title: Application of cone beam computed tomography in facial imaging science.
abstract: The use of three-dimensional (3D) methods for facial imaging has increased significantly over the past years.  Traditional 2D imaging has gradually being replaced by 3D images in different disciplines, particularly in the fields of orthodontics, maxillofacial surgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, neurosurgery and forensic sciences. In most cases, 3D facial imaging overcomes the limitations of traditional 2D methods and provides the clinician with more accurate information regarding the soft-tissues and the underlying skeleton. The aim of this study was to review the types of imaging methods used for facial imaging. It is important to realize the difference between the types of 3D imaging methods as application and indications thereof may differ. Since 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging will play an increasingly important role in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, special emphasis should be placed on discussing CBCT applications in facial evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen,University of Groningen. Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zacharias
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: Janalt
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damstra
authors.forename: Yijin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D013515:Surgery, Oral