title: Red cell distribution width improves the simplified acute physiology score for risk prediction in unselected critically ill patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of erythrocyte size variability, has been shown to be a prognostic marker in critical illness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adding RDW has the potential to improve the prognostic performance of the simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) to predict short- and long-term mortality in an independent, large, and unselected population of intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational cohort study includes 17,922 ICU patients with available RDW measurements from different types of ICUs. We modeled the association between RDW and mortality by using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for demographic factors, comorbidities, hematocrit, and severity of illness by using the SAPS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICU-, in-hospital-, and 1-year mortality rates in the 17,922 included patients were 7.6% (95% CI, 7.2 to 8.0), 11.2% (95% CI, 10.8 to 11.7), and 25.4% (95% CI, 24.8 to 26.1). RDW was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (OR per 1% increase in RDW (95%CI)) (1.14 (1.08 to 1.19), P < 0.0001), ICU mortality (1.10 (1.06 to 1.15), P < 0.0001), and 1-year mortality (1.20 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.26); P < 0.001). Adding RDW to SAPS significantly improved the AUC from 0.746 to 0.774 (P < 0.001) for in-hospital mortality and 0.793 to 0.805 (P < 0.001) for ICU mortality. Significant improvements in classification of SAPS were confirmed in reclassification analyses. Subgroups demonstrated robust results for gender, age categories, SAPS categories, anemia, hematocrit categories, and renal failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RDW is a promising independent short- and long-term prognostic marker in ICU patients and significantly improves risk stratification of SAPS. Further research is needed the better to understand the pathophysiology underlying these effects.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunziker
authors.forename: Leo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Celi
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors