title: Characterization of a recombinant canine coronavirus with a distinct receptor-binding (S1) domain.
abstract: Canine alphacoronaviruses (CCoV) exist in two serotypes, type I and II, both of which can cause severe gastroenteritis. Here, we characterize a canine alphacoronavirus, designated CCoV-A76, first isolated in 1976. Serological studies show that CCoV-A76 is distinct from other CCoVs, such as the prototype CCoV-1-71. Efficient replication of CCoV-A76 is restricted to canine cell lines, in contrast to the prototypical type II strain CCoV-1-71 that more efficiently replicates in feline cells. CCoV-A76 can use canine aminopeptidase N (cAPN) receptor for infection of cells, but was unable to use feline APN (fAPN). In contrast, CCoV-1-71 can utilize both. Genomic analysis shows that CCoV-A76 possesses a distinct spike, which is the result of a recombination between type I and type II CCoV, that occurred between the N- and C-terminal domains (NTD and C-domain) of the S1 subunit. These data suggest that CCoV-A76 represents a recombinant coronavirus form, with distinct host cell tropism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Jean K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: Long Ping V
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Zach
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chillag
authors.forename: Vera D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Beth N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Licitra
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dubovi
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Town
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Whittaker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D017939:Coronavirus, Canine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D016679:Genome, Viral; D058507:Host Specificity / Q000235:genetics*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D018826:CD13 Antigens