title: Differences in self-reported discrimination by primary type of drug used among New York City drug users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Illicit drug users experience various forms of discrimination which may vary by type of drug used, as there are different levels of stigma associated with different types of drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated self-report of perceived discrimination by primary type of drug used.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis used data from "Social Ties Associated with Risk of Transition into Injection Drug Use" (START), a cross-sectional study of recently initiated injection drug users (IDUs) and prospective study of heroin/crack/cocaine-using non-IDUs (n = 652). Using log binomial regression, the relationship between primary drug used (i.e., single drug used most often) with discrimination due to drug use was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heroin users were significantly more likely (Prevalence ratio (PR): 1.52 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.15-2.07)) to report discrimination due to drug use compared to cocaine users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More research is needed to understand the mechanism through which discrimination affects heroin users, and its potential relation with other discrimination-related outcomes, namely depression and drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ncraw@umich.edu
authors.forename: Natalie D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Abby E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Kandice
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D063508:Social Discrimination; D057545:Social Stigma; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine