title: Topography-guided laser refractive surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Topography-guided laser refractive surgery seeks to correct vision by altering the major refractive surface of the eye. Whereas results are not significantly different from current treatment options for primary surgery, topography-guided treatment is uniquely effective in eyes with corneal irregularity. This review highlights topography-guided ablations, emphasizing recent advances in treating highly aberrated eyes, including treatment for corneal ectasia in conjunction with collagen cross-linking (CXL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies continue to document similar outcomes between topography-guided and wavefront-guided customized corneal ablations while exploring the indications for each modality. Topography-guided ablations demonstrate good outcomes for the correction of astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty, laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap or interface complications, post-radial keratotomy eyes, and other highly aberrated corneas, many of which are poor candidates for wavefront-guided therapy. The use of topography-guided ablations with CXL seeks to address both the refractive and structural abnormalities of corneal ectasias. This combination therapy has shown promising results for keratoconus, post-LASIK ectasia, and pellucid marginal degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topography-guided customized corneal ablation is well tolerated and effective. Recent attention has been focused on the unique therapeutic benefits of this treatment for highly irregular and ectatic corneas with encouraging results.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, Cole Eye Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave i-13, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. theopasquali@gmail.com
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; D054018:Lasers, Excimer / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy