title: Effect of adjuvants on the humoral immune response to congopain in mice and cattle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated several adjuvants for their effects on the humoral immune response in both mice and cattle using the central domain of congopain (C2), the major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma congolense, as a model for developing a vaccine against animal trypanosomosis. The magnitude and sustainability of the immune response against C2 and the occurrence of a booster effect of infection, an indirect measure of the presence of memory cells, were determined by ELISA, while spectrofluorometry was used to determine and measure the presence of enzyme-inhibiting antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice immunized with recombinant C2 in TiterMax™, Adjuphos™, purified saponin Quil A™ or Gerbu™ showed the best response according to the evaluation criteria and the latter three were chosen for the cattle vaccination study. The cattle were challenged with T. congolense four and a half months after the last booster. Cattle immunized with recombinant C2 in purified saponin Quil A™ showed the best antibody response according to the measured parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified purified saponin Quil A™ as a good adjuvant for immunizations with C2. The results from this study will be useful in future attempts to develop an effective anti-disease vaccine against African trypanosomosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. katereggaj@vetmed.mak.ac.ug
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kateregga
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Lubega
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Authié
authors.forename: Theresa Helen Taillefer
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Coetzer
authors.forename: Alain François Vincent
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Boulangé
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014348:Trypanosoma congolense / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C084086:congopain