title: Proton pump inhibitors and diarrhoea related to Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalised patients: a case-control study.
abstract: The incidence and disease severity of Clostridium difficile infection are rising. There is increasing evidence of a potential association between proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) and C. difficile infection. We performed a case-control study to examine the relationship between PPI and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-proven C. difficile infection in 137 hospitalised patients in a tertiary hospital in Western Australia. Only antibiotic exposure within 3 months prior to onset of diarrhoea was associated with PCR-proven C. difficile infection (odds ratio 5.97, 95% confidence interval 2.40-14.8, P= 0.001). A restricted analysis on those who had exposure to antibiotics within 3 months before the onset of diarrhoea did not change the negative association between PPI exposure and PCR-proven C. difficile infection. Long-term PPI usage and intensity of PPI exposure prior to onset of diarrhoea were not significantly associated with C. difficile infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. antonleonard@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flexman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors