title: Health-related characteristics and dietary intakes of male veterans and non-veterans in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (United States).
abstract: BACKGROUND: Nationwide surveys in the United States found that certain health-related factors, in particular cigarette smoking and obesity, were more prevalent in veterans than in non-veterans.  PURPOSE: The objective of this paper was to compare health-related characteristics and dietary intakes between veterans and non-veterans in the Multiethnic Cohort.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort participants (aged 45-75 years), residing in Hawaii and California at baseline, completed a mailed questionnaire on diet, medical history, and lifestyle in 1993-1996. The current analyses included 20,939 men (14,975 veterans and 5,964 non-veterans) who returned a survey questionnaire on military service in 2007.  RESULTS: Compared to non-veterans, veterans were more likely to be overweight and obese (BMI≥25, 61% vs. 55%), former smokers (54% vs. 47%), heavier consumers of red and processed meat, and lighter consumers of fruits and vegetables. Within the veteran group, enlisted men were more likely to be obese, to have a history of smoking, to consume more processed meat and to consume smaller amounts of dairy products and fruits than officers.  CONCLUSION: The findings imply that veterans as a group are at somewhat higher risk of developing lifestyle-related chronic diseases than are non-veterans. Comparisons of actual differences in disease incidence and mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort between veterans and non-veterans will require several more years of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Song-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kangmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel