title: Influence of extraction solvents on antioxidant activity and the content of bioactive compounds in non-pungent peppers.
abstract: Bioactive compounds in foods have been shown to maintain human health. However, the relative amounts of bioactive compounds and the variation in the amounts are still poorly understood. In this study, the efficacy of different extraction solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and a methanol:water mixture), as well as the levels of certain bioactive compounds in non-pungent pepper cultivars (TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58) were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and deoxyribose degradation. Hexane extracts had the highest level of carotenoids (47.2-628.8 μg/g), and methanol extracts contained maximum flavonoids (24.9-152.2 μg/g) in four different cultivars. Higher DPPH scavenging activity was found in the hexane extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (IC₅₀ value: 0.67, 0.74, 0.55, and 0.48 μg/ml, respectively), whereas the reducing power was high in ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. Inhibition of deoxyribose degradation was highest in methanolic extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (51.2, 49.5, 52.6, and 47.4 %, respectively). These data demonstrate that solvent chemical properties such as polarity can differentially impact the efficiency with which different bioactive compounds are recovered from foods, and this could lead to differences in estimated biological activity such as antioxidant capacity.
authors.affiliation: Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Haejin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Jayaprakasha
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jifon
authors.forename: Bhimanagouda S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D029222:Piper nigrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D006586:Hexanes; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D002338:Carotenoids; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000432:Methanol