When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? a meta-analytic investigation.
The present meta-analytic study introduces an overall model of the relationships between job embeddedness and turnover outcomes. Drawing on 65 independent samples (N = 42,907), we found that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness negatively related to turnover intentions and actual turnover, after controlling for job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job alternatives. In addition, the negative relationships between on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) and turnover criteria were stronger in female-dominated samples and public organizations (collectivistic countries). Finally, turnover intentions, job search behavior, and job performance fully (partially) mediated the effect of on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) on actual turnover. The research and practical implications of our findings are noted, in light of study limitations and future research needs.
Department of Human Resource Management, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. kfjiang@eden.rutgers.edu
Kaifeng
K
Jiang
Dong
D
Liu
Patrick F
PF
McKay
Thomas W
TW
Lee
Terence R
TR
Mitchell
D002322:Career Mobility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009938:Organizations; D010558:Personnel Loyalty; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D017132:Workplace