Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of strawberry and mulberry fruit polysaccharides on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages through modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines secretion and Bcl-2/Bak protein ratio.
This study is the first to isolate strawberry (SP) and mulberry fruit polysaccharides (MP) and assess their anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse primary macrophages. Pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine levels secreted by LPS-stimulated macrophages cultured with SP and MP for 48 h were determined using ELISA method to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of SP and MP. The Bcl-2/Bak (anti-/pro-apoptotic) protein levels in the cells were determined using Western blotting method to evaluate anti-apoptotic effects of SP and MP. The results showed that the maximum absorption peak of SP and MP appeared at 240 nm with a small shoulder around 280∼310 nm, suggesting that SP and MP might be glycoproteins. SP- and MP-treatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was markedly increased, suggesting that SP and MP have anti-inflammation potential via modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profiles. Both SP and MP modulated Bak and Bcl-2 protein levels in the cells, suggesting that the SP and MP protected LPS-stimulated macrophages from apoptotic cell death. A negative correlation between cytokine secretion levels and Bcl-2 protein levels suggested that pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines decreased Bcl-2 levels in the LPS-stimulated macrophages.
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
Chieh-Jung
CJ
Liu
Jin-Yuarn
JY
Lin
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C494773:Bak1 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein