title: The interpupillary distance in adult Caucasian subjects, with reference to 'readymade' reading spectacle centration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The magnitude of the far interpupillary distance (FIPD) has recognized significance within and beyond clinical optometry. Quantitative information regarding the lesser-reported near parameter (NIPD) would similarly be of interest, and could be of relevance with regard to the visual comfort obtained with 'readymade' reading spectacles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mensuration statistics relating to the FIPD and NIPD are presented, as collated from the spectacle dispensing records of n = 1354 healthy Caucasian presbyopic subjects. The FIPD data were partitioned across 4 age bands (by decade, 41-80 years of age): the NIPD data were distributed across seven nominal reading powers (in 0.50 D steps, +1.00 to +4.00 D). The results of these analyses are considered here, along with their potential application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent gender (male > female) and classification (far > near) differences in IPD (both of approximately 3 mm) were confirmed throughout these data. The magnitude of the adult FIPD is in accord with previously published results; this dimension is now supplemented by NIPD values, whose relationship with total near power is also described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new anthropometric survey indicates that inter- and intra-gender interocular facial measurement stability is a characteristic of presbyopic subjects. It is suggested that across the anticipated range of age and total reading power requirement of Caucasian (White Northern European) wearers of 'readymade' reading spectacles, adoption of a standard optical centration distance of 61 mm would be universally appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Optometric Research, Higham Ferrers, UK. jonathan.pointer@virgin.net
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pointer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D005139:Eyeglasses / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009907:Optometry / Q000379:methods; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011680:Pupil; D011932:Reading; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics