Geographic variations in elementary school-based physical activity practices.
BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) is associated with health and academic benefits among children, but many schools do not meet national recommendations. This study examined school-based PA practices in nationally representative samples of public elementary schools, and geographic variations in those practices.


METHODS
Mail-back surveys were used to gather data from 578 public elementary schools during the 2006-2007 school year and 680 public elementary schools during the 2009-2010 school year.


RESULTS
Nationwide, only 1 in 5 schools met the national recommendation of at least 150 minutes of physical education (PE) per week, although PE was more prevalent in the South. Nearly three-fourths of schools nationwide met recommendations for 20 or more minutes of recess daily, and this was more prevalent in the Midwest but less so in the South. Approximately 40% of schools offered sports and approximately 40% offered other opportunities for PA during the school day. The only practice that increased over time was formal classroom instruction on PA.


CONCLUSIONS
There has been little change in elementary school-based PA practices nationwide in recent years. With the upcoming renewal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, policymakers have an important opportunity to promote increased PA in schools.
Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, M/C 275, Room 558, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. lindseyt@uic.edu
Lindsey
L
Turner
Frank J
FJ
Chaloupka
Sandy J
SJ
Slater
D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection; D005843:Geography; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012307:Risk Factors; D012572:School Health Services; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students