title: The significance of fragile histidine triad protein as a molecular prognostic marker of bladder urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role and clinical significance of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in the pathogenesis of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) and the potential of Fhit protein as a prognostic biomarker for UC were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  FHIT expression was determined  according to semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining for Fhit protein levels in normal bladder and bladder UC tissues. Associations between FHIT expression, clinicopathological features and survival were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study evaluated 42 cases of normal bladder and 125  cases of bladder UC; bladder UC cases had a median follow-up of 53.5 months. Immuno histochemistry showed that 95.2% of normal cases and 47.2% of bladder UC cases, respectively, were positive for Fhit protein; this difference was statistically significant. There was a significant association  between negative FHIT expression in bladder UC and advanced tumour stage, high pathological grade, large tumour size, tumour recurrence and reduced survival time, but no association with age, gender, tumour number or tumour shape.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FHIT gene may have an important  role in the pathogenesis of bladder UC and was expressed at lower levels in bladder UC compared with normal bladder tissue. Using Fhit protein as a biomarker could provide important information about patient prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: P Z
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
chemical_list: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase