title: Gustilo IIIC fractures in the lower limb: our 15-year experience.
abstract: Controversy continues to surround the management of patients with an open fracture of the lower limb and an associated vascular injury (Gustilo type IIIC). This study reports our 15-year experience with these fractures and their outcome in 18 patients (15 male and three female). Their mean age was 30.7 years (8 to 54) and mean Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) at presentation was 6.9 (3 to 10). A total of 15 lower limbs were salvaged and three underwent amputation (two immediate and one delayed). Four patients underwent stabilisation of the fracture by external fixation and 12 with an internal device. A total of 11 patients had damage to multiple arteries and eight had a vein graft. Wound cover was achieved with a pedicled flap in three and a free flap in six. Seven patients developed a wound infection and four developed nonunion requiring further surgery. At a mean follow-up of five years (4.1 to 6.6) the mean visual analogue scale for pain was 64 (10 to 90). Depression and anxiety were common. Activities were limited mainly because of pain, and the MESS was a valid predictor of the functional outcome. Distal tibial fractures had an increased rate of nonunion when associated with posterior tibial artery damage, and seven patients (39%) were not able to return to their previous occupation.
authors.affiliation: Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tzafetta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D002648:Child; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult