title: Cognitive control of attention is differentially affected in trauma-exposed individuals with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine whether patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show difficulty in recruitment of the regions of the frontal and parietal cortex implicated in top-down attentional control in the presence and absence of emotional distracters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unmedicated individuals with PTSD (n = 14), and age-, IQ- and gender-matched individuals exposed to trauma (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 19) were tested on the affective number Stroop task. In addition, blood oxygen level-dependent responses, as measured via functional magnetic resonance imaging, were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with PTSD showed disrupted recruitment of lateral regions of the superior and inferior frontal cortex as well as the parietal cortex in the presence of negative distracters. Trauma-comparison individuals showed indications of a heightened ability to recruit fronto-parietal regions implicated in top-down attentional control across distracter conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with suggestions that emotional responsiveness can interfere with the recruitment of regions implicated in top-down attentional control; the heightened emotional responding of patients with PTSD may lead to the heightened interference in the recruitment of these regions.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vythilingam
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McCaffrey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaramozza
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mondillo
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Charney
authors.forename: R J R
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Blair
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D040921:Stress Disorders, Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057190:Stroop Test