title: Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract improves endurance capacity in mice by stimulating mitochondrial activity.
abstract: The beneficial effects of exercise on overall health make it desirable to identify the orally active agents that enhance the effects of exercise in an effort to cure metabolic diseases. Natural compounds such as resveratrol (RSV) are known to increase endurance by potentiating mitochondrial function. Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract (KME) has characteristics similar to those of RSV. In the present study, we determined whether KME could increase mitochondrial activity and exert an anti-fatigue effect. We found that KME treatment significantly increased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in L6 cells and increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), two major regulators of mitochondria function, in C2C12 cells. In the treadmill test, KME-treated mice could run 2.5-times longer than chow-fed control mice. Additionally, plasma lactate levels of exhausted mice were significantly lower in the KME-treated group. In addition, the swimming time to exhaustion of mice treated with KME was prolonged by as much as 212% in the forced-swim test. Liver and kidney histology was similar between the KME-treated and phosphate-buffered saline-treated animals, indicating that KME was nontoxic. Taken together, our data show that KME induces mitochondrial activity, possibly by activating PGC-1α and SIRT1, and improves the endurance of mice, strongly suggesting that KME has great potential as a novel mitochondria-activating agent.
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Food Sciences, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoe-Yune
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: An-Na
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hyo-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu-Dae
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In-Bo
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung-Shim
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Baek-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chun-Hyung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005221:Fatigue / Q000517:prevention & control; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors; D028182:Viscum album
chemical_list: D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019344:Lactic Acid; D056564:Sirtuin 1