[From the creation of the Veterinary Schools to the evolution of the notion of contagion in the 19th and 20th centuries].
The creation of the Veterinary Schools in the 18th century would reveal a plethora of scientists, some of whom would be the precursors of Pasteur, some rivals, others followers collaborators or friends of the Master. Among the precursors let us name Chabbert, Huzard, Girard, Delafond, Renault, Toussaint, Galtier ; among the rivals: Chauveau, Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas; among the followers, collaborators or friends of Pasteur: Bouley, at first a resolute spontaneist, then the most fervent in defense of Pasteur (President of the Academy of Medicine and of the Academy of Sciences) and Nocard, Director of the School in Alfort, an important collaborator of Pasteur. Later, there was Leclainche, who created the International Office of Epizootics, and who was President of the Academy of Sciences; Guérin, who with Calmette developed the BCG vaccination; Ramon, the father of anatoxins (vaccines against diphtheria, and tetanus, combined vaccines, adjuvants to immunity). Thus, the creation of the Veterinary Schools contributed not only to the evolution of the notion of contagion, to the amelioration of animal health and the economics of agricultural production, but also to serious advances in human care, and to the protection of public health.
Académie des sciences, Paris, France. chpilet@wanadoo.fr
Charles
C
Pilet
D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D000818:Animals; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D012582:Schools, Veterinary / Q000266:history*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000266:history / Q000662:veterinary; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000266:history*