Trends in dietary fiber intake in the United States, 1999-2008.
BACKGROUND
Intake of dietary fiber has been recommended for many years as part of the guidelines from the American Heart Association, the Institute of Medicine, and other groups. The recommended Adequate Intake for dietary fiber for adults is 25 to 38 g/day (14 g/1,000 kcal/day).


OBJECTIVE
To determine the average daily intake of dietary fiber among adults during the past decade and, specifically, to document progress toward national goals.


METHODS
Cross-sectional weighted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among adults aged 18 years and older.


METHODS
Data were collected from noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years and older using a nationally representative, complex, multistage, probability-based survey of people living in the United States that was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics.


METHODS
Daily dietary fiber intake by members of the US population based on 2-year groupings of the continuous survey from 1999 to 2008.


RESULTS
Mean daily dietary fiber intake for 1999-2000 was 15.6 g/day, for 2001-2002 intake was 16.1g/day, for 2003-2004 intake was 15.5 g/day, for 2005-2006 intake was 15.8 g/day, and for 2007-2008 intake was 15.9 g/day. Participants with obesity (body mass index ≥30) consistently reported lower fiber intake than did individuals with normal weight or overweight (14.6 to 15.4 g/day and 15.6 to 16.8 g/day, respectively; P<0.0001). Mexican Americans had significantly higher intake in 1999-2000 than non-Hispanic whites (18.0 vs 16.1g/day; P<0.05), but Mexican Americans' intake did not increase over time (17.7 g/day in 2007-2008). Non-Hispanic blacks had fiber intake of 12.5 g/day at baseline that increased modestly to 13.1 g/day by 2007-2008.


CONCLUSIONS
Daily fiber intake generally has not progressed toward national goals during the past decade, but there are some differences according to health and social factors. Additional clinical practice and public health strategies are needed.
Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 295 Calhoun St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. kingde@musc.edu
Dana E
DE
King
Arch G
AG
Mainous
Carol A
CA
Lambourne
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology / Q000639:trends*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult