title: Photocatalytic inactivation of influenza virus by titanium dioxide thin film.
abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) under ultraviolet (UV) light produces a strong oxidative effect and may therefore be used as a photocatalytic disinfectant. Although many studies on the photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria have been reported, few studies have addressed virus inactivation. In the present study, we demonstrated the inactivation of influenza virus through TiO(2) photocatalysis using TiO(2) nanoparticles immobilized on a glass plate. The influences of the UV intensity, UV irradiation time and bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration in the viral suspensions on the inactivation kinetics were investigated. Additionally, we also determined whether the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methodology for the evaluation of antibacterial activity of TiO(2) photocatalysis could be applied to the evaluation of antiviral activity. The viral titers were dramatically reduced by the photocatalytic reaction. Even with a low intensity of UV-A (0.01 mW cm(-2)), a viral reduction of approximately 4-log(10) was observed within a short irradiation time. The viral inactivation kinetics were associated with the exposure time, the UV intensity and the BSA concentration in virus suspensions. These results show that TiO(2) photocatalysis could be used to inactivate the influenza virus. Furthermore, a minor modification of the ISO test method for anti-bacterial effects of TiO(2) photocatalysis could be useful for the evaluation of antiviral activity.
authors.affiliation: Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. pg_nakano@newkast.or.jp
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jitsuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kajioka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.forename: Kayano
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunada
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minoshima
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D014025:Titanium