title: Disability in women suffering from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine a biopsychosocial framework of patient disability in patients suffering from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). To evaluate the impact of psychosocial factors on the relationship between pain and disability within women with IC/BPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with IC/BPS completed questionnaires including demographics, symptoms and problems (IC Symptom and Problem Indices), pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire), quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study - Short Form 12), disability (Pain Disability Index) and psychosocial variables (Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale; State Trait Anxiety Inventory; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to determine the factor structure and composition of the measured variables. Structural equation modelling was used to examine model fit and the mediation effect of the psychosocial factors (negative affect, catastrophizing and social support) on impairments and functional disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaires completed by 196 women with IC/BPS provided data for the present study. The measurement model showed good fit to the data. Negative affect (P < 0.001) and catastrophizing (P < 0.001) were significant in explaining the relationship between impairments and functional disability, whereas social support did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disability in patients suffering from IC/BPS is partially explained by the impact of negative affect and catastrophizing. As a result of the refractory nature of IC/BPS, patient management within a biopsychosocial framework represents an essential area of investigation. Decreases in negative affect and catastrophizing will probably lead to improvements in pain-related disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. laura.katz@queensu.ca
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.forename: J Curtis
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reimann
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Ophoven
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D002170:Canada; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000523:psychology; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult