title: The evolving landscape of quality measurement for heart failure.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, representing a leading cause of death and hospitalization among U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Advances in science have generated effective interventions to reduce adverse outcomes in HF, particularly in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Unfortunately, effective therapies for heart failure are often not utilized in an effective, safe, timely, equitable, patient-centered, and efficient manner. Further, the risk of adverse outcomes for HF remains high. The last decades have witnessed the growth of efforts to measure and improve the care and outcomes of patients with HF. This paper will review the evolution of quality measurement for HF, including a brief history of quality measurement in medicine; the measures that have been employed to characterize quality in heart failure; how the measures are obtained; how measures are employed; and present and future challenges surrounding quality measurement in heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Colorado Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (CCOR) Consortium, Colorado.
authors.forename: Ashley A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Colorado Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (CCOR) Consortium, Colorado.
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Colorado Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (CCOR) Consortium, Colorado.
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Masoudi
mesh_terms: D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States