title: Study of mandibular growth in patients treated with Fränkel's functional regulator (1b).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess mandibular growth in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusions when treated with Fränkel's functional regulator 1b.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment group was made up of 43 patients that were divided into two groups: prepubescent (n:28), and pubescent (n:15). The control group included 40 patients who did not receive any kind of treatment and were likewise divided into a prepubescent group (n:19), and a pubescent group (n:21). A computerized cephalometric study was carried out and superimpositions were done in order to assess the antero-posterior, vertical and rotational movements of the mandible. A two-way ANOVA with interaction was done to compare the changes between the control group and the treatment group, while the Student t for independent samples was used to compare each age group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Gnathion and Gonion points showed significant differences in the whole sample (p<0.001) as well as in the prepubescent (p<0.001) and pubescent groups (p<0.05). Rotational changes of the mandible measured using the facial axis and mandibular plane showed no statistical differences between both groups (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that the FR produces vertical orthopedic growth in the mandible but not horizontal growth compared to non-treated Class II-type I malocclusion patients. No rotational changes were found in the mandible, but we did record mandibular growth along the inclination of the facial axis.
authors.affiliation: Complutense University of Madrid, Facultad de Odontología, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. jjaliosa@odon.ucm.es
authors.forename: Juan-Jose
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Alió-Sanz
authors.forename: Eyleen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lorenzo-Pernía
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Conde
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Linares
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solano-Reina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional