title: "Silver effect" in gold(I) catalysis: an overlooked important factor.
abstract: Clear experimental evidence from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and (31)P NMR spectroscopy has been obtained for the first time to confirm that the combination of Ag(+) cation with [L-Au](+) results in the formation of different complexes in solution. Re-evaluation of literature-reported gold-catalyzed reactions revealed a significant difference in the reactivities with and without silver. In extreme cases (more than "rare"), the conventional [L-Au](+) catalysts could not promote the reaction without the presence of silver. This investigation has therefore revealed a long-overlooked "silver effect" in gold catalysis and should lead to revision of the actual mechanism.
authors.affiliation: C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Sripadh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jirak
authors.forename: Sravan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Thummanapelli
authors.forename: Novruz G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Akhmedov
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xingbo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi