title: The economic implications of unsuspected findings from CT urography performed for haematuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We set out to determine the prevalence of unsuspected findings from CT urography (CTU) performed for haematuria and to evaluate the economic implications associated with the subsequent management of these findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the results of 778 consecutive CTU scans performed in a haematuria clinic between 2008 and 2010. We excluded cases where diagnosis of an abnormality had been made prior to CTU. Costs incurred during the follow-up of unsuspected findings were calculated following guidance set out in the NHS Costing Manual 2009/10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  778 CTU scans were performed for patients attending a haematuria clinic from 2008 to 2010. 455 men and 323 women underwent CTU scan; they had a median age of 62 years. 56% of scans were found to have unexpected extra-urinary findings (587 abnormalities in 439 scans). Common findings included diverticular disease (138, 17.7%), adrenal masses [85, 10.9%; 40 (5.1%) of which were indeterminate], lung abnormalities (67, 8.6%), gall bladders containing calculi (44, 5.7%), adnexal cysts (25, 7.7% of women) and aortic aneurysms (18, 2.3%). These findings led to a total of 136 outpatient appointments, 88 radiological investigations and 11 procedures (4 of which were major). The overall cost incurred was £47,366, or £60 per patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTU is associated with a high rate of unsuspected findings. There is an economic implication to performing CT scanning in this setting, in which further unanticipated investigation and treatment cost is approximately £60 per patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK. sjbromage@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bromage
authors.forename: M P C
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shackley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014567:Urography / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult