title: Differences in substance-related risk behavior between dual and triple diagnosed severely mentally ill adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist between adults with dual and triple diagnoses with regard to substance-related risk behaviors.  METHODS: This secondary analysis was a cross-sectional study. There were 252 subjects with dual and triple diagnoses recruited from residential crisis programs in San Francisco. Using descriptive and logistic regression analyses, subjects in the two groups were compared with regard to demographic data, types of substances, and routes of administration used in the previous 30 days to determine risk for exposure and/or transmission of HIV/HCV.  RESULTS: When compared to the dual diagnosis group, subjects with triple diagnoses were four times more likely to have engaged in IDU (p=.001) and 2.6 times more likely to use amphetamines (p=.05). They also reported using more types of substances over the lifetime (p<.0001). But with regard to other risk behaviors such as alcohol use to intoxication and cocaine/crack use, there were no significant differences.  CONCLUSION: Though many substance-related risk behaviors occurred in both groups, adults with triple diagnoses were more likely to engage in IDU, amphetamine use, and to use more types of substances over the lifetime. This information has the potential to inform interventions that might prevent/reduce substance-related risk in this population.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Samuel Merritt University, 3100 Summit Street, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle Decoux
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chafetz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Portillo