title: Quality indicators for discarding blood in the National Blood Center, Kuala Lumpur.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The implementation of quality system and continuous evaluation of all activities of the Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) can help to achieve the maximum quantity and quality of safe blood. Optimizing blood collection and processing would reduce the rate of discard and improve the efficiency of the BTS. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of discard of blood and blood component and identify its reasons at the National Blood Centre (NBC), Kuala Lumpur, during the year of 2007 in order to introduce appropriate intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on the number of discarded whole blood units and its components, reasons for discard, and the number of blood components processed as well as the number of collected blood units were obtained from the Blood Bank Information System - NBC database. These were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of blood units collected in 2007 was 171169 from which 390636 units of components were prepared. The total number of discarded whole blood units and its components was 8968 (2.3%). Platelet concentrate recorded the highest of discard at 6% (3909) followed by whole blood at 3.7% (647), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) at 2.5% (2839), and cryoprecipitate at 2% (620). The rate of discarded packed red blood cells RBCs, plasma aphaeresis, and PLT aphaeresis was less than 1% at 0.6% (902), 0.6% (37), and 0.29% (14), respectively. RBC contamination of PLT and plasma were the major cause of discard at 40% (3558). Other causes include leakage (26% - 2306), lipemia (25% - 2208), and underweight (4% - 353).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good donor selection, training and evaluation of the staff, as well as implementation of automation will help to improve processes and output of BTS. This would reduce discard of blood components and wastage caused by non conformance.
authors.affiliation: Cluster of Regenerative Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morish
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ayob
authors.forename: Noris
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naim
authors.forename: Huda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Nor Asiah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Muhamad
authors.forename: Narazah Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Yusoff