title: Role of autophagy in monokine induced by interferon γ (Mig) production during adenovirus-hepatitis B virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HBV-induced Mig and role of autophagy in the process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adxsi-1.3 x HBV plasmid was constructed and identified. The three cell lines (L02, HepG2, SMMC-7721) were infected with adenovirus-HBV. HBsAg and HBeAg were assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. HBV DNA, HBx, Beclin 1 and Mig expression were detected by quantitative real-Time PCR, western blotting and ELISA. The level of autophagy was evaluated by transmission electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human fetal liver cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells were successfully transfected with overlength HBV genome using an adenovirus vector (Ad-HBV). Ad-HBV induced Mig production and cell autophagy through up-regulation of Beclin 1 expression. We further demonstrated that the increased autophagy extent was in association with HBV-induced Mig expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autophagy may be a crucial intracellular mechanism of Mig induction in response to HBV infection. The results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HBV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jiayi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: De-An
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D000071186:Beclin-1; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D058546:Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000032:analysis; D014162:Transfection; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein; D058546:Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases