title: Malnutrition is prevalent among hemodialysis patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Malnutrition (MN) in hemodialysis patients (HDP) is prevalent worldwide. How-ever, data regarding the nutritional status among HDP living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is lacking. The purpose of this study was to detect MN in HDP at the Jeddah Kidney Center, with an inexpensive nutritional assessment protocol consisting of anthropometric body mass index (BMI), triceps skin fold (TSF), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and biochemical (albumin) blood measurements and the seven-point subjective global assessment (SGA). A cross-sectional study assessed 269 HDP for MN through a questionnaire, SGA and anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were determined between SGA and anthropometric and biochemical measurements as well as the relative odds of MN. Statistical significance was P <0.05. These HDP were 48.7% moderately and 6.3% severely malnourished. Albumin, BMI, TSF and MAMC correlated positively with the seven-point SGA (r s = 0.16, P = 0.007; r s = 0.33, P <0.001; r s = 0.29, P <0.001; and r s = 0.34, P <0.001, respectively). Those HDP who were female (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.04, P = 0.036), older (≥55 years) (OR = 1.70, P = 0.087), uneducated (OR = 1.80, P = 0.072), with a lower BMI (<18 kg/m²) (OR = 2.00, P = 0.077) and thinner TSF (OR = 1.45, P = 0.041) had a greater risk of MN. The high prevalence of MN was detected with an inexpensive protocol. Women with thinner TSF were more likely to be malnourished. The implementation of this protocol is warranted along with dietary education and counseling to decrease MN in HDP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
authors.forename: Khadija
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.forename: Evelyn B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Enrione
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin