title: Efficacy and safety of 121 injections of the greater occipital nerve in episodic and chronic cluster headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infiltration of the greater occipital nerve (GON) with local anaesthetics and corticosteroids is a treatment option for cluster headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analysed the efficacy and safety of 121 GON injections in 60 patients with episodic or chronic cluster headache over a period of 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 80% of the infiltrations were at least partially effective (reduction of attack frequency, duration or severity) and 45% resulted in a complete response (no further attacks). The effect was maintained for 3.5 weeks on average in chronic cluster headache. In episodic cluster headache, the effect lasted for most of the bout. In 18 infiltrations, transient side effects were reported, such as local pain, steroid effects (facial oedema, sleeping disorders, acne), bradycardia or syncope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that GON infiltration is a valuable and safe option in the clinical setting to treat patients suffering from cluster headache, especially for the episodic form of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. andreas.gantenbein@usz.ch
authors.forename: Andreas R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gantenbein
authors.forename: Nina J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sándor
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine