Lower urinary tract symptoms from childhood to adulthood: a population based study of 594 Finnish individuals 4 to 26 years old.
OBJECTIVE
We evaluated voiding habits and lower urinary tract symptoms by age and gender in a large population of individuals from childhood to adulthood.


METHODS
We studied a cross-sectional sample of 594 individuals 4 to 26 years old randomly selected from the population register of Finland. Participants anonymously answered a detailed postal questionnaire on lower urinary tract symptoms. Parents assisted respondents younger than 16 years. Results were analyzed by age group (4 to 7, 8 to 12, 13 to 17 and 18 to 26 years) and gender. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
The prevalence of urge incontinence significantly decreased with age (45% in respondents 4 to 7 years vs 10% in respondents 13 to 17 years, p <0.05). Urinary tract infections and urge and stress incontinence were more common in females (16% to 32%) than in males (2% to 4%) older than 12 years (p <0.05). The occurrence of some type of minor daytime urinary incontinence was reported by approximately a fourth of the study population, with a significant decline in prevalence between ages 4 to 7 years and 8 to 12 years (p <0.05). Minor urinary incontinence was significantly more common in females older than 12 years. Frequent urinary incontinence affected only 4% of respondents, most of whom were younger than 12 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Bladder control and urinary function exhibit considerable variation with age and gender. Due to the imperfections in bladder control in the general population, the evaluation of urinary tract disorders and outcomes of surgery in children and adolescents should be conducted with reference to control data according to age and gender.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland. kristiina.kyrklund@hus.fi
Kristiina
K
Kyrklund
Seppo
S
Taskinen
Risto J
RJ
Rintala
Mikko P
MP
Pakarinen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult