title: A comparison of the antifouling/foul-release characteristics of non-biocidal xerogel and commercial coatings toward micro- and macrofouling organisms.
abstract: Five non-biocidal xerogel coatings were compared to two commercial non-biocidal coatings and a silicone standard with respect to antifouling (AF)/fouling-release (FR) characteristics. The formation and release of biofilm of the marine bacterium Cellulophaga lytica, the attachment and release of the microalga Navicula incerta, and the fraction removal and critical removal stress of reattached adult barnacles of Amphibalanus amphitrite were evaluated in laboratory assays. Correlations of AF/FR performance with surface characteristics such as wettability, surface energy, elastic modulus, and surface roughness were examined. Several of the xerogel coating compositions performed well against both microfouling organisms while the commercial coatings performed less well toward the removal of microalgae. Reattached barnacle adhesion as measured by critical removal stress was significantly lower on the commercial coatings when compared to the xerogel coatings. However, two xerogel compositions showed release of 89-100% of reattached barnacles. These two formulations were also tested in the field and showed similar results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
authors.forename: Anastasiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokolova
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cilz
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Shane J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stafslien
authors.forename: Lenora H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Dean E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: Frank V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Detty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D005782:Gels