title: Synergistic associations of physical activity and diet quality on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
abstract: Healthy diet and physical activity are associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Little is known about whether they interact to improve CMR. The purpose of the present study was to determine the synergistic associations of diet quality and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) on CMR factors. The present study was an a posteriori analysis of two cross-sectional studies on 124 inactive non-diabetic postmenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m². The following factors were measured: diet quality (assessed by the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) from a 3 d food record); PAEE (doubly labelled water); body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scan); lipoprotein profile (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), non-HDL-C, total cholesterol:HDL-C, TAG, apoA1, apoB, apoA1:apoB and LDL-C:apoB); insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp); inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haptoglobin, orosomucoid, IL-6 and leucocyte count). The association of the interaction PAEE × C-HEI and CMR factors was evaluated by hierarchical regressions. Fat mass-adjusted ANCOVA determined the interaction between PAEE and the C-HEI. In hierarchical regressions, the interaction PAEE × C-HEI was a correlate of more favourable values of HDL-C, apoB, apoA1:apoB and LDL-C:apoB ratios, and hs-CRP, while only PAEE was a negative correlate of haptoglobin. Compared with those in the low-PAEE/low-C-HEI group, women in the high-PAEE/high-C-HEI group had 10 % higher HDL-C, 13 % lower apoB, 11 % larger LDL particles and 28 % lower hs-CRP concentrations (P< 0·05). PAEE and the C-HEI have a synergistic association with the CMR profile. These results support the integration of both diet quality and physical activity in the management of CMR.
authors.affiliation: Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1A8.
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1A8.
authors.forename: May
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faraj
authors.affiliation: Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1A8.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Strychar
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Doucet
authors.affiliation: Faculté d'éducation Physique et Sportive, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brochu
authors.affiliation: Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1A8.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabasa-Lhoret
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors