title: Photo-oxidative action in MCF-7 cancer cells induced by hydrophobic             cyanines loaded in biodegradable microemulsion-templated nanocapsules.
abstract: Searching for photodynamic therapy-effective nanocarriers which enable a             photosensitizer to be selectively delivered to tumor cells with enhanced bioavailability             and diminished dark cytotoxicity is of current interest. We have employed a polymer-based             nanoparticle approach to encapsulate the cyanine-type photosensitizer IR-780 in             poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanocapsules. The latter were fabricated by             interfacial polymerization in oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions formed by dicephalic             and gemini saccharide-derived surfactants. Nanocarriers were characterized by             SEM, AFM and DLS. The efficiency of PBCA nanocapsules as a potential system of             photosensitizer delivery to human breast cancer cells was established by dark             and photocytotoxicity as the function of the cellular mitochondria. The photodynamic             effect of cyanine IR-780 was determined by investigation of oxidative stress markers.             The nanocapsules were the main focus of our studies to examine their cellular             uptake and dark and photocytotoxicity as the function of the cellular mitochondria             as well as oxidative stress markers (i.e., lipid peroxidation and protein damage)             in MCF-7/WT cancer cells. The effects of encapsulated IR-780 were compared with             those of native photosensitizer. The penetration of the nanocapsules into cancer             cells was visualized by CLSM and their uptake was estimated by FACS analysis.             Cyanine IR-780 delivered in PBCA nanocapsules to MCF-7/WT cells retains its sensitivity             upon photoirradiation and it is regularly distributed in the cell cytoplasm. The             intensity of the photosensitizer-generated oxidative stress depends on IR-780             release from the effective uptake of polymeric nanocapsules and seems to remain             dependent upon the surfactant structure in o/w microemulsion-based templates applied             to nanocapsule fabrication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże                     Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Kazimiera A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zielińska
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pietkiewicz
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skołucka
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choromańska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossowska
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garbiec
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saczko
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C548458:2-(2-(2-chloro-3-((1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-propyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)ethenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-propylindolium; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D004655:Emulsions; D007211:Indoles; D053769:Nanocapsules; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde