title: Poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-encapsulated vaccine on immune system in Epinephelus bruneus against Uronema marinum.
abstract: We investigate the efficacy of poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-encapsulated vaccine on innate and adaptive immune response in kelp grouper (Epinephelus bruneus) against Uronema marinum at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The respiratory burst (RB) activity, complement activity, and α2-macroglobulin were significantly enhanced in fish immunization with vaccine on week 4 whereas vaccine and PLGA-encapsulated vaccine from weeks 1 to 4. The serum lysozyme activity, antiprotease activity, and antibody level were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with vaccine and PLGA-encapsulated vaccine on weeks 2 and 4. The cumulative mortality was low in PLGA-encapsulated vaccine with 20% whereas high in PLGA and vaccine with 40% and 30%. The results from the present study suggest that PLGA-encapsulated vaccine is useful for further design of immunoprophylatic nano formulation against scuticociliatosis.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea. rhari123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008863:Microspheres; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D016802:Oligohymenophorea / Q000276:immunology*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014612:Vaccines; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D009113:Muramidase