title: The relationship between impaired fasting glucose and self-reported sleep quality in a Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreased sleep quality and duration predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited research on the association between prediabetes and sleep quality. The aim of this study is to investigate this relationship in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were recruited from the Prevention Health Center of National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Anthropometric data and metabolic parameters were measured. The diagnoses of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes followed the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1805 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 1217), IFG (n = 118), IGT (n = 287), IFG+IGT (n = 80) and newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD, n = 103) were recruited. The global PSQI scores were 6·07 ± 2·44, 6·74 ± 3·23, 6·91 ± 3·51, 6·74 ± 2·26 and 7·16 ± 3·49 in subjects with NGT, IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that female gender, smoking, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, but not IFG, were independent determinants of global PSQI score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, but not IFG, were predictors of poor sleepers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with prediabetes and NDD had a significantly higher global PSQI score than those with NGT. Furthermore, female gender, smoking, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, but not IFG, were significantly associated with poor sleep quality independent of cardiometabolic risk factors in a Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hao-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Horng-Yih
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Jin-Shang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Feng-Hwa
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose