title: [Effect of botulinum toxin type B on residual limb sweating and pain. Is there a chance for indirect phantom pain reduction by improved prosthesis use?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperhidrosis of a residual limb after amputation is one of the most common reasons for impaired prosthesis use and quality of life and affects 30-50% of all amputees causing skin irritation in about 25%. Thus the probability of residual limb pain increases in addition to an increased likelihood of phantom pain due to shorter duration of prothesis use. Development of both types of pain was studied following treatment of hyperhidrosis in 9 amputees.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 9 lower limb amputees received injections of 1750 units of botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) for the treatment of hyperhidrosis of a residual limb (20 intracutaneous injections each). Prior to injections and 4 weeks and 3 months afterwards, patients rated the impairments regarding residual limb pain, phantom pain and sweating of the residual limb. Furthermore the duration of use of the prosthetic device and quality of life were rated on a numeric rating scale (NRS 0-10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stump pain (n=9) was highly significantly reduced after 3 months (baseline: NRS 5; 4 weeks: NRS 4, p=0.109; 3 months: NRS 3, p=0.008) and also a tendency for phantom pain after 3 months (baseline NRS 5; 3 months: NRS 3; p=0.109). Sweating of the residual limb prior to BTX-B application was rated as a median 7 on the NRS scale with significant improvements after 4 weeks (NRS 3, p=0.027) and 3 months (NRS 3, p=0.020). Impaired duration of prothesis use improved from NRS 8 to NRS 2 (4 weeks; p=0.023) and NRS 3 (3 months; p=0.023) as well as the quality of life (p=0.016, p=0.023, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residual limb pain improved 3 months after intracutaneous, low-dose BTX-B in a trial with 9 patients and also phantom pain by tendency. Sweating of the residual limb was significantly reduced, probably thereby improving the duration of prothesis use. Larger studies should confirm these findings and conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Schmerz- und Palliativzentrum Wiesbaden, Facharztzentrum medicum, Langenbeckplatz 2, 65189 Wiesbaden, Deutschland. dr.kern@schmerzzentrum-wiesbaden.de
authors.forename: K-U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schlereth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000672:Amputation Stumps; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A