title: Ocular manifestations of Alport syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical manifestation of Alport syndrome, especially the ocular features.
  
  
  METHODS
  The physical, ophthalmologic and audiologic examination results of thirty-two patients with Alport syndrome were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty (93.7%) patients had some family history. All patients had renal disease: eighteen (56.3%) patients with chronic renal failure, four (12.5%) patients with renal insufficiency, and the other ten (31.3%) patients with hematuria. Twenty (62.5%) patients had sensorineural deafness. Thirteen (40.6%) patients had ocular deformity, five (15.7%) patients had typical ocular changes: three patients with anterior lenticonus, and two patients with macular flecks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular anomalies are not requisite for the diagnosis of Alport syndrome. But its typical ocular features should be recognized by the ophthalmologists which supports the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shi-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Cai-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang