title: Direct observation of charge ordering in magnetite using resonant multiwave x-ray diffraction.
abstract: Charge disproportion at octahedral Fe sites in magnetite was observed at low temperature using two inversion-symmetry related three-wave resonant x-ray diffraction, 022-311 and 002-̅3̅1, near the iron K edge. Both of the three-wave cases involve the (002) forbidden-weak reflection. The self-normalized three-wave to two-wave (002) diffraction intensity ratio automatically cancels the self-absorption effect and leads to direct determination of charge disproportion for magnetite below 120 K. This approach provides a more direct and effective way for extracting charge-ordering information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shih-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Yen-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheng-Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Yun-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.forename: Shih-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chang