title: Phenolic compounds from maté (Ilex paraguariensis) inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
abstract: Leaves of Ilex paraguariensis are used to prepare a tea known as maté which is a common beverage in several South American countries. The ethanol extract was fractionated to identify the compounds responsible for the anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Extracts of both fresh and dried maté leaves were subjected to column chromatography using molecular permeation to obtain the saponin (20 % yields) and the polyphenol extracts (40 % yields) from the fresh and dried leaves. The phenolic content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Also, maté extracts (50 μg/ml to 1,000 μg/ml) did not display citotoxicity using MTT. The polyphenol extract from the dried leaves was the most effective (50 μg/ml) in the inhibition of triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and rutin (100 μg/ml) likely accounted for a large portion of this activity. Additionally, maté extracts had a modulatory effect on the expression of genes related to the adipogenesis as PPARγ2, leptin, TNF-α and C/EBPα.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. grace.gosmann@ufrgs.br
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gosmann
authors.forename: Adriana Gregory
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Barlette
authors.forename: Tabitha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dhamer
authors.forename: Demétrius P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Arçari
authors.forename: Juliana Carvalho
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Eloá Ramalho
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Acedo
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambero
authors.forename: Simone Cristina Baggio
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gnoatto
authors.forename: Marcelo Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis / Q000737:chemistry; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012431:Rutin / Q000378:metabolism; D013020:South America; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012431:Rutin