title: Tissue phantoms in multicenter clinical trials for diffuse optical technologies.
abstract: Tissue simulating phantoms are an important part of instrumentation validation, standardization/training and clinical translation. Properly used, phantoms form the backbone of sound quality control procedures. We describe the development and testing of a series of optically turbid phantoms used in a multi-center American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) clinical trial of Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI). The ACRIN trial is designed to measure the response of breast tumors to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Phantom measurements are used to determine absolute instrument response functions during each measurement session and assess both long and short-term operator and instrument reliability.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92617,  USA.
authors.forename: Albert E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cerussi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roblyer
authors.forename: Anaїs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leproux
authors.forename: Amanda F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keene
authors.forename: Hosain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haghany
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quang
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mantulin
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tromberg