title: Ethical challenge: when clinicians act as surrogates for unrepresented patients.
authors.affiliation: Program on Ethics and Decision Making in Critical Illness, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. whitedb@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonsen
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003657:Decision Making; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000941:ethics*; D010344:Patient Advocacy / Q000941:ethics*; D011639:Public Opinion; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000941:ethics*; D035502:Trust