title: Natural microemulsions: formulation design and skin interaction.
abstract: Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, colloidal drug delivery systems. This study presents the first substantiated comparison of natural, skin-compatible and biodegradable surfactants in terms of their suitability to form isotropic microemulsions and their skin interaction. Pseudoternery phase diagrams were constructed for lecithin, sucrose laurate and alkylpolyglycoside as single surfactants. Moreover, also mixed surfactant films of lecithin and alkylpolyglycoside as well as lecithin and sucrose laurate were tested. Large isotropic areas could be identified for lecithin, sucrose laurate and lecithin-sucrose laurate. One defined composition was chosen from the pseudoternery phase diagram, prepared with all investigated surfactants and 1:1 surfactant mixtures, respectively, and analysed for their effect on the stratum corneum on a molecular level by ATR-FTIR. Significantly higher frequency values of the symmetric and asymmetric CH(2)-stretching bands compared to the control were recorded for all microemulsions, indicating a hexagonal arrangement of the lipid chains. A similar trend was observed for the lateral packing of the alkyl chains as suggested by the shift of the CH(2)-scissoring bands. Moreover, diffusion cell experiments using porcine skin were performed with the two model drugs flufenamic acid and fluconazole. In both cases, the lecithin-based microemulsions showed the highest permeation rates followed by the alkylpolyglycoside-lecithin microemulsions.
authors.affiliation: Research Platform Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigation of Involved Mechanisms, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. julia.schwarz@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klang
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoppel
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahrhauser
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valenta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005439:Flufenamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D006027:Glycosides; D054709:Lecithins; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C018152:sucrose monolaurate; D013395:Sucrose; D005439:Flufenamic Acid; D015725:Fluconazole