title: A rat model of smoke inhalation injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoke inhalation injury is the leading cause of acute respiratory failure in critical burn victims. Advances in the treatment of smoke inhalation injury have been limited in the past years. To further explore the pathogenesis, stable and practical animal models are necessary.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a rat model of smoke inhalation injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The smoke composition including the particulate matters, irritant gases, chemical carcinogens was measured. The blood gas values, pro-inflammatory and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung wet to dry weight ratio were assayed. Pathological evaluations of pulmonary were performed at 24 h, 96 h, 7 days and 28 days post-injury. Masson-Goldner trichrome staining was performed on day 7 and 28 post-injury, along with the measurement of hydroxyproline and collagen I and III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our present animal model, smoke inhalation caused a significant hypoxemia and CO poisoning. A surge of pro-inflammatory response and microvascular hyperpermeability with neutrophils accumulations were also found in our animal model. At 24 h post-smoke inhalation, the hematoxylin and eosin results exhibited that there were inflammatory exudates and diffuse hemorrhage in the lung tissue with significant edema. With the time going, the lung injuries appeared at alveolar collapse and alveolar septum thickening, which indicated that smoke inhalation further induced damage to lung parenchyma. Specially, the markedly collagen deposition appeared at 28 days post-injury indicated that pulmonary fibrosis happened.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this rat smoke inhalation injury model induced by our novel self-made smoke generator could be used for acute and chronic lung injury experiments.
authors.affiliation: Burn Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yichao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Zhaofan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D016209:Interleukin-8; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D006909:Hydroxyproline