title: Discolouration potential of endodontic procedures and materials: a review.
abstract: Advances in endodontic materials and techniques are at the forefront of endodontic research. Despite continuous improvements, tooth discolouration, especially in anterior teeth, is considered an undesirable consequence following endodontic treatment as it creates a range of aesthetic problems. This article aims to discuss the intrinsic and internalized tooth discolouration caused by endodontic procedures, and to address the discolouration potential of materials used during root canal treatment, including root canal irrigants, intra-canal medicaments, endodontic and post-endodontic filling materials. In addition, the discolouration patterns caused by combined endodontic and nonendodontic aetiological factors are discussed. The recommended guidelines that should be followed by dental practitioners to prevent and manage tooth discolouration are also outlined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. hany_endodontist@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H M A
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Abbott
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000009:adverse effects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants