title: Gd3+ complex-modified NaLuF4-based upconversion nanophosphors for trimodality imaging of NIR-to-NIR upconversion luminescence, X-Ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance.
abstract: Multimodality molecular imaging has recently attracted much attention, because it can take advantage of individual imaging modalities by fusing together information from several molecular imaging techniques. Herein, we report a multifunctional lanthanide-based nanoparticle for near-infrared to near-infrared (NIR-to-NIR) upconversion luminescence (UCL), X-ray computed tomography (CT) and T(1)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) trimodality in-vivo imaging. By careful selection of the lanthanide elements, core-shell structured lanthanide-based nanoparticles, NaLuF(4):Yb(3+),Tm(3+)@SiO(2)-GdDTPA nanoparticles (UCNP@SiO(2)-GdDTPA) have been designed and synthesized. We also prove that the application of UCNP@SiO(2)-GdDTPA for NIR-to-NIR UCL, CT and MRI multi-modality in-vivo imaging can be established successfully. In addition, the biological toxicity of UCNP@SiO(2)-GdDTPA is evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and histological analysis of viscera sections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Ao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Fuyou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000737:chemistry*; D049449:Luminescence; D008187:Lutetium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013932:Thulium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D015018:Ytterbium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D008187:Lutetium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013932:Thulium; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D015018:Ytterbium