title: Low drug resistance levels among drug-naive individuals with recent HIV type 1 infection in a rural clinical cohort in southwestern Uganda.
abstract: To investigate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among individuals with recent HIV-1 infection between February 2004 and January 2010 in a rural clinical cohort, samples from 72 participants were analyzed. Results from the 72 participants showed no protease inhibitor and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated mutations. One participant (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.04-7.5%) had two nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations (G190E and P225H). HIV-1 subtype frequencies were A 22 (30.6%), D 38 (52.8%), and C 1 (1.4%); 11 (15.3%) were A/D unique recombinant forms. Seven years after the scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a rural clinical cohort in Uganda, the prevalence of TDR among recently HIV-1-infected individuals was low at 1.4%. Since our findings from an HIV study cohort may not be generalizable to the general population, routine TDR surveys in specific populations may be necessary to inform policy on the magnitude and prevention strategies of TDR.
authors.affiliation: MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: Deogratius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ssemwanga
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapaata
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lyagoba
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Magambo
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanyonjo
authors.forename: Billy N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Mayanja
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Pontiano
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaleebu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012424:Rural Population; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014454:Uganda; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins