title: Elevated serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective case-control study, undertaken to investigate serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations during all clinical phases and in different clinical types of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum was collected at various disease phases  from patients with HFRS (n = 35) and healthy control subjects (n = 10). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-8, interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also known as  'regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted' [RANTES]) were quantified using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-8, IP-10 and RANTES (but not IL-4) were significantly higher  in patients compared with controls. Highest concentrations were generally found during the febrile, hypotensive and oliguric disease phases, as well as in clinically severe and critical cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines increased in line with  disease severity in HFRS patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi Province, China. wangpz63@126.com
authors.forename: P-Z
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z-D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: X-F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines