[The morphogenesis of mammalian cutaneous glands in evolutionary perspective].
The morphogenesis of mammalian cutaneous glands is considered based on the analysis of the literature and our own original data with the focus on the issues of gland polymorphism and specific features in postnatal development (from the case study of circumanal hepatoid glands of newborn domestic dogs), including the features reflecting the evolutionary relationships of various types of cutaneous glands. The hepatoid glands are a component of the glandular complex ofthe hair follicle, which also includes sebaceous and sweat glands; have a specific structure; and produce protein secretion by a merocrine pathway. Characteristic of these glands are wide polymorphism, sex- and age-related differences in the degree of development, occurrence in only a few phylogenetically related mammalian taxa (even-toed ungulates and carnivores); and a signaling type of their secretion. The data support the "generative concept," relying on the idea of a separate and independent origination of diverse derivatives of the external integuments.
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D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004285:Dogs; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D013545:Sweat Glands / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism