Iodine status in pre-school children prior to mandatory iodine fortification in Australia.
The iodine status of children between the ages of 5 and 15 years has been routinely assessed in many countries, but few studies have examined iodine status in pre-school children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of pre-school children living in Adelaide, South Australia, between 2005 and 2007. Children 1-5 years old were identified using a unique sampling strategy to ensure that the study population was representative. A 3-day weighed diet record, a blood sample and a urine sample were obtained from each child. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the children (n = 279) was 129 µg L(-1), indicating iodine sufficiency (normal range: 100-199 µg L(-1)), but 35% of the children had a UIC < 100 µg L(-1). The median thyroglobulin concentration of children (n = 217) was 24 µg L(-1) and thyroglobulin concentration declined with increasing age (P = 0.024). The mean daily iodine intake was 76 µg. The intake of iodine was lower than expected and highlights difficulties in accurately assessing iodine intakes. Further studies are needed to monitor dietary changes and iodine status in this age group since the implementation of mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt in Australia in 2009.
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide., Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, School of Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Sheila
S
Skeaff
Ying
Y
Zhao
Robert
R
Gibson
Maria
M
Makrides
Shao Jia
SJ
Zhou
D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D013021:South Australia; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000652:urine
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D007455:Iodine