New azaspiracids in Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae).
Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a group of lipophilic polyether toxins implicated in incidents of shellfish poisoning in humans, particularly in northern Europe, which are produced by the small marine dinoflagellate Azadinium spinosum. Other related species/strains of the Amphidomataceae have not been proven to date to contain any of the known azaspiracids. Closer analyses of these species/strains by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in the precursor and product ion mode now revealed four new compounds with high similarity to azaspiracids, all of them with a characteristic m/z 348 fragment but with absence of the m/z 362 fragment. These compounds were detected in three species/strains, i.e. in North Sea isolates of Azadinium poporum (molecular mass: 845.5 Da), in a Korean isolate which has been designated as A. cf. poporum (molecular mass: 857.5 Da) and in Amphidoma languida isolated from Bantry Bay, Ireland (molecular masses: 815.5 and 829.5 Da). Cell quotas of roughly 2-20 fg per cell were in the same range as found for AZA-1/-2 in A. spinosum. Structures for all compounds were proposed by interpretation of fragmentation patterns and high resolution mass measurements using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS).
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. Bernd.Krock@awi.de
Bernd
B
Krock
Urban
U
Tillmann
Daniela
D
Voß
Boris P
BP
Koch
Rafael
R
Salas
Matthias
M
Witt
Eric
E
Potvin
Hae Jin
HJ
Jeong
D017357:Cyclotrons; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D007494:Ireland; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009659:North Sea; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013045:Species Specificity; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
D008387:Marine Toxins; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C406592:azaspiracid; D000095702:Polyether Toxins