title: Lipopolysaccharide-activated dendritic cells: "exhausted" or alert and waiting?
abstract: LPS-activated dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to follow a set program in which they secrete inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-12) and then become refractory to further stimulation (i.e., "exhausted"). In this study, we show that mouse DCs do indeed lose their responsiveness to LPS, but nevertheless remain perfectly capable of making inflammatory cytokines in response to signals from activated T cells and to CD40-ligand and soluble T cell-derived signals. Furthermore, far from being rigidly programmed by the original activating stimulus, the DCs retained sufficient plasticity to respond differentially to interactions with Th0, Th1, Th2, and Th17 T cells. These data suggest that LPS activation does not exhaust DCs but rather primes them for subsequent signals from T cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. kabdi@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: Kaveh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.forename: Nevil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Polly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matzinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides