title: Pre-dinner administration increases the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors on refractory GERD symptoms in connective tissue disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A significant proportion of patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) have gastric esophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms despite receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Although pre-meal administration of PPIs is recommended in Western countries, the benefit of this administration timing in Japanese CTD patients with refractory GERD symptoms has not been proven.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pre-dinner administration of PPIs is more efficacious for refractory GERD symptoms in Japanese CTD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  CTD patients receiving oral PPIs were instructed to take PPIs 1 h before dinner. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated with frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG) and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) before and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-dinner administration of PPIs significantly improved FSSG total score, from a median of 8 to 6.5 (P = 0.005). Pre-dinner administration was more effective in patients with overt GERD symptoms (from median 18 to 10, P < 0.001) than in those with mild GERD symptoms (from median 2 to 2, P = 0.201). In addition to reflux syndrome, pre-dinner administration of PPIs significantly decreased abdominal pain syndrome and constipation syndrome of GSRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-dinner administration of PPIs may increase their efficacy in Japanese CTD patients with GERD, especially those with overt symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. ari-iwata@hospital.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Arifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takatori
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanayama
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors