title: Protein-ligand crystal structures can guide the design of selective inhibitors of the FGFR tyrosine kinase.
abstract: The design of compounds that selectively inhibit a single kinase is a significant challenge, particularly for compounds that bind to the ATP site. We describe here how protein-ligand crystal structure information was able both to rationalize observed selectivity and to guide the design of more selective compounds. Inhibition data from enzyme and cellular screens and the crystal structures of a range of ligands tested during the process of identifying selective inhibitors of FGFR provide a step-by-step illustration of the process. Steric effects were exploited by increasing the size of ligands in specific regions in such a way as to be tolerated in the primary target and not in other related kinases. Kinases are an excellent target class to exploit such approaches because of the conserved fold and small side chain mobility of the active form.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals , Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Anne-Kathrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breed
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogg
authors.forename: Jonathon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Orme
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pink
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rudge
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Leach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019281:Dimerization; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1