title: Establishment of evaluation method to determine effects of veterinary medicinal products on manure fermentation using small-scale composting apparatus.
abstract: To evaluate on a laboratory scale the influence of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) excreted into feces on manure fermentation, we have developed an evaluation method that uses a small-scale composting apparatus. Each run is of approximately 3 kg scale and the operation can be conducted in an environmentally controlled laboratory. The main evaluation parameter is calorific value generated by aerobic fermentation. At the sulfadimethoxine (SDM) trial, the volume of CO(2) generated during fermentation and the disappearance of the inhibitory effect of immature manure on sprouting (using Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis)) were measured. In addition, DNA of 16S rRNA was extracted from a manure sample and subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results suggest that the presence of such VMPs in feces affected the microbial community in manure fermentation, and indicate that the evaluation method may be used as a standard method to evaluate the effect of VMPs on the microbial community. Using the method, we obtained data of the influence of five VMPs approved for stockbreeding in Japan on swine manure fermentation. Erythromycin (EM) affected the calorific value even at a relatively low concentration (105 mg/3 kg manure). In contrast, oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC), norfloxacin (NFLX), and tylosin tartrate (TS) had no effect at that concentration. These VMPs also affected the increase of fermentation temperature when added at high concentrations.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan. eguchi@nval.maff.go.jp
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otawa
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Nanae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007564:Japan; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D015645:Tylosin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D009643:Norfloxacin; D009584:Nitrogen; D010118:Oxytetracycline; D015645:Tylosin