Psychosocial treatments for ADHD: a systematic appraisal of the evidence.
OBJECTIVE
Children with learning disabilities often experience comorbid ADHD, impacting on the effectiveness of interventions for those children. In addition to pharmacologic intervention, clinicians and educators employ a variety of psychosocial methods to address the behavioral and social issues that arise in children with ADHD, including those with co-occurring learning disabilities. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted examining treatment studies using psychosocial interventions for children with ADHD. Because of the importance of such reviews to evidence based clinical and educational practice, it is essential that reviews be conducted with rigorous methodologies to avoid bias in conclusions (Schlosser, Wendt, & Sigafoos, 2007). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses conducted for psychosocial treatments of ADHD in children.


METHODS
Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English language studies of psychosocial treatments for ADHD in children up to 18-years-old from 1998 to 2010. Twenty-one studies were identified that met inclusion criteria (13 systematic reviews, 8 meta-analyses). Independent examiners used the quality rating scale proposed by Auperin, Pignon, and Pynard (1997) to rate the characteristics of good systematic reviews and meta-analyses.


RESULTS
Results indicated that certain methodological characteristics were common across trials reviewed, yet shortcomings were common among most reviews, including inadequate descriptions of data extraction methods and lack of quality ratings for trials included in the reviews.


CONCLUSIONS
Synthesis of findings from the five top-rated reviews and the literature on ADHD suggest that psychosocial treatments contribute to improvements on behavioral and social outcomes. How ADHD and LD interplay in treatment outcomes is largely unexplored.
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA swatson@odu.edu.
Silvana Maria Russo
SM
Watson
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Corrin
C
Richels
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Anne Perrotti
AP
Michalek
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Anastasia
A
Raymer
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D012919:Social Behavior