title: Dysfunctional cognitions and their emotional, behavioral, and functional correlates in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): is the cognitive-behavioral model valid?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of dysfunctional cognitions in adults with ADHD and to determine whether these cognitions are associated with emotional symptoms, maladaptive coping, and functional impairment, as predicted by the cognitive-behavioral model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 adult participants with ADHD, 20 nonclinical controls, and 20 non-ADHD clinical controls were assessed with measures of ADHD symptoms, dysfunctional cognitions, depression and anxiety symptoms, coping strategies, and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADHD group showed elevated scores of dysfunctional cognitions relative to nonclinical control group and comparable with clinical control group. Dysfunctional cognitions were strongly associated with emotional symptoms. ADHD group also showed elevated scores in maladaptive coping strategies of the escape-avoidance type. Life impairment was satisfactorily predicted in data analysis when ADHD symptoms, dysfunctional cognitions, and emotional symptoms were fitted into a regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive-behavioral therapy model appears to be a valid complementary model for understanding emotional and life impairment in adults with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina ftorrente@ineco.org.ar.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torrente
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvarez Prado
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kichic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cetkovich-Bakmas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lischinsky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Facundo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires