title: Association of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) intake and dietary intervention and effects on oxidative stress biomarkers of dyslipidemic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of long-term ingestion of mate tea, with or without dietary intervention, on the markers of oxidative stress in dyslipidemic individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four dyslipidemic volunteers participated in this randomized clinical trial. Subjects were divided into three treatment groups: mate tea (MT), dietary intervention (DI), and mate tea with dietary intervention (MD). Biochemical and dietary variables were assessed at the beginning of the study (baseline) and after 20, 40, 60, and 90 d of treatment. Participants in the MT and MD groups consumed 1 L/d of mate tea. Those in the DI and MD groups were instructed to increase their intake of fruit, legumes and vegetables and decrease their consumption of foods rich in cholesterol and saturated and trans-fatty acids. Biomarkers of oxidative stress such as antioxidant capacity of serum (ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay), uric acid, reduced glutathione, paraoxonase-1 enzyme, lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and protein carbonyl were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the DI group showed a significant decrease in total fat and saturated fatty acid intakes. Those in the DI and MD groups presented a significant increase in vitamin C consumption. For all groups, there was a significant increase in ferric reducing antioxidant potential and reduced glutathione concentrations but no significant changes in LOOH, protein carbonyl, and paraoxonase-1 values. The reduced glutathione concentration was positively correlated with the consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and vitamin C, whereas levels of LOOH were inversely correlated with intakes of vitamin C and fiber. In addition, LOOH correlated positively with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which had a positive association with paraoxonase-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ingestion of mate tea independently of the dietary intervention increased plasma and blood antioxidant protection in patients with dyslipidemia.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Brunna Cristina Bremer
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Boaventura
authors.forename: Patrícia Faria
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Di Pietro
authors.forename: Aliny
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanuto
authors.forename: Graziela Alessandra
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Elayne Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: de Morais
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wazlawik
authors.forename: Edson Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D028321:Plant Preparations; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid