title: Microstructural and topographical characterization of different surface treatments of a surgical titanium alloy for dental implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a topographical characterization of a titanium alloy subjected to different surface treatments using roughness evaluation, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each group, 6 discs of a titanium alloy had their surfaces modified by 4 treatments. All surfaces were blasted with Al2O3, cleaned, and the specimens were divided into 4 groups: G1, immersion in a standardized acid solution (SAS) (control group); G2, immersion in acetone, followed by immersion in SAS; G3, immersion in acetone, followed by immersion in SAS, followed by immersion in nitric acid; G4, immersion in acetone, followed by immersion in SAS, followed by immersion in sulfuric acid. Roughness parameters were determined with a roughness tester, and data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α = 5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the roughness parameters, no significant differences were found. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed irregular surfaces with the presence of particles uniformly deposited on the surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A similar roughness pattern was created for all the groups. The images and topographic profiles indicated that all the groups showed high levels of roughness.
authors.affiliation: Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leila Abdul
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carimo Marino
authors.forename: Tatiana Miranda
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Deliberador
authors.forename: João César
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zielak
authors.forename: Gisele Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Correr
authors.forename: Allan Fernando
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Giovanini
authors.forename: Carla Castiglia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gonzaga
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000497:Alloys; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium