Epidemiology and genetics of CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria.
CTX-M enzymes, the plasmid-mediated cefotaximases, constitute a rapidly growing family of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) with significant clinical impact. CTX-Ms are found in at least 26 bacterial species, particularly in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. At least 109 members in CTX-M family are identified and can be divided into seven clusters based on their phylogeny. CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 are the most dominant variants. Chromosome-encoded intrinsic cefotaximases in Kluyvera spp. are proposed to be the progenitors of CTX-Ms, while ISEcp1, ISCR1 and plasmid are closely associated with their mobilization and dissemination.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. whzhao@med.showa-u.ac.jp
Wei-Hua
WH
Zhao
Zhi-Qing
ZQ
Hu
D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
D001618:beta-Lactamases