title: The cGMP signaling pathway affects feeding behavior in the necromenic nematode Pristionchus pacificus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genetic tractability and the species-specific association with beetles make the nematode Pristionchus pacificus an exciting emerging model organism for comparative studies in development and behavior. P. pacificus differs from Caenorhabditis elegans (a bacterial feeder) by its buccal teeth and the lack of pharyngeal grinders, but almost nothing is known about which genes coordinate P. pacificus feeding behaviors, such as pharyngeal pumping rate, locomotion, and fat storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed P. pacificus pharyngeal pumping rate and locomotion behavior on and off food, as well as on different species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Caulobacter crescentus). We found that the cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) Ppa-EGL-4 in P. pacificus plays an important role in regulating the pumping rate, mouth form dimorphism, the duration of forward locomotion, and the amount of fat stored in intestine. In addition, Ppa-EGL-4 interacts with Ppa-OBI-1, a recently identified protein involved in chemosensation, to influence feeding and locomotion behavior. We also found that C. crescentus NA1000 increased pharyngeal pumping as well as fat storage in P. pacificus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PKG EGL-4 has conserved functions in regulating feeding behavior in both C. elegans and P. pacificus nematodes. The Ppa-EGL-4 also has been co-opted during evolution to regulate P. pacificus mouth form dimorphism that indirectly affect pharyngeal pumping rate. Specifically, the lack of Ppa-EGL-4 function increases pharyngeal pumping, time spent in forward locomotion, and fat storage, in part as a result of higher food intake. Ppa-OBI-1 functions upstream or parallel to Ppa-EGL-4. The beetle-associated omnivorous P. pacificus respond differently to changes in food state and food quality compared to the exclusively bacteriovorous C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Silvina M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kroetz
authors.forename: Jagan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yaghoobian
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: Ray L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016935:Caulobacter crescentus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D009043:Motor Activity; D009348:Nematoda / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C470349:EGL-4 protein, C elegans