title: Three-year safety and effectiveness of fixed-dose losartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in Japanese patients with hypertension under clinical setting (PALM-1 Extension Study).
abstract: Concerns about metabolic complications often disturb prolonged use of diuretics in Japan. We investigated 3-year safety and efficacy in Japanese patients with hypertension who were uncontrolled with angiotensin receptor blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor regimens and then switched to losartan (50 mg)/hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg; HCTZ) combinations. Blood pressure decreased favorably and maintained a steady state for 3 years (157 ± 16/88 ± 11 mm Hg to 132 ± 13/75 ± 9 mm Hg, P < .0001). Metabolic parameters maintained a limited range of changes after 3 years, and adverse events were markedly decreased after 1-year treatment. The losartan/HCTZ combination minimized diuretic-related adverse effects and thus may be useful for the treatment of Japanese patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan. t-kita@po.sphere.ne.jp
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichiki
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ayabe
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Etoh
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tanenao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019808:Losartan / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D004338:Drug Combinations; C505809:hydrochlorothiazide, losartan drug combination; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D019808:Losartan