title: Severe ocular injury after button battery exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Button batteries can cause local tissue necrosis within 2h of exposure due to hydrolysis of tissue fluid and generation of hydroxide ions. Tissue damage resulting from battery exposure has been associated with acute and chronic complications via several routes, however, previous experience with ocular battery exposures is predominantly limited to batteries that have exploded or penetrated the eye.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A case is presented of an intact battery causing significant damage after ocular exposure without penetrating the eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 18-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department after a toy balloon propelled a button battery into the patient's eye. The battery did not penetrate the orbit and was intact upon removal from the inferior fornix in the operating room 4h later. The patient had severe conjunctival ulceration, subconjunctival hemorrhage, vitreous opacification, and a partially dilated pupil, with the greatest area of injury adjacent to the negative pole of the battery. The eye was extensively irrigated and the patient was treated with topical antibiotics, steroids, and a daily rodding procedure to prevent conjunctival adhesions. The eye ultimately healed over the subsequent 6 months, with normal visual acuity on follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged ocular exposure to an intact battery can cause significant tissue necrosis, which may threaten sight. Early removal is critical to prevent significant ocular damage and visual compromise.
authors.affiliation: National Capital Poison Center, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
authors.forename: Maryann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazer-Amirshahi
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: Lo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kayewilson
authors.forename: Toby
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Litovitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000468:Alkalies / Q000009:adverse effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000293:injuries*; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014456:Ulcer / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids