The effects of TLR activation on T-cell development and differentiation.
Invading pathogens have unique molecular signatures that are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) resulting in either activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and/or costimulation of T cells inducing both innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs are also involved in T-cell development and can reprogram Treg cells to become helper cells. T cells consist of various subsets, that is, Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), regulatory T cells (Treg) and these originate from thymic progenitor thymocytes. T-cell receptor (TCR) activation in distinct T-cell subsets with different TLRs results in differing outcomes, for example, activation of TLR4 expressed in T cells promotes suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Treg), while activation of TLR6 expressed in T cells abrogates Treg function. The current state of knowledge of regarding TLR-mediated T-cell development and differentiation is reviewed.
Department of Gastroenterology, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China. bjbo.jin@gmail.com
Bo
B
Jin
Tao
T
Sun
Xiao-Hong
XH
Yu
Ying-Xiang
YX
Yang
Anthony E T
AE
Yeo
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors