Veterinary pediatrics of butterflies, moths, and other invertebrates.
In the life cycle of invertebrate animals, the typical life history includes the egg and larval stage, which may be called the pediatric phases, representing development up to the point where the animal reaches adulthood with fully functional reproductive organs and full adult characteristics of morphology, coloration, physiology, and behavior. These typical immature or pediatric stages are found in both terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. This article reviews the factors that impact the health and survival of juvenile stages of butterflies and moths in particular, and what can be done to extend veterinarian care and advice to clients to invertebrate problems.
Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. tcemmel@ufl.edu
Thomas C
TC
Emmel
D000818:Animals; D002080:Butterflies / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*