Fluorescence microscopy techniques for quantitative evaluation of organic biocide distribution in antifouling paint coatings: application to model antifouling coatings.
A test matrix of antifouling (AF) coatings including pMMA, an erodible binder and a novel trityl copolymer incorporating Cu₂O and a furan derivative (FD) natural product, were subjected to pontoon immersion and accelerated rotor tests. Fluorescence and optical microscopy techniques were applied to these coatings for quantification of organic biocide and pigment distribution. Total leaching of the biocide from the novel copolymer binder was observed within 6 months of rotor immersion, compared to 35% from the pMMA coating. In pontoon immersions, 61% of the additive was lost from the pMMA coating, and 53% from the erodible binder. Profiles of FD content in the binders revealed an accelerated loss of additive from the surface of the CDP resulting from rosin degradation, compared to even depletion from pMMA. In all samples, release of the biocide was inhibited beyond the Cu₂O front, corresponding to the leached layer in samples where Cu₂O release occurred.
National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton-nCATS, Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. lrg104@soton.ac.uk
L R
LR
Goodes
S P
SP
Dennington
H
H
Schuppe
J A
JA
Wharton
M
M
Bakker
J W
JW
Klijnstra
K R
KR
Stokes
D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004058:Diffusion; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010150:Paint / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D012767:Ships
D004202:Disinfectants; D005663:Furans; D011108:Polymers; D003300:Copper; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C000520:cuprous oxide; C039281:furan