title: Pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: a Singaporean nursing case review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presentation of pulmonary embolism to the emergency department (ED) can prove challenging because of the myriad of potential disease processes that mimic its signs and symptoms. The incidence of pulmonary embolism and indeed the mortality associated with it is relatively high. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial in off-setting the potential deleterious effects associated with this condition. The aim of this article is to present a nursing case review of a patient presenting to the ED with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We chose to use a case review to highlight the nursing and medical care that was provided for a patient who presented to the emergency department acutely with dyspnoea, chest pain and pyrexia. The use of case reviews are useful in reporting unusual or rare cases and this format is typically seen more in medicine than in nursing. They can naturally take one of two formats-a single case report or a series of case reports; in this case we opted to report on a single case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gentleman in question was an ambulance admission to the ED with a three day history of chest pain, shortness of breath and one episode of syncope which brought him to the ED. Over the course of his admission a variety of treatment modalities were used successfully to alleviate the problem. More notable from a nursing perspective was the use of diagnostic tools as an interpretation to guide his care and provide a platform from which a deeper understanding and appreciation of the intricacies the critically ill patient often presents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found the use of case review very enlightening in understanding the disease process and the decision-making that accompanies this. Whilst our patient was successfully rehabilitated home, we learnt a lot from the experience which has been most beneficial in supporting our understanding of pulmonary embolism.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed