Management of calcaneal fractures: what have we learnt over the years?
Calcaneal fractures result, in many cases, in, subtalar joint stiffness and severe disability. Diagnosis is usually made by X-ray, but more accurately by a computed tomography (CT) scan. In the last years, much has been known regarding its physiopathology and osteosynthesis. Although new developments in osteosynthesis materials have been made, calcaneus fractures still remains in dispute of those advocating non-operative treatment and those defending open reduction and internal fixation. Less invasive surgery, arthroscopy and three-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy are very important for reduction accuracy and soft-tissue damage avoidance. In this article, the physiopathology, diagnosis, classification and treatment of calcaneus fractures are updated. Nevertheless, systematic reviews have shown no evidence about what treatment is better.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain. eguerado@hcs.es
Enrique
E
Guerado
María Luisa
ML
Bertrand
Juan Ramón
JR
Cano
D001182:Arthroscopy; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013380:Subtalar Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome