title: Safety and immunogenicity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination in perinatally HIV-1-infected children, adolescents, and young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The safety and immunogenicity of high-dose pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) vaccination in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children, adolescents, and young adults are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two 30-μg doses of 2009 Novartis pH1N1 monovalent vaccine (Fluvirin) were administered 21-28 days apart to perinatally HIV-1-infected children, adolescents, and young adults. Antibodies were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay at baseline, 21-28 days after first vaccination, 7-13 days after the second vaccination, and 7 months after the first vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 155 participants, 54 were aged 4-8 years, 51 were aged 9-17 years, and 50 were aged 18-24 years. After 2 doses of Fluvirin, seroresponse (≥ 4-fold rise in HAI titers) was demonstrated in 79.6%, 84.8%, and 83% of participants in the aforementioned age groups, respectively, and seroprotection (HAI titers ≥ 40) was shown in 79.6%, 82.6%, and 85.1%, respectively. Of those lacking seroresponse (n = 43) or seroprotection (n = 37) after the first vaccination, 46.5% and 40.5% achieved seroresponse or seroprotection, respectively, after the second vaccination. Among participants who lacked seroprotection at entry, a "complete response" (both seroresponse and seroprotection) after first vaccination was associated with higher baseline log(10) HAI titer and non-Hispanic ethnicity. No serious vaccine-related events occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two doses of double-strength pH1N1 vaccine are safe and immunogenic and may provide improved protection against influenza in perinatally HIV-1-infected children and youth.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00992836.
authors.affiliation: St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA. pat.flynn@st.jude.org
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nachman
authors.forename: Petronella
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muresan
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Coleen K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pass
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yogev
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burchett
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: L Jill
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Utech
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: Wende
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Siberry
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ebiasah
authors.forename: Judi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058873:Pandemics; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines