title: Investigation of antimicrobial activity and statistical optimization of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant production in solid-state fermentation.
abstract: During the last years, several applications of biosurfactants with medical purposes have been reported. Biosurfactants are considered relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases. However, their use is currently extremely limited due to their high cost in relation to that of chemical surfactants. Use of inexpensive substrates can drastically decrease its production cost. Here, twelve solid substrates were screened for the production of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant and the maximum yield was found with millet. A Plackett-Burman design was then used to evaluate the effects of five variables (temperature, moisture, initial pH, inoculum age, and inoculum size). Statistical analyses showed that temperature, inoculum age, and moisture content had significantly positive effect on SPB1 biosurfactant production. Their values were further optimized using a central composite design and a response surface methodology. The optimal conditions of temperature, inoculum age, and moisture content obtained under the conditions of study were 37°C, 14 h, and 88%, respectively. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of this compound was carried out against 11 bacteria and 8 fungi. The results demonstrated that this biosurfactant exhibited an important antimicrobial activity against microorganisms with multidrug-resistant profiles. Its activity was very effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and so forth.
authors.affiliation: Unité Enzyme et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia. dhouhag@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Dhouha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghribi
authors.forename: Lobna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abdelkefi-Mesrati
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mnif
authors.forename: Radhouan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kammoun
authors.forename: Imen
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ayadi
authors.forename: Imen
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saadaoui
authors.forename: Sameh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maktouf
authors.forename: Semia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaabouni-Ellouze
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water