title: Management of morderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn syndrome by anastomosis of levator and frontal muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of clinical management of moderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn syndrome (MGS) by anastomosis of levator and frontal muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 13 patients with moderate-to-severe MGS who underwent surgeries in our institute between 2000 and 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. They underwent unilateral anastomosis of levator and frontal muscles under local anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 36 months, with an average of 12 months. All eyelids (100%) showed complete resolution of jaw-winking, ten eyelids (76.9%) had good correction of ptosis, with equal plapebral apertures and symmetrical contours, three (23.1%) showed residual mild ptosis (<2mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For moderate-to-severe MGS, unilateral anastomosis of levator and frontal muscles provides satisfied correction of jaw-winking and ptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Wei-Kun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu