title: Preparation and evaluation of sustained release microballoons of propranolol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize, optimize and evaluate microballoons of Propranolol hydrochloride and to increase its boioavailability by increasing the retention time of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Propranolol hydrochloride-loaded microballoons were prepared by the non-aqueous O/O emulsion solvent diffusion evaporation method using Eudragit RSPO as polymer. It was found that preparation temperature determined the formation of cavity inside the microballoon and this in turn determined the buoyancy. Microballoons were subjected to particle size determination, micromeritic properties, buoyancy, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro drug release and IR study. The correlation between the buoyancy, bulk density and porosity of microballoons were elucidated. The release rate was determined in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) of pH 1.2 at 37±0.5°C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microballoons presented spherical and smooth morphologies (SEM) and were porous due to presence of hollow cavity. Microballoons remained buoyant for >12 hrs for the optimized formulation. The formulation demonstrated favorable in vitro floating and release characteristics. The encapsulation efficiency was high. In vitro dissolution kinetics followed the Higuchi model. The drug release from microballoons was mainly controlled by diffusion and showed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release, followed by sustained release for 12 hrs. The amount of the drug which released up to 12 hrs was 82.05±0.64%. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed significant difference (p<0.05) in the cumulative amount of drug released after 30 min, and up to 12 hrs from optimized formulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The designed system for propanolol would possibly be advantageous in terms of increased bioavailability and patient compliance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow (U.P.) 227105, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porwal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Swami
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saraf