title: Non-contrast-enhanced MRI of the pulmonary blood volume using two-compartment-modeled T1 -relaxation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a novel technique, based on a two-compartment model and nonselective inversion recovery (TCIR) for the non-contrast-enhanced evaluation of the fractional pulmonary blood volume (fPBV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers and one patient with focal lung destruction underwent examination with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and TCIR. The reproducibility of TCIR was evaluated statistically, analyzing three consecutive measurement series. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of TCIR, the influence of gravitation on fPBV values along the anterior-posterior direction was assessed. Therefore, two transverse parameter maps of each volunteer in supine and prone position were acquired and analyzed. A comparison of patient images from TCIR-MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed visually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical evaluation showed significant similarity within the volunteer group, proving reproducibility. The detected slope of the fPBV values in anterior-posterior direction for both supine and prone position demonstrated the sensitivity of TCIR to the gravitational effect on the pulmonary blood distribution. The comparison between CT, DCE-, and TCIR-MRI patient datasets showed high similarity in dimension and location of the pathological part of the lung parenchyma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduced TCIR-technique is able to provide reproducible maps of the fPBV without the application of intravenous contrast media.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München, Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik, Garching, Germany. t.gaass@tum.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaass
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dinkel
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaiss
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hintze
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media