title: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2: emerging transcriptional roles of a DNA-repair protein.
abstract: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-2 is a nuclear enzyme that belongs to the PARP family and PARP-2 is responsible for 5-15 % of total cellular PARP activity. PARP-2 was originally described in connection to DNA repair and in physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with genome maintenance (e.g., centromere and telomere protection, spermiogenesis, thymopoiesis, azoospermia, and tumorigenesis). Recent reports have identified important rearrangements in gene expression upon the knockout of PARP-2. Such rearrangements heavily impact inflammation and metabolism. Metabolic effects are mediated through modifying PPARγ and SIRT1 function. Altered gene expression gives rise to a complex phenotype characterized primarily by enhanced mitochondrial activity that results both in beneficial (loss of fat, enhanced insulin sensitivity) and in disadvantageous (pancreatic beta cell hypofunction upon high fat feeding) consequences. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis provides protection in oxidative stress-related diseases. Hereby, we review the recent developments in PARP-2 research with special attention to the involvement of PARP-2 in transcriptional and metabolic regulation.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Health Science Center, MHSC, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Pf. 7, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Magdolna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szántó
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunyánszki
authors.forename: Borbála
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Lilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gergely
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Virág
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004260:DNA Repair; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D056564:Sirtuin 1