title: [Classification and treatment of whole hand degloving injury].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the injury characteristics of the whole hand degloving injury and to explore its classification and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 1999 and May 2010, 41 cases of the whole hand degloving injury were admitted for treatment. There were 28 males and 13 females with an average age of 35 years (range, 18-58 years). The causes of injury included mangled injury in 28 cases and crush injury in 13 cases. The interval between injury and surgery was 1-10 hours (mean, 3 hours). According to self-made classification standard for whole hand degloving injury, 11 cases were rated as type I, 5 cases as type II, 4 cases as type III, 8 cases as type IV, and 13 cases as type V. Type I injury was treated by replantation surgery with vascular anastomosis, type II by reconstruction with thumb flap and the second toe containing dorsal skin flap, type III by reconstruction with the second toe containing dorsal skin flap of both feet, type IV by replantation surgery with vascular anastomosis, and type V by reconstruction with thumb flap containing dorsal skin flap (8 cases) or repairing with abdominal flap (5 cases). The size of the dorsal flap was between 9 cm x 6 cm and 17 cm x 11 cm and the dorsal donor site was covered with free skin grafting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After surgery, partial necrosis occurred at fingers in 6 patients with type I injury, and at fingers and palm skin in 6 patients with type IV injury; the flaps, the reconstructed fingers, and replanted skin all survived in the others. The grafted skin at donor sites successfully healed. Forty cases were followed up from 6 months to 7 years (mean, 14 months). The skin color and texture were close to normal hand in the cases undergoing replantation, who had the best function restoration with S2-S4 sensory recovery; the hand function was basically restored with S2-S3 sensory recovery in the cases undergoing finger reconstruction with thumb and toe flaps; and the restoration of the hand function was not satisfactory with S1-S2 sensory recovery in the cases undergoing abdominal flaps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whole hand degloving injury can be classified into different types according to injury degree and this will help choose the clinical treatment plan. The appropriate treatment based on these
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215104, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jihui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Jianning
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haiwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ruixing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000601:surgery; D006085:Graft Survival; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014034:Toes / Q000637:transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult