Identification and characterization of chitin synthase genes in the postharvest citrus fruit pathogen Penicillium digitatum.
In this study, we carried out the isolation and characterization of chitin synthase genes (CHS) of the main citrus fruit postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Using distinct sets of degenerate primers designed from conserved regions of CHS genes of yeast and filamentous fungi, PCR methods, and a DNA genomic library, five putative CHS genes (PdigCHSI, PdigCHSII, PdigCHSIII, PdigCHSV, and PdigCHSVII) were identified, isolated, sequenced, and characterized. Phylogenetic analyses, sequence identity, and domain conservation support the annotation as CHS. A very high sequence identity and strong synteny were found with corresponding regions from the genome of Penicillium chrysogenum. Gene expression of P. digitatum CHS genes during mycelium axenic growth, under oxidative and osmotic stress conditions, and during infection of citrus fruits was confirmed and quantified using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). PdigCHSIII had the highest expression among the five genes by one order of magnitude, while PdigCHSII had the lowest. However, PdigCHSII was strongly induced coincident with conidial production, suggesting a role in conidiogenesis. The expression of PdigCHSI, PdigCHSIII, PdigCHSV, and PdigCHSVII was upregulated during infection of citrus fruit. PdigCHSV and PdigCHSVII coexpressed in most of the experiments carried out, and they are separated by a 1.77 kb intergenic region and arranged in opposite directions.
Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino-7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain. mgandia@iata.csic.es
Mónica
M
Gandía
Eleonora
E
Harries
Jose F
JF
Marcos
D002687:Chitin Synthase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D025282:Mycelium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010407:Penicillium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D026801:Synteny
D004271:DNA, Fungal; D002687:Chitin Synthase