title: Hemorrhagic complications after intravitreal ranibizumab injection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical features and risk factors for hemorrhagic complications in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) after intravitreal ranibizumab injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 54 patients with PCV who had received intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted as a retrospective chart review of 54 patients with PCV who had received intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg. Analysis of 2 groups was based on mean PCV lesion size: < 15mm(2) (n = 24); or ≥ 15mm(2) (n = 32). The occurrence of fresh postoperative subretinal hemorrhage, best corrected visual acuity, systemic disease, and medication history were documented and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean injection number was 3.3 ± 0.7 (range, 1 to 6), with a mean follow-up of 7.4 ± 2.8 months (range, 4 to 14 months). During the follow-up period, postoperative subretinal hemorrhage was observed in 5 (8.9%) of 56 eyes. Occurrence of postoperative hemorrhage was significantly increased in the group with large PCV size (p = 0.01). Pars plana vitrectomy was performed for postoperative bleeding that resulted in vitreous hemorrhage in 1 eye (1.8%). Various systemic diseases and medication with an anticoagulant had no correlation with occurrence of hemorrhagic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subretinal hemorrhage after ranibizumab injection can occur in patients with PCV. When considering ranibizumab injection for treatment of a large PCV lesion, the risk for hemorrhagic complications should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ccnnrr@naver.net
authors.forename: Han Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Chul Gu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D000069579:Ranibizumab