title: Tacrolimus-induced rosacea-like dermatitis: a clinical analysis of 16 cases associated with tacrolimus ointment application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, reports have indicated that the continuous use of topical calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus may induce rosacea-like dermatitis (RD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess clinical features of RD associated with tacrolimus, 44 cases of patients diagnosed with RD between 2005 and 2010 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 22 cases were caused by topical steroid use, 8 by topical tacrolimus use, and 8 by consecutive treatment with topical steroids and tacrolimus. Clinical presentation was basically similar among the 3 groups, although the nose was less frequently affected and pustules were rarely observed in the latter 2 sets of cases. Demodex mites were often found in smears of skin lesions from patients with RD caused by steroids and tacrolimus. Treatment with topical metronidazole was effective in most RD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical tacrolimus is becoming an important cause of RD along with topical steroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan. teraki @ saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teraki
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hitomi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izaki
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000209:etiology*; D009824:Ointments / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012393:Rosacea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009824:Ointments; D013256:Steroids; D016559:Tacrolimus