title: Risk factors for suboptimal vitamin D levels among adults with HIV attending an inner-city clinic of New Orleans, Louisiana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are highly prevalent in populations with HIV, but there is limited data on predictors for suboptimal levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine risk factors for Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, 185 charts were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proportions with Vitamin D levels < 10 ng/ml, 10 - 20 ng/ml, 20 - 30 ng/ml and > 30 ng/ml were 14.6%, 44.8%, 24.9%, and 15.7%, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that Vitamin D levels < 20 ng/ml were associated with a lower albumin level (p =.02), female gender (p = .0003), and African-American (AA) race (p = .0001). Tenofovir exposure showed borderline significance (p = .09). AA race was the only significant factor in multivariate modeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was high. AA race was an independent risk factor. Although not significant, obese persons with a poorer nutritional status and possibly those on tenofovir may also be at higher risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frontini
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nnadi
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bairu
authors.forename: Tamina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Jigar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chotalia
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D014807:Vitamin D; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine