title: The impact of long-term CO2 enrichment on sun and shade needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies): photosynthetic performance, needle anatomy and phenolics accumulation.
abstract: Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) grown under ambient (365-377 μmol(CO(2)) mol(-1); AC) and elevated (700 μmol(CO(2)) mol(-1); EC) CO(2) concentrations within glass domes with automatically adjustable windows and on an open-air control site were studied after 8 years of treatment. The effect of EC on photosynthesis, mesophyll structure and phenolics accumulation in sun and shade needles was examined. Photosynthetic assimilation and dark respiration rates were measured gasometrically; the structural parameters of mesophyll were determined using confocal microscopy and stereological methods. The contents of total soluble phenolics and lignin were assessed spectrophotometrically, and localizations of different phenolic groups were detected histochemically on needle cross-sections. EC enhanced the light-saturated CO(2) assimilation rate and reduced dark respiration in the current-year needles. No effects of CO(2) enrichment on mesophyll structural parameters were observed. Similarly, the accumulation and localization of phenolics and lignin remained unaffected by EC treatment. Needles differentiated into sun and shade ecotypes in the same manner and to the same extent irrespective of CO(2) treatment. Based on these results, it is apparent that the EC-induced enhancement of photosynthesis is not related to changes in the examined structural parameters of mesophyll and accumulation of phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic. zuza.lhotak@seznam.cz
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lhotáková
authors.forename: Otmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubánková
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cvikrová
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tomášková
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kubínová
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zvára
authors.forename: Michal V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrechtová
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060146:Ecotype; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D058503:Mesophyll Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D028222:Picea / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D013472:Sunlight; D013997:Time Factors; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008031:Lignin