title: The efficacy of a combined oral formulation of derquantel-abamectin against anthelmintic resistant gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep in the UK.
abstract: The objective of the present studies was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined formulation (Startect(®) Dual Active Oral Solution for Sheep, Pfizer Animal Health) of derquantel (DQL) and abamectin (ABA) for the treatment of: (1) sheep experimentally infected with a moxidectin (MOX)-resistant isolate of Teladorsagia circumcincta, and (2) multi-drug resistant gastrointestinal nematode parasites under UK field conditions. In the first study, a total of 40 animals were allocated into 4 treatment groups, and were either left untreated or treated with DQL+ABA, MOX or ABA. Faecal samples were collected on days 1-5 and on day 7 after treatment to examine the reduction in faecal egg excretion and to evaluate the egg viability. On day 14 post treatment all animals were euthanised for abomasal worm counts. There was a 100% reduction in geometric mean worm counts for the DQL+ABA treated animals compared to the untreated control animals (P<0.0001), whereas the percentage reduction in worm counts for the MOX- (P>0.05) and ABA-treated (P=0.0004) animals was 12.4% and 71.8%, respectively. The data from the egg hatch assay (EHA) indicated that in the MOX-treated and the ABA-treated animals, the majority of the eggs hatched after treatment. In the field study, performed on four farms, animals were allocated into 6 groups of 11-15 animals each in order to conduct a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), based on arithmetic mean egg counts. One group of animals remained untreated, whereas the other animals were treated with DQL+ABA, MOX, fenbendazole (FBZ), levamisole (LV) or ivermectin (IVM). On each of the farms the reduction in egg excretion after treatment with FBZ, LV or IVM was below 95.0%, indicating anthelmintic resistance. The efficacy of DQL+ABA ranged from 99.1 to 100%, yielding significantly lower egg counts compared to the untreated control group (P ≤ 0.003). For MOX the egg counts were significantly (P ≤ 0.003) lower compared to the untreated group at each farm, with reductions varying from 98.2 to 100%. The post-treatment copro-cultures for larva identification indicated that T. circumcincta was the most abundant worm species after treatment (52-99% of the larvae). The results of these studies confirm the high efficacy of the DQL+ABA combination formulation against anthelmintic resistant nematodes in the UK.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Animal Health, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Hoge Wei 10, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium. thomas.geurden@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geurden
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Noé
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Winstanley
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bartley
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeder
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010082:Oxepins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007211:Indoles; D010082:Oxepins; C575297:derquantel; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin