Attitudes of health care professionals to opioid prescribing in end-of-life care: a qualitative focus group study.
BACKGROUND
Opioid therapy is central to the management of pain in the field of generalist palliative and end-of-life care, and international guidelines highlight the need for opioids to be used as part of a comprehensive strategy to treat pain. However, evidence suggests that the use of opioids in palliative care is suboptimal, and many patients do not receive adequate pain control at the end of life.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the attitudes of health care professionals to opioid prescribing in generalist end-of-life care.


METHODS
Thirty-one health and allied health professionals participated in four focus groups. Two focus groups took place in general practitioner practices and two in hospices.


RESULTS
Findings revealed that significant barriers exist to the appropriate use of opioids in end-of-life care. Particular barriers exist for professionals working in primary care and include concerns about giving high doses and having insufficient training in opioid use. Working partnerships between specialist and generalist palliative care providers are important for increasing generalist confidence in prescribing. Patients and their families often have concerns about initiating opioids, and specialist nursing staff are crucial to managing and alleviating these concerns.


CONCLUSIONS
Significant barriers exist to the appropriate use of opioids in end-of-life care. If international priorities on improving pain management at the end of life are to be achieved, educational opportunities for generalists need to be enhanced, and effective interprofessional working models need to be developed so that pain management for patients at the end of life is optimized.
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. c.gardiner@sheffield.ac.uk
Clare
C
Gardiner
Merryn
M
Gott
Christine
C
Ingleton
Philippa
P
Hughes
Michelle
M
Winslow
Michael I
MI
Bennett
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D058005:General Practitioners; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid