Obesity-related hepatocellular carcinoma: roles of risk factors altered in obesity.
Epidemiological data have demonstrated that the prevalence of either obesity or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide during past decades, and obesity has been unequivocally shown to be a risk factor for HCC. It has been reported that a significant proportion of HCC in obesity develops in cryptogenic cirrhosis, which is largely associated with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Since the HCC is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms may help researchers to explore new approaches for preventing and treating the obesity-related HCC, and thereby facilitating a substantial reduction of morbidity and mortality. In this article, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and HCC, with an emphasis on the roles of insulin/insulin-like growth factor axis, adipose tissue derived hormones, oxidative stress, and liver stem cells. In addition, we will discuss the impact of life-style modification on obesity-related HCC.
Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Chuan
C
Shen
Cai-Yan
CY
Zhao
Rongxin
R
Zhang
Liang
L
Qiao
D054392:Adipokines / Q000502:physiology; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology; D008019:Life Style; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D006133:Growth Substances; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D013002:Somatomedins