Emotional but not physical maltreatment is independently related to psychopathology in subjects with various degrees of social anxiety: a web-based internet survey.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies reported that social phobia is associated with a history of child maltreatment. However, most of these studies focused on physical and sexual maltreatment whilst little is known about the specific impact of emotional abuse and neglect on social anxiety. We examined the association between emotional maltreatment, including parental emotional maltreatment as well as emotional peer victimization, and social anxiety symptoms in subjects with various degrees of social anxiety.


METHODS
The study was conducted as a web-based Internet survey of participants (N = 995) who had social anxiety symptoms falling within the high range, and including many respondents who had scores in the clinical range. The assessment included measures of child maltreatment, emotional peer victimization, social anxiety symptoms and general psychopathology.


RESULTS
Regression and mediation analyses revealed that parental emotional maltreatment and emotional peer victimization were independently related to social anxiety and mediated the impact of physical and sexual maltreatment. Subjects with a history of childhood emotional maltreatment showed higher rates of psychopathology than subjects with a history of physical maltreatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Although our findings are limited by the use of an Internet survey and retrospective self-report measures, data indicated that social anxiety symptoms are mainly predicted by emotional rather than physical or sexual types of victimization.
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany. benjamin.iffland@uni-bielefeld.de
Benjamin
B
Iffland
Lisa M
LM
Sansen
Claudia
C
Catani
Frank
F
Neuner
D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires