title: CT scans of the chest in carriers of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1: presence of interstitial pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate pulmonary findings on computed tomography (CT) scans in carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at each institution, and informed consent was waived. Patients who were diagnosed with adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia or collagen vascular disease were excluded from the study. Chest CT of 106 HTLV-1 carriers (54 females and 52 males; age range 44-94 years) were initially evaluated by two chest radiologists. Assessed CT findings included centrilobular nodules, thickening of bronchovascular bundles, ground-glass opacity, bronchiectasis, interlobular septal thickening, consolidation, honeycombing, crazy-paving appearance, enlarged lymph nodes, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion. Three chest radiologists secondarily evaluated the CT scans with the abnormal findings to judge the presence of interstitial pneumonia patterns or a bronchiolitis/bronchitis pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal CT findings were found in 65 (61.3%) patients, including ground-glass opacity (n = 33), bronchiectasis (n = 28), centrilobular nodules (n = 25), and interlobular septal thickening (n = 19). Honeycombing (n = 5) and crazy-paving appearance (n = 3) were also observed. Based on the CT findings, 10 subjects were diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia (usual interstitial pneumonia pattern, n = 3; nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern, n = 5; organizing pneumonia pattern, n = 2; respectively). Twenty subjects were diagnosed with the bronchitis/bronchiolitis pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the bronchiolitis/bronchitis pattern is predominant on chest CT in HTLV-1 carriers, the HTLV-1 infection is associated with various interstitial pneumonias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. clatsune@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyara
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibo
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akamine
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moromizato
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yara
authors.forename: Sadayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed