title: Adipokines, hormonal parameters, and cardiovascular risk factors: similarities and differences between patients with erectile dysfunction of arteriogenic and nonarteriogenic origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erectile dysfunction (ED) is often associated with metabolic disorders. Leptin and adiponectin are adipose tissue-derived hormones involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and considered important players in the relationship among obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Leptin, adiponectin, leptin to adiponectin ratio (L/A), and their correlation with hormonal and metabolic parameters were examined in male with arteriogenic- (A-ED) and nonarteriogenic-ED (NA-ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Biochemical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters of men with A-ED were compared with those of male with NA-ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis of ED was based on the International Index of Erectile Function Score. Its etiology was classified with penile echo-color Doppler at baseline and after intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1. Leptin and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In A-ED subjects, increased levels of insulin, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, body mass index (BMI), leptin, and L/A and decreased levels of total, free, and bioavailable testosterone were observed compared with NA-ED subjects. A trend toward lower estradiol level was also present in A-ED patients, even if not statistically significant. Reduced levels of adiponectin have been observed in both groups compared with patients without ED. Leptin and L/A correlated similarly with several parameters (negatively with testosterone/estradiol ratio and positively with BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR, and 17-beta estradiol). L/A resulted further correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein and positively with triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all ED cases are similar. In fact, A-ED patients display a more complicated metabolic status characterized by overweight and obesity and associated to sexual hormone alteration. Whether changes in body composition and modulation of adipokine levels can improve local endothelial function need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche Città Studi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. elena.dozio@unimi.it
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dozio
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barassi
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dogliotti
authors.forename: Alexis E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Malavazos
authors.forename: Giovanni M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Colpi
authors.forename: Gian Vico Melzi
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: D'Eril
authors.forename: Massimiliano M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Corsi
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018783:Impotence, Vasculogenic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004958:Estradiol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D013739:Testosterone; D014280:Triglycerides