title: Elevated expression of chloride intracellular channel 1 is correlated with poor prognosis in human gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues and is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies have shown that CLIC1 is highly expressed in several human malignant tumors. However, its roles in human gliomas are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of CLIC1 expression in human gliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  CLIC1 expression in human gliomas and nonneoplastic brain tissues was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay and immunohistochemistry. Its association with clinicopathological factors or prognosis in patients with gliomas was statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of CLIC1 at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased in high-grade (Grade III~IV) glioma tissues compared with that in low-grade (Grade I~II) and nonneoplastic brain tissues, and was up-regulated with ascending tumor World Health Organization (WHO) grades. The elevated expression of CLIC1 protein was also significantly correlated with low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) (P=0.008). Moreover, both univariate and multivariate analysis shown that high CLIC1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with gliomas (P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively). In particular, the elevated CLIC1 expression also correlated with shorter overall survival in different glioma subgroups stratified according to the WHO grading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide the first evidence that CLIC1 expression might play an important role in the regulation of aggressiveness in human gliomas. The elevated expression of CLIC1 might represent a valuable prognostic marker for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of neurosurgery, Tangdu hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of PLA, No,569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an City, 710038, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yanyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Peigang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jianhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jipei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C501966:CLIC1 protein, human; D018118:Chloride Channels