title: In vivo validation of the unified BARGE method to assess the bioaccessibility of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, and lead in soils.
abstract: The relative bioavailability of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, and lead for the ingestion pathway was measured in 16 soils contaminated by either smelting or mining activities using a juvenile swine model. The soils contained 18 to 25,000 mg kg(-1) As, 18 to 60,000 mg kg(-1) Sb, 20 to 184 mg kg(-1) Cd, and 1460 to 40,214 mg kg(-1) Pb. The bioavailability in the soils was measured in kidney, liver, bone, and urine relative to soluble salts of the four elements. The variety of soil types, the total concentrations of the elements, and the range of bioavailabilities found were considered to be suitable for calibrating the in vitro Unified BARGE bioaccessibility method. The bioaccessibility test has been developed by the BioAccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) and is known as the Unified BARGE Method (UBM). The study looked at four end points from the in vivo measurements and two compartments in the in vitro study ("stomach" and "stomach and intestine"). Using benchmark criteria for assessing the "fitness for purpose" of the UBM bioaccessibility data to act as an analogue for bioavailability in risk assessment, the study shows that the UBM met criteria on repeatability (median relative standard deviation value <10%) and the regression statistics (slope 0.8 to 1.2 and r-square > 0.6) for As, Cd, and Pb. The data suggest a small bias in the UBM relative bioaccessibility of As and Pb compared to the relative bioavailability measurements of 3% and 5% respectively. Sb did not meet the criteria due to the small range of bioaccessibility values found in the samples.
authors.affiliation: URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Nancy Université, INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye BP172, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. sebastien.denys@anses.fr
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denys
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caboche
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tack
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rychen
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wragg
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jondreville
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000965:Antimony / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D001682:Biological Availability; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005060:Europe; D006262:Health; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D000965:Antimony; D001151:Arsenic