title: Neuronal and glial alterations in complex long-term rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore neuronal and glial alterations in eyes with complex long-term rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphological analysis was performed on eight retinal specimens derived from patients treated with peripheral retinectomy for RRD complicated by retinal shortening or retinal thinning. All eyes had undergone previous surgeries including silicone oil tamponade, and had a median total detachment time of 2.5 months (range 2-12). Specimens were examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry directed against activated Müller cells, ganglion cells, rod bipolar cells, and photoreceptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal specimens displayed severe loss of photoreceptor and rod bipolar cells. Remaining neuronal cells exhibited disorganized perikarya and neurites with disruption of the normal retinal lamination. Müller cell activation was evident in all specimens with subretinal and epiretinal hypertrophy present in tissue derived from shortened retinal detachments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term RRD leads to retinal remodeling characterized by loss of first and second order retinal neurons, disruption of the entire retinal lamination and gliosis. The severity of histopathological changes indicates that anatomical as well as functional recovery of the involved retina is precarious. The findings may be important when devising surgical strategies to avoid permanent retinal detachment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. fredrik.ghosh@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D058450:Endotamponade; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051603:Recoverin / Q000378:metabolism; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012827:Silicone Oils; D013552:Swine; D014821:Vitrectomy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C496731:RCVRN protein, human; D012827:Silicone Oils; C506808:neuronal nuclear antigen NeuN, human; D051603:Recoverin; D011493:Protein Kinase C