title: Comparison of sitting face-to-face intubation (two-person technique) with standard oral-tracheal intubation in novices: a mannequin study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have evaluated the impact of the upright position on the success of oral-tracheal intubation. Yet, for patients with airway difficulties (i.e, active intraoral bleeding or morbidly obese), the upright position may both benefit the patient and facilitate intubation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the success rates of subjects performing standard intubation to a modified version of the sitting face-to-face oral-tracheal intubation technique on a simulation model. We also reviewed the possible advantages and limitations of the sitting face-to-face intubation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer medical and paramedical students were given instruction, then tested, performing in random order both standard oral-tracheal and two-person sitting face-to-face oral-tracheal intubation on full-bodied mannequins. Observers reviewed video recordings, noting the number of successful intubations and the time to completion of each procedure at 15, 20, and 30 s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the sitting face-to-face intubations were successful, 53/53 (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 93-100%); whereas of the 53 subjects who performed standard intubation, 48 were successful (91%, 95% CI 80-96%). The difference between successful intubations using the standard vs. sitting face-to-face technique was 9% (95% CI 1.3-9.4%, p=0.025). At times 15 and 20 s, medical student subjects who successfully performed both techniques were less successful at completing the procedure when performing the standard technique as compared to the sitting face-to-face technique (p=0.016). A post-procedural survey found that the majority of subjects preferred the sitting technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects were significantly more successful at performing and preferred the sitting face-to-face intubation when compared to standard intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8350, USA.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venezia
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wackett
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Remedios
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tarsia
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management / Q000379:methods; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008348:Manikins; D056888:Patient Positioning