The impact of AT1002 on the delivery of ritonavir in the presence of bioadhesive polymer, carrageenan.
New insights into the modification of the tight junctions theoretically offer the opportunity to regulate the diffusion barrier and then make it possible to investigate a permeation enhancer of low-bioavailability therapeutic agents. AT1002, a minimum biologically active fragment of zonula occludens toxin which reversibly opens intercellular tight junctions after binding to the Zonulin receptor, increased the transport of various molecular weight markers or low-bioavailability agents. The objective of this study was continuously to evaluate the permeation-enhancing ability of AT1002 in the presence of the bioadhesive agent, carrageenan after intranasal administration of the antiretroviral drug, ritonavir, and the permeation enhancement ratio compared with the previous results. The permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002 was significantly promoted by the bioadhesive agent, carrageenan. The administration of ritonavir with AT1002 and carrageenan resulted in a 2.55-fold increase in AUC(0-240min) and a 2.48-fold increase in C(max) compared with the control group. However, AT1002 in the absence of carrageenan did not produce a statistic enhancement in the absorption of ritonavir. Hence, AT1002 together with the addition of carrageenan may open a new approach of research in the tight junction modulated permeation enhancer, and allow the development of the mucosal drug delivery of therapeutic agents.
Pharmacokinetics-Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 21201, USA. beophyen@snu.ac.kr
Keon-Hyoung
KH
Song
Natalie D
ND
Eddington
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
C530561:AT1002; D009842:Oligopeptides; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D002351:Carrageenan; D019438:Ritonavir