title: Obesity and inflammation: change in adiponectin, C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 after bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state. A causal association between inflammation and atherosclerosis has been suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the proinflammatory profile of morbidly obese patients after weight loss following bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we measured levels of adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and their relation to insulin resistance and lipid parameters in 60 morbidly obese women at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after gastric bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve months after surgery, there was a significant increase in plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.01) and a significant decrease in levels of IL-6 (p < 0.001), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), glucose (p < 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA; p < 0.001). At 12 months, correlations were seen between IL-6 levels and the following: body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), insulin (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and HOMA (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Also, hs-CRP levels correlated with BMI (r = 0.40, p = 0. 004), triglycerides (r = 0.34, p = 0.017), insulin (r = 0.50, p = 0.001) and HOMA (r = 0.46, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with morbid obesity, significant weight loss is followed by a significant improvement in the inflammatory state, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. A relationship exists between improved inflammatory profile and insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Morales Meseguer, C/ Marques de los Velez s/n 30008, Murcia, Spain. fatimaillan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Illán-Gómez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzálvez-Ortega
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orea-Soler
authors.forename: Ma Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alcaraz-Tafalla
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aragón-Alonso
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pascual-Díaz
authors.forename: Matías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Paredes
authors.forename: Ma Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lozano-Almela
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein