title: The myxovirus-resistance protein, MX1, is a component of exosomes secreted by uterine epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dairy cattle suffer from high percentages of early embryonic loss, and therefore, it is critical to study the function of the uterus at this time. We hypothesize that the antiviral protein, myxovirus resistance (MX)1, regulates secretion in uterine glandular cells during early pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uterine epithelial cells were used to study uterine function, in vitro. Sucrose gradients, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy were used to isolate and identify exosomes. Immunofluorescence and ceramide inhibitors were used for the characterization of exosomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myxovirus resistance1 was associated with exosomes and protected from proteases, indicating it was inside exosomes. MX1 partially colocalized with exosomal protein CD63, and a ceramide inhibitor reduced numbers of MX1-associated exosomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to characterize MX1-associated exosomes, and we postulate that MX1 regulates secretion in epithelial cells by playing a role in exosome formation or trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Racicot
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Troy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D012756:Sheep; D014599:Uterus / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins