Initiating artificial nutrition support: a clinical judgement analysis.
BACKGROUND
Variations in the practice of artificial nutrition are partly a result of the judgements of clinicians. Little is known about these judgements, the decision processes used or the quality of the decisions that arise. The methodology of clinical judgement analysis describes and explains judgemental differences between clinicians and offers a window into why clinician choices sometimes fail to correspond with current best practice guidelines.


METHODS
A clinical judgement analysis with 27 clinicians using two judgement tasks was carried out. Clinicians expressed their 'likelihood of feeding' and 'whether or not they would initiate artificial nutrition support' in response to 54 patient scenarios. Measures of agreement between clinicians, the degree of linear reasoning employed, their judgemental consistency and concordance with National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines were assessed.


RESULTS
Clinicians' judgements varied substantially both in the amount of information employed and the weighting given to information. Clinicians had only moderate agreement with NICE recommendations and overestimated the need for artificial nutrition support. Suboptimal judgements were consistently applied by clinicians. When clinicians reasoned in more linear ways, their judgements and decisions improved.


CONCLUSIONS
Overestimating the need for artificial nutritional support may inflate health service costs and increase risks for patients unnecessarily. A better understanding by clinicians of the information needed (as well as how to use it) for artificial nutrition support initiation may help improve clinical decision-making.
Department of Health Sciences, The University of York, York, UK. smb514@york.ac.uk
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D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003657:Decision Making; D004046:Dietetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017048:Health Care Costs; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000628:therapy*; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000523:psychology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data