title: Effect of porcine placenta steroid extract on myogenic satellite cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, and lipid accumulation.
abstract: Intramuscular long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) play an important role in energy production and initiation of mitochondrial oxidation of lipids. Herein, we report a natural porcine placenta steroid extract (PPSE) that stimulates transdifferentiation and lipid accumulation in bovine myogenic satellite cells (MSCs). The steroids hormones in PPSE were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and presence of LCFA was established using gas chromatography. At 70% confluent growth, cells were treated with PPSE, LCFAs, transdifferentiation cocktail and commercially available steroid hormones. The working concentrations of all chemicals were manipulated similar to PPSE. The cells were observed for morphological changes and subjected to quantitative analysis of lipid deposition on Days 2, 4, and 6 of treatment. PPSE-treated MSCs exclusively transformed into lipid-accumulated adipose-like cells (ALCs). However, myotubes or adipocytes were formed in cells treated with other chemicals. Expression of different genes was studied to ascertain the molecular mechanism involved in ALC formation. CD36, fatty acid binding protein 4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma were up-regulated. The expression of CD36 was established through immunocyto-chemical analysis. A viability assay was used to confirm the effect of PPSE on proliferation of MSCs. Hence, a natural steroid extract from porcine was found as a nontoxic mixture, which induces lipid accumulation and transdifferentiation of MSCs to ALCs. From the gene expression studies, it was established that the extract works almost in homogenous manner with other lipid inducers.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Majid Rasool
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kamli
authors.forename: Abdul R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Smritee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokharel
authors.forename: Dong-Mok
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Il
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: SeongKoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D010924:Placental Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000187:drug effects; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010924:Placental Extracts; D013256:Steroids