title: Usefulness of material recovered from distal embolic protection devices after carotid angioplasty for proteomic studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the usefulness of biologic material obtained from distal embolic protection devices (DEPDs) used in carotid angioplasty for the study of atherosclerosis protein markers and to establish the effect of systemic inflammation on the protein expression of carotid atheromatous plaques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to study proteins obtained from debris captured in DEPDs from patients who underwent carotid angioplasty. In addition, protein expression obtained from angioplasty samples in patients with different types of systemic inflammation (measured by serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP] with a cutoff value of 3 mg/L) was compared. Finally, immunohistochemistry of atherosclerotic plaques obtained by endarterectomy was used to validate the results obtained using DEPDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proteomic studies were successfully performed using debris from DEPDs. Protein expression differences were found in debris from patients with high systemic inflammation compared with debris from patients with low systemic inflammation. Annexin A5 (ANXA5), haptoglobin precursor, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, transgelin-2 (TAGLN2), and bisphosphoglycerate mutase were upregulated in debris from patients with high systemic inflammation, and proteasome subunit 8 beta type and glutathione-S-transferase kappa 1 (GSTK1) levels were higher in debris from patients with low levels of systemic inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atherosclerotic plaque debris captured in DEPDs is a suitable and valid source of material for proteomic studies of atherosclerosis. Protein expression in DEPD debris is affected by systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cristobo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brea
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Yáñez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vivancos
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Natalia Pérez
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: de la Ossa
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pumar
authors.forename: Jerónimo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forteza
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001731:Bisphosphoglycerate Mutase / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D057505:Embolic Protection Devices; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C051615:transgelin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C487896:GSTK1 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C077436:LMP7 protein; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D001731:Bisphosphoglycerate Mutase