title: Ultrastructural changes of corpus luteum after ovarian stimulation at implantation period.
abstract: To achieve multiple oocytes for in vitro fertilization, ovulation induction is induced by gonadotropins; however, it has several effects on oocytes and embryo quality and endometrium receptivity. The aim of this study was to assess ultrastructural changes of corpus luteum after ovarian induction using human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) during luteal phase at implantation period.
  
  
  
  Female NMRI mice (6-8 weeks) were divided into control and stimulated groups. In the control group, the mice were rendered pseudopregnant and in the ovarian induction group, the mice were rendered pseudopregnant after the ovarian induction. The samples were obtained from the ovary in each group at the same time during luteal phase at implantation period. Ultrastructural changes were assessed using electron microscopy study.
  
  
  
  Our results displayed some identifiable changes in ultrastructure of corpus luteum in ovarian induction group. These changes included enhancement of the apoptosis and intercellular space, whereas the angiogenesis was decreased. The findings indicated a decline in organelle density in the cytoplasm of ovarian induction, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosome. Furthermore, chromatin condensation of nuclei was observed in some cells.
  
  
  
  The ovarian induction using HMG and HCG resulted in some ultrastructural changes on the corpus luteum at implantation period, which could affect on the pregnancy rate.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. mandbe2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mandana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beigi Boroujeni
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beigi Boroujeni
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojdeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salehnia
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. mandbe2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marandi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beigi Boroujeni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D008183:Luteal Phase; D008596:Menotropins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011132:Polyribosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011555:Pseudopregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D002843:Chromatin; D008596:Menotropins