title: Effects of temperature on mortality of larval stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) caused by five isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis.
abstract: We examined the effects of temperature on mortality of larval stable fly [Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)] caused by Bacillus thuringiensis tolworthi 4L3, B. t. darmastedensis 4M1, B. t. thompsoni 401, B. t. thuringiensis HD2, and B. t. kurstaki HD945. At moderate doses, mortality caused by all isolates ranged from 87 to 99% at 15 degrees C and declined to 29-63% as temperature increased to 30 degrees C. A similar pattern was seen when a higher dose was used, except that the reduction in mortality at warmer temperatures was not as great as was seen with the moderate doses. Insecticidal activity of each isolate against first-instar larvae was reduced by only 5-15% after 5 d in the medium. Mortality of second- and third-instar larvae ranged from 2 to 21%, suggesting the isolates were less effective against larger larvae.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1. tim.lysyk@agr.gc.ca
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lysyk
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Selinger
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics*; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009117:Muscidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis