title: Short sleep duration and increased risk of hypertension:  a primary care medicine investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compelling evidence from laboratory-based and population-based studies link sleep loss to negative cardiovascular health outcomes. However, little is known about the association between sleep duration and hypertension in primary care health settings, independently of other well controlled clinical and biochemical characteristics. We investigated the association between sleep duration and the prevalence of hypertension adjusting for 21 potential confounding factors in a noncontrolled primary care sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 1046 French adults older than 40 years (mean age, 55.5 years), who visited any of the general practitioners of primary care centers in the Paris area. Blood pressure (BP) readings, blood samples and standardized health and sleep questionnaires were performed on each participant. Hypertension inclusion criteria were either high BP measurements (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) or the use of antihypertensive medications. Sleep duration was recorded as the self-reported average number of hours of sleep per night during the week. Logistic regressions were performed to test the association between hypertension and sleep duration adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, lifestyle, psychological and sleep disorder covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the group sleeping 7 h, individuals sleeping 5 h or less had an increased odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of hypertension [OR = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (1.06-3.05)], after adjusting for 21 potential confounders which did not markedly attenuate this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide further epidemiologic evidence that with no specific selection in primary care medicine, usual short-sleep duration increases the risk of hypertension prevalence in adults over 40 years.
authors.affiliation: Centre du sommeil et de vigilance, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Brice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faraut
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Touchette
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Royant-Parola
authors.forename: Michel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Safar
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Varsat
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Léger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires