title: Posterior nutcracker syndrome associated with interrupted left inferior vena cava with azygos continuation and retroaortic right renal vein.
abstract: Various anatomic anomalies have been considered the causes of nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Posterior NCS refers to the condition, in which vascular narrowing was secondary to the compression of the retroaortic left renal vein while it is crossing between the aorta and the vertebral column. Here, we report an unusual case of posterior NCS associated with a complicated malformation of the interrupted left inferior vena cava with azygos continuation and retroaortic right renal vein, diagnosed by both color Doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710032, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Gen-Nian
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Chun-Lei
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities*