title: Clustered dynamics of inhibitory synapses and dendritic spines in the adult neocortex.
abstract: A key feature of the mammalian brain is its capacity to adapt in response to experience, in part by remodeling of synaptic connections between neurons. Excitatory synapse rearrangements have been monitored in vivo by observation of dendritic spine dynamics, but lack of a vital marker for inhibitory synapses has precluded their observation. Here, we simultaneously monitor in vivo inhibitory synapse and dendritic spine dynamics across the entire dendritic arbor of pyramidal neurons in the adult mammalian cortex using large-volume, high-resolution dual-color two-photon microscopy. We find that inhibitory synapses on dendritic shafts and spines differ in their distribution across the arbor and in their remodeling kinetics during normal and altered sensory experience. Further, we find inhibitory synapse and dendritic spine remodeling to be spatially clustered and that clustering is influenced by sensory input. Our findings provide in vivo evidence for local coordination of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic rearrangements.
authors.affiliation: Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Jae Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Peter T C
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Elly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nedivi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018274:Electroporation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D007839:Functional Laterality; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008954:Models, Biological; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C073441:gephyrin