title: Course of comorbid anxiety disorders among adults with bipolar disorder in the U.S. population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and correlates of comorbid anxiety disorders among individuals with bipolar disorders (BP) and their association with prospectively ascertained comorbidities, treatment, and psychosocial functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 1600 adults who met lifetime DSM-IV criteria for BP-I (n = 1172) and BP-II (n = 428) were included. Individuals were evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DMS-IV Version and data was analyzed from Waves 1 and 2, approximately 3 years apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty percent of individuals with BP had at least one lifetime comorbid anxiety disorder. Individuals with BP and anxiety disorders shared lifetime risk factors for major depressive disorder and had prospectively more depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and more treatment seeking than those without anxiety. During the follow-up, higher incidence of panic disorder, drug use disorders, and lower psychosocial functioning were found in individuals with BP with versus without anxiety disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety disorders are prospectively associated with elevated BP severity and BP-related mental health service use. Early identification and treatment of anxiety disorders are warranted to improve the course and outcome of individuals with BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY 10032, USA. salareg@nyspi.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.forename: Shang-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult