title: Ultrasound pitfalls and artifacts related to six common fetal findings.
abstract: Routine use of ultrasound (US) in antenatal screening has increased over the past decade among both low- and high-risk pregnancies. Recognition of common US imaging pitfalls and artifacts associated with frequently encountered fetal anomalies on obstetric US is imperative to avoid misdiagnosis. The purpose of this article is to present practical tips on how to accurately diagnose 6 fetal anomalies including choroid plexus cyst, mild ventriculomegaly, echogenic intracardiac focus, prominent thymus, mild renal pelviectasis, and echogenic bowel. A suspected fetal anomaly should always be visualized in the correct plane and confirmed in at least one other plane. If the abnormal finding persists, performance of precise measurements in the relevant planes using appropriate gain settings, color Doppler imaging, and the application of specific criteria is necessary to achieve the correct diagnosis and to recommend appropriate patient referral.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. hanna.zafar@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Hanna M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ankola
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*