title: Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in progestin-resistance of human endometrial carcinoma: In a mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of these investigations was to study the role of gefitinib (a specific oral epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor) on reversing progestin-resistance in a human endometrial carcinoma xenograft model.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study the effect of gefitinib and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression on tumor progestin resistance, the Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cell line was transfected to stably express a high level of EGFR, which resulted in the progestin-resistant Ishikawa-pLWERNL subcell line. BALB/c nude mice were injected subcutaneously with the parental Ishikawa cell line and the Ishikawa-pLWERNL cell line. Therapy experiments with gefitinib alone or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were done and samples were analyzed for EGFR and progesterone receptor isoform B (PR-B) expression by Western blot and immumohistochemistry analyses. Role in blocking EGFR autophosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway and antagonizing progestin resistance by gefitinib was investigated by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EGFR expression was higher in progestin-resistant Ishikawa-pLWERNL endometrial cancer (EC) xenografts than in progestin-sensitive Ishikawa EC xenografts; in contrast, PR-B was higher in Ishikawa xenografts than in Ishikawa-pLWERNL xenografts. Higher EGFR expression reduced sensitivity to progestin and decreased PR-B expression in Ishikawa xenografts; it also abnormally activated EGFR autophosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway. Gefitinib effectively inhibited the proliferation of EC xenografts that overexpressed EGFR, and reversed hormone resistance in progestin-resistant EC xenografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study describes an in vivo model that can provide a valuable tool in studying the interaction of overexpressed EGFR and progestin resistance in EC. Gefitinib may be useful in the treatment of progestin-resistant EC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jianqian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yincheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011799:Quinazolines; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C097314:progesterone receptor B; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib