title: In vivo evaluation of lung microwave ablation in a porcine tumor mimic model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the microwave ablation of created tumor mimics in the lung of a large animal model (pigs), with examination of the ablative synergy of multiple antennas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six tumor-mimic models of various sizes were created in 15 pigs by using barium-enriched minced collected thigh muscle injected into the lung of the same animal. Tumors were ablated under fluoroscopic guidance by single-antenna and multiple-antenna microwaves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five tumor models were treated in 11 pigs with a single antenna at 75 W for 15 min, with 15 measuring 20 mm in diameter, 10 measuring 30 mm, and 10 measuring 40 mm. Mean circularity of the single-antenna ablation zones measured 0.64 ± 0.12, with a diameter of 35.7 ± 8.7 mm along the axis of the antenna and 32.7 ± 12.8 mm perpendicular to the feeding point. Multiple-antenna delivery of 75 W for 15 min caused intraprocedural death of 2 animals; modified protocol to 60 W for 10 min resulted in an ablation zone with a diameter of 43.0 ± 7.7 along the axis of the antenna and 54.8 ± 8.5 mm perpendicular to the feeding point; circularity was 0.70 ± 0.10
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single microwave antenna can create ablation zones large enough to cover lung tumor mimic models of ≤4 cm with no heat sink effect from vessels of ≤6 mm. Synergic use of 3 antennas allows ablation of larger volumes than single-antenna or radiofrequency ablation, but great caution must be taken when 3 antennas are used simultaneously in the lung in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Service Radiologie Cardiovasculaire et Interventionnelle, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, 133 Avenue de la Résistance, 92350, Le Plessis Robinson, France. oli.hrp@gmail.com
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Planché
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teriitehau
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boudabous
authors.forename: Joey Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: Geoffroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farouil
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Baere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D057785:Catheters; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D013552:Swine