title: Detection of visual field defects in pre-perimetric glaucoma using fundus-oriented small-target perimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of automated fundus-oriented small-target perimetry in detecting glaucomatous visual field abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  One eye from each of 60 normal, 37 pre-perimetric glaucoma (PPG) and 29 early stage of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) persons were included. The new perimeter had two monitors, one for a campimeter and the other for the examiner's operation. A test area within the central 15° was set in the fundus image. The target size was 2.9 min in diameter, and the distance between the two adjacent targets was 60 min. The rate of negative response (RNR) among the age-matched controls, PPG and POAG were compared. The relationship between the RNR and age of the normal or standard automated perimetry (SAP) global indices in PPG and POAG was examined. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AROC) to discriminate PPG or POAG versus normal were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RNR increased significantly with age in normal and differed significantly (P < 0.001) among control (1.8 ± 1.3 %), PPG (9.2 ± 10.4 %) and POAG (21.2 ± 14.3 %). Significant correlation was found between the RNR and SAP global indices. The AROC was 0.89 for PPG and 0.95 for POAG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fundus-oriented small-target perimetry is useful in detecting visual field abnormalities in PPG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan. eyenaka@mopera.net
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashide
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kani
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult