title: Shared medical decision-making: considering what options to present based on an ethical analysis of the treatment of brain tumors in very young children.
abstract: The treatment of brain tumors in very young children poses both a therapeutic challenge and a bioethical quandary. The administration of craniospinal radiation after surgery offers the greatest chance for cure but causes severe neurocognitive damage. As a result, current practice does not offer parents the option of full-dose postoperative craniospinal radiation. Some may regard this approach as inappropriate medical paternalism, while others may consider it an example of responsible therapeutics. Evaluation of this dilemma reveals principles which can guide clinicians in determining which treatment options to present to their patients or surrogates, in the context of shared medical decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioethics, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins Pediatric Oncology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. deenamd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Deena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wendler
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D026706:Paternalism / Q000941:ethics*; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*