title: Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of different final irrigation techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of dentin debris from artificially made grooves in standardized root canals by 6 different final irrigation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional syringe irrigation, manual dynamic activation (MDA) with tapered or nontapered gutta-percha (GP) cones, the Safety Irrigator system, continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI), and apical negative pressure (ANP) irrigation were tested ex vivo in 20 root canals with a standardized, debris-filled groove in the apical portion of one canal wall. After each irrigation procedure, the groove was photographed, and the residual amount of dentin debris was scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the MDA with a nontapered GP cone, the Safety Irrigator, and the ANP irrigation. These techniques produced better cleaning efficacy than syringe irrigation (P < .005) but significantly worse than the MDA with a tapered cone (P < .05). CUI was significantly better than all the other techniques tested in this study (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CUI was the most effective technique in dentin debris removal from the apical irregularities, and syringe irrigation alone was the least effective. MDA technique was more effective with a tapered GP cone than with a nontapered one.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. l.jiang@acta.nl
authors.forename: Lei-Meng
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Bram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lak
authors.forename: Leonardus M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Eijsvogels
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wesselink
authors.forename: Lucas W M
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: van der Sluis
mesh_terms: D003481:Cuspid; D006801:Humans; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016369:Smear Layer; D013396:Suction; D013594:Syringes; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants