title: Stability of pharyngeal airway dimensions: tongue and hyoid changes after treatment with a functional appliance.
abstract: Because stability is known as the fundamental key of the successful outcome of orthodontics treatment, this study investigated the stability of tongue, hyoid bone and airway dimensions at least two years after active treatment with Faramand functional appliance in patients with class II div 1 malocclusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings indicate that treatment with functional appliance has the potential to increase pharyngeal airway dimensions and changes in tongue and hyoid position. Importantly, these achieved changes seemed to be maintained in long-term, up to 4 years on average.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. [corrected].
authors.forename: Soghra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yassaei
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabatabaei
authors.forename: Rova
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghafurifard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009972:Orthodontics, Interceptive / Q000295:instrumentation; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012008:Recurrence; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D055815:Young Adult