UV radiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice is effectively prevented             by oral intake of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit blend for 6 weeks             through MMP suppression and increase of SOD activity.
Oxidative stress and oxidative photodamage induced by UV radiation can cause serious skin damage that is characterized by wrinkling, roughness, laxity and pigmentation. The effects of a sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit blend (SFB) containing sea buckthorn fruit extract, blueberry extract and collagen on UV-induced skin aging were examined by treating hairless mice for 6 weeks with UV irradiation and SFB administered orally. The effects of SFB were measured in the skin of these mice by phenotypical and histological analysis and western blotting. According to wrinkle formation analysis, the oral intake of SFB induced a decrease in wrinkle formation in the damaged skin of UV-irradiated mice. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis in the vitamin extracts (Vit)- and SFB-treated group was lower than that in the vehicle-treated group, but the group treated with SFB50 was the most effective group. The mice treated with the Vit- or SFB solution maintained a normal moisture content through the inhibition of transdermal water loss (TEWL) and an increase in skin moisture content. Furthermore, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and collagen protein expression were assessed in five groups to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of SFB oral intake. The application of SFB induced a decrease in MMP-1 and -9 expression to the levels observed in the vehicle-treated group, but MMP-9 expression showed a much larger decrease than MMP-1. Furthermore, the expression of collagen-1 in the skin corresponded to MMP expression except for the SFB30-treated group, whereas the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased dramatically in the SFB50-treated group. These results suggest that SFB has potential as a protective and therapeutic drug candidate against skin aging that functions by regulating the moisture content, MMP expression levels and SOD activity.
College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National                     University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea.
In Sik
IS
Hwang
Ji Eun
JE
Kim
Sun Il
SI
Choi
Hye Ryun
HR
Lee
Young Ju
YJ
Lee
Min Ju
MJ
Jang
Hong Ju
HJ
Son
Hee Seob
HS
Lee
Chung Hun
CH
Oh
Bae Hwan
BH
Kim
Sang Hak
SH
Lee
Dae Youn
DY
Hwang
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D020405:Dermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D031281:Hippophae / Q000737:chemistry*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
D024042:Collagen Type I; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases