title: Saccade movements effect on the intravitreal drug delivery in vitreous substitutes: a numerical study.
abstract: In this study, the distributions of intravitreal injected drugs in post-vitrectomy human eyes, which are subjected to periodic saccade movements, are investigated. The computational model for the vitreous cavity of human eye is a sphere with one side truncated by the eye lens. A dynamic mesh technique was used to model the eye motion and the unsteady 3-D forms of continuity; Navier-Stokes and concentration transport of drug equations were solved numerically. The numerical model was validated earlier for the vitreous liquid flow field. The predicted drug concentration for idealized geometry was compared with the available analytic solution and excellent agreement was observed. The validated computer model was then used to simulate a real vitreous cavity filled with Balanced Salt Solution or aqueous humor as a vitreous substitute in order to obtain distribution of drugs in the post-vitrectomy eyes or liquefied vitreous. Additionally, effects of locations of drug injection, drug diffusion coefficients and saccade amplitude on the drug distribution and its uniformity were investigated. Although the earlier findings in the literature reported a day or a week as a needed time for drug uniform distribution in the vitreous substitutes, the present work depicts that saccade movements augment the transport of the drug in a way that the uniformity of the drug distribution can be achieved in a matter of minutes. Furthermore, in a vitreous cavity subjected to the saccade movements, the diffusion coefficient of drugs does not significantly affect their distribution after a few minutes. Even the injection location does not matter as uniform distribution is achieved after some time.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modareszadeh
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abouali
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaffarieh
authors.forename: Goodarz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008954:Models, Biological; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations