title: Identification of genes that promote or antagonize somatic homolog pairing using a high-throughput FISH-based screen.
abstract: The pairing of homologous chromosomes is a fundamental feature of the meiotic cell. In addition, a number of species exhibit homolog pairing in nonmeiotic, somatic cells as well, with evidence for its impact on both gene regulation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. An extreme example of somatic pairing can be observed in Drosophila melanogaster, where homologous chromosomes remain aligned throughout most of development. However, our understanding of the mechanism of somatic homolog pairing remains unclear, as only a few genes have been implicated in this process. In this study, we introduce a novel high-throughput fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technology that enabled us to conduct a genome-wide RNAi screen for factors involved in the robust somatic pairing observed in Drosophila. We identified both candidate "pairing promoting genes" and candidate "anti-pairing genes," providing evidence that pairing is a dynamic process that can be both enhanced and antagonized. Many of the genes found to be important for promoting pairing are highly enriched for functions associated with mitotic cell division, suggesting a genetic framework for a long-standing link between chromosome dynamics during mitosis and nuclear organization during interphase. In contrast, several of the candidate anti-pairing genes have known interphase functions associated with S-phase progression, DNA replication, and chromatin compaction, including several components of the condensin II complex. In combination with a variety of secondary assays, these results provide insights into the mechanism and dynamics of somatic pairing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Tiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: C-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023902:Chromosome Pairing / Q000235:genetics*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008540:Meiosis; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis; D034622:RNA Interference; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000235:genetics; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006570:Heterochromatin; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D000097722:Cohesins; C490516:pav protein, Drosophila