Associations of cytokines, sleep patterns, and neurocognitive function in youth with HIV infection.
Youth infected with HIV at birth often have sleep disturbances, neurocognitive deficits, and abnormal psychosocial function which are associated with and possibly resulted from elevated blood cytokine levels that may lead to a decreased quality of life. To identify molecular pathways that might be associated with these disorders, we evaluated 38 HIV-infected and 35 uninfected subjects over 18-months for intracellular cytokine levels, sleep patterns and duration of sleep, and neurodevelopmental abilities. HIV infection was significantly associated with alterations of intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12), sleep factors (total time asleep and daytime sleep patterns), and neurocognitive factors (parent and patient reported problems with socio-emotional, behavioral, and executive functions; working memory-mental fatigue; verbal memory; and sustained concentration and vigilance. By better defining the relationships between HIV infection, sleep disturbances, and poor psychosocial behavior and neurocognition, it may be possible to provide targeted pharmacologic and procedural interventions to improve these debilitating conditions.
Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Samuel B
SB
Foster
Ming
M
Lu
Daniel G
DG
Glaze
James M
JM
Reuben
Lynnette L
LL
Harris
Evan N
EN
Cohen
Bang-Ning
BN
Lee
Enxu
E
Zhao
Mary E
ME
Paul
Heidi
H
Schwarzwald
Chivon
C
McMullen-Jackson
Charla
C
Clark
F Daniel
FD
Armstrong
Pim Y
PY
Brouwers
Tracie L
TL
Miller
Andrew A
AA
Colin
Gwendolyn B
GB
Scott
Shahriar
S
Shahzeidi
Elizabeth J
EJ
Willen
Deshratn
D
Asthana
Steven E
SE
Lipshultz
Bruce W
BW
Thompson
William T
WT
Shearer
D000293:Adolescent; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*
D016207:Cytokines