A randomized controlled trial of telephone motivational interviewing to enhance mental health treatment engagement in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.
OBJECTIVE
To test the efficacy of telephone-administered motivational interviewing (MI) to enhance treatment engagement in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with mental health (MH) problems.


METHODS
Between April 23, 2008, and February 25, 2011, 73 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who screened positive for ≥1 MH problem(s) on telephone-administered psychometric assessment, but were not engaged in treatment, were randomized to either personalized referral for MH services and four sessions of telephone MI or standard referral and four neutral telephone check-in sessions (control) at baseline, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Blinded assessment occurred at 8 and 16 weeks.


RESULTS
In intent-to-treat analyses, 62% assigned to telephone MI engaged in MH treatment compared to 26% of controls [relative risk (RR)=2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.33-4.37, P=.004], which represented a large effect size (Cohen's h=0.74). Participants in the MI group also demonstrated significantly greater retention in MH treatment than controls [MI mean visits (S.D.)=1.68 (2.73) and control mean visits (S.D.)=0.38 (0.81), incidence rate ratio (IRR)=4.36, 95% CI=1.96-9.68, P<.001], as well as significant reductions in stigma and marijuana use at 8 weeks (P<.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Telephone MI enhances MH treatment engagement in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with MH problems.
San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. Karen.Seal@va.gov
Karen H
KH
Seal
Linda
L
Abadjian
Nicole
N
McCamish
Ying
Y
Shi
Gary
G
Tarasovsky
Kenneth
K
Weingardt
D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics; D013689:Telephone; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult