title: Analysis of multiple quaternary ammonium compounds in the brain using tandem capillary column separation and high resolution mass spectrometric detection.
abstract: Endogenous quaternary ammonium compounds are involved in various physiological processes in the central nervous system. In the present study, eleven quaternary ammonium compounds, including acetylcholine, choline, carnitine, acetylcarnitine and seven other acylcarnitines of low polarity, were analyzed from brain extracts using a two dimension capillary liquid chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry method. To deal with their large difference in hydrophobicities, tandem coupling between reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography columns was used to separate all the targeted quaternary ammonium compounds. Using high accuracy mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode, all the compounds could be detected from each brain sample with high selectivity. The developed method was applied for the relative quantification of these quaternary ammonium compounds in three different brain regions of tree shrews: prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. The comparative analysis showed that quaternary ammonium compounds were differentially distributed across the three brain areas. The analytical method proved to be highly sensitive and reliable for simultaneous determination of all the targeted analytes from brain samples.
authors.affiliation: Visual Cognition Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Chemin du Musee 5, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falasca
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petruzziello
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kretz
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rainer
authors.forename: Xiaozhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014418:Tupaiidae
chemical_list: D002794:Choline; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002331:Carnitine