title: Marginal accuracy of three implant-ceramic abutment configurations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microgaps at the implant-abutment interface allow for microbial colonization, which can lead to peri-implant tissue inflammation. This study sought to determine the marginal accuracy of three different implant-zirconium oxide (zirconia) abutment configurations and one implant?titanium abutment configuration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three combinations of implants with custom-made zirconia abutments were analyzed (n = 5/group): NobelProcera abutments/titanium inserts on Replace Select Tapered TiUnite implants (Nobel Biocare) (NP); Encode abutments/NanoTite Tapered Certain implants (Biomet 3i) (B3i); Astra Tech Dental Atlantis abutments/Biomet 3i NanoTite Tapered Certain implants (At). Five custom-made Encode titanium abutments/NanoTite Tapered Certain implants (Ti) were used as a control group. All abutments were fabricated with computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture. One-hundred twenty vertical gap measurements were made per sample using scanning electron microscopy (15 scans x 4 aspects of each specimen [buccal, mesial, palatal, distal] x 2 measurements). Analysis of variance was used to compare the marginal fit values among the four groups, the specimens within each group, and the four aspects of each specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (± standard deviation) gap values were 8.4 ± 5.6 Μm (NP), 5.7 ± 1.9 Μm (B3i), 11.8 ± 2.6 Μm (At), and 1.6 ± 0.5 Μm (Ti). A significant difference was found between B3i and At. No difference resulted between NP with the other two groups. Gap values were significantly smaller for Ti relative to all zirconia systems. For each ceramic abutment configuration, the fit was significantly different among the five specimens. For 12 of the 15 ceramic abutment specimens, gap values sorted by aspect were significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implant?titanium abutment connection showed significantly better fit than all implant?zirconia abutment configurations, which demonstrated mean gaps that were approximately three to seven times larger than those in the titanium abutment system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baldassarri
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hjerppe
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fickl
authors.forename: Van P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Christian F J
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Stappert
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003722:Dental Alloys; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D003763:Dental Leakage; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D061827:Dimensional Measurement Accuracy; D006801:Humans; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide