Biocompatibility assessment of Si-based nano- and micro-particles.
Silicon is one of the most abundant chemical elements found on the Earth. Due to its unique chemical and physical properties, silicon based materials and their oxides (e.g. silica) have been used in several industries such as building and construction, electronics, food industry, consumer products and biomedical engineering/medicine. This review summarizes studies on effects of silicon and silica nano- and micro-particles on cells and organs following four main exposure routes, namely, intravenous, pulmonary, dermal and oral. Further, possible genotoxic effects of silica based nanoparticles are discussed. The review concludes with an outlook on improving and standardizing biocompatibility assessment for nano- and micro-particles.
Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
Hamsa
H
Jaganathan
Biana
B
Godin
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D012825:Silicon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D009153:Mutagens; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012825:Silicon