[The fidelity mechanism of DNA synthesis].
Accurate DNA synthesis is vital to maintain genome stability and ensure propagation of species. Synthetic errors have far reaching consequences. Therefore, DNA synthesis is remarkably accurate. The high fidelity is mainly achieved through three steps: ① nucleotide selection, which is based on hydrogen, base pair shape, or some other elements; ② 3'→5' exonuclease proofreading, which removes mis-incorporated nucleotides in cis or trans; ③ repair process, which could correct mismatched nucleotides escaping from proofreading, such as mismatch repair, excission repair, homologous recombination repair, and translesion DNA synthesis. Because all polymerases are suitable targets for anticancer or antiviral drugs, their fidelity is involved in drug resistance and side effects. Understanding the molecular basis of synthesis fidelity is of vital importance. In this review, the fidelity mechanisms of DNA synthesis will be discussed in detail. Furthermore, their application perspective was discussed.
Key University Laboratory of Biotechnology and Utilization of Bio-resource of Shandong, Department of Biology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China. xiezhh0523@163.com
Zhao-Hui
ZH
Xie
D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans
D004247:DNA