title: Reduction of matrix effects and improvement of sensitivity during determination of two chloridazon degradation products in aqueous matrices by using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.
abstract: The development and validation of a sensitive and reliable detection method for the determination of two polar degradation products, desphenyl-chloridazon (DPC) and methyl-desphenyl-chloridazon (MDPC) in surface water, ground water and drinking water is presented. The method is based on direct large volume injection ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. This simple but powerful analytical method for polar substances in the aquatic environment is usually hampered by varying matrix effects, depending on the nature of different water bodies. For the two examined degradation products, the matrix effects are particularly strong compared with other polar degradation products of pesticides. Therefore, matrix effects were studied thoroughly with the aim of minimising them and improving sensitivity during determination by postcolumn addition of ammonia solution as a modifier. An internal standard was used in order to compensate for remaining matrix effects. The calibration curve shows very good coefficients of correlation (0.9994 for DPC and 0.9999 for MDPC). Intraday precision values were lower than 5 % for DPC, 3 % for MDPC and the limits of detection were 10 ng/L for both substances. The method was successfully used in a national round robin test with a deviation between 3 and 8 % from target values. Finally, about 1,000 samples from different water bodies have been examined with this method in the Rhine and Ruhr region of North-Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) and in the European Union. Approximately 76 % of analysed samples contained measurable amounts of DPC at concentrations up to 8 μg/L while 53 % of the samples showed MDPC concentrations up to 2.3 μg/L.
authors.affiliation: IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, 45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kowal
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balsaa
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Werres
authors.forename: Torsten C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D011724:Pyridazines; C005586:pyrazon