title: Elaeis oleifera genomic-SSR markers: exploitation in oil palm germplasm diversity and cross-amplification in arecaceae.
abstract: Species-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are favored for genetic studies and marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding for oil palm genetic improvement. This report characterizes 20 SSR markers from an Elaeis oleifera genomic library (gSSR). Characterization of the repeat type in 2000 sequences revealed a high percentage of di-nucleotides (63.6%), followed by tri-nucleotides (24.2%). Primer pairs were successfully designed for 394 of the E. oleifera gSSRs. Subsequent analysis showed the ability of the 20 selected E. oleifera gSSR markers to reveal genetic diversity in the genus Elaeis. The average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value for the SSRs was 0.402, with the tri-repeats showing the highest average PIC (0.626). Low values of observed heterozygosity (H(o)) (0.164) and highly positive fixation indices (F(is)) in the E. oleifera germplasm collection, compared to the E. guineensis, indicated an excess of homozygosity in E. oleifera. The transferability of the markers to closely related palms, Elaeis guineensis, Cocos nucifera and ornamental palms is also reported. Sequencing the amplicons of three selected E. oleifera gSSRs across both species and palm taxa revealed variations in the repeat-units. The study showed the potential of E. oleifera gSSR markers to reveal genetic diversity in the genus Elaeis. The markers are also a valuable genetic resource for studying E. oleifera and other genus in the Arecaceae family.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), P.O. Box 10620, Kuala Lumpur 50720, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noorhariza Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), P.O. Box 10620, Kuala Lumpur 50720, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), P.O. Box 10620, Kuala Lumpur 50720, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rozana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosli
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ismanizan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D015698:Genomic Library; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil