title: Childhood respiratory symptoms and mental health problems: the role of intergenerational smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of youth smoking, parental cigarette smoking and parental anxiety/depressive disorders in the relationship between respiratory symptoms and mental health problems among youth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Adjusting for both parental smoking and parental anxiety/depressive disorders in the association between respiratory symptoms and mental health problems among young persons will significantly reduce the strength of the observed relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study. PATIENT-SUBJECT SELECTION: Data were drawn from a school-based sample of 1709 young persons in Oregon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical and mental health data were collected on youth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respiratory symptoms were associated with significantly increased odds of mental health problems among youth. After adjusting for youth smoking, the relationship between respiratory symptoms and depressive disorders was no longer statistically significant. The relationships between respiratory symptoms and anxiety and depressive disorders were no longer significant after adjusting for parental smoking. Parental anxiety/depressive disorders did not appear to influence these relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide initial evidence that exposure to parental smoking may play a role in the observed co-occurrence of respiratory and mental health problems in youth, and youths' own smoking appears to influence the link with depressive disorders, but not anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. rdg66@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Renee D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Seeley
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lewinsohn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution