title: Development and psychometric evaluation of the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale.
abstract: The Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS) was developed to measure anticipated stigma (i.e., expectations of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination) among people living with chronic illnesses. The CIASS is a 12-item scale with three subscales differentiating among sources of anticipated stigma, including friends and family members, work colleagues, and healthcare workers. Results support the reliability, validity, and generalizability of the CIASS in two samples of people living with chronic illnesses. The CIASS was correlated with other stigma-related constructs as well as indicators of mental health, physical health, and health behaviors. The CIASS can help researchers gauge the degree to which people living with chronic illnesses anticipate stigma, better understand the processes by which anticipated stigma contributes to the health and behavior of people living with chronic illnesses, and compare the extent to which people living with different types of chronic illnesses anticipate stigma.
authors.affiliation: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, 135 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. valerie.earnshaw@yale.edu
authors.forename: Valerie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Earnshaw
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Seth C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kalichman
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011287:Prejudice; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057545:Social Stigma; D013240:Stereotyping; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult