title: Exercise participation barrier prevalence and association with exercise participation status in individuals with spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Pass-code protected web survey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Defining exercise participation barrier prevalence and association with exercise participation status in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  World-wide web.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals ≥18 years with ShCI in the United States completed a pass-code protected website survey (N=180). Odds ratios (OR) and OR 95% confidence interval (95% CI) assessed association between barrier presence and exercise participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences existed between exercisers and non-exercisers with respect to age, gender, injury level, injury duration, education level, or employment status. A larger percentage of non-exercisers reported household annual incomes <$7,500. The five most prevalent barriers were not associated with participation status (all OR 95% CI included 1). Low prevalence (≤13%) characterized four of the five barriers most strongly related to being a non-exerciser. Identifying too lazy, too difficult, or no interest as a barrier decreased odds of being an exerciser by 86%, 83%, and 71%, respectively. Not liking exercise decreased the odds of being an exerciser by 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly prevalent barriers were not associated with exercise participation status, whereas low prevalence barriers were strongly related to being a non-exerciser. Internal barriers had the strongest association with exercise participation status. The possible association between socioeconomic factors and exercise participation may be underappreciated. The most effective interventions to increase exercise participation may be multifocal approaches to enhance internal perceptions about and motivation to exercise, increase knowledge of how and where to exercise, while also reducing program and transportation financial costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001107:Architectural Accessibility; D001290:Attitude; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018579:Patient Selection; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology