title: [Heparin-iron complex multilayer nanomodification improves hemocompatibility of decellular xenograft].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the hemocompatibility of decellular vascular matrix via heparin-iron complex multilayers (HICMs) nanomodification.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel thrombo-resistant surface for decellular xenograft was developed by alternating linkage of dihydroxy-iron and heparin to decellular bovine jugular vein (DC-BJV), and its surface characterization, biomechanical stability and hemocompatibility were detected by scanning electron microscopy, tensile test and hemocompatibility evaluation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A toluidine blue colorimetric method indicated the amount of linked heparin was about (808±86) μg/cm2 per assembly-cycle. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images proved that HICMs were uniformly linked to and formed nanoscale films around the fibrils of DC-BJV. Toluidine blue staining histologic images showed that HICMs were linked mainly to DC-BJV surfaces. Washing test showed that the release of heparin was (281±43), (422 ± 60), (729±81), (1053±116), (1317±157), (1618±187) and (1945 ± 268 ) μg/cm(2) at 1 day, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 week washing, respectively. Tensile tests showed an increased biomechanical stability. Hemocompatibility evaluations showed that PT and APTT of all the trial groups were above the normal reference ranges and that mean platelet count per 10000 μm2 area was 8±4 for HICMs layer-by-layer modified BJV (LBL-BJV) vs 48±16 for DC-BJV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HICMs are firmly linked to DC-BJV, and can form nanoscale thrombo-resistant films, which yield a sustained release of heparin. HICMs nanomodification improves the hemocompatibility of decellular xenograft.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Yunming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Tiehui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhongshi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yerong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002417:Cattle; D002474:Cell-Free System; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D007601:Jugular Veins; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D006493:Heparin; D007501:Iron