title: Chitosan oligosaccharides suppress production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced N9 murine microglial cells in vitro.
abstract: Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been reported to exert many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we examined the effect of COS on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS induced N9 microglial cells. Pretreatment with COS (50~200 μg/ml) could markedly inhibit NO production by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in activated microglial cells. Signal transduction studies showed that COS remarkably inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2. COS pretreatment could also inhibit the activation of both nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). In conclusion, our results suggest that COS could suppress the production of NO in LPS-induced N9 microglial cells, mediated by p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways.
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Qing-Song
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qun-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Yu-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C535148:Mapk1 protein, mouse; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases