title: B-type natriuretic peptide as an independent correlate of nocturnal voiding in Japanese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether objective cardiovascular parameters have an independent association with nocturnal voiding in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two parameters derived from questionnaires, and anthropometric, physiological and biochemical measures of 5,980 women were applied for analysis. Nocturnal voiding was assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score. We measured variables including previously reported correlates of nocturnal voiding, such as age, a history of hypertension, and a history of diabetes, as well as those focusing on cardiovascular function, such as the cardio-ankle vascular index, the augmentation index, the ankle-brachial index, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age [odds ratio (OR): 1.058, P < 0.001], length of sleep (OR: 1.194, P < 0.001), sleeplessness (OR: 2.841, P < 0.001), urgency (OR: 1.528, P < 0.001), log(BNP) (OR: 2.031, P < 0.001), waist circumference (OR: 1.037, P = 0.002), body mass index (OR: 0.935, P = 0.007), menopause (OR: 1.503, P = 0.043), and history of hypertension (OR: 1.225, P = 0.029) were independently associated with nocturnal voiding ≥2 times. Age (β = 0.256, P < 0.001), urgency (β = 0.195, P < 0.001), sleeplessness (β = 0.181, P < 0.001), length of sleep (β = 0.088, P < 0.001), log(BNP) (β = 0.072, P < 0.001), waist circumference (β = 0.086, P < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (β = -0.038, P = 0.003) were significantly correlated with the severity of nocturnal voiding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma BNP, which represents cardiac load, is strongly associated with the prevalence and severity of nocturnal voiding in Japanese women, as well as previously known correlates including age, urgency, quality and quantity of sleep, and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. ky7527@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D053158:Nocturia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002097:C-Reactive Protein