title: Dermal application of nitric oxide in vivo: kinetics, biological responses, and therapeutic potential in humans.
abstract: Many local hemodynamic and vascular disorders may be the result of impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Previous findings point to a therapeutic potential of dermal NO application in the treatment of hemodynamic disorders, but no reliable data are available on the mechanisms, kinetics, or biological responses relating to cutaneous exposure to NO in humans in vivo. Here we show that, owing to its excellent diffusion capacity, cutaneously applied NO rapidly penetrates the epidermal barrier in significant amounts, strongly enriching skin tissue and blood plasma with its vasoactive derivates. In parallel, it significantly increased vasodilatation and blood flow and reduced thrombocyte aggregation capacity. Data presented here for the first time show that, in humans, dermal application of NO has strong potential for use in the therapy of local hemodynamic disorders arising from insufficient availability of NO or its bioactive derivates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burn Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Opländer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Römer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paunel-Görgülü
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: van Faassen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mürtz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grieb
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pallua
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Suschek
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D001760:Bleeding Time; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009824:Ointments; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000098:blood supply; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009824:Ointments; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008706:Methemoglobin