Foramina parietalia permagna: the ins and outs.
Foramina parietalia permagna or enlarged parietal foramina are a rare variant  estimated to be less than 1 in 25,000 cases. Out of 150 dry macerated skulls  studied one skull showed 2 large parietal foramina measuring 17.38 x 27.67 mm  (right) and 15.31 x 25.46 mm (left) in size. Between them, across the  sagittal suture, was a transverse communicating suture interrupted by 3 very  small wormian bones. There is no denial of the fact that this familial transmitted  trait is caused by erratic ossification due to gene mutations. The clinical  importance lies in these being markers for underlying neural or bone pathology  or metabolic syndrome. The enlarged parietal foramina as expressed by the  eyes at the back remain a curious anatomical but a definite clinico-pathological  entity.
Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India. kdharwal@gmail.com
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D063405:Anatomic Variation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010375:Pedigree; D012886:Skull; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
C416676:ALX4 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors