title: Lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp, apical papilla, and periodontal ligament.
abstract: Recently, a variety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, periodontal ligament stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingival, were isolated from orofacial and dental tissues. However, it is unknown whether these orofacial stem cells are derived from mesoderm or neural crest cell. In order to encourage orofacial MSC investigation, we provide detailed protocols for assessing lineage -differentiation of orofacial MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. kentaroa@usc.edu
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Chider
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gronthos
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000166:cytology*