title: The effect of an enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) combined with bone ceramic on bone formation in mandibular defects: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in the canine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combination of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and an osteoconductive bone ceramic (BC) in improving bone regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cylindrical cavities (6 × 6 mm) were prepared bilaterally in the mandible in three dogs. The defects were randomly assigned to four different treatments-filled with EMD/BC and covered with a nonresorbable membrane, filled with EMD/BC without membrane, membrane coverage only, or control (left untreated)-and healed for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Harvested specimens were prepared for histologic, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sites treated with EMD/BC with or without membrane showed more total bone formation and lamellar bone formation than membrane-only and control defects. There were no statistically significant differences in total bone formation between EMD/BC with or without membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMD with BC might improve bone formation in osseous defects more than membrane coverage alone; the use of a membrane had no significant additive effect on total bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry and Torabinejad Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birang
authors.forename: Mohammad Shah
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abouei
authors.forename: Sayed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: Peyaman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zia
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soolari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D002516:Ceramics; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004285:Dogs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; C109069:enamel matrix proteins