title: Ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced memory deficiency via its antineuroinflammatory and antiamyloidogenic effects.
abstract: Magnolia bark contains several compounds such as magnolol, honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, obovatol, and other neolignan compounds. These compounds have been reported to have various beneficial effects in various diseases. There is sufficient possibility that ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis is more effective in amyloidogenesis via synergism of these ingredients. Neuroinflammation has been known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated whether the ethanol extract of M. officinalis (10 mg/ kg in 0.05% ethanol) prevents memory dysfunction and amyloidogenesis in AD mouse model by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 250 µg/ kg/day for seven times) injection. We found that ethanol extract of M. officinalis prevented LPS-induced memory deficiency as well as inhibited the LPS-induced elevation of inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, and activation of astrocytes and microglia. In particular, administration of M. officinalis ethanol extract inhibited LPS-induced amyloidogenesis, which resulted in the inhibition of amyloid precursor protein, beta-site amyloid-precursor-protein-cleaving enzyme 1 and C99. Thus, this study shows that ethanol extract of M. officinalis prevents LPS-induced memory impairment as well as amyloidogenesis via inhibition of neuroinflammation and suggests that ethanol extract of M. officinalis might be a useful intervention for neuroinflammation-associated diseases such as AD.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yeo-Pyo
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Sang Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hwan Mook
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kiho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seok Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Mhan-Pyo
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hyun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jea-Hwang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Ki-Wan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jin Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D031566:Magnolia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2