title: NADPH oxidase as an important source of reactive oxygen species at the mouse maternal-fetal interface: putative biological roles.
abstract: Oxygen derivatives that comprise the large family of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are actively involved in placental biology. They are generated at the maternal-fetal interface at the level of decidual, trophoblast and mesenchymal components. In normal conditions, ROS produced in low concentrations participate in different functions as signalling molecules, regulating activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and protein kinases involved in cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis, hence much of cell functioning. Physiological ROS generation is also associated with such defence mechanisms as phagocytosis and microbiocidal activities. In mice, particularly but not exclusively, trophoblast cells phagocytose intensively during implantation and post-implantation periods and express enzymic machinery to address a ROS-producing response to changes in the environment. The cells directly associated with ROS production are trophoblast giant cells, which mediate each and every relationship with the maternal organism. In this review, the production of ROS by the implanting mouse trophoblast is discussed, focusing on NADPH oxidase expression, regulatory mechanisms and similarities with NOX2 from phagocytes. Some of the current controversies are assessed by attempting to integrate data from studies in human trophoblast and mouse models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil. bevilacq@usp.br
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: Sara Zago
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Aline Rodrigues
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lorenzon
authors.forename: Mara Sandra
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hoshida
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Amarante-Paffaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C488842:Cybb protein, mouse; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases