Exercise training and muscle microvascular oxygenation: functional role of nitric oxide.
Exercise training induces multiple adaptations within skeletal muscle that may improve local O(2) delivery-utilization matching (i.e., Po(2)mv). We tested the hypothesis that increased nitric oxide (NO) function is intrinsic to improved muscle Po(2)mv kinetics from rest to contractions after exercise training. Healthy young Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sedentary (n = 18) or progressive treadmill exercise training (n = 10; 5 days/wk, 6-8 wk, final workload of 60 min/day at 35 m/min, -14% grade) groups. Po(2)mv was measured via phosphorescence quenching in the spinotrapezius muscle at rest and during 1-Hz twitch contractions under control (Krebs-Henseleit solution), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor; 300 μM), and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, nonspecific NO synthase blockade; 1.5 mM) superfusion conditions. Exercise-trained rats had greater peak oxygen uptake (Vo(2 peak)) than their sedentary counterparts (81 ± 1 vs. 72 ± 2 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). Exercise-trained rats had significantly slower Po(2)mv fall throughout contractions (τ(1); time constant for the first component) during control (sedentary: 8.1 ± 0.6; trained: 15.2 ± 2.8 s). Compared with control, SNP slowed τ(1) to a greater extent in sedentary rats (sedentary: 38.7 ± 5.6; trained: 26.8 ± 4.1 s; P > 0.05) whereas l-NAME abolished the differences in τ(1) between sedentary and trained rats (sedentary: 12.0 ± 1.7; trained: 11.2 ± 1.4 s; P < 0.05). Our results indicate that endurance exercise training leads to greater muscle microvascular oxygenation across the metabolic transient following the onset of contractions (i.e., slower Po(2)mv kinetics) partly via increased NO-mediated function, which likely constitutes an important mechanism for training-induced metabolic adaptations.
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA.
Daniel M
DM
Hirai
Steven W
SW
Copp
Scott K
SK
Ferguson
Clark T
CT
Holdsworth
Danielle J
DJ
McCullough
Bradley J
BJ
Behnke
Timothy I
TI
Musch
David C
DC
Poole
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D015854:Up-Regulation
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010100:Oxygen