Enzymatic mineralization of hydrogels for bone tissue engineering by incorporation of alkaline phosphatase.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone, is incorporated into three hydrogel biomaterials to induce their mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). These are collagen type I, a mussel-protein-inspired adhesive consisting of PEG substituted with catechol groups, cPEG, and the PEG/fumaric acid copolymer OPF. After incubation in Ca-GP solution, FTIR, EDS, SEM, XRD, SAED, ICP-OES, and von Kossa staining confirm CaP formation. The amount of mineral formed decreases in the order cPEG > collagen > OPF. The mineral:polymer ratio decreases in the order collagen > cPEG > OPF. Mineralization increases Young's modulus, most profoundly for cPEG. Such enzymatically mineralized hydrogel/CaP composites may find application as bone regeneration materials.
Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Timothy E L
TE
Douglas
Philip B
PB
Messersmith
Safak
S
Chasan
Antonios G
AG
Mikos
Eric L W
EL
de Mulder
Glenn
G
Dickson
David
D
Schaubroeck
Lieve
L
Balcaen
Frank
F
Vanhaecke
Peter
P
Dubruel
John A
JA
Jansen
Sander C G
SC
Leeuwenburgh
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005650:Fumarates / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024042:Collagen Type I; D005650:Fumarates; D020100:Hydrogels; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C032005:fumaric acid; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase