title: The usefulness of self-generation to improve learning and memory in Spanish-speaking individuals with traumatic brain injury from Colombia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of self-generation on learning and memory in Spanish-speaking individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Spanish-speaking individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI and 31 healthy controls were recruited to read 32 individual sentences and required to remember the last word in each sentence. Target words were presented both in a self-generated and provided condition for each participant. Recall and recognition of the words were examined immediately, after 30 minutes and after 1 week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that both healthy controls and individuals with TBI showed significantly better recall and recognition for words in the generated condition than words that had been provided to them at immediate, 30-minute and 1-week time intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The self-generation technique effectively improves learning and memory in Spanish-speaking individuals with TBI. Results should encourage researchers and clinicians to use the principles of cognitive psychology to adapt (as opposed to simply translate) cognitive rehabilitation protocols for use in Spanish-speaking populations with neurological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. jcarangolasp@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arango-Lasprilla
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Quijano
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aponte
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lequerica
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cuervo
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001245:Association Learning; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult