title: Simultaneous progression of oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation in prostate carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the association between markers of oxidative stress, levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cell proliferation index in relation to disease progression, clinical stage, and cytologic grade in pathophysiology of prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study comprised of 40 prostate carcinoma patients along with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde along with total antioxidant status were measured to study the oxidative stress status in the study subjects. Angiogenesis was evaluated by studying the VEGF level and cell proliferation index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of markers of oxidative stress along with VEGF and cell proliferation index were found to be significantly higher with significantly decreased levels of antioxidant activity in the study subjects in comparison with healthy controls. The results indicate oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation activity increase progressively with the increase in staging and progression of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress parameters, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation activity point clearly that with the progression of oxidative stress there is a simultaneous progression of angiogenesis, regulation and control of endothelial cell proliferation in relation to disease progression, clinical stage, and cytologic grade in the pathophysiology of prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pande
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.forename: Udai S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Ranjana S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Hari D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine