title: Upper respiratory tract colonization by gram-negative rods in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: analysis of risk factors.
abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and predisposing factors of colonization of upper respiratory tract by Gram-negative rods (GNRs) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined. A significantly higher frequency of GNR colonization in CLL patients was observed (36.7%) in comparison to healthy volunteers (8.3%). GNR isolates mainly belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Three isolates of GNR demonstrating presence of AmpC β-lactamases and one ESBL-producing strain were obtained from CLL patients. GNR colonization rate was higher among CLL patients with lower level of IgG in serum (P = 0.017), with higher number of neutrophils (P = 0.039) or higher number of lymphocytes in serum (P = 0.053). The longer the time elapsed since diagnosis, the higher the frequency of GNR colonization observed. Multivariate analysis showed importance of the Rai stage, number, and type of infections as independent predictors of GNR colonization in CLL patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. iza.glowniak@umlub.pl
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Korona-Glowniak
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grywalska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chudzik
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bojarska-Junak
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malm
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rolinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G