Validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS).
Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and validated batteries are limited in languages other than English. We aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, validate, and assess reliability of Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) in Persian. The MACFIMS is a well-constructed battery in the MS literature. The battery was adapted to Persian in accordance with available guidelines. A total of 158 MS patients and 90 controls underwent neuropsychological assessment. For reliability assessment the battery was re-administered in a subset of 41 patients after a short interval using alternate forms to mitigate practice effects (approximately 10 days). Patients performed significantly worse than controls in all cognitive tests, supporting discriminant validity of our adapted battery. Approximately half of patients (46.2%) showed cognitive impairment as defined by the impairment in two or more tests. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test was the most robust test by ROC analysis. All tests showed acceptable to good level of reliability. This is the first validation of gold-standard cognitive testing in Persian. The Persian MACFIMS shows nearly the same psychometrics as its English counterpart.
Sina MS Research Center, Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Arman
A
Eshaghi
Sadjad
S
Riyahi-Alam
Tina
T
Roostaei
Ghazal
G
Haeri
Aida
A
Aghsaei
Mohammad Reza
MR
Aidi
Hamid Reza
HR
Pouretemad
Mojtaba
M
Zarei
Sara
S
Farhang
Roghayeh
R
Saeedi
Arash
A
Nazeri
Habib
H
Ganjgahi
Farnaz
F
Etesam
Amir Reza
AR
Azimi
Ralph H B
RH
Benedict
Mohammad Ali
MA
Sahraian
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult