Metastases and primary tumors around dental implants: A literature review and case report of peri-implant pulmonary metastasis.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a literature review on peri-implant metastases and primary malignoma and report a case of a pulmonary metastasis around dental implants of the anterior mandibular jaw that mimicked peri-implantitis.


METHODS
A literature search of publications from June 1980 to June 2011 in the PubMed/Medline database was performed to collect information about the type, incidence, and localization of malignant primary tumors and metastases around dental implants and to evaluate potential risk factors. A descriptive statistic was performed based on the collected data with regard to the type and/or origin of tumor, its localization, and the patient's age and sex.


RESULTS
A total of 1,795 articles were considered for evaluation. Peri-implant metastases are described in three articles, and peri-implant primary tumors were found in 14 publications. Of all peri-implant metastases, no associated risk factors are mentioned. Those of the peri-implant tumors are alterations of the peri-implant mucosa (such as oral lichen planus, verrucous leukoplakia, and ulcer). Most of the primary tumors are squamous cell carcinoma. The mean age of the patients with peri-implant metastases was 68 years; for the peri-implant primary tumors, it was 71 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Peri-implant metastases and primary tumors are rare. Every untypical or refractory reaction to the treatment of peri-implantitis is suspicious for malignancy as long as the contrary remains unproven.
Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland. chantal.pfammatter@unibas.ch
Chantal
C
Pfammatter
Irène Hitz
IH
Lindenmüller
Alessandro
A
Lugli
Andreas
A
Filippi
Sebastian
S
Kühl
D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000556:secondary*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D015921:Dental Implants; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000473:pathology; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000473:pathology; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000473:pathology; D010954:Plasmacytoma / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
D015921:Dental Implants