title: Ultrafast shock compression and shock-induced decomposition of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene subjected to a subnanosecond-duration shock: an analysis of decomposition products.
abstract: Shock compression studies of pressed and confined ultrafine 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) powder were conducted using ultrashort ~300 ps, ~50 GPa shock waves. The recovered decomposition products were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. A substantial amount of shock-related chemistry was observed. Approximately 75% of the nitrogen atoms were liberated as gas-phase species, along with ~33% of the oxygen atoms, as a result of the applied shock. Furthermore, we observe C 1s binding energies suggesting the formation of sp(3) hybridized amorphous carbon. For comparison, a carbon nitride material was also prepared and characterized by thermally pyrolizing TATB. The shock-compressed TATB and the thermally pyrolized TATB are qualitatively different, suggesting that, carbon nitrides, a possible indicator of nitrogen-rich heterocycles precursors, are not a major product class for strongly overdriven shock conditions. These experimental conditions were, however, not detonation conditions, and the possible formation of nitrogen-rich heterocycles in actual detonations still exists.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboatory, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA. carter64@llnl.gov
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zaug
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: M Riad
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Manaa
mesh_terms: D007834:Lasers; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes; C011206:cyanogen; C512607:1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene