title: Mild traumatic brain injury: lessons learned from clinical, sports, and combat concussions.
abstract: Over the past forty years, a tremendous amount of information has been gained on the mechanisms and consequences of mild traumatic brain injuries. Using sports as a laboratory to study this phenomenon, a natural recovery curve emerged, along with standards for managing concussions and returning athletes back to play. Although advances have been made in this area, investigation into recovery and return to play continues. With the increase in combat-related traumatic brain injuries in the military setting, lessons learned from sports concussion research are being applied by the Department of Defense to the assessment of blast concussions and return to duty decision making. Concussion management and treatment for military personnel can be complicated by additional combat related stressors not present in the civilian environment. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the interventions that has been successful in treating symptoms of postconcussion syndrome. While we are beginning to have an understanding of the impact of multiple concussions and subconcussive blows in the sports world, much is still unknown about the impact of multiple blast injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Judy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Efland H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Amerson
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Barth