title: Increased risk of co-morbid eye disease in patients with chronic renal failure: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A large-scale population-based study on ophthalmic disorders among patients suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF) is lacking in the literature. This study examined the prevalence and risk of selected ocular co-morbidities (including retinal disorders, uveitis, glaucoma, cataract, and dry eye) in patients with CRF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were sourced from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. 9,149 patients with CRF were included in the study group, and 27,447 matched patients in the comparison group (age 40-98 years). We calculated the prevalence of retinal disorders, uveitis, glaucoma, cataract, and dry eye for patients with and without CRF. Conditional logistic regression analyses were also performed to compare the risk of ophthalmic disorders for patients with and without CRF, after taking into consideration sex, age group, diabetes, hypertension, monthly income, geographic region, and level of urbanization of the patient's community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, patients with CRF had significantly higher prevalence of retinal disorders (16.62% vs. 9.70%), uveitis (1.38% vs. 0.95%), glaucoma (7.56% vs. 5.70%), and cataract (33.08% vs. 28.90%) than patients without CRF (all p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of dry eye between these two groups. After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with CRF had higher odds of retinal disorder (odds ratio, OR, 1.84, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.72-1.98), uveitis (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07-1.66), glaucoma (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.23-1.48), and cataract (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.18-1.31) than patients without CRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that patients with CRF had a significantly higher prevalence of retinal disorders, uveitis, glaucoma, and cataract compared with patients without CRF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cho-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chao-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Herng-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000453:epidemiology*