title: Inflammation, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease: role of aerobic capacity.
abstract: The persistent inflammatory state is common in diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These patients present exercise intolerance and increased arterial stiffness. Long-term aerobic exercise has been associated with better arterial compliance, antidiabetic and antiinflammatory benefits. We assessed the hypothesis that in patients with diabetes and CKD, better aerobic capacity is associated with less inflammatory state and arterial stiffness. Thirty-nine CKD patients (17 in hemodialysis) were evaluated. According to CKD etiology two patient groups were obtained: group of diabetics (GD) was formed by 11 patients and nondiabetics (GND) formed by 28 patients. Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness were evaluated by Sphygmocor device. Carotida intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) was evaluated by ultrasonography. Aerobic capacity was measured by estimated VO(2)max according to treadmill test by Bruce protocol. The GD showed a higher frequency of C-reactive protein above laboratory cutoff (P = 0.044), higher frequency of male gender, and a non significant higher value of VO(2)max (P = 0.099). The CA-IMT was similar. Only better aerobic capacity was associated with lower frequency of high C-reactive protein when adjusted to diabetes and gender in a logistic regression model. In conclusion, aerobic capacity was associated with inflammatory state, in CKD patients, independently of diabetes presence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Gobbis
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stringuetta Belik
authors.forename: Viviana Rugolo
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Oliveira E Silva
authors.forename: Luis Cuadrado
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: João Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hueb
authors.forename: Renato de Souza
authors.initials: Rde S
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Jacqueline Costa Teixeira
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Caramori
authors.forename: Pasqual
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barreti
authors.forename: Roberto Jorge da Silva
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014109:Total Lung Capacity; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein