title: The cost-effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders during a one-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mood and anxiety disorders are characterized by a high and increasing prevalence, they cause a lot of costs and human suffering and there are many treatment options with differing costs. The benefits of identifying the treatments with the most favourable cost-effectiveness ratios can be substantial. However, the number of randomized trials where psychological treatments are compared with each other and where economic aspects, too, are taken into account is still relatively small.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cost-effectiveness of two short-term psychotherapies in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders during a one-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, 198 patients, who were 20--45 years of age and met DSM-IV criteria for anxiety or mood disorder, were randomized to short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP) or solution-focused therapy (SFT). Psychiatric symptoms were assessed at baseline and 4 times during the one-year follow-up from the start of therapy using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Symptom Check List Anxiety Scale, and 2 times using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scales and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales. Both direct costs (therapy sessions, outpatient visits, medication, inpatient care) and indirect costs (production losses due to work absenteeism, value of neglected household work, lost leisure time and unpaid help received) due to mental disorders were measured. Mean total costs were compared and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to all 4 psychiatric outcome measures, symptoms of depression and anxiety were reduced statistically significantly in both therapy groups during the one-year follow-up. The relative changes were about the same size according to all four outcome measures. In both groups the reductions took place mainly in the first half of the follow-up. The reductions were somewhat greater with SPP, but the differences between the two groups were small and not statistically significant at any measurement point. The mean total direct costs were 1791 euros in the SPP group, being 346 euros (16%) lower than those of the SFT group, but this difference was not statistically significant either. Also the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio points calculated by 500 bootstrap iterations favoured SPP. The total indirect costs in the SPP group were, in contrast to direct costs, higher than those in the SFT group, but, again, the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The generalization of our results may be weakened by the fact that the patients included in our study were relatively young, and the follow-up period was restricted to one year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that there are no notable differences in cost-effectiveness between SPP and SFT. If one were obliged to choose between these two therapies our results would support the choice of SPP. However, more research with extensive data about both costs and effectiveness, compiled over a period longer than one year, are needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn about the cost-effectiveness of the two therapies compared in this study.
authors.affiliation: Social Insurance Institution, PO Box 450, 00101 Helsinki, Finland. timo.maljanen@kela.fi
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maljanen
authors.forename: Paivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paltta
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harkanen
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Virtala
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lindfors
authors.forename: Maarit A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knekt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000191:economics*; D014167:Transference, Psychology