title: Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α on bone conduction impairment in otitis media with effusion.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in middle ear effusion may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bone conduction impairment associated with otitis media with effusion (OME). The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) expression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to investigate the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss associated with OME.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eight OME patients were divided into two groups: OME without bone conduction impairment (group 1) and OME with bone conduction impairment (group 2). The levels of HIF-1α, NO, and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the middle ear effusion and serum of these patients were investigated. The relationship between these factors and the bone conduction threshold (BCT) differences were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of HIF-1α and NO concentrations in the middle ear effusion were found to be signiﬁcantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (both p < 0.05). The OME patients' BCT differences at 4000 Hz were correlated with the levels of HIF-1α and the NO concentrations in the middle ear effusion. Furthermore, the HIF-1α levels were correlated with the levels of NO but not with the levels of QUIN in the effusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhi-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Qin
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yong-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang-Qian
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017378:Quinolinic Acid / Q000097:blood; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017378:Quinolinic Acid