title: Dynamic changes of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase of Kupffer cells in rat liver transplant rejection and tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the dynamic changes and the immunologic role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in Kupffer cells (KCs) after rat liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were randomly divided into two groups: a rejection group (REJ; LEW to BN) and a tolerance group (TOL; BN to LEW). Liver morphological changes were observed optically with hematoxylin/eosin staining. KCs were isolated from recipients. mRNA and protein expressions of IDO were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of IDO mRNA and protein in KCs of TOL groups were similar to those in REJ groups at day 1 posttransplantation. However, the expression of IDO mRNA and protein time-dependently increased to much higher levels in the TOL than the in REJ groups at 3, 5, and 7 days posttransplantation (P < .05). The peak was observed at 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IDO level of KCs was closely associated with immune tolerance induction. IDO-mediated immune modulation appears to be an attractive means to assess transplant tolerance induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P R China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D012333:RNA, Messenger