Insights on the susceptibility of plant pathogenic fungi to phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and its chemical derivatives.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens strain M71 produced two phenazine compounds as main secondary metabolites. These metabolites were identified as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2-hydroxyphenazine (2-OH P). In this study, the spectrum of the activity of PCA and 2-OH P was evaluated against a group of crop and forestal plant pathogenic fungi by an agar plate bioassay. PCA was active against most of the tested plant pathogens, while 2-OH P slightly inhibited a few fungal species. Furthermore, four semisynthesised derivatives of PCA (phenazine-1-carboxymethyl, phenazine-1-carboxamide, phenazine-1-hydroxymethyl and phenazine-1-acetoxymethyl) were assayed for their antifungal activity against 11 phytopathogenic species. Results showed that the carboxyl group is a structural feature important for the antifungal activity of PCA. Since the activity of phenazine-1-carboxymethyl and phenazine-1-carboxamide, the two more lipophilic and reversible PCA derivatives remained substantially unaltered compared with PCA.
Dipartimento di Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia Vegetale, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
Gerardo
G
Puopolo
Marco
M
Masi
Aida
A
Raio
Anna
A
Andolfi
Astolfo
A
Zoina
Alessio
A
Cimmino
Antonio
A
Evidente
D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D010619:Phenazines / Q000633:toxicity; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
D010619:Phenazines; C037165:1-phenazinecarboxylic acid