title: Impact of hardwood species on production cost of second generation ethanol.
abstract: The present work targeted the understanding of the influence of nine different hardwood species as feedstock on ethanol production yield and costs. It was found that the minimum ethanol revenue (MER) ($ per gallon to the producer) to achieve a 12% internal rate of return (IRR) on invested capital was smaller for low lignin content samples and the influence of species characteristics remained restricted to high residual lignin content. We show that if the pretreatment being applied to the feedstock targets or is limited to low lignin removal, one can expect the species to have a significant impact on overall economics, playing important role to project success. This study also showed a variation of up to 40% in relative MER among hardwood species, where maple, globulus and sweet gum varied the least. Sensitivity analysis showed ethanol yield per ton of feedstock had the largest influence in MER, followed by CAPEX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. balleirini@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ricardo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Treasure
authors.forename: Ronalds
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Jung Myoung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jameel
authors.forename: Hou-min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000191:economics*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D002201:Capital Expenditures; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000191:economics*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D018803:Models, Economic; D010209:Paper; D013045:Species Specificity; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D000431:Ethanol; D008031:Lignin