Early hypospadias repair: the contributions of Harvey Cushing.
OBJECTIVE
The early evolution of surgical reconstructive techniques has been well documented in the literature. However, a review of the Johns Hopkins hospital surgical files revealed an interesting participant in early hypospadias repair: Harvey Cushing (1869-1939).


METHODS
Following IRB approval, we reviewed the surgical records from 1896 to 1912 and selected from among his non-neurosurgical patients, one case of first-stage hypospadias repair.


RESULTS
Cushing operated upon the 21-year-old patient, performing a first-stage repair of hypospadias, in conjunction with a repair of a right inguinal hernia. The patient was discharged following a second stage operation. At that time, the patient was in good condition and was voiding appropriately. There was no further follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
The repair of hypospadias evolved through the work of European surgeons, from the mid-eighth century through the early nineteenth century. The case we report here illustrates Cushing's early work in the fields of urologic and plastic surgery.
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Courtney
C
Pendleton
Richard J
RJ
Redett
Alfredo
A
Quinones-Hinojosa
John
J
Gearhart
Amir H
AH
Dorafshar
D000328:Adult; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D013519:Urogenital Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods