The validity of marker registration for an optimal integration method in mandibular navigation surgery.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of 2 registration methods (marker-based registration and marker-free registration) during mandibular navigation surgery.


METHODS
Two point-to-point registration methods (marker-based registration and marker-free registration) were tested using software and navigation equipment: 1) 3 implanted orthodontic screws and 2) 3 anatomic points on the cusp tips of the teeth (central incisor and first molars bilaterally).


RESULTS
For the navigation equipment, the 3-point matching method of screw references was more accurate for all anatomic areas except the coronoid process and second premolar alveolar area. The registration error was largest for the condyle area. Errors were larger than 2.0 mm in the condyle, condyle neck, sigmoid notch, coronoid process, posterior border, lingula, and angle areas. In the oblique ridge, mental foramen, and dentoalveolar areas, the registration error using screws was smaller than 1.5 mm. For the software, tooth cusp references were more accurate for anatomic areas such as the mental foramen and dentoalveolar areas, but not the molar area. In all cases, the registration error was smaller than 1.0 mm, and that for the first molar was similar between the tooth tip overlap and the screw overlap.


CONCLUSIONS
Registration using screws generally was more accurate than registration using tooth cusps for mandibular navigation surgery. However, tooth tip references can be used for registration in dentoalveolar surgery.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
Sang-Hoon
SH
Kang
Moon-Key
MK
Kim
Jin-Hong
JH
Kim
Hee-Keun
HK
Park
Sang-Hwy
SH
Lee
Wonse
W
Park
D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001863:Bone Screws; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology