title: Prevalence of left-ventricular hypertrophy by multiple electrocardiographic criteria in general population:  Hermex study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the general population by means of multiple electrocardiographic criteria and those variables independently associated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random-sample cross-sectional study of the general population aged between 25 and 79 years, representative of a health area, was conducted. An electrocardiogram was recorded 'on line' in the Electropres project website; 17 LVH criteria together with two combined criteria were used. By multivariate analysis we examined those variables independently associated with the presence of electrocardiographic LVH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recruited 2564 individuals, mean age 50.9 [standard deviation (SD) 14.7] years, 45.7% men. The criteria more prevalent were: Dalfó 19.4%, RV6/V5 14.5%, Perugia 10.9%, any combination with at least three positive criteria (Combined 3) 9.4%, Romhilt 7.5%, Lewis 6.2% and the recommended criteria of the European Society of Hypertension 4%. The best prevalence ratio between hypertensive and normotensive individuals was achieved with Lewis, Dalfó and Perugia criteria. The least prevalence was Sokolow 0.7%. The variables that were independently associated with the presence of LVH by Combined 3 criterion were pulse pressure at least 50 [odds ratio (OR) 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-3.09], arterial hypertension (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.21-2.53) and smoking (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection ability of the electrocardiogram with regard to the LVH may improve with the use of other criteria than those currently recommended by the guidelines. The presence of LVH is positively associated with hypertension and elevated pulse pressure and negatively with a history of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Villanueva de Serena, Badajoz, Spain. felixredondofj@gmail.com
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Félix-Redondo
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernández-Bergés
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Consuegra-Sánchez
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Vivencio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barrios
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology