Mode of regulation and the insulation of bacterial gene expression.
A gene can be said to be insulated from environmental variations if its expression level depends only on its cognate inducers, and not on variations in conditions. We tested the insulation of the lac promoter of E. coli and of synthetic constructs in which the transcription factor CRP acts as either an activator or a repressor, by measuring their input function-their expression as a function of inducers-in different growth conditions. We find that the promoter activities show sizable variation across conditions of 10%-100% (SD/mean). When the promoter is bound to its cognate regulator(s), variation across conditions is smaller than when it is unbound. Thus, mode of regulation affects insulation: activators seem to show better insulation at high expression levels, and repressors at low expression levels. This may explain the Savageau demand rule, in which E. coli genes needed often in the natural environment tend to be regulated by activators, and rarely needed genes by repressors. The present approach can be used to study insulation in other genes and organisms.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Vered
V
Sasson
Irit
I
Shachrai
Anat
A
Bren
Erez
E
Dekel
Uri
U
Alon
D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D007763:Lac Operon; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C481662:crp protein, E coli; D000242:Cyclic AMP