characteristics of these three Roseovarius spp. varied considerably across and within strains. Iodine production increased with Roseovarius spp. growth when cultured in Marine Broth with 200 μg ml(-1) iodide (I(-)). When 10(6) CFU/ml Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus pumilus were exposed to various concentrations of molecular iodine (I(2)), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 μg ml(-1), respectively. However, fivefold increases in the MICs for Roseovarius spp. were obtained. In co-cultured Roseovarius sp. IOB-7 and E. coli in Marine Broth containing iodide (I(-)), the molecular iodine concentration was estimated to be 0.76 μg ml(-1) after 24 h and less than 50 % of E. coli was viable compared to that co-cultured without iodide. The growth inhibition of E. coli was also observed in co-cultures with the two other Roseovarius spp. strains when the molecular iodine concentration was assumed to be 0.52 μg ml(-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Choon-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanji
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007454:Iodides / Q000378:metabolism*; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D041902:Rhodobacteraceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007454:Iodides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D007455:Iodine