title: Antibacterial effectiveness of several irrigating solutions and the Endox Plus system - an ex vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the ex vivo antibacterial effectiveness of the Endox Plus system and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in combination with BioPure MTAD (Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) or with EDTA in Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  After initial preparation, the root canals of 70 single-rooted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and incubated for 21 days. Specimens were divided into five groups: Endox Plus/saline; 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD; 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA; saline (positive control); negative control (root canals not prepared, nor irrigated). Samples were collected using paper points. Microbiological analysis evaluated the number of CFUs. Data were analysed by anova and Tukey tests at 0.05 significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All specimens had bacterial growth after the incubation period, with similar CFU per mL counts (P > 0.05). After chemo-mechanical preparation, the number of bacteria in all groups reduced, except for the negative control. No significant differences were observed between 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD and 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA, but these groups had lower CFU counts than the other groups (P < 0.05). In the final samples, an increase in the bacterial counts was observed for Endox Plus/saline, 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD, 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA and saline (P < 0.05) with no significant differences between these groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This ex vivo study revealed that the Endox Plus system was associated with a reduced antibacterial effectiveness compared with conventional irrigation using 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD and 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA. All irrigation procedures allowed recovery of bacteria 7 days after treatment, demonstrating persistence of contamination within the root canal system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Aranda-Garcia
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Faria-Júnior
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chavez-Andrade
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomaru-Filho
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonetti-Filho
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; C475043:MTAD (intracanal irrigant); D011136:Polysorbates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D004318:Doxycycline