title: A low tilt waveform in the transthoracic defibrillation of ventricular arrhythmias during cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most commercially available defibrillators utilise a high tilt waveform. Work in atrial fibrillation has shown improved defibrillation success using low tilt waveforms. We hypothesise that a novel low tilt biphasic waveform will be non-inferior to a standard tilt waveform whilst delivering lower energy for the defibrillation of ventricular arrhythmias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in cardiac arrest who experienced ventricular arrhythmias received shocks from a novel low tilt waveform defibrillator at 120J or a standard tilt waveform defibrillator at 150J. Resuscitation guidelines were followed as per Resuscitation Council UK, 2005. A shock was successful when the ventricular arrhythmia was terminated for ≥ 5s following shock delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 113 cardiac arrest cases were included. The low tilt device was used for 56 cases and the standard tilt device for 57 cases. The presenting rhythm was ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 71.7% (81/113), pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 15.9% (18/113), ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 9.7% (11/113), asystole in 1.8% (2/113) and narrow complex rhythm in 0.9% (1/113). The low tilt device resulted in first shock success in 86% (48/56 cases) vs. the standard tilt device first shock success of 77% (44/57 cases). There was no significant difference in first shock success between the two devices (p=0.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low tilt waveform used in this study demonstrated first shock success rates in keeping with a commercially available high tilt defibrillator which could result in less myocardial damage due to reduced energy requirements.
authors.affiliation: The Heart Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom. karendarragh@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Darragh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Maio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J Mc C
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: A A J
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adgey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*