Palliative Care teaching in Germany - concepts and future developments.
BACKGROUND
Following recent modifications of the Medical Licensure Act (ÄApprO) in the year 2009, palliative care was introduced as a compulsory 13(th) cross-disciplinary subject (Q13) in the undergraduate curriculum. Its implementation must have taken place before the beginning of the final year ('practical year') in August 2013 and has to be substantiated for the medical exams taking place in October 2014. Very diverse structures pertaining to palliative care teaching were described in previous surveys at various medical faculties in Germany. As a result, the current and future plans and concepts related to content and exams of a mandatory Q13 course at the respective faculty sites should be ascertained.


METHODS
Since 2006, the German Medical Students' Association (bvmd) has been carrying out a bi-annual survey at all medical faculties in Germany regarding the current situation of teaching in the field of palliative care. After designing and piloting an online survey in May 2010, a one-month online survey took place. The data was assessed using a descriptive approach.


RESULTS
31 of 36 medical faculties took part in the survey. At the time of questioning, 15 faculties already taught courses according to the requirements of the new ÄApprO; at three sites the Q13 is yet to be introduced commencing in 2012. A teaching curriculum for Q13 already existed at 15 faculty sites, partly based on the curricular requirements of the German Association for Palliative Medicine (DGP). Six sites described an implementation process as yet without an independent curriculum. Most of the faculties aim for 21-40 course hours, which will for the most part be provided as lectures, seminars or less often in more assisted and intense formats. The majority of the participating faculties intend an examination containing multiple choice questions. At 8 universities there is an independent Chair for palliative medicine (5 more are planned); this was linked with a higher degree of mandatory teaching in alignment with the requirements of the ÄApprO. A broad spectrum of educationally-involved occupational groups, specialist disciplines and external co-operating partners, were mentioned.


CONCLUSIONS
The infrastructural prerequisites of the present curricular concepts and the degree of implementation of the Q13 according to the requirements of the new ÄApprO diverge significantly among the various medical faculties. The efforts made to produce a qualitatively high standard of teaching with regard to the multifaceted questions concerning the support for severely and terminally ill patients is as much reflected in the survey, as the special implications of an independent Chair for palliative medicine for the implementation of the requirements by law. The participation of various occupational groups in this survey as well as the broad spectrum of those involved highlights the interdisciplinary and multi-professional dimension of teaching in palliative care.
Jena University, Medical faculty, Jena, Germany.
B
B
Ilse
J
J
Hildebrandt
J
J
Posselt
A
A
Laske
I
I
Dietz
G D
GD
Borasio
A
A
Kopf
F
F
Nauck
F
F
Elsner
U
U
Wedding
Bernd
B
Alt-Epping
D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000592:standards; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005544:Forecasting; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008007:Licensure, Medical / Q000639:trends; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends