title: The effects of intrathecal morphine on patient-controlled analgesia, morphine consumption, postoperative pain and satisfaction scores in patients undergoing gynaecological oncological surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gynaecological oncological surgery (GOS) includes a wide variety of surgical procedures and postoperative pain is a major concern. This study compared the impact of intrathecal morphine (ITM) plus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with PCA alone on morphine consumption,  pain relief and patient satisfaction after GOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty women undergoing GOS under general anaesthesia were randomized to receive either 0.3 mg ITM or placebo. On arrival at the postanaesthesia care unit each patient received a morphine PCA pump. The three primary outcome measures were  pain, patient satisfaction scores evaluated using a 100-mm visual analogue scale and cumulative PCA morphine consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed in the demographic data. Cumulative PCA morphine consumption was significantly lower in the ITM group compared with the  control group. Fatigue scores were lower in the ITM group compared with the control group but did not reach statistical significance. Pain, sedation and patient satisfaction scores, and the rate of side-effects were similar for the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administering ITM in GOS could improve  postoperative analgesia and reduce morphine consumption without serious side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Selcuklu Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, 42075 Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey. drincikara@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oc
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: N U
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Dogan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000601:surgery*; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine