Neural crest cell survival is dependent on Rho kinase and is required for development of the mid face in mouse embryos.
Neural crest cells (NCC) give rise to much of the tissue that forms the vertebrate head and face, including cartilage and bone, cranial ganglia and teeth. In this study we show that conditional expression of a dominant-negative (DN) form of Rho kinase (Rock) in mouse NCC results in severe hypoplasia of the frontonasal processes and first pharyngeal arch, ultimately resulting in reduction of the maxilla and nasal bones and severe craniofacial clefting affecting the nose, palate and lip. These defects resemble frontonasal dysplasia in humans. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, which leads to abnormalities in cell-matrix attachment, is seen in the RockDN;Wnt1-cre mutant embryos. This leads to elevated cell death, resulting in NCC deficiency and hypoplastic NCC-derived craniofacial structures. Rock is thus essential for survival of NCC that form the craniofacial region. We propose that reduced NCC numbers in the frontonasal processes and first pharyngeal arch, resulting from exacerbated cell death, may be the common mechanism underlying frontonasal dysplasia.
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Helen M
HM
Phillips
Tania
T
Papoutsi
Helena
H
Soenen
Patricia
P
Ybot-Gonzalez
Deborah J
DJ
Henderson
Bill
B
Chaudhry
D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000002:abnormalities; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D000199:Actins; C515854:Rock1 protein, mouse; C515855:Rock2 protein, mouse; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases