Polyphenols in madhumega chooranam, a Siddha medicine, ameliorates carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress in type II diabetic rats.
BACKGROUND
Present study was undertaken to demonstrate the mode of anti-diabetic action of a polyherbal Siddha Medicine, Madhumega chooranam (MMC).


METHODS
MMC was fractionated into phenolic (PMMC) and non-phenolic (NPMMC) portions in order to identify bioactive fraction. Study was performed in type II diabetic rats. Role of PMMC and NPMMC on liver glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucokinase and glycogen content were determined. Their role on superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation were investigated. In addition, their effects on GLUT4 and PPARγ gene expression were studied. Pancreas and liver histopathology was studied using hematoxylin and eosin stain.


RESULTS
PMMC improved carbohydrate metabolism by decreasing glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and increasing glucokinase and glycogen contents in diabetic rats liver. It alleviated oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione and decreasing lipid peroxidation content. PMMC up-regulated liver GLUT4 and PPARγ mRNA expression in comparison to the vehicle or NPMMC rats.


CONCLUSIONS
Madhumega chooranam mediates its anti-diabetic action through the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and activation of glycolytic pathways in type II diabetic rats. Increased GLUT4 and PPARγ expressions provide additional information on its glucose uptake/sensitising and hypolipidemic potential. Phenolic components of MMC were found to be the bioactive principles.
Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFT), Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600 116, TN, India.
Chidambaram
C
Saravana Babu
Sekar
S
Sathiya
Chandrasekaran
C
Anbarasi
Nettam
N
Prathyusha
Ganapathy
G
Ramakrishnan
Periyathambi
P
Kalaivani
Raju
R
Jyothi Priya
Krishnamoorthy
K
Selvarajan Kesavanarayanan
Murugappapillai
M
Verammal Mahadevan
Sadagopan
S
Thanikachalam
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
D000975:Antioxidants; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D006003:Glycogen; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005941:Glucokinase; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione