title: Depth and duration of hypoglycaemia achieved during the insulin tolerance test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The insulin tolerance test (ITT) is the gold standard for assessment of the pituitary adrenal axis but its use is limited because of concerns relating to the risk of hypoglycaemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the depth and duration of hypoglycaemia achieved during the test in a large cohort of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty ITTs were performed from 2005 to 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1200-bed University Teaching Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty ITTs were carried out in patients with suspected or known pituitary disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravenous insulin was administered to achieve nadir plasma glucose (NPG) of 2.2 mmol/l (39.6 mg/dl). Blood chemistry to show the cortisol and GH response to hypoglycaemic stress was measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predictors of depth and duration of hypoglycaemia, adverse events and within-subject variability of nadir glucose, peak cortisol and peak GH were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty percent of the cohort achieved a nadir glucose of <2.0 mmol/l (36 mg/dl) that lasted for 60 min or more. The NPG correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose (FPG; r=0:56; P<0.0005), insulin dose (r=0.27; P<0.0005) and weight (r=0.21; P<0.004). The within subject variability of nadir glucose was 15.2%, peak cortisol was 11.7% and peak GH was 6.4%. The factors determining nadir blood glucose were FPG (b=0.56, P<0.0005, 20% contribution) and weight (b=0.14, P<0.05, 2% contribution). The five patients with adverse events had NPG and insulin dose comparable with the rest of the population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypoglycaemia achieved during the ITT is much lower than the target required. However, adverse events are few and do not relate to the depth of hypoglycaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Derriford Hospital, Level 9, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK. olubukola.ajala@nhs.net
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ajala
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lockett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Twine
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Flanagan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin