title: Phages and HIV-1: from display to interplay.
abstract: The complex hide-and-seek game between HIV-1 and the host immune system has impaired the development of an efficient vaccine. In addition, the high variability of the virus impedes the long-term control of viral replication by small antiviral drugs. For more than 20 years, phage display technology has been intensively used in the field of HIV-1 to explore the epitope landscape recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal HIV-1-specific antibodies, thereby providing precious data about immunodominant and neutralizing epitopes. In parallel, biopanning experiments with various combinatorial or antibody fragment libraries were conducted on viral targets as well as host receptors to identify HIV-1 inhibitors. Besides these applications, phage display technology has been applied to characterize the enzymatic specificity of the HIV-1 protease. Phage particles also represent valuable alternative carriers displaying various HIV-1 antigens to the immune system and eliciting antiviral responses. This review presents and summarizes the different studies conducted with regard to the nature of phage libraries, target display mode and biopanning procedures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Sante, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delhalle
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Sante, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.|Service National des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, 4, rue E. Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schmit
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Sante, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chevigné
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000276:immunology; D061505:Cell Surface Display Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018604:Epitope Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019151:Peptide Library; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000276:immunology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C584933:CCR5 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D000939:Epitopes; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D019151:Peptide Library; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C514793:gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C514787:gp41 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1