Spanish normative studies in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults project): norms for Stroop Color-Word Interference and Tower of London-Drexel University tests.
BACKGROUND
The Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (Stroop) measures cognitive flexibility, selective attention, cognitive inhibition and information processing speed. The Tower of London-Drexel University version test (TOL) assesses higher-order problem solving and executive planning abilities.


OBJECTIVE
In this study, as part of the Spanish normative studies project in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults), we present normative data for the Stroop and young adults TOL tests.


METHODS
The sample consisted of 179 participants who are cognitively normal and range in age from 18 to 49 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to scaled scores. Scores adjusted for sociodemographic factors were obtained by applying linear regression techniques.


RESULTS
No effects were found for age and sex in either test. Educational level impacted most of the Stroop test variables and some of the TOL scores (Total Moves score and Total Initiation Time score).


CONCLUSIONS
The norms obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical evaluation of young Spanish adults.
Grupo de Neurología de la Conducta y Demencias, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Hospital del Mar IMIM, Barcelona, España.
T
T
Rognoni
M
M
Casals-Coll
G
G
Sánchez-Benavides
M
M
Quintana
R M
RM
Manero
L
L
Calvo
R
R
Palomo
F
F
Aranciva
F
F
Tamayo
J
J
Peña-Casanova
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004522:Educational Status; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011340:Problem Solving; D012016:Reference Values; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D057190:Stroop Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult