title: Estimation of sex from hand and handprint dimensions in a Western Australian population.
abstract: A number of recent studies have demonstrated that sex can be estimated with a high degree of expected accuracy through the analysis of anthropometric measurements of the hand. Presently, however, the majority of previous related research has been focused on a limited range of global populations. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to evaluate the accuracy of using anthropometric hand measurements for the estimation of sex in a contemporary adult Western Australian population; we also assess if sex can be accurately estimated from the measurement of handprints. The study sample comprises a total of 91 male and 110 female individuals; documented mean age for the males is 38 years (range 19-68) and for the female sample it is 36 years (range 18-63). A total of six linear measurements are taken from each hand and its corresponding print. Measurement data is analysed using basic univariate statistics and a series of direct and stepwise discriminant function analyses are performed to assess the sex classification potential of the hand and handprint variables. All six hand and handprint measurements are sexually dimorphic and sex explains 28.4-61.7% of the sample variance. The breadth and length of the hand contribute most significantly to sex discrimination; cross-validated sex classification accuracies range between 82.6 and 96.5% with a sex bias of ≤5%. We conclude that anthropometric measurements of the hand and handprint can be used to classify sex with a high degree of expected accuracy in a Western Australian population.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Nur-Intaniah
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Ishak
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hemy
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001315:Australia; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D006225:Hand / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult