title: Antifibrotic effect of aloe vera in viral infection-induced hepatic periportal fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic effects of aloe vera in patients with liver fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aloe vera high molecular weight fractions (AHM) were processed by patented hyper-dry system in combination of freeze-dry technique with microwave and far infrared-ray radiation. Fifteen healthy volunteers as the control group and 40 patients were included. The patients were randomly subdivided into two equal groups: the conventional group was treated with placebo (starch), and AHM group was treated with 0.15 gm/d AHM, both for 12 consecutive weeks. The patients were investigated before and after treatment. Serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hyaluronic acid (HA), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were determined. The reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver were assayed and the expression of hepatic α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was identified by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the start of the study, the hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fibro-proliferated bile ductules, thick fibrous septa and dense inflammatory cellular infiltration in the patients before treatment. The use of AHM for 12 wk significantly ameliorated the fibrosis, inhibited the inflammation, and resulted in minimal infiltration and minimal fibrosis compared to the conventional group. The enzyme activities of the liver (ALT, AST and ALP) were attenuated after treatment in both groups, and the decrease in the AHM group was more significant as compared with the conventional group. Similar to the AST, the MDA levels were significantly higher before treatment, and were attenuated after treatment in both groups. In contrast, the hepatic glutathione content in the patients were decreased significantly in the AHM group compared to the controls. The serum levels of the fibrosis markers (HA, TGF-β and MMP-2) were also reduced significantly after treatment. The expression of α-SMA was modified in patients before and after treatment as compared with the normal controls. In the conventional group, there was only thin and incomplete parenchymal α-SMA positive septum joining the thickened centrilobular veins, while in the AHM group, few α-SMA positive cells were present in sinusoid and lobule after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral supplementation with AHM could be helpful in alleviating the fibrosis and inflammation of hepatic fibrosis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 8130, Egypt. s_hgz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sahar K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hegazy
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Bedewy
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagi
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000504:Aloe; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione