title: β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, China.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chaowei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mingguo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005874:Gibberella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001467:Hordeum / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014404:Tubulin