Risk factors for developing transient neonatal cholestasis.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the incidence and the characteristics of neonatal cholestasis in a cohort of patients with known risk factors and to investigate additional risk factors.


METHODS
A prospective observational study conducted between April 2008 and 2009 involved all neonates admitted in the neonatal ward. They were divided into high- and low-risk groups for cholestasis. The high-risk group included preterm birth <34  weeks of gestation, small for gestational age (SGA), parenteral nutrition (PN) >7 days, abdomino-pelvic or thoracic surgery. Bilirubinemia was weekly measured in the high-risk group.


RESULTS
Of the 460 newborns studied, 234 were included in the high-risk group and 226 in the low-risk group. Cholestasis developed in 32 patients (13.7%) in the high-risk group at mean (SD) age of 14.7 (12.9) days; all were receiving PN. None of the patients in the low-risk group developed cholestasis. An analysis was carried out in the 207 patients in the high-risk group who received PN. The odds ratio (OR) for developing cholestasis was 2.3 [1.1-5.0] and 5.6 [2.5-12.5] for SGA or surgical patients, respectively. Cholestasis was associated with neonatal severe conditions, longer PN duration, and more intravenous macronutrients' intakes. In multivariate analysis, SGA and neonatal surgery were strong independent risk factors for cholestasis, with OR (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of 4.4 [1.6-12.5] and 4.6 [1.7-12.3], respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Transient neonatal cholestasis is a complication of PN. SGA and neonatal surgery are additional risk factors. There is no evidence to limit intravenous protein intakes in preterm.
Service de Néonatologie, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Valerie
V
Champion
Ricardo
R
Carbajal
Jana
J
Lozar
Isabelle
I
Girard
Delphine
D
Mitanchez
D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047928:Premature Birth; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013909:Thorax