Sodium ion insertion in hollow carbon nanowires for battery applications.
Hollow carbon nanowires (HCNWs) were prepared through pyrolyzation of a hollow polyaniline nanowire precursor. The HCNWs used as anode material for Na-ion batteries deliver a high reversible capacity of 251 mAh g(-1) and 82.2% capacity retention over 400 charge-discharge cycles between 1.2 and 0.01 V (vs Na(+)/Na) at a constant current of 50 mA g(-1) (0.2 C). Excellent cycling stability is also observed at an even higher charge-discharge rate. A high reversible capacity of 149 mAh g(-1) also can be obtained at a current rate of 500 mA g(-1) (2C). The good Na-ion insertion property is attributed to the short diffusion distance in the HCNWs and the large interlayer distance (0.37 nm) between the graphitic sheets, which agrees with the interlayered distance predicted by theoretical calculations to enable Na-ion insertion in carbon materials.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States. ylcao@whu.edu.cn
Yuliang
Y
Cao
Lifen
L
Xiao
Maria L
ML
Sushko
Wei
W
Wang
Birgit
B
Schwenzer
Jie
J
Xiao
Zimin
Z
Nie
Laxmikant V
LV
Saraf
Zhengguo
Z
Yang
Jun
J
Liu