title: Clinical trial on the efficacy of exhaled carbon monoxide measurement in smoking cessation in primary health care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cessation is beneficial for our health at any point in life, both in healthy people and in people already suffering from a smoking-related disease. Any help to quit smoking can produce considerable benefits for Public Health. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the CO-oximetry technique together with brief advice in smoking cessation, in terms of reduction of the number of cigarettes or in the variation of the motivation to quit smoking at month 12 compared with brief advice alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised, parallel, single-blind clinical trial in a primary health care setting in Majorca (Spain). Smokers in contemplation or pre-contemplation phase will be included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smokers in preparation phase, subjects with a terminal illness or whose health status does not allow them to understand the study or complete the informed consent, and pregnant or breastfeeding women. The subjects will be randomly assigned to the control group (CG) or the intervention group (IG). The CG will receive brief advice, and the IG will receive brief advice together with a measurement of exhaled CO. There will be follow-up evaluations at 6 and 12 months after inclusion. 471 subjects will be needed per group in order to detect a difference between groups ≥ 5%.
  
  
  METHODS
  sustained smoking cessation (at 6 and 12 months) confirmed by urine cotinine test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  point smoking cessation at 6 and 12 months both confirmed by urine cotinine analysis and self-reported, reduction in cigarette consumption, and variation in phase of smoking cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO-oximetry is an inexpensive, non-invasive, fast technique that requires little technical training; making it a technique for risk assessment in smokers that can be easily applied in primary care and, if proven effective, could serve as a reinforcement aid in smoking cessation intervention activities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN67499921.
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Baleares Health services-IbSalut, Mallorca, Spain. jripoll@ibsalut.caib.es
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ripoll
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Girauta
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medina-Bombardó
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Ossorio
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gorreto
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteva
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uréndez
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buades
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide