Real-time three-dimensional soft tissue reconstruction for laparoscopic surgery.
BACKGROUND
Accurate real-time 3D models of the operating field have the potential to enable augmented reality for endoscopic surgery. A new system is proposed to create real-time 3D models of the operating field that uses a custom miniaturized stereoscopic video camera attached to a laparoscope and an image-based reconstruction algorithm implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU).


METHODS
The proposed system was evaluated in a porcine model that approximates the viewing conditions of in vivo surgery. To assess the quality of the models, a synthetic view of the operating field was produced by overlaying a color image on the reconstructed 3D model, and an image rendered from the 3D model was compared with a 2D image captured from the same view.


RESULTS
Experiments conducted with an object of known geometry demonstrate that the system produces 3D models accurate to within 1.5 mm.


CONCLUSIONS
The ability to produce accurate real-time 3D models of the operating field is a significant advancement toward augmented reality in minimally invasive surgery. An imaging system with this capability will potentially transform surgery by helping novice and expert surgeons alike to delineate variance in internal anatomy accurately.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
Jędrzej
J
Kowalczuk
Avishai
A
Meyer
Jay
J
Carlson
Eric T
ET
Psota
Shelby
S
Buettner
Lance C
LC
Pérez
Shane M
SM
Farritor
Dmitry
D
Oleynikov
D000818:Animals; D003199:Computer Systems; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine