title: Associations between a neurophysiological marker of central cholinergic activity and cognitive functions in young and older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The deterioration of the central cholinergic system in aging is hypothesized to underlie declines in several cognitive domains, including memory and executive functions. However, there is surprisingly little direct evidence regarding acetylcholine's specific role(s) in normal human cognitive aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a putative marker of cholinergic activity in vivo in young (n = 24) and older adults (n = 31).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant age difference in SAI, concordant with other evidence of cholinergic decline in normal aging. We also found clear age differences on several of the memory and one of the executive function measures. Individual differences in SAI levels predicted memory but not executive functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual differences in SAI levels were better predictors of memory than executive functions. We discuss cases in which the relations between SAI and cognition might be even stronger, and refer to other age-related biological changes that may interact with cholinergic activity in cognitive aging.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young-Bernier
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamil
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Patrick S R
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine