Synergistic inhibition of interleukin-6 production in adipose stem cells by tart cherry anthocyanins and atorvastatin.
Studies have shown positive correlations between inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease by activating C-reactive protein (CRP). Both atorvastatin calcium (lipitor) as well as flavonoid rich fruit such as tart cherry demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory effects on IL-6 secretion. In this study, we investigated whether tart cherry extract or specific anthocyanins contained in the tart cherry show synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with lipitor. Results showed that LPS-induced adipose stem cell secretion of IL-6 reduced with the addition of tart cherry extract, a mixture of tart cherry anthocyanins, and pure tart cherry cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, lipitor and C3G exhibited synergistic effects in reducing LPS-induced IL-6 secretion from adipose stem cells. In conclusion, these results support potential benefits of using dietary phytochemicals in conjunction with pharmacological therapies to decrease adipose inflammation, drug doses, and ultimately, drug-induced adverse effects.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Zhou
Z
Zhou
Muraleedharan G
MG
Nair
Kate J
KJ
Claycombe
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005638:Fruit; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects
D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011758:Pyrroles; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D000069059:Atorvastatin