Rapidly progressive dementia due to leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the central nervous system.
A 70-year-old male was admitted with a 2-week progressive course of severe cognitive impairment, scoring three on the Mini Mental State Examination. MRI of the brain showed confluent hyperintense areas in T2/FLAIR in the periventricular and subcortical white matter, extending to right parietal cortex and basal ganglia. Intra-arterial angiography was unremarkable. A targeted stereotactic brain biopsy disclosed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient improved on steroids. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis adds to the spectrum of histopathologic subtypes of primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. mcarolinapires@gmail.com
Carolina
C
Pires
Henda
H
Foreid
Cândida
C
Barroso
José Manuel
JM
Ferro
D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020293:Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone