title: Object relations in adolescence: a comparison of normal and inpatient adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the development of object relations in adolescents and their correlation with their mothers' defense styles in inpatient and normal adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered the Thematic Apperception Test to adolescents in the adolescent unit (junior high, n = 16; senior high, n = 22) and normal controls (junior high, n = 16; senior high, n = 16). Results were analyzed using the Complexity of Representations Scale (CRS). We administered the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ(40)) to the subjects' mothers (patients, n = 38; controls, n = 32) to determine whether adolescents' CRS scores correlated with mothers' DSQ scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a nearly significant interaction for group-by-school-year for the children's CRS scores. In the control group, senior high school students' scores (mean [SD] = 3.52 [0.49]) were significantly higher (F [1,66] = 12.3, P = 0.001) than those of junior high school students' (mean [SD] = 3.03 [0.31]). In the patient group, no significant difference was observed between senior high and junior high. For mothers' DSQ(40), mature defense scores were significantly higher in the control group than in the patient group (mean [SD] = 10.8 [1.89] vs 9.35 [1.40] in junior high, and 11.8 [1.67] vs 9.36 [1.81] in senior high, F [1,66] = 22.1, P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA). A significant, positive correlation (r = 0.37, P = 0.04) was observed between the mothers' mature defense and the children's CRS scores in the control group only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whatever diagnoses are provided, the problems of adolescents with non-psychotic pathologies are related to the arrest of object relations development. A patient's mother cannot employ mature mechanisms to alleviate signals of anxiety sent by her child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. sekiya@kanto-ctr-hsp.com
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mimura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009769:Object Attachment