title: Chemical composition, nutritional and toxicological evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa) grown in fly ash amended soils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate nutritional and toxicological aspects of rice grown in fly ash amended soils. Rice was grown on soils with fly ash (200 t ha(-1) ) and without fly ash at two different geographical locations of India.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One kilogram each of 36 samples randomly collected from three replicates of rice grown with and without fly ash was subjected to various analytical techniques to determine the nutrient composition, mineral and heavy metal content. Moisture, protein and ash content of the rice samples showed no difference between fly ash treated and controls. Similar observations were also made on trace and heavy elements. Further, the rice grown on soils treated with fly ash was incorporated in the diet at 90% level and was fed to Wistar/NIN rats for 26 weeks for carrying out protein and toxicological evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that there is no difference between rice samples grown in soils with or without fly ash. Studies also clearly indicated that there were no adverse effects on hematological, biochemical or histopathological parameters when rice was fed to rats for 6 months. This indicates that rice grown on fly ash treated soils may be safe for human consumption.
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. bhaskarkc@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kandlakunta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhaskarachary
authors.forename: Punna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramulu
authors.forename: Paruchuri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Udayasekhararao
authors.forename: Sangras
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bapurao
authors.forename: Krishnaswamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamala
authors.forename: Qadri
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Putcha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Udaykumar
authors.forename: Boindala
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sesikeran
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D060729:Coal Ash; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D012275:Oryza / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008903:Minerals; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water