title: The development of the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Online gaming has become increasingly popular. However, this has led to concerns that these games might induce serious problems and/or lead to dependence for a minority of players.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to uncover and operationalize the components of problematic online gaming.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3415 gamers (90% males; mean age 21 years), were recruited through online gaming websites. A combined method of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied. Latent profile analysis was applied to identify persons at-risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EFA revealed a six-factor structure in the background of problematic online gaming that was also confirmed by a CFA. For the assessment of the identified six dimensions--preoccupation, overuse, immersion, social isolation, interpersonal conflicts, and withdrawal--the 18-item Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ) proved to be exceedingly suitable. Based on the latent profile analysis, 3.4% of the gamer population was considered to be at high risk, while another 15.2% was moderately problematic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The POGQ seems to be an adequate measurement tool for the differentiated assessment of gaming related problems on six subscales.
authors.affiliation: Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary. demetrovics@t-online.hu
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demetrovics
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urbán
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagygyörgy
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Orsolya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pápay
authors.forename: Gyöngyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kökönyei
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Felvinczi
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oláh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology*