title: The use of simulation in healthcare:  from systems issues, to team building, to task training, to education and high stakes examinations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Simulation in healthcare is becoming increasingly used. This review will spotlight some of the uses of simulation in healthcare training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Previously, evaluation of simulation training was typically from evaluations from trainees. Recent articles, however, have linked simulation training to actual patient outcomes and demonstrated skill retention up to 1 year. Objective measurements have demonstrated positive effects on healthcare education, have been successfully used in high stakes examinations, and have uncovered systems and patient safety issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article will review some recent studies showing how simulation can have a positive effect on patient outcomes and skill retention, uncover systems issues related to patient safety, and how simulation can be used in credentialing, and other high stakes examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. jorledge@umc.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orledge
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: W Bosseau
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerant
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003406:Credentialing; D004522:Educational Status; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016544:Patient Simulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States