Do Spaniards know their rights as patients?
BACKGROUND
In 2002, Spain introduced new legislation regulating the rights of patients. Spaniards have thus seen an increase in their capacity for decision-making, bringing them into line with many other countries. However, the law changes do not mean to be acquainted with the new legislation and therefore, putting it into practice.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse whether the rules governing patients' rights in Spain are sufficiently well known among patients and to identify the profile of those patients most aware of their rights.


METHODS
Cross-sectional quota-sampled survey study. A total of 790 patients discharged from hospitals or attended in primary care took a telephone survey, 773 replayed.


RESULTS
Twenty per cent had some knowledge of the rules governing patients' rights. Respondent characteristics that were associated with better knowledge of basic rights included: age of medical responsibility (P < 0.001), cases in which a doctor may inform family members (P < 0.001), whether or not a patient can refuse treatment (P < 0.001) and what is constituted by advance directives (P < 0.001). Patients who opt for a more active role in consultations with medical professionals show greater knowledge of their rights (P < 0.01). Age was related to greater ignorance of these rights (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Patients' knowledge of their rights is quite limited, making it difficult for them to assert those rights in specific medical encounters. The youngest patients, the most demanding, and those who prefer to have the last word in decisions are those with the best knowledge of their rights as patients.
Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Herna´ndez, Elche, Spain. jose.mira@umh.es
José Joaquín
JJ
Mira
Susana
S
Lorenzo
Mercedes
M
Guilabert
Virtudes
V
Pérez-Jover
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D028701:Patient Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult