Between-country comparison of whole-body SAR from personal exposure data in Urban areas.
In five countries (Belgium, Switzerland, Slovenia, Hungary, and the Netherlands), personal radio frequency electromagnetic field measurements were performed in different microenvironments such as homes, public transports, or outdoors using the same exposure meters. From the mean personal field exposure levels (excluding mobile phone exposure), whole-body absorption values in a 1-year-old child and adult male model were calculated using a statistical multipath exposure method and compared for the five countries. All mean absorptions (maximal total absorption of 3.4 µW/kg for the child and 1.8 µW/kg for the adult) were well below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) basic restriction of 0.08 W/kg for the general public. Generally, incident field exposure levels were well correlated with whole-body absorptions (SAR(wb) ), although the type of microenvironment, frequency of the signals, and dimensions of the considered phantom modify the relationship between these exposure measures. Exposure to the television and Digital Audio Broadcasting band caused relatively higher SAR(wb) values (up to 65%) for the 1-year-old child than signals at higher frequencies due to the body size-dependent absorption rates. Frequency Modulation (FM) caused relatively higher absorptions (up to 80%) in the adult male.
Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IBBT, Ghent, Belgium. wout.joseph@intec.ugent.be
Wout
W
Joseph
Patrizia
P
Frei
Martin
M
Röösli
Günter
G
Vermeeren
John
J
Bolte
György
G
Thuróczy
Peter
P
Gajšek
Tomaž
T
Trček
Evelyn
E
Mohler
Péter
P
Juhász
Viktoria
V
Finta
Luc
L
Martens
D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D001822:Body Burden; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011846:Radio Waves; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation