Antioxidant enzyme activities and hormonal status in response to Cd stress in the wetland halophyte Kosteletzkya virginica under saline conditions.
Salt marshes constitute major sinks for heavy metal accumulation but the precise impact of salinity on heavy metal toxicity for halophyte plant species remains largely unknown. Young seedlings of Kosteletzkya virginica were exposed during 3 weeks in nutrient solution to Cd 5 µM in the presence or absence of 50 mM NaCl. Cadmium (Cd) reduced growth and shoot water content and had major detrimental effect on maximum quantum efficiency (F(v) /F(m) ), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y(II)) and electron transport rates (ETRs). Cd induced an oxidative stress in relation to an increase in O(2)             (•-)  and H(2) O(2)  concentration and lead to a decrease in endogenous glutathione (GSH) and α-tocopherol in the leaves. Cd not only increased leaf zeatin and zeatin riboside concentration but also increased the senescing compounds 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and abscisic acid (ABA). Salinity reduced Cd accumulation already after 1 week of stress but was unable to restore shoot growth and thus did not induce any dilution effect. Salinity delayed the Cd-induced leaf senescence: NaCl reduced the deleterious impact of Cd on photosynthesis apparatus through an improvement of F(v) /F(m) , Y(II) and ETR. Salt reduced oxidative stress in Cd-treated plants through an increase in GSH, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid synthesis and an increase in glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) activity. Additional salt reduced ACC and ABA accumulation in Cd+NaCl-treated leaves comparing to Cd alone. It is concluded that salinity affords efficient protection against Cd to the halophyte species K. virginica, in relation to an improved management of oxidative stress and hormonal status.
Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud 5, bte L 7.07.13, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Rui-Ming
RM
Han
Isabelle
I
Lefèvre
Alfonso
A
Albacete
Francisco
F
Pérez-Alfocea
Gregorio
G
Barba-Espín
Pedro
P
Díaz-Vivancos
Muriel
M
Quinet
Cheng-Jiang
CJ
Ruan
José Antonio
JA
Hernández
Elena
E
Cantero-Navarro
Stanley
S
Lutts
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010788:Photosynthesis; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D054712:Salinity; D055051:Salt-Tolerant Plants; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D053833:Wetlands; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism
D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D000975:Antioxidants; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; C023863:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol