title: On the mechanism of Candida spp. photoinactivation by hypericin.
abstract: The photoprocesses involved in hypericin photoinactivation of three different Candida species (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei) have been examined. Production of singlet oxygen from the triplet state and of superoxide from both the triplet state and the semiquinone radical anion are demonstrated. Hydrogen peroxide is formed downstream of these early events. The outcome of the photodynamic treatments is dictated by the intracellular distribution of hypericin, which is different in the three species and affects the ability of hypericin to produce the different reactive oxygen species and trigger cell-death pathways. The results are in line with the previously-observed different susceptibilities of the three Candida species to hypericin photodynamic treatments.
authors.affiliation: IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López-Chicón
authors.forename: Manuel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paz-Cristobal
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezusta
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aspiroz
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Royo-Cañas
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andres-Ciriano
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gilaberte
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agut
authors.forename: Santi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonell
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000378:metabolism; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D016227:Benzoquinones; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; C025232:semiquinone radicals; D010569:Perylene; C004965:hypericin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide