title: Differentiating neural crest stem cells induce proliferation of cultured rodent islet beta cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Efficient stimulation of cycling activity in cultured beta cells would allow the design of new strategies for cell therapy in diabetes. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) play a role in beta cell development and maturation and increase the beta cell number in co-transplants. The mechanism behind NCSC-induced beta cell proliferation and the functional capacity of the new beta cells is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a new in vitro co-culture system that enables the dissection of the elements that control the cellular interactions that lead to NCSC-dependent increase in islet beta cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mouse NCSCs were cultured in vitro, first in medium that stimulated their proliferation, then under conditions that supported their differentiation. When mouse islet cells were cultured together with the NCSCs, more than 35% of the beta cells showed cycle activity. This labelling index is more than tenfold higher than control islets cultured without NCSCs. Beta cells that proliferated under these culture conditions were fully glucose responsive in terms of insulin secretion. NCSCs also induced beta cell proliferation in islets isolated from 1-year-old mice, but not in dissociated islet cells isolated from human donor pancreas tissue. To stimulate beta cell proliferation, NCSCs need to be in intimate contact with the beta cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture of islet cells in contact with NCSCs induces highly efficient beta cell proliferation. The reported culture system is an excellent platform for further dissection of the minimal set of factors needed to drive this process and explore its potential for translation to diabetes therapy.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grouwels
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasylovska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olerud
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leuckx
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ngamjariyawat
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van de Casteele
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kozlova
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003857:Deoxyuridine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003857:Deoxyuridine