title: Polyps originating from accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report two extremely rare cases of polyps from unilateral accessory middle turbinates, one of which coexisted with a polyp from an inferomedially projecting, pneumatised, secondary middle turbinate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and literature review concerning accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients presented with unilateral nasal obstruction. In both patients, nasal endoscopy revealed polypoid masses originating from the middle meatus. Paranasal sinus computed tomography and histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of polyps originating from an accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate, which were resected uneventfully via endoscopic sinus surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of polyps originating from a unilateral accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate. Pre-operative recognition of these rare anatomical variations is of particular importance in avoiding intra-operative complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inje University, School of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea. jh9002@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J-R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D011859:Radiography; D014420:Turbinates / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*