title: Risk factors of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in central Nepal: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis is the most widespread infectious disease in Nepal and poses a serious threat to the health and development of the country. Incidences of drug resistant tuberculosis in Nepal are increasing and this tuberculosis a major threat to successfully controlling tuberculosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The general objective of the study was to assess the risk factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among the patients attending the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktpur Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study/ case-control study with a total number of 55 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases and 55 controls. The study was conducted among the patient attending in the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktpur Nepal for six months, between May-October 2010. sImulti-drug resistant tuberculosis wasThe collected data was analysed in SPSS 11.5 version. The association between categorical variables were analysed by chi-square tests, OR and their 95% CI were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of patients used for the study was 110, of which among them 55 were cases and 55 were controls . Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior TB MDR-TB OR = 2.799 (95 % CI 1.159 to 6.667) (p = 0.020); smoking habit OR = 2.350 and (95%CI 1.071 to 5.159) (p = 0.032); social stigma social stigma OR 2.655 (95%CI r 1.071 to 5.159) (p = 0.013); knowledge on MDR-TB OR = 9.643 (95% CI 3.339 to 27.846) (p less than 0.001)and knowledge on DOTS Plus OR = 16.714 (95% CI is ranging from 4.656 to 60.008) (p less than 0.001). However, there was no association found between alcohol drinking habits and ventilation in the room.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior tuberculosis, smoking habit social stigma social stigma, knowledge on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and knowledge on DOTS Plus with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis However there was no association between alcohol drinking habit and ventilation in room with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Marahatta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaewkungwal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramasoota
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singhasivanon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents