title: Determination of fluoride concentration in powdered milk in Iran 2010.
abstract: High concentrations of fluoride (F) in powdered milk (formula milk) can have adverse health effects on the body. The F concentration in powdered milk was analysed in Iran in 2010. A total of twelve commercial brands of highly consumed powdered milk were selected to analyse the F content through the standard F ion-selective electrode method. From each brand, three samples with different production dates were selected. The means and standard deviation for F concentration in all the samples was 1·73 (sd 0·3) μg F/g. The minimum and maximum F content in powdered milk brands Humana2 and Humana3 was 1·32 (sd 0·1) and 2·36 (sd 0·3) μg F/g, respectively. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in F concentration in the samples that belonged to various dates. Humana3 had a high F concentration (with an average of 2·36 (sd 0·3) μg F/g), which can be a risk factor for increased dental fluorosis, especially when being prepared using water with a high content of F.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hossein Mahvi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanbarian
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanbarian
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khosravi
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanbarian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000209:etiology; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007492:Iran; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D005459:Fluorides