title: Marker chromosomes.
abstract: Marker chromosomes are a morphologically heterogeneous group of structurally abnormal chromosomes that pose a significant challenge in prenatal diagnosis. Phenotypes associated with marker chromosomes are highly variable and range from normal to severely abnormal. Clinical outcomes are very difficult to predict when marker chromosomes are detected prenatally. In this review, we outline the classification, etiology, cytogenetic characterization, and clinical consequences of marker chromosomes, as well as practical approaches to prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
authors.forename: Kiran Prabhaker
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Belogolovkin
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers