title: Synergistic and additive effects of modified citrus pectin with two polybotanical compounds, in the suppression of invasive behavior of human breast and prostate cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of a known galectin-3 inhibitor, PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin (MCP), and 2 novel integrative polybotanical compounds for breast and prostate health, BreastDefend (BD) and ProstaCaid (PC), on invasive behavior in human breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of MCP and BD and of MCP and PC on invasiveness was assessed by cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell invasion assays. Secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was determined by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although low concentrations of MCP (0.25-1.0 mg/mL) do not suppress cell adhesion of breast or prostate cancer cells, the combination of MCP with BD or PC synergistically inhibits adhesion of these cells. Dose-dependent inhibition of breast and prostate cancer cell migration by MCP (0.25-1.0 mg/mL) is synergistically enhanced by BD (20 µg/mL) and PC (10 µg/mL), respectively. BD or PC did not further inhibit the invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells by MCP; however, the combination of MCP with BD or PC suppressed secretion of uPA from breast and prostate cancer cells, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of MCP with BD and of MCP with PC synergistically inhibits the metastatic phenotypes of human breast and prostate cancer cells, respectively. Further studies confirming these observations in animal models of breast and prostate cancer metastasis are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eliaz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sliva
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002957:Citrus; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D055048:Integrative Medicine / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010368:Pectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D010936:Plant Extracts; C573121:ProstaCaid; D010368:Pectins; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator