title: Development and validation of a symptom index for advanced hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers: the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (NCCN-FACT) Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Symptom Index (NFHSI).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 45-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire assesses health-related quality of life in patients with liver, bile duct, and pancreatic cancers. Although the FACT-Hep was initially derived from patient input, this study's researchers sought to verify adequate coverage of items by soliciting open-ended input from patients with advanced disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a larger study in collaboration with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), 50 people (60% male, 80% caucasian, average age 60.4 years) with stage 3 or 4 hepatobiliary or pancreatic cancer were recruited. Participants generated and ranked up to 10 important symptoms and concerns that physicians should monitor when assessing the value of chemotherapy. Patients were also able to provide open-ended, qualitative information that was evaluated systematically. Ten expert physicians also provided input on priority symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resulting 18-item NCCN-FACT Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Symptom Index (NFHSI-18) demonstrated high internal consistency (α = .89) and moderate to strong correlations with measures of physical well-being (ρ = .76), emotional well-being (ρ = 0.52), and functional well-being (ρ = 0.57). Scores on the NFHSI-18 were also highly correlated with the original hepatobiliary scale of the FACT-Hep (ρ = .82; all P < .001). Compared with patients with better performance status, patients with poor performance status had worse NFHSI-18 symptom scores, F(3,47) = 9.74; P = .0003.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NFHSI-18 assesses symptoms of importance to patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers and demonstrates promising measurement properties. The scale is a good candidate for brief symptom assessment in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. z-butt@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: Neehar D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Syrjala
authors.forename: Amy P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Abernethy
authors.forename: Al B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D063189:Symptom Assessment