title: Dynamic hysteresis between gradient echo and spin echo attenuations in dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging.
abstract: Perfusion measurements using dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging provide additional information about the mean vessel size of microvasculature when supplemented with a dual gradient echo (GE) - spin echo (SE) contrast. Dynamic increase in the corresponding transverse relaxation rate constant changes, ΔR2GE and ΔR2SE , forms a loop on the (Δ R2SE3/2, ΔR2GE ) plane, rather than a reversible line. The shape of the loop and the direction of its passage differentiate between healthy brain and pathological tissue, such as tumour and ischemic tissue. By considering a tree model of microvasculature, the direction of the loop is found to be influenced mainly by the relative arterial and venous blood volume, as well as the tracer bolus dispersion. A parameter Λ is proposed to characterize the direction and shape of the loop, which might be considered as a novel imaging marker for describing the pathology of cerebrovascular network.
authors.affiliation: Academic Neuroradiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. chaoxu@cbs.mpg.de
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Valerij G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Kiselev
authors.forename: Harald E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Jochen B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fiebach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013113:Spin Labels; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013113:Spin Labels; C090600:gadobutrol