title: Low-grade inflammation in young adults exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between fetal exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia and plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in adult offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 597 offspring, aged 18-27 years, from four different groups concerning exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia and genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes (offspring of women with: gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), risk factors for GDM but normal glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes and women from the background population, respectively). The participants were characterized by fasting plasma levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometric measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association between intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia and levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP in the offspring was found. In contrast maternal overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) was positively associated with levels of both IL-6 and hs-CRP (p for both=0.003). Offspring who had already developed overweight or conditions of abnormal glucose tolerance were characterized by higher levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP compared with the remaining offspring (all p<0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal overweight but not exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia was associated with low-grade inflammation in adult offspring.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. louisekelstrup@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelstrup
authors.forename: Tine Dalsgaard
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: Elisabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein