title: Biochemical, microbiological and phytochemical studies on aqueous-fermented extracts from Atropa belladonna L. Part 1--biochemistry and microbiology.
abstract: Extraction methods of fresh plants into aqueous-fermented extracts according to German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HAB), regulation nos. 33 and 34 were evaluated. In the course of production, the extraction is accompanied by fermentation and the resulting preparation is stored for at least 6 months until further processing. The present work aimed at revealing the underlying biochemical reactions during manufacture and storage. In addition, the responsible microorganisms were isolated and identified. To study the robustness of the preparation method, formulation components as well as production conditions were varied. Additionally, questions were addressed at the reproducibility of the method and a comparison with an ethanolic extract was also performed. From 2006 to 2009, 110 extracts from the fresh flowering herb of Atropa belladonna var. belladonna (L.) were produced and analyzed. The results show that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are primarily involved in the fermentation process, mainly producing lactic acid besides acetic acid and ethanol. The homofermentative Lactobacillus plantarum and the heterofermentative Lactobacillus brevis were identified as predominant lactic acid bacteria. Finally, factors for a successful fermentation are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarzenberger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stintzing
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindequist
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis; D000143:Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000438:Alcohols / Q000032:analysis; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D001532:Atropa belladonna / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D058491:Bacterial Load; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004356:Drug Storage; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D000431:Ethanol; D005285:Fermentation; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis; D008419:Materia Medica; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D009812:Odorants; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D012997:Solvents; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000143:Acids; D000438:Alcohols; D000447:Aldehydes; D004731:Endotoxins; D007773:Lactates; D008419:Materia Medica; D009005:Monosaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol