Phylogeny of the Infraorder Pentatomomorpha based on fossil and extant morphology, with description of a new fossil family from China.
BACKGROUND
An extinct new family of Pentatomomorpha, Venicoridae Yao, Ren & Cai fam. nov., with 2 new genera and 2 new species (Venicoris solaris Yao, Ren & Rider gen. & sp. nov. and Clavaticoris zhengi Yao, Ren & Cai gen. & sp. nov.) are described from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Northeast China.


RESULTS
A cladistic analysis based on a combination of fossil and extant morphological characters clarified the phylogenetic status of the new family and has allowed the reconstruction of intersuperfamily and interfamily relationships within the Infraorder Pentatomomorpha. The fossil record and diversity of Pentatomomorpha during the Mesozoic is discussed.


CONCLUSIONS
Pentatomomorpha is a monophyletic group; Aradoidea and the Trichophora are sister groups; these fossils belong to new family, treated as the sister group of remainder of Trichophora; Pentatomoidea is a monophyletic group; Piesmatidae should be separated as a superfamily, Piesmatoidea. Origin time of Pentatomomorpha should be tracked back to the Middle or Early Triassic.
Key Laboratory of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
Yunzhi
Y
Yao
Dong
D
Ren
David A
DA
Rider
Wanzhi
W
Cai
D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005580:Fossils; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography