title: Chronic aspiration shifts the immune response from adaptive immunity to innate immunity in a murine model of asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis that aspiration of gastric fluid drives the anti-ovalbumin response toward a Th2 reaction even in animals not prone to Th2 responses was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin starting 5 weeks prior to the initiation of weekly aspirations of either gastric fluid or normal saline as a control. Weekly aspiration continued during the course of exposure to ovalbumin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aspiration consisted of 50 μl of gastric fluid with 50 μl of 0.9 % normal saline used as a control. Antigen exposure consisted of sensitization to ovalbumin via intraperitoneal injection on days 0 and 14 and challenge on day 21 with aerosolized antigen for 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No evidence of a shift toward a Th2 response as a result of gastric fluid aspiration was seen in the Th1-prone strain utilized, although a profound down-regulation of a broad array of T cell-associated cytokines and chemokines and up-regulation of macrophage-associated markers was observed as a result of aspiration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide support for the hypothesis that the clinical association between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) does not involve an exacerbation of asthma by GERD-associated aspiration of gastric fluid, but may cause immune reactions unrelated to the asthma pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Kuei-Ying
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Anitra D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jui-Chih
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Zoie E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Holzknecht
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: W Michael
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: R Duane
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Shu S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005750:Gastric Juice; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000276:immunology; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000473:pathology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D010047:Ovalbumin