Patterns of snus and cigarette use: a study of Norwegian men followed from age 16 to 19.
BACKGROUND
The use of moist snuff (snus) in young Norwegians is increasing, while smoking rates are declining. It is not clear whether snus facilitates smoking.


OBJECTIVE
To assess whether 16-year-old men who were never-smokers, but snus users in 2001, had an increased risk of smoking 3 years later.


METHODS
In a prospective school-based cohort study, 1440 men, who responded to questionnaires in 2001 and 2004, were included in the analyses. The participation rate was 89% in 2001 and 50% in 2004. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the OR of snus users, smokers and dual users of cigarettes and snus, compared with non-tobacco users at baseline, to be smokers at follow-up.


RESULTS
Snus use at baseline was associated with increased odds of dual use at follow-up when the outcome was (1) current dual use versus no tobacco (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.8) and when the outcome was (2) current dual use versus no smoking but including snus-only use (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.3). Baseline snus users who were dual users at follow-up seemed to prefer using snus daily and cigarettes occasionally. Use of snus only at baseline was not associated with increased odds of smoking only at follow-up, after adjusting for known risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Young men who only used snus at baseline had an increased risk of being dual users at follow-up. Snus use may therefore facilitate smoking.
Department of Health Statistics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Liv
L
Grøtvedt
Lisa
L
Forsén
Knut
K
Stavem
Sidsel
S
Graff-Iversen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064424:Tobacco Use; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult