title: Influence of massage, active and passive recovery on swimming performance and blood lactate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recovery is an important part of athletic training. The aim of this study was to evaluate influences of three methods of recovery including massage, active and passive recovery on blood lactate concentration and subsequent swimming performance of elite swimmers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen professional male swimmers (age:21± 2.4 years, height: 175.35±9.1 cm, weight: 67.66± 11.88 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. Two Swimming trials performed in every session which involved 200 m of front crawl swimming with maximal effort separated by ten minutes interval (recovery) period. Statistical method of repeated measures was used for analysis of data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant difference in blood lactate after three types of recovery (P<0.05). Significant difference was observed between passive and active (P=0.001), passive and massage (P=0.031) and active and massage (P=0.001). Blood lactate decreased after active, massage and passive recovery (blood lactate mean ± SD: 5.72±1.44, 7.10±1.27, 10.94±2.05 mmol/L, respectively). A significant difference was observed between performance time after three type of delivery (P=0.001, F=2.238). Significant differences was observed between passive and active recovery (P=0.003), passive and massage (P=0.001), but no significant difference was observed between performance time after active and massage recovery (P=1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the results indicated that active recovery was more effective than massage and massage was more effective compared to passive recovery in removing blood lactate. Active and massage recovery were more effective in improving swimming performance than passive recovery.
authors.affiliation: International division, Shiraz University, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali Rasooli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koushkie Jahromi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asadmanesh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salesi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid