title: Total antioxidant status correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent depressive disorder.
abstract: Depressive disorder is a multifactorial diseases, that one of the typical feature are cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and to define relationship between plasma levels of TAS and the cognitive performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  the study comprised 74 subjects: patients with rDD (n = 45) and healthy subjects (n = 29). Cognitive function assessment was based on: Trail Making Test, The Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test and Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of depression symptoms, measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) on therapy onset versus the examination results after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). The level of TAS was substantially higher in patients with rDD (p = 0.01). For rDD patients, elevated TAS levels were associated with worse cognitive test performance. The higher was the concentration of plasma TAS, the greater was the severity of depressive symptoms measured by HDRS before and after pharmacotherapy. (1) Higher concentration of plasma TAS in rDD patients is associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. (2) Elevated levels of plasma TAS are related to impairment of short-term declarative memory, long-term declarative-memory, verbal fluency and working memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland. talarowskamonika@wp.pl
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talarowska
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gałecki
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobińska
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057567:Memory, Long-Term; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014706:Verbal Learning
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants