title: Changes in patient and technique survival over time among incident peritoneal dialysis patients in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the last 15 years in Canada, there have been less stringent guidelines for peritoneal dialysis (PD) adequacy, availability of novel PD solutions, and lower PD-related peritonitis rates. Effects of these changes on outcomes of incident patients treated with PD during this period are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk of PD technique failure and mortality were compared among three incident cohorts of PD patients who initiated dialysis during the following periods: 1995-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2009. A multivariable model was used to evaluate time to PD technique failure using inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights accounting for changing survival and transplantation rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1995 and 2009,13,120 incident adult PD patients were identified from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Compared with the 1995-2000 cohort (n=5183), the risk of PD technique failure was lower among patients between 2001 and 2005 (n=4316) but similar among incident patients between 2006 and 2009 (n=3621). Cause-specific PD technique failure revealed no difference in PD peritonitis-related technique failure over time. PD technique failure due to inadequate PD was initially higher in the 2001-2005 cohort but lower in the 2006-2009 cohort compared with the 1995-2000 cohort. Relative to incident patients between 1995 and 2000, adjusted mortality was lower among incident patients between 2001 and 2005 and 2006 and 2009.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival on PD continues to improve with only modest changes in PD technique failure. Peritonitis remains an ongoing and modifiable source of PD technique failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. jeff.perl@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perl
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bargman
authors.forename: Yingbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: S Vanita
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Jassal
authors.forename: Arsh K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moist
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nessim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult