Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms mediate the relationship between traumatic experiences and drinking behavior among women attending alcohol-serving venues in a South African township.
OBJECTIVE
South Africa has high rates of traumatic experiences and alcohol abuse or dependence, especially among women. Traumatic experiences often result in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD has been associated with hazardous drinking. This article examines the relationship between traumatic events and hazardous drinking among women who patronized alcohol-serving venues in South Africa and examines PTSD as a mediator of this relationship.


METHODS
A total of 560 women were recruited from a Cape Town township. They completed a computerized assessment that included alcohol consumption, history of traumatic events, and PTSD symptoms. Mediation analysis examined whether PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of traumatic event categories experienced (range: 0-7) and drinking behavior.


RESULTS
The mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score in the sample was 12.15 (range: 0-34, SD = 7.3), with 70.9% reaching criteria for hazardous drinking (AUDIT > 8). The mean PTSD score was 36.32 (range: 17-85, SD = 16.3),with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version ≥ 50). Endorsement of traumatic experiences was high, including adult emotional (51.8%), physical (49.6%), and sexual (26.3%) abuse; childhood physical (35.0%) and sexual (25.9%) abuse; and other types of trauma (83%). All categories of traumatic experiences, except the "other" category, were associated with hazardous drinking. PTSD symptoms mediated 46% of the relationship between the number of traumatic categories experienced and drinking behavior.


CONCLUSIONS
Women reported high rates of hazardous drinking and high levels of PTSD symptoms, and most had some history of traumatic events. There was a strong relationship between traumatic exposure and drinking levels, which was largely mediated by PTSD symptoms. Substance use interventions should address histories of trauma in this population, where alcohol may be used in part to cope with past traumas.
Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. melissa.watt@duke.edu
Melissa H
MH
Watt
Krista W
KW
Ranby
Christina S
CS
Meade
Kathleen J
KJ
Sikkema
Jessica C
JC
MacFarlane
Donald
D
Skinner
Desiree
D
Pieterse
Seth C
SC
Kalichman
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000208:ethnology; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult