title: Formulation and in vitro characterization of domperidone loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Domperidone (DOM) is a dopamine- receptor (D(2)) antagonist, widely used in the treatment of motion-sickness. The pharmacokinetic parameters of DOM make it a suitable candidate for development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipide Carrier (NLC). The purpose of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate DOM loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (DOM-SLN) and DOM loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DOM-NLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  DOM loaded SLN and NLC were prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique, using trimyristin as solid lipid, cetyl recinoleate as liquid lipid and a mixture of soy phosphatidylcholine (99%) and tween 80 as surfactant. SLN and NLC were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The effects of composition of lipid materials and surfactant mixture on the particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release behavior were investigated. DSC analysis was performed to characterize the state of drug and lipid modification. Shape and surface morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SLN and NLC formulations were subjected to stability study over a period of 40 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean particle size, PDI, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of optimized SLN (SLN1) and NLC were found to be 30.45 nm, 0.156, 12.40 mV, 87.84% and 32.23 nm, 0.160, 10.47 mV, 90.49% respectively. DSC studies revealed that DOM was in an amorphous state and triglycerides were in the β prime form in SLN and NLC. Shape and surface morphology was determined by TEM revealed fairly spherical shape of nanoparticles. In vitro release studies demonstrated that both the SLN and NLC formulations possessed a controlled release over a period of 24 hrs. SLN and NLC formulations were subjected to stability over a period of 40 days. There was no significant (P<0.05) change in particle size, zeta potential, PDI and entrapment efficiency indicating the developed SLN and NLC were fairly stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fairly spherical shaped, stable and controlled release DOM-SLN and DOM-NLC could be prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique.
authors.affiliation: National Facilities in Engineering and Technology with Industrial Collaboration (NAFETIC) Centre, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rp
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thatipamula
authors.forename: Cr
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palem
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gannu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mudragada
authors.forename: Mr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamsani