title: Comparison of polyfluoroalkyl compound concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid: a pilot study.
abstract: The extent to which polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are detectable in amniotic fluid is unknown. Using paired samples from 28 women, we compared the concentration of 8 PFCs measured in serum, the standard matrix for assessing human exposure, amniotic fluid from routine amniocentesis, and urine. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were detected in all maternal serum samples. The number of amniotic fluid samples with detectable concentrations differed by PFC (PFOA n=24; PFNA n=10; PFOS n=9; PFHxS n=4). The correlation coefficient between maternal serum and amniotic PFC levels varied considerably by PFC (PFOA ρ=0.64, p<0.001; PFNA ρ=0.05, p=0.9; PFOS ρ=0.76, p=0.01; PFHxS ρ=0.80, p=0.2). Using linear regression, PFOA appeared to be commonly detected in amniotic fluid if the serum concentration exceeded approximately 1.5 ng/mL whereas PFOS was rarely detected in amniotic fluid until the serum concentration was about 5.5 ng/mL. No PFCs were detected in urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, United States. cheryl.stein@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D013451:Sulfonic Acids