title: Ganglioneuroma of the adrenal gland and retroperitoneum: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ganglioneuromas are benign tumors of the sympathetic nervous system that rarely arise in the adrenal gland. Majority of cases are detected incidentally since they are usually asymptomatic. Up to the current era of laparoscopic adrenal mass excision, this unusual entity has not been adequately reported in the surgical literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 51 year old male with history of hypertension was found to have abdominal bruit during a regular physical examination. A 4 cm right adrenal mass with upper pole calcification and a 6 cm retro-pancreatic mass were subsequently found on a computed tomography scan. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was indeterminate. Preoperative endocrine evaluation showed mildly elevated vanillyl mandelic acid with normal 24-hour cathecolamine, metanephrine and cortisol levels. Histopathologic examination after an uneventful laparoscopic excision was consistent with ganglioneuroma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ganglioneuroma occurs rarely in adrenal gland and preoperative diagnosis is difficult since symptoms are usually nonspecific. Due to widespread utilization of abdominal imaging, however, it should be included in differential diagnosis of adrenal or retroperitoneal mass. Histopathologic examination is currently the mainstay of diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, PA., USA.
authors.forename: Iswanto
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sucandy
authors.forename: Yasir M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Akmal
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Sheldon