title: Hemoglobin adducts as a measure of variations in exposure to acrylamide in food and comparison to questionnaire data.
abstract: Measurement of haemoglobin (Hb) adducts from acrylamide (AA) and its metabolite glycidamide (GA) is a possibility to improve the exposure assessment in epidemiological studies of AA intake from food. This study aims to clarify the reliability of Hb-adduct measurement from individual single samples for exposure assessment of dietary AA intake. The intra-individual variations of AA- and GA-adduct levels measured in blood samples collected over 20 months from 13 non-smokers were up to 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively. The corresponding interindividual variations observed between 68 non-smokers, with large differences in AA intake, were 6-fold and 8-fold, respectively. The intra-individual variation of the GA-to-AA-adduct level ratio was up to 3-fold, compared to 11-fold between individuals (n = 68). From AA-adduct levels the average AA daily intake (n = 68) was calculated and compared to that estimated from dietary history methodology: 0.52 and 0.67 μg/kg body weight and day, respectively. At an individual level the measures showed low association (Rs = 0.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary AA is the dominating source to measured AA-adduct levels and corresponding inter- and intra-individual variations in non-smokers. Measurements from single individual samples are useful for calculation of average AA intake and its variation in a cohort, and for identification of individuals only from extreme intake groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry Unit, Stockholm University, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vikström
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warholm
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paulsson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Axmon
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirfält
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Törnqvist
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D020106:Acrylamide