title: Comprehensive analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 76 women with recurrent miscarriage before and after lymphocyte immunotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) for unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) remains indefinite. The objective of the present study is to comprehensively evaluate the alterations in the proportions and functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with uRM before and after LIT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six women with uRM were included in the present study. Immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes (76 patients), NK cytotoxicity (62 patients) and Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α)/Th2 (IL-10) ratios (73 patients) were assessed during the luteal phase before LIT and after the third LIT by the flow cytometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To date, 29 patients had already delivered or been pregnant more than 20 weeks (successful pregnancy group) and 5 patients experienced subsequent abortion (abortion group). The percentages of CD3(+) T cell, CD3(+) CD4(+) T cell and IL-10-producing Th1 cell were significantly increased, whereas the percentages of CD3(+) HLA-DR(+) T cell, CD56(+) CD3(-) NK cell and CD56(dim ) CD16(+) NK cell, the NK cytotoxicity and the ratios of Th1/Th2 were significantly decreased after LIT in the total patients and in the successful pregnant group. The percentages of CD56(+ ) CD3(-) NK cell and IFN-γ-producing cell, and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 were significantly lower after LIT in the successful pregnant group compared to those in the abortion group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LIT alters the proportions and functions of most peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Some of these alterations may be beneficial for pregnancy maintenance, whereas some may be potential markers for predicting subsequent abortion.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center for Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion & Recurrent Implantation Failure, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urological Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Peiyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Meilan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Guan-Gui
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Tonghua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xuebing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma