title: Detection of imported wild polioviruses and of vaccine-derived polioviruses by environmental surveillance in Egypt.
abstract: Systematic environmental surveillance for poliovirus circulation has been conducted in Egypt since 2000. The surveillance has revealed three independent importations of wild-type poliovirus. In addition, several vaccine-derived polioviruses have been detected in various locations in Egypt. In addition to acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, environmental surveillance can be used to monitor the wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus circulation in populations in support of polio eradication initiatives.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Virology Unit, Helsinki, Finland. soile.blomqvist@thl.fi
authors.forename: Soile
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blomqvist
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: El Bassioni
authors.forename: Eman M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: El Maamoon Nasr
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paananen
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaijalainen
authors.forename: Humayun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Gourville
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roivainen
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010243:Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D062486:Public Health Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage