title: Normative nasalance data in Ugandan english-speaking children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to obtain normative nasalance values for typically developing Ugandan English-speaking children as a reference point for clinical practice and further research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine typically developing Ugandan children (35 males and 34 females, 2.7-13.5 years of age) participated in the study. Nasalance scores were obtained with the Nasometer while children repeated 4 sustained sounds, 14 repeated syllables, 15 sentences (12 oral, 3 nasal) and 2 texts ('Rainbow Passage' and 'Zoo Passage'). Data were analyzed for gender and age dependence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant effects of age or gender on nasalance values were obtained; hence, normative values for the overall group were reported. The average nasalance scores for Ugandan English-speaking children were 17 and 64% for the oral and nasal sentences and 33 and 14% for the oronasal and oral text, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normative values are important as a reference point to assess the impact of several surgical procedures and several surgical timing strategies on speech in Uganda.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Logopedic and Audiologic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luyten
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'haeseleer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galiwango
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Budolfsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeersch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Lierde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D010699:Phonation; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014454:Uganda; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D014833:Voice Quality