title: Neuroimaging auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: from neuroanatomy to neurochemistry and beyond.
abstract: Despite more than 2 decades of neuroimaging investigations, there is currently insufficient evidence to fully understand the neurobiological substrate of auditory hallucinations (AH). However, some progress has been made with imaging studies in patients with AH consistently reporting altered structure and function in speech and language, sensory, and nonsensory regions. This report provides an update of neuroimaging studies of AH with a particular emphasis on more recent anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical imaging studies. Specifically, we provide (1) a review of findings in schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia voice hearers, (2) a discussion regarding key issues that have interfered with progress, and (3) practical recommendations for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, DeCrespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. p.allen@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Modinos
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hubl
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cachia
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jardri
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shotbolt
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plaze
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D059906:Neuroimaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011859:Radiography; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*