title: Update on child and adolescent immunizations:  selected review of US recommendations and literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a clinically relevant synopsis of recent research findings as well as updated guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding child and adolescent immunizations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childhood vaccinations have served to dramatically reduce pediatric morbidity and mortality in the USA. Much of the recent research has focused on the improvement of current vaccines as well as on the development of new vaccines. By improving the safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccinations, children can be more fully protected. Additionally, recommendations have broadened as vaccinations have been proven well tolerated and effective for a growing number of subpopulations. Although more groups of children are now included in vaccination recommendations, efforts must continue to ensure that all eligible children receive their vaccinations. This article reviews selected recent publications on influenza, human papillomavirus, the childhood and adolescent/adult formulations of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, meningococcal conjugate and pneumococcal vaccines. The relationship between febrile seizures and childhood immunizations is explored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research on childhood and adolescent vaccinations is continuously growing and will serve to shape future recommendations. Through their findings, we can learn how to optimize the protection of all children and adolescents against these very serious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Capua
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bocchini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines