title: Early-onset port site (drain site) hernia in pediatric laparoscopy: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic procedures for children with urological problems are common under the present conditions. Laparoscopic surgery is associated with complications such as port site hernia that are not associated with open surgery. Drain site hernia is one variety of port site hernia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a retrospective analysis for the development of port site hernias among pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic procedures. We also analyzed the various methods of prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 148 children who underwent laparoscopic procedures, 5 (3.4%) had a port site hernia in the early postoperative period. All of them were drain site hernias with early presentations, and the content was omentum. Three patients had reduction under sedation. Two patients needed laparoscopy: one for the reduction into the preperitoneal space and the other for the nonreducible hernia due to omental edema. All the patients had an uneventful recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Port site hernia is an uncommon complication in children undergoing laparoscopy. The drain site is the predominant location of port site hernia. Sedation during drain removal and judicious use of drain may help to decrease such occurrences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. uroram@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Manickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.forename: Kallappan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senthil
authors.forename: Anandan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murugesan
authors.forename: Mizar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006547:Hernia; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects