title: Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) have the potency to proliferate and differentiate into odontoblasts and play an important role in dentine formation and reparation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  hDPCs were incubated with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 (0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L). The effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferative ability of hDPCs were evaluated by a fibroblast colony forming test, MTT assay and flow cytometry for cell cycle. The control group, osteogenic induction group, ginsenoside Rg1 (5 μmol/L) group and combination group were designed, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and FQ-PCR for gene expressions of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1) were performed to evaluate the differentiation of hDPCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferative ability of hDPCs in ginsenoside Rg1 was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), especially in the ginsenoside Rg1 (5 μmol/L) group. ALP activity and gene expressions of DSPP and DMP1 were increased in the induction group, ginsenoside Rg1 group, and their combination group compared with the control group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Y-P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D036145:Ginsenosides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C513309:DMP1 protein, human; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1