Maternal vitamin D status, its associated factors and the course of pregnancy in Thai women.
BACKGROUND
There are limited data on the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in pregnant women living in Southeast Asia and changes in their vitamin D status during pregnancy.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy, its predictive factors and the changes in vitamin D status during the course of pregnancy.


METHODS
A prospective study of 120 pregnant Thai women with gestational age <14 weeks.


METHODS
Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and clinical data were obtained at the first visit, in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Vitamin D inadequacy was defined as 25OHD <75 nm.


RESULTS
The prevalences of vitamin D inadequacy were 83.3%, 30.9% and 27.4% for the first, second and third trimesters. The independent predictors of vitamin D inadequacy in the third trimester were not drinking vitamin-fortified milk (OR 11.42; 95% CI: 3.12-41.86), not taking prenatal vitamins (OR 9.70; 95% CI: 2.28-41.19) and having vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester (OR 10.58; 95% CI: 2.89-38.80). Vitamin D deficiency was not found in women taking prenatal vitamins. However, 20 women who took at least 400 IU/day of vitamin D from prenatal vitamins still had vitamin D insufficiency in the third trimester.


CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D inadequacy is common in pregnant Thai women, especially in the first trimester. Vitamin D supplementation may be needed prior to conception and during pregnancy. For areas with abundant sun exposure like Thailand, vitamin D supplementation at 400 IU/day is likely to prevent vitamin D deficiency, but is inadequate to prevent vitamin D insufficiency even at 800 IU/day.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. natthineei@yahoo.com
Natthinee
N
Charatcharoenwitthaya
Tongta
T
Nanthakomon
Charintip
C
Somprasit
Athita
A
Chanthasenanont
La-or
LO
Chailurkit
Junya
J
Pattaraarchachai
Boonsong
B
Ongphiphadhanakul
D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013785:Thailand; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*
D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D