title: Mechanically induced amorphization of drugs: a study of the thermal behavior of cryomilled compounds.
abstract: The purpose of this work was to determine what aspect of the milled compound influences its thermal profile. For this, six different compounds with different properties were chosen and cryomilled for different times to get an amorphous solid. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction were used to characterize the material and look at the thermal behavior. Melt-quenched samples were also prepared, and the thermal profile upon milling was determined and correlated with the thermal behavior of the cryomilled samples. Growth rates were determined by hot-stage microscopy. Ketoconazole, when cryomilled, showed only one crystallization exotherm in the DSC profile. Ursodiol, and to some extent indomethacin, initially showed a double exotherm which eventually become a single exotherm on further milling. Griseofulvin, carbamazepine, and piroxicam exhibited a double exotherm in the DSC profile upon cryomilling to the amorphous state. Surface crystal growth rates around T                         (g) were found to be highest for compounds showing the double exotherm in the DSC. Thus, it was seen that compounds which have high surface crystallization tendency will exhibit the double exotherm during heating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. ntrasi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Niraj S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Trasi
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Byrn
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003460:Crystallization; D004055:Differential Thermal Analysis / Q000379:methods; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations