title: Long-lived bone marrow plasma cells are induced early in response to T cell-independent or T cell-dependent antigens.
abstract: The signals required to generate long-lived plasma cells remain unresolved. One widely cited model posits that long-lived plasma cells derive from germinal centers (GCs) in response to T cell-dependent (TD) Ags. Thus, T cell-independent (TI) Ags, which fail to sustain GCs, are considered ineffective at generating long-lived plasma cells. However, we show that long-lived hapten-specific plasma cells are readily induced without formation of GCs. Long-lived plasma cells developed in T cell-deficient mice after a single immunization with haptenated LPS, a widely used TI Ag. Long-lived plasma cells also formed in response to TD Ag when the GC response was experimentally prevented. These observations establish that long-lived plasma cells are induced in both TI and TD responses, and can arise independently of B cell maturation in GCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bortnick
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chernova
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mugnier
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cancro
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Allman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000276:immunology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte