title: Aluminum overload increases oxidative stress in four functional brain areas of neonatal rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher aluminum (Al) content in infant formula and its effects on neonatal brain development are a cause for concern. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and concentration of Al in neonatal rat brain following Al treatment, and oxidative stress in brain tissues induced by Al overload.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postnatal day 3 (PND 3) rat pups (n =46) received intraperitoneal injection of aluminum chloride (AlCl3), at dosages of 0, 7, and 35 mg/kg body wt (control, low Al (LA), and high Al (HA), respectively), over 14 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aluminum concentrations were significantly higher in the hippocampus (751.0 ± 225.8 ng/g v.s. 294.9 ± 180.8 ng/g; p < 0.05), diencephalon (79.6 ± 20.7 ng/g v.s. 20.4 ± 9.6 ng/g; p < 0.05), and cerebellum (144.8 ± 36.2 ng/g v.s. 83.1 ± 15.2 ng/g; p < 0.05) in the HA group compared to the control. The hippocampus, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem of HA animals displayed significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidative products (TBARS) than the same regions in the controls. However, the average superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brain stem were lower in the HA group compared to the control. The HA animals demonstrated increased catalase activity in the diencephalon, and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brain stem, compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aluminum overload increases oxidative stress (H2O2) in the hippocampus, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem in neonatal rats.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yih-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Guoo-Shyng Wang
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum