title: TGF-β of lung cancer microenvironment upregulates B7H1 and GITRL expression             in dendritic cells and is associated with regulatory T cell generation.
abstract: The effects of TGF-β on dendritic cells (DCs) on the tumor microenvironment             are not well understood. We report, here, the establishment of an in vitro lung             cancer microenvironment by co-incubation of seminaphtharhodafluor (SNARF) labeled             Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeled             fibroblasts and 4-chloromethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (CMHC) labeled DCs. Raw 264.7,             EL4 and NCI-H446 cells were able to synthesize TGF-β which was determined by flow             cyto-metry and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, TGF-β efficiently             increased regulatory T-cell (Treg) expansion and upregulated DC B7H1 and GITRL             expression. TGF-β and the co-incubation of LLC cells, fibroblasts with DCs could             augment the expression of B7H1 and GITRL molecules of DCs. The data presented             here indicate that the B7H1 and GITRL molecules may play an important role in             TGF-β-induced Treg expansion of lung cancer microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Hua Xiu
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shi Zhong
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Yi Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng Guang
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C478966:Tnfsf18 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors