title: Modifiable risk factors for West Nile virus infection during an outbreak--Arizona, 2010.
abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States; however, risk factors for infection are poorly defined. We performed a case-control study to identify modifiable risk factors for WNV infection. Case-patients (N = 49) had laboratory evidence of recent WNV infection, whereas control-subjects (N = 74) had negative WNV serology. We interviewed participants, surveyed households, and assessed environmental data. WNV infection was associated with living in or near Water District X within Gilbert Township (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.5-18.1), having water-holding containers in their yard (aOR 5.0; 95% CI = 1.5-17.3), and not working or attending school outside the home (aOR 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-5.5). During this outbreak, WNV infection was likely primarily acquired peri-domestically with increased risk associated with potential mosquito larval habitats around the home and neighborhood.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. Katherine.Gibney@monash.edu
authors.forename: Katherine B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colborn
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baty
authors.forename: Andrean M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bunko Patterson
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Tasha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacMillan
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Delorey
authors.forename: John-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mutebi
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: J Erin
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Staples
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D055815:Young Adult