title: Placental expression of CD100, CD72 and CD45 is dysregulated in human miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The etiology of miscarriage is often multifactorial. One major cause, immunological rejection of the fetus, has not been clearly elucidated. Our aim was to establish whether the semaphorin CD100, its natural receptor CD72, and the glycoprotein CD45, implicated in immune mechanisms, are involved in pregnancy loss by examining their placental expression with real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placenta tissue from 72 Caucasian women undergoing surgical uterine evacuation due to early spontaneous pregnancy loss between the 8(th) and 12(th) week of gestation was divided into four groups based on miscarriage number. Gestational age-matched placentas from 18 healthy women without a history of miscarriage undergoing voluntary pregnancy termination were the control group. Placenta from 6 Caesarean deliveries performed at 38-40 weeks of gestation was also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD100, CD72 and CD45 were expressed in placenta and exhibited different mRNA and protein levels in normal pregnancy and miscarriage. In particular, protein levels were highly dysregulated around 10 weeks of gestation in first and second miscarriage placentas. The CD100 soluble form was produced and immediately shed from placental tissue in all samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal CD100, CD72 and CD45 seem to play a role in miscarriage. The present data support the involvement of the fetal immune system in pregnancy maintenance as well as failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. t.lorenzi@univpm.it
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lorenzi
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorenzi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paolinelli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mancioli
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Sala
authors.forename: Manrico
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morroni
authors.forename: Pasquapina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciarmela
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: Andrea Luigi
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tranquilli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellucci
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marzioni
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; C093224:CD100 antigen; C064228:CD72 protein, human; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D039961:Semaphorins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C516769:PTPRC protein, human