title: Differential neurobiological effects of expert advice on risky choice in adolescents and adults.
abstract: We investigated behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms by which risk-averse advice, provided by an expert, affected risky decisions across three developmental groups [early adolescents (12-14 years), late adolescents (15-17 years), adults (18+ years)]. Using cumulative prospect theory, we modeled choice behavior during a risky-choice task. Results indicate that advice had a significantly greater impact on risky choice in both adolescent groups than in adults. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural correlates of this behavioral effect. Developmental effects on correlations between brain activity and valuation parameters were obtained in regions that can be classified into (i) cognitive control regions, such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral PFC; (ii) social cognition regions, such as posterior temporoparietal junction; and (iii) reward-related regions, such as ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) and ventral striatum. Within these regions, differential effects of advice on neural correlates of valuation were observed across development. Specifically, advice increased the correlation strength between brain activity and parameters reflective of safe choice options in adolescent DLPFC and decreased correlation strength between activity and parameters reflective of risky choice options in adult vmPFC. Taken together, results indicate that, across development, distinct brain systems involved in cognitive control and valuation mediate the risk-reducing effect of advice during decision making under risk via specific enhancements and reductions of the correlation strength between brain activity and valuation parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. jan.engelmann@econ.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Jan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monica Capra
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berns
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001290:Attitude; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005104:Expert Testimony; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011336:Probability; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen