A randomized controlled trial of a tailored group smoking cessation intervention for HIV-infected smokers.
BACKGROUND
More than half of the persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) in the US smoke cigarettes, and tobacco use is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in this group. Little is known about the efficacy of tobacco treatment strategies in PLWH.


METHODS
Randomized controlled trial comparing Positively Smoke Free (PSF), an intensive group-therapy intervention targeting HIV-infected smokers, to standard care.


METHODS
A cohort of 145 PLWH smokers, recruited from an HIV-care center in the Bronx, New York, were randomized 1:1 into the PSF program or standard care. All were offered a 3-month supply of nicotine replacement therapy. PSF is an 8-session program tailored to address the needs and concerns of HIV-infected smokers. The sessions were cofacilitated by a graduate student and an HIV-infected peer. The primary outcome was biochemically confirmed, 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 3 months.


RESULTS
In the intention-to-treat analysis, PSF condition subjects had nearly double the quit rate of controls (19.2% vs. 9.7%, P = 0.11). In the complete case, as-treated analysis, assignment to PSF was associated with increased odds of quitting (odds ratio(adj) 3.55, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 12.0). Latino ethnicity and lower loneliness score were predictive of abstinence. The subjects in the PSF condition exhibited significant decreases in daily cigarette consumption and significant increases in self-efficacy and in motivation to quit. Attendance of ≥7 sessions was associated with higher quit rates.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest a positive effect of PSF on cessation rates in PLWH smokers. Loneliness and self-efficacy are influential factors in the smoking behaviors of PLWH.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Alyson B
AB
Moadel
Steven L
SL
Bernstein
Robin J
RJ
Mermelstein
Julia H
JH
Arnsten
Eileen H
EH
Dolce
Jonathan
J
Shuter
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome