title: Fortified malted milk drinks containing low-dose ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol do not differ in their capacity to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy men and women not exposed to UV-B.
abstract: Uncertainty remains regarding the efficacy of low intakes of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2 or D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 or D3) provided in food to increase serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-D) metabolite concentrations when UV-B exposure is low. We recruited 40 healthy men and women into a double-blind, parallel design, randomized controlled trial. Participants received placebo or 1 of 4 experimental treatments (D2 or D3 at 5 or 10 μg/d) supplied as a malted milk drink for 4 wk during a period of minimal UV-B exposure in the UK. The primary outcome was a change in serum 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 concentrations measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem MS. The secondary outcomes were changes in concentrations of plasma parathyroid hormone and serum calcium (Ca(2+)). Baseline concentrations (geometric mean ± SD) of 25-OH-D2, 25-OH-D3, and total 25-OH-D were 3 ± 4, 32 ± 22, and 37 ± 22 nmol/L, respectively. Both D2- and D3-fortified drinks resulted in dose-dependent increases (P < 0.001) in their respective 25-OH metabolites that did not significantly differ in size. Increments from baseline compared with the placebo group following 5 and 10 μg/d of D2 were (mean ± SEM) 9.4 ± 2.5 and 17.8 ± 2.4 nmol/L for 25-OH-D2 and following 5 and 10 μg/d of D3 were 15.1 ± 4.7 and 22.9 ± 4.6 nmol/L for 25-OH-D3, respectively. There was no difference between D2 and D3 groups in the incremental AUC of their respective metabolites. These findings suggest that D2 and D3 are equipotent in increasing 25-OH-D in healthy men and women with negligible UV-B exposure.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College, Waterloo Campus, London, UK. catherine.fisk@kcl.ac
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fisk
authors.forename: Hannah E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Theobald
authors.forename: Thomas A B
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008892:Milk; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D006113:United Kingdom; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002112:Calcifediol; D002118:Calcium