title: Pain in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence and characteristics of pain are not known in COPD patients. The purposes of this study were to determine if pain is more common in COPD patients than in healthy people and if it was related to self-reported physical activity, health related quality of life (HRQoL) and comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants returned a mailed survey package that contained: 1) McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) to evaluate pain severity and how pain interferes with activities; 2) Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) to evaluate fear of movement related to pain; 3) Short Form-36 (SF-36), to measure HRQoL; 4) Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) to evaluate physical activity; 5) a form to list medications and comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven COPD patients and 47 age- and gender-matched healthy people responded. People with COPD demonstrated more pain (MPQ and BPI, p = 0.000), a greater pain-related interference in their lives (BPI, p = 0.000), a higher pain-related fear of movement, and lower frequency and energy expenditure of physical activities (CHAMPS, p = 0.000) than healthy people (TSK, p < 0.001). Pain severity (MPQ and BPI) was indirectly correlated to the Physical Component Score of the SF-36. COPD patients identified pain in the neck and trunk 3.1 times more often than healthy people. The number of comorbidities was the most consistent independent correlate of pain in COPD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COPD patients demonstrate more pain which interferes with activities more so than healthy people of similar age. Pain is also negatively associated with HRQoL in COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Muscle Biophysics Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3. baharehg@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Bahareh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: HajGhanbari
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holsti
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Road
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Darlene Reid
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires