title: Estimation of botulinum toxin type A efficacy on spasticity and functional outcome in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) - abobotulinumtoxinA on passive motion resistance (PMR) values of lower limbs affected muscles and on the functional motor status in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In Group I (28 lower limbs with spastic muscles), and in Group II (14 lower limbs with dynamic spastic equinus) BTA was administered. Physical therapy was prescribed for 16 weeks. We estimated PMR using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Achieved functional motor level was evaluated by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Parameters were assessed before treatment and after 3,8,16 weeks and 6 months respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group I, PMR was significantly lower for hip adductors and knee extensors over 3-16 weeks, and for ankle joint extensors in both groups. There were significant differences for both groups in frequencies of GMFCS values after 16 weeks from BTA application. There was a significant increase in GMFM scores after 8 and 16 weeks from BTA application in both groups of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTA treatment in CP children is followed by reduction in PMR values and improvement in functional motor status.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Clinical Centre of Nis, Nis, Serbia. ninacol40@ymail.com
authors.forename: Hristina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Colovic
authors.forename: Lidija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dimitrijevic
authors.forename: Ivona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stankovic
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radovic-Janosevic
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A