title: Internal cognitive control in clinical depression: general but no emotion-specific impairments.
abstract: Prior research has suggested that depression is characterized by impaired cognitive control. The present study sought to investigate internal cognitive control impairments related to emotional information and task settings in clinical depression (MDD, major depressive disorder). Internal cognitive control was operationalized as switching between internally held mental representations that required continuous updating in working memory and measured with the Internal Shift Task (IST). The results showed that MDD individuals were characterized by a general switching impairment. This switching impairment was neither influenced by the task-relevance of emotional information, nor influenced by the valence of the faces within the emotion condition. The impairment in cognitive control reflected in general switching impairments was related to rumination, a specific cognitive symptom and important risk factor of depression. The results of this study offer new insights into the relationship between depression and impaired cognitive control with potential clinical implications, informing treatment and prevention programmes.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan, 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Evi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Lissnyder
authors.forename: Ernst H W
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Everaert
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van den Abeele
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Raedt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult