title: New three-dimensional head-mounted display system, TMDU-S-3D system, for minimally invasive surgery application: procedures for gasless single-port radical nephrectomy.
abstract: We present an application of a new three-dimensional head-mounted display system that combines a high-definition three-dimensional organic electroluminescent head-mounted display with a high-definition three-dimensional endoscope to minimally invasive surgery, using gasless single-port radical nephrectomy procedures as a model. This system presents the surgeon with a higher quality of magnified three-dimensional imagery in front of the eyes regardless of head position, and simultaneously allows direct vision by moving the angle of sight downward. It is also significantly less expensive than the current robotic surgery system. While carrying out gasless single-port radical nephrectomy, the system provided the surgeon with excellent three-dimensional imagery of the operative field, direct vision of the outside and inside of the patient, and depth perception and tactile feedback through the devices. All four nephrectomies were safely completed within the operative time, blood loss was within usual limits and there were no complications. The display was light enough to comfortably be worn for a long operative time. Our experiences show that the three-dimensional head-mounted display system might facilitate maneuverability and safety in minimally invasive procedures, without prohibitive cost, and thus might mitigate the drawbacks of other three-dimensional vision systems. Because of the potential benefits that this system offers, it deserves further refinements of its role in various minimally invasive surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. k-kihara.uro@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Numao
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*