Influence of cigarette smoking on synthesis of eicosanoids, isoprostanes and lipoxygenase metabolites in apical periodontitis.
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized to eicosanoids and isoprostanes (IPs) via different pathways. The presence of granuloma in apical periodontitis (AP) is linked with inflammation and the synthesis of metabolites of AA.


OBJECTIVE
We investigated the conversion rate of (14)C labelled arachidonic acid ((14)C-AA), the lipoxygenases (LOX) products and the endogenous synthesis of eicosanoids and IPs in extracted granuloma. Furthermore, we assessed if there are markers for bone destruction and the influence of cigarette smoking.


METHODS
In 46 patients with symptoms and corresponding radiological signs of AP, teeth were extracted including the periapical granuloma. The endogenous synthesis of eicosanoids and IPs, the conversion rate of (14)C-AA and LOX products in extracted granuloma were analyzed.


RESULTS
We found that smoking increases significantly the synthesis of IPs and LOX-metabolites in granuloma. Furthermore, smoking may have contributed to significant differences in qualitative and quantitative profile of eicosanoids, IPs and the conversion rate of (14)C-AA independent of the size of the granuloma.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data demonstrate that in smokers with granuloma due to AP products of lipid peroxidation as 8-iso-PGF(2α) and products of the LOX-pathway are increased at the expense of cyclooxygenase products. The size of granuloma did not influence the amount of synthesized eicosanoids, IPs or LOX-metabolites out of (14)C-AA whereas cigarette smoking was a significantly influencing and modifiable risk factor.
Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Dental Medical School Vienna, Austria.
Andreas
A
Eder
Elke
E
Koegl
Serge P
SP
von Duvillard
Helmut
H
Sinzinger
Robert
R
Berent
D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012907:Smoking
D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D015777:Eicosanoids; D028421:Isoprostanes; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D008084:Lipoxygenase