title: Differential expression of immune genes of adult honey bee (Apis mellifera) after inoculated by Nosema ceranae.
abstract: Nosema ceranae is a microsporidium parasite infecting adult honey bees (Apis mellifera) and is known to affects at both the individual and colony level. In this study, the expression levels were measured for four antimicrobial peptide encoding genes that are associated with bee humoral immunity (defensin, abaecin, apidaecin, and hymenoptaecin), eater gene which is a transmembrane protein involved cellular immunity and gene encoding female-specific protein (vitellogenin) in honey bees when inoculated by N. ceranae. The results showed that four of these genes, defensin, abaecin, apidaecin and hymenoptaecin were significantly down-regulated 3 and 6days after inoculations. Additionally, antimicrobial peptide expressions did not significantly differ between control and inoculated bees after 12days post inoculation. Moreover, our results revealed that the mRNA levels of eater and vitellogenin did not differ significantly following N. ceranae inoculation. Therefore, in this study we reaffirmed that N. ceranae infection induces host immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Bee Protection Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Veeranan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chaimanee
authors.forename: Panuwan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chantawannakul
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jay D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Jeffery S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pettis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016818:Nosema / Q000502:physiology*; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D019476:Insect Proteins; D014819:Vitellogenins