title: Quality of life and depression in multiple sclerosis patients: longitudinal results of the BetaPlus study.
abstract: Enhancing quality of life (QoL) is an important objective of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS). Strategies to substantiate the effect on QoL and depression have been suggested, including injection devices and nursing support. This study assesses QoL and depression in MS patients treated with interferon beta-1b (IFNB-1b) and evaluates the impact of different elements of a patient support programme and of coping strategies on QoL and depression. A prospective, observational, 2-year cohort study was conducted. MS patients were eligible if they had previously switched to IFNB-1b. Data were collected every 6 months. For the measurement of QoL the Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS) was used. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); coping strategies were assessed using the 66-item version of Ways of Coping Questionnaire. A total of 1,077 patients were recruited into the study. Seven hundred (65 %) patients completed the study. Within the subgroup completing questionnaires on QoL (N = 472) and depression (N = 363), QoL increased (110.4 vs. 115.8, p < 0.001), and the proportion of depressed patients decreased from 53.7 to 43.3 % (p < 0.001). Modelling QoL and depressions, the use of the autoinjector Betaject(®) over time showed a positive association with QoL (p = 0.049). The support from a nurse was positively associated with lower depressive symptoms (p = 0.039). The coping strategies 'planful problem-solving' and 'positive reappraisal' were associated with higher QoL and lower depressive symptoms. Patients on IFNB-1b treatment who were included in the patient support programme and completed the study showed an improvement in QoL. Moreover, compared to baseline the proportion of depressive patients decreased. Coping strategies as well as supportive elements such as autoinjectors and nurses had a significant impact on QoL and depression. However, the study had the general limitations of a non-controlled design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, S. Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy. carlo.pozzilli@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schweikert
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ecari
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oentrich
authors.forename: Jörg-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bugge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012646:Self Administration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta