title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of Achilles tendons in clubfeet before and after percutaneous tenotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the size of the Achilles tendons in congenital clubfeet using ultrasonography before and after percutaneous tenotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 boys and 12 girls (39 feet) aged one to 11 (mean, 5) months with idiopathic clubfeet underwent percutaneous tenotomy (Ponseti method). The size of each Achilles tendon was measured ultrasonographically by a single radiologist before and after surgery. In patients with unilateral clubfoot, the normal foot was used as a referent. Longitudinal scans assessed the echotexture, echogenicity, and continuity of the tendon. Transverse scans assessed the shape, echotexture, echogenicity, thickness, and width of the tendon. The size of the Achilles tendon was estimated as an elliptical area using the formula: pi(thickness)x(width)/4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before tenotomy, homogenous, hyperechoic, and linear continuous shadows were noted in longitudinal scans of both the normal and affected Achilles tendons. In transverse scans, the tendons were elliptical, homogenous, and echogenic in appearance. Four weeks after tenotomy, the tendons appeared as heterogeneous, linear continuous shadows with regular margins irrespective of patient age. There was decreased echogenicity in the treated foot. The transverse section of the tendons was elliptical with a heterogeneous echotexture that was predominantly hypoechoic. There was no significant difference in normal, unilateral, and bilateral tendons before and after tenotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study reasserts functional continuity of the Achilles tendons 4 weeks after tenotomy using clinical and ultrasonographic methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, CNBC, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India. rachna_anila@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Nadeem Akhtar
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Pawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography