title: Pioneer marine biofilms on artificial surfaces including antifouling coatings immersed in two contrasting French Mediterranean coast sites.
abstract: Marine biofilm communities that developed on artificial substrata were investigated using molecular and microscopic approaches. Polystyrene, Teflon® and four antifouling (AF) paints were immersed for 2 weeks at two contrasting sites near Toulon on the French Mediterranean coast (Toulon military harbour and the natural protected area of Porquerolles Island). Biofilms comprising bacteria and diatoms were detected on all the coatings. The population structure as well as the densities of the microorganisms differed in terms of both sites and coatings. Lower fouling densities were observed at Porquerolles Island compared to Toulon harbour. All bacterial communities (analysed by PCR-DGGE) showed related structure, controlled both by the sites and the type of substrata. Pioneer microalgal communities were dominated by the same two diatom species, viz. Licmophora gracilis and Cylindrotheca closterium, at both sites, irrespective of the substrata involved. However, the density of diatoms followed the same trend at both sites with a significant effect of all the AF coatings compared to Teflon and polystyrene.
authors.affiliation: MAPIEM - EA 4223, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, La Valette-du-Var, France. briand@univ-tln.fr
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Ikram
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Djeridi
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jamet
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coupé
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bressy
authors.forename: Maëlle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molmeret
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Berre
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rimet
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouchez
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Blache
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D017377:Diatoms / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005602:France; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D010150:Paint / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene