title: Specific protein profile in cerebrospinal fluid from HIV-1-positive cART-treated patients affected by neurological disorders.
abstract: Cytokines/chemokines are involved in the immune response of infections, including HIV-1. We defined the profile of 48 cytokines/chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid from 18 cART patients with chronic HIV-1 infection by Luminex technology. Nine patients were affected with leukoencephalopathies: five with John Cunningham virus (JCV) + progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and four with JCV-not determined leukoencephalopathy (NDLE). In addition, nine HIV-1-positive patients with no neurological signs (NND) and five HIV-1-negative patients affected with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) were enrolled. Ten cytokines (IL-15, IL-3, IL-16, IL-18, CTACK, GRO1, SCF, MCP-1, MIF, SDF) were highly expressed in HIV-1-positive patients while IL-1Ra and IL-17 were present at a lower level. In addition, the levels of IL-17, IL-9, FGF-basic, MIP-1β, and MCP-1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with neurological diseases (PML, NDLE, ADEM) with respect to NND. Focusing the attention to the cytokine profile in JCV + PML patients with respect to JCV-NDLE patients, only TNF-β was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in JCV + PML patients. This pilot study emphasized the role of immunoregulation in HIV-1-related neurological disorders during cART treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanin
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delbue
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcuzzi
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Savio
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crovella
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchioni
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Manola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016207:Cytokines