title: Participation of microglial p38 MAPK in formalin-induced temporomandibular joint nociception in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate nociceptive behavior and the immunoreactivity of microglia and phosphorylated-p38 (p-p38) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) following intracisternal administration of SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, or minocycline, a microglia inhibitor, in rats with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of nociceptive behavioral responses was recorded for nine successive 5-minute intervals following formalin injections into the left TMJ. SB203580 or minocycline was administered intracisternally 2 hours prior to the formalin injection. Statistical analysis used one-way analysis of variance followed by least significant difference post-hoc analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-articular injection of formalin increased the expression of p-p38 MAPK in the ipsilateral medullary dorsal horn. Most of the p-p38 MAPK co-localized with OX42, a microglial marker, but not with GFAP, an astrocyte marker. Intracisternal injections of SB203580 (0.5, 1, or 5 Μg) attenuated the number of nociceptive behavioral responses and the expression of p-p38 MAPK in the medullary dorsal horn. Intracisternal injections of minocycline (25 or 50 Μg) also attenuated the responses and the expression of OX42 and p-p38 MAPK in the medullary dorsal horn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that p38 MAPK in microglia plays an important role in the central processing of inflammatory TMJ nociception in rats. The data further indicate that a targeted blockade of the microglial p38 MAPK pathway is a potentially important new treatment strategy for inflammatory TMJ nociception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Young M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Min K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Yong C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Dong K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000201:enzymology*; D002946:Cisterna Magna / Q000187:drug effects; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000294:innervation; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D005557:Formaldehyde; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008911:Minocycline; C093642:SB 203580