title: The effect of an isocentric reciprocating gait orthosis incorporating an active knee mechanism on the gait of a spinal cord injury patient: a single case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify the effect of induced knee flexion during gait on the kinematics and temporal-spatial parameters during walking by a patient with spinal cord injury (SCI) through the application of an isocentric reciprocating gait orthosis (IRGO) with a powered knee mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two orthoses were considered and evaluated for an ISCI subject with a T8 level of injury. An IRGO was initially manufactured by incorporating drop lock knee joints and was fabricated with custom molded AFOs to block ankle motion. This orthosis was also adapted with electrically-activated knee joints to provide active knee extension and flexion when disengaged.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Walking speed, stride length and cadence were increased 37.5%, 11% and 26%, respectively with the new orthosis as compared to using the IRGO. The vertical and horizontal compensatory motions reduced compared to mechanical IRGO. At end of stance phase, knee joint flexion was 37.5° for the AKIRGO compared to 7° of movement when walking with the IRGO. The overall pattern of walking produced was comparable to that of normal human walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knee flexion during swing phase resulted in an improved gait performance and also reduction in compensatory motions when compared to a mechanical IRGO.
authors.affiliation: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Orthotics and Prosthetics, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of.
authors.forename: Mokhtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arazpour
authors.forename: Monireh Ahmadi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bani
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chitsazan
authors.forename: Farhad Tabatabai
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Ghomshe
authors.forename: Reza Vahab
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Kashani
authors.forename: Stephen William
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hutchins
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D055815:Young Adult