title: Evaluation of hand function in rheumatic disease. Validation and usefulness of the Spanish version AUSCAN, m-SACRAH and Cochin questionnaires.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Questionnaires to evaluate hand function are variable in the number of items, domains and diseases in which they had been previously used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  a) To translate to Spanish and validate the m-SACRAH and AUSCAN questionnaires; b) to do a transcultural adaptation of DASHe, previously validated in Spain), and c) to compare them and the Cochin questionnaire (previously validated in México), in rheumatic patients with variable impairment of hand function.
  
  
  METHODS
  m-SACRAH, AUSCAN and DASH were translated/retro-translated and adapted. The final version was revised to determine content validity and them, plus Cochin were applied to 10 healthy subjects (pilot study) with a variable educational level and in 16 rheumatic patients with variable diagnoses and degrees of hand function impairment; all patients answered 4 questionnaires and were evaluated clinically by blinded investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy six percent were women, mean age 45.7±11.4 years. Cronbach́s alpha >0.90; time to answer went from 2.3±0.087 (AUSCAN) to 3.5±0.36 minutes (DASH). There was good correlation among them (r=0.0683 AUSCAN-m-SACRAH to r=0.889 AUSCAN-DASH) and good capability for discrimination between patients with mild VS moderate to severe impairment was also demonstrated; patients with mild impairment needed less time to answer them and there were no significant differences among questionnaire scores. Patients prefered AUSCAN (10/16), Cochin (4/16) and m-SACRAH (2/16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 4 questionnaires are useful to evaluate hand function in rheumatic patients and have good discrimination capability. More patients preferred AUSCAN.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General de México, México D.F., México.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arreguín Reyes
authors.forename: Carlos O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: López López
authors.forename: Everardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvarez Hernández
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medrano Ramírez
authors.forename: Ma De la Luz
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Montes Castillo
authors.forename: Janitzia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Mellado
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006227:Hand Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating