title: [Therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: HP-NAP].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence after 2 induction courses of BCG are eligible for radical cystectomy. So, in the last years research to discover new drugs for the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence after failure of first and second line therapy is ongoing. In accordance to the results obtained with BCG, whose mechanism depends on the induction of the T helper 1 (TH1) immune response, we investigated the activity of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, named Helicobacter Pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP-NAP), that we recently demonstrated being able of enhancing the differentiation of Th1 cells, both in vitro and in vivo, because of its ability to create an IL-12 enriched milieu.
  
  
  METHODS
  We show here, in a mouse model of bladder neoplasm implants, that local administration of HP-NAP decreases tumor growth by inducing tumor necrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result is joined up with a massive cluster of both CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells, within neoplasm and regional lymph nodes. It is of note that HP-NAP-treated tumors show also a reduced vascularization due to the anti-angiogenic activity of IFN-γ induced by HP-NAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that the activity of HP-NAP against urothelial tumor burden warrants subsequent in vivo studies.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Urologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy. dott.dagostino@gmail.com
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Racioppi
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filianoti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Gianfrancesco
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Codolo
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fassan
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Munari
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rugge
authors.forename: Mario Milco
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: D'Elios
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Bernard
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: Piefrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bassi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000819:agonists; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000819:agonists; D047368:Tumor Burden; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; C092412:neutrophil-activating protein A, Helicobacter pylori