title: ERCC1 as a biomarker for bladder cancer patients likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and the value of molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer have not been determined. We aimed to assess the predictive and prognostic values of excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) in identifying appropriate patients who may potentially benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on 93 patients with completely resected transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. ERCC1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. ERCC1 expression was analyzed in 57 patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy and 36 who were not treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 93 patients, ERCC1 expression was positive in 54 (58.1%) and negative in 39 (41.9%). ERCC1 positivity was significantly associated with longer survival (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.014-0.99; P = 0.049) in the group without adjuvant chemotherapy while ERCC1 positivity was associated with shorter survival among patients who have received adjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 2.64; 95% CI 1.01-6.85; P = 0.047). Therefore, clinical benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with ERCC1 negativity as measured by overall survival (test for interaction, P = 0.034) and by disease-free survival (test for interaction, P = 0.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with completely resected transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, those with ERCC1-negative tumors seemed to benefit more from adjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy than those with ERCC1-positive tumors. Future prospective, randomized studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Mu
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Se Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ghee Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Byong Chang
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seong Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Seong Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Hyun Moo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jisuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Han Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ho Yeong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases