title: Candidate biomarkers for acute rejection of pregnancy after in-utero cell-based therapy in pre-immune embryos via ultrasound-guided celocentesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A maternal serum biomarker profile analysis was performed to determine potential indicators of acute rejection of pregnancy following in-utero cell-based treatments in pre-immune embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an established non-human primate model for in-utero stem cell therapy at 38-42 days from fertilization. The maternal serum concentrations of nine candidate biomarkers for acute rejection of pregnancy were determined before and after the injection of different cocktails of human umbilical cord blood stem cells into the gestational sac. All animals were then followed until delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four hours after celocentesis, two of the animals aborted. These two animals received a cocktail of haemopoietic stem cells with the highest concentration of human CD3(+)  cells and showed a twofold increase in maternal serum IL-6 and a threefold increase in prolactin after the procedure. The remaining six animals delivered at term live and normal newborns and only demonstrated an increase in prolactin after the celocentesis procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 and prolactin are master immunoregulators with pleiotropic biological functions that have different maternal serum concentrations depending on pregnancy outcome. These findings suggest that increases in maternal serum prolactin and IL-6 concentration may be associated with acute rejection of pregnancy after in-utero stem cell therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. santoljo@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Jacobo L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santolaya
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jasani
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Leon-Luis
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santolaya-Forgas
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D010215:Papio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011388:Prolactin