title: Trampoline fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis in children may not progress into valgus: a report of seven cases and a brief review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis in children is a rare injury but notorious for carrying the risk of subsequent valgus deformity of the tibia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Trampoline-caused fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis in children may not progress into valgus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed up six children who collectively sustained seven fractures of the proximal tibial metaphysis while trampolining with other heavier and/or older children. Initial and follow-up x-rays were reviewed by an orthopaedic surgeons and two radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the patients developed valgus deformity with follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trampoline is associated with a specific type of injury to the proximal tibia when children are trampolining with other heavier children even without falling off the trampoline. This fracture is linear and complete, often non-displaced. Unlike "other" proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures, trampoline-associated proximal tibial metaphysical fracture in children is not associated with a risk of subsequent valgus deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  case series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Health, James Paton Memorial Hospital, NL A1V 2K1, Gander, Canada. rkakel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kakel
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*