Computational models for mechanics of morphogenesis.
In the developing embryo, tissues differentiate, deform, and move in an orchestrated manner to generate various biological shapes driven by the complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Mechanics plays a key role in regulating and controlling morphogenesis, and quantitative models help us understand how various mechanical forces combine to shape the embryo. Models allow for the quantitative, unbiased testing of physical mechanisms, and when used appropriately, can motivate new experimentaldirections. This knowledge benefits biomedical researchers who aim to prevent and treat congenital malformations, as well as engineers working to create replacement tissues in the laboratory. In this review, we first give an overview of fundamental mechanical theories for morphogenesis, and then focus on models for specific processes, including pattern formation, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis, and wound healing. The role of mechanical feedback in development is also discussed. Finally, some perspectives aregiven on the emerging challenges in morphomechanics and mechanobiology.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Matthew A
MA
Wyczalkowski
Zi
Z
Chen
Benjamen A
BA
Filas
Victor D
VD
Varner
Larry A
LA
Taber
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003198:Computer Simulation; D047108:Embryonic Development; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology