Periodontal regeneration employing gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells: an animal study.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the periodontal regenerative potential of gingival margin-derived multipotent postnatal stem/progenitor cells.


METHODS
Periodontal defects were induced at six sites in eight miniature pigs in the premolar/molar area (-4 weeks). Autologous cells isolated from the gingival margin were magnetically sorted using STRO-1 antibodies and characterized flow cytometrically for the expression of CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD117 and STRO-1 surface markers. Colony formation and multilineage differentiation potential were tested. The cells were expanded and loaded on deproteinized bovine cancellous bone (DBCB) and Collagen scaffolds. Within every miniature pig, six periodontal defects were randomly treated with loaded-DBCB (test group 1), unloaded-DBCB (control group 1), loaded-Collagen scaffolds (test group 2), unloaded-Collagen scaffolds (control group 1), scaling and root planing (negative control 1) or left untreated (negative control 2). Differences in clinical attachment level (ΔCAL), probing depth (ΔPD), gingival recession (ΔGR) and radiographic defect volume (ΔRDV) between baseline and 12 weeks, as well as histological attachment level (HAL), junctional epithelium length (JE) and connective tissue adhesion (CTA) after 12 weeks were evaluated.


RESULTS
Isolated cells showed stem/progenitor cell characteristics. Cell-loaded scaffolds showed higher ΔCAL, ΔPD, ΔGR, HAL and lower JE and CTA compared with unloaded scaffolds and negative controls. The sort of scaffold had no significant influence on the measured outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells show significant periodontal regenerative potential.
Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
Karim M
KM
Fawzy El-Sayed
Sebastian
S
Paris
Stephan T
ST
Becker
Matthias
M
Neuschl
Wiebke
W
De Buhr
Sonja
S
Sälzer
Andreas
A
Wulff
Mahmoud
M
Elrefai
Mona S
MS
Darhous
Manal
M
El-Masry
Jörg
J
Wiltfang
Christof E
CE
Dörfer
D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D008334:Mandible; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds