title: Video-assisted left inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Penile cancer is a rare disease, most commonly encountered in developing countries. It constitutes 0.4% of cancers in U.S. men and 2.1% in Brazil, with the highest prevalence in the North and Northeast regions. Inguinal lymph node metastasis of penile cancer occurs in 20 to 40% of patients and is an important predictor of cancer-specific mortality. The preferred diagnostic and therapeutic tool to assess the regional lymph nodes is a lymphadenectomy which can, in addition to establishing staging, offers curative potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 44 years old man, previously to underwent a partial penectomy for penile cancer, whose pathology showed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with neural and angiolymphatic invasion and negative surgical margins. The pathologic stage of the primary tumor was pT3NxMx. Following a one month course of oral antibiotics, the patient underwent a video-assisted bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. In the present video, we highlight the left video-assisted inguinal lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen lymph nodes were dissected on the left side, two of them positive for cancer without extracapsular extension. On the right side, fourteen lymph nodes were dissected and one was positive for cancer with extracapsular extension, and the patient underwent based on these pathological findings a pelvic lymphadenectomy, which was similarly conducted using a video-assisted laparoscopic approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conventional open lymphadenectomy has a morbidity that can approach 50% in the current series, despite on the refinements in technique. The video-assisted endoscopy is a recent technique aiming to decrease this inherent complication rate promoting a lymph node resection rate which may be equivalent to the open procedure. This video confirms its feasibility, reduced morbidity, and cancer control efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. cesarbritto@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cesar Araujo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.forename: Rafael Batista
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rebouças
authors.forename: Tassilo Rodrigo Araujo
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Thiago Silva da
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Rodrigo de Carvalho Holanda
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Pedro Sales Lima de
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery