The musculoskeletal effects of perioperative smoking.
Although the carcinogenic consequences of smoking are well known, further research is needed on the effects of smoking on musculoskeletal health and surgical outcomes. Orthopaedic perioperative complications of smoking include impaired healing, increased infection, delayed and/or impaired fracture union and arthrodesis, and inferior arthroplasty outcomes. The incorporation of smoking cessation protocols such as transdermal patches, chewing gum, lozenges, inhalers, sprays, bupropion, and varenicline in the perioperative period may result in substantial benefits for patients' musculoskeletal and general health.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
Evan
E
Argintar
Kostas
K
Triantafillou
John
J
Delahay
Brent
B
Wiesel
D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D059035:Perioperative Period; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices