title: The correlations of work conditions with unhealthy lifestyles and occupational health problems of casino croupiers in Macau.
abstract: The Macau economy and employment of residents rely heavily on the gaming industry. It is important that the working conditions in casinos are not harmful to the health of the casino employees. This study examines the correlations between work conditions, unhealthy lifestyles and occupational health problems amongst casino croupiers in Macau. Its findings will provide casino managers and policy makers with evidence and awareness of the workplace health risks for the casino workers. The data were gathered by a questionnaire survey of 1,042 croupiers, which represents roughly 5 % of the croupier population in Macau. Work conditions were measured by worker satisfaction towards the biological, chemical and physical elements in their work environments. Unhealthy lifestyles were measured by practices of excessive drinking, smoking, electronic game playing and addictive substance use as well as gambling. Occupational health problems were measured by experiences of work related illnesses or symptoms. Results showed that high percentages of respondents were dissatisfied with the work conditions. On average each croupier experienced 10 work related health problems in the past 7 days. Over 5 % of the respondents drank more than three glasses of alcohol a day, 24 % smoked cigarettes, 12 % took addictive substances, 14 % gambled in the past 7 days. The analysis showed that dissatisfaction with work conditions did not correlate with unhealthy lifestyles but were strongly and significantly correlated with stress-related occupational health problems (R = 0.377-0.479, P < 0.001) and other occupational health problems (R = 0.348-0.461, P < 0.001). Casino workers in Macau experience a variety of problems associated with their work conditions that can be hazardous to their health. The working conditions in casinos need to be regularly monitored and improvements such as occupational health training and enhanced health related policies can be introduced.
authors.affiliation: Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China. Sydney@kwnc.edu.mo
authors.forename: Sydney X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: U
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008019:Life Style; D008256:Macau / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult