Plasma signaling proteins in persons at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease: influence of APOE genotype.
OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) mutations and APOE genotype on plasma signaling protein levels.


METHODS
Cross-sectional comparison of plasma levels of 77 proteins measured using multiplex immune assays.


METHODS
A tertiary referral dementia research center.


METHODS
Thirty-three persons from families harboring PSEN1 or APP mutations, aged 19 to 59 years.


METHODS
Protein levels were compared between FAD mutation carriers (MCs) and noncarriers (NCs) and among APOE genotype groups, using multiple linear regression models.


RESULTS
Twenty-one participants were FAD MCs and 12 were NCs. Six had the APOE ε2/3, 6 had the ε3/4, and 21 had the ε3/3 genotype. Levels of 17 proteins differed among APOE genotype groups, and there were significant interactions between age and APOE genotype for 12 proteins. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E and superoxide dismutase 1 were highest in the ε2 carriers, lowest in ε4 carriers, and intermediate in the ε3 carriers. Levels of multiple interleukins showed the opposite pattern and, among the ε4 carriers, demonstrated significant negative correlations with age. Although there were no significant differences between FAD MCs and NCs, there were interactions between mutation status and APOE genotype for 13 proteins.


CONCLUSIONS
We found different patterns of inflammatory markers in young and middle-aged persons among APOE genotype groups. The APOE ε4 carriers had the lowest levels of apolipoprotein E. Young ε4 carriers have increased inflammatory markers that diminish with age. We demonstrated altered inflammatory responses in young and middle adulthood in ε4 carriers that may relate to AD risk later in life.
Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10911 Weyburn Ave, Ste 200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jringman@mednet.ucla.edu
John M
JM
Ringman
David
D
Elashoff
Daniel H
DH
Geschwind
Brian T
BT
Welsh
Karen H
KH
Gylys
Cathy
C
Lee
Jeffrey L
JL
Cummings
Greg M
GM
Cole
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001798:Blood Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1