title: Tracking neural coding of perceptual and semantic features of concrete nouns.
abstract: We present a methodological approach employing magnetoencephalography (MEG) and machine learning techniques to investigate the flow of perceptual and semantic information decodable from neural activity in the half second during which the brain comprehends the meaning of a concrete noun. Important information about the cortical location of neural activity related to the representation of nouns in the human brain has been revealed by past studies using fMRI. However, the temporal sequence of processing from sensory input to concept comprehension remains unclear, in part because of the poor time resolution provided by fMRI. In this study, subjects answered 20 questions (e.g. is it alive?) about the properties of 60 different nouns prompted by simultaneous presentation of a pictured item and its written name. Our results show that the neural activity observed with MEG encodes a variety of perceptual and semantic features of stimuli at different times relative to stimulus onset, and in different cortical locations. By decoding these features, our MEG-based classifier was able to reliably distinguish between two different concrete nouns that it had never seen before. The results demonstrate that there are clear differences between the time course of the magnitude of MEG activity and that of decodable semantic information. Perceptual features were decoded from MEG activity earlier in time than semantic features, and features related to animacy, size, and manipulability were decoded consistently across subjects. We also observed that regions commonly associated with semantic processing in the fMRI literature may not show high decoding results in MEG. We believe that this type of approach and the accompanying machine learning methods can form the basis for further modeling of the flow of neural information during language processing and a variety of other cognitive processes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. gsudre@cmu.edu
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sudre
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pomerleau
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palatucci
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wehbe
authors.forename: Alona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fyshe
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmelin
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D012660:Semantics; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult