Diversity and antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter spp. in water from the source to the tap.
Acinetobacter spp. are ubiquitous bacteria in the environment. Acinetobacter spp. isolated from a municipal drinking water treatment plant and from connected tap water were identified to the species level on the basis of rpoB gene partial sequence analysis. Intraspecies variation was assessed based on the analysis of partial sequences of housekeeping genes (rpoB, gyrB, and recA). Antibiotic resistance was characterized using the disk diffusion method and isolates were classified as wild or non-wild type (non-WT), according to the observed phenotype. The strains of Acinetobacter spp. were related to 11 different validly published species, although three groups of isolates, presenting low rpoB sequence similarities with previously described species, may represent new species. Most of the isolates were related to the species A. johnsonii and A. lwoffii. These two groups, as well as others related to the species A. parvus and A. tjernbergiae, were detected in the water treatment plant and in tap water. Other strains, related to the species A. pittii and A. beijerinckii, were isolated only from tap water. Most of the isolates (80 %) demonstrated wild type (WT) to all of the 12 antibiotics tested. Non-WT for tetracycline, meropenem, and ceftazidime, among others, were observed in water treatment plant or in tap water samples. Although, in general, this study suggests a low prevalence of acquired antibiotic resistance in water Acinetobacter spp., the potential of some species to acquire and disseminate resistance via drinking water is suggested.
CBQF, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
Carlos
C
Narciso-da-Rocha
Ivone
I
Vaz-Moreira
Liselott
L
Svensson-Stadler
Edward R B
ER
Moore
Célia M
CM
Manaia
D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D060766:Drinking Water; D011938:Rec A Recombinases; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C105078:RNA polymerase beta subunit; D027081:DNA Gyrase