title: Infectious causes of posterior uveitis and panuveitis in Thailand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the infectious causes of posterior uveitis (PU) and panuveitis (panU) in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the infectious causes of uveitis involving the posterior segment of the eye by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2), varicella zoster virus and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) DNA in intraocular samples of 80 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. Additionally, in 61 patients, we performed Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC) analysis for T. gondii.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four (30 %) patients with PU and/or panU had a positive PCR result. Overall, CMV was the most frequently identified organism. While CMV was the most common cause of uveitis in the patients on immunosuppressive medications for nonocular disorders, HSV was the most common cause of posterior and panuveitis in the patients not receiving such medication. In 38 PU patients, CMV was the most common detected pathogen. In 42 panU patients, CMV and HSV-2 were the most frequently identified pathogens. Out of 61 paired samples analyzed for T. gondii by GWC analysis, only 1 revealed a positive result. There was no difference in PCR results between aqueous humor and vitreous samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMV was the most frequently identified infectious organism in posterior and panuveitis of HIV-1-negative Thai patients. Aqueous humor and vitreous samples showed similar diagnostic values in PCR analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Natedao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kongyai
authors.forename: Kessara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pathanapitoon
authors.forename: Wasna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sirirungsi
authors.forename: Paradee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kunavisarut
authors.forename: Jolanda D F
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: de Groot-Mijnes
authors.forename: Aniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D006563:Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015864:Panuveitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013785:Thailand; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004279:DNA, Viral