title: Defensive effect of natrium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NDDCT) and lisinopril in DOCA-salt hypertension-induced vascular dementia in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular dementia and hypertension are increasing day by day, with a high degree of co-occurrence. Tremendous amount of research work is required so that new pharmacological agents may be identified for their appropriate therapeutic utility to combat different dementing disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the effect of natrium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NDDCT), a nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor, as well as lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension-induced vascular dementia in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  DOCA was used to induce hypertension and associated vascular dementia. Morris water maze (MWM) was used for testing learning and memory. Endothelial function was assessed by acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic strips. Different biochemical estimations were used to assess oxidative stress (aortic superoxide anion, serum and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and brain glutathione), nitric oxide levels (serum nitrite/nitrate), and cholinergic activity (brain acetyl cholinesterase activity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  DOCA treatment significantly raised the mean arterial blood pressure of rats, and these hypertensive rats performed poorly on MWM, reflecting impairment of learning and memory. DOCA treatment also impaired vascular endothelial function and different biochemical parameters. Treatments of NDDCT as well as lisinopril significantly attenuated DOCA hypertension-induced impairment of learning and memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DOCA-salt hypertension induces vascular dementia in rats. NF-κB as well as ACE inhibitors may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of hypertension-induced vascular dementia.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002 Punjab, India. bhupeshresearch@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bhupesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D004050:Ditiocarb; D017706:Lisinopril