title: Abnormal patterns of the renal veins.
abstract: Knowledge of the renal vascular anatomy may greatly contribute to the success of surgical, invasive and radiological procedures of the retroperitoneal region. Here, morphometric and histological studies of a human cadaveric specimen presented a complex, anomalous pattern of renal veins. The left renal vein had an oblique retro-aortic course and received two lumbar veins. It bifurcated near its drainage point into the inferior vena cava. The right renal vein received the right testicular vein. In addition, the left kidney was located at a low position. The spleen was enlarged. The present case is unique and provides information that may help surgeons or angiologists to apply safer interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Hadi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Anjamrooz
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azari
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abedinzadeh