title: [Effects of herbs capable of activating blood circulation or inducing diuresis on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor-kappaB, and aquaporin-4 in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of herbs capable of activating blood circulation or inducing diuresis on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and to study their possible mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ICH rat model was established by injecting autologous arterial blood into the right caudate nucleus. The 168 male rats were randomly divided into four groups, the sham-operative group, the model group, the blood activating group, and the diuresis inducing group, 42 in each group. Chinese compound decoction (consisting of 0.2 g rhubarb, 0.02 g leech, and 0.3 g notoginseng in each milliliter decoction) was given to rats in the blood activating group by gastrogavage at the dose of 10 mL/kg, once daily. Chinese compound decoction (consisting of 0.2 g poria, 0.2 g water plantain tuber, and 0.2 g acori graninei in each milliliter decoction) was given to rats in the diuresis inducing group by gastrogavage at the dose of 10 mL/kg, once daily. 4.0 mL/kg normal saline was given to rats in the model group and the sham-operative group by gastrogavage, once daily. A series of brain samples were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of TNFalpha, NF-kappaB p65, and AQP-4 were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ICH, TNF-alpha, NF-KB, and AQP-4 protein positive cells in the brain tissue and their protein and mRNA expressions significantly increased in rats of the model group at each time point when compared with the sham-operative group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The gene and protein expressions of TNF-alpha and AQP-4 significantly decreased in the blood activating group and the diuresis inducing group at each time point when compared with the model group (PP < 0.05). The expression of NF-kappaB p65 in the blood activating group obviously decreased when compared with the model group (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the NF-KB expression when compared with the diuresis inducing group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the water content of the brain tissue decreased to some degree in the blood activating group and the diuresis inducing group at each time point. There was statistical difference between the blood activating group and the diuresis inducing group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese herbs capable of activating blood circulation or inducing diuresis could inhibit the release of TNF-alpha, down-regulate the expression of AQP-4, and alleviate the brain edema around hematoma. But the action strength and the effect links were different.
authors.affiliation: Department of National Integrative Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (100029). cuixiangning@126.com
authors.forename: Xiang-Ning
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yu-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004231:Diuresis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C496032:Aqp4 protein, rat; D051401:Aquaporin 4; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha