title: [Study on the association of oral contraceptives, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and risk of stroke in women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the associations of oral contraceptives (OC) exposure, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and their joint actions with the risk of stroke in Chinese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study, based on a set cohort, was carried out. Incident cases of stroke identified between July 1 1997 and June 30 2009 were enrolled. One hospital control and healthy community control were matched on region and age (± 3 years). A total of 453 women with stroke and 919 controls were recruited. I/D gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), A-240T polymorphism were detected by TagMan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The risk of stroke gradually increased with the cumulative time of OC being used in women (P < 0.0001). Compared with non-users, the risk of stroke significantly increased among those with cumulative time of using OC longer than 20 years (adjusted OR was 2.07, with 95%CI as 1.30 - 3.29). (2) ID/DD genotype of I/D locus indicated significantly an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted OR, 2.37; 95%CI, 1.46 - 3.84). (3) Women with ID/DD genotype of I/D locus or with TA/TT genotype of A-240T locus and using OC could significantly increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted OR was 4.59; with 95%CI as 2.21 - 9.51 and OR was 2.50; with 95%CI as 1.42 - 4.38). (4) Data from multivariate analyses showed that both OC and ID/DD genotypes were important risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ID/DD and TA/TT genotypes of ACE gene, OC and their joint action might increase the risk of stroke, especially on hemorrhagic stroke in Chinese women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Hui-qiao
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhi-ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.forename: Zhi-zheng
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A