title: Genetic variation in the neuropeptide Y gene promoter is associated with increased risk of tobacco smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a strong candidate gene regarding the pathophysiology of tobacco dependence. It has been associated with various addictive and psychiatric disorders, and closely interacts with the brain reward system. The aim of the present study was to test for association between a functional genetic variant in the NP-Y promoter gene (SNP rs16147) and tobacco smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based case-control multicenter study designed for tobacco addiction research, a total of 550 Caucasian current smokers, and 544 never-smokers were genotyped for SNP rs16147 and behaviorally characterized with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with TT genotype of the SNP rs16147 were significantly more frequently smokers than never-smokers (p = 0.046). In addition, TT genotype exhibited increased state anxiety scores compared to carriers of the C allele (p = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide evidence for an involvement of the functionally relevant SNP rs16147 in the pathophysiology of tobacco dependence. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. jochen.mutschler@puk.zh.ch
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mutschler
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von der Goltz
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dinter
authors.forename: Arian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobascher
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz-Lacava
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahmen
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Majic
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrovsky
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornhuber
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thuerauf
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gründer
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brinkmeyer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wienker
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winterer
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiefer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001007:Anxiety / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y