title: Bio-efficacy evaluation of nanoformulations of β-cyfluthrin against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).
abstract: In the present investigation, bioefficacy of developed β-cyfluthrin formulations, utilizing laboratory synthesized poly(ethylene glycols) based amphiphilic copolymers, were evaluated against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The bioefficacy data indicated that the formulations developed by utilizing polymers having PEG - 1500 (3c) and PEG - 2000 (3d) as the hydrophilic segment showed greater efficacy after 14 days as evident from EC(50) values (2.2 and 1.58 mg L(-1) respectively). Also, release from the commercial SC formulation was faster than developed formulations as the commercial formulation had the lowest EC(50) value on the first day (0.51 mg L(-1)). The mean EC(50) of the commercial formulation against C. maculatus was quite high as compared to those of developed formulations. The results suggest that depending upon the polymer matrix used, the application rate of β-cyfluthrin can be optimized to achieve insect control at the desired level and period. The results described in this paper are promising and provide a comparison of developed formulations with the commercial one showing an earlier degradation of β-cyfluthrin in the latter and relatively prolonged activity in the former.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kumelachew Mulu
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Loha
authors.forename: Najam A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shakil
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Manish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C052570:cyfluthrin