title: Adverse events are common on the intensive care unit: results from a structured record review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intensive care is advanced and highly technical, and it is essential that, despite this, patient care remains safe and of high quality. Adverse events (AEs) are supposed to be reported to internal quality control systems by health-care providers, but many are never reported. Patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) are at special risk for AEs. Our aim was to identify the incidence and characteristics of AEs in patients who died on the ICU during a 2-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured record review according to the Global Trigger Tool (GTT) was used to review charts from patients cared for at the ICU of a middle-sized Swedish hospital during 2007 and 2008 and who died during or immediately after ICU care. All identified AEs were scored according to severity and preventability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 128 records, and 41 different AEs were identified in 25 patients (19.5%). Health care-associated infections, hypoglycaemia, pressure sores and procedural complications were the most common harmful events. Twenty two (54%) of the AEs were classified as being avoidable. Two of the 41 AEs were reported as complications according to the Swedish Intensive Care Registry, and one AE had been reported in the internal AE-reporting system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost one fifth of the patients who died on the ICU were subjected to harmful events. GTT has the advantage of identifying more patient injuries caused by AEs than the traditional AE-reporting systems used on many ICUs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Research, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden. lena.nilsson@lio.se
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pihl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tågsjö
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ericsson
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D040261:Harm Reduction; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult