title: Parameters of lengthened sacroiliac screw fixation: a radiological anatomy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide the anatomical basis for the feasibility and clinical practice of lengthened sacroiliac screw fixation, by measuring various related indicators of the safe insertion regions of S1 and S2 lengthened sacroiliac screws.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 66 healthy pelvises of adults were scanned by 64-slice spiral CT and the length, width and height of the safe insertion regions for S1 and S2 lengthened sacroiliac screw were measured. The safe screw entrance point locations were described with a quantitative method. The indicators were recorded by descriptive statistics and the statistics of left and right sides, segments of S1 and S2, and different layers (including top, middle and bottom parts) of S1 and S2 were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lengths of ilium within the safe insertion regions for lengthened screws are more than 16 mm. The width and height of the safe insertion region of S1 and S2 are almost all more than 7.3 mm. Generally, the width and height of S1 are larger than those of S2. The reference ranges of the best/safest entrance point locations of lengthened sacroiliac screws are as follows-S1: 42.21-63.69 mm in front of posterior superior iliac spine, 32.77-53.75 mm above the highest point of the greater sciatic notch; S2: 22.68-54.28 mm in front of posterior superior iliac spine, 14.06-33.70 mm above the highest point of the greater sciatic notch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) There is anatomical feasibility for the placements of S1 and S2 lengthened sacroiliac screws. (2) φ 7.3-mm partial thread cannulated screw (thread length 16 mm) and φ 6.5-mm partial thread cancellous screw(thread length 16 mm) can be used as lengthened sacroiliac lag screw. (3) The safe insertion space of S1 is larger than that of S2. (4) There is safe space for placement of at least one piece of lengthened sacroiliac screw in both S1 and S2. (5) The best/safest entrance points of S1 and S2 can be approximately located with anatomical landmarks.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics Department, Yantai Shan Hospital, 91#, Jiefang Road, Yantai, 264008, People's Republic of China. nihaoedde@126.com
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D012447:Sacrum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D055815:Young Adult