title: Depression and grief in Spanish family caregivers of people with traumatic brain injury: the roles of social support and coping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations between social support, coping responses and depressive and grief symptoms in caregivers of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of Spanish primary caregivers of individuals with TBI. The study included 223 caregivers (72.2% female and 26.9% male).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measures administered included the Family Needs Questionnaire, the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Responses to Stress Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A structural equation model indicated that secondary control coping (e.g. acceptance and positive thinking) was associated with less grief and depressive symptoms, whereas primary control coping (e.g. problem-solving and emotional expression) and disengagement were associated with more symptoms. Emotional and instrumental supports were directly associated with less depressive symptoms. In addition, emotional and professional supports were associated with symptoms through the use of primary control and disengagement coping.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that future interventions with families should improve social networks of emotional, instrumental and professional support, as well as help caregivers to develop adaptive coping strategies, such as acceptance and positive thinking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain. esther.calvete@deusto.es
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calvete
authors.forename: Elena López
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: de Arroyabe
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires