title: Extracellular production of silver nanoparticles by using three common species of dermatophytes: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis.
abstract: To develop a new green approach for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, myconanotechnology has been represented as a novel field of study in nanotechnology. In this study, we have reported the extracellular synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles using three species of dermatophytes: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis.
  
  
  
  Clinical strains of these species were grown in a liquid medium containing mineral salt and incubated at 25°C for 5-7 days. The cell-free filtrate of each culture was obtained and subjected to synthesize silver nanoparticles in the presence of 1 mM AgNO3.
  
  
  
  The reduction of Ag+ ions in metal nanoparticles was investigated virtually by tracing the solution color which was switched into reddish-light brown after 72 h. For T. mentagrophytes, a UV-visible spectra demonstrating a strong, quite narrow peak located between 422 and 425 nm was obtained. For M. canis, a fairly wide peak centering at 441 nm and for T. rubrum, a weak spectrum to decipher were observed. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, fairly uniform, spherical, and small in size with almost less than 50 nm particles were forms in case of T. mentagrophytes. For the other two species, TEM images showed existence of small spherical nanosilvers but not as small as nanoparticles synthesized by T. mentagrophytes.
  
  
  
  We observed that species belong to a single genus of the fungi have variable ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles extracellulary with different efficiency. Furthermore, the extracellular synthesis may make the process simpler and easier for following processes.
authors.affiliation: Div. of Molecular Biology, Dep. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moazeni
authors.affiliation: Div. of Molecular Biology, Dep. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Niloofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rashidi
authors.affiliation: Dep. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Medical Nanotechnology 
  Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shahverdi
authors.affiliation: Dep. Of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noorbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Div. of Molecular Biology, Dep. of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sassan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezaie
mesh_terms: D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D008864:Microsporum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012834:Silver / Q000378:metabolism; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver