title: The 2012 Canadian hypertension education program recommendations for the management of hypertension: blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, and therapy.
abstract: We updated the evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults for 2012. The new recommendations are: (1) use of home blood pressure monitoring to confirm a diagnosis of white coat syndrome; (2) mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may be used in selected patients with hypertension and systolic heart failure; (3) a history of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension should not be a factor in deciding to prescribe an angiotensin-receptor blocker for the treatment of hypertension; and (4) the blood pressure target for patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease has now been changed to < 140/90 mm Hg from < 130/80 mm Hg. We also reviewed the recent evidence on blood pressure targets for patients with hypertension and diabetes and continue to recommend a blood pressure target of less than 130/80 mm Hg.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. stella.daskalopoulou@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Stella S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Daskalopoulou
authors.forename: Nadia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hackam
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: Doreen M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rabi
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Raj S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Padwal
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawes
authors.forename: Rhian M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Touyz
authors.forename: Tavis S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Lyne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Honos
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Ernesto L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Schiffrin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolli
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: M Patrice
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Brenda R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hemmelgarn
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelfer
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallée
authors.forename: G V Ramesh
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: J Malcolm O
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Howlett
authors.forename: Jean-Martin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larochelle
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaczorowski
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trudeau
authors.forename: Simon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bacon
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Petrella
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milot
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drouin
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamarre-Cliché
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hamet
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fodor
authors.forename: S George
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pylypchuk
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewanczuk
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Dresser
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Penner
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Mukul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Norman R C
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Sheldon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tobe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D002170:Canada; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000592:standards; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents