title: Fetal gyrification in cynomolgus monkeys: a concept of developmental stages of gyrification.
abstract: Our article summarizes a series of studies about fetal gyrification and its relation to cerebral growth in cynomolgus monkeys. Based on the cerebral growth (i.e., brain weight, cerebral volume, and frontooccipital length of the cerebral hemisphere) and the developmental pattern of gyrification in each sulcus of cynomolgus monkeys, we divided the gyrification process into four stages: Stage 1. Demarcation of cerebral lobes and limbic gyri; Stage 2. Demarcation of neocortical gyri; Stage 3. Emergence of secondary and tertiary sulci; and Stage 4. Growth of sulcal length and depth. Each stage of those gyrification processes was influenced by different developmental events, such as the emergence of corticocortical long-associative fiber tracts, cortical maturations, and subcortical white-matter development. This is the first report to systematically propose gyrification processes closely related to the order of phyologenetical development of the cerebral cortex in primates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan. k-sawada@tius-hs.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukunishi
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Shigeyoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakata-Haga
authors.forename: Ichio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis