title: The transition from pedicle transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous to perforator flap: what is the cost of opportunity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates how the transition from pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (pTRAM) to perforator flaps at an academic center has affected outcome and reimbursement.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2006, our practice transitioned to almost exclusively perforator flaps for breast reconstruction. This study retrospectively compares pTRAM flaps performed from 2002 to 2006 (group 1) with perforator flaps from 2006 to 2010 (group 2). Operative time, complications, and reimbursement were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed 93 pTRAM flaps in 69 patients in group 1 and 102 perforator flaps in 69 patients in group 2. Operative time was shorter in group 1 for unilateral breast reconstruction (399 vs. 543 minutes, P = 0.0001), but no significant difference was noted for bilateral cases (547 vs. 658 minutes, P = 0.1). Fat necrosis requiring reoperation (23.7% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.0004) and partial flap necrosis (20.6% vs. 7.2%, P = 0.045) were more frequent in group 1. There was a higher frequency of abdominal hernia (8.8% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.2) but fewer hematomas (1.5% vs. 10%, P = 0.06) in group 1, although statistical significance was not reached between the 2 groups. Mean adjusted payment per case was $3658.67 for group 1 versus $5256.48 for group 2 (P = 0.004), whereas payment per minute was $9.25 for group 1 versus $9.13 for group 2 (P = 0.9). Perforator flaps appear to be as profitable as pTRAM flaps with lower morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transition from pTRAM to perforator flap can be done successfully with appropriate resources and support. The development of a perforator flap practice represents an opportunity cost in optimizing patient care and should be an option to patients seeking breast reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Winnie M Y
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazakas
authors.forename: C Scott
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hultman
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Halvorson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000191:economics