Comparison of tear protein levels in breast cancer patients and healthy             controls using a de novo proteomic approach.
Noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for early detection of breast             cancer since the risk of recurrence, morbidity and mortality are closely related             to disease stage at the time of primary surgery. In the past decade, many proteomics-based             approaches were developed that utilize the protein profiling of human body fluids             or identification of putative biomarkers to obtain more knowledge on the effects             of cancer emergence and progression. Herein, we report on an analysis of proteins             in the tear fluid from breast carcinoma patients and healthy women using a de novo             proteomic approach and 25 mixed samples from each group. This study included 25             patients with primary invasive breast carcinoma and 25 age-matched healthy controls.             We performed a MALDI-TOF-TOF-driven semi-quantitative comparison of tear protein             levels in cancer (CA) and control (CTRL) using a de novo approach in pooled samples.             Over 150 proteins in the tear fluid of CTRL and CA were identified. Using an in-house-developed             algorithm we found more than 20 proteins distinctly upregulated or downregulated             in the CTRL and CA groups. We identified several proteins that had modified expression             in breast cancer patients. These proteins are involved in host immune system pathways             (e.g., C1Q1 or S100A8) and different metabolic cascades (ALDH3A or TPI). Further             validation of the results in an independent population combined with individual             protein profiling of participants is needed to confirm the specificity of our             findings and may lead to a better understanding of the pathological mechanism             of breast cancer.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany. daniel.boehm@unimedizin-mainz.de
Daniel
D
Böhm
Ksenia
K
Keller
Julia
J
Pieter
Nils
N
Boehm
Dominik
D
Wolters
Wulf
W
Siggelkow
Antje
A
Lebrecht
Marcus
M
Schmidt
Heinz
H
Kölbl
Norbert
N
Pfeiffer
Franz-Hermann
FH
Grus
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005136:Eye Proteins; D020543:Proteome; C042434:tear proteins