Immunotherapies in neurologic disorders.
Therapy for autoimmune demyelinating disorders has evolved rapidly over the past 10 years to include traditional immunosuppressants as well as novel biologicals. Antibody-mediated neuromuscular disorders are treated with therapies that acutely modulate pathogenic antibodies or chronically inhibit the humoral immune response. In other inflammatory autoimmune disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system, corticosteroids, often combined with conventional immunosuppression, and immunomodulatory treatments are used. Because autoimmune neurologic disorders are so diverse, evidence from randomized controlled trials is limited for most of the immunotherapies used in neurology. This review provides an overview of the immunotherapies currently used for neurologic disorders.
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9036, USA.
Donna
D
Graves
Steven
S
Vernino
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069442:Natalizumab; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010951:Plasma Exchange; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069283:Rituximab; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069442:Natalizumab; D010455:Peptides; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D000069283:Rituximab; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D016899:Interferon-beta; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D013110:Sphingosine; D016559:Tacrolimus; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a