title: High molecular weight constituents of cranberry interfere with influenza virus neuraminidase activity in vitro.
abstract: Cranberry juice contains high molecular weight non-dialyzable material (NDM) which was found to inhibit hemagglutination induced by the influenza virus (IV) as well as to neutralize the cytotoxicity of IV in cell cultures. Because influenza virus surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are involved in viral replication and in the infectious process, we sought in the present study to examine the effect of NDM on neuraminidases which are the target of most anti-influenza drugs today. NDM inhibited the NA enzymatic activity of influenza A and B strains as well as that of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This finding is of importance considering the emergence of influenza isolates resistant to antiviral drugs, reaching 90 % in some places. The anti-NA activity of NDM, evaluated by the MUNANA method and expressed as the concentration required for 50 % inhibition (IC₅₀), was most potent against N1 (IC₅₀, 192 µg/mL), less active against BN and N2 (IC₅₀, 509 µg/mL and 1128 µg/mL, respectively), and moderately active against Streptococcus pneumoniae NA (IC₅₀, 594 µg/mL). The in vitro findings of the present study suggest that cranberry constituents may have a therapeutic potential against both A and B influenza virus infections and might also interfere with the development of secondary bacterial complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chanock Center of Virology, IMRIC, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical and Dental Schools, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oiknine-Djian
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Houri-Haddad
authors.forename: Ervin Itshak
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ofek
authors.forename: Evguenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.forename: Kevan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hartshorn
authors.forename: Zichria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakay-Rones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests / Q000379:methods; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014776:Virus Cultivation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014764:Viral Proteins; C487630:NA protein, influenza A virus; C541223:NA protein, influenza B virus; D009439:Neuraminidase