title: Transforming growth factor beta1, matrix-metalloproteinase-2 and its tissue inhibitor in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma/syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), oxidative stress and imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) may play an important role in pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome/glaucoma (PEX Sy/Gl). The aim of the study was to measure concentrations of TGF-beta1, MMP-2, TIMP-2 in the aqueous humor in the examined group, as well as to compare the biochemical findings with the following clinical parameters: degree of chamber angle pigmantation, presence of pseudoexfoliation and the value of intraocular pressure (IOP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous samples from 30 patients with cataract, 30 patients with PEX Sy, 36 patients with PEX Gl, and 42 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were collected during phacoemulsification cataract surgery. TGF beta1, MMP-2, TIMP-2 Fluotokine Multi Analyze Profiling kits and Luminex technology were used to simultaneously measure TGF beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta1, MMP-2, TIMP-2 were detected in human aqueous from all the groups with the highest level in the group with PEX Gl. Statistically, a significant correlation between the levels of TGF beta1, MMP-2, TIMP-2 in the aqueous humor of the patients with PEX Gl and the IOP value was confirmed (p < 0.05). In this group, the positive correlations between the TGF beta1 concentration in the aqueous humor and the presence of pseudoexfoliation (p < 0.01), on the one hand, and between the TIMP-2 level and the presence of pseudoexfoliation (p < 0.05), on the other, were reported. A statistically significant positive correlation of TGF-beta1 and MMP-2, and the degree of chamber angle pigmentation in the PEX Gl group was confirmed (p < 0.05). In the POAG group, TIMP-2 values were in a negative correlation with the degree of pigmentation (p < 0.05), and the IOP value (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF beta1 and MMP-2 affect the degree of chamber angle pigmentation and the degree of pseudoexfoliation in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Ophthalmology, Clinical Center Nis, Nis Serbia. jdjordjevic.jocic@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Djordjević-Jocić
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zlatanović
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veselinović
authors.forename: Predrag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.forename: Vidosava
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Djordjević
authors.forename: Lilika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zvezdanović
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stanković-Babić
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vujanović
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cekić
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenkel
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schlotzer-Schrehardt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2