title: The paediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (pCAM-ICU): translation and cognitive debriefing for the German-speaking area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date there are only a few studies published, dealing with delirium in critically ill patients. The problem with these studies is that prevalence rates of delirium could only be estimated because of the lack of validated delirium assessment tools for the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The paediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (pCAM-ICU) was specifically developed and validated for the detection of delirium in PICU patients. The purpose of this study was the translation of the English pCAM-ICU into German according to international validated guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The translation process was performed according to the principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient reported outcomes measures: From three independently created German forward-translation versions one preliminary German version was developed, which was then retranslated to English by a certified, state-approved translator. The back-translated version was submitted to the original author for evaluation. The German translation was evaluated by clinicians and specialists anonymously (German grades) in regards to language and content of the translation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the cognitive debriefing revealed good to very good results. After that the translation process was successfully completed and the final version of the German pCAM-ICU was adopted by the expert committee.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The German version of the pCAM-ICU is a result of a translation process in accordance with internationally acknowledged guidelines. Particularly, with respect to the excellent results of the cognitive debriefing, we could finalise the translation and cultural adaptation process for the German pCAM-ICU.
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Grahl
authors.forename: Alawi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luetz
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gratopp
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gensel
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E Wesley
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krude
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spies
mesh_terms: D032882:Comprehension; D003221:Confusion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007802:Language; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating