Transapical aortic valve implantation: mid-term outcome from the SOURCE registry.
OBJECTIVE
Transapical (TA) aortic valve implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN bioprosthesis was commercially introduced in Europe in January 2008. Limited data on the mid-term results are available.


METHODS
Using data from the SOURCE-Registry (largest consecutive cohort treated using Edwards SAPIEN bioprosthesis in Europe), we report on the mid-term results (≥30 days-2 years) of TA patients.


RESULTS
Between November 2007 and December 2009, a total of 1387 patients from 38 European centres underwent TA aortic valve implantation. The mean follow-up is 14.9 months, with 1004 patients who completed 1 year and 464 patients who completed the 2-year follow-up. The mean age of patients was 80.6 ± 7.1 years with a logistic-EuroSCORE of 27.6%. The main co-morbidities were coronary artery disease (55.8%), previous bypass grafting (25.5%), porcelain aorta (10.2%), previous stroke (6.5%) and peripheral vascular disease (26.4%). A total of 840 patients (60.6%) received a 26 mm and 535 (38.6%) a 23 mm Edwards SAPIEN bioprosthesis. Survivals at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years were 88.7, 73.8 and 65.1%, respectively. Causes of the 276 deaths observed between >30 days and 2-year follow-up were cardiac in 86 patients (31.2%), non-cardiac in 142 (51.4%) and unknown in 48 (17.4%). Cardiac causes of death included heart failure (33.7%), sudden cardiac death (33.7%), myocardial infarct (8.1%), endocarditis (5.8%) and others (18.6%). Non-cardiac deaths were related to pulmonary disease (21.1%), cancer (12.7%), renal failure (11.3%), stroke (10.6%), gastrointestinal disease (7.7%) and others (36.6%). Using univariable and multivariable analyses, logistic EuroSCORE, renal insufficiency and liver diseases were identified as independent predictors of 2-year mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that in elderly patients with severe co-morbidities, TA aortic valve implantation results in excellent mid-term results. Causes of death during the mid-term follow-up are mainly non-cardiac and related to co-morbidities.
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, King's Health Partners, London, UK. olaf.wendler@nhs.net
Olaf
O
Wendler
Thomas
T
Walther
Holger
H
Schroefel
Rüdiger
R
Lange
Hendrik
H
Treede
Melissa
M
Fusari
Paolo
P
Rubino
Martyn
M
Thomas
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012042:Registries