title: Niobium pentoxide as a novel filler for dental adhesive resin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop an adhesive resin with incorporation of niobium pentoxide and evaluate its properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Niobium pentoxide was characterised by X-ray diffraction, surface area, particle size, micro-Raman, scanning electron microscopy and the effectiveness of silanisation process by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). An experimental adhesive resin was formulated with 0, 5, 10 and 20wt% Nb(2)O(5). The formulated adhesive resins were evaluated based on microhardness, degree of conversion, radiopacity and interface (resin/dentine) characterisation by micro-Raman.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particles used in this study presented a monoclinic crystalline phase with typical chemical groups and micrometre mean size. Microhardness and radiopacity increased with higher amounts of Nb(2)O(5), and the particles were able to penetrate into the hybrid layers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, Nb(2)O(5) may be an alternative for polymer-based biomaterials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Niobium pentoxide could be used to produce adhesive resins with enhanced properties.
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. vicente.leitune@ufrgs.br
authors.forename: Vicente Castelo Branco
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Leitune
authors.forename: Fabrício Mezzomo
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Collares
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takimi
authors.forename: Ginia Brito
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: César Liberato
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Petzhold
authors.forename: Carlos Pérez
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Susana Maria Werner
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Samuel
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002164:Camphor / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003461:Crystallography; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006244:Hardness; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015591:Microspectrophotometry; D009556:Niobium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012031:Refractometry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008689:Methacrylates; D010087:Oxides; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; D009556:Niobium; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C017492:methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D002164:Camphor; C030747:ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate; C073337:niobium pentoxide; C553149:camphorquinone