title: Gymnopilin--a substance produced by the hallucinogenic mushroom, Gymnopilus junonius--mobilizes intracellular Ca(2+) in dorsal root ganglion cells.
abstract: Gymnopilus junonius is a widely spread mushroom in Japan and well known as a hallucinogenic mushroom. Gymnopilin was purified from the fruiting body of G. junonius and was reported to act on the spinal cord and depolarize motoneurons. This is the only evidence that gymnopilin has a biological effect on animals and no mechanism of the action has been determined at all. In this study, we examined effects of gymnopilin on intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) of cultured cells isolated from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rat. The cell culture consisted of neurons and non-neuronal cells. Gymnopilin increased [Ca(2+)](i) in both the types of cells. The gymnopilinevoked [Ca(2+)](i) rise in the non-neuronal cells was inhibited by cyclopiazonic acid and U-73122, inhibitors of Ca(2+)-ATPase of the intracellular Ca(2+) store and phospholipase C, respectively, but not by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). These results indicate that gymnopilin activated phospholipase C and mobilize Ca(2+) from the intracellular Ca(2+) store in non-neuronal cells from the DRG. This is the first report to show that gymnopilin directly acts on cells isolated from the mammalian nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kayano
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichiyanagi
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Tadanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aimi
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D015093:Meglutol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020536:Enzyme Activators; D004963:Estrenes; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013729:Terpenes; C574698:gymnopilin 1; C574699:gymnopilin 2; C574700:gymnopilin 3; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; D015093:Meglutol; D010738:Type C Phospholipases