Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
We examined the association of second-trimester maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).


METHODS
Among 1314 pregnant women who participated in Project Viva, a birth cohort study, we measured 25(OH)D levels at 26-28 weeks gestation during GDM screening using a 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge test.


RESULTS
We found 25(OH)D levels of <25 nmol/L in 44 of 1087 women (4.0%) with normal glucose tolerance, 9 of 159 women (5.7%) with impaired glucose tolerance, and 9 of 68 women (13.2%) with GDM. Analyses that were adjusted for sociodemographics, season, maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and dietary factors suggested that women with 25(OH)D levels of <25 vs ≥25 nmol/L may have higher odds of experiencing GDM (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-5.5). Glucose levels after the glucose challenge test were associated inversely with 25(OH)D levels (P < .01).


CONCLUSIONS
Second-trimester 25(OH)D levels were associated inversely with glucose levels after 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge test; low 25(OH)D levels may be associated with increased risk of GDM.
Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Heather H
HH
Burris
Sheryl L
SL
Rifas-Shiman
Ken
K
Kleinman
Augusto A
AA
Litonjua
Susanna Y
SY
Huh
Janet W
JW
Rich-Edwards
Carlos A
CA
Camargo
Matthew W
MW
Gillman
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D