Effectiveness of a mouthrinse containing active ingredients in addition to chlorhexidine and triclosan compared with chlorhexidine and triclosan rinses on plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus and extrinsic staining.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of three different mouthrinses--chlorhexidine, triclosan + sodium fluoride and chlorhexidine + triclosan + sodium fluoride + zinc chloride--on plaque, calculus, gingivitis and stains and to evaluate the occurrence of adverse effects with these three treatments.


METHODS
Forty-eight healthy subjects participated in a double-blind, randomized, parallel experiment and were randomly allocated to any one of the three experimental mouthrinses: group A (0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate), group B (0.03% triclosan + 0.025% sodium fluoride (NaF) + 12% ethyl alcohol) or group C (0.2% CHX + 0.3% triclosan + 0.3% NaF + 0.09% Zn chloride (ZnCl(2)). All the subjects were assessed for gingivitis, plaque, supragingival calculus and extrinsic stains at baseline and at the end of the 21-day experimental period.


RESULTS
There was a significant difference (P = 0.046) in the effectiveness for the prevention of gingivitis and plaque, with subjects of group A and group C presenting least and highest gingival and plaque scores, respectively. Significant differences (P = 0.03) were observed for the accumulation of supragingival calculus where the deposition of calculus in group A was nearly double that of the group B, and group B was most effective in the prevention of supragingival calculus. Highest deposition of extrinsic stains was in the group A followed by group C and group B. There was no significant difference between the three treatments for adverse events' occurrence.


CONCLUSIONS
CHX mouthrinse was most effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis but caused greatest deposition of extrinsic stains. Supragingival calculus deposition was least in triclosan + NaF group followed by CHX + triclosan + NaF + ZnCl(2) and CHX. More than half of the subjects reported adverse events during the experimental phase.
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. santosh_dentist@yahoo.com
S
S
Kumar
S
S
Patel
J
J
Tadakamadla
H
H
Tibdewal
P
P
Duraiswamy
S
S
Kulkarni
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002712:Chlorides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014260:Triclosan / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D009067:Mouthwashes; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D014260:Triclosan; C016837:zinc chloride; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine