Effect of non-leisure physical activity on mortality in U.S. adults: does propensity score matching make a difference?
OBJECTIVE
To reanalyze results reported in 2008, using propensity score matching, to test the treatment effect of non-leisure physical activity on survival.


METHODS
McCullagh's ordinal logit model was used to estimate propensity scores, separately for adults aged 35-59 and 60-74 years at baseline in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Study, for three levels of non-leisure activity. Each untreated adult (low non-leisure activity) was matched to two treated adults from the same age group, one with moderate and one with high non-leisure activity. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions were fitted to the matched samples and compared with regressions fitted to unmatched samples.


RESULTS
Except for moderate leisure-time activity and age, observed covariates were well balanced after matching. For adults aged 35-59 years, matched regressions showed smaller mortality reductions: 23% for moderate and 32% for high non-leisure activity, compared with low non-leisure activity. For adults aged 60-74 years, matched regressions showed a smaller mortality reduction for moderate non-leisure activity (29%) but a larger reduction for high non-leisure activity (47%).


CONCLUSIONS
In line with published reviews of conventional multivariable analysis versus propensity score matching, Cox regressions on matched and unmatched samples produced similar estimates of treatment effects for non-leisure activity, but the estimates from matched regressions were usually smaller.
Department of Economics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Jeehyun
J
Park
Louise B
LB
Russell
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D057216:Propensity Score; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis