title: Serum and urine acute kidney injury biomarkers in asphyxiated neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated serum (s) cystatin C (CysC) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and urine (u) CysC, NGAL and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as markers of acute kidney injury (AKI) in asphyxiated neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  AKI biomarkers were measured in 13 asphyxiated neonates born at ≥ 36 weeks gestational age (eight with AKI and five without AKI) and 22 controls. AKI was defined as serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl for >24 h or rising values >0.3 mg/dl from day of life (DOL) 1. Biomarkers were measured on DOL 1, 3, and 10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asphyxiated neonates had significantly higher sCysC on DOL 1 as well as sNGAL and uCysC and uNGAL (standardized to urine creatinine and absolute values) than controls at all time points. Compared to controls, significantly higher sNGAL, uCysC, and uNGAL values were observed in the asphyxia-AKI and asphyxia-no AKI subgroups. Regarding uKIM-1, only the absolute values were significantly higher in asphyxiated neonates (DOL 10). sNGAL, uCyst, and uNGAL had a significant diagnostic performance as predictors AKI on DOL 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sNGAL, uCysC, and uNGAL are sensitive, early AKI biomarkers, increasing significantly in asphyxiated neonates even in those not fulfilling AKI criteria. Their measurement on DOL 1 is predictive of post-asphyxia-AKI.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Neonatology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Kostantinoupoleos 49, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece. saraf@med.auth.gr
authors.forename: Kosmas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarafidis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsepkentzi
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agakidou
authors.forename: Elisavet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diamanti
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taparkou
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soubasi
authors.forename: Fotios
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papachristou
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Drossou
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins