title: Consumption of a high monounsaturated fat diet reduces oxidative phosphorylation gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of abdominally overweight men and women.
abstract: The Mediterranean (MED) diet is often considered health-promoting due to its high content of MUFA and polyphenols. These bioactive compounds can affect gene expression and accordingly may regulate pathways and proteins related to cardiovascular disease prevention. This study aimed to identify the effects of a MED-type diet, and the replacement of SFA with MUFA in a Western-type diet, on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression and plasma proteins. Abdominally overweight men and women (waist: women ≥80 cm, men ≥94 cm) were allocated to an 8-wk, completely controlled SFA diet (19% daily energy as SFA), a MUFA diet (20% daily energy MUFA), or a MED diet (21% daily energy MUFA). Concentrations of 124 plasma proteins and PBMC whole-genome transcriptional profiles were assessed. Consumption of the MUFA and MED diets, compared with the SFA diet, decreased the expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes, plasma connective tissue growth factor, and apoB concentrations. Compared with the MED and SFA diets, the MUFA diet changed the expression of genes involved in B-cell receptor signaling and endocytosis signaling. Participants who consumed the MED diet had lower concentrations of proinflammatory proteins at 8 wk compared with baseline. We hypothesize that replacement of SFA with MUFA may improve health, thereby reducing metabolic stress and OXPHOS activity in PBMC. The MED diet may have additional antiatherogenic effects by lowering proinflammatory plasma proteins.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Edith J M
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feskens
authors.forename: Marieke B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Lisette C P G M
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Jeanne H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Afman
mesh_terms: D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D059467:Transcriptome; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor