title: Determination of triazine herbicides in environmental samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A simple, rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the determination of five triazine herbicides in water and soil samples was developed by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The water samples were directly used for DLLME extraction. For soil samples, the target analytes were first extracted by water-methanol (99:1, v/v). In the DLLME extraction method, chloroform was used as an extraction solvent, and acetonitrile as a dispersive solvent. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of DLLME were in the range between 183-221. The linearity of the method was obtained in the range of 0.5-200 ng/mL for the water sample analysis, and 1-200 ng/g for the soil samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9968 to 0.9999. The limits of detection were 0.05-0.1 ng/mL for the water samples, and 0.1-0.2 ng/g for the soil samples. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of target triazine herbicides (simazin, atrazine, prometon, ametryn, and prometryn) in water and soil samples with satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: College of Science,  Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001,  China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shujing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Qiuhua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006540:Herbicides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016014:Linear Models; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014227:Triazines / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water