title: Hydrogen-rich water prevents lipid deposition in the descending aorta in a rat periodontitis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontitis has been causally linked to atherosclerosis, which is mediated by the oxidative stress. As hydrogen-rich water (HW) scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that HW could prevent lipid deposition induced by periodontitis in the aorta. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HW on the initiation of atherosclerosis in a rat periodontitis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen 8-wk-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of six rats; the periodontitis group, periodontitis+HW group and the no treatment (control) group. In the periodontitis and periodontitis+HW groups, periodontitis was induced using a ligature for 4 wk, while the periodontitis+HW group was given water containing 800-1000 μg/L hydrogen during the 4-wk experimental period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the periodontitis group, lipid deposition in the descending aorta was observed. The periodontitis group also showed significant higher serum levels for ROS and oxidised low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ox-LDL) (1.7 and 1.4 times, respectively), and higher aortic expression levels of nitrotyrosine and hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) (7.9 and 16.0 times, respectively), as compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the periodontitis+HW group, lipid deposition was lower. Lower serum levels of ROS and ox-LDL (0.46 and 0.82 times, respectively) and lower aortic levels of nitrotyrosine and HEL (0.27 and 0.19 times, respectively) were observed in the periodontitis+HW group than in the periodontitis group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HW intake may prevent lipid deposition in the rat aorta induced by periodontitis by decreasing serum ox-LDL levels and aortic oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasuyama
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008239:Lysine / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C120589:N(epsilon)-hexanoyllysine; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014867:Water; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D006859:Hydrogen; D008239:Lysine