title: The importance of carotid artery stiffness and increased intima-media thickness in obese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerosis that starts in childhood invariably advances during adulthood. Aim. We aimed to study the effect of obesity on main carotid artery intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 78 children were studied from October 2010 to February 2011. They were divided into obese (42 - group 1) and normal (36 - group 2). All the children were subjected to physical examination, routine biochemical and haematological analysis, carotid ultrasonography and echocardiographic measurements. A detailed medical history was obtained. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing participants' weight in kilograms by the square of their height in metres. Stiffness index β was calculated using blood pressure and diameter of the systolic and diastolic artery. Intima-media thickness was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the obese and normal (control) groups were 10.12±2.12 years and 9.78±1.78 years respectively. Weight, BMI, and systolic and and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly higher in the obese group (all p<0.001). In terms of arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements, all parameters were higher in the obese group than the control (p<0.001). There was a relationship between the degree of obesity and CIMT or stiffness index β. In addition, dilatation and hypertrophy levels in the left ventricle were higher in obese children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children with risk factors for multiple atherosclerosis could have increased CIMT dimensions and consequently should be screened for these risks. Ultrasonographic CIMT and arterial stiffness measurements can detect vascular damage at an early stage of development in children with cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zonguldak Karaelmas University School of Medicine, Zonguldak. mozcetin@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozcetin
authors.forename: Z Ruken Yuksekkaya
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Celikyay
authors.forename: Atac
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Resul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yerli
authors.forename: Unal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Erkorkmaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013019:South Africa; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance