title: Polyphenol compounds and anti-inflammatory activities of Korean black raspberry ( Rubus coreanus Miquel) wines produced from juice supplemented with pulp and seed.
abstract: Three types of Korean black raspberry wine were produced via alcoholic fermentation from juice, juice-pulp, and juice-pulp-seed, respectively. These wines were compared in terms of their anti-inflammatory activities and polyphenol contents. The total content of polyphenol compounds in wines was increased by 22.4% after supplementation with pulp and by 56.7% after supplementation with both pulp and seed. The reduction rate of NO evolution was highest in the order juice-pulp-seed wine, juice-pulp wine, and juice wine. Addition of the juice-pulp-seed wine at a level of 62.5-500 mg/L decreased the NO evolution rate by 40.5-94.2%. Eight fractions were obtained from juice-pulp-seed wine via ethyl acetate extraction and silica gel chromatography. Of these, the AF fraction, which exhibited the highest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, exerted inhibitory effects on ear edema, writhing response, and vein membrane vascular permeability in mice. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid accounted for 37.6% of the total polyphenol content in the AF fraction.
authors.affiliation: Bohae R&D Center,  Bohae Brewery Company, Ltd. , Yongin, Kyonggido 449-171, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Chul Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004423:Ear; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D059808:Polyphenols; D009569:Nitric Oxide