title: A stepwise approach to transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal cancer using a single-incision laparoscopic port.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radical rectal resection with total mesorectal excision is the current standard of care for the operative treatment of rectal cancer. Local excision is an acceptable alternative in selected patients with early disease (T(is)0-T(1)) and low-risk features, in whom radical resection may be associated with unacceptably high morbidity. With recent data demonstrating favorable results in well-selected patients, the role of local excision for rectal cancer is expanding.1 (,) 2 Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), which requires the use of an operating anoscope, has been used for the local excision of mid-upper rectal tumors. We describe an alternative approach to TEM for rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a stepwise technique for TEM using a single-incision laparoscopic (SILS) port. The patient is a 64 year-old male with a right anterolateral rectal polyp 7 cm from the anal verge, which on snare polypectomy demonstrated in-situ carcinoma with positive margins. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated uT(1) disease with no lymphadenopathy. He opted for local excision and underwent TEM. Our stepwise approach includes: (1) delineation of excision margins, (2) full thickness incision of the rectal wall, (3) circumferential dissection, and full thickness excision, and (4) suture repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was performed without intraoperative or postoperative complications. Final pathology revealed in-situ carcinoma with widely negative margins. At 1- and 3-week follow-up visits, the patient was pain free with normal bowel activity and no rectal bleeding or genitourinary dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEM using a SILS port is an effective technique for the local excision of mid-upper rectal cancer in well-selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Anaya
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albo
authors.forename: Avo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artinyan
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*