title: Genetic investigation within Lactococcus garvieae revealed two genomic lineages.
abstract: The diversity of a collection of 49 Lactococcus garvieae strains, including isolates of dairy, fish, meat, vegetable and cereal origin, was explored using a molecular polyphasic approach comprising PCR-ribotyping, REP and RAPD-PCR analyses and a multilocus restriction typing (MLRT) carried out on six partial genes (atpA, tuf, dltA, als, gapC, and galP). This approach allowed high-resolution cluster analysis in which two major groups were distinguishable: one group included dairy isolates, the other group meat isolates. Unexpectedly, of the 12 strains coming from fish, four grouped with dairy isolates, whereas the others with meat isolates. Likewise, strains isolated from vegetables allocated between the two main groups. These findings revealed high variability within the species at both gene and genome levels. The observed genetic heterogeneity among L. garvieae strains was not entirely coherent with the ecological niche of origin of the strains, but rather supports the idea of an early separation of L. garvieae population into two independent genomic lineages.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Sezione di Microbiologia Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borgo
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rollando
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fortina
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058889:Molecular Typing
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins