title: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increases pain behavior and the blood glucose level: possible involvement of sympathetic nervous system.
abstract: The relationship between interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced nociception and the blood glucose level was studied in ICR mice. We found in the present study that intrathecal (i.t.) injection of IL-1β increased pain behavior. In addition, i.t. IL-1β injection caused an elevation of the blood glucose level. The time-course study showed that maximal blood glucose level was observed 30 and 60 min after i.t. IL-1β administration. Furthermore, i.t. injection of IL-1β enhanced the blood glucose level when mice were orally fed with d-glucose. The i.t. administration of IL-1β antagonist (AF12198) inhibited the hyperglycemia and pain behaviors induced by IL-1β. We found in the present study that adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA level was also increased by i.t. IL-1β injection. Furthermore, intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with phentolamine (an α(1)-adrenergic blocker) or yohimbine (an α(2)-adrenergic blocker) significantly attenuated the blood glucose level and pain behavior induced by IL-1β administered i.t. However, the blood glucose level and pain behavior were not affected by butoxamine (a β(2)-adrenergic blocker), whereas metoprolol (a β(2)-adrenergic blocker) enhanced IL-1β-induced blood glucose level and pain behavior in mice fed with d-glucose. However, its effect was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that IL-1β administered i.t. increases the blood glucose level via an activation of α adrenergic nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Soo-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yu-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jun-Sub
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ohk-Hyun
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Moon-Gi
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hong-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D059225:Nociception / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D053583:Interleukin-1beta