title: Intravenous ketamine compared with diclofenac suppository in suppressing acute postoperative pain in women undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare the analgesic effects of low-dose intravenous ketamine with the effects of diclofenac suppositories in acute postoperative pain management in women undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 80 patients were selected and entered the study. After the induction of general anesthesia, one group received 0.15 mg/kg intravenous ketamine and the other group received a 100-mg rectal diclofenac suppository. The two groups were compared regarding acute pain scores, postoperative morphine requirements, and untoward complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain scores and morphine requirements were lower in the rectal diclofenac suppository group at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th postoperative hours. Higher incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), delusions, and oral secretions were observed in the ketamine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diclofenac 100-mg suppositories were more effective in suppressing acute pain than 0.15 mg/kg intravenous ketamine in women undergoing elective gynecologic laparoscopy, with fewer untoward complications.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1998738341, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vosoughin
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabbagh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013488:Suppositories
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D013488:Suppositories; D004008:Diclofenac; D007649:Ketamine; D009020:Morphine