title: mTORC1 signaling and regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass.
abstract: The capacity of β cells to expand in response to insulin resistance is a critical factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. Proliferation of β cells is a major component for these adaptive responses in animal models. The extracellular signals responsible for β-cell expansion include growth factors, such as insulin, and nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids. AKT activation is one of the important components linking growth signals to the regulation of β-cell expansion. Downstream of AKT, tuberous sclerosis complex 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling have emerged as prime candidates in this process, because they integrate signals from growth factors and nutrients. Recent studies demonstrate the importance of mTORC1 signaling in β cells. This review will discuss recent advances in the understanding of how this pathway regulates β-cell mass and present data on the role of TSC1 in modulation of β-cell mass. Herein, we also demonstrate that deletion of Tsc1 in pancreatic β cells results in improved glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and expansion of β-cell mass that persists with aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical Center; Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blandino-Rosano
authors.forename: Angela Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Joshua O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Scheys
authors.forename: Emilyn U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Alejandro
authors.forename: Aaron P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taranukha
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elghazi
authors.forename: Corentin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cras-Méneur
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernal-Mizrachi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006706:Homeostasis; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D011506:Proteins; C000624651:Tsc1 protein, mouse; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases