Animal bones char solubilization by gel-entrapped Yarrowia lipolytica on glycerol-based media.
Citric acid was produced with free and k-carrageenan-entrapped cells of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in single and repeated batch-shake-flask fermentations on glycerol-based media. Simultaneous solubilization of hydroxyapatite of animal bone origin (HABO) was tested in all experiments. The highest citric acid production by free yeast cells of 20.4 g/L and 18.7 g/L was reached after 96 h of fermentation in the absence and presence of 3 g/L HABO, respectively. The maximum values for the same parameter achieved by gel-entrapped cells in conditions of single batch and repeated-batch fermentation processes were 18.7 g/L and 28.1 g/L registered after 96 h and the 3d batch cycle, respectively. The highest citric acid productivity of 0.58 g L(-1) h(-1) was obtained with immobilized cells in repeated batch mode of fermentation when the added hydroxyapatite of 3 g/L was solubilized to 399 mg/L whereas the maximum efficiency of 89.0% was obtained with 1 g/L of HABO.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. nbvass@yahoo.com
Maria
M
Vassileva
Bettina
B
Eichler-Lobermann
Antonia
A
Reyes
Nikolay
N
Vassilev
D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005782:Gels; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D025062:Yarrowia / Q000378:metabolism*
D005782:Gels; D010710:Phosphates; D019343:Citric Acid; D002351:Carrageenan; D017886:Durapatite; D005990:Glycerol