title: Sometimes it takes darkness to see the light: pitfalls in the interpretation of cell proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA).
abstract: The degree of cell proliferation in a tumor is often associated with metastatic risk and mortality. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 are proliferation markers that can be used to assess malignant potential in cutaneous lesions and pathological cell proliferation in psoriasis. These markers are elevated during periods of cell proliferation; however, they are also upregulated following UV irradiation. This upregulation may be problematic, as many skin lesions are subject to sun exposure in an everyday setting.
authors.affiliation: Class of 2012, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castilla
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: Gizem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tumer
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: W Clark
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen