title: Validation of the measures of the transtheoretical model for exercise in an adult African-American sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  African-Americans have high rates of physical inactivity-related morbidity and mortality, thus effective interventions to increase exercise are necessary. Tailored interventions show promise, but measures need validation in this population. This study validated transtheoretical model measures for exercise in an African-American sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional measure development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone survey of individuals in North Carolina.
  
  
  METHODS
  521 African-American adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stages of change, decisional balance (pros and cons), self-efficacy and processes of change (POC) for regular exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Confirmatory factor analyses tested measurement models. Multivariate analyses examined relationships between each construct and stages of change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For decisional balance, the two-factor uncorrelated model was the most parsimonious good-fitting model (χ(235) = 158.76; comparative fit index [CFI], .92; average absolute standardized residual [AASR], .04), and alphas were good (pros α = .85 and cons α = .74). The one-factor model for self-efficacy (α = .80) revealed an excellent fit (χ(29) = 45.51; CFI, .96; AASR, .03). For the POC subscales with good alphas (α = .62-.91), a 10-factor fully correlated model fit best (χ(2)[360] = 786.75; CFI, .91; AASR, .04). Multivariate analyses by stage of change replicated expected patterns for the pros, self-efficacy, and POC measures with medium-sized effects (η(2)  =  .05-.13). Results by stage of change did not replicate for the cons scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structures of these measures replicated with good internal and external validity, except for the cons scale, which requires additional development. Results support the use of these measures in tailored interventions to increase exercise among African-Americans.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Cerissa L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Blaney
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: Colleen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Redding
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blissmer
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burditt
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oatley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D015444:Exercise; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009657:North Carolina; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055815:Young Adult