title: Psychological maltreatment in relation to substance use problem severity among youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research has demonstrated that experiences of childhood maltreatment are prevalent in the life histories of youth with substance use problems; however, most of this research has focused on sexual or physical abuse. The purpose of the current study was to extend the scope of previous investigations to include psychological maltreatment experiences, examining the extent to which emotional abuse and emotional neglect predict substance use problem severity among youth. The current study also sought to examine whether a cumulative model fit the data, in which the experience of multiple forms of maltreatment would be related most strongly to severity of substance use problems, or whether there was a distinct effect of psychological maltreatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected through self-report questionnaires from 216 youth (144 males, 72 females) entering an outpatient treatment program for youth with substance use concerns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that, when considering all forms of abuse together, only emotional abuse and emotional neglect emerged as significant predictors of substance use problem severity. Furthermore, the association between psychological maltreatment and substance use problem severity was unaltered by the consideration of concurrent experiences of interpersonal violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study are consistent with those of a body of research describing the detrimental effects of psychological maltreatment. The findings have potential implications for the development and provision of trauma-informed youth substance use treatment services. The findings suggest that attending to the sequelae of psychological maltreatment may be important in assisting these youth in achieving successful treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Joanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057566:Self Report; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult