title: Visualization of blood drainage area from hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma on ultrasonographic images during hepatic arteriogram: Comparison with depiction of drainage area on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Corona enhancement is the visualized drainage area from a hypervascular tumor observed on single-level dynamic computed tomography during hepatic arteriography (CTHA) and is thought to be a high-risk area for micrometastases. However, because it cannot be visualized with ordinary ultrasonography (US), we aimed to visualize corona enhancement on US by means of arterial injection of the contrast material and to measure its thickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases were prospectively investigated. US during hepatic arteriography (USHA) was executed by means of selective injection of the contrast material perfluorobutane (Sonazoid) from the hepatic artery. Ordinary contrast-enhanced US with venous administration of contrast material and single-level dynamic CTHA were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corona enhancement was observed in 36 cases (88%) on USHA and in 25 cases (61%) on single-level dynamic CTHA. The thickness of corona enhancement of 36 cases visualized with USHA ranged 3.1-18.4 mm and the mean thickness ± standard deviation was 6.0 ± 3.0 mm. Thickness of corona enhancement was less than 10.0 mm in 34 cases (94%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corona enhancement could be visualized even on US images, and the average thickness of them was 6 mm.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology             Angiography             Ultrasonographics, Osaka Red Cross Hospital             Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka             Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: Toshikatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osaki