Two types of typicality: rethinking the role of statistical typicality in ordinary causal attributions.
Recent work on the role of norms in the use of causal language by ordinary people has led to a consensus among several researchers: The consensus position is that causal attributions are sensitive to both statistical norms and prescriptive norms. But what is a statistical norm? We argue that there are at least two types that should be distinguished--agent-level statistical norms and population-level statistical norms. We then suggest an alternative account of ordinary causal attributions about agents (the responsibility view), noting that this view motivates divergent predictions about the effect of information about each of the two types of statistical norms noted. Further, these predictions run counter to those made by the consensus position. With this set-up in place, we present the results of a series of new experimental studies testing our predictions. The results are in line with the responsibility view, while indicating that the consensus position is seriously mistaken.
Department of Philosophy and Humanities, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70656, Johnson City, TN 37690, United States. sytsma@etsu.edu
Justin
J
Sytsma
Jonathan
J
Livengood
David
D
Rose
D015984:Causality; D032921:Consensus; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D012107:Research Design; D012938:Social Perception; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012942:Social Sciences / Q000379:methods*; D012945:Social Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic