title: Induction of T helper 1 response by immunization of BALB/c mice with the gene encoding the second subunit of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B (EgAgB8/2).
abstract: A pre-designed plasmid containing the gene encoding the second subunit of Echinococcus granulosus AgB8 (EgAgB8/2) was used to study the effect of the immunization route on the immune response in BALB/c mice. Mice were immunized with pDRIVEEgAgB8/2 or pDRIVE empty cassette using the intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.) or the epidermal gene gun (g.g.) routes. Analysis of the antibody response and cytokine data revealed that gene immunization by the i.m. route induced a marked bias towards a T helper type 1 (Th1) immune response as characterized by high IFN-γ gene expression and a low IgG1/IgG2a reactivity index (R.I.) ratio of 0.04. The i.n. route showed a moderate IFN-γ expression but a higher IgG1/IgG2a R.I. ratio of 0.25 indicating a moderate Th1 response. In contrast, epidermal g.g. immunization induced a Th2 response characterized by high IL-4 expression and the highest IgG1/IgG2a R.I. ratio of 0.58. In conclusion, this study showed the advantage of genetic immunization using the i.m. route and i.n. over the epidermal g.g. routes in the induction of Th1 immunity in response to E. granulosus AgB gene immunization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boutennoune
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qaqish
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Aghbar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdel-Hafez
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Qaoud
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D019470:Biolistics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D018509:DNA, Helminth; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008074:Lipoproteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; C514022:antigen B, Echinococcus granulosus; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma