title: Relationship between rhinitis and nocturnal cough in school children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a complex relationship between rhinitis, asthma, and nocturnal cough.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate whether rhinitis is an important risk factor for nocturnal cough and whether this effect is independent of asthma, we analyzed data collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire in a population-based nationwide survey. A child who had experienced a dry cough at night in the past 12 months in the absence of a cold was defined as having nocturnal cough.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After excluding 11,475 records with incomplete data, data from 136,506 children were analyzed. Nocturnal cough was significantly more prevalent in children with current rhinitis compared with children without rhinitis. The association between rhinitis and nocturnal cough was significant in children who had current asthma (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 2.26 [2.00-2.56] in children aged 6-7 yr, 1.90 [1.58-2.30] in those aged 13-14 yr, and 1.86 [1.60-2.19] in those aged 16-17 yr), and this association was even higher among children who had no asthma (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 3.65 [3.36-3.97] in children aged 6-7 yr, 3.05 [2.79-3.32] in those aged 13-14 yr, and 2.69 [2.51-2.88] in those aged 16-17 yr).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a close association between rhinitis and nocturnal cough in young children through adolescents, and this effect was independent of asthma. Upper airways should be examined in children with nocturnal cough.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itazawa
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Odajima
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akasawa
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires