title: Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: A Lesson from Genetically Manipulated Mouse Models of α-Synucleinopathies.
abstract: Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic process that is associated with alteration of glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia. However, the precise mechanisms remain obscure. To better understand neuroinflammation in PD, we focused on glial activation in α-synuclein (αS) transgenic and related model mice. In the majority of αS transgenic mice, astrogliosis was observed concomitantly with accumulation of αS during the early stage of neurodegeneration. However, microglia were not extensively activated unless the mice were treated with lipopolysaccharides or through further genetic modification of other molecules, including familial PD risk factors. Thus, the results in αS transgenic mice and related model mice are consistent with the idea that neuroinflammation in PD is a double-edged sword that is protective in the early stage of neurodegeneration but becomes detrimental with disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekiyama
authors.forename: Shuei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugama
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekigawa
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waragai
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenouchi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto