title: No evidence that estrogens affect the development of the immune system in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta.
abstract: Exposure to maternally derived substances during development can affect offspring phenotype. In ovo exposure to maternally derived steroids has been shown to influence traits such as growth and behavior in the offspring. The development of the immune system also can be altered by exposure to both androgens and glucocorticoids in a variety of species, but much less is known about the potential for estrogens to influence the development of this system. We examined the effect of estradiol on the development of both innate and adaptive immune components in the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). A bacterial killing assay was used to assess innate immunity, a delayed-type hypersensitivity test for cellular immunity, and total immunoglobulin levels to measure the humoral immune response. We found no effect of in ovo estradiol treatment on any of our immune measures despite using doses that are known to influence other phenotypic parameters during development and varying the timing of dosing across development. Our results suggest that maternally derived estradiol does not affect the development of the immune system in T. scripta.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA. lmzimme@ilstu.edu
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Paitz
authors.forename: Sandrine G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Clairardin
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bowden
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D014426:Turtles / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004958:Estradiol