title: The glycosyltransferase repertoire of the spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii and a comparative study of its cell wall.
abstract: Spike mosses are among the most basal vascular plants, and one species, Selaginella moellendorffii, was recently selected for full genome sequencing by the Joint Genome Institute (JGI). Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are involved in many aspects of a plant life, including cell wall biosynthesis, protein glycosylation, primary and secondary metabolism. Here, we present a comparative study of the S. moellendorffii genome across 92 GT families and an additional family (DUF266) likely to include GTs. The study encompasses the moss Physcomitrella patens, a non-vascular land plant, while rice and Arabidopsis represent commelinid and non-commelinid seed plants. Analysis of the subset of GT-families particularly relevant to cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis was complemented by a detailed analysis of S. moellendorffii cell walls. The S. moellendorffii cell wall contains many of the same components as seed plant cell walls, but appears to differ somewhat in its detailed architecture. The S. moellendorffii genome encodes fewer GTs (287 GTs including DUF266s) than the reference genomes. In a few families, notably GT51 and GT78, S. moellendorffii GTs have no higher plant orthologs, but in most families S. moellendorffii GTs have clear orthologies with Arabidopsis and rice. A gene naming convention of GTs is proposed which takes orthologies and GT-family membership into account. The evolutionary significance of apparently modern and ancient traits in S. moellendorffii is discussed, as is its use as a reference organism for functional annotation of GTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, VKR Research Centre Pro-Active Plants, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harholt
authors.forename: Iben
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Jonatan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fangel
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: William G T
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Willats
authors.forename: Henrik Vibe
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Scheller
authors.forename: Bent Larsen
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Jo Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ulvskov
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D032503:Selaginellaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D011134:Polysaccharides; D016695:Glycosyltransferases