title: The prevalence of mental health disorders amongst offenders on probation: a literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing focus on addressing the mental health needs of offenders throughout the criminal justice system. However, there is currently a gap in the literature for a review of research into the prevalence of mental health disorders amongst offenders on probation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review existing literature on the prevalence of mental health disorders in probation populations in order to inform the provision of health services to this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic to date across ASSIA, Web of Science, IBSS, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 papers were identified. Four of these studies were based on probation approved premises, six on probation psychiatric services and eight on broader probation populations. The prevalence of mental illness reported varies widely across these papers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One can tentatively conclude that there is a high prevalence of mental illness and high rates of co-morbidity in offenders on probation. However, variation in study settings and methodology make it difficult to reach firm conclusions on the likely prevalence of mental illness in probation populations from the existing literature. There is a need for further high-quality research in this area.
authors.affiliation: Criminal Justice and Health Research Group, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK. csirdifield@lincoln.ac.uk
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sirdifield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003416:Criminal Law / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011329:Prisoners / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057545:Social Stigma; D013222:State Medicine; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult