title: High refractive index polysiloxane as injectable, in situ curable accommodating intraocular lens.
abstract: Functionalised siloxane macromonomers, with properties designed for application as an injectable, in situ curable accommodating intraocular lens (A-IOL), were prepared via re-equilibration of a phenyl group-containing polysiloxane of very high molecular weight with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) and 2,4,6,8-tetra(n-propyl-3-methacrylate)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane (D₄(AM)) in toluene using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as a catalyst. Hexaethyldisiloxane was used as an end group to control the molecular weight of the polymer. The generated polymers had a consistency suitable for injection into the empty lens capsule. The polymers contained a low ratio of polymerisable groups so that, in the presence of a photo-initiator, they could be cured on demand in situ within 5 min under irradiation of blue light to form an intraocular lens within the lens capsule. All resulting polysiloxane soft gels had a low elastic modulus and thus should be able to restore accommodation. The pre-cure viscosity and post-cure modulus of the generated polysiloxanes were controlled by the end group and D₄(AM) concentrations respectively in the re-equilibration reactions. The refractive index could be precisely controlled by adjusting the aromatic ratio in the polymer to suit such application as an artificial lens. Lens stretching experiments with both human and non-human primate cadaver lenses of different ages refilled with polysiloxane polymers provided a significant increase in amplitude of accommodation (up to 4 D more than that of the respective natural lens). Both in vitro cytotoxicity study using L929 cell lines and in vivo biocompatibility study in rabbit models demonstrated the non-cytotoxicity and ocular biocompatibility of the polymer.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering, CSIRO, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. xiaojuan.hao@csiro.au
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Justine L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: Tam P T
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nankivil
authors.forename: Esdras
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arrieta
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parel
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D011817:Rabbits; D012031:Refractometry; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D012833:Siloxanes