title: Selective hepatic vascular exclusion versus Pringle manoeuvre in liver resection for tumours encroaching on major hepatic veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Control of bleeding is crucial during liver resection, and several techniques have been developed to achieve this. This study compared the safety and efficacy of selective hepatic vascular exclusion (SHVE) and Pringle manoeuvre in partial hepatectomy for liver tumours compressing or involving major hepatic veins.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients undergoing liver resection between January 2003 and December 2010 for liver tumours compressing or involving one or more major hepatic veins were identified retrospectively from a prospective institutional database. Either SHVE or Pringle manoeuvre was used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy. Data on demographics and the intraoperative and postoperative course were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the database of 3900 patients, 1420 were identified who underwent liver resection for tumours encroaching on major hepatic veins using either SHVE (550) or the Pringle manoeuvre (870). Intraoperative blood loss (mean(s.d.) 480(210) versus 830(340) ml; P = 0·007) and transfusion requirements (mean(s.d.) 1·3(0·6) versus 2·9(1·4) units; P = 0·008) were significantly less in the SHVE group. In the Pringle group, hepatic vein injury resulted in major intraoperative bleeding of over 1000 ml in 65 patients (7·5 per cent) and air embolism in 14 (1·6 per cent), and three patients (0·3 per cent) died during surgery, whereas there was no major bleeding, air embolism or intraoperative death in the SHVE group. Postoperative liver failure, multiple organ failure and in-hospital death were significantly more common in the Pringle group (P = 0·019, P = 0·032 and P = 0·004 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SHVE was more efficacious than the Pringle manoeuvre in minimizing intraoperative bleeding and air embolism during partial hepatectomy for tumours encroaching on major hepatic veins, and decreased the postoperative liver failure rate.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E C H
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: W-P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology