title: Galanin expression in the mouse major pelvic ganglia during explant culture and following cavernous nerve transection.
abstract: Autonomic neurons commonly respond to injury/axotomy with an increased expression of neuropeptides including galanin and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). The increased peptide expression may enhance neuronal survival and axonal regeneration. Using quantitative (Q) PCR and immunocytochemistry, the present study tested whether galanin expression increased in male mouse major pelvic ganglia (MPG) neurons in response to injury. Galanin transcript expression increased significantly in MPG neurons following 72 h in explant culture and 72 h after unilateral transection of the cavernous nerve. Under both conditions, the increase in galanin transcript levels was greater than the increase in PACAP transcript levels. In control MPG, galanin-IR nerve fibers formed pericellular arrangements around MPG neurons although few galanin-IR cells were evident and many of the galanin-IR cells may be small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. In 3-day-cultured MPGs, many more galanin-IR cells and nerve fibers were noted. The increased galanin expression was most apparent in neurons that were also immunoreactive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, rather than tyrosine hydroxylase. Some explant-cultured MPG neurons exhibited immunoreactivity to galanin and PACAP. As reported previously for PACAP, there is an injury-induced increase in MPG galanin expression, which occurs preferentially in the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Beatrice M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vizzard
authors.forename: Rodney L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D019004:Galanin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000032:analysis; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D017777:Parasympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D010413:Penis / Q000294:innervation*; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044091:Receptor, Galanin, Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D044092:Receptor, Galanin, Type 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C495402:Adcyap1 protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044091:Receptor, Galanin, Type 1; D044092:Receptor, Galanin, Type 2; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3; C579796:galanin protein, mouse; D019004:Galanin; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase