title: Seminal plasma proteins in prostatic carcinoma: increased nuclear semenogelin I expression is a predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: Semenogelins and eppin are seminal plasma proteins that form a complex and inhibit sperm motility. However, the role of these proteins in prostate cancer is poorly understood. We immunohistochemically stained for semenogelins I and II and eppin in 291 radical prostatectomy specimens. We then evaluated the association between their expressions in nuclei, cytoplasms, or intraluminal secretions of benign/high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma cells and clinicopathologic profile available for our patient cohort. Stains were positive in 32%/77%/84% (nuclear semenogelin I), 87%/94%/84% (nuclear semenogelin II), 56%/64%/37% (nuclear eppin), 7%/15%/11% (cytoplasmic semenogelin I), 6%/11%/9% (cytoplasmic semenogelin II), 68%/74%/95% (cytoplasmic eppin), 97%/98%/13% (secreted semenogelin I), 98%/97%/11% (secreted semenogelin II), and 97%/98%/48% (secreted eppin) of benign/prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma, respectively. The levels of nuclear semenogelin I/cytoplasmic eppin were significantly higher in carcinoma than in benign (P<.001/P<.001) or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (P<.001/P<.001) and in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia than in benign (P<.001/P=.006). Significantly higher nuclear semenogelin II expression was found in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia than in benign (P<.001) or carcinoma (P<.001). Significantly lower nuclear eppin expression was seen in carcinoma than in benign (P<.001) or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (P<.001). Secreted semenogelin I, secreted semenogelin II, and secreted eppin were all significantly lower in carcinoma than in benign (P<.001) or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (P<.001). There were no statistically significant correlations between each stain and clinicopathologic features except significantly lower nuclear eppin expression in Gleason score 8 or higher tumors. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests further revealed that patients with nuclear semenogelin I-positive tumor had a significantly higher risk for biochemical recurrence (P=.046). Multivariate Cox model showed a trend toward significance (P=.093) in nuclear semenogelin I positivity as an independent predictor for recurrence. These results suggest that nuclear semenogelin I expression could be a reliable prognosticator in men who undergo radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yichun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gordetsky
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011468:Prostatectomy; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D029607:Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C431553:Eppin protein, human; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; D029607:Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins; C424482:seminal vesicle-specific antigen