Force field development for cofactors in the photosystem II.
We present a set of force field (FF) parameters compatible with the AMBER03 FF to describe five cofactors in photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms: plastoquinone-9 (three redox forms), chlorophyll-a, pheophytin-a, heme-b, and β-carotene. The development of a reliable FF for these cofactors is an essential step for performing molecular dynamics simulations of PSII. Such simulations are important for the calculation of absorption spectrum and the further investigation of the electron and energy transfer processes. We have derived parameters for partial charges, bonds, angles, and dihedral-angles from solid theoretical models using systematic quantum mechanics (QM) calculations. We have shown that the developed FF parameters are in good agreement with both ab initio QM and experimental structural data in small molecule crystals as well as protein complexes.
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Lu
L
Zhang
Daniel-Adriano
DA
Silva
Yijing
Y
Yan
Xuhui
X
Huang
D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010674:Pheophytins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010971:Plastoquinone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011789:Quantum Theory; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D010674:Pheophytins; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D019207:beta Carotene; D002734:Chlorophyll; D006418:Heme; C061694:pheophytin a; D010971:Plastoquinone; D000077194:Chlorophyll A