title: Biochemical and molecular characterization of high population density bacteria isolated from sunflower.
abstract: Natural and beneficial associations between plants and bacteria have demonstrated potential commercial application for several agricultural crops. The sunflower has acquired increasing importance in Brazilian agribusiness owing to its agronomic characteristics such as the tolerance to edaphoclimatic variations, resistance to pests and diseases, and adaptation to the implements commonly used for maize and soybean, as well as the versatility of the products and by-products obtained from its cultivation. A study of the cultivable bacteria associated with two sunflower cultivars, using classical microbiological methods, successfully obtained isolates from different plant tissues (roots, stems, florets, and rhizosphere). Out of 57 plantgrowth- promoting isolates obtained, 45 were identified at the genus level and phylogenetically positioned based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: 42 Bacillus (B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium, and Bacillus sp.) and 3 Methylobacterium komagatae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed a broad diversity among the Bacillus isolates, which clustered into 2 groups with 75% similarity and 13 subgroups with 85% similarity, suggesting that the genetic distance correlated with the source of isolation. The isolates were also analyzed for certain growth-promoting activities. Auxin synthesis was widely distributed among the isolates, with values ranging from 93.34 to 1653.37 microM auxin per microng of protein. The phosphate solubilization index ranged from 1.25 to 3.89, and siderophore index varied from 1.15 to 5.25. From a total of 57 isolates, 3 showed an ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen, and 7 showed antagonism against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results of biochemical characterization allowed identification of potential candidates for the development of biofertilizers targeted to the sunflower crop.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr-445, Km 380, Campus Universitario, Cx. Postal 6001, CEP 86051-980 Londrina, Parana, Brasil.
authors.forename: Kelly Campos
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Guerra Pinheiro de Goes
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Castro Fisher
authors.forename: Alexandre José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cattelan
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Claudio Guilherme
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Portela de Carvalho
authors.forename: Andre Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Martinez de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006368:Helianthus / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018514:Plant Structures; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S