Wired at a young age: the effect of caffeine and technology on sleep duration and body mass index in school-aged children.
BACKGROUND
Two problems affecting school-aged children in the United States are inadequate sleep and an increased prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to quantify media-related technology use and caffeine consumption in order to assess their potential effects on sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) in children.


METHODS
The study was a secondary analysis of children 6 to 10 years of age (N = 625) from the National Sleep Foundation's Sleep in America Poll. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between caffeine and technology use, sleep variables, and BMI, adjusting for age, race, gender, and general health.


RESULTS
Almost 30% (29.5%) of the children consumed a daily caffeinated beverage, and 42.4% had a television in the bedroom. Children who drank caffeinated beverages had 15 fewer minutes of sleep per night than did children who did not drink such beverages (b = -0.27, p = .002). Children with three technology items in their bedroom received 45 fewer minutes of sleep than did children without these items in their bedroom (b = -0.75, p = .010). Having adjusted for variables, only drinking caffeinated beverages was associated with a BMI z score.


CONCLUSIONS
The complex relationships between caffeine intake and the use of technology with shortened periods of sleep and increased BMI need further study. Future research should explore how these risk factors for shortened periods of sleep can be modified in this young population.
Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W Lombard St, Suite 675B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. calamaro@son.umaryland.edu
Christina J
CJ
Calamaro
Kyeongra
K
Yang
Sarah
S
Ratcliffe
Eileen R
ER
Chasens
D001288:Attention; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002110:Caffeine; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014851:Wakefulness
D002110:Caffeine