title: The tipping point for combination therapy: cancer vaccines with radiation, chemotherapy, or targeted small molecule inhibitors.
abstract: Therapeutic cancer vaccines are a unique treatment modality in that they initiate a dynamic process of activating the host immune system, which can then be exploited by concurrent or subsequent therapies. The addition of immunotherapy to standard-of-care cancer therapies has shown evidence of efficacy in preclinical models and in the clinical setting. This review examines the preclinical and clinical interactions between vaccine-mediated tumor-specific immune responses and local radiation, systemic chemotherapy, or select small molecule inhibitors, as well as the potential synergy between these modalities.
authors.affiliation: Recombinant Vaccine Group, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. jh241d@nih.gov
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Andressa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardiani
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farsaci
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kwilas
authors.forename: Sofia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gameiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines