title: Vascular protection to increase the safety of tissue plasminogen activator for stroke.
abstract: Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but can cause vascular damage leading to edema formation and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). In this review, we discuss how tPA contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular damage and highlight evidence to support combination therapy of tPA with pharmacological agents that are vascular protective. There is an unmet need to develop therapeutic interventions which target the underlying mechanisms of vascular damage after acute ischemic stroke in order to prevent HT and improve the safety and impact of tPA.
authors.affiliation: Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Tauheed
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishrat
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saler
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fagan
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator