Varying allergen composition and content affects the in vivo allergenic activity of commercial Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts.
BACKGROUND
Diagnosis and immunotherapy of house-dust mite (HDM) allergy is still based on natural allergen extracts. The aim of this study was to analyze commercially available Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts from different manufacturers regarding allergen composition and content and whether variations may affect their allergenic activity.


METHODS
Antibodies specific for several D. pteronyssinus allergens (Der p 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 and 21) were used to analyze extracts from 10 different manufacturers by immunoblotting. Sandwich ELISAs were used to quantify Der p 1 and Der p 2 in the extracts. Mite-allergic patients (n = 45) were skin-tested with the extracts and tested for immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity to a panel of 10 mite allergens (Der p 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 20 and 21) by dot blot.


RESULTS
Only Der p 1 and Der p 2 were detected in all extracts but their concentrations and ratios showed high variability (Der p 1: 6.0-40.8 µg ml(-1); Der p 2: 1.7-45.0 µg ml(-1)). At least 1 out of 4 allergens (i.e. Der p 5, 7, 10 and 21) was not detected in 8 of the studied extracts. Mite-allergic subjects showed different IgE reactivity profiles to the individual mite allergens, the extracts showed different allergenic activity in skin-prick tests and false-negative results.


CONCLUSIONS
Commercially available D. pteronyssinus extracts lack important allergens, show great variability regarding allergen composition and content and some gave false-negative diagnostic test results in certain patients.
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Anne
A
Casset
Adriano
A
Mari
Ashok
A
Purohit
Yvonne
Y
Resch
Margit
M
Weghofer
Rosetta
R
Ferrara
Wayne R
WR
Thomas
Claudia
C
Alessandri
Kuan-Wei
KW
Chen
Frédéric
F
de Blay
Rudolf
R
Valenta
Susanne
S
Vrtala
D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000916:Antibody Diversity; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D040002:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests
D000485:Allergens; D000906:Antibodies; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D045424:Complex Mixtures; C451163:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 2; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C451162:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 1