title: The detection and characterization of a nontransiting planet by transit timing variations.
abstract: The Kepler mission is monitoring the brightness of ~150,000 stars, searching for evidence of planetary transits. As part of the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK) project, we report a planetary system with two confirmed planets and one candidate planet discovered with the publicly available data for KOI-872. Planet b transits the host star with a period P(b) = 33.6 days and exhibits large transit timing variations indicative of a perturber. Dynamical modeling uniquely detects an outer nontransiting planet c near the 5:3 resonance (P(c) = 57.0 days) with a mass 0.37 times that of Jupiter. Transits of a third planetary candidate are also found: a 1.7-Earth radius super-Earth with a 6.8-day period. Our analysis indicates a system with nearly coplanar and circular orbits, reminiscent of the orderly arrangement within the solar system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. davidn@boulder.swri.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nesvorný
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kipping
authors.forename: Lars A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Buchhave
authors.forename: Gáspár Á
authors.initials: GÁ
authors.lastname: Bakos
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Schmitt