title: Assessment of fetal myocardial deformation using speckle tracking techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the current status of speckle tracking techniques in evaluation of fetal myocardial deformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A variety of non-Doppler ultrasound methods are available using offline analysis of standard four-chamber and short axis views of the heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most reports have used techniques developed for the measurement of strain and strain rate in the adult heart and produced conflicting descriptions of gestational changes in strain. Myocardial velocities usually reflect mean modal velocities and are lower than the peak velocities obtained using Doppler techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the fetus, most current methods of acquisition result in frame rates that are too low, and the fetal heart size is too small to achieve reliable measures of fetal myocardial deformation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Germanakis
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gardiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording