Activated protein C modulates cardiac metabolism and augments autophagy in the ischemic heart.
BACKGROUND
Modulation of energy substrate metabolism may constitute a novel therapeutic intervention against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a key regulator of favorable metabolic signaling pathways in response to myocardial ischemia. Recently, we demonstrated that activated protein C (APC) is cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by augmenting AMPK signaling.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine whether the APC modulation of substrate metabolism contributes to its cardioprotective effect against I/R injury.


METHODS
An ex vivo working mouse heart perfusion system was used to characterize the effect of wild-type APC and its signaling-proficient mutant, APC-2Cys (which has dramatically reduced anticoagulant activity), on glucose transport in the ischemic heart.


RESULTS
Both APC and APC-2Cys (0.2 μg g(-1)) augment the ischemic stress-induced translocation of the glucose transporter (GLUT4) to the myocardial cell membrane, leading to increased glucose uptake and glucose oxidation in the ischemic heart (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle). Both APC derivatives increased the autophagic flux in the heart following I/R. The activity of APC-2Cys in modulating these metabolic pathways was significantly higher than APC during I/R (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, APC-2Cys, but not wild-type APC, attenuated the I/R-initiated fatty acid oxidation by 80% (P < 0.01 vs. vehicle).


CONCLUSIONS
APC exerts a cardioprotective effect against I/R injury by preferentially enhancing the oxidation of glucose over fatty acids as energy substrates in the ischemic heart. Given its significantly higher beneficial metabolic modulatory effect, APC-2Cys may be developed as a potential therapeutic drug for treating ischemic heart disease without risk of bleeding.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
R
R
Costa
A
A
Morrison
J
J
Wang
C
C
Manithody
J
J
Li
A R
AR
Rezaie
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011486:Protein C / Q000502:physiology*
D011486:Protein C