Life cycle Greenhouse gas emissions of current Oil Sands Technologies: surface mining and in situ applications.
Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with two major recovery and extraction processes currently utilized in Alberta's oil sands, surface mining and in situ, are quantified. Process modules are developed and integrated into a life cycle model-GHOST (GreenHouse gas emissions of current Oil Sands Technologies) developed in prior work. Recovery and extraction of bitumen through surface mining and in situ processes result in 3-9 and 9-16 g CO(2)eq/MJ bitumen, respectively; upgrading emissions are an additional 6-17 g CO(2)eq/MJ synthetic crude oil (SCO) (all results are on a HHV basis). Although a high degree of variability exists in well-to-wheel emissions due to differences in technologies employed, operating conditions, and product characteristics, the surface mining dilbit and the in situ SCO pathways have the lowest and highest emissions, 88 and 120 g CO(2)eq/MJ reformulated gasoline. Through the use of improved data obtained from operating oil sands projects, we present ranges of emissions that overlap with emissions in literature for conventional crude oil. An increased focus is recommended in policy discussions on understanding interproject variability of emissions of both oil sands and conventional crudes, as this has not been adequately represented in previous studies.
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. jbergers@ucalgary.ca
Joule A
JA
Bergerson
Oyeshola
O
Kofoworola
Alex D
AD
Charpentier
Sylvia
S
Sleep
Heather L
HL
Maclean
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000416:Alberta; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D008906:Mining / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014186:Transportation
D000393:Air Pollutants; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D009821:Oils; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C006647:asphalt