title: Red cell phenotyping of blood from donors at the National blood center of Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human blood groups are polymorphic and inherited integral structures of the red cell membrane. More than 300 red cell antigens have been identified and further categorized into 30 major discrete systems. Their distribution varies in different communities and ethnic groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This work was set to determine the prevalence of red cell phenotypes in donors from the major ethnic groups in Malaysia, namely, Malays, Chinese, and Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The work utilized the dextran acrylamide gel technique in which four types of gel cards were used to identify the blood groups of 594 subjects collected at the National Blood Transfusion Centre, Malaysia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood group O and CDe/CDe (R1R1) were the most common in all ethnic groups. The cde/cde (rr) was more prevalent amongst Indians. The rare phenotypes found were cDE/cDE(R2R2) and cDE/CDE(R2Rz). With the Lewis system, the distribution of Le(a-b+) was similar among the ethnic groups. The rarest phenotype Fy(a-b-) was discovered in two donors. Jk(a-b-) was found in seven Malays and in two Indians. In the MNSs system, MN was common in Malays and Chinese, while the MM was more common among Indians. The rare SS was found in 19 donors. Malay and Chinese subjects had high P1 Negative blood but Indians showed high P1 positive blood. Within the Kell System, the very rare KK type was found in six subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained serve as an established database for the distribution of red cell phenotypes based on the blood group systems of donors from the major ethnic groups in Malaysia.
authors.affiliation: National Blood Centre, Ministry of Health, Jalan Tun Razzak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rozi H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: Suhair A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Hasna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ayob
authors.forename: Nor H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Asidin
authors.forename: Poh Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Fawwaz S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Al-Joudi