title: ROS and SOCE: recent advances and controversies in the regulation of STIM and Orai.
abstract: Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is a widespread mechanism in cells to raise cytosolic Ca(2+) and to refill Ca(2+) stores. T cells critically rely on SOCE mediated by stromal interaction molecules (STIM) and Orai molecules for their activation and regulation of gene transcription; cells such as muscle cells, neurons or melanocytes probably utilize SOCE for the transmission of inducible receptor-mediated function as well as for generalized Ca(2+) homeostasis mechanisms. Exposure to environmental or cell-intrinisic reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect several components involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis and thus alter multiple pathways. While all cells have a capacity to produce intracellular ROS, exposure of immune and skin cells to extracellular oxidative stress is particularly high during inflammation and/or with UV exposure. This review briefly summarizes cell-intrinsic sources of ROS and focuses on current findings and controversies regarding the regulation of STIM and Orai by oxidative modifications. We also introduce melanocytes as a new model system to study the function of STIM and Orai isoforms under physiological conditions that include exposure to UV light as an activating stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bogeski
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kilch
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Niemeyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D008543:Melanins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species