title: Adolescents, IUDs, PID, and Enterococcus: a report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine devices are being used more frequently in adolescents requiring long-term reversible contraception. This population of sexually active adolescents is also at risk for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two cases of PID in adolescents with IUDs in place, both of whom had symptom resolution with removal of their IUDs, and in whom both IUDs were culture positive for Enterococcus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whether these results indicate vaginal contamination or a causative agent for PID is unclear, but one should consider alternative causes of PID in adolescents with IUDs, particularly in those with prolonged symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Bravender.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: Terrill
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bravender
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Matson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel