title: Nurses' research utilization two years after graduation--a national survey of associated individual, organizational, and educational factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nurses' research utilization (RU) as part of evidence-based practice is strongly emphasized in today's nursing education and clinical practice. The primary aim of RU is to provide high-quality nursing care to patients. Data on newly graduated nurses' RU are scarce, but a predominance of low use has been reported in recent studies. Factors associated with nurses' RU have previously been identified among individual and organizational/contextual factors, but there is a lack of knowledge about how these factors, including educational ones, interact with each other and with RU, particularly in nurses during the first years after graduation. The purpose of this study was therefore to identify factors that predict the probability for low RU among registered nurses two years after graduation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected as part of the LANE study (Longitudinal Analysis of Nursing Education), a Swedish national survey of nursing students and registered nurses. Data on nurses' instrumental, conceptual, and persuasive RU were collected two years after graduation (2007, n = 845), together with data on work contextual factors. Data on individual and educational factors were collected in the first year (2002) and last term of education (2004). Guided by an analytic schedule, bivariate analyses, followed by logistic regression modeling, were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the variables associated with RU in the bivariate analyses, six were found to be significantly related to low RU in the final logistic regression model: work in the psychiatric setting, role ambiguity, sufficient staffing, low work challenge, being male, and low student activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of factors associated with nurses' low extent of RU two years postgraduation were found, most of them potentially modifiable. These findings illustrate the multitude of factors related to low RU extent and take their interrelationships into account. This knowledge might serve as useful input in planning future studies aiming to improve nurses', specifically newly graduated nurses', RU.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden. hfo@du.se
authors.forename: Henrietta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forsman
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudman
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ehrenberg
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wallin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D024382:Professional Role; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors