title: Neuroprotective effects of dehydroglyasperin C through activation of heme oxygenase-1 in mouse hippocampal cells.
abstract: Licorice, the root of the Glycyrrhiza species ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis  Fisher), is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor properties. The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of dehydroglyasperin C (DGC) against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. DGC significantly reduced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by glutamate in HT22 cells, whereas DGC did not restore glutathione depletion caused by glutamate. In addition, it was further investigated whether DGC affected the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, one of the major cellular antioxidant defense systems, and it was found that DGC dose-dependently increased HO-1 expression. DGC-mediated cytoprotection of HT22 neuronal cells from glutamate insult was abrogated by either HO-1 inhibitor (Tin protoporphyrin, SnPP) or AKT inhibitor (LY294002). In conclusion, the present results demonstrate for the first time that DGC protects neuronal cells against glutamate-induced oxidative injury through the induction of HO-1 expression, which is, in turn, activated maybe through Nrf2-Keap1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences (BK21 program) and Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: In Sil
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jong-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006035:Glycyrrhiza / Q000737:chemistry; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C548688:dehydroglyasperin C; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1