title: Phenotypic characterization of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans grown under simulated microgravity using a three-dimensional clinostat.
abstract: The living and working environments of spacecraft become progressively contaminated by a number of microorganisms. A large number of microorganisms, including pathogenic microorganisms, some of which are fungi, have been found in the cabins of space stations. However, it is not known how the characteristics of microorganisms change in the space environment. To predict how a microgravity environment might affect fungi, and thus how their characteristics could change on board spacecraft, strains of the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were subjected to on-ground tests in a simulated microgravity environment produced by a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat. These fungi were incubated and cultured in a 3D clinostat in a simulated microgravity environment. No positive or negative differences in morphology, asexual reproductive capability, or susceptibility to antifungal agents were observed in cultures grown under simulated microgravity compared to those grown in normal earth gravity (1 G). These results strongly suggest that a microgravity environment, such as that on board spacecraft, allows growth of potentially pathogenic fungi that can contaminate the living environment for astronauts in spacecraft in the same way as they contaminate residential areas on earth. They also suggest that these organisms pose a similar risk of opportunistic infections or allergies in astronauts as they do in people with compromised immunity on the ground and that treatment of fungal infections in space could be the same as on earth.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makimura
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D018531:Spacecraft; D014893:Weightlessness; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation