title: Cardiorespiratory fitness and carotid artery intima media thickness in men with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with carotid artery intima media thickness in 746 (age 53 ± 7 yrs) men with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured common carotid intima media thickness and defined carotid atherosclerosis as a carotid intima media thickness > 1.0 mm. Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake using expired gases analysis during a standard treadmill test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with common carotid intima media thickness in multivariable regression (β = -0.15, P < .05). After adjusting for established risk factors, high and moderate cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower odds ratios for having carotid atherosclerosis--0.49 (95% CI, 0.30-0.81), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.38-0.92), respectively--as compared with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Each 1 metabolic equivalent increment higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with 27% (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.87) lower prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that high cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with common carotid intima media thickness in men with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Sports Informatics, University of Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jae
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heffernan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernhall
authors.forename: Yoon-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012137:Respiratory System; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology