Anti-oxidative, anti-glycative and anti-apoptotic effects of oleanolic acid in brain of mice treated by D-galactose.
Anti-oxidative, anti-glycative and anti-apoptotic effects of oleanolic acid in brain from D-galactose treated mice were examined. Oleanolic acid at 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% was supplied to mice for 10 wk. D-Galactose treatment increased reactive oxygen species and protein carbonyl levels (P<0.05), and reduced activity and protein production of glutathione peroxide, superoxide dismutase and catalase in mice brain (P<0.05). Oleanolic acid intake dose-dependently lowered reactive oxygen species and protein carbonyl levels (P<0.05), and retained activity and expression of these enzymes (P<0.05). Brain levels of carboxymethyllysine, pentosidine and methylglyoxal were significantly increased in D-galactose treated mice (P<0.05). Oleanolic acid intake significantly decreased the level of these parameters (P<0.05). D-Galactose treatments enhanced brain activity and protein expression of aldose reducatse (AR); and declined glyoxalase I (GLI) activity and expression (P<0.05). Oleanolic acid intake dose-dependently diminished AR activity and expression (P<0.05), only at 0.2% retained GLI activity and expression (P<0.05). D-Galactose treatment up-regulated the activity, mRNA expression and protein production of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05), as well as suppressed Bcl-2 production (P<0.05). Oleanolic acid intake at 0.1% and 0.2% suppressed NF-κB p65, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 production, and retained Bcl-2 expression (P<0.05). These findings support that oleanolic acid may be a potent neuro-protective agent against aging.
School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
Shih-jei
SJ
Tsai
Mei-chin
MC
Yin
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D005690:Galactose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D005690:Galactose