title: Memory aging and brain maintenance.
abstract: Episodic memory and working memory decline with advancing age. Nevertheless, large-scale population-based studies document well-preserved memory functioning in some older individuals. The influential ‘reserve’ notion holds that individual differences in brain characteristics or in the manner people process tasks allow some individuals to cope better than others with brain pathology and hence show preserved memory performance. Here, we discuss a complementary concept, that of brain maintenance (or relative lack of brain pathology), and argue that it constitutes the primary determinant of successful memory aging. We discuss evidence for brain maintenance at different levels: cellular, neurochemical, gray- and white-matter integrity, and systems-level activation patterns. Various genetic and lifestyle factors support brain maintenance in aging and interventions may be designed to promote maintenance of brain structure and function in late life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Lars.Nyberg@diagrad.umu.se
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lövdén
authors.forename: Katrine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riklund
authors.forename: Ulman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindenberger
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bäckman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059906:Neuroimaging