title: Conceptualizing neighborhood space: consistency and variation of associations for neighborhood factors and pregnancy health across multiple neighborhood units.
abstract: The purpose of this research was to assess the consistency of associations between neighborhood characteristics and pregnancy-related behaviors and outcomes across four nested neighborhood boundaries using race-stratified fixed-slope random-intercept multilevel logistic models. High incivilities was associated with increased smoking, inadequate weight gain and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), while walkability was associated with decreased smoking and PIH for white women across all neighborhood definitions. For African American women, high incivilities was associated with increased smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain, while more walkable neighborhoods appeared protective against smoking and inadequate weight gain in all but the smallest neighborhoods. Associations with neighborhood attributes were similar in effect size across geographies, but less precise as neighborhoods became smaller.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, 2812 Erwin Rd, Suite 403, Durham NC 27705, USA. lynne.messer@duke.edu
authors.forename: Lynne C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vinikoor-Imler
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Laraia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015430:Weight Gain; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult