title: Recombinant human erythropoietin reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor and ameliorates pro-inflammatory responses following trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  sBesides its hematopoietic effects, erythropoietin (EPO) by mobilization of iron and modulation of some inflammatory cytokines has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these effects of erythropoietin and its impact on organ function in traumatized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six ICU-admitted traumatized patients within 24 hrs after trauma were randomly assigned to the EPO (received EPO, 300 units/Kg/day) and Control (not received EPO) groups. The inflammatory biomarkers including Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 (IL-1), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and Nitrotyrosine were recorded at the admission, 3, 6 and 9 days thereafter. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 12 patients (EPO group) TNF-α level at the day of 9 (P=0.046), and within EPO group at the days of 3 (P=0.026 ameliorate), 6 (P=0.016), and 9 (P=0.052) were significantly lowered. Level of IL-1 and PAI-1 decreased significantly at days of 3, 6 and 9 post intervention. Also there were significant differences between two groups in the SOFA score during three measured time intervals (the first, third and seventh days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the results of this study it seems that injection of erythrocyte stimulating agent is well tolerated and inhibits the inflammatory response and oxidative stress following trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiehmorteza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nayebpour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamishehkar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pazoki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojtahedzadeh