title: The relation of falls to fatigue, depression and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize non-motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) who experience falls compared to those who do not fall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four individuals with PD were studied. Thirty-six were fallers and 18 were non-fallers. Fatigue was assessed by the Iowa Fatigue Scale. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and depressive symptomatology was assessed by the short-form Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to non-fallers, fallers had more severe disability, greater general physical fatigue (p = 0.024), lower energy levels (p = 0.042) and less productivity (p = 0.007). Fallers had more depressive symptomatology than the non-fallers (p = 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness was not different between the two groups (p = 0.695).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with PD who fell had more severe motor and non-motor symptoms than those who did not fall. These non-motor symptoms included physical fatigue, energy, productivity and depressive symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77030, USA. mon.bryant@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Protas
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales