title: β-Caryophyllene, a Compound Isolated from the Biblical Balm of Gilead (Commiphora gileadensis), Is a Selective Apoptosis Inducer for Tumor Cell Lines.
abstract: The biblical balm of Gilead (Commiphora gileadensis) was investigated in this study for anticancerous activity against tumor cell lines. The results obtained from ethanol-based extracts and from essential oils indicated that β-caryophyllene (trans-(1R,9S)-8-methylene-4,11,11-trimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene) is a key component in essential oils extracted from the balm of Gilead. β-Caryophyllene can be found in spice blends, citrus flavors, soaps, detergents, creams, and lotions, as well as in a variety of food and beverage products, and it is known for its anti-inflammatory, local anaesthetic, and antifungal properties. It is also a potent cytotoxic compound over a wide range of cell lines. In the current paper, we found that Commiphora gileadensis stem extracts and essential oil have an antiproliferative proapoptotic effect against tumor cells and not against normal cells. β-caryophyllene caused a potent induction of apoptosis accompanied by DNA ladder and caspase-3 catalytic activity in tumor cell lines. In summary, we showed that C. gileadensis stems contain an apoptosis inducer that acts, in a selective manner, against tumor cell lines and not against normal cells.
authors.affiliation: French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel.
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amiel
authors.forename: Rivka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ofir
authors.forename: Nativ
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dudai
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soloway
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rabinsky
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rachmilevitch