title: Are children born after infertility treatment at increased risk of retinoblastoma?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most frequent eye tumour in children, with an incidence of 1 in 15-20,000 births. It accounts for 11% of all cancers in the first year of life. Except for the hereditary forms, its causes are not well-known. Studies have recently suggested an increased risk of RB among children born after IVF, but the relevant literature is sparse. We assessed the association between infertility treatment, subfertility and RB.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all children living in France diagnosed with RB between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2006 at the Institut Curie, the national reference centre for RB diagnosis and treatment. We used multiple logistic regression to compare them with a national sample of births in France in 1998 and 2003 (n = 28 170).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 244 non-familial RB cases. The risk of RB increased with maternal age [adjusted odds ratio (adj OR) = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-3.22 at 35-39 years compared with younger than 25 years and adj OR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.22-4.81 at 40 years or older], but the associations with IVF (adj OR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.64-2.95) and ovarian stimulation or intrauterine insemination (adj OR = 1.35, 95% CI 0.77-2.38) were not statistically significant after adjustment for maternal age and tobacco use. Among women who had no infertility treatment, the risk of RB was significantly increased when time to pregnancy exceeded 24 months (adj OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.17-3.48) compared with time to pregnancy ≤ 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study did not observe a significantly increased risk of RB associated with infertility treatment, in particular with IVF. But we did find an increased risk for women for whom time to pregnancy exceeded 24 months.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U953, Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, F-94807 Villejuif, France. laurencefoix@hotmail.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foix-L'Hélias
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lumbroso-Le Rouic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauthier-Villars
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Labrune
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouyer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminski
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D012306:Risk