title: The otolaryngologist's approach to the patient with Down syndrome.
abstract: As more patients with Down syndrome are living into adulthood, attention has focused on health factors that affect the quality of the patient's life and their ability to reach full potential. Patients with Down syndrome have several morphologic abnormalities that predispose them to problems with the ear, nose, and throat, and appropriate treatment can have a significant impact on the quality of life of these patients. Otolaryngologists are likely to see many patients with Down syndrome throughout their careers. This article reviews the literature to provide information and recommendations regarding management of Down syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. reginarodman@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodman
authors.forename: Harold S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Pine
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000758:Anesthesia; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology; D007808:Language Therapy; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D010808:Physical Examination; D017286:Polysomnography; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013070:Speech Therapy; D014059:Tongue / Q000601:surgery; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal