title: Hemodynamic and hormonal stress responses to endotracheal tube and ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway™ for laparoscopic gastric banding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The stress responses from tracheal intubation are potentially dangerous in patients with higher cardiovascular risk, such as obese patients. The primary outcome objective of this study was to test whether, in comparison with the endotracheal tube (ETT), the Proseal™ Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA™) (Laryngeal Mask Airway Company, Jersey, United Kingdom) reduces blood pressure and norepinephrine responses and the amounts of muscle relaxants needed in obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed hemodynamic and hormonal stress responses, ventilation, and postoperative recovery in 75 morbidly obese patients randomized to receive standardized anesthesia with either an ETT or the PLMA™ for laparoscopic gastric banding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In repeated-measures ANOVA, mean arterial blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine were significantly higher in the ETT group than in the PLMA™ group. In individual pairwise comparisons, blood pressure rose higher in ETT than PLMA™ patients after insertion and removal of airway devices, and after recovery. In ETT compared with PLMA™ patients, plasma norepinephrine was higher after induction of carboperitoneum (mean ± SD, 534 ± 198 and 368 ± 147 and pg/ml, P = 0.001), after airway device removal (578 ± 285 and 329 ± 128 pg/ml, P < 0.0001), and after recovery in postanesthesia care unit (380 ± 167 and 262 ± 95 and pg/ml, P = 0.003). Compared with use of the ETT, the PLMA™ reduced cisatracurium requirement, oxygen desaturation, and time to discharge from both the postanesthesia care unit and the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLMA™ reduces stress responses and postoperative complaints after laparoscopic gastric banding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carron
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gomiero
authors.forename: Mirto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foletto
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nitti
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ori
authors.forename: Ulderico
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Freo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D001279:Atracurium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D001279:Atracurium; C101584:cisatracurium; D009638:Norepinephrine