title: Recovery of cognitive functioning in patients with co-occurring bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence during early remission from an acute mood episode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine cognitive recovery in patients with co-occurring bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol dependence (AD) during remission from an acute mood disturbance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five adult inpatients with bipolar I disorder (BD I) completed a neuropsychological battery, mood measures, and substance abuse measures upon discharge from the hospital and at a 3-month follow-up. Analyses provided group comparisons on these measures between patients who presented with co-occurring AD (n = 21) in the year prior to hospital admission and patients without a substance use disorder (SUD; n = 34).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses of variance detected group differences on measures of visual memory, verbal memory, and executive functioning, using previous number of psychiatric admissions and age of onset of BD as covariates. These differences occurred both at discharge and follow-up. Between discharge and follow-up, the group without SUD exhibited more substantial gains than the group of dually diagnosed patients on free recall of verbal and visual materials and on a measure of cognitive flexibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with co-occurring BD and AD may suffer from more severe cognitive dysfunction and less favorable recovery of cognitive deficits than patients without SUD over the course of remission from a mood episode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA. boaz.levy@umb.edu
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manove
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) / Q000523:psychology; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*