title: Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling in activity-related proliferation of adult hippocampal neural stem cells.
abstract: Adult hippocampal neural stem cells can be activated by hippocampal neural activities. When focal cerebral ischemia, known as middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), occurs, neural stem cells are activated to promote their proliferation. However, the mechanism by which these cells are activated is still unclear. Here, we indicate the involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) signaling in neural stem cells in their activity-related proliferation after MCAO. We found mGluR5 molecules on neural stem cells by using calcium imaging. We detected the activation of neural stem cells by adding the mGluR5 agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine. On a hippocampal slice, the activation of neural stem cells to promote their proliferation was initiated by theta-burst electrical stimulation at the perforant pathway, and this activation was significantly blocked by an mGluR5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP). In addition to this, the injection of the blood-brain barrier-permeable mGluR5 agonist 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide into live mice promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells. Moreover, in vivo theta-burst electrical stimulation induced proliferation of neural stem cells. A chronic field recording study showed that the activity of the hippocampal formation was elevated after MCAO. Finally, we observed that the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP significantly blocked the stimulated proliferation of neural stem cells induced by MCAO, by blocking mGluR5 signaling. Our results suggest that glutamates released by the elevated neural activities after MCAO may trigger mGluR5 signaling in neural stem cells to promote their proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Bioscience Bldg 402, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Rokuya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nochi
authors.forename: Tomomasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itou
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terazono
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matani
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanatani
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisatsune
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013826:Theta Rhythm
chemical_list: C107349:2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine; C494553:3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide; D001549:Benzamides; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; C578936:Grm5 protein, mouse; D010648:Phenylacetates; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C121465:6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine; D005998:Glycine