title: Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteosarcoma and cancer             cells.
abstract: Metastatic bone tumors cause pain and pathological fractures due to bone             destruction. If we could enhance new osteogenic activities and prevent progression             of osteolytic change by malignant cells, patients could achieve satisfactory activity             of daily living. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which leads to bone             formation by osteoblasts, has been used for the treatment of fractures. LIPUS             has been reported to enhance the effect of an anticancer drug on lymphoma and             liver cancer cells. However, there have been no reports of proliferation, vascularization             and migration effects on cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects             of LIPUS treatment on cancer and osteosarcoma cells and specifically whether it             promotes bone formation without accelerating proliferation of tumor cells. We             used MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse osteoblast cell line, LM8, a mouse osteosarcoma cell             line, SaOS2, a human osteosarcoma cell line, 786-O, a human renal cancer cell             line, PC-3, a human prostate cancer cell line, and A549, a human lung cancer cell             line. The expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), Akt, β-catenin,             vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cell migration were analyzed. LIPUS             stimulation did not affect proliferation of all the cells examined. The phosphorylation             of ERK1/2 and Akt was induced by LIPUS stimulation in MC3T3-E1, LM8, SaOS2 and             A549 cells, but not in PC-3 and 786-O cells. LIPUS stimulation did not significantly             increase β-catenin. VEGF protein levels and cell migration were significantly             increased only in MC3T3-E1 cells. It may be concluded that LIPUS stimulation on             metastatic bone tumors induces differentiation of osteoblasts without proliferation             of tumor cells. Our study suggests that LIPUS may be a new method of treatment             without surgery for metastatic bone tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, and Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koto
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ashihara
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fushiki
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051176:beta Catenin; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3