title: Results of computed tomography in horses with ethmoid hematoma: 16 cases (1993-2005).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether CT provides unique information about the treatment or prognosis for horses with ethmoid hematoma (EH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 horses with EH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses with a diagnosis of EH that had undergone a diagnostic CT study were included. Clinical features, treatment, outcome, radiographic and CT images, and histologic specimens were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT provided new diagnostic information that affected treatment in 10 of 16 horses. Bilateral disease occurred in 8 of 16 horses and was undetected in 5 horses prior to CT. Paranasal sinus involvement occurred in all horses, but was incompletely defined prior to CT in 7 of 16 horses. The sphenopalatine sinus was affected in 6 of 16 horses as detected on CT; 4 of 6 of these were bilaterally affected. Medical and surgical treatments were performed. Six of 10 horses had a successful outcome, with recurrence in 4 of 10. Five of 6 patients in which treatment addressed all lesion sites identified by CT had a successful outcome. Bilateral disease did not confer a poor prognosis when all affected sites were treated. Sphenopalatine sinus involvement may have been associated with recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT provided anatomic information that may facilitate effective treatment of horses with EH, particularly in patients with bilateral disease and paranasal sinus involvement. Computed tomography is recommended for patients in which the lesion cannot be viewed endoscopically, when sinus involvement or multifocal disease are suspected, or when the lesion has been unresponsive to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jamietextor@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Textor
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Puchalski
authors.forename: Verena K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Affolter
authors.forename: Melinda H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Galuppo
authors.forename: Erik R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Wisner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome