title: Acoustic characteristics of snoring according to obstruction site determined by sleep videofluoroscopy.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Acoustic characteristics of snoring sound, such as pitch and formant, differed according to the site of upper airway obstruction determined by sleep videofluoroscopy (SVF). Snoring sound analysis can complement determination of the site of obstruction in snoring and sleep apnea patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of snoring according to obstruction site determined by SVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients who underwent simultaneous snoring sound recording during SVF were included in this study. Acoustic parameters of snoring such as pitch (min, mean, max) and formant (1,2) were analyzed. Site of obstruction was determined by SVF and classified according to anatomic structure and level of obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean value of peak frequency showed significant difference between soft palate and isolated tongue base or epiglottis obstruction and combined obstruction involving soft palate and tongue base or epiglottis. Peak frequency of velopharyngeal obstruction showed difference only with hypopharyngeal obstruction. First formant showed similar results in the structure classification whereas velopharyngeal obstruction showed significant difference compared with other levels of obstruction. Other parameters (intensity, jitter, shimmer) did not show significance according to site of obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Doo Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dong-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Whun
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chae-Seo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Chul Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012913:Snoring / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult