title: Comparative canine pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of fospropofol disodium injection, propofol emulsion, and cyclodextrin-enabled propofol solution following bolus parenteral administration.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fospropofol (FP) disodium injection, propofol emulsion (PE), and cyclodextrin-enabled propofol (CDP) solution following bolus parenteral administration in dogs was evaluated. Three healthy male beagle dogs were treated in a three-way cross-over study (14 day washout period) with 6 mg/kg propofol equivalents. Blood samples were collected predose and at 16 points postdose through 1440 min and analyzed for propofol and FP, when appropriate. From 5 min predose to 30 min postdose, brain electrical activity [electroencephalography (EEG)] was recorded and analyzed by power spectrum analysis techniques. Each formulation appeared to be well tolerated with transient discomfort observed in the PE and CDP animals and minor excitability in the FP animals prior to loss of consciousness. Blood propofol followed three-compartment pharmacokinetic behavior and derived parameters were not statistically different except for elimination half-life from the CDP formulation and onset, and duration of anesthesia from the FP formulation. The effect site concentrations at 50% the maximum EEG effect for the FP and CDP formulations were approximately one-half that of the PE formulation. Onset and duration of anesthesia are correlated with modeled effect site propofol concentrations. The implications of formulation on pain on injection and propofol activity are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rajewski
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004655:Emulsions; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004655:Emulsions; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C083507:propofol hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; C472965:fospropofol; D015742:Propofol