[Many issues about bone quality].
According to the present definition of osteoporosis, bone mineral density, architecture, and tissue material properties are important factors in determining bone strength. Bone matrix consists of a two-phase composite material in which the mineral phase provides stiffness and collagen provide tensile strength and ductility. The proposed determinants of bone strength at the material level are the degree of mineralization of basic structure units, microdamage accumulation, and collagen cross-link formation. These are regulated by cellular activities, tissue turnover rate, and the levels of oxidative stress and glycation. In this review, I describe the concerns regarding bone qualities.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Mitsuru
M
Saito
D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013718:Tensile Strength