title: Species-specific differences in biomarker responses in two ecologically different earthworms exposed to the insecticide dimethoate.
abstract: Earthworms ingest large amounts of soil and therefore are continuously exposed to contaminants through their alimentary surfaces. Additionally, several studies have shown that earthworm skin is a significant route of contaminant uptake as well. In order to determine effects of dimethoate, a broad-spectrum organophosphorous insecticide, two ecologically different earthworm species were used - Eisenia andrei and Octolasion lacteum. Although several studies used soil organisms to investigate the effects of dimethoate, none of these studies included investigations of dimethoate effects on biochemical biomarkers in earthworms. Earthworms were exposed to 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.5 and 1 μg/cm(2) of dimethoate for 24 h, and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, catalase and efflux pump were measured. In both earthworm species dimethoate caused significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities, however in E. andrei an hormetic effect was evident. Efflux pump activity was inhibited only in E. andrei, and catalase activity was significantly inhibited in both earthworm species. Additionally, responses of earthworm acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and catalase activity to dimethoate were examined through in vitro experiments. Comparison of responses between E. andrei and O. lacteum has shown significant differences, and E. andrei has proved to be less susceptible to dimethoate exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia. mirna.velki@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velki
authors.forename: Branimir K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hackenberger
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D043182:Carboxylesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D059165:Hormesis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D013045:Species Specificity; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D002374:Catalase; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004117:Dimethoate