title: Molecular epidemiology of dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran, a clinical and microbial survey.
abstract: In the framework of a survey on dermatophytoses, 14,619 clinical specimens taken from outpatients with symptoms suggestive of tinea and referred to a Medical Mycology laboratory in Tehran, Iran, were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. In total, 777 dermatophyte strains recovered in culture were randomly identified by a formerly established RFLP analysis method based on the rDNA ITS regions. For confirmation of species identification, 160 isolates representing the likely entire species spectrum were subjected to ITS-sequencing. Infection was confirmed in 5,175 collected samples (35.4%) by direct microscopy and/or culture. Tinea pedis was the most prevalent type of infection (43.4%), followed by tinea unguium (21.3%), tinea cruris (20.7%), tinea corporis (9.4%), tinea manuum (4.2%), tinea capitis (0.8%) and tinea faciei (0.2%). Trichophyton interdigitale was the most common isolate (40.5%) followed by T. rubrum (34.75%), Epidermophyton floccosum (15.6%), Microsporum canis (3.9%), T. tonsurans (3.5 %) and M. gypseum (0.5%). Other species included M. ferrugineum, T. erinacei, T. violaceum, T. schoenleinii, and a very rare species T. eriotrephon (each one 0.25%). The two strains of T. eriotrephon isolated from tinea manuum and tinea faciei are the second and third reported cases worldwide. Application of DNA-based methods is an important aid in monitoring trends in dermatophytosis in the community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezaei-Matehkolaei
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makimura
authors.forename: Sybren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Hoog
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shidfar
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaini
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.forename: Parvaneh Adimi
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Naghan
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirhendi
mesh_terms: D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004821:Epidermophyton / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008864:Microsporum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014005:Tinea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014006:Tinea Capitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014008:Tinea Pedis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer