title: Psychosocial correlates of continuous glucose monitoring use in youth and adults with type 1 diabetes and parents of youth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to improve glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia with consistent use. Youth, however, are unlikely to use CGM consistently. We compared psychological characteristics of youth with type 1 diabetes, their parents, and adults with type 1 diabetes randomized to CGM or standard blood glucose monitoring (BGM). This study was an ancillary study, and participants completed the questionnaires at the 6-month visit of the main study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants enrolled at a single site of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation CGM trial completed questionnaires and provided diabetes management data. Participants were randomized to the CGM or BGM group for 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents in both groups reported more fear of hypoglycemia than youth in the corresponding groups. CGM youth and parents reported more negative affect around BGM than those in the BGM group. CGM youth reported more trait anxiety than BGM youth, whereas CGM adults reported less state and trait anxiety than BGM adults. CGM parent-proxy report of depression was significantly higher than that reported by BGM parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Youth, their parents, and adults report different psychological impacts of CGM use. In some groups and with some variables, CGM use was associated with a positive psychosocial impact, whereas in others CGM use was associated with a negative psychosocial impact. Future research should explore the psychological consequences of CGM use.
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Volkening
authors.forename: Lori M B
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Laffel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human