Effects of different amine fluoride concentrations on enamel remineralization.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of decreasing fluoride concentrations on repeated demineralizing challenges on human enamel.


METHODS
In 24 teeth, 3mm×3mm windows were prepared on the buccal and lingual sides and treated in a cycling demineralization-remineralization model. Remineralization was achieved with 100, 10 and 0.1 ppm fluoride from anime fluoride. Coronal sections were cut through the artificial lesions, and three sections per tooth were investigated using polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with quantitative element analysis.


RESULTS
The morphology of the lesions was studied, and the extensions of the superficial layer and the body of the lesion were measured. Using element analysis, the Ca, P and F content were determined. The body of the lesion appeared remineralized after application of 100 ppm fluoride, while remineralization of the lesion was less successful after application of 10 and 0.1 ppm fluoride. The thickness of the superficial layer increased with decreasing fluoride concentrations, and also the extension of the body of the lesion increased. Ca and P content increased with increasing fluoride concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
The effectiveness of fluoride in enamel remineralization increased with increasing fluoride concentration.


CONCLUSIONS
A consistently higher level of fluoride in saliva should be a goal in caries prevention.
University of Witten/Herdecke, Faculty of Health, School of Dentistry, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 50, Witten, Germany.
E A
EA
Naumova
N
N
Niemann
L
L
Aretz
W H
WH
Arnold
D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013696:Temperature; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000628:therapy; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
D000588:Amines; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D010758:Phosphorus; D019346:Sodium Acetate; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002482:Cellulose; C002283:hydroxyethylcellulose; C013216:potassium phosphate; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D019342:Acetic Acid; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium