title: Differential relationships between personality and brain function in monetary and goal-oriented subjective motivation: multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy of healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine relationships between personality traits and cerebral cortex reactivity under different motivating conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relationships between personality traits assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) and cerebral cortex reactivity during a verbal fluency task monitored using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were examined under three different motivational conditions: control, monetary reward, and goal-oriented, in healthy young male volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlations between cerebral cortex reactivity and personality traits were found in the frontopolar region: a positive correlation with agreeableness and a negative correlation with the neuroticism and conscientiousness scores of the NEO-PI-R under the three motivational conditions. Higher scores for agreeableness were more strongly associated with a greater increase in total hemoglobin concentration ([total-Hb]) under the goal-oriented and control conditions than under the monetary reward condition. In addition, higher scores for neuroticism were more strongly associated with a greater increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([deoxy-Hb]) under the monetary reward condition than the goal-oriented condition, and higher scores for conscientiousness were more strongly associated with a greater increase in [deoxy-Hb] under control conditions than under the goal-oriented condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using multichannel NIRS, certain personality traits of the big-five model are related to frontopolar reactivity. These relationships vary depending on the motivational condition when brain functions are monitored: agreeableness, neuroticism, and conscientiousness are all related to frontopolar reactivity depending on the motivational condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikuni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D006040:Goals; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012201:Reward; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin