Fontan conversion to one and one half ventricle repair.
BACKGROUND
In patients with a modified Fontan connection, particularly the right atrial to right ventricular connection, the pulmonary ventricle may enlarge with time.


METHODS
Between January 1990 and December 2006, 10 patients (median age, 24 years) underwent Fontan conversion to a one and one half ventricle repair. Tricuspid atresia was the most common diagnosis (n=7). The right atrial to right ventricular connection was present in 8 patients; 3 patients had a prior bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. Preoperative median right atrial pressure was 14 mm Hg (range, 12 to 20 mm Hg). Indications for surgery were exercise intolerance, arrhythmias, and conduit obstruction. Echocardiography showed moderate right ventricular hypoplasia, with right atrial to right ventricular regurgitation. The conversion included closure of septal defects, tricuspid valve replacement (n=8), bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (n=7), valved right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (n=2), and arrhythmia surgery (n=6).


RESULTS
There was no early mortality. There was one reoperation for residual ventricular septal defect. Prolonged chest tube drainage occurred in 2 patients. Postoperative right atrial pressure ranged from 8 to 14 mm Hg (median, 10 mm Hg; p=0.02). Median follow-up was 8 years. There was no late mortality. Nine patients are in New York Heart Association class I or II, and 1 patient has biventricular failure and was awaiting transplantation. There were two late reoperations, 1 for thrombosis of the mechanical tricuspid valve prosthesis and 1 for obstruction of the valved right ventricular outflow tract conduit. Three patients had recurrent atrial arrhythmias requiring cardioversion.


CONCLUSIONS
Fontan conversion to one and one half ventricle repair is feasible in selected patients with a failing Fontan circulation. Operation can be performed with low early mortality. Arrhythmia surgery should be performed routinely. Quality of life is excellent.
Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Vikas
V
Sharma
Harold M
HM
Burkhart
Frank
F
Cetta
Donald J
DJ
Hagler
Sabrina D
SD
Phillips
Joseph A
JA
Dearani
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult