title: Analytical methods for the detection of viruses in food by example of CCL-3 bioagents.
abstract: This critical review presents challenges and strategies in the detection of viral contaminants in food products. Adenovirus, caliciviruses, enteroviruses, and hepatitis A are emerging contaminant viruses. These viruses contaminate a variety of food products, including fruits, vegetables, shellfish, and ready-to-eat processed foods. The diversity of targets and sample matrices presents unique challenges to virus monitoring that have been addressed by a wide array of processing and detection methods. This review covers sample acquisition and handling, virus recovery/concentration, and the determination of targets using molecular biology and mass-spectrometric approaches. The concentration methods discussed include precipitation, antibody-based concentration, and filtration; the detection methods discussed include microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, and mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: The Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85006-5701, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: R U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Halden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005502:Food / Q000821:virology*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D021161:Self-Sustained Sequence Replication / Q000379:methods; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*