title: Are changes in conduit artery function associated with intima-medial thickness in young subjects?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired brachial artery endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), provides a strong prognostic index of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic adults and those with cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between FMD and carotid intima-medial thickness (cIMT) in young people is unknown. We hypothesized that impaired FMD, and decreased FMD over time, would predict cIMT.
  
  
  METHODS
  FMD and cIMT were assessed using high-resolution Doppler ultrasound in 53 children (18 boys) aged 10.3 ± 0.3 years. FMD was assessed at baseline and 4-month and 30-month follow up. cIMT was assessed at 30-months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant relationship between FMD measured at baseline (10.7 ± 4.3) and cIMT at 30 months. FMD was depressed at 4 months (7.2 ± 3.5, p < 0.05) and 30 months (8.2 ± 3.3, p = 0.51). However, there was no correlation between changes in FMD and cIMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in arterial function occurred in young subjects across a 30-month time frame; however, these changes were unrelated to individual differences in cIMT in this cohort. These data contrast with findings in adults and indicate that longer periods of functional impairment may be necessary before atherosclerotic wall thickening becomes apparent in young people, suggesting there is a 'window of opportunity' for preventative intervention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Nicola Dominique
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van den Munckhof
authors.forename: Dick Henricus Julianus
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thijssen
authors.forename: Toni Marie
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tinken
authors.forename: Nigel Tim
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Cable
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: Daniel John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014664:Vasodilation