title: Case study: a young male with auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate use of the nursing process and the standardized nursing languages of NANDA International (NANDA-I), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) to assist a young male with paranoid schizophrenia to deal with auditory hallucinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the experience and expertise of the author and published literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This case study demonstrates nurses' clinical decision making in providing care for an adolescent with mental illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case study provides the pertinent nursing diagnosis, patient outcomes, and nursing interventions for a young male with auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC can provide the necessary framework for enhancing and improving the management of care with patients who experience auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA. KOTOWSKI@adelphi.edu
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006212:Hallucinations; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing*