title: Effects of Mediterranean diets on kidney function: a report from the PREDIMED trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic observations have linked healthy dietary patterns to improved kidney function.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on kidney function in both a cross-sectional assessment and after a 1-year intervention in a cohort of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Study, a multicenter 3-arm randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of the MedDiet on primary cardiovascular prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling men aged 55-80 years and women aged 60-80 years at high risk of cardiovascular disease from Reus, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to 3 ad libitum diets: a MedDiet supplemented with virgin olive oil (MedDiet + olive oil), a MedDiet supplemented with mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), or a control low-fat diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutrient intake, adherence to the MedDiet, lifestyle variables, cardiovascular risk factors, serum urea and creatinine concentrations, eGFR, and urinary ACR were evaluated at baseline and after intervention for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline kidney function markers were similar across quartiles of adherence to the MedDiet in 785 participants (55% women; mean age, 67 years). After a 1-year intervention in 665 participants, the 3 dietary approaches were associated with improved kidney function, with similar average increases in eGFR (4.7 [95% CI, 3.2-6.2], 3.5 [95% CI, 1.9-5.0], and 4.1 [95% CI, 2.8-5.5] mL/min/1.73 m(2) for the MedDiet + olive oil, MedDiet + nuts, and control groups, respectively [P < 0.001 vs baseline for each; P = 0.9 for differences among groups]), but no changes in ACRs after adjustment for various confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generalization of results to other age groups or ethnicities. GFR was not directly measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not support the notion that the MedDiet has a beneficial effect on kidney function over and above that of advice for a low-fat diet in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-López
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guasch-Ferré
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basora
authors.forename: María-Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Carmen López-Sabater
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012016:Reference Values; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D016896:Treatment Outcome