Sirt1, p53, and p38(MAPK) are crucial regulators of detrimental phenotypes of embryonic stem cells with Max expression ablation.
c-Myc participates in diverse cellular processes including cell cycle control, tumorigenic transformation, and reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent cells. c-Myc is also an important regulator of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We recently demonstrated that loss of the Max gene, encoding the best characterized partner for all Myc family proteins, causes loss of the pluripotent state and extensive cell death in ESCs strictly in this order. However, the mechanisms and molecules that are responsible for these phenotypes remain largely obscure. Here, we show that Sirt1, p53, and p38(MAPK) are crucially involved in the detrimental phenotype of Max-null ESCs. Moreover, our analyses revealed that these proteins are involved at varying levels to one another in the hierarchy of the pathway leading to cell death in Max-null ESCs.
Division of Developmental Biology, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.
Tomoaki
T
Hishida
Yuriko
Y
Nozaki
Yutaka
Y
Nakachi
Yosuke
Y
Mizuno
Hiroyoshi
H
Iseki
Miyuki
M
Katano
Masayoshi
M
Kamon
Masataka
M
Hirasaki
Masazumi
M
Nishimoto
Yasushi
Y
Okazaki
Akihiko
A
Okuda
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D000975:Antioxidants; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C499330:MAX protein, human; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C447939:SIRT1 protein, human; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D004318:Doxycycline