Intracerebral hemorrhage from cerebral venous thrombosis.
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of stroke with the incidence of 0.5 % from all strokes. The clinical presentation with cerebral hemorrhage constitutes a diagnostic challenge. Approximately one- third of CVT patients developed intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Associated factors include older age, female sex, acute onset (48 h), headache, decreased level of consciousness, seizure, elevated blood pressure and papilledema. MRI and MR venogram is the most recommend diagnostic modality in CVT. Anticoagulation therapy is the most commonly accepted treatment even in patients with ICH related CVT. Mechanical thrombectomy/thrombolysis may be considered in patients with neurological deterioration despite intensive medical treatment. Intracerebral hemorrhage in the context of CVT is usually associated with poorer outcomes compared to CVT without ICH.
Stroke Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada. PongmoragotJ@smh.ca
Jitphapa
J
Pongmoragot
Gustavo
G
Saposnik
D000367:Age Factors; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002550:Cerebral Veins; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents