title: Integration of digital gross pathology images for enterprise-wide access.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sharing digital pathology images for enterprise- wide use into a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is not yet widely adopted. We share our solution and 3-year experience of transmitting such images to an enterprise image server (EIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gross pathology images acquired by prosectors were integrated with clinical cases into the laboratory information system's image management module, and stored in JPEG2000 format on a networked image server. Automated daily searches for cases with gross images were used to compile an ASCII text file that was forwarded to a separate institutional Enterprise Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Wrapper (EDW) server. Concurrently, an HL7-based image order for these cases was generated, containing the locations of images and patient data, and forwarded to the EDW, which combined data in these locations to generate images with patient data, as required by DICOM standards. The image and data were then "wrapped" according to DICOM standards, transferred to the PACS servers, and made accessible on an institution-wide basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 26,966 gross images from 9,733 cases were transmitted over the 3-year period from the laboratory information system to the EIS. The average process time for cases with successful automatic uploads (n=9,688) to the EIS was 98 seconds. Only 45 cases (0.5%) failed requiring manual intervention. Uploaded images were immediately available to institution- wide PACS users. Since inception, user feedback has been positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enterprise- wide PACS- based sharing of pathology images is feasible, provides useful services to clinical staff, and utilizes existing information system and telecommunications infrastructure. PACS-shared pathology images, however, require a "DICOM wrapper" for multisystem compatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Milon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Anil V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Parwani
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kolowitz
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.forename: Rasu B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Gonzalo Romero
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.forename: Liron
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pantanowitz