Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation is associated with free-living activity energy expenditure in the elderly.
The decline in activity energy expenditure underlies a range of age-associated pathological conditions, neuromuscular and neurological impairments, disability, and mortality. The majority (90%) of the energy needs of the human body are met by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is dependent on the coordinated expression and interaction of genes encoded in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We examined the role of mitochondrial genomic variation in free-living activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity levels (PAL) by sequencing the entire (~16.5 kilobases) mtDNA from 138 Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study participants. Among the common mtDNA variants, the hypervariable region 2 m.185G>A variant was significantly associated with AEE (p=0.001) and PAL (p=0.0005) after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Several unique nonsynonymous variants were identified in the extremes of AEE with some occurring at highly conserved sites predicted to affect protein structure and function. Of interest is the p.T194M, CytB substitution in the lower extreme of AEE occurring at a residue in the Qi site of complex III. Among participants with low activity levels, the burden of singleton variants was 30% higher across the entire mtDNA and OXPHOS complex I when compared to those having moderate to high activity levels. A significant pooled variant association across the hypervariable 2 region was observed for AEE and PAL. These results suggest that mtDNA variation is associated with free-living AEE in older persons and may generate new hypotheses by which specific mtDNA complexes, genes, and variants may contribute to the maintenance of activity levels in late life.
California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. gtranah@sfcc-cpmc.edu
Gregory J
GJ
Tranah
Ernest T
ET
Lam
Shana M
SM
Katzman
Michael A
MA
Nalls
Yiqiang
Y
Zhao
Daniel S
DS
Evans
Jennifer S
JS
Yokoyama
Ludmila
L
Pawlikowska
Pui-Yan
PY
Kwok
Sean
S
Mooney
Stephen
S
Kritchevsky
Bret H
BH
Goodpaster
Anne B
AB
Newman
Tamara B
TB
Harris
Todd M
TM
Manini
Steven R
SR
Cummings
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial