title: Effect of stimulation intensity on assessment of voluntary activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The interpolated twitch technique is often used to assess voluntary activation (VA) of skeletal muscles. We investigated VA and the voluntary torque-superimposed torque relationship using either supramaximal nerve stimulation or better tolerated submaximal muscle stimulation, which is often used with patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen healthy subjects performed maximal and submaximal isometric knee extensions with superimposed maximal or submaximal doublets (100 Hz).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Superimposed torque relative to potentiated resting doublets was smaller with maximal nerve than with submaximal muscle stimulation. Maximal VA was 87 ± 7% and 93 ± 5% for submaximal muscle and maximal nerve stimulation, respectively. The individual voluntary torque-superimposed torque relationships were more linear for submaximal muscle stimulation, possibly leading to less overestimation of VA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Submaximal muscle stimulation can be used to estimate VA in the knee extensors. It is less painful, and overestimation of VA may be less compared with maximal nerve stimulation.
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.m.van.leeuwen@vu.nl
authors.forename: Daniël M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Cornelis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: De Ruiter
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Haan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque