title: Allergic contact dermatitis induces upregulation of identical microRNAs in humans and mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs are short, endogenous RNA molecules that can bind to parts of target mRNAs, thus inhibiting their translation and causing accelerated turnover or degradation of transcripts, thereby regulating gene expression. Several microRNAs have been found to be upregulated in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, indicating a role in inflammatory skin diseases. However, there have been no studies on the expression of microRNAs in allergic contact dermatitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate expression of microRNAs in allergic contact dermatitis. Methods. Lesional and non-lesional skin biopsies were collected from subjects with allergic responses to diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP). Additional samples for profiling were collected from an experimental mouse model by use of the strong allergen dinitrofluorobenzene. RNA was purified from all samples, and locked nucleic acid microarray analysis was performed, followed by validation with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In humans sensitized with DPCP, we found significant upregulation of miR-21, miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p and miR-223 in challenged skin. The same microRNAs were significantly upregulated in the skin of mice in a mouse model of contact allergy. The upregulation of microRNA was confirmed by quantitative PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These are the first results indicating that microRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis, and they show that mouse models are valuable tools for further study of the involvement of microRNAs in allergic contact dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vennegaard
authors.forename: Charlotte M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bonefeld
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hagedorn
authors.forename: Nannie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bangsgaard
authors.forename: Marianne B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Løvendorf
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Odum
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woetmann
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000009:adverse effects; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D003521:Cyclopropanes; D035683:MicroRNAs; C555159:MIRN142 microRNA, human; C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; C531950:MIRN21 microRNA, mouse; C525067:MIR223, human; C544877:MIRN223 microRNA, mouse; C529102:Mirn142 microRNA, mouse; C029402:diphenylcyclopropenone