title: Active video game play in children with cerebral palsy: potential for physical activity promotion and rehabilitation therapies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of active video game (AVG) play for physical activity promotion and rehabilitation therapies in children with cerebral palsy (CP) through a quantitative exploration of energy expenditure, muscle activation, and quality of movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-group, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human movement laboratory in an urban rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (N=17; mean age ± SD, 9.43±1.51y) with CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants played 4 AVGs (bowling, tennis, boxing, and a dance game).
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy expenditure via a portable cardiopulmonary testing unit; upper limb muscle activations via single differential surface electrodes; upper limb kinematics via an optical motion capture system; and self-reported enjoyment via the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate levels of physical activity were achieved during the dance (metabolic equivalent for task [MET]=3.20±1.04) and boxing (MET=3.36±1.50) games. Muscle activations did not exceed maximum voluntary exertions and were greatest for the boxing AVG and for the wrist extensor bundle. Angular velocities and accelerations were significantly larger in the dominant arm than in the hemiplegic arm during bilateral play. A high level of enjoyment was reported on the PACES (4.5±0.3 out of 5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AVG play via a low-cost, commercially available system can offer an enjoyable opportunity for light to moderate physical activity in children with CP. While all games may encourage motor learning to some extent, AVGs can be strategically selected to address specific therapeutic goals (eg, targeted joints, bilateral limb use). Future research is needed to address the challenge of individual variability in movement patterns/play styles. Likewise, further study exploring home use of AVGs for physical activity promotion and rehabilitation therapies, and its functional outcomes, is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howcroft
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klejman
authors.forename: Darcy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fehlings
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zabjek
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andrysek
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biddiss
mesh_terms: D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018910:Video Games