title: Counseling nondaily smokers about secondhand smoke as a cessation message: a pilot randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nondaily smoking represents a substantial and growing fraction of smokers, many of whom do not consider themselves smokers or at risk of tobacco-related diseases and, so, may be less responsive to counseling content contained in traditional cessation interventions. This study compares the effects brief counseling interventions (<20 min) focused on the harm smoking does to themselves (harm to self, HTS) versus the harm their secondhand smoke (SHS) does to others (harm to others, HTO) among nondaily smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trial of 52 nondaily smokers (smoked in the past week, but not daily) recruited between September 2009 and June 2010; 40 completed the study. We measured changes in motivation and smoking status at 3 months postintervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a difference in quitting between the two groups, with 9.5% (2 out of 21) for HTS and 36.8% (7 out of 19) for HTO subjects reporting not smoking any cigarettes in the prior week (p = .06 by Fisher exact test and .035 by likelihood-ratio chi-square). Motivation and self-efficacy increased from baseline to 3-month follow-up, but not differentially by intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with findings from research conducted by the tobacco industry as early as the 1970s that concluded that social smokers feel immune from the personal health effects of tobacco but are concerned about the consequences of their SHS on others, educating nondaily smokers about the dangers of SHS to others appears to be a more powerful cessation message than traditional smoking cessation counseling that emphasizes the harmful consequences to the smoker.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schane
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Prochaska
authors.forename: Stanton A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Glantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012495:San Francisco; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution