title: Inverse dynamics analysis evaluation of tibial tuberosity advancement for cranial cruciate ligament failure in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, using inverse dynamic analysis, the biomechanical outcome from tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) surgery in dogs affected by unilateral cranial cruciate ligament failure (CCLF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n = 13) 11-20 months after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kinematic and force data were collected from 13 dogs 11-20 months after TTA and inverse dynamics analysis of the dogs' pelvic limb mechanical function performed. Angle, moment, and power were calculated for each joint. Total support moment (TSM) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six dogs were affected on the right side (Raff) and 7 on the left (Laff). Peak stifle flexor moment was significantly larger for the right stifle compared with the left in Laff dogs, but similar in Raff dogs. Peak stifle extensor moment was significantly larger for the left stifle compared with the right in Raff dogs, and was also larger for the left stifle compared with the right in Laff dogs. Stifle power in early stance was larger on the left in Raff dogs and significantly larger on the right in Laff dogs. TSM was larger on the right in Raff dogs and significantly larger on the right in Laff dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Affected limbs had a reduction in power of the stifle flexors. Irrespective of the side of CCLF, TSM was larger on the right side and the stifle extensor moment in late stance was larger on the left, perhaps indicating a mechanical limb dominance effect.
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK. mark.bush@scvetspecialists.co.uk
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: G Robert
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Colborne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013264:Stifle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013640:Tarsal Joints / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome