title: Genotyping of urinary samples stored with EDTA for  forensic applications.
abstract: Individual identification of urinary samples is  necessary when sample switching or handling are suspected during a judicial  process. To improve the rate of successful genotyping of urinary samples, we  examined the stability of DNA in urinary samples stored for up to 30 days.  Urinary samples from 20 healthy individuals (10 males and 10 females) were  stored at -80°C with different concentrations of EDTA (0, 10 and 40 mM).  Urinary DNA was extracted at days 0, 3, 9, and 30 after collection. The  Quantifiler Human DNA Quantification Kit was used for measuring DNA  concentration. Twenty STR loci were co-amplified using amelogenin-specific PCR  with the Goldeneye 20A Kit. Significant differences in DNA concentration were  observed between samples from females and males. In the case of female urinary DNA  preservation with 10 and 40 mM EDTA the mean detection rate reached 0.95 after  up to 30 days; for the male urinary samples, the mean detection rate of urinary  DNA preserved with 40 mM EDTA was significantly higher than with 10 mM. We  concluded that 40 mM EDTA is the best concentration for preservation of the DNA  in urinary samples.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D053803:Forensic Genetics / Q000379:methods*; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004492:Edetic Acid