title: Detection of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury using a fluorescent near-infrared zinc(II)-dipicolylamine probe and 99mTc glucarate.
abstract: A fluorescent zinc 2,2'-dipicolylamine coordination complex PSVue®794 (probe 1) is known to selectively bind to phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of apoptotic and necrotic cells. In this study, we investigated the cell death targeting properties of probe 1 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. A rat heart model of ischemia-reperfusion was used. Probe 1, control dye, or 99mTc glucarate was intravenously injected in rats subjected to 30-minute and 5-minute myocardial ischemia followed by 2-hour reperfusion. At 90 minutes or 20 hours postinjection, myocardial uptake was evaluated ex vivo by fluorescence imaging and autoradiography. Hematoxylin-eosin and cleaved caspase-3 staining was performed on myocardial sections to demonstrate the presence of ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptosis. Selective accumulation of probe 1 could be detected in the area at risk up to 20 hours postinjection. Similar topography and extent of uptake of probe 1 and 99mTc glucarate were observed at 90 minutes postinjection. Histologic analysis demonstrated the presence of necrosis, but only a few apoptotic cells could be detected. Probe 1 selectively accumulates in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and is a promising cell death imaging tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wyffels
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Christy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Koon Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: Safiyyah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mattis
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Woolfenden
authors.forename: Zhonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005937:Glucaric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C501847:2,2'-dipicolylamine; D000588:Amines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010848:Picolinic Acids; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C067171:technetium Tc 99m glucarate; D015032:Zinc; D005937:Glucaric Acid