title: MicroRNA-320 induces neurite outgrowth by targeting ARPP-19.
abstract: MicroRNAs are important in the development, functioning, and pathophysiology of the central nervous system. Here, we show that increasing the levels of microRNA-320 (miR-320) for 3 days markedly increases neurite length, and at 4 days, reduces the total cell number in Neuro-2A cells. In-silico analysis of possible miR-320 targets identified cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein-19 kDa (ARPP-19) and semaphorin 3a as potential targets that could be involved. ARPP-19 was validated by showing reduced mRNA and protein levels when miR-320 was overexpressed, whereas miR-320 had no effect on semaphorin 3a expression. ARPP-19 is known to inhibit protein phosphatase-2A activity, which inhibits mitosis and induces neurite outgrowth, making this the likely mechanism. Thus, increased levels of miR-320 lead to decreased levels of ARPP-19, increased neurite length, and fewer total cells. These data suggest that miR-320 could play a role in neuronal development and might be a target to enhance neuronal regeneration following injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5117, USA.
authors.forename: Robin E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Rona G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Giffard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; C541056:Mirn320 microRNA, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C064321:cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19