title: Differentiation of enantiomeric drugs by iodo-substituted L-amino acid references under electrospray ionization mass spectrometric conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In chiral differentiation by mass spectrometry, use of a single reference that differentiates various classes of compounds including drugs is ideal, but so far there are no such reports in the literature. We have successfully used iodo-substituted amino acids for the chiral differentiation of ten enantiomeric pairs of drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve the chiral differentiation, the trimeric Cu complex ion consisting of two chiral reference molecules and an analyte molecule was generated under positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions and subsequently subjected for collision- induced dissociation (CID) experiments using an LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer. The spectra were recorded under identical experimental conditions for both the enantiomers, and were averages of 30 scans. Cooks' kinetic method and chiral recognition ratio method (CR method) were used to arrive at the R(chiral) /CR values, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The R(chiral) or CR values of the studied drugs are higher for 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine as the reference, than for 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine, except for isoproterenol and atenolol. Both the references show the same selectivity (R- or S-selectivity) towards all the studied drugs. With 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine as the reference, an R(chiral) value of 12.75 is obtained for DOPA and this is the highest reported value in the literature till now. The suitability of the current method in measuring enantiomeric excess is also demonstrated for DOPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine or 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine as a chiral reference for the chiral differentiation of ten enantiomeric pairs of pharmaceutically important drugs has been demonstrated. The chiral differentiation of pregabalin, tenofovir and pramipexole is reported for the first time. This study shows that it is possible to develop a single chiral reference compound for the differentiation of a group of chiral drugs having some similarities.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007 AP, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karthikraj
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vairamani
mesh_terms: D004105:Diiodotyrosine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010649:Phenylalanine; D004105:Diiodotyrosine; C049181:4-iodophenylalanine