title: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of a novel anticancer             agent for prostate cancer.
abstract: The objective of these studies was to examine the murine pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of (3-(1H-indol-2-yl)phenyl)(1H-indol-2-yl)methanone (Indole 15), a novel tubulin inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. We developed HPLC and LC/MS/MS assays to quantitate Indole 15 and characterize its metabolites in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed after intravenous (IV), oral (PO) and subcutaneous (SC) administration of 10 mg/kg doses to male ICR mice. Urine and fecal samples were also collected over a 72-h period to identify metabolites. Pharmacodynamic studies were conducted by monitoring the tumor size change during a period of two weeks in PC-3 tumor bearing mice after daily IV administration of Indole 15 at doses of 0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg. The pooled plasma concentration data after administration via different dose routes was simultaneously fitted by a two-compartmental model. Indole 15 was moderately well absorbed after PO and SC administration, with a bioavailable fraction of 0.27 and 0.72, respectively. The steady state volume distribution (Vss) and clearance (CL) were estimated to be 7.0 l/kg and 4.36 l/h/kg, respectively. The mean data of PC-3 tumor growth in mice was fitted well by a transduction model using fixed plasma pharmacokinetics as a driving function. Analysis of the metabolites in mice indicated that the compound undergoes extensive oxidative metabolism with subsequent sulfation. These studies demonstrate that favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of Indole 15 offer hope for achieving pharmacological activity in early clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State                     University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sunjoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Zengru
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dong-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Duane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dalton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004355:Drug Stability; D006207:Half-Life; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C557277:(3-(1H-indol-2-yl)phenyl)(1H-indol-2-yl)methanone; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D050257:Tubulin Modulators