title: Clinically identified postpartum depression in Asian American mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the clinical diagnosis rate of postpartum depression (PPD) in Asian American subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study using electronic health records (EHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A large, outpatient, multiservice clinic in Northern California.
  
  
  METHODS
  A diverse clinical population of non-Hispanic White (N = 4582), Asian Indian (N = 1264), Chinese (N = 1160), Filipino (N = 347), Japanese (N = 124), Korean (N = 183), and Vietnamese (N = 147) mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of PPD were identified from EHRs using physician diagnosis codes, medication usage, and age standardized for comparison. The relationship between PPD and other demographic variables (race/ethnicity, maternal age, delivery type, marital status, and infant gender) were examined in a multivariate logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PPD diagnosis rate for all Asian American mothers in aggregate was significantly lower than the diagnosis rate in non-Hispanic White mothers. Moreover, of the six Asian American subgroups, PPD diagnosis rates for Asian Indian, Chinese, and Filipino mothers were significantly lower than non-Hispanic White mothers. In multivariate analyses, race/ethnicity, age, and cesarean were significant predictors of PPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this insured population, PPD diagnosis rates were lower among Asian Americans, with variability in rates across the individual Asian American subgroups. It is unclear whether these lower rates are due to underreporting, underdiagnosis, or underutilization of mental health care in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Valley Foundation School of Nursing, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0057, USA. deepika.goyal@sjsu.edu
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Elsie J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Latha P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Palaniappan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology