The effects of a water-based exercise program on strength and functionality of older adults.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effects of a water-based exercise program on peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD) during maximal voluntary ballistic isometric contractions of the lower limb muscles and the performance of a number of functional tests in the elderly.


METHODS
Thirty-seven elderly were randomly assigned to water-based training (3 d/wk for 12 wk) or a control group. Extensor and flexor PT and RTD of the ankle, knee, and hip joints and functional tests were evaluated before and after training.


RESULTS
PT increased after training for the hip flexors (18%) and extensors (40%) and the plantar-flexor (42%) muscles in the water-based group. RTD increased after training for the hip-extensor (10%), knee-extensor (11%), and ankle plantar-flexor (27%) muscles in the water-based group. Functional tests also improved after training in the water-based group (p < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
The water-based program improved PT and RTD and functional performance in the elderly.
Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil.
Cesar Barauce
CB
Bento P
Gleber
G
Pereira
Carlos
C
Ugrinowitsch
L F
LF
Rodacki A
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D019415:Torque