title: Autonomic response during bladder hydrodistention in patients with bladder pain syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined whether patients with bladder pain syndrome who have typical interstitial cystitis endoscopic findings, including glomerulations and/or Hunner ulcer, have a distinct autonomic response during bladder hydrodistention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included in the study were 50 consecutive patients (40 females and 10 males) who met International Society for the Study of BPS recommendations. All patients underwent the same clinical evaluation, consisting of medical history, physical examination, urine and blood tests, urine cytology and culture, urinary tract ultrasound and urodynamics. Bladder hydrodistention and biopsies were performed using general anesthesia. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded after the induction of general anesthesia and at the end of the filling phase. Patients were divided into 2 groups, including patients with and without typical endoscopic findings, respectively. Clinical, histological and urodynamic variables, and autonomic parameters were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in demographics, symptoms, pain severity, comorbidities, previous surgery, urodynamic variables, anesthetic bladder capacity or histological findings were found between the 2 groups. In patients with endoscopic findings average ± SD systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by 25 ± 19 and 21 ± 12 mm Hg, respectively, and average heart rate increased by 12 ± 11 beats per minute. All hemodynamic changes were statistically significant (p <0.001). In patients without endoscopic findings a minor decrease in hemodynamic parameters was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with bladder pain syndrome who have typical interstitial cystitis findings on endoscopy show a marked autonomic response during bladder hydrodistention, consisting of an increase in heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. stavkobi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kobi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stav
authors.forename: Erez
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Zacci
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fanus
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leibovici
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics