Association between ocular dominance and spherical/astigmatic anisometropia, age, and sex: analysis of 1274 hyperopic individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between ocular dominance and spherical/astigmatic anisometropia, age, and sex in hyperopic subjects.


METHODS
The medical records of 1274 hyperopic refractive surgery candidates were filtered. Ocular dominance was assessed with the hole-in-the-card test. Refractive error (manifest and cycloplegic) was measured in each subject and correlated to ocular dominance. Only subjects with corrected distance visual acuity of >20/22 in each eye were enrolled, to exclude amblyopia. Associations between ocular dominance and refractive state were analyzed by means of t-test, χ(2) test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.


RESULTS
Right and left eye ocular dominance was noted in 57.4 and 40.5% of the individuals. Nondominant eyes were more hyperopic (2.6 ± 1.27 diopters [D] vs. 2.35 ± 1.16 D; P < 0.001) and more astigmatic (-1.3 ± 1.3 D vs. -1.2 ± 1.2 D; P = 0.003) compared to dominant eyes. For spherical equivalent (SE) anisometropia of >2.5 D (n = 21), the nondominant eye was more hyperopic in 95.2% (SE 4.7 ± 1.4 D) compared to 4.8% (1.8 ± 0.94 D; P < 0.001) for the dominant eye being more hyperopic. For astigmatic anisometropia of >2.5 D (n = 27), the nondominant eye was more astigmatic in 89% (mean astigmatism -3.8 ± 1.1 D) compared to 11.1% (-1.4 ± 1.4 D; P < 0.001) for the dominant eye being more astigmatic.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study is the first to show that the nondominant eye has a greater degree of hyperopia and astigmatism than the dominant eye in hyperopic subjects. The prevalence of the nondominant eye being more hyperopic and more astigmatic increases with increasing anisometropia.
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany. slinke@uke.uni-hamburg.de
Stephan J
SJ
Linke
Julio
J
Baviera
Gisbert
G
Richard
Toam
T
Katz
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015858:Anisometropia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D023882:Dominance, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult