title: Aesthetic and reconstructive rhinoplasty: a continuum.
abstract: The anatomy and aesthetics of the nose never change and are similar for cosmetic and reconstructive rhinoplasty. The disciplines differ in the cause of injury, which determines the site and degree of damage, the subsequent deformity, and the therapeutic approach to repair. The cosmetic surgeon modifies the bony-cartilaginous framework to support and mould the overlying skin. A thick, scarred or large skin envelope may limit the expected result but cannot be altered. When severe scarring or necrosis occurs after a cosmetic rhinoplasty or filler injection, missing external skin and internal lining become a controlling factor in achieving nasal shape and must be replaced in exact dimension and border outline, guided by the principles of aesthetic nasal reconstruction. This paper illustrates the use of a 3 stage forehead flap and anatomic reconstruction of the tip cartilages to repair a full thickness necrosis of the tip after a cosmetic filler injection. An overview of presentation and treatment of this complication is presented with reconstructive guidelines to direct the surgeon to successful repair.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery, 1102 N. El Dorado Pl., Tucson, AZ 85715, USA. drmenick@drmenick.com
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Menick
mesh_terms: D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005546:Forehead / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology