The impact of type 2 diabetes on circulating adipokines in patients with metabolic syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate, whether type 2 diabetes independently influences adipokines and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.


METHODS
36 patients with metabolic syndrome without type 2 diabetes and 39 patients with metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes, carefully matched for age, sex, and BMI, were investigated. Primary outcome measures were circulating adipokines and inflammatory markers (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, vaspin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP-4), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15)). In addition, we determined parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism.


RESULTS
Patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes had significantly lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.05). They displayed higher GDF-15 concentrations (1,113 ± 135 vs. 656 ± 63 pg/ml, p = 0.005) and lower visfatin concentrations (3.7 ± 0.3 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.009). There were no differences in other adipokines and inflammatory markers between both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes leads to decreased visfatin and increased GDF-15 serum levels when compared to carefully matched non-diabetic subjects. Whether the increase in GDF-15 is an indicator or a causal factor for the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetic subjects remains to be investigated in further studies.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Karin
K
Schindler
Greisa
G
Vila
Friedrich
F
Hoppichler
Monika
M
Lechleitner
Anton
A
Luger
Christian
C
Anderwald
Jürgen
J
Hoefler
Goran
G
Tomasec
Alexandra
A
Kautzky-Willer
Bernhard
B
Ludvik
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
D054392:Adipokines; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase