title: Sulphadiazine-induced obstructive renal failure complicating treatment of HIV-associated toxoplasmosis.
abstract: A patient with newly-diagnosed HIV infection and biopsy-proven cerebral toxoplasmosis was treated with sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine. Despite adequate hydration and daily examination of urine for sulphadiazine crystals obstructive uropathy due to bilateral ureteric stones with hydronephrosis occurred, resulting in rapid onset renal failure. Sulphadiazine was discontinued and clindamycin was substituted. With intravenous fluid hydration and bilateral nephrostomies the urolithiasis resolved. This case serves to remind clinicians of the need for vigilance when treating cerebral toxoplasmosis with sulphadiazine, in order to avoid this potentially serious complication of treatment.
authors.affiliation: T8, University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allinson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Topping
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D011739:Pyrimethamine