title: Invasive aspergillosis: adjunctive combination therapy.
abstract: Invasive aspergillosis remains a serious opportunistic fungal infection particularly in patients with a reduced immune defense such as those with hematological malignancies or transplant recipients. The mortality of invasive infections due to Aspergillus spp. is still high. The main reasons for this are the difficulty in diagnosing of these infections and the limited efficacy of antifungal agents. There is no optimal therapy for invasive aspergillosis, and therefore many clinicians have attempted to utilize a combination approach to improve outcomes. The current antifungal classes of drugs targeting the cell wall and cell membrane may need adjunctive agents focused on separate cellular pathways that can be used in combination therapy to maximize the efficacy, a valuable alternative to the monotherapy. The endeavor of this article is to review the literature on combination therapy by using adjunctive agents against Aspergillus spp and assess its eventual usability in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sonam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruhil
authors.forename: Meenakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balhara
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhankhar
authors.forename: Vikash
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chhillar
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000502:physiology; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D019703:Calcineurin