Uropathogenic Escherichia coli mediated urinary tract infection.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common infectious diseases of humans and is the most common nosocomial infection in the developed world. They cause significant morbidity and mortality, with approximately 150 million cases globally per year. It is estimated that 40-50% of women and 5% of men will develop a UTI in their lifetime, and UTI accounts for more than 1 million hospitalizations and $1.6 billion in medical expenses each year in the USA. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of UTI. This review presents an overview of the primary virulence factors of UPEC, the major host responses to infection of the urinary tract, the emergence of specific multidrug resistant clones of UPEC, antibiotic treatment options for UPEC-mediated UTI and the current state of vaccine strategies as well as other novel anti-adhesive and prophylactic approaches to prevent UTI. New and emerging themes in UPEC research are also discussed in the context of future outlooks.
Australian Infectiuos Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
Makrina
M
Totsika
Danilo Gomes
DG
Moriel
Adi
A
Idris
Benjamin A
BA
Rogers
Daniel J
DJ
Wurpel
Minh-Duy
MD
Phan
David L
DL
Paterson
Mark A
MA
Schembri
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D014774:Virulence
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines