Molecular imaging of mesothelioma with (99m)Tc-ECG and (68)Ga-ECG.
We have developed ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (ECG) as an alternative to (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) for cancer imaging. ECG localizes in the nuclear components of cells via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. This study was to evaluate the feasibility of imaging mesothelioma with (99m)Tc-ECG and (68)Ga-ECG. ECG was synthesized from thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-D-glucopyranose, followed by reduction in sodium and liquid ammonia to yield ECG (52%). ECG was chelated with (99m)Tc/tin (II) and (68)Ga/(69)Ga chloride for in vitro and in vivo studies in mesothelioma. The highest tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-ECG is 0.47 at 30 min post injection, and declined to 0.08 at 240 min post injection. Tumor uptake (%ID/g), tumor/lung, tumor/blood, and tumor/muscle count density ratios for (99m)Tc-ECG (30-240 min) were 0.47 ± 0.06 to 0.08 ± 0.01; 0.71 ± 0.07 to 0.85 ± 0.04; 0.47 ± 0.03 to 0.51 ± 0.01, and 3.49 ± 0.24 to 5.06 ± 0.25; for (68)Ga-ECG (15-60 min) were 0.70 ± 0.06 to 0.92 ± 0.08; 0.64 ± 0.05 to 1.15 ± 0.08; 0.42 ± 0.03 to 0.67 ± 0.07, and 3.84 ± 0.52 to 7.00 ± 1.42; for (18)F-FDG (30-180 min) were 1.86 ± 0.22 to 1.38 ± 0.35; 3.18 ± 0.44 to 2.92 ± 0.34, 4.19 ± 0.44 to 19.41 ± 2.05 and 5.75 ± 2.55 to 3.33 ± 0.65, respectively. Tumor could be clearly visualized with (99m)Tc-ECG and (68)Ga-ECG in mesothelioma-bearing rats. (99m)Tc-ECG and (68)Ga-ECG showed increased uptake in mesothelioma, suggesting they may be useful in diagnosing mesothelioma and also monitoring therapeutic response.
Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
Yin-Han
YH
Zhang
Jerry
J
Bryant
Fan-Lin
FL
Kong
Dong-Fang
DF
Yu
Richard
R
Mendez
E
E
Edmund Kim
David J
DJ
Yang
D000818:Animals; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D005708:Gallium; D005944:Glucosamine; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011868:Radioisotopes; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011868:Radioisotopes; C073806:technetium Tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine; D005708:Gallium; D003545:Cysteine; D005944:Glucosamine