title: Estimates and implications of the costs of compliance with biosafety regulations in developing countries.
abstract: Estimating the cost of compliance with biosafety regulations is important as it helps developers focus their investments in producer development. We provide estimates for the cost of compliance for a set of technologies in Indonesia, the Philippines and other countries. These costs vary from US $100,000 to 1.7 million. These are estimates of regulatory costs and do not include product development or deployment costs. Cost estimates need to be compared with potential gains when the technology is introduced in these countries and the gains in knowledge accumulate during the biosafety assessment process. Although the cost of compliance is important, time delays and uncertainty are even more important and may have an adverse impact on innovations reaching farmers.
authors.affiliation: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA. j.falck-zepeda@cgiar.org
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Falck-Zepeda
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yorobe
authors.forename: Bahagiawati Amir
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Husin
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manalo
authors.forename: Erna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lokollo
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramon
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zambrano
authors.lastname: Sutrisno
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D003906:Developing Countries; D059022:Food Safety; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*