title: The diagnostic accuracy of telegeriatrics for the diagnosis of dementia via video conferencing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The suitability of video conferencing (VC) technology for clinical purposes relevant to geriatric medicine is still being established. This project aimed to determine the validity of the diagnosis of dementia via VC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multisite, noninferiority, prospective cohort study. Patients, aged 50 years and older, referred by their primary care physician for cognitive assessment, were assessed at 4 memory disorder clinics. All patients were assessed independently by 2 specialist physicians. They were allocated one face-to-face (FTF) assessment (Reference standard--usual clinical practice) and an additional assessment (either usual FTF assessment or a VC assessment) on the same day. Each specialist physician had access to the patient chart and the results of a battery of standardized cognitive assessments administered FTF by the clinic nurse. Percentage agreement (P(0)) and the weighted kappa statistic with linear weight (K(w)) were used to assess inter-rater reliability across the 2 study groups on the diagnosis of dementia (cognition normal, impaired, or demented).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 205 patients were allocated to group: Videoconference (n = 100) or Standard practice (n = 105); 106 were men. The average age was 76 (SD 9, 51-95) and the average Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination Score was 23.9 (SD 4.7, 9-30). Agreement for the Videoconference group (P(0)= 0.71; K(w) = 0.52; P < .0001) and agreement for the Standard Practice group (P(0)= 0.70; K(w) = 0.50; P < .0001) were both statistically significant (P < .05). The summary kappa statistic of 0.51 (P = .84) indicated that VC was not inferior to FTF assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous studies have shown that preliminary standardized assessment tools can be reliably administered and scored via VC. This study focused on the geriatric assessment component of the interview (interpretation of standardized assessments, taking a history and formulating a diagnosis by medical specialist) and identified high levels of agreement for diagnosing dementia. A model of service incorporating either local or remote administered standardized assessments, and remote specialist assessment, is a reliable process for enabling the diagnosis of dementia for isolated older adults.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. m.martinkhan@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin-Khan
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flicker
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wootton
authors.forename: Poh-Kooh
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Kerenaftali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Leonard C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017216:Telemedicine; D049269:Videoconferencing