title: Genetic biomarkers of cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a review of genetic biomarkers of cancer risk and associated clinical implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published literature, evidence-based guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of the genetic variation associated with cancer risk enables the health care provider to stratify an individual's risk and personalize their cancer risk management. This may lead to a decreased cancer incidence in high-risk populations, but at a minimum, will provide the opportunity for early diagnosis that may decrease cancer morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing implications include assessment for cancer risk, initiate referrals indicated, and delivering ongoing education and support for cancer risk management plans.
authors.affiliation: Research Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. calzonek@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Calzone
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor