title: Comparing the outcomes of the application of C&R (general service) and SCIP in the management of disturbed behaviour in mental health care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Violence and aggression is common in mental health care and physical restraint is used frequently. Control and restraint (general services) (C&R (GS)) and Strategies in Crisis Intervention and Prevention (SCIP) are often used. There had not been any study evaluating the outcomes of the different approaches of restraint method.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of C&R (GS) and SCIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study design was employed to compare the rates of disturbed incidents. The patients admitted to C&R (GS) and SCIP wards were investigated to study the effectiveness of the two approaches of physical restraint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study suggests that C&R (GS) achieved better outcomes than SCIP. Patients exposed to SCIP had longer hospitalisation, were involved in higher rate of incidents of disturbed behaviour; had lower survival and higher failure probabilities and a higher relative hazard ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to debate the evidence base of the various approaches currently used in physical intervention in the management of disturbed behaviour by mental health services providers. The better outcomes demonstrated by C&R (GS) challenges the current trend in and the value of mental health practice.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire Al 10 9AB, UK. soo.kwan_lee@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gournay
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013663:Teaching; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology