title: Characterization of a posed smile and evaluation of facial attractiveness by panel perception and its correlation with hard and soft tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether specific hard and soft tissue had any effect on smile characteristics and to ascertain the opinions of laypersons and clinicians in evaluating facial attractiveness among different occlusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Photographs of posed smiles, along with profiles and full faces, of 76 patients with different occlusions were captured, and a lateral cephalogram of each subject was traced. These photographs were judged by a panel of 10 clinicians and 10 laypersons on a 5-point visual analog scale. Quantitative measurements were carried out on the smile images for 14 smile characteristics. The effect of hard and soft tissue on these characteristics was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The upper vermilion lip thickness was affected by Pt.A-UI and E-line to upper lip, while the lower vermilion lip thickness was affected by lower anterior facial height. FMA had a significant positive effect on gingival display (P ≤ .05). This meant that an increase in FMA also caused the gingival display to increase. The nasolabial angle showed a significant positive effect on incisal display, while FMA showed a negative effect on intercanine width. Lower facial height and FMA had a significant negative effect on the smile index. A correlation was found between the judgments of clinicians and laypersons. Both judged Class I relationships to be the most attractive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FMA was found to have a positive effect on the amount of gingival display. It was also observed that patients with Class II Division 1 relationships had the thickest lips compared with patients having other types of occlusions. Class III patients exhibited no gingival display on smile. Patients with Class I showed the maximum smile width, while patients with Class III showed the least amount of buccal corridor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthodontics, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Budhera, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. drsmritimalhotra@gmail.com
authors.forename: Smriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Maninder Singh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: Anuraj Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kochhar
mesh_terms: D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip; D012904:Smiling