title: Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) extract in rats: Influence of administration and gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the behavioral effects of Melissa officinalis extract in rats following acute or subacute treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The behavioral effects of an acute or subacute (10-day course) orally administered M. officinalis (MO; 0, 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg) ethanol extract were evaluated in male and female Wistar rats in elevated plus-maze (EPM), forced swimming (FS) and open field (OF) tests. The effects of diazepam (DZP; 1 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (FXT; 10 mg/kg) were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the EPM test, the percentage of open arm entries and open arm times of both males and females given the subacute M. officinalis ethanol extract were significantly higher than those of the vehicle-treated animals but were at levels similar to those observed in the DZP group, regardless of the treatment length. In the FS test, immobility duration was significantly lower in both males and females treated with the plant extract when compared to vehicle-treated counterparts. A 10-day treatment with FXT induced the same antidepressant response, regardless of gender, and was more effective than the M. officinalis extract. Male and female rats demonstrated distinct gender profiles, and treatment × gender interactions were observed. Locomotion in the EPM and OF tests was not significantly altered by treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential psychoactive properties of M. officinalis may provide a unique pharmacological alternative for certain psychiatric disorders; however, the efficacy appears to be dependent on both gender and administration length.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adefunmilayo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Taiwo
authors.forename: Franco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Greice M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.forename: Marilia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Dâmaris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Mônica V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Vania M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ferreira