title: A case of Klippel-Feil and Turner syndromes.
abstract: The purpose of this paper was to describe the clinical case of a 12-year-old female patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) combined with Turner syndrome (TS) and a submucous cleft palate (CP). The patient's general appearance was characterized by KFS, a clinical triad consisting of congenital fusion of at least 2 of 7 cervical vertebrae with a short neck, limited head motion, and a low posterior hairline. Three-dimensional images from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed cervical vertebrae anomalies and submucous CP. It was reported that the patient had TS and has been administered growth hormone (GH) therapy. Due to a skeletal class III pattern with a steep mandibular plane angle, facial asymmetry, and fused cervical vertebrae, GH's effects on the craniofacial complex should be considered before orthopedic/orthodontic treatment is started.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Ariz, USA. JPark@atsu.edu
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Yasumori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Je-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007714:Klippel-Feil Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone