title: Correlation of expression of hypoxia-related proteins with prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoxia plays a major role in tumor progression, therapy resistance and for prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The crucial step as a response to hypoxia is the activation and stabilization of the alpha subunit of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α).                                               HIF-1:                          HIF-1 regulates the expression of different genes to adapt the tumor cells to reduced oxygenation. The HIF-1 system is intrinsic regulated by von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL). Main downstream proteins are the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). For therapeutical stratification in OSCC, it is important to understand the mechanism caused by hypoxic stress and to comprehend the resulting adaptive process in cancer cells. Therefore, an overview of HIF-1α-depending protein expression, focussed on the expression of GLUT-1, CAIX, and VEGF and their prognostic significance in OSCC is given.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several unique roles of hypoxic pathway in the context of tumor progression are described in this review. As a consequence, a marker panel is proposed to allow a more individualized prognosis in OSCC patients. This marker panel should include beside HIF-1α, pVHL, and GLUT-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, E.-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany. aw.eckert.wissenschaft@web.de
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kappler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taubert
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator / Q000235:genetics*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015996:Survival Rate; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C497396:ARNT protein, human; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases