title: Soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in a porcine model of arteriovenous graft stenosis and anti-inflammatory effects of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor.
abstract: Synthetic arteriovenous (AV) grafts, placed between an artery and vein, are used for hemodialysis but often fail due to stenosis, typically at the vein-graft anastomosis. This study recorded T lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation at the vein-graft anastomosis, suggesting a role for inflammation in stenosis development. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), products of cytochrome P-450 epoxidation of arachidonic acid, have vasculoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects including inhibition of platelet activation, cell migration, and adhesion. EETs are hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to less active diols. The effects of a specific inhibitor of sEH (sEHI) on cytokine release from human monocytes and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦ) from wild-type (WT) and sEH knockout (KO) animals were investigated. Expression of sEH protein increased over time at the anastomosis as evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Pre-exposure of adherent human monocytes to sEHI (5 μM) significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α and enhanced the EET-to-diol ratio. Release of MCP-1 from WT BMMΦ was significantly inhibited but release from sEH KO BMMΦ was not attenuated indicating the specificity of the sEHI. In contrast, sEHI did not inhibit the release of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 or interleukin-6. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as assessed by immunocytochemical staining, was not decreased with sEHI in monocytes, but the phosphorylation of JNK was completely abrogated, suggesting this pathway is the target of sEHI effects in monocytes. These results suggest that sEHI may be useful for inhibition of inflammation and subsequently stenosis in AV grafts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morisseau
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hammock
authors.forename: Alfred K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Christi M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Terry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C572961:4-(4-(3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)ureido)cyclohexyloxy)benzoic acid; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001565:Benzoates; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D015777:Eicosanoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases