title: IL-8 as a urinary biomarker for the detection of bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current urine-based assays for bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis lack accuracy, so the search for improved biomarkers continues. Through genomic and proteomic profiling of urine, we have identified a panel of biomarkers associated with the presence of BCa. In this study, we evaluated the utility of three of these biomarkers, interleukin 8 (IL-8), Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and Syndecan in the diagnosis of BCa through urinalysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Voided urines from 127 subjects, cancer subjects (n = 64), non-cancer subjects (n = 63) were analyzed. The protein concentrations of IL-8, MMP-9, and Syndecan were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were also compared to a commercial ELISA-based BCa detection assay (BTA-Trak©) and urinary cytology. We used the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) to compare the performance of each biomarker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary protein concentrations of IL-8, MMP-9 and BTA were significantly elevated in BCa subjects. Of the experimental markers compared to BTA-Trak©, IL-8 was the most prominent marker (AUC; 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.86). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that only IL-8 (OR; 1.51; 95% CI, 1.16-1.97, p = 0.002) was an independent factor for the detection of BCa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the measurement of IL-8 in voided urinary samples may have utility for urine-based detection of BCa. These findings need to be confirmed in a larger, prospective cohort.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Urquidi
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jeongsoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodison
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rosser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053667:Syndecans / Q000652:urine*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; D053667:Syndecans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9