title: Granulomatous orchitis in a pre-pubertal school-aged child: differential diagnosis dilemmas.
abstract: A 6-year-old male presented with testicular growth and persistent chronic orchiepididymitis with high inflammatory markers (C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Biopsies of the testes and epididymides showed bilateral epididymal and testicular granulomata, testicular fibrosis and chronic inflammatory infiltration, and the histological diagnosis was granulomatous orchitis. The symptoms receded with oral corticosteroids. Although rare, granulomatous orchitis is a possible diagnosis in children presenting testicular enlargement. It is important to differentiate it from testicular tumors (if necessary with testicular biopsy) and to investigate its association with systemic vasculitis and infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. lisieux@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Lisieux E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.forename: Kátia L M
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Maria L R
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.forename: Elissa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009920:Orchitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler