Microcomputed tomographic analysis of the alveolar ridge alteration around extraction sites with and without immediate implants placement: in vivo study.
BACKGROUND
The aim was to assess the alveolar ridge alteration around extraction sites with and without immediate implants according to extraction socket classification (ESC) using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).


METHODS
Ten beagle dogs (mean age and weight: 24 ± 0.83 months and 13.8 ± 0.49 kg, respectively) were randomly divided into three groups according to the ESC. In Group 1 (ESC-I), bilateral first and third premolars were extracted and replaced with immediate implants. In Group 2 (ESC-II), two adjacent premolars were extracted with one immediate implant placement in the mesial socket in the maxilla and in the distal socket in the mandible. In Group 3 (ESC-III), three adjacent teeth were extracted and an immediate implant was placed in the central socket. Primary closure was achieved using resorbable sutures. Buccal sites with dehiscence defects were excluded. After 4 months, subjects were sacrificed and alveolar ridge widths were measured at 1 mm interval in axial and sagittal views, using micro-CT in sites with and without immediate implants.


RESULTS
In sites without immediate implant placement, alveolar ridge width was significantly higher in Group 1(6.1 ± 1.35mm) than Group 3 (4.14 ± 1.53 mm) (p <.05). In sites with immediate implant placement, the alveolar ridge width was higher among sites in Group 1 (6.4 ± 3.8 mm) than Group 2 (4.8 ± 0.46 mm) (p < .05) and Group 3 (5.02 ± 0.84 mm) (p <.05). Overall, between each corresponding group in both sites with and without immediate implant placement at 1 mm thickness, there was no significant difference in the alveolar ridge widths.


CONCLUSIONS
With the exception of Group 1 (ESC-I), immediate implant placement did not prevent or minimize bone remodeling in extraction sites according to ESC.
Assistant Professor, Micro-CT and Biomechanics Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Dept. of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; research associate, Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Dept. of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; research associate, Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Dept. of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; research associate, Micro-CT and Biomechanics Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Dept. of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; associate professor, Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, and Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; associate professor, Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Dept. of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Dept. of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; associate professor, Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Dept. of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; professor, Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone 
Khalid
K
Al-Hezaimi
Munirah Saleh
MS
Al-Shabeeb
Mansour
M
Al-Askar
Fawad
F
Javed
Nasser
N
Nooh
Abdulaziz
A
Al-Rasheed
Nadir
N
Babay
Khalid Saleh
KS
Al-Hamdan
Hom Lay
HL
Wang
D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*