title: Laparoscopic nephrectomy: looking back, moving forward.
abstract: This manuscript reviews the history of laparoscopic nephrectomy and addresses the future trends of this minimally invasive operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gorbatiy
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leveillee
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000639:trends*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D012371:Robotics / Q000639:trends*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery