Bismuth-213 and actinium-225 -- generator performance and evolving therapeutic applications of two generator-derived alpha-emitting radioisotopes.
The alpha emitters (225)Ac and (213)Bi are promising therapeutic radionuclides for application in targeted alpha therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Both alpha emitters are available with high specific activity from established radionuclide generators. Their favourable chemical and physical properties have led to the conduction of a large number of preclinical studies and several clinical trials, demonstrating the feasibility, safety and therapeutic efficacy of targeted alpha therapy with (225)Ac and (213)Bi. This review describes methods for the production of (225)Ac and (213)Bi and gives an overview of (225)Ac/(213)Bi radionuclide generator systems. Selected preclinical studies are highlighted and the current clinical experience with (225)Ac and (213)Bi is summarized.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. alfred.morgenstern@ec.europa.eu
Alfred
A
Morgenstern
Frank
F
Bruchertseifer
Christos
C
Apostolidis
D000186:Actinium / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000512:Alpha Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001729:Bismuth / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011876:Radionuclide Generators; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000186:Actinium; D001729:Bismuth