Immunotherapies in diabetes mellitus type 1.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that gradually destructs insulin-producing beta cells. Over the years, clinicians' knowledge regarding the immunopathogenesis of this disease has greatly increased. Immunotherapies that can change the course of immune-mediated destruction and preserve and possibly regenerate the pancreatic beta cells seem to be promising in preclinical trials but so far have been unsuccessful in human studies. This article reviews the important immune interventions for type 1 diabetes that have been tried so far targeting the different stages of disease development and provides an insight into what the future might hold.
Diabetes and Endocrinology Consultants, 8435 Clearvista Place, Suite 101 Indianapolis, IN 46256, USA. drsmitagupta@yahoo.com
Smita
S
Gupta
D000069594:Abatacept; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077552:Basiliximab; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077561:Daclizumab; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D000068800:Etanercept; D000077270:Exenatide; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011322:Primary Prevention; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069283:Rituximab; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D055512:Tertiary Prevention; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D018834:Chaperonin 60; C447781:DiaPep 277; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007328:Insulin; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011719:Pyrazines; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014230:Triazoles; D014688:Venoms; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D009536:Niacinamide; D000069283:Rituximab; D000069594:Abatacept; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000077552:Basiliximab; D000077270:Exenatide; D000077561:Daclizumab; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C550701:otelixizumab; D001379:Azathioprine; D000068800:Etanercept; C502540:teplizumab; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate