title: Comparison of efficacy of an arginine-calcium carbonate-MFP toothpaste to a calcium carbonate-MFP toothpaste in controlling supragingival calculus formation and gingivitis: a 6-month clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the long-term use (6 months) of an arginine-calcium carbonate-MFP toothpaste would affect calculus formation and/or gingivitis when compared to a calcium carbonate-MFP toothpaste.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind clinical study. Eligible adult subjects (120) entered a 2-month pre-test phase of the study. After receiving an evaluation of oral tissue and a dental prophylaxis, the subjects were provided with a regular fluoride toothpaste, a soft-bristled adult toothbrush with instructions to brush their teeth for 1-minute twice daily (morning and evening) for 2 months. The subjects were then examined for baseline calculus using the Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index (VMI) and gingivitis using the Löe-Silness Gingival Index (GI), along with an oral tissue examination. Qualifying subjects were randomized to two treatment groups: (1) Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine, 1450 ppm MFP and calcium carbonate (Test group), or (2) Colgate Cavity Protection toothpaste containing 1450 ppm MFP and calcium carbonate (Control group). Subjects were stratified by the VMI score and gender. After a dental prophylaxis (VMI=0), the subjects entered a 6-month test phase. Each received the assigned toothpaste and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use with instructions of brushing teeth for 1 minute twice daily (morning and evening). The examinations of VMI, Löe-Silness GI and oral tissues were conducted after 3 and 6 months. Prior to each study visit, subjects refrained from brushing their teeth as well as eating and drinking for 4 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  99 subjects complied with the study protocol and completed the 6-month test phase. No within-treatment comparison was performed for the VMI because it was brought down to zero after the prophylaxis at the baseline of the test phase. For the Löe-Silness GI, subjects of the Test group exhibited a significant difference from baseline at the 3- and 6-month examinations. The 3-month Löe-Silness GI of the Control group was significantly different from that of the baseline; however, its 6-month Löe-Silness GI was not statistically significantly different from the baseline values. After 3 and 6 months, there were no significant differences between the Test and Control groups with respect to the mean VMI scores; there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to the Löe-Silness GI results after 3 and 6 months of product use.
authors.affiliation: Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 24876 Taylor Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. yli@llu.edu
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Yun Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: DeVizio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D014100:Toothpastes; C012980:fluorophosphate; D001120:Arginine; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D005459:Fluorides