title: Judging cheaters: is substance misuse viewed similarly in the athletic and academic domains?
abstract: The present study examines how individuals judge others who use performance-enhancing drugs in two different domains--the athletic domain and the academic domain. Approximately 1,200 males in their freshman year of college completed a questionnaire that included two scenarios. One scenario described an athlete who misused anabolic steroids to help him succeed at a sporting event. The other described a college student who misused Adderall to help him succeed on his midterm exams. Participants rated the extent to which they thought the target had cheated and the extent to which they felt the substances were necessary for success. Results showed participants believed the athlete was more of a cheater than the student, and this difference got larger as past prescription stimulant misuse increased. Results also demonstrated that participants felt Adderall was more necessary than anabolic steroids for bringing about success. Contributions to the literature on zero-sum and non-zero-sum domains are discussed. Implications for future research and efforts to prevent substance misuse are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. tdodge@gwu.edu
authors.forename: Tonya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Miesha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzell
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turrisi
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000662:Amphetamines; D001290:Attitude; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D008192:Deception; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D008873:Mid-Atlantic Region; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C090411:Adderall; D000662:Amphetamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D013739:Testosterone