title: Angiogenic factors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (review).
abstract: The placenta is the organ that is responsible for providing the developing             fetus with all the nutrients necessary for its growth and is also responsible             for removing fetal waste. Placentation is a crucial process that includes angiogenesis.             Angiogenesis involves not only the fetal circulation, but also placental and endometrial             vascular changes. In this study, we review the literature regarding any impairment             in the angiogenic process in placentas from pregnancies complicated by fetal growth             restriction (FGR). Angiogenesis is regulated by a list of factors, also known             as growth factors, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the             placental growth factor (PlGF) and the basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF),             as well as the partial pressure of oxygen in the fetoplacental vessels. Other             factors, such as transcriptional factors, also play a pivotal role, controlling             the above-mentioned growth factors. Alterations in these pathways have been described             in cases of growth-restricted fetuses. In this review, we provide an insight into             these processes and identify the most crucial factors involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete,                     Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gourvas
authors.forename: Efterpi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalpa
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konstantinidou
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vrachnis
authors.forename: Demetrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Spandidos
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sifakis
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents