title: Stereoscopic virtual realistic surgical simulation in intracranial aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-dimensional (3D)-computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has been widely used for surgical simulation of intracranial aneurysms. Stereo imaging technology is progressing rapidly in recent years and stereo imaging may make more realistic surgical simulation possible. Therefore, we aimed at the establishment of a technique for stereoscopic viewing of minute volume rendering images while pursuing a low cost.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2009 and June 2011, 54 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were enrolled in this study. CTA data was transferred to the workstation equipped with image-processing software, and multilayer fusion images were processed by neurosurgeons. Image data for stereoscopic viewing of multilayer fusion image from arbitrary directions were collected form rotational trajectories around an aneurysm and were output to MPEG file. Stereoscopic viewing using MPEG data was achieved by the freeware named Stereo Movie Maker. Stereo viewing method using QuickTime VR format was also tried.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilayer fusion image created from CTA data displayed clearly the anatomical information about not only the aneurysm but also the surrounding structures, such as parent artery, venous system, brain tissue, skull bone, and scalp. The quality of the resulting multilayer fusion image was suitable for surgical simulation with virtual reality. Virtual realistic surgical simulation became possible by the combination of minute multilayer fusion image and stereoscopic viewing by our method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our method for stereo viewing of multilayer fusion images resulted in an improvement in the capability of diagnostic imaging and the image-guided support for neurosurgical procedures in intracranial aneurysm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan. blue_flare17@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult