Nocturnal hypokinesia and sleep quality in Parkinson's disease.
OBJECTIVE
To study the relationship between nocturnal hypokinesia and sleep quality in Parkinson's disease (PD).


METHODS
Questionnaire study using intergroup analysis.


METHODS
Parkinson Centre Nijmegen, a tertiary university referral center.


METHODS
Two hundred forty individuals with Parkinson's disease.


METHODS
Clinical and demographic data were obtained. Nocturnal hypokinesia was assessed using Question 35 of the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire and rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = all of the time to 5 = never). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to quantify sleep quality, higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality.


RESULTS
One hundred thirty-five of 240 participants had difficulties turning over in bed. Mean PSQI scores were significantly higher in participants with nocturnal hypokinesia (7.7 ± 4.1) than in those without (6.1 ± 3.4, P = .001). A regression model correcting for age, disease duration, and Hoehn and Yahr stage showed a significant influence of nocturnal hypokinesia on sleep quality (coefficient of determination = 0.042, standardized-beta = 0.163, P = .03). There was a linear relationship between frequency of nocturnal hypokinesia and sleep quality.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study that documents that nocturnal hypokinesia negatively affects sleep quality in PD. Nocturnal hypokinesia therefore merits therapeutic attention, including optimal nighttime dopaminergic treatment and education about turning strategies in bed.
Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Maartje
M
Louter
Marten
M
Munneke
Bastiaan R
BR
Bloem
Sebastiaan
S
Overeem
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires