Cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with diabetes: where are we, and where are we going?
The increasing prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with advancement in early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has placed CVD as a significant concern for preventative pediatric medicine. The public health burden of type 2 diabetes is predicted to parallel increasing obesity in children with a projected increase of early CVD in adulthood. In this article, we review practice guidelines for cardiovascular health in children and adolescents with diabetes and data on which they are based. We then focus on imaging modalities that are promising tools to expand our understanding of the cardiovascular risk imposed on youths with diabetes.
Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA. uyen.truong@childrenscolorado.org
Uyen T
UT
Truong
David M
DM
Maahs
Stephen R
SR
Daniels
D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human