title: Effects of microrough and hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough surface implants on osseointegration in ovariectomized rats: A longitudinal in vivo microcomputed tomography evaluation.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of microrough and hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough surface implants on osseointegration in ovariectomized rats at different time points. Implants with machined, microrough and hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough surfaces were inserted into the distal femurs of ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats. At weeks 0, 4, and 12 following implantation, in vivo microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanning was used to assess bone microarchitectural changes. After 12 weeks, all the rats were sacrificed, and the femurs with implants were harvested for histological analysis and pull-out test. For the Micro-CT analysis, the trabecular number and the bone volume ratio increased significantly in the microrough group (p < 0.01) and micro/nanorough group (p < 0.01) compared with the machined group. The trabecular separation decreased significantly in the micro/nanorough group (p < 0.01) compared with the other two groups. For the maximum pull-out forces and the bone-implant-contact analyses, significant statistical differences were found among the three groups, with the following sequence: micro/nanorough group > microrough group > machined group. The results indicate that the microrough and the hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough surfaces of the implant can be beneficial to osseointegration under osteoporotic conditions, and the hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough surface is more efficient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianrui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Lixian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Kaijin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*