title: Specific binding of a β-cyclodextrin dimer to the amyloid β peptide modulates the peptide aggregation process.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease involves progressive neuronal loss. Linked to the disease is the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, a 38-43-amino acid peptide found in extracellular amyloid plaques in the brain. Cyclodextrins are nontoxic, cone-shaped oligosaccharides with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity making them suitable hosts for aromatic guest molecules in water. β-Cyclodextrin consists of seven α-d-glucopyranoside units and has been shown to reduce the level of fibrillation and neurotoxicity of Aβ. We have studied the interaction between Aβ and a β-cyclodextrin dimer, consisting of two β-cyclodextrin monomers connected by a flexible linker. The β-cyclodextrin monomer has been found to interact with Aβ(1-40) at sites Y10, F19, and/or F20 with a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 3.9 ± 2.0 mM. Here (1)H-(15)N and (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear single-quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra show that in addition, the β-cyclodextrin monomer and dimer bind to the histidines. NMR translational diffusion experiments reveal the increased affinity of the β-cyclodextrin dimer (apparent K(D) of 1.1 ± 0.5 mM) for Aβ(1-40) compared to that of the β-cyclodextrin monomer. Kinetic aggregation experiments based on thioflavin T fluorescence indicate that the dimer at 0.05-5 mM decreases the lag time of Aβ aggregation, while a concentration of 10 mM increases the lag time. The β-cyclodextrin monomer at a high concentration decreases the lag time of the aggregation. We conclude that cyclodextrin monomers and dimers have specific, modulating effects on the Aβ(1-40) aggregation process. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the regular fibrillar aggregates formed by Aβ(1-40) alone are replaced by a major fraction of amorphous aggregates in the presence of the β-cyclodextrin dimer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wahlström
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cukalevski
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danielsson
authors.forename: Jüri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarvet
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onagi
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rebek
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linse
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gräslund
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C031215:betadex