title: Prevalence of vertebral fracture in Asian men and women: comparison between Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia and Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the prevalence of vertebral fracture among Asians. This study investigated the prevalence of radiographically defined vertebral fracture, and identified associated risk factors in the aged population of four Asian countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 1588 males and females aged ≥ 65 years were recruited from Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia and Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard X-rays for the spine were taken and vertebral heights were measured. Vertebral fracture was defined as a reduction of >3 standard deviations in vertebral height ratio. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometric measurements were taken in Hong Kong and Japan. Other relevant data were entered in a standard questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of vertebral fracture for both males and females was highest in Japan for younger (65-74 years) and older (≥ 75 years) age groups (36.6% and 37.6% for males; 18.8% and 28.7% for females). Lower hip BMD was associated with vertebral fracture in both sexes. Older age, lower quality of life score on Short Form-12 (physical), past longest occupation as a farmer, and history of cataract were significantly associated with vertebral fracture in females. However, smoking did not appear to be an important risk factor for vertebral fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiographic assessments for vertebral fracture were performed in all four Asian countries. The prevalence of vertebral fracture was highest in Japan. Lower hip BMD, poorer physical condition and past longest occupation as a farmer were associated with vertebral fracture.
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. anthonykwok@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: A W L
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: J C S
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: A Y H
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: B S K
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: E M C
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yurianto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuktanandana
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akune
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*