Risk of type 2 diabetes among HIV-infected and healthy subjects in Italy.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in HIV population and a comparison with the general population may help screening and prevention. In this cross-sectional study the authors determined the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in 4,249 HIV-infected subjects attending the San Raffaele Infectious Diseases Department compared with 9,148 healthy controls recruited in 15 Italian regions, and identified risk factors associated with of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined as reported diabetes, a fasting plasma glucose concentration ≥7.0 mmol/l, or current use of anti-diabetic medication. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher in HIV-infected than healthy subjects (4.1 vs. 2.5 %; P < 0.0001). At multivariable analysis, HIV-infected subjects (odds ratio 1.70, 95 % CI, 1.12-2.51; P = 0.009), older age (P < 0.0001), higher BMI (P < 0.0001) and hypertension (P = 0.039) were associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Among HIV-infected patients, the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus increased with older age (P < 0.0001), higher BMI (P = 0.003), higher triglycerides (P = 0.015) lower total cholesterol (P = 0.008), longer duration of HIV infection (P = 0.036) lower nadir CD4 (P = 0.027). Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected subjects was almost two-fold increased than healthy subjects and it was associated with the typical risk factors of the general population and also to longer duration of HIV infection and lower nadir CD4.
Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. galli.laura@hsr.it
Laura
L
Galli
Stefania
S
Salpietro
Gabriele
G
Pellicciotta
Alberto
A
Galliani
Piermarco
P
Piatti
Hamid
H
Hasson
Monica
M
Guffanti
Nicola
N
Gianotti
Alba
A
Bigoloni
Adriano
A
Lazzarin
Antonella
A
Castagna
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids