title: Early-life and contemporaneous nutritional and environmental predictors of antibody response to vaccination in young Gambian adults.
abstract: Recent research links nutritional exposures early in life with alterations in functional immunity that persist beyond childhood. Here we investigate predictors of antibody response to polysaccharide vaccines in a cohort of Gambian adults with detailed records from birth and early infancy available. 320 adults were given a single dose of a Vi polysaccharide vaccine for Salmonella typhi and a 23-valent capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Anti-Vi antibody levels and antibodies against 4 pneumococcal serotypes (1, 5, 14 and 23F) were measured in serum samples collected at baseline and then 14 days following vaccination and compared to data available from birth and early infancy. Post-vaccination antibody titres to serotype 14 of the pneumococcal vaccine were negatively associated with rate of growth from birth to three months of age, infant weight at 12 months of age and season of birth, but no other associations were observed with early-life exposures. The strongest predictor of antibody levels was pre-vaccination antibody titres, with adult height and serum neopterin levels at time of vaccination also implicated. The current study does not support the hypothesis that nutritional exposures early in life consistently compromise antibody response to polysaccharide vaccines administered in young adulthood.
authors.affiliation: MRC Keneba, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Gambia. Sophie.Moore@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sophie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: Shousun Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Szu
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prentice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005714:Gambia; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C414006:23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; C054154:capsular polysaccharide, Salmonella