Race, place, and obesity: the complex relationships among community racial/ethnic composition, individual race/ethnicity, and obesity in the United States.
OBJECTIVE
We explored the association between community racial/ethnic composition and obesity risk.


METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, we used nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to geographic data from the US Decennial Census and Census Business Pattern data.


RESULTS
Living in communities with a high Hispanic concentration (≥ 25%) was associated with a 0.55 and 0.42 increase in body mass index (BMI; defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and 21% and 23% higher odds for obesity for Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites, respectively. Living in a community with a high non-Hispanic Asian concentration (≥ 25%) was associated with a 0.68 decrease in BMI and 28% lower odds for obesity for non-Hispanic Whites. We controlled for individual- and community-level social, economic, and demographic variables.


CONCLUSIONS
Community racial/ethnic composition is an important correlate of obesity risk, but the relationship differs greatly by individual race/ethnicity. To better understand the obesity epidemic and related racial/ethnic disparities, more must be learned about community-level risk factors, especially how built environment and social norms operate within communities and across racial/ethnic groups.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jkirby@ahrq.gov
James B
JB
Kirby
Lan
L
Liang
Hsin-Jen
HJ
Chen
Youfa
Y
Wang
D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American