title: Handwriting in children with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with ADHD-combined type (ADHD-CT) display fine and gross motor problems, often expressed as handwriting difficulties. This study aimed to kinematically characterize the handwriting of children with ADHD using a cursive letter l's task.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 28 boys (7-12 years), 14 ADHD-CT and 14 typically developing (TD), without developmental coordination disorder (DCD) or comorbid autism, wrote a series of four cursive letter l's using a graphics tablet and stylus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with ADHD-CT had more inconsistent writing size than did TD controls. In addition, ADHD-CT symptom severity, specifically inattention, predicted poorer handwriting outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a sample of children with ADHD-CT who do not have DCD or autism, subtle handwriting differences were evident. It was concluded that handwriting might be impaired in children with ADHD in a manner dependent on symptom severity. This may reflect reports of underlying motor impairment in ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Langmaid
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Beth P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Victoria, Australia nicole.rinehart@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rinehart
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001321:Autistic Disorder; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*