title: Trait anxiety and glucose metabolism in people without diabetes: vulnerabilities among black women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether the relationship between anxiety and indicators of glucose metabolism in people without diabetes varies by race and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 914 adults (777 white, 137 black) without diabetes in the MIDUS (Midlife in the USA) II study. Glucose metabolism was characterized by fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model of assessment--insulin resistance), and HbA(1c). Hierarchical linear regressions stratified by race and gender examined whether anxiety was associated with glucose metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for potential confounders, positive relationships between anxiety and fasting glucose (P = 0.04), insulin (P = 0.01), and HOMA-IR (P = 0.02) but not HbA(1c), were observed in black women only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings extend previous evidence for the links between psychosocial vulnerabilities and impaired glucose metabolism in black women, by documenting significant associations between anxiety and clinical indicators of glycaemic control among black women without diabetes. Thus, anxiety might constitute an intervention target in black women, a subgroup disproportionately affected by Type 2 diabetes, its complications, and premature mortality.
authors.affiliation: Center for Women's Health and Health Disparities Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. tsenkova@wisc.edu
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Tsenkova
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgiades
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ryff
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human