title: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of a telodendrimer micellar paclitaxel nanoformulation in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A multifunctional telodendrimer-based micelle system was characterized for delivery of imaging and chemotherapy agents to mouse tumor xenografts. Previous optical imaging studies demonstrated qualitatively that these classes of nanoparticles, called nanomicelles, preferentially accumulate at tumor sites in mice. The research reported herein describes the detailed quantitative imaging and biodistribution profiling of nanomicelles loaded with a cargo of paclitaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  The telodendrimer was covalently labeled with ¹²⁵I and the nanomicelles were loaded with ¹⁴C-paclitaxel, which allowed measurement of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in the mice using microSPECT/CT imaging and liquid scintillation counting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radio imaging data showed preferential accumulation of nanomicelles at the tumor site along with a slower clearance rate than paclitaxel formulated in Cremophor EL (Taxol®). Liquid scintillation counting confirmed that ¹⁴C-labeled paclitaxel sequestered in nanomicelles had increased uptake by tumor tissue and slower pharmacokinetics than Taxol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the results indicate that nanomicelle-formulated paclitaxel is a potentially superior formulation compared with Taxol in terms of water solubility, pharmacokinetics, and tumor accumulation, and may be clinically useful for both tumor imaging and improved chemotherapy applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Wenwu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Juntao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Teesta
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Harry P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: Kit S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008823:Micelles; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D050091:Dendrimers; D008823:Micelles; D017239:Paclitaxel