Experimental and husbandry procedures as potential modifiers of the results of phenotyping tests.
To maximize the sensitivity of detecting affects of genetic variants in mice, variables have been minimized through the use of inbred mouse lines, by eliminating infectious organisms and controlling environmental variables. However, the impact of standard animal husbandry and experimental procedures on the validity of experimental data is under appreciated. In this study we monitored the impact of these procedures by using parameters that reflect stress and physiological responses to it. Short-term measures included telemetered heart rate and systolic arterial pressure, core body temperature and blood glucose, while longer-term parameters were assessed such as body weight. Male and female C57BL6/NTac mice were subjected to a range of stressors with different perceived severities ranging from repeated blood glucose and core temperature measurement procedures, intra-peritoneal injection and overnight fasting to cage transport and cage changing.Our studies reveal that common husbandry and experimental procedures significantly influence mouse physiology and behaviour. Systolic arterial pressure, heart rate, locomotor activity, core temperature and blood glucose were elevated in response to a range of experimental procedures. Differences between sexes were evident, female mice displayed more sustained cardiovascular responses and locomotor activity than male mice. These results have important implications for the design and implementation of multiple component experiments where the lasting effects of stress from previous tests may modify the outcomes of subsequent ones.
Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK. akg@sanger.ac.uk
Anna-Karin
AK
Gerdin
Natalia
N
Igosheva
Laura-Anne
LA
Roberson
Ozama
O
Ismail
Natasha
N
Karp
Mark
M
Sanderson
Emma
E
Cambridge
Carl
C
Shannon
David
D
Sunter
Ramiro
R
Ramirez-Solis
James
J
Bussell
Jacqueline K
JK
White
D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose