title: Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs in community-acquired pneumonia.
abstract: Pneumonia exhibits a broad range of severity, from mildly symptomatic at one end to fulminant septic shock and death at the other. Although an adequate inflammatory response is necessary for the clearance of microorganisms, excessive inflammation can lead to ongoing local and systemic damage. Because of this extended inflammatory response despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, as well as increasing antibiotic resistance, adjuvant therapy for pneumonia that can favourably modify the immune response has become an increasingly relevant approach to improve prognosis. Different adjuvant treatment options for pneumonia have recently been proposed. Promising treatment options include corticosteroids, statins, macrolides and Toll-like receptor antagonists. The aim of this review is to summarize the inflammatory response during pneumonia and discuss the current knowledge and future perspectives regarding the anti-inflammatory treatment options for patients with pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. s.meijvis@antoniusziekenhuis.nl
authors.forename: S C A
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Meijvis
authors.forename: E M W
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van de Garde
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Rijkers
authors.forename: W J W
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D015897:Comorbidity; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D018942:Macrolides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D018942:Macrolides; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C507035:ethyl 6-(N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate