title: Evaluation of efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A injection in patients requiring temporary tarsorrhaphy to improve corneal epithelial defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport, (Ipsen Biopharm Ltd, Wrexham, UK)) injection in patients requiring temporary tarsorrhaphy to improve corneal epithelial defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were enrolled into the prospective study between March 2007 and September 2009. Doses of 15 and 30U of Dysport were injected into the levator palpebrae superioris muscle through the eyelid. The patients were followed daily until completion of ptosis and then 1-2 weekly until complete resolution of levator function and improvement of corneal condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ptosis took 2.64±1.85 days to be completed (range 1-9 days) and lasted for 12±2.19 weeks. For patients with seventh nerve palsy, 30U Dysport was appropriate to produce sufficient ptosis whereas in other patients 15U of toxin was sufficient. In 83.3% of patients ptosis was sufficient for complete recovery of corneal epithelium and 16.7% required a second procedure (Amniotic membrane transplantation, conjunctival flap). There was a direct correlation between age and duration of ptosis. In patients with seventh nerve palsy, the amount of resultant ptosis was significantly lower than that of other patients. The only adverse effects of injection were superior rectus underaction (33.3%) and diplopia (16.7%) which resolved in all patients without any intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysport injection is a safe and effective substitute for surgical tasorrhaphy with fewer complications.
authors.affiliation: Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasaee
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Musavi
authors.forename: Syed Ziaeddin
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Tabatabaie
authors.forename: Mohammad Nasser
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hashemian
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohebbi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khodabandeh
authors.forename: Mohammad Taher
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rajabi