title: Mania with and without depression in a community sample of US adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited data on the manifestations of mania in general community samples of adolescents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present the prevalence and clinical correlates of mania with and without depressive episodes in a representative sample of US adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of adolescents using a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten thousand one hundred twentythree adolescents aged 13 to 18 years identified in household and school settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mania/hypomania with or without depression among those who met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I or II disorder or major depressive disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two and a half percent of youth met criteria for lifetime bipolar I or II disorder and 1.7%, for mania only. Twelve-month rates of mania with and without depression were 2.2% and 1.3%, respectively. There was a nearly 2-fold increase in rates of mania from ages 13-14 to 17-18 years. Mania with depression was associated with a greater number of all indictors of clinical severity including symptom number and severity, role disability, severe impairment, comorbidity, and treatment compared with depression alone, whereas correlates of mania were similar among those with mania with or without depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing prevalence of bipolar disorder with increasing age and the comparable rate of bipolar disorder with those of adult samples highlight adolescence as the peak period of onset of mania. The clinical significance of mania plus depression as demonstrated by a 1 in 5 suicide attempt rate and nearly 2 months per year of role impairment in adolescence has important implications for early intervention. The evidence for independence of mania from depression warrants additional scrutiny in the diagnostic nomenclature and etiologic dissection of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch Bldg 35, Room 1A201, 35 Convent Dr, MSC 3720, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. kathleen.merikangas@nih.gov
authors.forename: Kathleen Ries
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Merikangas
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kattan
authors.forename: Gabrielle A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Youngstrom
authors.forename: Jules
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014481:United States