Modulation of cytochrome-P450 inhibition (CYP) in drug discovery: a medicinal chemistry perspective.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has widely been implicated for drug-drug interactions (DDI) in the pharmaceutical industry. Inhibition or induction of this enzyme family has led to withdrawal of multiple drugs from the market leading to major time and financial losses for the pharmaceutical industry. CYP450 plays a prevailing role in the biotransformation of a large number of structurally diverse drugs. Few isoenzymes of the CYP enzyme family (CYP3A4, 2D6 and 2C9 family) are mainly involved in metabolism of most of the drugs. To avoid such interactions and potentially minimize DDI, major pharmaceutical organizations prefer to incorporate CYP enzyme screening at an early stage of their discovery program. While this has been a prevalent practice in the pharmaceutical industry lately, there is very limited literature available reviewing the relationship between chemotypes and CYP isoforms. This review will collate literature pertaining to CYP-inhibition modulation through physicochemical parameters and chemical modification and thus bring to focus commonly used trends by medicinal chemists world-wide.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Healthcare Ltd., 1- Nirlon Complex, Goregaon-(E) Mumbai 400063, India.
Sanjay
S
Kumar
Rajiv
R
Sharma
Abhijit
A
Roychowdhury
D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System