title: Non-anastomotic biliary strictures following orthotopic liver transplantation: treatment with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experiences with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage to treat non-anastomotic biliary strictures following orthotopic liver transplantation in an effort to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2002 to December 2011, forty-two consecutive patients (37 male and 5 female; aged 17-67 years, mean age 45.8 years) underwent percutaneous trans hepaticbiliary drainage for non-anastomotic biliary strictures.Twenty-six of them underwent percutaneous trans hepatic biliary drainage through right bile duct, 15 under-went bilateral (right bile duct and left bile duct) percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage with 12 patients through left bile duct in the second procedure, the remaining one underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage through the left bile duct alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was successfully completed in all 42 patients, 23 of whom gained treatment success after first procedure. The other 19 patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for the second time and 15 of them were successfully treated, the total success rate was 90.5% (38 in 42 cases). Procedure related complications were observed in 4 patients including cholangitis, sepsis, bleeding and acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage ap-pears to be an effective and safe treatment with high technical success rate and few major complications for non-anastomotic biliary strictures following orthotopic liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Ning
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bao-Jie
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ren-You
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057785:Catheters; D002758:Cholangiography; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004106:Dilatation; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult