[Treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and facial synkinesis with botulinum toxin].
Involuntary facial movements are caused by various diseases. This article describes three of these diseases: blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and facial synkinesis following facial nerve paralysis. The different etiologies, clinical symptoms and diagnosis are discussed. A common therapeutic approach for these three diseases is presented. Involuntary facial movements can be reduced or even completely suppressed by local injections of botulinum toxin.
Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland. Jan.Winterhoff@med.uni-goettingen.de
J
J
Winterhoff
R
R
Laskawi
D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046608:Synkinesis / Q000188:drug therapy*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A