title: Protein stains and applications.
abstract: Staining of proteins separated on gels provides the basis for determination of the critical properties of these biopolymers, such as their molecular weight and/or charge. Detection of proteins on gels and blots require stains. These stains vary in sensitivity, ease of use, color, stability, versatility, and specificity. This review discusses different stains and applications with details on how to use the advantages and disadvantages of each stain. It also compiles some important points to be considered in imaging and evaluation. Commonly used colorimetric and fluorescent dyes for general protein staining, and posttranslational modification-specific detection methods are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Recombinant Technologies LLC, Cheshire, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ranjini K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Natarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniyan
authors.forename: Pazhani
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sundaram
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010078:Oxazines / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000737:chemistry; D016622:Silver Staining / Q000379:methods; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005663:Furans; D007659:Ketones; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D011506:Proteins; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C477464:epicocconone; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D012835:Silver Nitrate; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue; C044808:nile red