title: Haplotype analysis of ESR2 in Japanese patients with spermatogenic failure.
abstract: The prevalence of spermatogenic failure (SF) has gradually increased during the past few decades at least in several countries. Although multiple factors would be involved in this phenomenon, one important factor would be excessive estrogen effects via estrogen receptors (ERs). Thus, we performed haplotype analysis of ESR2 encoding ERβ in 125 Japanese SF patients and 119 age-matched control males, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 1-9 that are widely distributed on the ~120-kb genomic sequence of ESR2. Consequently, a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block was detected in an ~60-kb region encompassing SNPs 2-7 in both groups, and four major estimated haplotypes were identified within the LD block. Furthermore, the most prevalent 'TGTAGA' haplotype was found to be significantly associated with SF, with the P-value obtained by the Cochran-Armitage trend test (0.0029) being lower than that obtained by a 100 000-times permutation test (0.0038) to cope with the problem of multiple comparisons. The results, in conjunction with our previous data indicating lack of a susceptibility factor on ESR1 encoding ERα, imply that the specific 'TGTAGA' haplotype of ESR2 raises the susceptibility to the development of SF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. tomogata@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Atsumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D013091:Spermatogenesis
chemical_list: D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta