title: Bactericidal effect of hydrolysable and condensed tannin extracts on Campylobacter jejuni in vitro.
abstract: Strategies are sought to reduce intestinal colonisation of food-producing animals by Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness worldwide. Presently, we tested the antimicrobial activity of hydrolysable-rich blackberry, cranberry and chestnut tannin extracts and condensed tannin-rich mimosa, quebracho and sorghum tannins (each at 100 mg/mL) against C. jejuni via disc diffusion assay in the presence of supplemental casamino acids. We found that when compared to non-tannin-treated controls, all tested tannins inhibited the growth of C. jejuni and that inhibition by the condensed tannin-rich mimosa and quebracho extracts was mitigated in nutrient-limited medium supplemented with casamino acids. When tested in broth culture, both chestnut and mimosa extracts inhibited growth of C. jejuni and this inhibition was much greater in nutrient-limited than in full-strength medium. Consistent with observations from the disc diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of the condensed tannin-rich mimosa extracts but not the hydrolysable tannin-rich chestnut extracts was mitigated by casamino acid supplementation to the nutrient-limited medium, likely because the added amino acids saturated the binding potential of the condensed tannins. These results demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of various hydrolysable and condensed tannin-rich extracts against C. jejuni and reveal that condensed tannins may be less efficient than hydrolysable tannins in controlling C. jejuni in gut environments containing high concentrations of amino acids and soluble proteins.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Robin.Anderson@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Maša
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vodovnik
authors.forename: Byeng R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pinchak
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
mesh_terms: D031319:Aesculus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins