title: Effect of expansion chamber geometry on atomization and spray dispersion characters of a flashing mixture containing inerts. Part II: High speed imaging measurements.
abstract: A breath activated, pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) device (Oxette(®)) has been developed to replace the traditional cigarette. In this paper, internal and external spray characters are measured by high speed imaging along with sizing the residual droplets at the distance from the discharge orifice where the human oropharynx locates. Two different formulations with 95% and 98% mass fraction of HFA 134a and two prototype cigarette alternatives with different expansion chamber volumes have been analyzed. The internal and external flows issuing from early stage prototype Oxette(®) are discussed along with boiling and evaporation phenomena. The expansion and entrainment regions of the jet are observed and discussed with comparison to the turbulent round jet of a single phase. From the visualizations of internal flows in the earlier design, a small expansion chamber can hardly generate small bubbles, which is difficult to produce fine sprays. The larger the expansion chamber volume, the more room for the propellant evaporation, recirculation, bubble generation and growth, all of which produces finer sprays. Therefore the later prototype of Oxette(®) 2 made a significant improvement to produce fine sprays and facilitated development of the cigarette alternative. Furthermore, the characters of the spray generated by Oxette(®) are compared to that issuing from a pMDI by previous researchers, where the residual MMD is larger than that of a pMDI, because the Oxette(®) has a smaller expansion chamber and the geometry provides less opportunity for the recirculation due to restrictions of the design space. Although the formulation with higher mass fraction of HFA 134a can generate smaller droplets, it cannot produce steady puffs with relatively low mass flow rate.
authors.affiliation: Energy Technology Group, School of Engineering Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
authors.forename: Dehao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shrimpton
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bowdrey
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hearn
mesh_terms: D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000336:Aerosols; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000737:chemistry*; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D010316:Particle Size; D010781:Photography; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000336:Aerosols; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C094049:apaflurane; D005466:Fluorocarbons