Cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of low-concentration triclosan on adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Humans at all ages are continually exposed to triclosan (TCS), a widely used antimicrobial agent that can be found in many daily hygiene products, such as toothpastes and shampoos; however, the toxicological and biological effects of TCS in the human body after long-term and low-concentration exposure are far from being well understood. In the current study, we investigated the effects of TCS on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by measuring the cytotoxicity, morphological changes, lipid accumulation, and the expression of adipocyte differentiation biomarkers during 21-day adipogenesis. Significant cytotoxicity was observed in un-induced hMSCs treated with high-concentration TCS (≥ 5.0 μM TCS), but not with low-concentration treatments (≤ 2.5 μM TCS). TCS inhibited adipocyte differentiation of hMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner in the 0.156 to 2.5 μM range as indicated by morphological changes with Oil Red O staining, which is an index of lipid accumulation. The inhibitory effect was confirmed by a decrease in gene expression of specific adipocyte differentiation biomarkers including adipocyte protein 2, lipoprotein lipase, and adiponectin. Our study demonstrates that TCS inhibits adipocyte differentiation of hMSCs under concentrations that are not cytotoxic and in the range observed in human blood.
Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Li-Wu
LW
Guo
Qiangen
Q
Wu
Bridgett
B
Green
Greg
G
Nolen
Leming
L
Shi
Jessica
J
Losurdo
Helen
H
Deng
Steven
S
Bauer
Jia-Long
JL
Fang
Baitang
B
Ning
D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*
D052242:Adiponectin; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001391:Azo Compounds; D014260:Triclosan; D012313:RNA; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; C011049:oil red O