title: [Association of tumor budding with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in T2 rectal cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the association of tumor budding with clinicopathological features and prognosis in T2 rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathological data of 123 patients who underwent potentially curative resection for T2 rectal carcinoma between 2001 and 2005 at the Changhai Hospital were collected. All pathology slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examinations. The maximum value of tumor buds(MV) and average value of tumor buds(AV) were calculated, which were classified as low value (≤5), median value (5 < bud value < 10), and high value (≥10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis revealed that MV(P=0.000), AV(P=0.001), and lymphatic invasion (P=0.006) were independent predictors for lymph node metastasis in T2 rectal cancer. Neural invasion and poorly differentiation were significantly associated with MV(P<0.05). Neural invasion, vascular invasion and poorly differentiation were were significantly associated to AV (P<0.01). Disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with low AV, median AV and high AV was 110.5 months, 95.8 months, and 60.0 months respectively. There were significance differences in DFS of low AV with median and high AV(P<0.05). DFS of patients with low MV, median MV and high MV was 115.1 months, 98.5 months, and 86.0 months respectively. There were significance differences in DFS between low and high AV, and median and high MV(P<0.01 and P<0.05), while no significant difference existed between low and median MV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor budding is a useful marker to indicate high invasiveness of rectal cancer and a valuable prognostic predictor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Secend Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian-xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuan-gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Rong-gui
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Lian-jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: En-da
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery