title: Children with isolated hypospadias have different hormonal profile compared to those with associated anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to compare the hormonal profile of children with isolated hypospadias to controls and hypospadiacs with associated anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observation at a tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive children (0-12 years) with isolated hypospadias (H), 23 with hypospadias and associated anomalies (HO).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred children (0-12 years) without any genitourinary/endocrine abnormalities (C).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prehuman chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and post-HCG fasting blood samples were drawn for estimation of serum gonadotropins, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), estrogen (E), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in hormonal levels between controls and subjects were computed with p < or = 0.05 as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, "H" had significantly higher follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) (1.37 vs. 1.29 mIU/mL p=0.01), lower estrogen (8.08 vs. 13.78 pg/mL, p=0.00), and lower DHEA-S (27.34 vs. 40.24 microg/dL, p=0.03) levels; HO had higher FSH, lower basal T (0.13 vs. 0.46 ng/mL, p=0.01), and lower peak testosterone (1.53 vs. 2.32 ng/mL, p=0.01). "HO" had lower androgens (basal T, 0.13 vs. 0.29 ng/mL, p=0.03; peak T, 1.53 vs. 2.36 ng/mL, p=0.01), and higher estrogen (12.56 vs. 8.08 pg/mL, p=0.001) and progesterone (0.46 vs. 0.31 ng/mL, p=0.04) levels in comparison with H.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistently lower output of androgens among HO explains the association of other anomalies (generally undescended testes) in them. High FSH among hypospadiacs hints at the possibility of Sertoli cell dysfunction and may have long-lasting sequelae for reproductive functions during adulthood. However, Leydig cell functions are affected more among HO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. drjohnsimmi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Simmi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ratan
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Tarun Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Alpna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dhanwal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000502:physiology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone