title: Changes in concentrations of fluoroquinolones and of ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in chicken feces and manure stored in a heap.
abstract: This study evaluated the impact of storing chicken manure on the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), and on the survival of CIP-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. At 24 d of age, half of 8900 chickens received ENR for 5 d. After the animals departed, their manure was stored in two heaps for 63 d. Enterobacteriaceae were cultured on media containing 0 to 32 mg L⁻¹ of CIP. A total of 320 isolates were fingerprinted using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to evaluate community structure. Initial concentrations of ENR and CIP in the heap were 22 and 1.8 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Seventy-three percent of the two fluoroquinolones were eliminated during storage. The administration of ENR led to a 5.1 log₋₁₀ decrease in Enterobacteriaceae concentrations and emergence of CIP-resistant bacteria, which became dominant in the feces. concentrations decreased 1.2 to 2.3 log₋₁₀ 2 d after the heaps were made and continued to decline during storage. No resistant were found by Day 63. The highest CIP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values observed among isolates of and of both and sp. were 128 and 4 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The dominant ERIC-PCR profiles changed over time. There was no relationship between genotype and resistance-isolated strains to CIP. Storing chicken manure in heaps appeared to be an effective way of limiting the entrance of CIP-resistant E. coli into the environment but did not prevent the dissemination of fluoroquinolones after land spreading.
authors.affiliation: Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, Romania.
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moraru
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pourcher
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jadas-Hecart
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ziebal
authors.forename: Magalie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kervarrec
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Comunal
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mares
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dabert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin