title: Stem cells from umbilical cord and placenta for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from amnion/amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placental tissue, umbilical cord vein and the Wharton's Jelly are promising candidates for musculoskeletal tissue engineering of bone and cartilage tissues. The extracorporeal nature of this source avoids the ethical concerns that plague the isolation of embryonic stem cells. Moreover, the harvesting does not require the invasive and discomfort extraction procedures as well as patient risks that attend adult stem cell isolation. Current preclinical studies support the application of these cell-based therapies for the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. We performed a review of the literature to focus on actual knowledge and the future perspectives of the stem cells deriving from umbilical cord and placenta for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy. g.longo@unicampus.it
authors.forename: Umile Giuseppe
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loppini
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berton
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Verde
authors.forename: Wasim S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Denaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D009142:Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology*