Genomic diversity of 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak strains.
The millions of deaths from cholera during the past 200 y, coupled with the morbidity and mortality of cholera in Haiti since October 2010, are grim reminders that Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, remains a scourge. We report the isolation of both V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/O139 early in the Haiti cholera epidemic from samples collected from victims in 18 towns across eight Arrondissements of Haiti. The results showed two distinct populations of V. cholerae coexisted in Haiti early in the epidemic. As non-O1/O139 V. cholerae was the sole pathogen isolated from 21% of the clinical specimens, its role in this epidemic, either alone or in concert with V. cholerae O1, cannot be dismissed. A genomic approach was used to examine similarities and differences among the Haitian V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae non-O1/O139 strains. A total of 47 V. cholerae O1 and 29 V. cholerae non-O1/O139 isolates from patients and the environment were sequenced. Comparative genome analyses of the 76 genomes and eight reference strains of V. cholerae isolated in concurrent epidemics outside Haiti and 27 V. cholerae genomes available in the public database demonstrated substantial diversity of V. cholerae and ongoing flux within its genome.
Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Nur A
NA
Hasan
Seon Young
SY
Choi
Mark
M
Eppinger
Philip W
PW
Clark
Arlene
A
Chen
Munirul
M
Alam
Bradd J
BJ
Haley
Elisa
E
Taviani
Erin
E
Hine
Qi
Q
Su
Luke J
LJ
Tallon
Joseph B
JB
Prosper
Keziah
K
Furth
M M
MM
Hoq
Huai
H
Li
Claire M
CM
Fraser-Liggett
Alejandro
A
Cravioto
Anwar
A
Huq
Jacques
J
Ravel
Thomas A
TA
Cebula
Rita R
RR
Colwell
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000235:genetics*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C444447:o1 SXT constin protein, Vibrio cholerae; C444446:o139 SXT constin protein, Vibrio cholerae