title: Effect of inflammation on cytokine levels and bone remodelling markers in peri-implant sulcus fluid: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since ingredients of peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) may be related to the bony structure surrounding dental implants, analyze of specific markers related to bone resorption in PISF seems to be suitable for long term monitoring of peri-implant health. It is suggested that analysis of PISF may serve for detection of inflammation. The aim of this study is to analyze PISF interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-10, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels to determine whether the diagnostic value of PISF can be used to evaluate early changes around implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 47 dental implants either healthy/non-inflamed (n=20) (Group I), or gingivitis/inflamed (n=27) (Group II), were classified. Peri-implant status has been evaluated by clinical evaluation (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and gingival bleeding time index) were recorded and PISF samples were also obtained. PISF IL-1β, IL-10, RANKL, and OPG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Potential volumetric changes in PISF were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All clinical parameters and volume of PISF were higher in Group II and these differences were statistically significant except volume values. IL-1β, IL-10 and OPG levels in PISF were significantly higher in Group II. Although the PISF RANKL level in Group II was higher than the level of Group I, the difference between groups did not reach the statistically significant level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that a balance of inflammatory- and osteoclastogenesis related molecules locally produced may play an important role in the development of inflammatory peri-implant lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. guliz@hacettepe.edu.tr
authors.forename: Güliz N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Güncü
authors.forename: Abdullah C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Günday
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamalık
authors.forename: Ezel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015921:Dental Implants; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D016753:Interleukin-10