title: European registry of babies born to mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe the long-term outcome and immunological status of children born to mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome, to determine the factors responsible for childhood abnormalities, and to correlate the child's immunological profile with their mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective follow-up of a European multicentre cohort was conducted. The follow-up consisted of clinical examination, growth data, neurodevelopmental milestones and antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) screening. Children were examined at 3, 9, 24 months and 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  134 children were analysed (female sex in 65 cases, birth weight 3000±500 g, height 48±3 cm). Sixteen per cent had a preterm birth (<37 weeks; n=22), and 14% weighted less than 2500 g at birth (n=19). Neonatal complications were noted in 18 cases (13%), with five infections (4%). During the 5-year follow-up, no thrombosis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was noted. Four children displayed behavioural abnormalities, which consisted of autism, hyperactive behaviour, feeding disorder with language delay and axial hypotony with psychomotor delay. At birth lupus anticoagulant was present in four (4%), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) IgG in 18 (16%), anti-β(2) glycoprotein-I (anti-β2GPI) IgG/M in 16 (15%) and three (3%), respectively. ACL IgG and anti-β2GPI disappeared at 6 months in nine (17%) and nine (18%), whereas APL persisted in 10% of children. ACL and anti-β2GPI IgG were correlated with the same mother's antibodies before 6 months of age (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the presence of APL in children, thrombosis or SLE were not observed. The presence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities seems to be more important in these children, and could justify long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, Université Paris 13, AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, 93140 Bondy, France. arsene.mekinian@jvr.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Arsene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mekinian
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lachassinne
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicaise-Roland
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carbillon
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicaut
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boinot
authors.forename: Tadej
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Avcin
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Letoumelin
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Carolis
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rovere-Querini
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derenne
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pourrat
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stirnemann
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chollet-Martin
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biasini-Rebaioli
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rovelli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lojacono
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ambrozic
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botta
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benbara
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nuzzo
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Hatron
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tincani
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fain
authors.forename: Marie-Helene
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aurousseau
authors.forename: Marie-Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boffa
mesh_terms: D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012042:Registries