title: The antimicrobial effect of new and conventional endodontic irrigants on intra-orally infected dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds to chelating agents or the use of chelating agents with antimicrobial activity as 7% maleic acid and peracetic acid show similar disinfection ability in comparison to conventional irrigants as sodium hypochlorite or iodine potassium iodide against biofilms developed on dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The total bio-volume of live cells, the ratio of live cells and the substratum coverage of dentin infected intra-orally and treated with the irrigant solutions: MTAD, Qmix, Smear Clear, 7% maleic acid, 2% iodine potassium iodide, 4% peracetic acid, 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was measured by using confocal microscopy and the live/dead technique. Five samples were used for each irrigant solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several endodontic irrigants containing antimicrobials as clorhexidine (Qmix), cetrimide (Smear Clear), maleic acid, iodine compounds or antibiotics (MTAD) lacked an effective antibiofilm activity when the dentin was infected intra-orally. The irrigant solutions 4% peracetic acid and 2.5-5.25% sodium hypochlorite decrease significantly the number of live bacteria in biofilms, providing also cleaner dentin surfaces (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several chelating agents containing antimicrobials could not remove nor kill significantly biofilms developed on intra-orally infected dentin, with the exception of sodium hypochlorite and 4% peracetic acid. Dissolution ability is mandatory for an appropriate eradication of biofilms attached to dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Brazil. ronaldordinola@usp.br
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ordinola-Zapata
authors.forename: Clovis M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bramante
authors.forename: Roberto Brandão
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Flaviana Bombarda
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: Norberti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernardineli
authors.forename: Ivaldo Gomes
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Marco A H
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents