title: Antimüllerian hormone levels are independently related to ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels to polycystic ovaries and ovarian androgenic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eumenorrheic asymptomatic volunteers without (V-NO; n = 19; reference population) or with (V-PCO; n = 28) a polycystic ovary and hyperandrogenemic anovulatory subjects grouped according to ovarian function into typical PCOS (PCOS-T; n = 37) and atypical PCOS (PCOS-A; n = 18).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic ultrasonography, short dexamethasone androgen-suppression test (SDAST), and GnRH agonist (GnRHag) test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline AMH levels were related to polycystic ovary status, testosterone response to SDAST, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to GnRHag test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMH levels correlated with SDAST and GnRHag test outcomes. AMH was elevated (>6.2 ng/mL) in 32% of V-PCO versus 5% V-NO. The 21% of V-PCO who met Rotterdam PCOS criteria all had functional ovarian hyperandrogenism, but AMH levels were similar to nonhyperandrogenic V-PCO. AMH >10.7 ng/mL discriminated V-PCO from PCOS with 96% specificity and 41% sensitivity for PCOS-T, and insignificantly for PCOS-A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMH levels are independently related to ovarian androgenic function and polycystic ovaries. Very high AMH levels are specific but insensitive for PCOS. In the absence of hyperandrogenism, moderate AMH elevation in women with normal-variant polycystic ovaries seems to indicate an enlarged oocyte pool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. robros@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wroblewski
authors.forename: Vasantha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Littlejohn
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000473:pathology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone