Effects of caffeinated coffee consumption on intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and ocular pulse amplitude: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of caffeinated coffee consumption on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in those with or at risk for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).


METHODS
We conducted a prospective, double-masked, crossover, randomized controlled trial with 106 subjects: 22 with high tension POAG, 18 with normal tension POAG, 20 with ocular hypertension, 21 POAG suspects, and 25 healthy participants. Subjects ingested either 237 ml of caffeinated (182 mg caffeine) or decaffeinated (4 mg caffeine) coffee for the first visit and the alternate beverage for the second visit. Blood pressure (BP) and pascal dynamic contour tonometer measurements of IOP, OPA, and heart rate were measured before and at 60 and 90 min after coffee ingestion per visit. OPP was calculated from BP and IOP measurements. Results were analysed using paired t-tests. Multivariable models assessed determinants of IOP, OPP, and OPA changes.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in baseline IOP, OPP, and OPA between the caffeinated and decaffeinated visits. After caffeinated as compared with decaffeinated coffee ingestion, mean mm Hg changes (± SD) in IOP, OPP, and OPA were as follows: 0.99 (± 1.52, P<0.0001), 1.57 (± 6.40, P=0.0129), and 0.23 (± 0.52, P<0.0001) at 60 min, respectively; and 1.06 (± 1.67, P<0.0001), 1.26 (± 6.23, P=0.0398), and 0.18 (± 0.52, P=0.0006) at 90 min, respectively. Regression analyses revealed sporadic and inconsistent associations with IOP, OPP, and OPA changes.


CONCLUSIONS
Consuming one cup of caffeinated coffee (182 mg caffeine) statistically increases, but likely does not clinically impact, IOP and OPP in those with or at risk for POAG.
Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
A Z
AZ
Jiwani
D J
DJ
Rhee
S C
SC
Brauner
M F
MF
Gardiner
T C
TC
Chen
L Q
LQ
Shen
S H
SH
Chen
C L
CL
Grosskreutz
K K
KK
Chang
C E
CE
Kloek
S H
SH
Greenstein
S
S
Borboli-Gerogiannis
D L
DL
Pasquale
S
S
Chaudhry
S
S
Loomis
J L
JL
Wiggs
L R
LR
Pasquale
A V
AV
Turalba
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001628:Beverages; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006068:Gonioscopy; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003069:Coffee; D002110:Caffeine