title: Predicting response to reassurances and uncertainties in bioterrorism communications for urban populations in New York and California.
abstract: Recent national plans for recovery from bioterrorism acts perpetrated in densely populated urban areas acknowledge the formidable technical and social challenges of consequence management. Effective risk and crisis communication is one priority to strengthen the U.S.'s response and resilience. However, several notable risk events since September 11, 2001, have revealed vulnerabilities in risk/crisis communication strategies and infrastructure of agencies responsible for protecting civilian populations. During recovery from a significant biocontamination event, 2 goals are essential: (1) effective communication of changing risk circumstances and uncertainties related to cleanup, restoration, and reoccupancy; and (2) adequate responsiveness to emerging information needs and priorities of diverse populations in high-threat, vulnerable locations. This telephone survey study explored predictors of public reactions to uncertainty communications and reassurances from leaders related to the remediation stage of an urban-based bioterrorism incident. African American and Hispanic adults (N=320) were randomly sampled from 2 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse geographic areas in New York and California assessed as high threat, high vulnerability for terrorism and other public health emergencies. Results suggest that considerable heterogeneity exists in risk perspectives and information needs within certain sociodemographic groups; that success of risk/crisis communication during recovery is likely to be uneven; that common assumptions about public responsiveness to particular risk communications need further consideration; and that communication effectiveness depends partly on preexisting values and risk perceptions and prior trust in leaders. Needed improvements in communication strategies are possible with recognition of where individuals start as a reference point for reasoning about risk information, and comprehension of how this influences subsequent interpretation of agencies' actions and communications.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Psychology & Social Behavior, 3340 SE2 Building, School of Social Ecology Irvine, CA 92697, USA. evaughan@uci.edu
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Tim L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tinker
authors.forename: Benedict I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Truman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edelson
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D023482:Bioterrorism / Q000523:psychology*; D002140:California; D002959:Civil Defense; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009518:New York; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology; D035501:Uncertainty; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult