Magnetic resonance assessment of parenchymal elasticity in normal and edematous, ventilator-injured lung.
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a MR imaging method capable of spatially resolving the intrinsic mechanical properties of normal lung parenchyma. We tested the hypothesis that the mechanical properties of edematous lung exhibit local properties similar to those of a fluid-filled lung at transpulmonary pressures (P(tp)) up to 25 cm H(2)O. Pulmonary edema was induced in anesthetized female adult Sprague-Dawley rats by mechanical ventilation to a pressure of 40 cm H(2)O for ≈ 30 min. Prior to imaging the wet weight of each ex vivo lung set was measured. MRE, high-resolution T(1)-weighted spin echo and T(2)* gradient echo data were acquired at each P(tp) for both normal and injured ex vivo lungs. At P(tp)s of 6 cm H(2)O and greater, the shear stiffness of normal lungs was greater than injured lungs (P ≤ 0.0003). For P(tp)s up to 12 cm H(2)O, shear stiffness was equal to 1.00, 1.07, 1.16, and 1.26 kPa for the injured and 1.31, 1.89, 2.41, and 2.93 kPa for normal lungs at 3, 6, 9, and 12 cm H(2)O, respectively. For injured lungs MRE magnitude signal and shear stiffness within regions of differing degrees of alveolar flooding were calculated as a function of P(tp). Differences in shear stiffness were statistically significant between groups (P < 0.001) with regions of lower magnitude signal being stiffer than those of higher signal. These data demonstrate that when the alveolar space filling material is fluid, MRE-derived parenchymal shear stiffness of the lung decreases, and the lung becomes inherently softer compared with normal lung.
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Kiaran P
KP
McGee
Yogesh K
YK
Mariappan
Rolf D
RD
Hubmayr
Rickey E
RE
Carter
Zhonghao
Z
Bao
David L
DL
Levin
Armando
A
Manduca
Richard L
RL
Ehman
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004548:Elasticity; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009929:Organ Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011312:Pressure; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000473:pathology; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D055397:Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology