title: CML9, an Arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein, contributes to plant innate immunity through a flagellin-dependent signalling pathway.
abstract: Many stimuli such as hormones and elicitors induce changes in intracellular calcium levels to integrate information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca(2+)  signals are perceived by various Ca(2+)  sensors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best characterized in eukaryotes. Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins extend the Ca(2+)  toolkit in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM but their roles at physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. Knowledge of the contribution of Ca(2+)  decoding proteins to plant immunity is emerging, and we report here data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9, whose expression is rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, flagellin and salicylic acid. Using a reverse genetic approach, we present evidence that CML9 is involved in plant defence by modulating responses to bacterial strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Compared to wild-type plants, the later responses normally observed upon flagellin application are altered in knockout mutants and over-expressing transgenic lines. Collectively, using PAMP treatment and P. syringae strains, we have established that CML9 participates in plant innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Louis-Jérôme
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Leba
authors.forename: Cécilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheval
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Martín
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ranty
authors.forename: Carmen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Beuzón
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Galaud
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aldon
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005408:Flagellin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005838:Genotype; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D057865:Plant Immunity; D018515:Plant Leaves; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D036226:Seedlings; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C465133:CaM9 protein, Arabidopsis; D002147:Calmodulin; D005936:Glucans; D005408:Flagellin; C048306:callose; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D002118:Calcium