Myocardial strain abnormalities in fetal congenital heart disease assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography.
OBJECTIVE
To compare myocardial deformation patterns in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) with our reference range using speckle tracking echocardiography.


METHODS
We prospectively stored and analyzed 4-chamber loops of 28 fetuses with CHD (median gestation 27 weeks, range 20.9-37.0). The peak longitudinal left (LVs) and right (RVs) ventricular free wall Lagrangian strain and LV/RV strain ratio were measured from Syngo VVI software- (Siemens) derived original coordinates. Strain values from the first examination were compared with normative data from the same population using ANOVA with post hoc tests and serial examinations described in 14 fetuses.


RESULTS
Simple shunt lesions (0.82) and shunts with pulmonary stenosis or atresia (0.93) had reduced mean LV/RV strain ratios compared to normal fetuses (1.01; 95% CI 0.97-1.05). Fetuses with hypoplastic left heart had the lowest (0.29), and those with Ebstein the highest (1.55), LV:RV ratio. Serial measurements showed increased LVs in aortic coarctation and aortic stenosis, but not in one developing important mitral regurgitation. Increased right ventricular loading in a fetus developing pulmonary regurgitation was associated with increasing RVs.


CONCLUSIONS
Myocardial strain reflects the changing physiology of fetal CHD. Speckle tracking might be a useful tool to study the progress of myocardial function in affected fetuses.
Reproductive Biology, Division of Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Ioannis
I
Germanakis
Hikoro
H
Matsui
Helena M
HM
Gardiner
D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005865:Gestational Age; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording