title: Short-term effects of Ankaferd hemostat for renal artery embolization: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal artery embolization (RAE) is a minimally invasive therapeutic technique that is utilized in a number of disorders. Ankaferd is a novel hemostatic agent with a new mechanism of action independent of clotting factors. We used Ankaferd for RAE in a sheep model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven adult female sheep were included in the study. Selective renal arteriogram using 5-F diagnostic catheter was performed to make sure that each kidney was fed by a single renal artery and the animal had normal renal vasculature. Coaxial 2.7-F microcatheter was advanced to the distal main renal artery. Under fluoroscopic guidance, 2 mL of Ankaferd mixed with 2 mL of nonionic iodinated contrast agent was slowly injected. Fluoroscopy was used to observe the deceleration of flow and stagnation. Control renal angiograms were performed just after embolization. After the procedure, the animals were observed for 1 day and then sacrificed with intravenous sodium thiopental.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success was observed in seven of the seven animals.. After embolization procedure, none of the animals died or experienced a major systemic adverse event. On macroscopic examination of the embolized kidneys, thrombus at the level of main renal artery formed after Ankaferd embolization was more compact compared with the thrombi that was not Ankaferd-associated, which was observed elsewhere. Microscopically, majority of the renal tubular cells (80-90 %) were necrotic, and there was epithelial cell damage in a small portion of the cells (10-20 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAE was safe and effective in the short-term with Ankaferd in studied animals. Further studies should be conducted to better delineate the embolizing potential of this novel hemostatic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Meram School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Meram Tip Fakultesi, Radyoloji Anabilim Dali, R Blok, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey. orhan.ozbek@gmail.com
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saritas
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toy
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kucukapan
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.forename: Abduzhappar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaipov
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Ibrahim Celaleddin
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Haznedaroglu
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012077:Renal Artery; D034561:Sheep, Domestic
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010936:Plant Extracts; C539751:ankaferd blood stopper