title: Comparison of transcutaneous contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided injected hemostatic agents with traditional surgery treatment for liver, spleen and kidney trauma: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is lack of studies on the effectiveness of transcutaneous contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided injections of hemostatic agents for liver. spleen and kidney trauma. We compared treatment by hemostatic agents to surgical treatment in a retrospective interventional human study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled a total of 135 subjects from emergency unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing. Within the cohort, 62 patients received contrast enhanced ultrasound-guided injection of hemostatic agents and the rest received surgical treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injury severity score was lower in the hemostatic agent treatment group than surgical treatment group (p<0.05), but Glasgow coma scale scores did not reach statistical significance. The patients in the surgical treatment group had significantly higher hospital fees than those in the hemostatic treatment group (p<0.05), although the length of hospitalization did not significantly differ between two groups. Safety outcome variables pre- and post-treatment remained within normal limits in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemostatic agents were more cost-effective than surgery to treat patients with liver, spleen and kidney trauma. However, given the limited sample size, subsequent studies drawing upon larger populations from multiple medical centers are necessary for follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Faqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Lichun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Junlai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jiangke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Weiyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D003287:Contrast Media; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D007902:Length of Stay; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006490:Hemostatics; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride