title: Can heat and cold be parameterized? Clinical data of a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether it is possible to objectively assess the effects of acupuncture by microcirculation-related parameters in the given clinical scenario, to evaluate the significance of the status of capillary perfusion prior to acupuncture for the treatment of a clinical cold pattern, and to evaluate the possible role of microcirculation-related parameters for the future parameterization of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, uncontrolled, unblinded preliminary clinical trial included 32 elderly patients after surgical treatment for femoral fractures. For acupuncture treatment the patients received acupuncture with the "leopard spot technique" on the stomach meridian (Liangqiu, S34/ST34). Measurements of microcirculation-related parameters (velocity, blood flow, haemoglobin, oxygen saturation) by white light spectroscopy and laser Doppler were performed prior to and after acupuncture treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two subgroups of patients after femur fracture could be identified: a low- and a high-perfusion group. Capillary flow velocity and blood flow were significantly augmented by acupuncture in the low-perfusion group only. In the high-perfusion group, there was no significant change of perfusion after acupuncture. The statistical analysis of all patients regardless of their pre-acupuncture perfusion status revealed no statistically significant alteration after acupuncture. The acupuncture effect may have been masked by the inhomogeneity of the overall group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microcirculation-related parameters may be valuable to measure acupuncture effects objectively and to characterize the vegetative functions prior to acupuncture so as to homogenize the comparison groups in clinical trials. In our example, a local cold pattern (low capillary perfusion of the leg) could be treated successfully by a point which enhances qi and blood flow, whereas in heat pattern (high capillary perfusion) this intervention had no such effect. Future studies may be directed to correlate the vegetative status as measurable by TCM vegetative parameters with the key symptoms of TCM diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Doenitz
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anjos
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Efferth
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greten
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Greten
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D016740:Meridians; D008833:Microcirculation; D011446:Prospective Studies