title: Does an electrocardiogram add predictive value to the rose angina questionnaire for future coronary heart disease? 10-year follow-up in a Middle East population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the power of abnormal resting ECG versus Rose Questionnaire angina and its additive value in predicting 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in an Iranian urban population with high prevalence of CHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 5101 subjects ≥30 years (2900 women), free of CHD at baseline; they were categorised in to four groups according to their Rose Angina and ECG status for ischaemia as Rose-/ECG-, Rose+/ECG-, Rose-/ECG+ and Rose+/ECG+. HR of CHD was estimated using Cox regression analysis, given Rose-/ECG- as the reference. The authors used Akaike information criterion, C-index and integrated discrimination improvement indices to evaluate the prognostic value of ECG when would be added to Rose Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 387 CHD events (169 women) were observed. Multivariate analysis showed a HR of 2.59 (95% CI 1.71 to 3.91) and 2.26 (1.48 to 3.44) for Rose+/ECG- group in men and women, respectively. These figures for Rose-/ECG+ were 1.36 (0.90 to 2.05) in men and 2.09 (1.40 to 3.12) in women. There was no any interaction between Rose Questionnaire and gender to predict incident CHD, in age-adjusted analysis. Akaike information criterion, C-index and relative integrated discrimination improvement did not show any difference between models including Rose alone and Rose plus ECG to predict CHD events especially in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rose Questionnaire as a simple screening tool is equally important to predict incident CHD in both genders. Adding abnormal ECG to angina did not culminate in higher risk for future CHD events.
authors.affiliation: Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hadaegh
authors.forename: Noushin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fahimfar
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shafiee
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheikholeslami
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanbarian
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult