Metabolomics-based optimal koji fermentation for tyrosinase inhibition supplemented with Astragalus radix.
The present study was focused on improving the quality of rice koji by fermentation with a selected Aspergillus oryzae strain and a plant Astragalus radix. A. oryzae KCCM 60345 was used as main inoculant and the Astragalus radix was added as supplement in rice koji preparation. LC-MS based metabolite analysis and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were studied for different time periods. A. oryzae KCCM 60345 fermented rice koji supplemented with Astragalus showed higher tyrosinase inhibition activity at 4 d of fermentation and metabolite analysis with PCA and PLS-DA indicated differences in kojic acid, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, and formononetin as compared with other forms of rice koji fermentation. By correlation analysis between metabolites and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, calycosin and kojic acid were identified as major tyrosinase inhibitors. Based on these results, we concluded that A. oryzae KCCM 60345 supplemented with Astragalus radix is useful for whitening effects, and we identified optimal conditions for rice koji preparation.
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ah Jin
AJ
Kim
Jung Nam
JN
Choi
Jiyoung
J
Kim
Soo Hwan
SH
Yeo
Ji Ho
JH
Choi
Choong Hwan
CH
Lee
D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D027885:Astragalus propinquus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005285:Fermentation; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011753:Pyrones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D005960:Glucosides; D007529:Isoflavones; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011753:Pyrones; C526426:calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside; C121707:7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone; C007768:formononetin; C011890:kojic acid; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase