title: Plasma total cysteine and cardiovascular risk burden: action and interaction.
abstract: We hypothesized that redox analysis could provide sensitive markers of the oxidative pathway associated to the presence of an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs), independently of type. We classified 304 subjects without cardiovascular disease into 4 groups according to the total number of RFs (smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, diabetes, obesity, and their combination). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring plasma total and reduced homocysteine, cysteine (Cys), glutathione, cysteinylglycine, blood reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde. Twenty-seven percent of subjects were in group 0 RF, 26% in 1 RF, 31% in 2 RF, and 16% in ≥ 3 RF. By multivariable ordinal regression analysis, plasma total Cys was associated to a higher number of RF (OR = 1.068; 95% CI = 1.027-1.110, P = 0.002). Total RF burden is associated with increased total Cys levels. These findings support a prooxidant effect of Cys in conjunction with RF burden, and shed light on the pathophysiologic role of redox state unbalance in preclinical atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: CNR Clinical Physiology Institute and Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Chiara
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sedda
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parolini
authors.forename: Jonica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campolo
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzi
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Disoteo
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dellanoce
authors.forename: Anna Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Corno
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cighetti
authors.forename: Oberdan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Parodi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000097:blood*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; C028505:cysteinylglycine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine