title: Adsorption of ochratoxin A and zearalenone by potential probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and its relation with cell wall thickness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine Saccharomyces cerevisae strains with previously reported beneficial properties and aflatoxin B₁ binding capacity, for their ability to remove ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) and to study the relation between cell wall thickness and detoxificant ability of yeast strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mycotoxin binding assay at different toxin concentrations and the effect of gastrointestinal conditions on mycotoxin binding were evaluated. Ultrastructural studies of yeast cells were carried out with transmission electronic microscopy. All tested strains were capable of removing OTA and ZEA. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC012 and RC016 showed the highest OTA removal percentage, whereas RC009 and RC012 strains showed the highest ZEA removal percentages. The cell diameter/cell wall thickness relation showed a correlation between cell wall amount and mycotoxin removal ability. After exposure to gastrointestinal conditions, a significant increase in mycotoxin binding was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All tested Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were able to remove OTA and ZEA, and physical adsorption would be the main mechanism involved in ochratoxin A and ZEA removal. Gastrointestinal conditions would enhance adsorption and not decrease mycotoxin-adsorbent interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Live strains with mycotoxin binding ability and beneficial properties are potential probiotics that could be included in animal feed. Previous and present results suggest that the RC008 and RC016 strains are very promising candidates for functional feed product development.
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET, Agencia Córdoba Ciencia-ACC, Argentina.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Armando
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Pizzolitto
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dogi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cristofolini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merkis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poloni
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dalcero
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Cavaglieri
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019936:Probiotics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D015025:Zearalenone; D016604:Aflatoxin B1