title: Characterization of semi-solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) of atorvastatin calcium by Raman image spectroscopy and chemometrics.
abstract: A methodology based on Raman image spectroscopy and chemometrics for homogeneity evaluation of formulations containing atorvastatin calcium in Gelucire(®) 44/14 is presented. In the first part of the work, formulations with high amounts of Gelucire(®) 44/14 (80%) and solvents of different polarities (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propyleneglycol, propylene glycol monocaprylate and glyceryl mono/dicaprylate/caprate) were prepared for miscibility screening evaluation by classical least squares (CLS). It was observed that Gelucire(®) 44/14 presented higher affinity for the lipophilic solvents glyceryl mono/dicaprylate/caprate and propylene glycol monocaprylate, whose samples were observed to be homogeneous, and lower affinity for the hydrophilic solvents diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and propyleneglycol, whose samples were heterogeneous. In the second part of the work, the ratio of glyceryl mono/dicaprylate/caprate and Gelucire(®) 44/14 was determined based on studies in water and allowed the selection of the proportions of these two excipients in the preconcentrate that provided supersaturation of atorvastatin upon dilution. The preconcentrate was then evaluated for homogeneity by partial least squares (PLS) and an excellent miscibility was observed in this proportion as well. Therefore, it was possible to select a formulation that presented simultaneously homogeneous preconcentrate and solubility enhancement in water by Raman image spectroscopy and chemometrics.
authors.affiliation: University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Breitkreitz
authors.forename: Guilherme P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Sabin
authors.forename: Griselda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polla
authors.forename: Ronei J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Poppi
mesh_terms: D000069059:Atorvastatin; D020650:Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004655:Emulsions; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D044367:Phase Transition; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D011758:Pyrroles; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C104509:gelucire 44-14; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000069059:Atorvastatin