title: Ephedrine accelerates psychomotor recovery from anesthesia in macaque monkeys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ephedrine is used in treatment of hypotension during anesthesia. We investigated its effects on the psychomotor recovery and its potential adverse reactions on cardiorespiratory functions in rhesus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The monkeys received 50 μg/kg medetomidine, 2.0 mg/kg S-ketamine with 150 IU hyaluronidase i.m. Pulse rate, blood pressure and saturation of haemoglobin were monitored for 20 minutes. Thereafter, 1 mg/kg of ephedrine or a placebo was administered i.m. and behavioural changes, pulse rate, blood pressure and saturation of haemoglobin were monitored every 5 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ephedrine shortened recovery from anaesthesia from 80.4 ± 25.8 to 14.83 ± 13.70 minutes. Ephedrine also increased oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and systolic blood pressure and caused significant decrease in pulse rate 5 minutes after its administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ephedrine can be successfully used to accelerate psychomotor recovery after the use of common anesthetic protocols combining dissociative anesthetic agent and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist in primates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Anaesthesiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Votava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slíva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Málek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurzová
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011674:Pulse
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D004809:Ephedrine; D020926:Medetomidine