Heart failure with normal ejection fraction: a growing pandemic.
Heart failure is a heterogeneous syndrome. Approximately 30-50% of patients with heart failure have normal or near normal left ventricle function. Several epidemiological studies confirm that the prevalence of heart failure with normal ejection fraction is increasing. Given the current trends, heart failure with normal ejection fraction will become the most common form of heart failure, for which we do not currently have an evidence-based successful treatment. This article summarizes the etiology, current recommended guidelines and management options for this clinical manifestation.
University of Aberdeen, Level 3, Polwarth building, Foresterhill campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. s.singh@abdn.ac.uk
Satnam
S
Singh
Michael
M
Frenneaux
D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004077:Digoxin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014943:Global Health; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D058873:Pandemics; D015995:Prevalence; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D004077:Digoxin