title: Differences between mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke extracts and nicotine in the activation and aggregation of platelets subjected to cardiovascular conditions in diabetes.
abstract: Mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke extracts have been shown to increase platelet activation directly. Furthermore, advanced glycation end products, which are present in the diabetic vasculature, have also been shown to enhance platelet activity. However, the combined effects of these two risk factors on platelet functions remain unclear. Platelets were exposed to tobacco extracts concurrently with advanced glycation end products. Timed samples were removed to assess the extent of platelet activity. The presence of smoke extracts enhanced platelet activity as compared to control conditions, this was especially prevalent for sidestream extracts. With the addition of irreversibly glycated albumin, there was an additive effect, further enhancing platelet responses. This was at least partially regulated by α-granule release and CD41 expression. The combination of cardiovascular risk factors can significantly enhance platelet activation and aggregation, and therefore it is possible to accelerate cardiovascular diseases through the interactions of multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Oklahoma State University, 218 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000633:toxicity*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin