title: Discontinuation of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies: a single-center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Historically, it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUS biopsy) of patients receiving anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. However, the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy without additional morbidity. We assessed our experience regarding the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during TRUS biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 91 and 98 patients were included in the anticoagulation/antiplatelet (group I) and control (group II) groups, respectively. Group I subgroups consisted of patients on monotherapy or dual therapy of aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, or low molecular weight heparin. The TRUS biopsy technique was standardized to 12 cores from the peripheral zones. Patients completed a questionnaire over the 7 days following TRUS biopsy. The questionnaire was designed to assess the presence of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia. Development of rectal pain, fever, and emergency hospital admissions following TRUS biopsy were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients' mean age was 65 years (range, 52 to 74 years) and 63.5 years (range, 54 to 74 years) in groups I and II, respectively. The overall incidence of hematuria was 46% in group I compared with 63% in group II (p=0.018). The incidence of hematospermia was 6% and 10% in groups I and II, respectively. The incidence of rectal bleeding was similar in group I (40%) and group II (39%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using Fisher exact test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were fewer hematuria episodes in anticoagulation/antiplatelet patients. This study suggests that it is not necessary to discontinue anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment before TRUS biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. omerraheem@gmail.com
authors.forename: Omer A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Raheem
authors.forename: Rowan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Galvin
authors.forename: Rustom P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Manecksha
authors.forename: Haradikar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Varadaraj
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lynch