title: Peroxynitrite-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and activated apoptosis via nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in retinal pigment epithelial cells and antagonism of cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore that if peroxynitrite induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the antagonism of cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 (Melatonin, CCK-8) in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  RPE cells were obtained from eyes of C57BL/6 mouse and divided into control, peroxynitrite and CCK-8 groups. Control group was treated with saline, peroxynitrite group was treated with peroxynitrite, and CCK-8 group was treated with CCK-8 after added with peroxynitrite. All changes were observered at 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Gene array analysis, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in RPE cells. Western blotting was used to test the apoptosis of RPE cells. Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine the NF-κB pathway signal transduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regulated in peroxynitrite group and down-regulated in CCK-8 group with gene array analysis. Apoptosis was increased in peroxynitrite group and decreased in CCK-8 group with western blotting. The NF-κB pathway signal transduction was more and more stronger in the peroxynitrite group. But in CCK-8 group, little stronger could be observed at 12 hours, then weak at 24 hours with immunofluorescent staining (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that apoptosis of RPE cells was partly induced by peroxynitrite, which may be the new way of oxidative damage to the RPE cells. The NF-κB signal transduction may affect and reinforce apoptosis mediated by peroxynitrite. CCK-8 decreased apoptosis of RPE cells induced by peroxynitrite and is a potential agent for therapy of retinopathy. The mechanism of CCK-8 dealing with RPE cells may be related to its direct inhibition of the formation of iNOS to produce peroxynitrite and antagnism of damage of peroxynitrite to the RPE cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shou-Zhi
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: He