title: Whole-genome sequencing of the efficient industrial fuel-ethanol fermentative Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CAT-1.
abstract: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains widely used for industrial fuel-ethanol production have been developed by selection, but their underlying beneficial genetic polymorphisms remain unknown. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequence of the S. cerevisiae strain CAT-1, which is a dominant fuel-ethanol fermentative strain from the sugarcane industry in Brazil. Our results indicate that strain CAT-1 is a highly heterozygous diploid yeast strain, and the ~12-Mb genome of CAT-1, when compared with the reference S228c genome, contains ~36,000 homozygous and ~30,000 heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms, exhibiting an uneven distribution among chromosomes due to large genomic regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). In total, 58 % of the 6,652 predicted protein-coding genes of the CAT-1 genome constitute different alleles when compared with the genes present in the reference S288c genome. The CAT-1 genome contains a reduced number of transposable elements, as well as several gene deletions and duplications, especially at telomeric regions, some correlated with several of the physiological characteristics of this industrial fuel-ethanol strain. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that some genes were likely associated with traits important for bioethanol production. Identifying and characterizing the allelic variations controlling traits relevant to industrial fermentation should provide the basis for a forward genetics approach for developing better fermenting yeast strains.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Farbod
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Babrzadeh
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jalili
authors.forename: Chunlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shokralla
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robinson-Mosher
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyren
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.forename: Luiz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Henrique V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: de Amorim
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ronaghi
authors.forename: Baback
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gharizadeh
authors.forename: Boris U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Stambuk
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology; D004171:Diploidy; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000235:genetics; D018628:Gene Dosage; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D000431:Ethanol