title: Intravesical hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: long-term treatment results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reconstruction of the glycosaminoglycan layer plays a role in the successful treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). Intravesical instillations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) have given results in the short term. We hypothesise that these benefits continue in the longer term.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the aim of evaluating this therapy over a longer period we treated 12 BPS/IC patients refractory to other treatments with a combination of HA 1.6 % and CS 2.0 % over a period of 3 years assessing symptoms and quality of life using a visual analogue scale, 3-day voiding diaries and validated questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements in bladder function were sustained for 3 years (mean number of daily voids decreased from 17.8 at baseline to 15.5 at 9 months and 11.9 at 3 years, and mean volume per void from 136.8 ml at baseline to 143.9 ml at 9 months and 180.9 ml at 3 years). Quality of life assessments confirmed these improvements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravesical instillations of HA and CS produced a sustained improvement of the symptomatology, up to 3 years, in patients with BPS/IC refractory to previous treatments. Further confirmation would be expected from larger controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynecology, San Carlo Hospital, Via Aurelia 275, 00165 Rome, Italy. m.cervigni@idi.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cervigni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nasta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mako
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates