One-pot conversions of lignocellulosic and algal biomass into liquid fuels.
The one-pot conversion of lignocellulosic and algal biomass into a liquid fuel, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), has been achieved by using a multicomponent catalytic system comprising [DMA]⁺ [CH₃SO₃]⁻ (DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide), Ru/C, and formic acid. The synthesis of DMF from all substrates was carried out under mild reaction conditions. The reaction progressed via 5-hydroxyemthylfurfural (HMF) in the first step followed by hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of HMF with the Ru/C catalyst and formic acid as a hydrogen source. This report discloses the effectiveness of the Ru/C catalyst for the first time for DMF synthesis from inexpensive and readily abundant biomass sources, which gives a maximum yield of 32 % DMF in 1 h. A reaction route involving 5-(formyloxymethyl)furfural (FMF) as an intermediate has been elucidated based on the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic data. Another promising biofuel, 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), was also synthesized with high selectivity from polymeric carbohydrate-rich biomass substrates by using a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst, that is [DMA]⁺ [CH₃SO₃]⁻, by etherification of HMF in ethanol.
Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India.
Sudipta
S
De
Saikat
S
Dutta
Basudeb
B
Saha
D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002384:Catalysis; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*
D056804:Biofuels; D005663:Furans; C036909:lignocellulose; D005632:Fructose; D008031:Lignin; C037555:2,5-dimethylfuran