title: [Periprocedural and late complications after percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale: a single centre experience].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a potential risk factor for ischaemic stroke in young individuals. An interventional method of secondary stroke prevention in PFO patients is its percutaneous closure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess safety and effectiveness (i.e. lack of residual shunt) of percutaneous PFO closure in patients with history of cryptogenic cerebrovascular event.
  
  
  METHODS
  149 patients (56 men/93 women), aged 39 ± 12 years, underwent percutaneous PFO closure. The implantation was performed under local anaesthesia, guided by trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy. Follow-up trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed at 1 month and follow-up TEE at 6-months. In cases of residual shunt, additional TEE was performed after ensuing 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effective PFO closure (no residual shunt) was achieved in 91.3% patients at 6 months and 95.3% patients at 12 months. In 2 patients transient atrial fibrillation was observed during the procedure. In 2 patients, a puncture site haematoma developed and in 1 patient superficial thrombophlebitis was noted. In 1 patient a small pericardial effusion was observed, which resolved at day 3 post-procedurally, after administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous PFO closure seems to be a safe procedure when performed in a centre with adequate expertise with regard to these procedures.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. pweglarz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Węglarz
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Konarska Kuszewska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spisak Borowska
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machowski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drzewiecka-Gerber
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuszewski
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opala
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trusz Gluza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult