title: The BH3 mimetic S1 induces autophagy through ER stress and disruption of Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction in human glioma U251 cells.
abstract: Previous results showed that a novel BH3 mimetic S1 could induce cell death in a wide range of cancer types in vitro through Bax/Bak-dependent apoptosis. We demonstrated that in addition to mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis was also induced by S1. Moreover, S1 can induce autophagy in U251 cells, which may occur through ER stress and disruption of the association of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1. Inhibition of autophagy by the autophagic inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) increased S1-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, autophagy plays an important role in S1-induced U251 cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Teng
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hao-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Hui-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xi-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ning
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi-Chao
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lian-Kun
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071186:Beclin-1; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; C474007:Bax protein (53-86); D000071186:Beclin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2