title: CAR-T cells and solid tumors: tuning T cells to challenge an inveterate foe.
abstract: Recent reports on the impressive efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells to challenge cancer in early phase clinical trials have significantly raised the profile of T cell therapy. Concomitantly, general expectations are also raised by these reports, with the natural aspiration to deliver this therapy over a wide range of tumor indications. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endow T cell populations with defined antigen specificities that function independently of the natural T cell receptor and permit targeting of T cells towards virtually any tumor. Here, we review the current clinical application of CAR-T cells and relate clinical efficacy and safety of CAR-T cell trials to parameters considered critical for CAR engineering, classified as the three T's of CAR-T cell manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. dgilham@picr.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gilham
authors.forename: Reno
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Debets
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pule
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Hinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abken
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins