title: Monte Carlo N-particle simulation of neutron-based sterilisation of anthrax contamination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To simulate the neutron-based sterilisation of anthrax contamination by Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) 4C code.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neutrons are elementary particles that have no charge. They are 20 times more effective than electrons or γ-rays in killing anthrax spores on surfaces and inside closed containers. Neutrons emitted from a (252)Cf neutron source are in the 100 keV to 2 MeV energy range. A 2.5 MeV D-D neutron generator can create neutrons at up to 10(13) n s(-1) with current technology. All these enable an effective and low-cost method of killing anthrax spores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no effect on neutron energy deposition on the anthrax sample when using a reflector that is thicker than its saturation thickness. Among all three reflecting materials tested in the MCNP simulation, paraffin is the best because it has the thinnest saturation thickness and is easy to machine. The MCNP radiation dose and fluence simulation calculation also showed that the MCNP-simulated neutron fluence that is needed to kill the anthrax spores agrees with previous analytical estimations very well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MCNP simulation indicates that a 10 min neutron irradiation from a 0.5 g (252)Cf neutron source or a 1 min neutron irradiation from a 2.5 MeV D-D neutron generator may kill all anthrax spores in a sample. This is a promising result because a 2.5 MeV D-D neutron generator output >10(13) n s(-1) should be attainable in the near future. This indicates that we could use a D-D neutron generator to sterilise anthrax contamination within several seconds.
authors.affiliation: School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China. Liu_Bin@ncepu.edu.cn
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ouyang
mesh_terms: D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009502:Neutrons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000528:radiation effects; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*