Organic micropollutants in coastal waters from NW Mediterranean Sea: sources distribution and potential risk.
This study provides a first estimation on the sources, distribution and risk of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in coastal waters from NW Mediterranean Sea. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates and alkylphenols were analyzed by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-EI-MS/MS). River waters and wastewater treatment plant effluents discharging to the sea were identified as the main sources of OMPs to coastal waters, with an estimated input amount of around of 25,800 g d(-1). The concentration of ΣOMPs in coastal areas ranged from 17.4 to 8442 ng L(-1), and was the highest in port waters, followed by coastal and river mouth seawaters. A summarized overview of the patterns and sources of OMP contamination on the investigated coastal sea waters of NW Mediterranean Sea, as well as of their geographical distribution was obtained by Principal Component Analysis of the complete data set after its adequate pretreatment. Alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates were the main contributors to ΣOMPs and produced an estimated significant pollution risk for fish, algae and the sensitive mysid shrimp organisms in seawater samples. The combination of GC-MS/MS, chemometrics and risk analysis is proven to be useful for a better control and management of OMP discharges.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Juan
J
Sánchez-Avila
Romà
R
Tauler
Silvia
S
Lacorte
D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D033364:Decapoda; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D005618:Fresh Water; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D058086:Microalgae; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D015048:Zooplankton; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010575:Pesticides; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds