Methylglyoxal inhibits seed germination and root elongation and up-regulates transcription of stress-responsive genes in ABA-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis.
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive metabolite derived from glycolysis. In this study, we examined the effect of MG on seed germination, root elongation, chlorosis and stress-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis using an abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant, aba2-2. In the wild type, 0.1 mm MG did not affect germination but delayed root elongation, whereas 1.0 mm MG inhibited germination and root elongation and induced chlorosis. MG increased transcription levels of RD29B and RAB18 in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect RD29A transcription level. In contrast, in the aba2-2 mutant, MG inhibition of seed germination at 1.0 mm and 10.0 mm and a delay of root elongation at 0.1 mm MG were mitigated, although there was no significant difference in chlorosis between the wild type and mutant. Moreover, the aba2-2 mutation impaired MG-induced RD29B and RAB18 gene expression. These observations suggest that MG not only directly inhibits germination and root elongation but also indirectly modulates these processes via endogenous ABA in Arabidopsis.
Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Hoque
Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Uraji
Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Tuya
Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Nakamura
Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
Y
Y
Murata
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D000040:Abscisic Acid