title: Frequency of multiple primary cancers in the lung and other organs in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether cancers frequently occur in hemodialysis patients, and therefore, investigated the features and outcomes of hemodialysis patients who had undergone surgery for non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2011, 14 hemodialysis patients with lung cancer (8 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 67.0 years successfully underwent pulmonary resection at our institution. We investigated the 5-year survival rate and causes of death. The occurrence of multiple primary cancers in our patients and other lung-cancer patients reported in the articles were statistically compared by Chi-square test. A p value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year survival rate was 47.3 %, and six patients had died before our investigation. Four of the six had died of non-cancerous diseases related to hemodialysis. Five of 14 patients had a history of other primary cancers in other organs, and this incidence rate of multiple primary cancers was significantly higher than in other lung-cancer patients (p = 0.0071).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of cancer in hemodialysis patients can be underestimated because of their early deaths by non-cancerous diseases. However, the incidence rate of multiple primary cancers may represent a unique characteristic of such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Tsubuku-hon-machi 422, Kurume, Japan. fukuoka_obuchi@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obuchi
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome