Preventing gastric sieving by blending a solid/water meal enhances satiation in healthy humans.
Separation of solids and liquids within the stomach allows faster gastric emptying of liquids compared with solids, a phenomenon known as sieving. We tested the hypothesis that blending a solid and water meal would abolish sieving, preventing the early rapid decrease in gastric volume and thereby enhancing satiety. We carried out 2 separate studies. Study 1 was a 2-way, crossover, satiety study of 22 healthy volunteers who consumed roasted chicken and vegetables with a glass of water (1008 kJ) or the same blended to a soup. They completed satiety visual analogue scales at intervals for 3 h. Study 2 was a 2-way, crossover, mechanistic study of 18 volunteers who consumed the same meals and underwent an MRI to assess gastric emptying, gallbladder contraction, and small bowel water content (SBWC) at intervals for 3 h. In Study 1, the soup meal was associated with reduced hunger (P = 0.02). In Study 2, the volume of the gastric contents after the soup meal decreased more slowly than after the solid/liquid meal (P = 0.0003). The soup meal caused greater gallbladder contraction (P < 0.04). SBWC showed a biphasic response with an initial "gastric" phase during which SBWC was greater when the solid/liquid meal was consumed (P < 0.001) and a later "small bowel" phase when SBWC was greater when the soup meal was consumed (P < 0.01). Blending the solid/liquid meal to a soup delayed gastric emptying and increased the hormonal response to feeding, which may contribute to enhanced postprandial satiety.
Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
Luca
L
Marciani
Nicholas
N
Hall
Susan E
SE
Pritchard
Eleanor F
EF
Cox
John J
JJ
Totman
Mita
M
Lad
Caroline L
CL
Hoad
Tim J
TJ
Foster
Penny A
PA
Gowland
Robin C
RC
Spiller
D000328:Adult; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000502:physiology*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology*; D014675:Vegetables; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology*
D014867:Water