title: Simultaneous analysis of multiple cytokines in the vitreous of patients with sarcoid uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Levels of some cytokines are significantly higher in the vitreous fluid of patients with acute uveitis than in normal vitreous fluid. The authors sought to determine which proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated in the vitreous fluid of patients with ocular sarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of vitreous fluid were collected from patients with sarcoid uveitis and from nonsarcoid control patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane. The levels of 27 proinflammatory cytokines were measured with a multiplex beads array system. Postvitrectomy macular thickness was also measured by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). To assess the relationship between cytokine levels and disease stage, the authors divided patients into three groups based on macular thickness 1 month after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vitreous levels of 17 cytokines were significantly higher in patients with ocular sarcoidosis than in nonsarcoid controls. Serum levels of interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) were also higher in ocular sarcoidosis patients than in nonsarcoid controls. Conversely, serum levels of interleukin (IL) 15 in ocular sarcoidosis patients were lower than in the control group. Analysis of cytokine levels and macular thickness revealed that IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-γ, IP-10, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were significantly upregulated in patients with thin cystoid macular edema group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ocular sarcoidosis had elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in vitreous fluids. Different cytokines might contribute to different stages of macular edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamuro
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Takeru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Koh-Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000276:immunology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014605:Uveitis / Q000276:immunology*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016207:Cytokines; D019409:Interleukin-15