title: The impact of endophyte-infected fescue consumption on digital circulation and lameness in the distal thoracic limb of the horse.
abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate if consumption of endophyte-infected fescue alters digital circulation in the distal thoracic limb of the horse and to assess if soundness of the hooves of horses is affected by consumption of endophyte-infected fescue. Twelve American Quarter Horses (mean initial BW 459 ± 31 kg), 6 mares and 6 geldings, were used in this 90-d study that comprised high-endophyte (E+) and low-endophyte (E-) treatment groups. Fescue seed was integrated into the E+ diet at a rate sufficient to bring total ergovaline to 200 μg/kg, and endophyte-free fescue seed was incorporated into the E- diet from d 0 to 90. From d 30 to 60, native prairie hay was replaced with high- or low-endophyte fescue hay, bringing total dietary ergovaline to 280 μg/kg (E+) and 18 μg/kg (E-). From d 61 to 90, fescue seed was ground to decrease particle size. On d 0, 30, 60, and 90, Doppler ultrasonography and thermographic imaging were used to measure the diam. of the medial palmar artery, velocity of blood flow, and surface temperature of the hoof as indicators of digital circulation. Lameness examinations were conducted on the same days. There were no consistent treatment differences observed when evaluating measurements of digital circulation. On d 60, horses in the E+ treatment group showed increased hoof sensitivity in the left limb (P = 0.02). These horses tended to have increased hoof sensitivity when both thoracic limbs were averaged (P = 0.06), and they demonstrated increased lameness during longeing (P = 0.08). Data indicated that mares may have increased digital circulation, regardless of treatment, compared with geldings (P ≤ 0.05). Heavier horses also had greater arterial diam., velocity of blood flow, and hoof temperature than lighter BW horses (P ≤ 0.05) on d 30, 60, and 90 at time points that ranged from 90 to 180 min after feeding. Although horses consuming the E+ diet demonstrated increased lameness, especially on d 60, compared with horses consuming the E- diet, the measures of digital circulation did not support the hypothesis that digital circulation was reduced. Because of observed lameness issues, limiting the access of horses to endophyte-infected fescue may be prudent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA. douthit@ksu.edu
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Douthit
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bormann
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gradert
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lomas
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kouba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D060026:Endophytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000098:blood supply*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006736:Horses; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D006109:Poaceae / Q000382:microbiology*