title: Resilience as a positive youth development construct: a conceptual review.
abstract: The concept of resilience is reviewed from a range of disciplinary perspectives in this paper. Both broad and narrow definitions of resilience are highlighted and a working definition of resilience is proposed to inform research, policy and practice. Different psychological, social and ecological protective factors, particularly competence, optimism, and bonding to family and cultural beliefs are highlighted. Theoretical relationships between resilience and positive youth development are examined with an attempt to erase misunderstandings. Finally, how schools can promote resilience among students is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Social Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Tak Yan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chau Kiu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Wai Man
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kwong
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003469:Culture; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009769:Object Attachment; D012931:Social Environment