title: Polymorphisms in the glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1 and obsessive-compulsive symptoms induced by second-generation antipsychotic agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large subgroup of schizophrenic patients develops obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) during treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (SGA). A genetic risk factor for these secondary OCS was recently described in the gene SLC1A1 encoding the neuronal glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1. The aim of this study was to replicate these findings in a European sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 schizophrenic patients treated with SGAs were included. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC1A1 (rs2228622, rs3780412 and rs3780413), which had been associated with SGA-induced OCS, were investigated. Single marker and haplotype analyses were tested with logistic regressions using age, sex and medication type as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with markedly antiserotonergic SGAs such as clozapine was more prevalent in the subgroup of patients with comorbid OCS (P<0.001). The dosage and duration of clozapine treatment correlated significantly with the severity of OCS. In contrast to the Asian sample, no genetic associations were found with OCS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger samples are necessary to unravel the interplay of pharmacological and genetic risk factors for OCS in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. frederike.schirmbeck@zi-mannheim.de
authors.forename: Frederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schirmbeck
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nieratschker
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Englisch
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rausch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zink
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003710:Demography; D050580:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D050580:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; C493400:SLC1A1 protein, human