title: Comparison of loss of resistance technique between Epidrum® and conventional method for identifying the epidural space.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidrum® is a recently developed, air operated, loss of resistance (LOR) device for identifying the epidural space. We investigated the usefulness of Epidrum® by comparing it with the conventional LOR technique for identifying the epidural space.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eight American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II patients between the ages of 17 and 68 years old and who were scheduled for elective surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized into two groups: one group received epidural anesthesia by the conventional LOR technique (C group) and the second group received epidural anesthesia using Epidrum® (ED group). While performing epidural anesthesia, the values of variables were recorded, including the number of failures, more than 2 attempts, the incidence of dural puncture, the time needed to locate the epidural space, the distance from the skin to the epidural space and ease of performance, and the satisfaction scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ED group showed a lower failure rate, fewer cases of more than 2 attempts, a lesser time to identify the epidural space, and better ease and satisfaction scores of procedure than the C group, with statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using Epidrum® compared to the conventional LOR technique is an easy, rapid, and reliable method for identifying the epidural space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Young Ryong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Eun Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Choi