title: Multiple headspace-solid-phase microextraction as a powerful tool for the quantitative determination of volatile radiolysis products in a multilayer food packaging material sterilized with γ-radiation.
abstract: A method consisting of multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was developed and used to determine the main volatile radiolysis products formed by γ-irradiation of flexible multilayer food packaging samples. The developed method allows the use of solid-phase microextraction in the quantification of compounds from plastic solid samples. A screening of volatiles in the γ-irradiated and non-irradiated films was performed and 29 compounds were identified in the irradiated packaging, 17 of which were absent in the non-irradiated samples. The main volatile radiolysis products identified were: 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone; 4-tert-butyl-phenol and the off-odor compounds butanoic acid and valeric acid. These volatile radiolysis compounds were determined with the proposed method and the results are shown and discussed. Solid-liquid extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction methods were also studied for comparative purposes. The automated solvent-free multiple HSPME technique here presented can be used to quantify the radiolysis compounds in irradiated plastic solid samples in a simple way with the advantages of being free from matrix influence and environmentally friendly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rural and Animal Technology, Bahia's Southwest State University, Praça Primavera 40, 45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil. cristianepatricia@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cristiane Patrícia
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Lafuente
authors.forename: Nilda de Fátima Ferreira
authors.initials: Nde F
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nerin
mesh_terms: D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000032:analysis; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D018857:Food Packaging; D005720:Gamma Rays; D016014:Linear Models; D010421:Pentanoic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: C513956:2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-benzoquinone; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D016227:Benzoquinones; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; D010636:Phenols; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D020148:Butyric Acid; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; C038780:n-pentanoic acid; C006862:butylphen