title: Structural basis of tetherin function.
abstract: HIV-1 employs its structural proteins to orchestrate assembly and budding at the plasma membrane of host cells, which depends on numerous cellular factors. Although cells evolved interferon inducible restriction factors such as tetherin that act as a first line of defense, enveloped viruses, including HIV-1, developed countermeasures in the form of tetherin antagonists such as Vpu that decrease the effect of tetherin and permits normal viral replication in vivo. Here we review recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic structural properties of tetherin that provide the basis to physically retain HIV-1 by bridging plasma and virion membranes after completion of budding.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI) UMI 3265 Universite Joseph Fourier-EMBL-CNRS, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. weissenhorn@embl.fr
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weissenhorn
authors.forename: Nolwenn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miguet
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aschman
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renesto
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Heinrich G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Gottlinger
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins