title: Association of the ALDH1A1*2 promoter polymorphism with alcohol phenotypes in young adults with or without ALDH2*2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies suggest a possible association of a promoter polymorphism in the ALDH1A1 gene ( ALDH1A1*2 ) with alcohol use or dependence. The aim of this study was to examine the association of ALDH1A1*2 with drinking behaviors in Asian young adults and to examine ALDH2 genotype as a potential moderator of these associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Asian young adults (n = 951) were recruited from 2 college sites for studies of genetic associations with alcohol use behavior. Participants completed comprehensive background questionnaires on demographics and drinking behavior. Fingertip blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction and analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with the ALDH2*1/*2 genotype reported significantly lower levels (frequency and quantity) of drinking within the last 90 days, fewer numbers of heavy drinking episodes within the last 90 days, and lower lifetime maximum consumption levels compared with ALDH2*1/*1 participants. There were no significant main effects of ALDH1A1*2 on any drinking variables, nor was there a significant interaction between ALDH2 and ALDH1A1 genotypes on drinking outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of ALDH2*2 with reduced alcohol consumption replicates previous findings across numerous studies. Although ALDH1A1*2 was not associated with drinking levels, the lack of an ALDH1A1*2 effect in ALDH2*2 individuals is consistent with the only other study that has examined these associations in East Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jmo5@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hendershot
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Tiebing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Tamara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D014861:Washington; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase