title: In vitro effects of doxycycline on inflammatory cytokines and gelatinases in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is unknown, but the majority of patients suffer from eosinophilic infiltration. We hypothesised that doxycycline might alter the eosinophil-associated expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and eotaxin-3 in CRS and also the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), being involved in the tissue-remodelling in CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining samples from 10 CRS patients with and without nasal-polyposis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery and two healthy individuals, the expression of IL-5, eotaxin-3 and MMP-9 were evaluated by an ELISA technique. The tested agent was doxycycline at 0.1 or 1 mg/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-5 levels remained unchanged, but eotaxin-3 levels actually increased under doxycycline treatment. The only marker showing a slight drop was MMP-9, albeit not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As first clinical trials with doxycycline in the treatment of CRS produced reasonable results we could demonstrate that the underlying pathology is more complex, and doxycycline affects only a part of the factors believed to support the chronic infection of the respiratory mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany. ulrich.sommer@umm.de
authors.forename: J Ulrich
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Johannes D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grossbaier
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stern-Straeter
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hörmann
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauter
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C120429:CCL26 protein, human; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016207:Cytokines; C508599:IL5 protein, human; D015848:Interleukin-5; D018093:Gelatinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D004318:Doxycycline