The effects of home-use and in-office bleaching treatments on calcium and phosphorus concentrations in tooth enamel: an in vivo study.
BACKGROUND
Because the effects of dental bleaching on enamel needs to be clarified in vivo, the authors conducted a study to determine calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel after the application of different bleaching treatments.


METHODS
The authors applied four agents (10 percent and 20 percent carbamide peroxide [both recommended for home use], 38 percent and 35 percent hydrogen peroxide [both applied in the dental office]) to the enamel of 80 participants, who were divided into four groups of 20. The authors collected enamel microbiopsy specimens from incisors before (baseline), during (seven, 14 and 21 days) and after (seven and 14 days) the bleaching treatments. They analyzed calcium and phosphorus concentrations by using a spectrophotometer.


RESULTS
The authors analyzed data by using the Friedman test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (α= .05). There were no statistical differences between the evaluation results, regardless of which bleaching gel was used, for determining the concentration of either calcium or phosphorus.


CONCLUSIONS
Home-use and in-office bleaching gels did not alter the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus concentrations on the enamel surface in vivo.


CONCLUSIONS
In vivo, different dental bleaching techniques did not alter the inorganic composition of enamel.
Department of Cariology and Biochemistry, Dental School and São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Ponte Preta, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-755, Brazil. flbamaral@gmail.com
Flávia Lucisano Botelho
FL
do Amaral
Robson Tetsuo
RT
Sasaki
Tatiana Cristina Ricci
TC
da Silva
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
FM
França
Flávia Martão
FM
Flório
Roberta Tarkany
RT
Basting
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006244:Hardness / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D010758:Phosphorus; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium