title: Can a soda-lime glass be used to demonstrate how patterns of strength dependence are influenced by pre-cementation and resin-cementation variables?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how the variability in biaxial flexure strength of a soda-lime glass analogue for a PLV and DBC material was influenced by precementation operative variables and following resin-cement coating.
  
  
  METHODS
  The flexural modulus of a transparent soda-lime glass was determined by longitudinally sectioning into rectangular bar-shaped specimens and the flexural moduli of three resin-based materials (Venus Flow, Rely-X Veneer and Clearfil Majesty Posterior) was also determined. Disc shaped soda-lime glass specimens (n=240) were divided into ten groups and were alumina particle air abraded, hydrofluoric (HF) acid-etched and resin-cement coated prior to biaxial flexure strength testing. Sample sets were profilometrically evaluated to determine the surface texture. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc all paired Tukey tests were performed at a significance level of P<0.05. The mean biaxial flexure strengths were plotted against resin-coating thickness and a regression analysis enabled estimation of the 'actual' magnitude of strengthening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean three-point flexural modulus of the soda-lime glass was 40.0 (1.0)GPa and the Venus Flow, Rely-X Veneer and Clearfil Majesty Posterior were 3.0 (0.2)GPa, 6.0 (0.2)GPa and 14.8 (1.6)GPa, respectively. At a theoretical 'zero' resin-coating thickness an increase in biaxial flexure strength of 20.1% (63.2MPa), 30.8% (68.8MPa) and 36.3% (71.7MPa), respectively was evident compared with the control (52.6 (5.5)MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disc-shaped specimens cut from round stock facilitated rapid fabrication of discs with uniform surface condition and demonstrated strength dependence was influenced by precementation parameters and resin-cementation variables.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Lincoln Place, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. paul.hooi@dental.tcd.ie
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hooi
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.forename: Garry J P
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000465:Algorithms; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003442:Crowns; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D003801:Dental Veneers; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018583:Pliability; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D010087:Oxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; C528569:Rely-X; D019279:Resin Cements; C542517:Venus flow composite resin; C541508:clearfil majesty; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; C004569:soda lime; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C023506:Glass ceramics; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid