title: Protective role of nitric oxide induced by ischemic preconditioning on cold ischemic-reperfusion injury of rat liver graft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective role of nitric oxide (NO) induced by ischemic preconditioning (IP) on cold ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury of rat liver grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats used for orthotopic liver transplantation were randomly divided into four groups (n = 32): administering heparin before ischemic reperfusion (control group); IP with 10-minute ischemia and 10-minute reperfusion before IR (IP group); adenosine before IR (Ade group); and L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) + IP before IR (NAME group). Half of each group were used to investigate 1-week recipient survival rate, and another to obtain blood and hepatic tissue samples after 2-hour reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-week survival bile production, serum NO, and antioxidase activity were higher but serum alanine aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and superoxide levels in hepatic tissue were lower in the IP group and Ade group versus the control group or NAME group. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in the IP and Ade groups showed less injury than the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NO induced by IP can improve 1-week survival and rat liver function as well as protect liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D050377:Cold Ischemia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006493:Heparin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000241:Adenosine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester