title: Reactive oxygen species and inhibitors of inflammatory enzymes, NADPH oxidase, and iNOS in experimental models of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are emerging as important players in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Out of several ROS-generating systems, the inflammatory enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were believed to play major roles. Mounting evidence suggests that activation of NADPH oxidase and the expression of iNOS are directly linked to the generation of highly reactive ROS which affects various cellular components and preferentially damage midbrain dopaminergic neurons in PD. Therefore, appropriate management or inhibition of ROS generated by these enzymes may represent a therapeutic target to reduce neuronal degeneration seen in PD. Here, we have summarized recently developed agents and patents claimed as inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and iNOS enzymes in experimental models of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sushruta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koppula
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: In Su
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Kug
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000378:metabolism; D008956:Models, Chemical; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019255:NADPH Oxidases