title: Budget impact analysis of insulin therapies and associated delivery systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A budget impact analysis of insulin therapies and associated delivery systems is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on inputted procurement totals, per-item costs (based on 2011 average wholesale price), insulin distribution system (floor stock or individual patient supply), waste, and treatment protocols for a specified time frame, the budget impact model approximated the number of patients treated with subcutaneous insulin, costs, utilization, waste, and injection mechanism (pen safety needle or syringe) costs. To calculate net changes, results of one-year 3-mL vial use were subtracted from one-year 10-mL vial or 3-mL pen use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Switching from a 10-mL vial to a 3-mL vial was associated with reductions in both costs and waste. The net reductions in costs and waste ranged from $15,482 and 120,000 IU, respectively, for floor-stock 10-mL vial to floor-stock 3-mL vial conversion to $871,548 and 6,750,000 IU, respectively, for individual patient supply 10-mL vial to floor-stock 3-mL vial conversion. Switching from floor-stock 10-mL vials to individual patient supply 3-mL vials increased costs and waste by $164,659 and 1,275,000 IU, respectively. Converting from individual patient supply 3-mL pens to individual patient supply 3-mL vials reduced costs by $117,236 but did not decrease waste.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A budget impact analysis of the conversion of either 10-mL insulin vials or 3-mL insulin pens to 3-mL insulin vials found reductions in both cost and waste, except when converting from floor-stock 10-mL vials to individual patient supply 3-mL vials.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Shonda A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whiteman
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jorgenson
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hultgren
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin