title: Concordant signaling pathways produced by pesticide exposure in mice correspond to pathways identified in human Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the etiology of 90 percent of the patients is unknown. Pesticide exposure is a major risk factor for PD, and paraquat (PQ), pyridaben (PY) and maneb (MN) are amongst the most widely used pesticides. We studied mRNA expression using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in the ventral midbrain (VMB) and striatum (STR) of PQ, PY and paraquat+maneb (MNPQ) treated mice, followed by pathway analysis. We found concordance of signaling pathways between the three pesticide models in both the VMB and STR as well as concordance in these two brain areas. The concordant signaling pathways with relevance to PD pathogenesis were e.g. axonal guidance signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as pathways not previously linked to PD, e.g. basal cell carcinoma, human embryonic stem cell pluripotency and role of macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Human PD pathways previously identified by expression analysis, concordant with VMB pathways identified in our study were axonal guidance signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, IL-6 signaling, ephrin receptor signaling, TGF-β signaling, PPAR signaling and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Human PD pathways concordant with the STR pathways in our study were Wnt/β-catenin signaling, axonal guidance signaling and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (Ppard) and G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) were common genes in VMB and STR identified by network analysis. In conclusion, the pesticides PQ, PY and MNPQ elicit common signaling pathways in the VMB and STR in mice, which are concordant with known signaling pathways identified in human PD, suggesting that these pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. The analysis of these networks and pathways may therefore lead to improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, and potential novel therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gollamudi
authors.forename: Ashu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johri
authors.forename: Noel Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Calingasan
authors.forename: Lichuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elemento
authors.forename: M Flint
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Beal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008344:Maneb / Q000633:toxicity; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000633:toxicity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D011724:Pyridazines; D008344:Maneb; C428725:pyridaben; D010269:Paraquat