title: 11-Oxoaerothionin isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina fistularis shows anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
abstract: Marine sponges of the order Verongida are a rich source of biologically active bromotyrosine-derived secondary metabolites. However, none of these compounds are known to display anti-inflammatory activity. In the present investigation, we report the anti-inflammatory effects of 11-oxoaerothionin isolated from the Verongida sponge Aplysina fistularis. When RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages were preincubated with 11-oxoaerothionin and stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide), a concentration-dependent inhibition of iNOS(inducible nitric oxide synthase) protein and NO(2)(-) (Nitrite) production were observed. The same effect was observed when proinflammatory cytokines and PGE(2) (Prostaglandin E2) production was evaluated. In summary, we demonstrated that in the presence of LPS, 11-oxoaerothionin suppresses NO(2) and iNOS expression as well as inflammatory cytokines and PGE(2).
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filhoâ, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Araraquara, Brazil. medeirosai@fcfar.unesp.br
authors.forename: Alexandra Ivo
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
authors.forename: Renata C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gandolfi
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Secatto
authors.forename: Romulo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Falcucci
authors.forename: Lucia H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Faccioli
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hajdu
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peixinho
authors.forename: Roberto G S
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Berlinck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D010080:Oxazoles; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C077375:11-oxoaerothionin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D015232:Dinoprostone