Surgical treatment of primary headaches.
Neuromodulation for the treatment of drug-refractory cranial neuralgias constitutes an exciting field of research for physicians; in the last decade, several methodologies have been described which could help many patients to exit such desperate conditions; although the exact mechanisms of action of these techniques are still matter of debate, several experimental and neuroradiological modalities can help us to get near the concept of understanding them. In this paper, the authors summarize the most recent surgical procedures used to treat severe and pharmaco-resistant cranial painful conditions, along with brief descriptions of the results obtained in the several published so far.
Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Angelo
A
Franzini
Giuseppe
G
Messina
Roberto
R
Cordella
Alberto
A
Proietti Cecchini
Massimo
M
Leone
Gennaro
G
Bussone
D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D051270:Headache Disorders, Primary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome