title: RNA processing and modification protein, carbon catabolite repression 4 (Ccr4), arrests the cell cycle through p21-dependent and p53-independent pathway.
abstract: Ccr4d is a new member of the Ccr4 (carbon catabolite repression 4) family of proteins that are implicated in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation through mRNA deadenylation. However, Ccr4d is not believed to be involved in mRNA deadenylation. Thus, its biological function and mechanistic activity remain to be determined. Here, we report that Ccr4d is broadly expressed in various normal tissues, and the expression of Ccr4d is markedly down-regulated during cell cycle progression. We showed that Ccr4d inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest at G(1) phase. Our experiments further revealed that Ccr4d regulates the expression of p21 in a p53-independent manner. Mechanistic studies indicated that Ccr4d strongly bound to the 3'-UTR of p21 mRNA, leading to the stabilization of p21 mRNA. Interestingly, we found that the expression of Ccr4d is down-regulated in various tumor tissues. Collectively, our data indicate that Ccr4d functions as an anti-proliferating protein through the induction of cell cycle arrest via a p21-dependent and p53-independent pathway and suggest that Ccr4d might have an important role in carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guojia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xiaocheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000502:physiology; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000502:physiology*; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C102804:nocturnin