title: Temporomandibular disorder-type pain and migraine headache in women: a preliminary twin study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether shared genetic influences are responsible for the association between pain from temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and migraine headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from 1,236 monozygotic and 570 dizygotic female twin pairs from the University of Washington Twin Registry. TMD pain was assessed with a question about persistent or recurrent pain in the jaw, temple, in front of the ear, or in the ear. The presence of migraine headache was determined by self-report of doctor-diagnosed migraine. Univariate and bivariate structural equation models estimated the components of variance attributable to genetic and environmental influences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best fitting univariate models indicated that additive genetic effects contributed 27% of the variance in TMD pain (95% confidence interval = 15% to 38%) and 49% of the variance in migraine headache (95% confidence interval = 40% to 57%). The best-fitting bivariate model revealed that 12% of the genetic component of TMD pain is shared with migraine headache.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary findings suggest that the association between TMD pain and migraine headache in women may be partially due to a modest shared genetic risk for both conditions. Future studies can focus on replicating these findings with symptom- and diagnosis-based instruments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA. octavia.plesh@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Octavia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Plesh
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: Dedra S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Buchwald
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Niloo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Afari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult