title: Laparoendoscopic single-site nephrectomy for patients with dialysis-dependent end stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the feasibility, safety, and outcome of laparoendoscpic single-site (LESS) nephrectomy in high-risk patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who have undergone continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2009 and January 2010, a 62-year-old female and a 36-year-old male that had undergone CAPD and HD, respectively, consecutively underwent LESS nephrectomies. The medical records of the two patients were retrospectively reviewed. The indications for nephrectomy were that the non-functioning kidney was associated with a ureteric stone and distal ureteric stricture, respectively. Parameters examined were patient demographics, medical co-morbidities, operative outcomes, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were completed successfully via transumbilical LESS laparoscopy. The operative times were 160 and 200 minutes, blood loss 200 and 50 mL, and postoperative hospital stay 6 and 14 days, respectively. No intraoperative complications were reported. The first patient who used CAPD before LESS nephrectomy for whom CAPD was successfully reinstated within two weeks postoperatively. No other catheter-related complications occurred. The second patient required a reoperation to evaluate the active bleeding on the fifth post-operative day, but could not find any blood vessel injuries. The bleeding was stopped from the platelet replacement. Pathological evaluation revealed chronic glomerulonephritis in each case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less nephrectomy is a feasible technique with the advantages of less pain, shortened convalescence, improved cosmesis, and absence of wound complications.
authors.affiliation: * Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. sompolpermpong@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sompol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Permpongkosol
authors.forename: Kullanan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nontakaew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; D009392:Nephrectomy; D006435:Renal Dialysis