title: The role of dialectical self and bicultural identity integration in psychological adjustment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We applied the concept of naïve dialecticism (Peng & Nisbett, ), which characterizes East Asians' greater tendency to encompass contradictory, ever-changing, and interrelated features of an entity, to bicultural contexts and examined its effects on psychological well-being across various acculturating groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered questionnaire measures of the dialectical self, bicultural identity integration (BII; Benet-Martínez & Haritatos, 2005), and well-being to Hong Kong Chinese (N = 213) in Study 1 and Mainland Chinese (N = 239) in Study 2. In Study 3, a 4-week longitudinal study was conducted among Hong Kong Chinese (N = 173) to test the relationships of these variables over time. We then extended similar measures to new immigrants from Mainland China (N = 67) in Study 4 and Filipino domestic workers in Hong Kong (N = 153) in Study 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five studies converged to show that psychological adjustment was positively related to BII, but negatively related to the dialectical self. In Studies 1-3, dialecticism mediated the effect of BII on psychological adjustment among Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese bicultural individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings reveal the deleterious effects of tolerance for contradiction on well-being and differentiate biculturalism patterns of immigration-based and globalization-based acculturation.
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Polytechnic University, SAR, China. ssxhchen@polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Sylvia Xiaohua
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benet-Martínez
authors.forename: Wesley C H
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ben C P
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Michael Harris
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012649:Self Concept; D012933:Social Identification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult