title: Medical student self-efficacy with family-centered care during bedside rounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Factors that support self-efficacy in family-centered care (FCC) must be understood in order to foster FCC in trainees. Using social cognitive theory, the authors examined (1) how three supportive experiences (observing role models, practicing for mastery, and receiving feedback) influence self-efficacy with FCC during rounds and (2) whether the influence of these supportive experiences was mediated by self-efficacy with three key FCC tasks (relationship building, information exchange, and decision making).
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers surveyed third-year students during pediatric clerkship rotations during the 2008-2011 academic years. Surveys assessed supportive experiences and students' self-efficacy both with FCC during rounds and with key FCC tasks. Researchers constructed measurement models via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Composite indicator structural equation models evaluated whether supportive experiences influenced self-efficacy with FCC during rounds and whether self-efficacy with key FCC tasks mediated any such influences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 184 eligible students, 172 (93%) completed preclerkship surveys. Observing role models and practicing for mastery supported self-efficacy with FCC during rounds (each P < .01), whereas receiving feedback did not. Self-efficacy with two specific FCC tasks-relationship building and decision making (each P < .05)-mediated the effects of these two supportive experiences on self-efficacy with FCC during rounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both observing role models and practicing for mastery foster students' self-efficacy with FCC during rounds, operating through self-efficacy with key FCC tasks. Results suggest the importance both of helping students gain self-efficacy in key FCC tasks before rounds and of helping educators implement supportive experiences during rounds.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, 2519 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA.
authors.forename: Henry N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Jayna B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ted D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Sigrest
authors.forename: Gwen K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002982:Clinical Clerkship / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D010358:Patient Participation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D011582:Psychological Theory; D020377:Self Efficacy; D057566:Self Report; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D056164:Teaching Rounds; D014922:Wisconsin