title: Using standardized family members to teach communication skills and ethical principles to critical care trainees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the effectiveness of standardized family members for improving communication skills and ethical and legal knowledge of senior intensive care unit trainees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multimodal evaluation of mixed-methods educational intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postgraduate critical care medicine academic program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postgraduate subspecialty critical care medicine trainees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Communication workshop featuring a short didactic session and four simulated family meetings using trained professionals as standardized family members.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethical and legal knowledge and comfort with communication (before and after the workshop) and communication skill (during the workshop).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one postgraduate critical care medicine subspecialty trainees participated in the workshop over a 5-yr period. Ethical and legal knowledge and comfort scores improved significantly among trainees who participated in the workshop. Ninety percent of trainees felt that the workshop had met or exceeded their expectations and would recommend it to other trainees. Ninety-eight percent of trainees felt that the workshop had met the highest priority learning objectives they identified. Communication scores showed a trend towards improvement over the course of the workshop, although the improvements were not significant. Participants reflecting on the workshop >1 yr later overwhelmingly felt that it had prepared them for real communication challenges in training and practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This workshop was effective for improving ethical and legal knowledge and comfort with communication among critical care medicine trainees. Participants overwhelmingly felt that it had met their learning needs and that it was an effective teaching tool that had prepared them for real communication challenges in training and practice. It could be used in a variety of contexts to address an often-neglected area of education.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. james.downar@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downar
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knickle
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Granton
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hawryluck
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D003422:Critical Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D015397:Program Evaluation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*