title: Isoflurane-induced post-conditioning in senescent hearts is attenuated by failure to activate reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the cardioprotective effects of isoflurane administered at the onset of reperfusion in senescent rat in vivo, and the activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway to address a possible mechanism underlying age-related differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were assigned to age groups (young, 3-5 months; old, 20-24 months), and randomly selected to receive isoflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration) or not for 3 min before and 2 min after reperfusion (ISO postC). Rats were subjected to coronary occlusion for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Western blot analysis was used to assess the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), Akt, and GSK3β 15 min after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brief administration of isoflurane 3 min before and 2 min after the initiation of early reperfusion reduced infarct size (56 ± 8% of left ventricular area at risk, mean ± standard deviation) compared with controls (68 ± 4%) in young rats, but had no effect in old rats (56 ± 8% in ISO postC and 56 ± 10% in control, respectively). Phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, and GSK3β were increased in the young ISO postC group but not in the old ISO postC group compared with control groups of the respective ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that isoflurane post-conditions the heart in young but not in senescent rats. Failure to activate RISK pathway may contribute to attenuation of isoflurane-induced post-conditioning effect in senescent rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D007530:Isoflurane; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3