title: A new pattern-based method for identifying recent HIV-1 infections from the viral env sequence.
abstract: The long asymptomatic stage of HIV infection poses a great challenge in identifying recent HIV infections. This is a bottleneck for monitoring HIV epidemic trends and evaluating the effectiveness of national AIDS control programs. Several serological methods were used to address this issue with some success. Because of high false-positive rates in patients with advanced infection or in ART treatment, UNAIDS still hesitates to recommend their use in routine surveillance. We developed a new pattern-based method for measuring intra-patient viral genetic diversity for determination of recent infections and estimation of population incidence. This method is verified by using several datasets (424 subtype B and 77 CRF07_BC samples) with clearly identified HIV-1 infection times. Pattern-based diversities of recent infections are significantly lower than that of chronic ones. With larger window periods varying from 200 to 350 days, a higher accuracy (90%-95%) not affected by advanced disease nor ART treatment could be obtained. The pattern-based genetic method is supplementary to the existing serology-based assays, both of which could be suitable for use in low and high epidemic regions, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiayu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Senlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Quanbi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Xianming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins