title: Otolaryngologic manifestations of skeletal dysplasias in children.
abstract: This article reviews some of the otolaryngologic manifestations of skeletal dysplasias. Achondroplasia is discussed most comprehensively. Skeletal dysplasias are bone and cartilage disorders that disrupt the development of the long bones, craniofacial skeleton, and vertebral column, with the most notable characteristic being short stature. Children with skeletal dysplasias have various medical problems. These children often develop head and neck manifestations of their disorders. Hearing loss, middle ear disease, and respiratory difficulties are seen in these children. Otolaryngologists must be knowledgeable about these disorders to diagnose, treat, and appropriately refer children with skeletal dysplasias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyford-Pike
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoover-Fong
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Tunkel
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000758:Anesthesia; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003939:Diagnostic Techniques, Otological; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015619:Respiratory System Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D013068:Speech Production Measurement