title: Tissue specificity in nickel uptake and induction of oxidative stress in kidney and spleen of goldfish Carassius auratus, exposed to waterborne nickel.
abstract: Toxic and carcinogenic effects of nickel compounds are suggested to result from nickel-mediated oxidative damage to macromolecules and/or inhibition of cellular antioxidant defenses. We investigated the effects of waterborne Ni(2+) (10, 25 and 50 mg/L) on the blood and blood-producing tissues (kidney and spleen) of goldfish to identify relationships between Ni accumulation and oxidative stress. Whereas the main hematological parameters (total hemoglobin and hematocrit) were unaffected, Ni(2+) exposure had substantial influence on goldfish immune system, causing lymphopenia. Ni accumulation increased renal iron content (by 49-78%) and resulted in elevated lipid peroxide (by 29%) and protein carbonyl content (by 274-278%), accompanied by suppression of the activities of superoxide dismutase (by 50-53%), glutathione peroxidase (15-45%), glutathione reductase (31-37%) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (20-44%), indicating development of oxidative stress in kidney. In contrast to kidney, in spleen the activation of glutathione peroxidase (by 34-118%), glutathione-S-transferase (by 41-216%) and glutathione reductase (by 47%), as well as constant levels of low molecular mass thiols and metals together with enhanced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (by 41-94%) speaks for a powerful antioxidant potential that counteracts Ni-induced ROS production. Further, as Ni accumulation in this organ was negligible, Ni-toxicity in spleen may be minimized by efficient exclusion of this otherwise toxic metal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olga I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Kubrak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Viktor V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Husak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Bohdana M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Rovenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poigner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mazepa
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kriews
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abele
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine. Electronic address: lushchak@pu.if.ua.
authors.forename: Volodymyr I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Lushchak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009532:Nickel; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase