title: Antiretroviral medication errors remain high but are quickly corrected among hospitalized HIV-infected adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication errors can lead to drug resistance, treatment failure, and death. Prior research suggests that ART medication errors are on the rise in US hospitals. This analysis provides a current estimate of inpatient antiretroviral prescribing errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medication orders during the first 48 hours of hospitalization for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1 January and 31 December 2009. Errors were classified as (1) incomplete regimen, (2) incorrect dosage, (3) incorrect schedule, and (4) nonrecommended drug-drug combinations. Multivariable regression was used to identify factors associated with errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 702 admissions occurred in 2009. Of these, 380 had ART medications prescribed on the first day and 308 on the second day of hospitalization. A total of 145 ART medication errors in 110 admissions were identified on the first day (29%), and 22 errors were identified in 21 admissions on the second day (7%). The most common errors were incomplete regimen and incorrect dosage or schedule. Protease inhibitors accounted for the majority of dosing and scheduling errors (71%-73%). Compared with patients admitted to the HIV/AIDS service, those admitted to surgical services were at increased risk of errors (adjusted odds ratio, 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-8.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ART medication errors are common among hospitalized HIV-infected patients on the first day of admission, but most are corrected within 48 hours. Interventions are needed to safeguard patients and prevent serious complications of ART medication errors especially during the first 24 hours of hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, USA. byehia@upenn.edu
authors.forename: Baligh R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Yehia
authors.forename: Jimish M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciuffetelli
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Metlay
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gebo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents