Rapid diagnosis of the infection of pine tree with pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) by use of host-tree volatiles.
Attraction of the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus nematode toward 18 volatiles of Pinus species was evaluated by a Petri-dish bioassay under laboratory conditions to develop a rapid diagnostic kit. Among these compounds, α-pinene, β-pinene, and camphor showed significantly higher attractiveness to B. xylophilus in both the reproductive and dispersal stages, whereas these compounds were not active against Bursaphelenchus mucronatus . A trap tube was developed as a diagnostic kit, which consisted of a tube filled with 0.8% agar and a matrix impregnated with an attractant: α-pinene, β-pinene, or camphor. All tested compounds attracted a significantly higher number of B. xylophilus than that in the control treatment. No significant difference was observed among attractants. The cotton-ball matrix was significantly more effective than the filter-paper matrix for attracting B. xylophilus in the artificial pupal chamber bioassay. In a bioassay with pine wood nematode (PWN)-infected pine tree logs, B. xylophilus was initially attracted after an 8 h trap period and the number of B. xylophilus increased with time. The trap tube using camphor and the cotton-ball matrix were most effective for attracting B. xylophilus . The semiochemical-based tube-trapping method is simple to use, requires minimal labor, and is economical and effective for detecting B. xylophilus living in host pine trees during field sampling.
Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and ‡Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea.
Ji Eun
JE
Yun
Junheon
J
Kim
Chung Gyoo
CG
Park
D000818:Animals; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002164:Camphor / Q000032:analysis; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D017187:Tylenchida / Q000254:growth & development*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D039821:Monoterpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C010789:beta-pinene; D002164:Camphor; C005451:alpha-pinene