title: Mass spectrometric QUAL/QUAN approaches for drug metabolism and metabolomics.
abstract: A liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry platform was used for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative (QUAL/QUAN) acquisition, enabling drug metabolism and metabolomics investi- gations. Plasma study samples were monitored for three different groups of patients  at a single time-point (1 h after drug administration): one group received acetaminophen (APAP), one group received both APAP and ketorolac and one group was a control group. The quantification of APAP and two of its metabolites (APAP-glucuronide and APAP-cysteine) was performed on a fast  acquisition quadrupole-Time-Of-Flight (50-100 ms duty cycle, resolving power of 30,000) compatible with UHPLC time constraints. High-resolution Selected Reaction Monitoring was used for quantification of APAP and its metabolites from 50-10,000 ng/mL using a 50 μL plasma  aliquot. Average measured concentrations were for APAP 6,650 ng/mL vs 6,160 ng/mL, APAP-CYS concentrations were 154.2 ng/mL vs 140.6 ng/mL and APAP-GLU concentrations 8,750 ng/mL vs 8,430 ng/mL between the group that received only APAP (n = 11) and the group that received APAP in combination  with ketorolac (n = 11). No major differences were observed between the two groups of patients, as it would be expected due to the differing metabolism pathway for both substances. For the qualitative aspect, a metabolomics data processing platform with biological QC samples was applied to  the study samples to search for unanticipated metabolites and biomarkers related to APAP and ketorolac metabolism. Multivariate analysis (i.e. Principle Component Analysis), variables grouping tools (i.e. PCVG) and high-resolution MS(/MS) spectra from the MS(ALL) acquisition  strategy enabled the profiling and characterization of circulating metabolites of APAP in plasma such as APAP-sulfate, APAP-mercapturate as well as ketorolac.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tonoli
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varesio
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hopfgartner
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D055432:Metabolomics; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010919:Placebos; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010919:Placebos; D000082:Acetaminophen; D020910:Ketorolac