title: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures:  a technique to aid fracture reduction and minimize complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a modified operative technique for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for acute displaced humeral shaft fractures and to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Prospective clinical series study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with acute displaced humeral shaft fractures were treated by MIPO with a modified fracture reduction technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A narrow 4.5/5.0-mm locking compression plate was applied to the anterior aspect of the humerus. Fracture reduction and manipulation were performed using a plate and drill bits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The operating time, time to union, humeral alignment, and functional outcome of the shoulder and elbow joints were evaluated using the University of California Los Angeles shoulder score and Mayo elbow performance score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient experienced a neurological complication. Bony union was obtained in 20/21 patients at a mean 17.5 weeks postoperatively. Eighteen patients had excellent and 3 patients had good results in the University of California Los Angeles score. The average Mayo elbow performance score was 97.5. Two patients were converted to an open reduction during operation due to a failure of MIPO. There was 1 nonunion and 1 malunion in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the MIPO technique for humeral shaft fractures is technically demanding, satisfactory clinical outcomes in terms of bony union and shoulder and elbow function can be obtained using the modified fracture reduction method. Potential postoperative complications, such as malreduction and nonunion, must be considered. Appropriate surgical indications, a thorough understanding of the neurovascular anatomy and skillful surgical technique, are needed to reduce potential complications.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hoon-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Nam-Hoon
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Do
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult