title: Reinforcing historic distinctions between mental and physical injury: the impact of the civil liability reforms.
abstract: Mental injury has been differentiated from physical injury since its entry into Australian tort law, with mental injury consistently subject to the most onerous regime. In 2002 in its Review of the Law of Negligence, the Ipp Panel supported the historic distinction between physical and mental injury and recommended further (restrictive) changes to the common law rules in relation to mental injury. This article considers and evaluates the reforms which were introduced into six Australian jurisdictions in relation to mental injury in the tort of negligence in response to the Ipp Panel's recommendations arguing that the rationale for differentiating pure mental injury from physical injury and consequential mental injury is nebulous. It argues that the reforms operate to reinforce and magnify historic distinctions between physical and mental harm despite increasing recognition in the medical literature of the interrelationship between physical and psychiatric injury; despite the recognition of the professional ability of psychiatrists and psychologists to accurately pinpoint and diagnose mental injury; despite extensive documentation of the far-reaching and devastating impact that psychiatric injury has on victims, families and the community; and despite evidence that early and adequate treatment of mental injury can prevent a raft of damaging and costly personal and societal consequences.
authors.affiliation: University of South Pacific. c.forster@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Jeni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D005555:Forensic Psychiatry; D006801:Humans; D016365:Liability, Legal; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*