title: Osteocalcin and vitamin D status are inversely associated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in Canadian Aboriginal and white women: the First Nations Bone Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteocalcin, a protein synthesized by osteoblasts, and vitamin D status have independently been implicated in energy metabolism and glucose regulation. This study was conducted to simultaneously explore the relationships among osteocalcin, vitamin D status and indicators of glucose metabolism and adiposity in a mixed-ethnicity cohort of adult women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aboriginal and white women (n=368) over 25 years of age (45.3±13.6 years) were studied for measures of osteocalcin and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] plus glucose metabolism including glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Measures of adiposity included body mass index (BMI) plus total body fat and trunk fat from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aboriginal women had higher BMI, fat and markers of dysglycemia. Osteocalcin was not different between groups, but 25(OH)D was lower in Aboriginal women. Osteocalcin was inversely related to all five parameters of glucose metabolism, whereas 25(OH)D was inversely related to insulin, C-peptide and HOMA-IR. After accounting for age, ethnicity or adiposity using regression analyses, glucose, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were inversely related to both osteocalcin and 25(OH)D. However, only 25(OH)D was inversely related to C-peptide, and neither osteocalcin nor 25(OH)D was related to insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data from a unique mixed Aboriginal and white population suggest that both vitamin D and osteocalcin are involved in glucose control.
authors.affiliation: School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. hope.weiler@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Hope A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krahn
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044467:American Indian or Alaska Native; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D005947:Glucose