title: Development of both colorimetric and fluorescence heparinase activity assays using fondaparinux as substrate.
abstract: Because tumors and other diseases are characterized by increased heparanase levels, human heparanase is a promising drug target and diagnostic marker. Therefore, methods are needed to determine heparanase activity and to examine potential inhibitors. Because of substrate comparability, we used the bacterial enzyme heparinase II (heparinase) for the assay development. Usually the substrate of heparanase assays is heparan sulfate, which has several disadvantages. Because of that, we used fondaparinux, which is being cleaved by both heparanase and heparinase. Two concepts to detect its degradation were examined: measurement of anti-factor Xa activity of fondaparinux and its direct quantification with the fluorescent sensor polymer-H. Using fondaparinux as substrate, the anti-factor Xa assay was shsown to be appropriate to determine heparinase activity. The detection with polymer-H was easier and even faster to perform. Linearity was given with fondaparinux as well as heparan sulfate, and heparin as substrates, but fondaparinux turned out to be most suitable. By modifications (incubation time, fondaparinux concentration, and polymer-H concentration), the limit of quantification and the linear range can be adapted to the respective requirements. In conclusion, a simple, accurate, and robust heparinase assay was developed. It is suitable for heparinase quality control and testing heparinase inhibitors and could be adapted to heparanase.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiemann
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lühn
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alban
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D005417:Flavobacterium; D000077425:Fondaparinux; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D019763:Heparin Lyase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D000099175:Heparanase
chemical_list: D000077425:Fondaparinux; D005966:Glucuronidase; D006493:Heparin; D019763:Heparin Lyase; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000099175:Heparanase