title: The preferential targeting of the diseased microvasculature by disk-like particles.
abstract: Different classes of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for controlling and improving the systemic administration of therapeutic and contrast agents. Particle shape has been shown to be crucial in the vascular transport and adhesion of NPs. Here, we use mesoporous silicon non-spherical particles, of disk and rod shapes, ranging in size from 200nm to 1800nm. The fabrication process of the mesoporous particles is described in detail, and their transport and adhesion properties under flow are studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Numerical simulations predict the hydrodynamic forces on the particles and help in interpreting their distinctive behaviors. Under microvascular flow conditions, for disk-like shape, 1000×400nm particles show maximum adhesion, whereas smaller (600×200nm) and larger (1800×600nm) particles adhere less by a factor of about two. Larger rods (1800×400nm) are observed to adhere at least 3 times more than smaller ones (1500×200nm). For particles of equal volumes, disks adhere about 2 times more than rods. Maximum adhesion for intermediate sized disks reflects the balance between adhesive interfacial interactions and hydrodynamic dislodging forces. In view of the growing evidence on vascular molecular heterogeneity, the present data suggests that thin disk-like particles could more effectively target the diseased microvasculature as compared to spheres and slender rods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Management Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adriani
authors.forename: Marco Donato
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: de Tullio
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Fazle
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pascazio
authors.forename: Xuewu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Decuzzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D055806:Microvessels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D053769:Nanocapsules; D012825:Silicon