title: Arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid-supplemented diet in early life reduces body weight gain, plasma lipids, and adiposity in later life in ApoE*3Leiden mice.
abstract: METHODS
  This study addresses whether early life arachidonic acid (ARA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/DHA (Omacor) supplementation affects body weight gain, lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue quantity and quality in later life in ApoE*3Leiden-transgenic mice, a humanized model for hyperlipidemia and mild obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-week-old male ApoE*3Leiden mice were fed chow diet with or without a mixture of ARA (0.129 wt%) and DHA (0.088 wt%) or Omacor (0.30 wt% EPA, 0.25 wt% DHA). At age 12 weeks, mice were fed high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet without above supplements until age 20 weeks. Control mice received chow diet throughout the study. Mice receiving ARA/DHA gained less body weight compared to control and this effect was sustained when fed HFHC. Omacor had no significant effect on body weight gain. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lowered by both supplementations. At 20 weeks, epididymal fat mass was less in ARA/DHA-supplemented mice, while Omacor had no significant effect on fat mass. Both ARA/DHA and Omacor reduced inguinal adipocyte cell size; only ARA/DHA significantly reduced epididymal macrophage infiltration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that early life ARA/DHA, but not Omacor supplementation improves body weight gain later in life. ARA/DHA and to a lesser extent Omacor both improved adipose tissue quality.
authors.affiliation: TNO Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, The Netherlands. Peter.Wielinga@tno.nl
authors.forename: Peter Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wielinga
authors.forename: Lucien F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Harthoorn
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verschuren
authors.forename: Marieke H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
authors.forename: Zeina E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Jouni
authors.forename: Eric A F
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van Tol
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: Teake
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooistra
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048429:Cell Size; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; C052720:apolipoprotein E3 (Leidein); D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol