title: Distribution of methylone in four postmortem cases.
abstract: Drugs derived from amphetamine, methamphetamine and their methylenedioxy- analogues, although being sold as plant food or bath salts, are being used as legal alternatives to scheduled amphetamine stimulants. These products often contain methylone, mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)--three amphetamine derivatives shown to have strong pharmacological effects. Four postmortem cases were analyzed for methylone, mephedrone and MDPV, with drug levels quantitated in multiple biological matrices. All four cases had detectable levels of methylone, with heart blood concentrations of 0.740, 0.118, 0.060 and 1.12 mg/L. Analysis of several tissue samples shows that methylone does not sequester in a particular tissue type after death. The average liver-to-blood ratio was 2.68. Two cases also had MDPV present, but insufficient data were collected to formulate a hypothesis on postmortem sequestration or redistribution. Two different extraction methods, as well as analysis of derivatized and underivatized methylone, show that the drug is suitable for analysis in either method. The cases are believed to show one instance of chronic methylone use, with a urine concentration of 38 mg/L.
authors.affiliation: Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 900 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21223, USA. briancawrse@me.com
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cawrse
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jufer
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Shawn P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Vorce
authors.forename: Amber J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Holler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D055815:Young Adult; D000094982:Synthetic Cathinone
chemical_list: D052117:Benzodioxoles; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D008694:Methamphetamine; C548233:mephedrone; C400939:methylone; D000094982:Synthetic Cathinone