title: Herpes simplex virus 1 induces de novo phospholipid synthesis.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 capsids bud at nuclear membranes and Golgi membranes acquiring an envelope composed of phospholipids. Hence, we measured incorporation of phospholipid precursors into these membranes, and quantified changes in size of cellular compartments by morphometric analysis. Incorporation of [³H]-choline into both nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes was significantly enhanced upon infection. [³H]-choline was also part of isolated virions even grown in the presence of brefeldin A. Nuclei expanded early in infection. The Golgi complex and vacuoles increased substantially whereas the endoplasmic reticulum enlarged only temporarily. The data suggest that HSV-1 stimulates phospholipid synthesis, and that de novo synthesized phospholipids are inserted into nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes to i) maintain membrane integrity in the course of nuclear and cellular expansion, ii) to supply membrane constituents for envelopment of capsids by budding at nuclear membranes and Golgi membranes, and iii) to provide membranes for formation of transport vacuoles.
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.forename: Anna Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.forename: Elisabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schraner
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonda
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaech
authors.forename: Miriam S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wild
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D014316:Tritium; D002794:Choline