title: Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl concentrations in American Red Cross adult blood donors, 2000-2010.
abstract: Eleven perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) were analyzed in plasma from a total of 600 American Red Cross adult blood donors from six locations in 2010. The samples were extracted by protein precipitation and quantified by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). The anions of the three perfluorosulfonic acids measured were perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The anions of the eight perfluorocarboxylic acids were perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA). Findings were compared to results from different donor samples analyzed at the same locations collected in 2000-2001 (N = 645 serum samples) and 2006 (N = 600 plasma samples). Most measurements in 2010 were less than the lower limit of quantitation for PFBS, PFPeA, PFHxA, and PFDoA. For the remaining analytes, the geometric mean concentrations (ng/mL) in 2000-2001, 2006, and 2010 were, respectively, PFHxS: (2.25, 1.52, 1.34); PFOS (34.9, 14.5, 8.3); PFHpA (0.13, 0.09, 0.05); PFOA (4.70, 3.44, 2.44); PFNA (0.57, 0.97, 0.83); PFDA (0.16, 0.34, 0.27), and PFUnA (0.10, 0.18, 0.14). The percentage decline (parentheses) in geometric mean concentrations from 2000-2001 to 2010 were PFHxS (40%), PFOS (76%), and PFOA (48%). The decline in PFOS suggested a population halving time of 4.3 years. This estimate is comparable to the geometric mean serum elimination half-life of 4.8 years reported in individuals. This similarity supports the conclusion that the dominant PFOS-related exposures to humans in the United States were greatly mitigated during the phase-out period.
authors.affiliation: 3M Company, Medical Department, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. gwolsen@mmm.com
authors.forename: Geary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Cleston C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ellefson
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Corinne L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Ross M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Herron
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Medhdizadehkashi
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nobiletti
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Reagen
authors.forename: Larry R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Zobel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001782:Blood Donors; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012011:Red Cross; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C018959:hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid