title: Functional electrical stimulation by nanogenerator with 58 V output voltage.
abstract: We demonstrate a new type of integrated nanogenerator based on arrays of vertically aligned piezoelectric ZnO nanowires. The peak open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current reach a record high level of 58 V and 134 μA, respectively, with a maximum power density of 0.78 W/cm(3). The electric output was directly applied to a sciatic nerve of a frog, inducing innervation of the nerve. Vibrant contraction of the frog's gastrocnemius muscle is observed as a result of the instantaneous electric input from the nanogenerator.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Aurelia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yusheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhong Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D055617:Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011898:Ranidae; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D018511:Systems Integration; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide