title: Coracoid impingement: current concepts.
abstract: For many years, coracoid impingement has been a well-recognized cause of anterior shoulder pain. However, a precise diagnosis of coracoid impingement remains difficult in some cases due to the presence of multifactorial pathologies and a paucity of supporting evidence in the literature. This review provides an update on the current anatomical and biomechanical knowledge regarding this pathology, describes the diagnostic process, and discusses the possible treatment options, based on a systematic review of the literature. Level of evidence V.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Emergency Department, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich Technical University, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martetschläger
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Boykin
authors.forename: J Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Giphart
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Waha
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Millett
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010808:Physical Examination; D011182:Postoperative Care; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*