title: High levels of leptin modulate esophageal motor characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: Leptin regulates gastric and intestinal motility, but its effect on oesophageal motility is unknown. We analyzed oesophageal manometric characteristics in diabetics with elevated leptin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting blood leptin levels were measured in 32 type 2 individuals aged from 39-81 years. An oesophageal stationary manometry was then performed. Each manometric door (P) registered one third of the oesophageal activity. Results are presented as mean +/- SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one subjects had elevated leptin (HLL) while 11 displayed normal levels (NLL). Peristaltic wave distributions (%) in NLL vs. HLL were 79.4 +/- 26.3 vs. 88.6 +/- 8.3 (p = 0.2). Simultaneous and retrograde waves showed similar trends. Non-transmitted waves were 16.1 +/- 26.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 4.5% (p < 0.05). Amplitudes in NLL vs. HLL (in mm Hg) were P1: 30.2 +/- 10.8 vs. 33.2 +/- 11.7 (p = 0.4), P2: 38.4 +/- 14.4 vs. 58.0 +/- 21.2 (p = 0.01), P3: 42.4 +/- 14.4 vs. 64.7 +/-2 8.3 (p < 0.006), and average amplitudes: 37.1 +/- 12.1 vs. 52.1 +/- 17.6 (p = 0.01). Wave average upstroke (in mm Hgs) was P1: 25.6 +/- 19.1 vs. 23.3 +/- 10.1 (p = 0.6), P2: 26.8 +/- 10.7 vs. 36.2 +/- 11.6 (p < 0.03), and P3: 25.5 +/- 9.1 vs. 34.1 +/- 16.3, (p < 0.06). Wave maximum upstroke was P1: 39.0 +/- 18.6 vs. 40.5 +/- 13.8, (p = 0.8), P2: 45.5 +/- 15.5 vs. 63.8 +/- 19.2 (p = 0.01), P3: 46.6 +/- 17.8 vs. 65.0 +/- 29.1 (p <0.03). Wave duration in distal oesophagus was 4.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.5 +/- 1.1 s (p = 0.01), and velocity 3.3 +/- 3.3 vs. 2.96 +/- 3.7 cm/s (p = 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1--Non-transmitted waves were slightly higher in NLL. 2--In medium and distal oesophagus, the wave amplitude, medium and maximum upstroke, and duration in distal oesophagus were increased in HLL.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal. cambombo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Cláudia Iracema Cardoso
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Maria Henriqueta
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Panão
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin