title: Adrenal cortical responses to high-intensity, short rest, resistance exercise in men and women.
abstract: Commercial high-intensity, short rest (HI/SR) protocols have been anecdotally postured to be extremely demanding. However, limited prior studies have demonstrated HI/SR protocols to produce hyperreactions in metabolic and adrenal function; thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of an acute, high-intensity (75% 1-repetition maximum), short rest resistance exercise protocol. Nine trained men (age: 23.5 ± 3.5 years, height: 172.4 ± 4.0 cm, weight: 77.8 ± 8.8 kg) and 9 trained women (age: 22.9 ± 2.0 years, height: 168.4 ± 9.4 cm, weight: 68.5 ± 10.4 kg) participated in the HI/SR protocol, which consisted of a descending pyramid scheme of back squat, bench press, and deadlift, beginning with 10 repetitions of each, then 9, then 8, and so on until 1 repetition on the final set. Significant time effects were observed in lactate (immediate post [IP], +15, +60) and cortisol (IP, +15, +60) response. Significant sex effects were observed in lactate response (IP, +15) but not in cortisol response. Total work was higher in men and influenced magnitude of increase in lactate but not cortisol. No significant sex differences were noted in time to completion, average relative intensity, heart rate response or rating of perceived exertion scores. Highest lactate (IP men: 17.3 mmol·L(-1); IP women: 13.8 mmol·L(-1)) and cortisol (+15 men: 1,860.2 nmol·L(-1); +15 women: 1,831.7 nmol·L(-1)) values were considerably greater than those produced in typical resistance exercise programs, confirming that relative intensity and rest period length are important factors determining magnitude of metabolic and adrenal stress. Practical applications for the coach include cautious implementation of HI/SR protocols, as long-term sequential use may promote overtraining. A gradual reduction in rest interval length with concurrent gradual increase in intensity should be used to minimize potential negative effects such as nonfunctional overreaching.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Tunde K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Szivak
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Courtenay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunn-Lewis
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Comstock
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kupchak
authors.forename: Jenna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Apicella
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saenz
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Denegar
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone