title: Effects of wheelchair sports on respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility of individuals with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wheelchair sports on respiratory muscle strength and the thoracic mobility of individuals with spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male subjects with chronic spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A) took part in the study and were divided into four groups: sedentary subjects with quadriplegia (S-QUAD, n = 7), wheelchair rugby athletes with quadriplegia (A-QUAD, n = 8), sedentary subjects with paraplegia (S-PARA, n = 6), and wheelchair basketball athletes with paraplegia (A-PARA, n = 9). The main outcome measures were maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure and the respiratory coefficients at the axillary and xiphoid levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A-QUAD group presented values significantly higher for all respiratory variables studied compared with the S-QUAD group. No significant differences in any of the respiratory variables were observed between S-PARA and A-PARA groups. There was a negative correlation between spinal cord injury level and respiratory variables for the S-QUAD and S-PARA groups. There were positive correlations in the A-QUAD group between time of training and maximal inspiratory pressure (adjusted R = 0.84; P = 0.001) and respiratory coefficients at the axillary level (adjusted R = 0.80; P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical training seems to have a positive influence on respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility, especially in subjects with quadriplegia.
authors.affiliation: College of Health Science, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlene Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Antonio Roberto
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zamunér
authors.forename: Juliana Viana
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: Rosana Macher
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Teodori
authors.forename: Ricardo M L
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology; D001938:Brazil; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005538:Football / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult