title: Influence of self-efficacy on compliance to workplace exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Continuous neck and shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint. Physical exercise can reduce pain symptoms, but compliance to exercise is a challenge. Exercise-specific self-efficacy has been found to be a predictor of participation in preplanned exercise. Little is known about the influence of exercise-specific self-efficacy on compliance to workplace physical exercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of exercise-specific self-efficacy on compliance to specific strength exercises during working hours for laboratory technicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cluster-randomized controlled trial, including laboratory technicians from two industrial production units in Copenhagen, Denmark. The participants were randomized to supervised specific strength exercises for the neck and shoulder muscles for 20 minutes three times a week (n = 282) or to a reference group (n = 255). The participants answered baseline and follow-up questions regarding self-efficacy and registered all exercises in a diary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall compliance to exercises was 45 %. Compliance in company A (private sector) differed significantly between the three self-efficacy groups after 20 weeks. The odds ratio of compliance was 2.37 for moderate versus low self-efficacy, and 2.93 for high versus low self-efficacy. No significant difference was found in company B (public sector) or in the intervention group as a whole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find self-efficacy to be a general statistically significant predictor of compliance to exercises during 20 weeks, but found self-efficacy to be a predictor of compliance in a private sector setting. Workplace-specific differences might be present and should be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallè 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, mettemerete@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mette Merete
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Mette Kreutzfeldt
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Zebis
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Langberg
authors.forename: Otto Melchior
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Ole Steen
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Jette Nygaard
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sjøgaard
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bredahl
authors.forename: Lars Louis
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003187:Compliance; D003718:Denmark; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017132:Workplace