title: Middle Paleolithic human remains from the Gruta Da Oliveira (Torres Novas), Portugal.
abstract: Additional Middle Paleolithic human remains from layers 17, 18, and 22 of the Gruta da Oliveira, Portugal consist of a proximal manual phalanx 2 (Oliveira 5), a partial postcanine tooth (Oliveira 6), a humeral diaphysis (Oliveira 7), a distal mandibular molar (Oliveira 8), and a mandibular premolar (P(3) ) (Oliveira 9). Oliveira 5, 6, and 8 are unremarkable for Late Pleistocene humans. The Oliveira 7 right humerus is moderately robust or the individual had the stocky body proportions of other European (including Iberian) Neandertals. The Oliveira 9 P(3) has a large and symmetrical crown and lacks a distal accessory ridge and accessory lingual cusps, overlapping both Neandertal and recent human ranges of variation. It contrasts with at least recent human P(3) s in having relatively thin enamel. These join the Oliveira 1 to 4 remains in further documenting early MIS 3 Neandertal morphology in western Iberia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Willman
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bayle
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trinkaus
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zilhão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005580:Fossils; D006801:Humans; D059125:Neanderthals / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011174:Portugal; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*