Normal and abnormal development of the cardiac conduction system; implications for conduction and rhythm disorders in the child and adult.
The cardiac conduction system is a specialized network that initiates and closely coordinates the heart beat. Cardiac conduction system development is intricately related to the development and maturation of the embryonic heart towards its four-chambered form, as is indicated by the fact that disturbed development of cardiac structures is often accompanied by a disturbed formation of the CCS. Electrophysiological studies have shown that selected conduction disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias do not take place randomly in the heart but rather at anatomical predilection sites. Knowledge on development of the CCS may facilitate understanding of the etiology of arrhythmogenic events. In this review we will focus on embryonic development of the CCS in relation to clinical arrhythmias, as well as on specific cardiac conduction abnormalities that are observed in patients with congenital heart disease.
Department of Anatomy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.r.m.jongbloed@lumc.nl
Monique R M
MR
Jongbloed
Rebecca
R
Vicente Steijn
Nathan D
ND
Hahurij
T P
TP
Kelder
Martin J
MJ
Schalij
Adriana C
AC
Gittenberger-de Groot
Nico A
NA
Blom
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000002:abnormalities; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice