title: Vitamin D intake and cardiovascular mortality in the NHANES I epidemiological follow-up study cohort.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine whether vitamin D intake is associated with CVD mortality in a general population sample. The association between vitamin D intake and CVD mortality (ICD-9 code 410-414) rates was investigated using data from the the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiological Follow-up Study (NHEFS) 1971-1992. Overall, higher vitamin D intake was associated with lower CVD mortality. After adjustment for traditional risk factors for CVD, vitamin D intake showed mild but nonstatistically significant protective effects against CVD mortality with a hazard ratio for adequate as compared to low intake (with 95% confidence intervals) of 0.90 (0.74, 1.08). Hazard ratios were 0.95, 0.83, 0.88, and 1.02, in males, females, Whites, and Blacks, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals overlapping 1.0 in all cases). Thus, we did not find a statistically significant association between vitamin D intake and CVD mortality, although our findings are compatible with a mild protective effect, especially among females and Whites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Programming, Sanofi U.S. Inc., 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA. Chunpeng.Fan@sanofi.com
authors.forename: Chunpeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: Leonelo E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fine
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000208:ethnology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D