title: Do edible oils reduce bacterial colonization of enamel in situ?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Edible oils are an empiric approach for the prevention of oral diseases. The present in situ study investigated the effect of edible oils on initial bacterial colonization of enamel surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial biofilm formation was performed on enamel specimens mounted on maxillary splints and carried by eight subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation, rinses with safflower oil, olive oil and linseed oil were performed for 10 min. Application of chlorhexidine for 1 min served as positive control. Afterwards, the slabs were carried for 8 h overnight. Samples carried for 8 h without any rinse served as negative controls. The amount of adherent bacteria was determined by DAPI staining (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and live-dead staining (BacLight). Additionally, determination of colony forming units was performed after desorption of the bacteria. TEM evaluation was carried out after application of the rinses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of adherent bacteria on control samples was 6.1 ± 8.1 × 10(5)/cm(2) after 8 h (DAPI). Fluorescence microscopic data from DAPI staining and live-dead staining as well as from the determination of CFU revealed no significant effects of rinsing with oils on the amount of adherent bacteria compared to the non-rinsed control samples. However, with chlorhexidine a significant reduction in the number of bacteria by more than 85 % was achieved (DAPI, chlorhexidine: 8.2 ± 17.1 × 10(4)/cm(2)). The ratio of viable to dead bacteria was almost equal (1:1) irrespective of the rinse adopted as recorded with BacLight. TEM indicated accumulation of oil micelles at the pellicle's surface and modification of its ultrastructure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rinses with edible oils have no significant impact on the initial pattern and amount of bacterial colonization on enamel over 8 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rinses with edible oils cannot be recommended for efficient reduction of oral biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. christian.hannig@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmad
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kensche
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kümmerer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003208:Concanavalin A; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000382:microbiology*; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000187:drug effects; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005936:Glucans / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007211:Indoles; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D031658:Olea; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005936:Glucans; D007211:Indoles; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D003208:Concanavalin A; C007293:DAPI; D012450:Safflower Oil; D008043:Linseed Oil; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine