title: Hospital all-risk emergency preparedness in Ghana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper assessed the emergency preparedness programs of health facilities for all-risks but focused on Road Traffic Accidents, (RTA) resulting in surge demand. It adopted W. H. O checklist covering hospital preparedness, equipment, manpower and surge capacity planning as best practices for the mitigation of public health emergencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study of purposively selected health facilities. The method used consisted of site visit, questionnaire survey, literature and internet review. The W. H. O. standard for emergency preparedness of health facilities was used to evaluate and assess the nation's hospitals surge capacity programs. The study was conducted between March-June, 2010. A total of 22 district and regional health facilities including teaching hospitals participated in the study. All 10 regions of the country were covered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These were: (1) many of the nation's hospitals were not prepared for large RTA's resulting in surge demands, and did not possess general emergency preparedness programs. (2) The hospitals' respective abilities to handle large scale RTA's were compromised by the lack of competent medical and allied health personnel and adequate supplies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inadequacies of the hospital system in responding to emergencies raise serious public health concerns. The biggest challenge facing the hospitals in their emergency intervention is the lack of pre-emergency and emergency preparedness plans as well as the coordination of the hospitals response mechanisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper ended with recommendations on how the nation's hospitals and their supervisory agencies could improve emergency preparedness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, LG 13 Legon Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aikins
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Binka
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nyarko
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D002056:Burns / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000592:standards*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D005869:Ghana; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D055872:Surge Capacity / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014218:Triage / Q000592:standards*