title: Europium-doped gadolinium sulfide nanoparticles as a dual-mode imaging agent for T1-weighted MR and photoluminescence imaging.
abstract: We present a facile synthesis of europium-doped gadolinium sulfide (GdS:Eu(3+)) opto-magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) via sonochemistry. Their photoluminescence and strong paramagnetic properties enable these NPs to be utilized as an in vitro cell imaging and in vivo T(1)-weighted MR imaging probe. The GdS:Eu(3+) NPs have a prominent longitudinal (r(1)) relaxivity value, which is a critical parameter for T(1)-weighted MR imaging. Here, we showed not only their strong positive contrast effect to blood vessels and organs of mice, but also blood half-life and biodistribution including clearance from organs, in order to assess the GdS:Eu(3+) NPs as a competent nanocrystal-based T(1) contrast agent. We further showed confocal images of breast cancer cells containing GdS:Eu(3+) NPs to evaluate as a photoluminescence probe. Dual-mode imaging capability obtained from the GdS:Eu(3+) NPs will allow target-oriented cellular imaging as well as the resulting disease-specific MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Convergence Nanotechnolgy, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Mi Ae
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jee-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ilseung
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Janggeun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seong Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chulhyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joung Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D013440:Sulfides; D005063:Europium; D005682:Gadolinium