title: The influence of EDDS on the metabolic and transcriptional responses induced by copper in hydroponically grown Brassica carinata seedlings.
abstract: To improve the knowledge about the use of plants for the removal of toxic metals from contaminated soils, metabolic and transcriptional responses of Brassica carinata to different forms of copper (Cu) were studied. Two-week-old hydroponically grown seedlings were exposed for 24 h to 30 μM CuSO₄ or CuEDDS. CuSO₄ appeared to be more toxic than CuEDDS as roots showed higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased relative leakage ratios (RLR), although the superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) activity increased following both exposures. In CuSO₄-exposed seedlings the higher toxicity was underlined by increased transcription of lipoxygenases (EC 1.13.11.12) and NADPH oxidases (EC 1.6.99.6) and by the higher Cu accumulation in both tissues compared to CuEDDS exposure. The presence of EDDS increased Cu translocation, which resulted 5-times higher than when exposed to CuSO₄. Decreases in catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities together with increases of reduced glutathione (GSH) and tocopherols and a reduction of lipoic acid (LA) were observed in roots of CuSO₄-exposed seedlings. On the contrary, CuEDDS exposure induced a general increase in enzyme activities and decreases in ascorbate (AsA) and tocopherol levels. In the primary leaves, in both exposures Cu differently affected the oxidative stress responses indicating that the cellular redox balance was anyway maintained. EDDS plays a crucial role in B. carinata tolerance to oxidative stress induced by Cu and might be proposed to improve the efficiency of Cu phytoextraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of Agricultural Plants, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. benedettacestone@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cestone
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuypers
authors.forename: Jaco
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vangronsveld
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sgherri
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Navari-Izzo
mesh_terms: D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001937:Brassica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D018527:Hydroponics; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005029:Ethylenediamines; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013386:Succinates; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C041447:N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid; D003300:Copper; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D058945:Lipoxygenases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols