title: The role of paliperidone extended release for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, episodic mental illness associated with other psychiatric comorbidities. There is a substantial economic burden with BD, which makes it challenging to treat. The aim of this review is to evaluate the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety data related to paliperidone extended release (ER) for the treatment of BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed from January 1966 through January 2012 using PreMEDLINE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, IPA, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify articles in English regarding the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of paliperidone ER in acute mania or mixed episodes or in the maintenance treatment of BD I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are currently three published studies relating to the use of paliperidone ER for the treatment of BD. Two of these evaluated paliperidone ER as monotherapy for acute mania, while the other assessed its role as adjunct with a mood stabilizer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the limited available evidence, paliperidone at higher doses of ER 9-12 mg/day may be a safe and efficacious treatment option for acute episodes of mania in BD. A once-daily dose formulation may improve patient adherence to treatment; however, the cost of paliperidone ER, which is higher than that of generically available second-generation antipsychotics (such as olanzapine and risperidone), and a lack of alternative dosage forms (ie, liquid, intramuscular) compared with other agents may limit its usefulness in the treatment of BD. The role of paliperidone ER as an adjunctive agent or for long-term use requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL.
authors.forename: Jehan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harrington