title: African ancestry and lung function in Puerto Rican children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Puerto Rican and African American subjects share a significant proportion of African ancestry. Recent findings suggest that African ancestry influences lung function in African American adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine whether a greater proportion of African ancestry is associated with lower FEV(1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in Puerto Rican children independently of socioeconomic status, health care access, or key environmental/lifestyle factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional case-control study of 943 Puerto Rican children aged 6 to 14 years with (n= 520) and without (n= 423) asthma (defined as physician-diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the prior year) living in Hartford, Connecticut (n= 383), and San Juan, Puerto Rico (n= 560). We estimated the percentage of African racial ancestry in study participants using genome-wide genotypic data. We tested whether African ancestry is associated with FEV(1) and FVC using linear regression. Multivariate models were adjusted for indicators of socioeconomic status and health care and selected environmental/lifestyle exposures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for household income and other covariates, each 20% increment in African ancestry was significantly associated with lower prebronchodilator FEV(1) (-105 mL; 95% CI, -159 to -51 mL; P< .001) and FVC (-133 mL; 95% CI, -197 to -69 mL; P< .001) and postbronchodilator FEV(1) (-152 mL; 95% CI, -210 to -94 mL; P< .001) and FVC (-145 mL; 95% CI, -211 to -79 mL; P< .001) in children with asthma. Similar but weaker associations were found for prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator FEV(1) (change for each 20% increment in African ancestry, -78 mL; 95% CI, -131 to -25 mL; P= .004) and for postbronchodilator FVC among children without asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic factors, environmental/lifestyle factors, or both correlated with African ancestry might influence childhood lung function in Puerto Rican subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Acosta-Pérez
authors.forename: Lambertus
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klei
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roeder
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Barmada
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boutaoui
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forno
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sylvia
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Sherell
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thornton-Thompson
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Augusto A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Litonjua
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colón-Semidey
authors.forename: Glorisa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canino
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Celedón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044383:Black People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014797:Vital Capacity; D001741:Black or African American