title: Therapeutic potential of ginger against renal injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of successive ginger extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol) against nephrotoxicity induced by CCl(4) in rats. The evaluation was done through measuring kidney antioxidant parameters: glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Renal function test: urea, creatinine and serum protein values, were also evaluated. The work was extended to examine tissue inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)), collagen content and the kidney histopathology. Severe alterations in all biomarkers were observed after injury with CCl(4). Treatment with ginger extracts resulted in markedly decreased levels of LPO, PGE(2), collagen and kidney function tests, while increased levels of GSH, SOD and serum protein were observed. In conclusion, extracts of ginger, particularly the ethanol, resulted in an attractive candidate for the treatment of nephropathy induced by CCl(4) through scavenging free radicals, improved kidney functions, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, and normalizing the kidney histopathological architecture. Further studies are required in order to identify the molecules responsible of the pharmacological activity.
authors.affiliation: Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki 12311, Cairo, Egypt. manal_hamed@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Manal A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.forename: Sanaa A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Nagy Saba
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: El-Rigal
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D015232:Dinoprostone