Urinary sediment ICAM-1 level in lupus nephritis.
BACKGROUND
Urinary intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level is potentially a valuable biomarker of lupus nephritis (LN), but because ICAM-1 is a cell-surface molecule, soluble ICAM-1 level in urinary supernatant measured by ELISA may not be biologically relevant.


METHODS
The ICAM-1 level in urine sediment of 12 LN patients, 10 patients with pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis (NecGN), and six healthy controls were determined with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. The urinary sediment levels of miR-221, miR-222, miR-339-3P and miR-339-5P, which are involved in the regulation of ICAM-1 production, were also quantified.


RESULTS
LN patients had lower urinary sediment ICAM-1 levels than the other two groups (overall p = 0.034). In addition, urinary sediment ICAM-1 level inversely correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = -0.474, p = 0.026) but not other markers of lupus activity, or urinary sediment levels of miR-221, miR-222, miR-339-3P, or miR-339-5P. However, serum anti-dsDNA level inversely correlated with urinary sediment levels of miR-221 (r = -0.591, p = 0.043) and miR-222 (r = -0.689, p = 0.013), while urinary sediment miR-221 level also correlated with serum C3 level (r = 0.658, p = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that urinary sediment ICAM-1 level was significantly reduced in LN, and the level inversely correlated with renal function. Urinary sediment miR-221 and miR-222 levels correlate with lupus disease activity and may serve as biomarkers of LN.
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
J
J
Guan
G
G
Wang
L-S
LS
Tam
B C-H
BC
Kwan
E K-M
EK
Li
K-M
KM
Chow
P K-T
PK
Li
C-C
CC
Szeto
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000652:urine*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D004247:DNA; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D035683:MicroRNAs; C525709:MIR221, human; C525710:MIR222, human