title: Anxiety, depression and psychosocial stress in patients with cardiac events.
abstract: Stress tends to worsen the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between stress related psychosocial factors like anxiety, depression and life events and temporally cardiac events specified as acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina 65 subjects with confirmed myocardial infarction or unstable angina were interviewed using 2 sets of questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Life Changes Stress Test, a segment of the Rahe's Stress and Coping Inventory first at time of occurrence of their cardiac event and the second time was 6 months later. Anxiety, depression and life events scores were calculated for both and recurrence of cardiac event for the 6 month duration was also recorded. Patients who had significant levels of depression and or life events were ten times more likely to have recurrence of cardiac events as compared to those without risk for either of these psychological symptoms. Anxiety, depression and stress levels are significantly increased after the onset of ischemic heart disease and could be contributing or predisposing factors for the recurrence of cardiac events for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
authors.forename: Anne John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Saroja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnaswamy
authors.forename: Tamil Selvan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Muthusamy
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: Jamaludin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mohamed