title: Bacterial profile and drug susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection in pregnant women at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem among pregnant women. Proper investigation and prompt treatment are needed to prevent serious life threatening condition and morbidity due to urinary tract infection that can occur in pregnant women. Recent report in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia indicated the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 11.6% and Gram negative bacteria was the predominant isolates and showed multi drug resistance. This study aimed to assess bacterial profile that causes urinary tract infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinic at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from March 22 to April 30, 2011. Mid stream urine samples were collected and inoculated into Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient medium (CLED). Colony counts yielding bacterial growth of 105/ml of urine or more of pure isolates were regarded as significant bacteriuria for infection. Colony from CLED was sub cultured onto MacConkey agar and blood agar plates. Identification was done using cultural characteristics and a series of biochemical tests. A standard method of agar disc diffusion susceptibility testing method was used to determine susceptibility patterns of the isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 10.4%. The predominant bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli 47.5% followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci 22.5%, Staphylococcus aureus 10%, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 10%. Gram negative isolates were resulted low susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (51.9%) and tetracycline (40.7%) whereas Gram positive showed susceptibility to ceftriaxon (84.6%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (92.3%). Multiple drug resistance (resistance to two or more drugs) was observed in 95% of the isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant bacteriuria was observed in asymptomatic pregnant women. Periodic studies are recommended to check the outcome of asymptomatic bacteriuria and also monitor any changes in the susceptibility patterns of urinary tract pathogens in pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. agersewalemu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Agersew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alemu
authors.forename: Feleke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moges
authors.forename: Yitayal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiferaw
authors.forename: Ketema
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tafess
authors.forename: Afework
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassu
authors.forename: Belay
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anagaw
authors.forename: Abebe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agegn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D013752:Tetracycline