title: Horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation in localized alveolar deficient sites:  a retrospective case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reviews the clinical outcomes of ridge augmentations performed via horizontal- or vertical-guided bone regeneration (h-GBR, v-GBR) or edentulous ridge expansion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The degree of defect correction, the marginal bone level, and the horizontal stability of the augmented bone (five patients) were examined with a new proposed rigid resin survey template.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty ridge defects ranging from 1 to 8 mm were corrected, and 56 implants were positioned. The percentages of alveolar defect correction were 91.85% ± 22.30%, 97.13% ± 4.48%, and 90.42% ± 11.93% for h-GBR, edentulous ridge expansion, and v-GBR, respectively; a limited amount of marginal bone level was reported for all three groups, while a large amount of horizontal bone resorption was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All surgical techniques considered in this study are predictable procedures, and the proposed survey template measurement system showed to be a reliable method of evaluating horizontal bone stability of the augmented ridges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. susanna.annibali@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Annibali
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bignozzi
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sammartino
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Monaca
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cristalli
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D003765:Models, Dental; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial