Abundance and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes and mobile elements in an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment system.
We investigated the abundance and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes (tet genes) in an oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic production wastewater (APW) treatment system. Of sixteen tet genes and five mobile elements, nine tet genes (tet(A), tet(C), tet(G), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), and tet(X)) and two mobile elements (class 1 integron (intI1) and transposon Tn916/1545) were successfully quantified by real-time PCR. The relative abundance of tet genes in the effluent and activated sludge (1.2 × 10(-4) to 1.3 × 10(0)) of the APW treatment system were up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the OTC fermentation residues (8.5 × 10(-5) to 6.7 × 10(-3)) (P < 0.01), and 1-4 orders of magnitude higher than those in sewage and nonantibiotic production wastewater treatment systems (P < 0.01), showing that the discharge of abundant tet genes from the APW treatment system is worthy of attention. The three most abundant genes in the APW treatment system, tet(A), tet(C), and tet(G), exhibited significant positive correlations with intI1 (R(2) = 0.73, 0.95, and 0.83, respectively; P < 0.05), suggesting that intI1 may be involved in their proliferation. This is the first study showing that some measures may be required to control the discharge of antibiotic resistance genes from treated APW and activated sludge.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
Miaomiao
M
Liu
Yu
Y
Zhang
Min
M
Yang
Zhe
Z
Tian
Liren
L
Ren
Shujun
S
Zhang
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015723:Gene Library; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D010118:Oxytetracycline