title: Bone loss in the HIV-infected patient: evidence, clinical implications, and treatment strategies.
abstract: Osteoporosis is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. The etiology of osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients is likely multifactorial, involving traditional risk factors such as low body weight, hypogonadism, and smoking, as well as direct effects of chronic HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that the increasing prevalence of osteoporosis in HIV-infected persons translates into a higher risk of fracture, likely leading to excess morbidity and mortality as the HIV-infected population ages. This review addresses the epidemiology of osteoporosis, discusses the causes of low bone mineral density in HIV-infected persons, including the impact of specific antiretroviral therapies, and offers recommendations on screening and treating vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,1830 EMonument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Walker Harris
authors.forename: Todd T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium