title: [Efficacy of high-dose toremifene as a second-line hormone therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer resistant to aromatase inhibitor].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aromatase inhibitors(AIs)are frequently employed for advanced or metastatic postmenopausal breast cancer as first-line hormone therapy. However, it is unknown which hormonal agent is the most appropriate after AI has failed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hormone-responsive postmenopausal women who used AI as a first-line hormone therapy for advanced or metastatic breast cancer, but AI failed, received high-dose toremifene therapy(HD-TOR: 120mg/day)in our hospital. Efficacy and safety were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were all-hormone sensitive, and only one case had HER2 overexpression. All patients had received anastrozole(ANA)as first-line hormone therapy. Of a total of 5 cases, 3 were evaluated as partial responses(PR), 1 was a long stable disease(L-SD), and 1 was a progressive disease(PD). The overall response rate (RR)was 60. 0%(3/5 cases)and the clinical benefit rate(CB)was 80. 0%(4/5 cases). Grade 1 dry mouth was observed in one case as an adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HD-TOR as a second-line therapy is optimal for advanced or metastatic AI resistance postmenopausal breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kikugawa General Hospital.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onuki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D017312:Toremifene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D017312:Toremifene