title: Simultaneous acquisition of 80 Hz ASSRs and ABRs from quasi ASSRs for threshold estimation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both 80 Hz auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) and tone burst auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) have been shown to provide reasonable estimates of the behavioral thresholds. Although ASSRs provide statistically objective estimates that can be easily automated by computers, they present no information for the neurophysiological interpretation of the results. ABRs, on the other hand, do not provide easily automated information and usually need expert interpretation of the recorded waveforms. A recently developed continuous loop averaging deconvolution algorithm offers an alternative solution by acquiring slightly jittered 80 Hz quasi auditory steady state responses (QASSRs), thus enabling the acquisition of both recordings simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to investigate a specially developed 80 Hz QASSR paradigm for simultaneous acquisition for both responses for threshold detection purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen ears from eight adults with normal hearing were tested. Amplitude modulated QASSRs were obtained using slightly jittered temporal sequences of tone bursts presented at a mean rate of 78.125 Hz. Four carrier frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) at several stimulus intensity levels were monaurally presented and QASSRs to 128 sweeps blocks were recorded. The ABRs were extracted using the CLAD algorithm. Wave V was visually identified and analyzed in the time domain as in everyday clinical practice. In addition, statistically objective ƒMP computation method was used to automatically detect ABR threshold as well. The QASSRs were analyzed in the frequency domain and magnitudes, phase delays, and thresholds were obtained. Phasor (polar plot) diagrams were constructed. QASSR and ABR hearing thresholds were obtained and compared with behavioral thresholds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study reveals that the QASSR method provides accurate objective estimation of the audiometric thresholds from extracted ASSRs and latency/amplitude information from extracted ABRs. The largest mean threshold difference for QASSR was within 5 dB for all carrier frequencies including 500 Hz. For auditory threshold estimation in adults with normal hearing, the Hotelling's T-Square test in four dimensions in the frequency domain was more accurate than the ƒMP or visual ABR threshold detection in the time domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneously recorded ASSR and ABR from QASSRs provide accurate and effective method for frequency-specific hearing threshold estimation with neurophysiological information in adults with normal hearing. Further research is required for hearing-impaired adults, newborns, and infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neurosensory Laboratory, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. mlachowska@wum.edu.pl
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lachowska
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bohórquez
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozdamar
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D001300:Audiometry, Evoked Response / Q000379:methods*; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged