title: Is bone microarchitecture status of the lumbar spine assessed by TBS related to femoral neck fracture? A Spanish case-control study.
abstract: Bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) constitutes the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis. However, DXA does not take into account bone microarchitecture alterations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The aim of our study was to evaluate the ability of trabecular bone score (TBS) at lumbar spine to discriminate subjects with hip fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  We presented a case-control study of 191 Spanish women aged 50 years and older. Women presented transcervical fractures only. BMD was measured at lumbar spine (LS-BMD) using a Prodigy densitometer. TBS was calculated directly on the same spine image. Descriptive statistics, tests of difference and univariate and multivariate backward regressions were used. Odds ratio (OR) and the ROC curve area of discriminating parameters were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 83 subjects with a fracture and 108 control subjects. Significant lower spine and hip BMD and TBS values were found for subjects with fractures (p < 0.0001). Correlation between LS-BMD and spine TBS was modest (r = 0.41, p < 0.05). LS-BMD and TBS independently discriminate fractures equally well (OR = 2.21 [1.56-3.13] and 2.05 [1.45-2.89], respectively) but remain lower than BMD at neck or at total femur (OR = 5.86 [3.39-10.14] and 6.06 [3.55-10.34], respectively). After adjusting for age, LS-BMD and TBS remain significant for transcervical fracture discrimination (OR = 1.94 [1.35-2.79] and 1.71 [1.15-2.55], respectively). TBS and LS-BMD combination (OR = 2.39[1.70-3.37]) improved fracture risk prediction by 25 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the potential of TBS to discriminate subjects with and without hip fracture. TBS and LS-BMD combination improves fracture risk prediction. Nevertheless, BMD at hip remains the best predictor of hip fracture.
authors.affiliation: CETIR Grup Mèdic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Del Rio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winzenrieth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Gregorio
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods