The spatial genetic differentiation of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations in West Africa.
The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, is an endemic insect pest that causes significant yield loss to the cowpea crop in West Africa. The application of population genetic tools is important in the management of insect pests but such data on M. vitrata is lacking. We applied a set of six microsatellite markers to assess the population structure of M. vitrata collected at five sites from Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria. Observed polymorphisms ranged from one (marker 3393) to eight (marker 32008) alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 and 0.0 to 0.6, respectively. Three of the loci in samples from Nigeria and Burkina Faso deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), whereas no loci deviated significantly in samples from Niger. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 67.3% level of the genetic variation was within individuals compared to 17.3% among populations. A global estimate of F ST=0.1 (ENA corrected F ST=0.1) was significant (P⩽0.05) and corroborated by pairwise F ST values that were significant among all possible comparisons. A significant correlation was predicted between genetic divergence and geographic distance between subpopulations (R2=0.6, P=0.04), and cluster analysis by the program STRUCTURE predicted that co-ancestry of genotypes were indicative of three distinct populations. The spatial genetic variance among M. vitrata in West Africa may be due to limited gene flow, south-north seasonal movement pattern or other reproductive barriers. This information is important for the cultural, chemical and biological control strategies for managing M. vitrata.
Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
T A
TA
Agunbiade
USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, USA.
B S
BS
Coates
College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea and USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, USA.
K S
KS
Kim
School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
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D
Forgacs
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
V M
VM
Margam
Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
L L
LL
Murdock
Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricole Station de Kamboinse, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, France.
M N
MN
Ba
Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricole Station de Kamboinse, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, France.
C L
CL
Binso-Dabire
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, Maradi, Niger.
I
I
Baoua
Department of Plant Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
M F
MF
Ishiyaku
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin.
M
M
Tamò
Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
B R
BR
Pittendrigh
D000818:Animals; D002050:Burkina Faso; D051456:Gene Flow; D007300:Insect Control; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics*; D009548:Niger; D009549:Nigeria; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011157:Population Dynamics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D019476:Insect Proteins