Renewed avenues through exercise muscle contractility and inflammatory status.
Physical inactivity leads to the accumulation of visceral fat and, consequently, to the activation of a network of inflammatory pathways which may promote development of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and tumour growth. These conditions belong to the "diseasome of physical inactivity". In contrast, the protective effect of regular exercise against diseases associated with chronic inflammation may to some extent be ascribed to an anti-inflammatory effect. The so called "acute exercise threshold", the complex mixture of several variables involved in exercise, such as type, volume, frequency, and intensity range is capable of inducing positive physiological adaptations and has been specifically addressed in the recent literature. The major concern is related to the level of the threshold: "exercise training shifts from a therapeutic adaptive intervention to one with potential pathological consequences". Nonetheless, if the mechanical stimulus is too weak to disrupt cellular homeostasis, training adaptations will not occur. Answering these questions could present practical applications, especially during inflammatory diseases associated with detrimental muscle effects and could theoretically constitute a "new" therapeutic approach to treat/improve an inflammatory state. This paper aims to describe specific data from the literature regarding the effects of exercise on inflammatory diseases in order to promote a more sophisticated perspective on the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, 05508-030 São Paulo, Brazil. neloz@ig.com.br
Nelo Eidy
NE
Zanchi
Felipe Natali
FN
Almeida
Fábio Santos
FS
Lira
José César
JC
Rosa Neto
Humberto
H
Nicastro
Claudia Ribeiro
CR
da Luz
Mário Alves
MA
de Siqueira Filho
Vitor
V
Felitti
Mariz
M
Vainzof
Marilia
M
Seelaender
Jacques R
JR
Poortmans
Antonio Herbert
AH
Lancha
D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000276:immunology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009220:Myositis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*