title: Risk assessment of Pakistani individuals for diabetes (RAPID).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a risk score to predict people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional data regarding primary prevention of diabetes in Pakistan. Diabetes risk score was developed by using simple parameters namely age, waist circumference, and family history of diabetes. Odds ratios of the model were used to assign a score value for each variable and the diabetes risk score was calculated as the sum of those scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We externally validated the score using two data from 1264 subjects and 856 subjects aged 25 years and above from two separate studies respectively. Validating this score using the first data from the second screening study gave an area under the receive operator characteristics curve [AROC] of 0.758. A cut point of 4 had a sensitivity of 47.0% and specificity of 88% and in the second data AROC is 0.7 with 44% sensitivity and 89% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple diabetes risk score, based on a set of variables can be used for the identification of high risk individuals for early intervention to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in Pakistani population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Block 2, Nazimabad, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Musarrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basit
authors.forename: Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Hydrie
authors.forename: Fariha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: Akhtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hakeem
authors.forename: Abdus Samad
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010375:Pedigree; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000208:ethnology