title: Age- and gender-specific effects on NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms and risk of the development of active tuberculosis in Tunisian populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies that have assessed NRAMP1 polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in humans have yielded conflicting results. In this study, we evaluated the association between NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of the development of active TB in Tunisian populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distribution of 3'-UTR and D543N polymorphisms in 223 TB patients (168 patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) and 55 patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB)) and 150 healthy donors was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that AA and AG genotypes appeared to be associated with susceptibility to PTB (odds ratio (OR) 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-230.8; p corrected for the number of genotypes (pc)=0.018) and EPTB (OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.64-11.82; pc=0.0024), respectively, in patients aged less than 30 years. However, wild-type GG genotype appeared to be associated with resistance against PTB in females (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01-0.74; pc=0.03). The 3'-UTR del/del genotype appeared to be associated with susceptibility to PTB in patients aged less than 30 years (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.5-9.52; pc=0.003). In contrast, TGTG+/del might be associated with resistance against the development of active PTB (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.65; pc=0.003). A-del haplotype appeared to be associated with susceptibility to PTB (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.11-2.9; pc=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, our results suggest an association of NRAMP1 3'-UTR and D543N polymorphisms with susceptibility to mycobacterial infection in Tunisian populations in relation to age and sex.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR02SP13, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Av. Ibn el Jazzar, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia. wbenselma@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ben-Selma
authors.forename: Hedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harizi
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Letaief
authors.forename: Jalel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boukadida
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012737:Sex Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1