Thromboembolic complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse effect of heparin therapy which can be responsible for thrombotic events with embolic consequences. Although ischemic stroke is a well known consequence of HIT, few cases of cerebral ischemia of arterial origin have been reported so far. A 38-year-old man was admitted because of acute multiple ischemic strokes and pulmonary embolism which occurred during treatment with low molecular weight heparin as prophylactic therapy for orthopedic surgery. Neuroimaging showed occlusion of the right common carotid artery with multiple acute cerebral infarcts. Testing for anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies confirmed the diagnosis. Systematic review of the literature revealed 55 cases of arterial stroke and three cases of carotid artery occlusion caused by HIT. Although arterial ischemic stroke is a rare complication of HIT, a high level of suspicion and a prompt diagnosis of this coagulation disorder are necessary to avoid life-threatening thromboembolic complications.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neurological Clinic, University of Studies of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. alegiossi@libero.it
Alessia
A
Giossi
Elisabetta
E
Del Zotto
Irene
I
Volonghi
Paolo
P
Costa
Rita
R
Bertuetti
Paolo
P
Remida
Mauro
M
Magoni
Roberto
R
Gasparotti
Alessandro
A
Padovani
Alessandro
A
Pezzini
D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010976:Platelet Count; D010978:Platelet Factor 4 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology
D000906:Antibodies; D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D010978:Platelet Factor 4