title: The effects of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio exposed to herbicide quinclorac (Facet®).
abstract: The occurrence of pollutants in the aquatic environment can produce severe toxic effects on non-target organisms, including fish. These sources of contamination are numerous and include herbicides, which represent a large group of toxic chemicals. Quinclorac, an herbicide widely applied in agriculture, induces oxidative stress due to free radical generation and changes in the antioxidant defense system. The aim of this study was to assess if dietary diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)₂ has a protective effect in tissues of fish species Cyprinus carpio exposed to the quinclorac herbicide. The fish were fed with either a standard or a diet containing 3.0 mg/Kg of diphenyl diselenide for 60 d. After were exposed to 1 mg/L of Facet® (quinclorac commercial formulation) for 192 h. At the end of the experimental period, parameters as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels (TBARS), protein carbonyl, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and ascorbic acid in the liver, gills, brain and muscle were evaluated in Cyprinus carpio. In fish exposed to quinclorac and feeding with standard diet TBARS levels increased in liver and gills. However, SOD activity decreases in liver whereas no alterations were observed in catalase activity in this tissue. Quinclorac also decrease GST activity in liver and brain, NPSH in brain and muscle and ascorbic acid in muscle. Concerning protein carbonyl exposed to herbicide the fish did not show any alterations. The diphenyl diselenide supplemented diet reversed these effects, preventing increases in TBARS levels in liver and gills. GST activity was recovered to control values in liver. NPSH levels in brain and muscle increased remain near to control values. These results indicated that dietary diphenyl diselenide protects tissues against quinclorac induced oxidative stress ameliorating the antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro de Menezes
authors.forename: Jossiele
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leitemperger
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lópes
authors.forename: Cátia Aline
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Veiverberg
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohrer Adaime
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Nilda Berenice
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Vargas Barbosa
authors.forename: Vania Lucia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Loro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D006540:Herbicides; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid