Therapeutic attenuation of neuroinflammation and apoptosis by black tea theaflavin in chronic MPTP/probenecid model of Parkinson's disease.
Neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental and clinical Parkinson's disease (PD). This study focused on the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of theaflavin (TF), a black tea polyphenol against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with 10 doses of MPTP (25 mg/kg, s.c.) and probenecid (250 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3.5 days interval. TF (10 mg/kg) was administered 1 h prior to the administration of MPTP for 35 days of experimental period. MPTP/p treatment upregulates the release of interleukin-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10, glial fibrillary acidic protein and Bax, and downregulates anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Oral treatment of black tea polyphenol TF significantly attenuates MPTP-induced neuroinflammation as well as apoptosis. Behavioral studies (catalepsy and akinesia) were carried out to confirm these molecular studies. The results demonstrate that TF mediated its neuroprotection against chronic MPTP-induced toxicity through the involvement of multiple molecular events. It was concluded that TF may provide a precious therapeutic strategy for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative disease such as PD in future.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Annadurai
A
Anandhan
Musthafa Mohamed
MM
Essa
Thamilarasan
T
Manivasagam
D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002392:Catechin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011339:Probenecid / Q000633:toxicity; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D044946:Biflavonoids; D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C056068:theaflavin; D002392:Catechin; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011339:Probenecid