title: Mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: a randomized wait-list controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract affected by stress, which may benefit from a biopsychosocial treatment approach such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A treatment as usual (TAU) wait-list controlled trial was conducted in Calgary, Canada to investigate the impact of MBSR on IBS symptoms. It was hypothesized that MBSR patients would experience greater reduction in overall IBS symptom severity and self-reported symptoms of stress relative to control patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients diagnosed with IBS using the Rome III criteria were randomized to either an immediate MBSR program (n = 43) or to wait for the next available program (n = 47). Patients completed IBS symptom severity, stress, mood, quality of life (QOL), and spirituality scales pre- and post-intervention or waiting period and at 6-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat linear mixed model analyses for repeated measures were conducted, followed by completers analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While both groups exhibited a decrease in IBS symptom severity scores over time, the improvement in the MBSR group was greater than the controls and was clinically meaningful, with symptom severity decreasing from constantly to occasionally present. Pre- to post-intervention dropout rates of 44 and 23 % for the MBSR and control groups, respectively, were observed. At 6-month follow-up, the MBSR group maintained a clinically meaningful improvement in overall IBS symptoms compared to the wait-list group, who also improved marginally, resulting in no statistically significant differences between groups at follow-up. Improvements in overall mood, QOL, and spirituality were observed for both groups over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this trial provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of a mindfulness intervention for the reduction of IBS symptom severity and symptoms of stress and the maintenance of these improvements at 6 months post-intervention. Attention and self-monitoring and/or anticipation of MBSR participation may account for smaller improvements observed in TAU patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Zernicke
authors.forename: Tavis S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Blustein
authors.forename: Tak S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Jillian A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Simon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bacon
authors.forename: Linda E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D029181:Spirituality; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014850:Waiting Lists; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology