title: Cyber and bias-based harassment: associations with academic, substance use, and mental health problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how two forms of interstudent harassment, cyber and bias-based harassment, are associated with academic, substance use, and mental health problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a population-based survey of 17,366 middle and high school students that assessed harassment due to race/ethnicity or sexual orientation, and harassment through the Internet or text messaging along with other forms of interstudent harassment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Odds ratios indicated that students experiencing both cyber and bias-based harassment were at the greatest risk for adjustment problems across all indicators, with suicidal ideation and attempts having the largest risk differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessments of adolescent health and adjustment should include questions regarding both cyber and bias-based harassment.
authors.affiliation: McClelland Institute for Children, Youth, and Families, Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. kos1@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Katerina O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: Sheri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: V Paul
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Poteat
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D015982:Bias; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D017406:Sexual Harassment / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012919:Social Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D060145:Text Messaging