title: Increase in brown adipose tissue activity after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stimulation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target to treat obesity. We earlier demonstrated that BAT activity is relatively low in obese subjects. It is unknown whether BAT can be recruited in adult humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the dynamics of BAT, we observed BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects before and after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten morbidly obese subjects eligible for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery were studied before and 1 yr after bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was BAT activity, as determined after acute cold stimulation using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery, only two of 10 subjects showed active BAT. One year after surgery, the number of subjects with active BAT was increased to five. After weight loss, BAT-positive subjects had significantly higher nonshivering thermogenesis compared with BAT-negative subjects (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that in humans BAT can be recruited in the regions in which it was also reported in lean subjects before. These results for the first time show recruitment of BAT in humans and may open the door for BAT-targeted treatments of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. g.vijgen@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors.forename: G H E J
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Vijgen
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Bouvy
authors.forename: G J J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Teule
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoeks
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: van Marken Lichtenbelt
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18