title: Inflammatory markers and bariatric surgery: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a state of chronic low grade inflammation with increased levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. The changes of some of the above markers after bariatric surgery are not consistent across studies. The objective of this study is to confirm the changes in blood levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNFα after bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Pubmed and EMBASE search was performed for studies measuring the above cytokines in blood before and after bariatric surgery. A meta-analysis was performed for the changes in CRP, TNFα and IL-6 for the maximum follow-up time in each study as well as for discrete follow-up times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only observational studies could be retrieved. Bariatric surgery produces about 66 and 27 % reduction in CRP and IL-6 levels, respectively. The change in TNFα after bariatric surgery did not approach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bariatric surgery decreases the low grade inflammation associated with obesity as measured by CRP and IL-6 levels. The change of TNFα after bariatric surgery should be further investigated with randomized trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ragha1234@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S Raghavendra
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein