title: Lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, and nitric oxide affect secretion of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by bovine mammary gland epithelial cells.
abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), nitric oxide donor (NONOate), or the combination of TNF + IL-1α + NONOate on the following: (i) secretion of prostaglandin (PG)-F(2α), PGE(2), leukotriene (LT)-B(4), and LTC(4) by epithelial cells of the teat cavity and lactiferous sinus of bovine mammary gland; (ii) messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription of enzymes responsible for arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [PTGS2], prostaglandin E synthase [PTGES], prostaglandin F synthase [PGFS], and arachidonate 5-lipooxygenase [ALOX5]); and (iii) proliferation of the cells. The cells were stimulated for 24 h. Prostaglandins and LT were measured by enzyme immunoassay, mRNA transcription of enzymes was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the cell viability was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. All factors increased PG secretion, but the highest stimulation was observed after TNF and IL-1α (P < 0.001). Tumor necrosis factor, NONOate, and TNF + IL-1α + NONOate increased LTB(4) production (P < 0.01), whereas LTC(4) was increased by LPS, TNF, and IL-1α (P < 0.01). Lipopolysaccharides, TNF, IL-1α, and the reagents combination increased PTGS2, PTGES, and PGFS mRNA transcription (P < 0.01), whereas ALOX5 mRNA transcription was increased only by TNF (P < 0.001). Lipopolysaccharides, TNF, IL-1α, NONOate, and the combination of reagents increased the cell number (P < 0.001). Mediators of acute-clinical Escherichia coli mastitis locally modulate PG and LT secretion by the epithelial cells of the teat cavity and lactiferous sinus, which might be a useful first line of defense for the bovine mammary gland. Moreover, the modulation of PG and LT secretion and the changing ratio of luteotropic (PGE(2), LTB(4)) to luteolytic (PGF(2α), LTC(4)) metabolites may contribute to disorders in reproductive functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Piotrowska-Tomala
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Siemieniuch
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Szóstek
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Korzekwa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Woclawek-Potocka
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Galváo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Skarzynski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D015289:Leukotrienes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D017997:Leukotriene C4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015237:Dinoprost; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; C031051:prostaglandin-F synthase; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone