title: Human apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1) in cancer and chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Human apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1) possesses both extra- and intra-cellular functions crucial in host defense and cellular homeostatic mechanisms. Alterations in ApoL1 function due to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors have been associated with African sleeping sickness, atherosclerosis, lipid disorders, obesity, schizophrenia, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Importantly, two alleles of APOL1 carrying three coding-sequence variants have been linked to CKD, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africans and African Americans. Intracellularly, elevated ApoL1 can induce autophagy and autophagy-associated cell death, which may be critical in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in the kidney. Similarly, ApoL1 may protect kidney cells against renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We summarize the role of ApoL1 in RCC and CKD, highlighting the critical function of ApoL1 in autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. AHu@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Chien-An A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Edward I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Klopfer
authors.forename: Patricio E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C108666:APOL1 protein, human; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms