title: Bias caused by self-reporting distraction and its impact on crash estimates.
abstract: Over the last decade, driver distractions, such as cell phone use and texting, have become a significant contributor to roadway crashes. Some states now have legislation that severely restricts or bans driver activities deemed distracting. However, many policies and engineered countermeasures are based on self-reported crash data. This raises the issue of potential bias and when not controlled for in analysis supporting policy decisions, can lead to poor allocation of public resources. This study explores the impact of self-reporting driver distraction on the likelihood estimates of the injury severity category of vehicle crashes. Using a two-step correction technique, the presence of bias is tested, when present corrected, and its impact is interpreted. The findings show that self-reporting bias is present in the national database, a database often used to help evaluate policy and engineering options, self-reporting bias understates the true effect of driver distraction on injury severity, and it is not uniform across injury categories. As a result, the forecast of potential savings of countermeasure policies or in-vehicle devices will be distorted leading to inefficient allocation of public resources.
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Public Policy Center, 227 South Quadrangle, Iowa City, IA 52242-1192, United States. paul-hanley@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sikka
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D015982:Bias; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D057566:Self Report; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult