title: Effect of intra-articular injection of levobupivacaine on articular cartilage and synovium in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intra-articular local anesthetics are often used for prevention of pain after arthroscopic knee surgery. However, the effect of local anesthetics other than bupivacaine on articular cartilage and synovium has not been studied. Also, complications associated with the injection of intra-articular bupivacaine have appeared in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of levobupivacaine on the articular cartilage and the synovium in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under aseptic conditions 0.25 ml (5 mg/ml) of levobupivacaine was injected into the right knee joint while 0.25 ml of saline was simultaneously injected into the left knee joint of 20 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The purpose of saline injections was to serve as a control group. Groups of five rats were killed on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 after administration of injections. The knee joint samples were evaluated for the presence of inflammation in the articular and periarticular tissues and the synovium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the levobupivacaine and control groups with respect to inflammation in the articular and periarticular tissues and the synovium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more studies are needed before final recommendations can be made, by evaluating the results obtained from this study, the clinical use of intra-articular levobupivacaine can be recommended for arthroscopic knee surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. aydinerden@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Erden
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altinel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saricaoglu
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Akinci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asan
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aypar
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine