title: Reassortants of pandemic influenza A virus H1N1/2009 and endemic porcine HxN2 viruses emerge in swine populations in Germany.
abstract: The incursion of the human pandemic influenza A virus H1N1 (2009) (H1N1 pdm) into pig populations and its ongoing co-circulation with endemic swine influenza viruses (SIVs) has yielded distinct human-porcine reassortant virus lineages. The haemagglutinin (HA) gene of H1N1 pdm was detected in 41 influenza virus-positive samples from seven swine herds in north-west Germany in 2011. Eight of these samples yielded virus that carried SIV-derived neuraminidase N2 of three different porcine lineages in an H1N1 pdm backbone. The HA sequences of these viruses clustered in two distinct groups and were distinguishable from human and other porcine H1 pdm by a unique set of eight non-synonymous mutations. In contrast to the human population, where H1N1 pdm replaced seasonal H1N1, this virus seems to co-circulate and interact more intensely with endemic SIV lineages, giving rise to reassortants with as-yet-unknown biological properties and undetermined risks for public health.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Starick
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grund
authors.affiliation: Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büscheler Str. 9, D-49456 Bakum, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grosse Beilage
authors.affiliation: Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büscheler Str. 9, D-49456 Bakum, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Döhring
authors.affiliation: vaxxinova GmbH, Anton Flettner-Str. 6, D-27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: vaxxinova GmbH, Anton Flettner-Str. 6, D-27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noé
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Timm C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Harder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000662:veterinary; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000662:veterinary; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D058873:Pandemics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral