Basal omega-3 fatty acid status affects fatty acid and oxylipin responses to high-dose n3-HUFA in healthy volunteers.
A subject's baseline FA composition may influence the ability of dietary highly unsaturated omega-3 FAs (n3-HUFA) to change circulating profiles of esterified FAs and their oxygenated metabolites. This study evaluates the influence of basal n3-HUFA and n3-oxylipin status on the magnitude of response to n3-HUFA consumption. Blood was collected from fasting subjects (n = 30) before and after treatment (4 weeks; 11 ± 2 mg/kg/day n3-HUFA ethyl esters). Esterified FAs were quantified in erythrocytes, platelets, and plasma by GC-MS. Esterified oxylipins were quantified in plasma by LC-MS/MS. Treatment with n3-HUFAs increased n3-HUFAs and decreased n6-HUFAs in all reservoirs and increased plasma n3-oxylipins without significantly changing n6-oxylipin concentrations. As subject basal n3-HUFAs increased, treatment-associated changes decreased, and this behavior was reflected in the percentage of 20:5n3 + 22:6n3 in red blood cell membrane FAs (i.e., the omega-3 index). To maintain an omega-3 index of 8% and thus reduce cardiovascular disease risk, our analyses suggest a maintenance dose of 7 mg/kg/day n3-HUFA ethyl esters for a 70-kg individual. These results suggest that the basal n3 index may have clinical utility to establish efficacious therapeutic experimental feeding regimens and to evaluate the USDA Dietary Guidelines recommendations for n3-HUFA consumption.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Alison H
AH
Keenan
Theresa L
TL
Pedersen
Kristi
K
Fillaus
Mark K
MK
Larson
Gregory C
GC
Shearer
John W
JW
Newman
D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004951:Esterification / Q000187:drug effects; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D054883:Oxylipins