title: Two-stage bile preparation with acetone for recovery of fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs).
abstract: In this study we sought to optimize recovery of fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) from the bile of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) injected with 10mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Fractions of pooled bile were hydrolyzed, combined with ten volumes of methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, or acetone, centrifuged and supernatants were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection (HPLC/FL). As well, to test whether FACs were being lost in solids from the centrifugation, pellets were resuspended, hydrolyzed and mixed with six volumes of the organic solvent that produced best FAC recovery from the supernatant, and subjected to HPLC/FL. Highest FAC concentrations were obtained with 2000μl and 1250μl acetone for supernatants and resuspended pellets respectively. FACs concentrations were negatively correlated with biliary protein content but were unaffected by addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by no incubation indicating that the presence of proteins in the biliary mixture does not simply interfere with detection of FACs. In another experiment, efficiency of acetone addition was compared to two different liquid-liquid extractions (L-LEs). Acetone additions provided significantly higher biliary FACs than the L-LE methods. The new two-stage bile preparation with acetone is an efficient, inexpensive and easily performed method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. alikaramiv@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.forename: Mohd A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christianus
authors.forename: Kristine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Courtenay
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000096:Acetone; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene