Pathophysiologic cascades in ischemic stroke.
Many advances have been achieved in terms of understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ischemic stroke. But thus far, clinically effective neuroprotectants remain elusive. In this minireview, we summarize the basics of ischemic cascades after stroke, covering neuronal death mechanisms, white matter pathophysiology, and inflammation with an emphasis on microglia. Translating promising mechanistic knowledge into clinically meaningful stroke drugs is very challenging. An integrative approach that encompasses the multimodal and multicell signaling phenomenon of stroke will be required to move forward.
Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Changhong
C
Xing
Ken
K
Arai
Eng H
EH
Lo
Marc
M
Hommel
D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents