title: Efficient derivation of bovine embryonic stem cells needs more than active core pluripotency factors.
abstract: Pluripotency can be captured in vitro, providing that the culture environment meets the requirements that avoid differentiation while stimulating self-renewal. From studies in the mouse embryo, two kinds of pluripotent stem cells have been obtained from the early and late epiblast, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), representing the naive and primed states, respectively. All attempts to derive convincing ESCs in ungulates have been unsuccessful, although all attempts were based on the assumption that the conditions used to derive mouse ESCs or human ESC could be applied in other species. Pluripotent cells derived in primates, rabbit, and pig strongly indicate that the state of pluripotency of these cells is, in fact, closer to EpiSCs than to ESCs, and thus depend on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Activin signaling pathways. Based on this observation, we have tried to derive EpiSC from the epiblast of bovine elongated embryos as well as ESCs from Day-8 blastocysts. We here show that the core transcription factors Oct4/Sox2/Nanog can be used as markers of pluripotency in the bovine since their expression was restricted to the developing epiblast after Day 8, and disappeared following differentiation of both the ESC-like and EpiSC-like cultures. Although FGF and Activin pathways are indeed present and active in the bovine, it is not sufficient/enough to maintain a long-term pluripotency ex vivo, as was reported for mouse and pig EpiSCs.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maruotti
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Severine A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Degrelle
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Louet
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díez
authors.forename: Carmen Díez
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Monforte
authors.forename: Priscille Huot
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: de Longchamp
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brochard
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hue
authors.forename: José Nestor
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Caamaño
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jouneau
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005855:Germ Layers / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D028341:Activins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors