title: Transformation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and their distribution in soils of fall places of rocket carriers in Central Kazakhstan.
abstract: In our research, three fall places of first stages of Proton rockets have been studied for the presence and distribution of transformation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (1,1-DMH). Results of identification of transformation products of 1,1-DMH in real soil samples polluted due to rocket fuel spills allowed to detect 18 earlier unknown metabolites of 1,1-DMH being formed only under field conditions. According to the results of quantitative analyses, maximum concentrations of 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole made up 57.3, 44.9 and 13.3 mg kg(-1), of 1-ethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole - 5.45, 3.66 and 0.66 mg kg(-1), of 1,3-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole - 24.0, 17.8 and 4.9 mg kg(-1) in fall places 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole was detected only in fall places 2 and 3 where its maximum concentrations made up 4.2 and 0.66 mg kg(-1), respectively. The pollution of soils with transformation products of 1,1-DMH was only detected in epicenters of fall places having a diameter of 8 to10 m where rocket boosters landed. The results of a detailed study of distribution of 1,1-DMH transformation products along the soil profile indicate that transformation products can migrate down to the depth of 120 cm, The highest concentrations of 1,1-DMH transformation products were detected, as a rule, at the depth 20 to 60 cm. However, this index can vary depending on the compound, humidity and physical properties of soil, landscape features and other conditions. In the surface layer, as a rule, only semi-volatile products of transformation were detected which was caused by fast evaporation and biodegradation of volatile metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96A Tole Bi st., Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan. bkenesov@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bulat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kenessov
authors.forename: Mereke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alimzhanova
authors.forename: Yerbolat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sailaukhanuly
authors.forename: Nassiba
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baimatova
authors.forename: Madi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abilev
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batyrbekova
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Akyl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tulegenov
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nauryzbayev
mesh_terms: D004127:Dimethylhydrazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007623:Kazakhstan; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction
chemical_list: D004127:Dimethylhydrazines; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C013958:dimazine