title: In vitro toxicity of nitrite on haemocytes of the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, using flow cytometric analysis.
abstract: This study investigated the in vitro effects of nitrite on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NO production, esterase activity and cell apoptosis of Penaeus monodon haemocytes. Haemocytes were in vitro exposed to different dose of nitrite (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μM). Cellular responses of nitrite-treated haemocytes were determined by flow cytometry. The results revealed that haemocytes treated by nitrite in vitro showed conspicuous time- and dose-dependent decreases in ROS and NO production as well as esterase activity. Additionally, 0.1 and 0.5 μM nitrite did not affect the apoptotic cell ratio during the 3h experimental time, while significant increases in apoptotic cells were observed after haemocyte exposure to nitrite at 1 μM for 3h, and at 5 or 10 μM for 1h. These results indicated that nitrite suppresses cellular functions, including production of ROS and NO, and activity of esterase. Cell apoptosis of haemocytes would be induced by extracellular nitrite as doses exceed 1 μM.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: An-Li
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xuan-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chao-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Shao-An
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004950:Esterases / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D009573:Nitrites / Q000633:toxicity*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000166:cytology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004950:Esterases