title: Variants of the ankyrin repeat domain 6 gene (ANKRD6) and muscle and physical activity phenotypes among European-derived American adults.
abstract: Ankyrin repeat domain 6 (ANKRD6) is a ubiquitous protein that associates with early development in mammals and is highly expressed in the brain, spinal cord, and heart of humans. We examined the role of 8 ANKRD6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on muscle performance and habitual physical activity (PA). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were 545 T>A (rs9362667), 485 M>L (rs61736690), 233 T>M (rs2273238), 128 I>L (rs3748085), 631 P>L (rs61739327), 122 Q>E (rs16881983), 197805 G>A (rs9344950), and 710 L>X (NOVEL). This study consisted of 922 healthy, untrained, European-derived American men (n = 376, 23.6 ± 0.3 years, 25.0 ± 0.2 kg·m(-2)) and women (n = 546, 23.2 ± 0.2 years, 24.0 ± 0.2 kg·m(-2)). Muscle strength (maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] and 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and size (cross-sectional area [CSA]) were assessed before and after 12 weeks of unilateral resistance training (RT). A subsample (n = 536, 23.4 ± 0.2 years, 24.6 ± 0.2 kg·m(-2)) completed the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Associations among ANKRD6 genotypes and muscle phenotypes were tested with repeated measure analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and PA phenotypes with multivariate ANCOVA, with age and body mass index as covariates. ANKRD6 122 Q>E was associated with increased baseline biceps CSA. ANKRD6 545 A>T and ANKRD6 710 L>X were associated with increased 1RM and MVC in response to RT, respectively. ANKRD6 631 P>L was associated with increased biceps CSA response to RT and time spent in moderate-intensity PA among the total sample and women. ANKRD6 genetic variants were associated with the muscle size and strength response to RT and habitual PA levels. Further research is needed to validate our results and explore mechanisms for the associations we observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, School of Allied Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Van Deveire
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Scranton
authors.forename: Mathew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kostek
authors.forename: Theodore J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Angelopoulos
authors.forename: Priscilla M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Niall M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Moyna
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Visich
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zoeller
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Devaney
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gordish-Dressman
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pescatello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055070:Resistance Training; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C464902:ANKRD6 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins