Responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to toxic pollutants: physiological flux, oxidative stress, and detoxification.
The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been widely used for the treatment of waste streams containing heavy metals and toxic organic pollutants. The development of fungal-based treatment technologies requires detailed knowledge of the relationship between bulk water quality and the physiological responses of fungi. A noninvasive microtest technique was used to quantify real-time changes in proton, oxygen, and cadmium ion fluxes following the exposure of P. chrysosporium to environmental toxic (2,4-dichlorophenol and cadmium). Significant changes in H(+) and O(2) flux occurred after exposure to 10 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenol and 0.1 mM cadmium. Cd(2+) flux decreased with time. Reactive oxygen species formation and antioxidant levels increased after cadmium treatment. Superoxide dismutase activity correlated well with malondialdehyde levels (r(2) = 0.964) at low cadmium concentrations. However, this correlation diminished and malondialdehyde levels significantly increased at the highest cadmium concentration tested. Real-time microscale signatures of H(+), O(2), and Cd(2+) fluxes coupled with oxidative stress analysis can improve our understanding of the physiological responses of P. chrysosporium to toxic pollutants and provide useful information for the development of fungal-based technologies to improve the treatment of wastes cocontaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China. zgming@hnu.edu.cn
Guang-Ming
GM
Zeng
An-Wei
AW
Chen
Gui-Qiu
GQ
Chen
Xin-Jiang
XJ
Hu
Song
S
Guan
Cui
C
Shang
Lun-Hui
LH
Lu
Zheng-Jun
ZJ
Zou
D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D011522:Protons; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
D002733:Chlorophenols; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011522:Protons; D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol; D010100:Oxygen