title: Infant and maternal factors influencing breastmilk sodium among primiparous mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study identified birth events and infant/maternal factors related to breastmilk sodium (Na+) among primiparous mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in a larger study on perceived insufficient milk among 252 breastfeeding mothers at a Canadian, French-speaking university maternal care center. Birth events and infant and maternal factors were collected at 48 hours, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after birth and were analyzed with bivariate and regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of gestational diabetes increases the risk of an elevated breastmilk Na+ level at 48 hours, and increased number of breastfeeds (mean=8.91, SD=3.77) lowers it, indicating lactogenesis II was initiated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breastfeeding frequency impacts initiation of lactogenesis II, which in turn influences duration of breastfeeding exclusivity. Therefore feedings should be promoted as soon as possible after birth and as frequently as eight to 12 times a day.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Québec, Canada. roseline.galipeau@uqo.ca
authors.forename: Roseline
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galipeau
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chagnon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007775:Lactation Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium