A modified method using the SonoPrep ultrasonic skin permeation system for sampling human interstitial fluid is compatible with proteomic techniques.
BACKGROUND
The use of biomarkers in skin is a novel diagnostic tool. Interstitial fluid (ISF) from skin provides a snapshot of proteins secreted at the time of sampling giving insights into the patient's health status.


METHODS
A minimally invasive technique for the transdermal collection of human ISF proteins. A low frequency ultrasonic skin permeation device (SonoPrep ultrasonic skin permeation system) was used to produce micropores in the stratum corneum through which ISF was extracted using a portable pulsed vacuum ISF collection device.


RESULTS
On average, protein concentrations recovered ranged between 0.064 and 4.792 μg/μL (mean 1.258 μg/μL). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that this sample type was amenable to this type of analysis. Gel images indicated that both highly abundant proteins and lower abundance proteins were isolated from the skin. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of proteins commonly found in plasma and the epidermis.


CONCLUSIONS
A minimally invasive method for the transdermal recovery of ISF proteins has been developed. We have demonstrated that ISF samples obtained using this approach can be analysed with proteomic techniques, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blots, providing another tool for the identification of disease specific protein biomarkers.
Mt Albert Science Centre, The Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. marie.lecomte@esr.cri.nz
Marie M J
MM
Lecomte
Kelly R
KR
Atkinson
Daniel P
DP
Kay
Joanne L
JL
Simons
John R
JR
Ingram
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D003880:Dermatology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D057825:Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014618:Vacuum
D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins