title: Application of ionic liquids in the microwave-assisted extraction of proanthocyanidins from Larix gmelini bark.
abstract: Ionic liquid based, microwave-assisted extraction (ILMAE) was successfully applied to the extraction of proanthocyanidins from Larix gmelini bark. In this work, in order to evaluate the performance of ionic liquids in the microwave-assisted extraction process, a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different cations and anions were evaluated for extraction yield, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was selected as the optimal solvent. In addition, the ILMAE procedure for the proanthocyanidins was optimized and compared with other conventional extraction techniques. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory extraction yield of the proanthocyanidins was obtained. Relative to other methods, the proposed approach provided higher extraction yield and lower energy consumption. The Larix gmelini bark samples before and after extraction were analyzed by Thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the ILMAE method is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation.
authors.affiliation: State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Fengjian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Chunjian
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2827-1999
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Yuangang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zu
mesh_terms: D004055:Differential Thermal Analysis; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D028221:Larix / Q000378:metabolism*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008872:Microwaves; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C502841:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride