title: Parathyroid imaging: the importance of dual-radiopharmaceutical simultaneous acquisition with 99mTc-sestamibi and 123I.
abstract: Our objective was to compare the accuracy of 3 imaging protocols for the detection of parathyroid adenomas: single-tracer, dual-phase imaging with (99m)Tc-sestamibi; dual-tracer, single-phase imaging with simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (123)I images; and dual-tracer, dual-phase imaging with simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (123)I images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with surgical proof of parathyroid adenomas were evaluated. Three different protocols were derived from a single study in each patient, resulting in an intrapatient intrastudy comparison. The first derived protocol was the conventional dual-phase protocol with (99m)Tc-sestamibi consisting of anterior and anterior-oblique pinhole images of the neck at 15 min and 3 h plus parallel-hole images of the neck and upper chest at both imaging times. The second derived protocol was a dual-tracer, single-phase protocol consisting of administration of (123)I followed 2 h later by (99m)Tc-sestamibi. Fifteen minutes later, anterior and anterior oblique pinhole images of the (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (123)I were acquired simultaneously, allowing generation of perfectly coregistered subtraction images. Parallel-hole images of the neck and upper chest were also obtained. The third protocol was the same as the second except that the same imaging protocol was repeated at 3 h. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians indicated the location of any identified lesion and graded the certainty of diagnosis on a 3-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients had 41 parathyroid adenomas. For the 2 observers combined, the localization success rate was 66% for the single-tracer, dual-phase protocol; 94% for the dual-tracer, single-phase protocol; and 90% for the dual-phase, dual-tracer protocol. Both dual-tracer protocols were significantly more accurate than the single-tracer protocol (P < 0.01); there was no significant difference between the 2 dual-tracer protocols. In addition, the degree of certainty of localization was greater with the 2 dual-tracer protocols than the single-tracer protocol (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dual-tracer, single-phase parathyroid imaging protocol consisting of simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (123)I images with pinhole collimation at 15 min and perfectly coregistered subtraction results in a higher degree of accuracy and a greater degree of diagnostic certainty than the commonly used single-tracer, dual-phase protocol of imaging (99m)Tc-sestamibi alone at 15 min and 3 h. The addition of delayed imaging to the dual-tracer protocol did not improve results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Caveny
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.forename: Wesley E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sage-El
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raeburn
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi