title: Olfactory neuroblastoma: 15 years of experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the nasal cavity and of the paranasal sinus. In the treatment of patients with advanced olfactory neuroblastoma, the combination of craniofacial resection with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy has significantly improved the survival rate. However, locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis frequently occur, irrespective of the aggressiveness of therapy. We report our experience on the outcomes of olfactory neuroblastoma in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the cases of seven patients with olfactory neuroblastoma, treated in the past 15 years. Six patients were treated with CCRT, consisting of cisplatin (60 mg/m(2), day 4), 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m(2), given over 24 h for 5 days, days 1-5), methotrexate (30 mg/m(2), day 1) and leucovorin (20 mg/m(2), days 1-5) (PFML). One patient was treated with radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which consisted of a combination of three drugs: cyclophosphamide (360 mg/m(2), day 1), cisplatin (60 mg/m(2), day 4), 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m(2), given over 24 h for 5 days, days 1-5) (PFC). Salvage surgery was performed in the primary remaining site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 5-year survival rates were 3/6 for patients treated with CCRT using PFML and 2/5 for patients with Kadish stage C olfactory neuroblastoma. The locoregional response rate was 4/6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our limited experience, CCRT with PFML had therapeutic efficacy as a primary treatment, while surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy have been the main treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tama-Hokubu Medical Center, 7-1, Aoba-cho 1 chome, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 189-8511, Japan. norio_kondo@tamahoku-hp.jp
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nii
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate