IgA anti-epidermal transglutaminase autoantibodies: a sensible and sensitive marker for diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis in adult patients.
BACKGROUND
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a rare gluten-sensitive blistering itchy skin disease, strictly related to coeliac disease (CD). Direct immunofluorescence, demonstrating IgA granular deposits localized either in the dermal papillae or along the dermo-epidermal junction, is currently the gold standard for diagnosis of DH. It has been shown that DH immunocomplexes contain epidermal transglutaminase (eTG) and that sera from patients with DH contain antibodies specifically directed against eTG.


OBJECTIVE
We studied the usefulness of serum eTG antibodies in discriminating between DH, CD and other gastrointestinal and dermatologic diseases.


METHODS
eTG antibodies were tested in 308 adult patients' sera: 44 patients with untreated dermatitis herpetiformis (UDH), 99 patients with untreated coeliac disease (UCD), 70 dermatological controls and 95 gastrointestinal controls.


RESULTS
In UDH eTG antibody levels were significantly higher than in DH patients on gluten-free diet, UCD, gastrointestinal controls and dermatological controls. In UCD eTG antibodies strongly correlated with tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies, whereas in UDH no significant correlation was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Serum IgA eTG antibody determination can efficiently distinguish UDH from other dermatological itchy diseases and is highly sensitive to gluten-free diet.
Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, Institute of Dermatology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
G
G
Borroni
F
F
Biagi
O
O
Ciocca
C
C
Vassallo
A
A
Carugno
R
R
Cananzi
J
J
Campanella
P I
PI
Bianchi
V
V
Brazzelli
G R
GR
Corazza
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D003874:Dermatitis Herpetiformis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D011503:Transglutaminases; C105804:transglutaminase 1