title: Consensus statement: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition).
abstract: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) recommend that a standardized set of diagnostic characteristics be used to identify and document adult malnutrition in routine clinical practice. An etiologically based diagnostic nomenclature that incorporates a current understanding of the role of the inflammatory response on malnutrition's incidence, progression, and resolution is proposed. Universal use of a single set of diagnostic characteristics will facilitate malnutrition's recognition, contribute to more valid estimates of its prevalence and incidence, guide interventions, and influence expected outcomes. This standardized approach will also help to more accurately predict the human and financial burdens and costs associated with malnutrition's prevention and treatment and further ensure the provision of high-quality, cost-effective nutrition care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. jwhite13@uthsc.edu
authors.forename: Jane V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Peggi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guenter
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Ainsley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schofield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures / Q000592:standards; D004487:Edema; D002149:Energy Intake; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D015431:Weight Loss