title: Role of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals from India (South).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite and an etiological agent for trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Fifty to eighty percentage of women with trichomoniasis are asymptomatic and in the absence of treatment the infection persists longer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis and also to look at the frequency of infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-nested PCR was standardized to detect 102 bp size amplified product of the adhesin gene of T. vaginalis. The real time performance of this assay was performed with vaginal swab samples from 198 HIV-seropositive women who attended the infectious disease clinic and compared with wet mount and culture in Diamond's modified media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the prospectively studied 198 HIV-infected women, 1 (0.51%) was positive by wet mount, 6 (3.03%) were positive by culture and 10 (5.02%) were positive by the PCR. There was a significant observed agreement between the PCR and culture (k=0.74, Z=10.7, P<0.0000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that the PCR assay for the amplification of adhesion gene is a highly sensitive method to screen the high risk group individuals like HIV-positive women for Trichomonas vaginalis compared to the culture. Testing algorithm should be, wet mount and if negative, test by PCR as it is rapid compared to culture which takes 7 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Hema
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Dincy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Susanne A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pulimood
authors.forename: Oriapadickal Cherian
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Elezabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: Jasmine H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kannangai
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult