title: Captures of pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and nontarget insects in BioLure and torula yeast traps in Hawaii.
abstract: MultiLure traps were deployed in a Hawaiian orchard to compare the attraction of economically important fruit flies and nontarget insects to the three-component BioLure and torula yeast food lures. Either water or a 20% propylene glycol solution was used to dissolve the torula yeast  or as capture fluid in BioLure traps. Torula yeast in water was more attractive than BioLure for male and female Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and as attractive for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and the addition of propylene glycol significantly inhibited  the attractiveness of torula yeast. The known synergistic effect of propylene glycol with BioLure, resulting in increased captures of Anastrepha flies, was not observed with Bactrocera. Nontarget Drosophilidae, Neriidae, Phoridae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae were more strongly  attracted to BioLure, and both lures collected Chloropidae equally. As with fruit flies, propylene glycol in torula yeast significantly decreased nontarget captures. The results therefore suggest that torula yeast in water is a more effective attractant than BioLure for pest Bactrocera while  minimizing nontarget captures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. leblancl@ctahr.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubinoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003454:Cryptococcus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C010411:insect attractants; D019946:Propylene Glycol