title: Antegrade interlocking nailing for distal femoral fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess outcomes of antegrade interlocking nailing for supracondylar or intercondylar fractures of the distal femur.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 10 women and 20 men aged 20 to 70 (mean, 48.7) years who underwent antegrade interlocking nailing for distal femoral fractures were reviewed. 23 patients had closed fractures and 7 had open fractures; 6 had associated fractures of the forearm or tibia. According to the AO/ASIF system, fractures were classified as types A1 (n=13), A2 (n=6), A3 (n=3), and C1 (n=8). The affected leg was put in an extension shoe for traction, and reduction was achieved with the help of percutaneous lag screws. The nail was inserted from the tip of the greater trochanter and centred in both anteroposterior and lateral planes. The nail was modified to have 3 screw slots in the mediolateral plane and one screw slot in the anteroposterior plane distally for stability in multiple directions. Postoperatively early mobilisation and partial weight bearing were allowed. Patients were assessed using the modified knee-rating scale of the Hospital for Special Surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time to bone union was 13.1 (range, 10-18) weeks. The mean follow-up period was 18.8 (range, 11-30) months. Three patients were lost to follow-up; outcomes in the remaining patients were excellent in 20 and good in 7. The mean range of knee flexion was 106 (range, 90-120) degrees. One patient developed a flexion deformity of 10 degrees. All patients attained full quadriceps strength. No patient had ligamentous instability, nerve injuries, superficial or deep infections, or implant failure. Three patients had malunion, which was located in the meta-diaphyseal segment and not in the intraarticular segment. Hence, there was no functional problem or shortening. The mechanical axis was not deviated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antegrade interlocking nailing achieved good-to-excellent outcomes for distal femoral fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Swasthiyog Pratishthan, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. drsunil.kulkarni@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sunil Govind
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varshneya
authors.forename: Govind Shivram
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Milind Govind
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Vidisha Sunil
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Ruta Milind
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001858:Bone Nails; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult