title: [Gender aspects in anesthesia : modified approach in research and treatment?].
abstract: Gender differences can have a relevant influence on the perioperative outcome as male and female patients are affected differently by adverse events, e.g. side effects of drugs. Furthermore, differences relating to specific drug effects, comorbidities and outcome after anesthesia or intensive care have been demonstrated. There seems to be a gender bias in diagnosis and therapy. While the knowledge regarding this field is still growing certain aspects have already been integrated into clinical practice: prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), target controlled infusion (TCI) model and male only policy with production of blood products. There is a need to study the influence of gender, age and race in order to optimize treatment towards a more individualized therapy. This article highlights already identified differences and discusses potential underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Deutschland. miriam.schopper@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schopper
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Bäumler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleckenstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irnich
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D000776:Anesthesiology; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000777:Anesthetics; D000932:Antiemetics; D006728:Hormones; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives