title: Neural correlates of forethought in ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present investigation was to delineate the neural correlates of forethought in the ADHD children relative to typically developing (TD) children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 21 TD and 23 ADHD adolescents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a forethought task. The participants had to identify congruent and incongruent stimuli from cartoon stories representing sequences of action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings revealed significantly greater activation in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in TD versus ADHD children, and more activation in the cerebellar vermis in the adolescents with ADHD versus TD, during performance of the incongruent relative to congruent condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inverse pattern of activation of the PFC and the cerebellar vermis in both groups could reflect a compensatory role played by the cerebellum or suggest the malfunction of the neural network between those regions in ADHD. Further research of the neural correlates of forethought in ADHD is warranted.
authors.affiliation: 1Institut de Santé et Société and Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poissant
authors.forename: Adrianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendrek
authors.forename: Noureddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senhadji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology