Sale strategies of pharmaceutical companies in a "pharmerging" country: the problems will not improve if the gaps remain.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine the types of sales strategies used by pharmaceutical companies in a "pharmerging" market and to gain insight into the ways of avoiding the negative effects of these strategies.


METHODS
In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 physicians and company employees in the six largest cities of Turkey. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis.


RESULTS
Various sales strategies, both legal and illegal, are universally applied. These methods target prescribers, patients, pharmacists, and society in general. Different types of companies, organizations, professionals, and science and ethical principles are used as means. Companies intervene immediately to prevent developments that may decrease sales, and exploit the educational and infrastructural needs. In contrast, physicians are overconfident about the effects of marketing and insufficiently educated on how to cope with the strategies and the drugs on the market, which make them vulnerable. Under these conditions, along with worldwide competition and economic volatility, policies that aim to set frameworks for pharmaceutical relationships have failed.


CONCLUSIONS
Interventions are crucial, including instituting a national drug policy, minimizing the exposure to marketing, and addressing the educational and infrastructural needs of the prescribers. Without these interventions, gaps will continue to be exploited by companies for their own advantage, and the problems related to marketing will persist.
Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Ethics, 16059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. mcivaner@gmail.com
Murat
M
Civaner
D004345:Drug Industry; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D040541:Marketing / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D014421:Turkey