Coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk: further evidence for inverse relationship.
BACKGROUND
Higher consumption of coffee intake has recently been linked with reduced risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PC) incidence, although meta-analysis of other studies that examine the association between coffee consumption and overall PC risk remains inconclusive. Only one recent study investigated the association between coffee intake and grade-specific incidence of PC, further evidence is required to understand the aetiology of aggressive PCs. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to examine the relationship between coffee intake and overall as well as grade-specific PC risk.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort study of 6017 men who were enrolled in the Collaborative cohort study in the UK between 1970 and 1973 and followed up to 31st December 2007. Cox Proportional Hazards Models were used to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and overall, as well as Gleason grade-specific, PC incidence.


RESULTS
Higher coffee consumption was inversely associated with risk of high grade but not with overall risk of PC. Men consuming 3 or more cups of coffee per day experienced 55% lower risk of high Gleason grade disease compared with non-coffee drinkers in analysis adjusted for age and social class (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.90, p value for trend 0.01). This association changed a little after additional adjustment for Body Mass Index, smoking, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, tea intake and alcohol consumption.


CONCLUSIONS
Coffee consumption reduces the risk of aggressive PC but not the overall risk.
Institute of Health & Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Public Health, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK. k.shafique.1@research.gla.ac.uk
Kashif
K
Shafique
Philip
P
McLoone
Khaver
K
Qureshi
Hing
H
Leung
Carole
C
Hart
David S
DS
Morrison
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002784:Cholesterol