title: Molecular mechanism of ATP binding and ion channel activation in P2X receptors.
abstract: P2X receptors are trimeric ATP-activated ion channels permeable to Na+, K+ and Ca2+. The seven P2X receptor subtypes are implicated in physiological processes that include modulation of synaptic transmission, contraction of smooth muscle, secretion of chemical transmitters and regulation of immune responses. Despite the importance of P2X receptors in cellular physiology, the three-dimensional composition of the ATP-binding site, the structural mechanism of ATP-dependent ion channel gating and the architecture of the open ion channel pore are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of the zebrafish P2X4 receptor in complex with ATP and a new structure of the apo receptor. The agonist-bound structure reveals a previously unseen ATP-binding motif and an open ion channel pore. ATP binding induces cleft closure of the nucleotide-binding pocket, flexing of the lower body β-sheet and a radial expansion of the extracellular vestibule. The structural widening of the extracellular vestibule is directly coupled to the opening of the ion channel pore by way of an iris-like expansion of the transmembrane helices. The structural delineation of the ATP-binding site and the ion channel pore, together with the conformational changes associated with ion channel gating, will stimulate development of new pharmacological agents.
authors.affiliation: Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gouaux
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008958:Models, Molecular; D058848:Receptors, Purinergic P2X4 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D058848:Receptors, Purinergic P2X4; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate