title: [Effects of purine nucleotide on the expressions of FSH and LH and the ultrastructure of endocrine cells in the pituitary gland of heroin-addicted male rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of purine nucleotide on the expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotrophic hormone (LH) and the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of heroin-addicted and -withdrawal rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (ip saline for 14 d), a nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP for 10 d), a heroin group (ip heroin for 10 d), a heroin + nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP + heroin for 10 d), a 3 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 14 d), a 9 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 20 d), a 3 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 3 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 14 d), and a 9 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 9 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 20 d). Changes in the mRNA expressions of FSH and LH in the pituitary gland of the rats were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and alterations in the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells were observed under the microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of FSH mRNA was significantly increased in the nucleotide, heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.099 +/- 0.018, 0.177 +/- 0.046, 0.151 +/- 0.030 and 0.184 +/- 0.028) as compared with the control group (0.045 +/- 0.009) (P < 0.01); and so was that of LH mRNA in the heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.950 +/- 0.169, 0.990 +/- 0.171 and 0.960 +/- 0.147) in comparison with the control group (0.700 +/- 0.099) (P < 0.01). In the heroin group, the nuclei of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells exhibited morphological abnormality, unclear membrane, slightly pyknotic matrix, marginal and agglutinated heterochromatin, dilated rough endoplasmic reticula, swollen mitochondria, broken and vacuolated cristae in the cytoplasm, obviously decreased number of secretory granules, and myelin bodies in some cells. However, the heroin + nucleotide group showed no significant changes in the ultrastructures of somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term use of heroin does not obviously affect the expressions of FSH and LH mRNA in the pituitary gland of rats, while heroin + nucleotide, or nucleotide following heroin withdrawal can enhance their expressions significantly. Heroin damages the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of male rats, and purine nucleotide can diminish or inhibit this damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin 130021, China. cuijiayue@jlu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Jia-Yue
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xin-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Kai
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D003932:Heroin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011685:Purine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011685:Purine Nucleotides; D003932:Heroin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone