title: Vitamin D status and bone mineral density in women of reproductive and postmenopausal age groups: a cross-sectional study from south India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study documents 25(OH)D status and bone mineral density (BMD) in women of reproductive (WR) and post-menopausal (PMW) age-groups in south India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (iP), albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, 25(OH)D and intact parathormone (N-tact PTH) of WR (n = 55) and PMW (n = 136) women were analyzed over a period of one year. Bone mineral Density (BMD) (Hologic, USA) was estimated using Caucasian data as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both, WR and in PMW 25(OH)D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml) and replete states (> 30 ng/ml) were seen in 76%, 16.5%, 7.5% vs 70%, 23% and 7% respectively. PMW had lower BMD (gm/cm2) than WR at forearm ( P = < 0.001), hip trochanter (P = < 0.0001), lumbar spine antero-posterior (LSAP) (P = < 0.001) and lateral (LS Lateral) (P = < 0.001). Osteoporosis was seen at hip (15% and 28%), forearm (nil and 11%), LSAP (6% and 22%) and LS lateral (0% and 23%) among WR and PMW respectively. BMD did not correlate with any of the biochemical indices but correlated with BMD at other sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency coexists with low BMD in our study group. Serum 25(OH)D needs to be documented in women having low BMD. Calcium and vitamin D need to be supplemented as part of therapy in PMW.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati--517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Harinarayan
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sachan
authors.forename: P Amaresh
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Satish
authors.forename: U V
authors.initials: UV
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srivani
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium