title: Urethral catheter-related urinary infection in critical patients admitted to the ICU. Descriptive data of the ENVIN-UCI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe trends in national catheter-related urinary tract infection (CRUTI) rates, as well as etiologies and multiresistance markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, prospective, multicenter voluntary participation study was conducted from 1 April to 30 June in the period between 2005 and 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive Care Units (ICUs) that participated in the ENVIN-ICU registry during the study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all patients admitted to the participating ICUs and patients with urinary catheter placement for more than 24 hours (78,863 patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient monitoring was continued until discharge from the ICU or up to 60 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  CRUTIs were defined according to the CDC system, and frequency is expressed as incidence density (ID) in relation to the number of urinary catheter-patients days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2329 patients (2.95%) developed one or more CRUTI. The ID decreased from 6.69 to 4.18 episodes per 1000 days of urinary catheter between 2005 and 2010 (p<0.001). In relation to the underlying etiology, gramnegative bacilli predominated (55.6 to 61.6%), followed by fungi (18.7 to 25.2%) and grampositive cocci (17.1 to 25.9%). In 2010, ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli strains (37.1%) increased, as well as imipenem-resistant (36.4%) and ciprofloxacin-resistant (37.1%) strains of P. aeruginosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A decrease was observed in CRUTI rates, maintaining the same etiological distribution and showing increased resistances in gramnegative pathogens, especially E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Falvarez@hospitaldelmar.cat
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Lerma
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gracia-Arnillas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palomar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olaechea
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Insausti
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: López-Pueyo
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Otal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seijas
mesh_terms: D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062885:Urinary Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*