Brain expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) identifies human disease-associated variants.
Genetic variants that modify brain gene expression may also influence risk for human diseases. We measured expression levels of 24,526 transcripts in brain samples from the cerebellum and temporal cortex of autopsied subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD, cerebellar n=197, temporal cortex n=202) and with other brain pathologies (non-AD, cerebellar n=177, temporal cortex n=197). We conducted an expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) using 213,528 cisSNPs within ± 100 kb of the tested transcripts. We identified 2,980 cerebellar cisSNP/transcript level associations (2,596 unique cisSNPs) significant in both ADs and non-ADs (q<0.05, p=7.70 × 10(-5)-1.67 × 10(-82)). Of these, 2,089 were also significant in the temporal cortex (p=1.85 × 10(-5)-1.70 × 10(-141)). The top cerebellar cisSNPs had 2.4-fold enrichment for human disease-associated variants (p<10(-6)). We identified novel cisSNP/transcript associations for human disease-associated variants, including progressive supranuclear palsy SLCO1A2/rs11568563, Parkinson's disease (PD) MMRN1/rs6532197, Paget's disease OPTN/rs1561570; and we confirmed others, including PD MAPT/rs242557, systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis IRF5/rs4728142, and type 1 diabetes mellitus RPS26/rs1701704. In our eGWAS, there was 2.9-3.3 fold enrichment (p<10(-6)) of significant cisSNPs with suggestive AD-risk association (p<10(-3)) in the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium GWAS. These results demonstrate the significant contributions of genetic factors to human brain gene expression, which are reliably detected across different brain regions and pathologies. The significant enrichment of brain cisSNPs among disease-associated variants advocates gene expression changes as a mechanism for many central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS diseases. Combined assessment of expression and disease GWAS may provide complementary information in discovery of human disease variants with functional implications. Our findings have implications for the design and interpretation of eGWAS in general and the use of brain expression quantitative trait loci in the study of human disease genetics.
Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Fanggeng
F
Zou
High Seng
HS
Chai
Curtis S
CS
Younkin
Mariet
M
Allen
Julia
J
Crook
V Shane
VS
Pankratz
Minerva M
MM
Carrasquillo
Christopher N
CN
Rowley
Asha A
AA
Nair
Sumit
S
Middha
Sooraj
S
Maharjan
Thuy
T
Nguyen
Li
L
Ma
Kimberly G
KG
Malphrus
Ryan
R
Palusak
Sarah
S
Lincoln
Gina
G
Bisceglio
Constantin
C
Georgescu
Naomi
N
Kouri
Christopher P
CP
Kolbert
Jin
J
Jen
Jonathan L
JL
Haines
Richard
R
Mayeux
Margaret A
MA
Pericak-Vance
Lindsay A
LA
Farrer
Gerard D
GD
Schellenberg
Ronald C
RC
Petersen
Neill R
NR
Graff-Radford
Dennis W
DW
Dickson
Steven G
SG
Younkin
Nilüfer
N
Ertekin-Taner
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D001344:Autopsy; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism
D012313:RNA