title: Functional state analysis of phagocytic cells of patients with type 2 diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The phagocytic function in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been explored mainly in macrophages but not in polymorphonuclears (PMN). The purpose of this study was to determine the functional status of PMN leukocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and in patients with both diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, prospective, and comparative study was carried out. 30 ambulatory patients with T2D, 10 with PTB undergoing treatment and 10 patients with PTB and T2D, and 44 healthy subjects were studied. PMN leukocytes were separated, the capacity of these cells to produce hydrogen peroxide and to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in response to stimulus with the phorbolic ester of myristic acid (PMA) was measured; and the capacity of PMN leukocytes to adhere to surfaces was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concerning the test for adherence, on comparing healthy subjects with patients with T2D+PTB, we observed a clear decrease in cellular adherence in the group of patients with both diseases; it was statistically significant (p = 0.007).With regard to phagocytic function, we observed that in NBT reduction as well as in hydrogen peroxide production, statistically significant differences were not obtained on comparing healthy subjects with any of the three groups of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a clear decrease in cellular adherence when both diseases co-exist. These results could indicate the need for the co-existence of T2D and TB to cause deterioration in the cells' adherence activity. The microtechniques employed permit the evaluation in a practical manner of certain phagocytic-activity expressions.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Mdica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza (CMNR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Melby
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Aguilar
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Elorriaga
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arce-Paredes
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Bonilla
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Rey-Pineda
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rojas-Espinosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000378:metabolism; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate