title: Use of large-volume cone-beam computed tomography in identification and localization of horizontal root fracture in the presence and absence of intracanal metallic post.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study was to evaluate the ability of large-volume cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to detect horizontal root fracture and to test the influence of a metallic post.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through the examination of 40 teeth by large-volume CBCT (20-cm height and 15-cm diameter cylinder) at 0.2-mm voxel resolution, 2 observers analyzed the samples for the presence and localization of horizontal root fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values of accuracy in the groups that had no metallic post ranged from 33%-68%, whereas for the samples with the metallic post, values showed a wide variation (38%-83%). Intraobserver agreement showed no statistically significant difference between the groups with/without metallic post; both ranged from very weak to weak (kappa, 0.09-0.369).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low accuracy and low intraobserver and interobserver agreement reflect the difficulty in performing an adequate diagnosis of horizontal root fractures through a large-volume CBCT by using a small voxel reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Cidade Universitária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. felipecosta@usp.br
authors.forename: Felipe Ferreira
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Bruno Felipe
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Gaia
authors.forename: Otavio Shoiti
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Umetsubo
authors.forename: Lucas Rodrigues
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Isabel Peixoto
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Tortamano
authors.forename: Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D002102:Cadaver; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011176:Post and Core Technique; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D008670:Metals