title: Current status of training for endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasm at Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, a famous Japanese hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is relatively difficult compared with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), thus, proper training is essential for the safe performance of the procedure. The aim of this study is to clarify the current status of training for ESD for gastric epithelial neoplasm by following the performance of 13 preceptees.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed ESD for 1520 lesions between March 2005 and April 2011 and conducted ESD training of 13 preceptees who were supervised by experts. We classified the samples into four groups according to the number of ESD performed by the preceptees to chart their progress by comparing the procedural outcomes. Group A included cases 1-40 performed by all 13 preceptees, group B consisted of cases 41-80 performed by 10 of the preceptees and group C included cases 81 onwards executed by five of the preceptees. Group D comprised the cases that were performed by experts during the same period as group C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedural outcomes of group A were similar to those of group B with regard to operation time, complete en bloc resection and complications. However, the results of group B included significantly more lesions of the middle or upper third of the stomach, resected specimen and lesions were larger in diameter, lesions with positive ulcer finding were more frequent and a higher frequency of lesions were of expanded, non-indication type. Group B outcomes were similar to those of group C but differed in location of lesions and specimen size. Group C outcomes were similar to group D's in all parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preceptees were able to safely perform ESD for gastric epithelium neoplasms under appropriate supervision by expert endoscopists. The number of cases in which preceptees successfully extracted guideline-indication lesions and expanded-indication lesions by ESD were approximately 40 and 80 cases, respectively. The procedural outcomes of ESD performed by preceptees who had experience in over 80 cases were similar to those by expert endoscopists. Thus, these findings show that the minimal amount of training for achieving preceptorship of ESD is performance of at least 80 of the procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. yorimasa.yamamoto@jfcr.or.jp
authors.forename: Yorimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D002983:Clinical Competence; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D007564:Japan; D059032:Learning Curve; D008297:Male; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*