title: Retro-mode imaging and fundus autofluorescence with scanning laser ophthalmoscope of retinal dystrophies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal dystrophies display a considerably wide range of phenotypic variability, which can make diagnosis and clinical staging difficult. The aim of the study is to analyze the contribution of retro-mode imaging (RMI) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) to the characterization of retinal dystrophies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen consecutive patients affected by retinal dystrophies underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including best corrected visual acuity with ETDRS charts, blue-light fundus autofluorescence, (BL-FAF), near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIR-FAF), and RMI. The primary outcome was the identification of abnormal patterns on RMI. The secondary outcome was the correlation with the findings on BL-FAF and NIR-FAF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the main feature of RMI is represented by a pseudo-3D pattern of all the lesions at the posterior pole. More specifically, any accumulation of material within the retina appears as an area of elevation of different shape and size, displaying irregular and darker borders. No precise correlations between RMI, BL-AF, and NIR-AF imaging was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RMI and FAF appear to be useful tools for characterizing retinal dystrophies. Non-invasive diagnostic tools may yield additional information on the clinical setting and the monitoring of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Battaglia Parodi
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Maurizio
authors.forename: Iacono
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pierluigi
authors.forename: Kontadakis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stelios
authors.forename: Vergallo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stefano
authors.forename: Cascavilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marialucia
authors.forename: Zucchiatti
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ilaria
authors.forename: Bandello
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Francesco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D058499:Retinal Dystrophies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult