title: Bidirectional attack on the actin cytoskeleton. Bacterial protein toxins causing polymerization or depolymerization of actin.
abstract: The actin cytoskeleton is one of the major targets of bacterial protein toxins. The family of binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins, including Clostridium difficile transferase CDT, Clostridium perfringens iota toxin and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, modifies arginine-177 of actin. Thereby actin polymerization is blocked. By contrast, actin polymerization is facilitated by the tripartite Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex including TccC3, which modifies actin at threonine-148. The review discusses both toxin families in respect to recent findings.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. klaus.aktories@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aktories
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papatheodorou
authors.forename: Alexander E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry*; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000378:metabolism*; D020637:Photorhabdus / Q000378:metabolism*; D058105:Polymerization; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014166:Transferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C050737:iota toxin, Clostridium perfringens; D001120:Arginine; D014166:Transferases; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; C096324:botulinum toxin type C