title: Plasma and muscle myostatin in relation to type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myostatin is a secreted growth factor expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, which negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass. Recent animal studies suggest a role for myostatin in insulin resistance. We evaluated the possible metabolic role of myostatin in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  76 patients with type 2 diabetes and 92 control subjects were included in the study. They were matched for age, gender and BMI. Plasma samples and biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained to assess plasma myostatin and expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher fasting glucose (8.9 versus 5.1 mmol/L, P<0.001), plasma insulin (68.2 versus 47.2 pmol/L, P<0.002) and HOMA2-IR (1.6 versus 0.9, P<0.0001) when compared to controls. Patients with type 2 diabetes had 1.4 (P<0.01) higher levels of muscle myostatin mRNA content than the control subjects. Plasma myostatin concentrations did not differ between patients with type 2 diabetes and controls. In healthy controls, muscle myostatin mRNA correlated with HOMA2-IR (r = 0.30, P<0.01), plasma IL-6 (r = 0.34, P<0.05) and VO2 max (r = -0.26, P<0.05), however, no correlations were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the idea that myostatin may have a negative effect on metabolism. However, the metabolic effect of myostatin appears to be overruled by other factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. cbrandt@inflammation-metabolism.dk
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Anders R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Bente K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Plomgaard
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D055435:Myostatin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C525911:MSTN protein, human; D055435:Myostatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger