title: Validation of a child-friendly version of the monetary incentive delay task.
abstract: The monetary incentive delay (MID) task (Knutson, 2000) is an imaging paradigm used to measure neural activity of incentive receipt anticipation. The task reliably elicits striatal activation and is commonly used with both adult and adolescent populations, but is not designed for use with children. In the current article, we present data on the newly designed 'piñata task' a child-friendly analog of the MID task. We demonstrate the task can be used successfully in children to study the neural correlates of anticipatory incentive processing. Results from a behavioral study and a neuroimaging study are reported. In Study #1, a sample of 8- to 14-year-old children demonstrates expected behavioral effects: subjects responded most quickly and most accurately on trials with greater potential rewards; older children displayed faster reaction times than younger. In Study #2, 8- to 12-year-old children showed neural activation patterns consistent with those seen in adults in the MID task: activation was modulated by cue incentive value in reward-processing regions, including the striatum, thalamus, mesial prefrontal cortex and insula. Study results suggest that the piñata task is a valid analog of the MID task, and can be used to assess neural correlates of reward processing in children as young as 8-9 years of age.
authors.affiliation: 1Imaging Research Center, Department of Psychology, and Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. shelfins@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Helfinstein
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.forename: Brenda E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007092:Imagination; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen