Thrombophilia investigation in Pakistani women with recurrent pregnancy loss.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to identify thrombophilic defects in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage.


METHODS
This was a case-control study in which the cases were women who had undergone spontaneous recurrent pregnancy losses and the controls were women in matched reproductive age groups without any history of miscarriage or pregnancy loss. Both groups of women were identified from our department's high-risk and gynecological outpatient clinics. A total of 52 women with recurrent pregnancy losses and 268 controls were tested for protein C, protein S, factor V Leiden (FVL), antithrombin and anticardiolipin (immunoglobulin M and G) antibodies, and the odds ratio and P-values were calculated.


RESULTS
The mean age was 28.0 ± 4.4 years in the cases and 32.0±8.0years in the controls. The mean number of abortions among women with recurrent losses was 3.40±1.23. The mean parity was 1.04±1.23 (range 1-6), and 3.27±2.51 among controls. Among women with recurrent pregnancy loss, 22 (42%) had first trimester losses, 19 (36%) had second trimester losses, and 11 (21%) women had both first and second trimester losses. Protein C deficiency was identified in three out of 52 cases and 18 out of 268 controls (P-value 0.49), protein S deficiency in two cases and 12 controls (P-value 0.35), factor V Leiden mutation in 10 cases and 27 controls (P = 0.059), antithrombin in one case and 41 controls (P=0.009), and anticardiolipin antibodies in one case and nine controls (P = 0.49).


CONCLUSIONS
No significant association between inherited thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss in Pakistani women was found.
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 2 Biostatistics, Dow University of Health Sciences National Institute of Blood Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. nazli.hossain@duhs.edu.pk
Nazli
N
Hossain
Tahir
T
Shamsi
Nazeer
N
Khan
Arshi
A
Naz
D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005165:Factor V / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis; D020151:Protein C Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D017293:Protein S / Q000032:analysis; D018455:Protein S Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V