Inflammasomes in liver diseases.
Inflammation is a common element in the pathogenesis of most chronic liver diseases that lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inflammation is characterized by activation of innate immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNFα. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes expressed in both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of the liver that in response to cellular danger signals activate caspase-1, and release IL-1β and IL-18. The importance of inflammasome activation in various forms of liver diseases in relation to liver damage, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis is discussed in this review.
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. gyongyi.szabo@umassmed.edu
Gyongyi
G
Szabo
Timea
T
Csak
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D000070576:NLR Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
C410167:AIM2 protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D000070576:NLR Proteins; C435692:NLRC4 protein, human; C427903:NLRP1 protein, human; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020170:Caspase 1