title: Immunostimulatory effect of laminarin on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.
abstract: This study investigated the immunostimulatory effects of laminarin with respect to inflammatory mediators such as hydrogen peroxide, calcium, nitric oxide, various cytokines, transcription factors, and immune response gene in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Laminarin did not reduce the cell proliferation of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL. Laminarin significantly increased the release of hydrogen peroxide, calcium, nitric oxide, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor with enhancing expression of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT3, c-Jun, c-Fos, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in RAW 264.7 cells. The results suggest that laminarin has immunostimulatory properties, strengthening immune reactions via the transcription factor pathway in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wansu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016758:Genes, jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005936:Glucans; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050832:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005936:Glucans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D050832:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D011134:Polysaccharides; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C079868:gamma interferon activation factor; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C008247:laminaran; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D002118:Calcium