title: Mitochondrial compartmentalization of redox processes.
abstract: Knowledge of location and intracellular subcompartmentalization is essential for the understanding of redox processes, because oxidants, owing to their reactive nature, must be generated close to the molecules modified in both signaling and damaging processes. Here we discuss known redox characteristics of various mitochondrial microenvironments. Points covered are the locations of mitochondrial oxidant generation, characteristics of antioxidant systems in various mitochondrial compartments, and diffusion characteristics of oxidants in mitochondria. We also review techniques used to measure redox state in mitochondrial subcompartments, antioxidants targeted to mitochondrial subcompartments, and methodological concerns that must be addressed when using these tools.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chausse
authors.forename: Fernanda M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Luévano-Martínez
authors.forename: Thire B M
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Marazzi
authors.forename: Phillipe S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.forename: Bruno B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Queliconi
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kowaltowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species