Effects of different photo-polymerization protocols on resin-dentine μTBS, mechanical properties and cross-link density of a nano-filled resin composite.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of four different light-curing protocols on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), Knoop micro-hardness (KH) and cross-link density (CLD) of a nano-filled resin composite.


METHODS
Filtek Supreme XT (3M-ESPE) was used for the entire experiments following four light-curing approaches: ST, standard irradiance; HI, high irradiance; PD, pulse delay; SS, soft start. The specimens were submitted to different storage periods (24h or 6 months), cut into match-sticks and subsequently submitted to μTBS testing. Hourglass specimens were also prepared for UTS and KH. Cylindrical specimens were prepared for the CLD evaluation after absolute ethanol challenge. The results were statistically analyzed with a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05).


RESULTS
For UTS and KH, continuous irradiance (PD and SS) induced statistically higher results (p<0.05) both after 24h and 6 months of water storage compared to ST and HI groups. However, a drop in UTS and KH was obtained after 6 months in all groups. The μTBS was not affected by the different light-curing approaches and, no statistical differences (p>0.05) were observed between 24h and 6 months storage. The CLD evaluation showed a statistical drop in KH after 24h of ethanol storage for PD and SS (step-curing protocols) compared to those attained in continuous mode (ST and HI).


CONCLUSIONS
The soft-start mode may improve the UTS and KH of nano-filled resin composites without compromising the resin-dentine μTBS. However, both the step-curing protocols may reduce the cross-link density of the composite polymeric network.


CONCLUSIONS
High irradiances photo-polymerization may be adequate for direct aesthetic restorations such as veneers and onlays. Meanwhile, the soft start protocol would seem more appropriate for the photo-polymerization of high c-factors class I and II restorations.
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Materials, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. victorpfeitosa@hotmail.com
Victor Pinheiro
VP
Feitosa
Ana Paula Piovezan
AP
Fugolin
Américo Bortolazzo
AB
Correr
Lourenço
L
Correr-Sobrinho
Simonides
S
Consani
Timothy F
TF
Watson
Mário Alexandre Coelho
MA
Sinhoreti
Salvatore
S
Sauro
D000268:Adhesiveness; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D058105:Polymerization; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C474035:Filtek Supreme; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol