title: Magnetised thermo responsive lipid vehicles for targeted and controlled lung drug delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conditions such as lung cancer currently lack non-invasively targetable and controlled release topical inhalational therapies. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have shown promising results as a targetable therapy. We aimed to fabricate and test the in-vitro performance of particles with SPION and drug within a lipid matrix as a potentially targetable and thermo-sensitive inhalable drug-delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Budesonide and SPIONs were incorporated into lipid particles using oil-in-water emulsification. Particles size, chemical composition, responsiveness to magnetic field, thermosensitiveness and inhalation performance in-vitro were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Particles of average diameter 2-4 μm with budesonide and SPIONs inside the lipid matrix responded to a magnetic field with 100% extraction at a distance of 5 mm. Formulations were shown to have accelerated rate of drug release at hyperthermic temperatures (45°C)--controlled release. The produced inhalation dry powder presented promising inhalation performance, with an inhalable fine particle fraction of 30%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lipid system presented thermo-sensitive characteristics, suitable for controlled delivery, the model drug and SPION loaded lipid system was magnetically active and movable using simple permanent magnets, and the system demonstrates promise as an effective drug vehicle in targeted and controlled inhalation therapy.
authors.affiliation: The University of Sydney, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Building A15, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Dhrumil
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Santo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scalia
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Nial
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wheate
authors.forename: Rania O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Traini
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chrzanowski
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008280:Magnetics; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D012995:Solubility; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D008055:Lipids; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles