The impact of chronic depression on acute and long-term outcomes in a randomized trial comparing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor monotherapy versus each of 2 different antidepressant medication combinations.
OBJECTIVE
To compare sociodemographic and clinical features, acute and continuation treatment outcomes, and adverse events/side effect burden between outpatients with chronic (current episode > 2 years) versus nonchronic major depressive disorder (MDD) who were treated with combination antidepressant therapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy.


METHODS
663 outpatients with chronic (n = 368) or nonchronic (n = 295) moderate to severe DSM-IV-TR MDD (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥ 16) were enrolled from March 2008 through September 2009 in a single-blind 7-month prospective randomized trial conducted at 6 primary and 9 psychiatric care sites across the United States. Participants were treated with escitalopram monotherapy plus placebo or 1 of 2 combination treatments (bupropion sustained-release [SR] + escitalopram or venlafaxine extended-release [XR] + mirtazapine). Analyses compared baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, rates of remission (at least 1 of the last 2 consecutive scores on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report [QIDS-SR16] < 6, with the other < 8), and adverse events/side effect burden (Frequency, Intensity, and Burden of Side Effects Ratings) obtained at 12 and 28 weeks.


RESULTS
Participants with chronic MDD were at greater socioeconomic disadvantage and had greater medical and psychiatric disease burden. The chronic and nonchronic groups did not differ in rates of remission at 12 weeks (35.9% vs 42.0%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] = 0.778, P = .1500; adjusted OR [AOR] = 0.956, P = .8130) or at 28 weeks (41.0% vs 49.8%, respectively; OR = 0.706, P = .0416; AOR = 0.837, P = .3448). Participants with chronic MDD had higher final QIDS-SR(16) scores and smaller overall percent changes in QIDS-SR(16) from baseline to exit, but these differences did not remain after adjusting for covariates. There were no significant differences in adverse events or side effect burden. No significant interactions were found between chronicity and type of treatment at 12 or 28 weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
Chronicity of illness does not appear to differentially impact acute or longer-term outcomes with SSRI monotherapy or combination antidepressant medication treatment in patients with moderate to severe nonpsychotic MDD.


BACKGROUND
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00590863.
Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore. sharon.sung@duke-nus.edu.sg
Sharon C
SC
Sung
Charlotte L
CL
Haley
Stephen R
SR
Wisniewski
Maurizio
M
Fava
Andrew A
AA
Nierenberg
Diane
D
Warden
David W
DW
Morris
Benji T
BT
Kurian
Madhukar H
MH
Trivedi
A John
AJ
Rush
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015283:Citalopram / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008803:Mianserin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D055815:Young Adult
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D016642:Bupropion; D015283:Citalopram; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008803:Mianserin; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride