title: Fluorescent nanoprobes dedicated to in vivo imaging: from preclinical validations to clinical translation.
abstract: With the fast development, in the last ten years, of a large choice of set-ups dedicated to routine in vivo measurements in rodents, fluorescence imaging techniques are becoming essential tools in preclinical studies. Human clinical uses for diagnostic and image-guided surgery are also emerging. In comparison to low-molecular weight organic dyes, the use of fluorescent nanoprobes can improve both the signal sensitivity (better in vivo optical properties) and the fluorescence biodistribution (passive "nano" uptake in tumours for instance). A wide range of fluorescent nanoprobes have been designed and tested in preclinical studies for the last few years. They will be reviewed and discussed considering the obstacles that need to be overcome for their potential everyday use in clinics. The conjugation of fluorescence imaging with the benefits of nanotechnology should open the way to new medical applications in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Département MicroTechnologies Pour la Biologie et la Santé CEA-LETI, Minatec, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38045 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mérian
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gravier
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Texier
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D045663:Quantum Dots; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015335:Molecular Probes