Microneedle and mucosal delivery of influenza vaccines.
In recent years with the threat of pandemic influenza and other public health needs, alternative vaccination methods other than intramuscular immunization have received great attention. The skin and mucosal surfaces are attractive sites probably because of both noninvasive access to the vaccine delivery and unique immunological responses. Intradermal vaccines using a microinjection system (BD Soluvia(TM)) and intranasal vaccines (FluMist®) are licensed. As a new vaccination method, solid microneedles have been developed using a simple device that may be suitable for self-administration. Because coated microneedle influenza vaccines are administered in the solid state, developing formulations maintaining the stability of influenza vaccines is an important issue to be considered. Marketable microneedle devices and clinical trials remain to be developed. Other alternative mucosal routes such as oral and intranasal delivery systems are also attractive for inducing cross-protective mucosal immunity, but effective non-live mucosal vaccines remain to be developed.
Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. skang24@gsu.edu
Sang-Moo
SM
Kang
Jae-Min
JM
Song
Yeu-Chun
YC
Kim
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D051379:Mice; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
D007252:Influenza Vaccines