title: Plastic-syringe induced silicone contamination in organic photovoltaic fabrication: implications for small-volume additives.
abstract: Herein, the implications of silicone contamination found in solution-processed conjugated polymer solar cells are explored. Similar to a previous work based on molecular cells, we find this contamination as a result of the use of plastic syringes during fabrication. However, in contrast to the molecular case, we find that glass-syringe fabricated devices give superior performance than plastic-syringe fabricated devices in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based cells. We find that the unintentional silicone addition alters the solution's wettability, which translates to a thinner, less absorbent film on spinning. With many groups studying the effects of small-volume additives, this work should be closely considered as many of these additives may also directly alter the solutions' wettability, or the amount of silicone dissolved off the plastic syringes, or both. Thereby, film thickness, which generally is not reported in detail, can vary significantly from device to device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science Engineering, and §Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Kanwar S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nalwa
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahadevapuram
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderegg
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry*; D012993:Solar Energy; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012828:Silicones; D013876:Thiophenes; D017971:Tin Compounds; C533756:poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate); C507295:poly(3-hexylthiophene); C109984:indium tin oxide