title: Yno1p/Aim14p, a NADPH-oxidase ortholog, controls extramitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and actin cable formation in yeast.
abstract: The large protein superfamily of NADPH oxidases (NOX enzymes) is found in members of all eukaryotic kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, and protists. The physiological functions of these NOX enzymes range from defense to specialized oxidative biosynthesis and to signaling. In filamentous fungi, NOX enzymes are involved in signaling cell differentiation, in particular in the formation of fruiting bodies. On the basis of bioinformatics analysis, until now it was believed that the genomes of unicellular fungi like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe do not harbor genes coding for NOX enzymes. Nevertheless, the genome of S. cerevisiae contains nine ORFs showing sequence similarity to the catalytic subunits of mammalian NOX enzymes, only some of which have been functionally assigned as ferric reductases involved in iron ion transport. Here we show that one of the nine ORFs (YGL160W, AIM14) encodes a genuine NADPH oxidase, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and produces superoxide in a NADPH-dependent fashion. We renamed this ORF YNO1 (yeast NADPH oxidase 1). Overexpression of YNO1 causes YCA1-dependent apoptosis, whereas deletion of the gene makes cells less sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. Several independent lines of evidence point to regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Yno1p.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics,  University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg,  Austria.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rinnerthaler
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Büttner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laun
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heeren
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Felder
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stolze
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grousl
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasek
authors.forename: Oldrich
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Benada
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frydlova
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klocker
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon-Nobbe
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jansko
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Breitenbach-Koller
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Campbell W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Gourlay
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madeo
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Burhans
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breitenbach
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013481:Superoxides; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D020169:Caspases; C456272:MCA1 protein, S cerevisiae