title: Effects of partially replacing dietary starch with dry glycerol in a lactating cow diet on ruminal fermentation during continuous culture.
abstract: The effects of dry glycerol as a partial replacement for dietary starch in a lactating cow diet on ruminal fermentation and bacterial protein synthesis were evaluated using 4 single-flow, continuous-culture fermentors (ranging from 1,015 to 1,040 mL in volume). The basal lactating cow diet was formulated to have partial contents of dietary starch provided from a corn starch supplement [at 12.37% diet dry matter (DM)], which was partially or completely replaced by a dry glycerol product. Both the corn starch supplement and dry glycerol product contained 65% of pure corn starch or glycerol, respectively. The final inclusion rate for pure glycerol was at 0, 3, 5, or 8% of DM in the basal diet. The experiment was conducted using a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 9-d periods, with the first 6 d for adaptation and last 3 d for sampling. Fermentors were inoculated with 1L of ruminal fluid and 25 g of ruminal digesta from a ruminally cannulated cow receiving a lactation total mixed ration (16% crude protein, 32% neutral detergent fiber, and 25% starch; DM basis). Each fermentor was fed 75 g of DM of its respective experimental diet daily in 3 equal portions (at 0800, 1400, and 2000 h). Liquid dilution rate of the fermentors was maintained at 10%/h and solids retention time was set at 24 h. Fermentation fluid and the effluent from each fermentor were sampled once daily (at 1330 h) from d 7 to 9 of each period and pooled by period. Postprandial ruminal fermentation was studied by sampling the fermentors hourly for 5 h after the 0800 h feeding on d 9 of each period. The total fermentation contents were harvested at the end of the period for estimations of bacterial protein synthesis. Replacing corn starch with dry glycerol linearly increased the proportions of propionate and valerate at the expense of acetate in the fermentation fluid measured daily or for the first 5h after feeding. Replacing corn starch with dry glycerol also linearly increased the digestibility of dietary neutral detergent fiber without a change on the flow or efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis during continuous culture. Results indicate that glycerol as a dry product can replace dietary starch as corn starch at a level of up to 8% of DM in the diet without negatively affecting ruminal fermentation and digestibility during continuous culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Heyler
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Varga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D013213:Starch; D005990:Glycerol