Boronate probes as diagnostic tools for real time monitoring of peroxynitrite and hydroperoxides.
Boronates, a group of organic compounds, are emerging as one of the most effective probes for detecting and quantifying peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Boronates react with peroxynitrite nearly a million times faster than with hydrogen peroxide. Boronate-containing fluorogenic compounds have been used to monitor real time generation of peroxynitrite in cells and for imaging hydrogen peroxide in living animals. This perspective highlights potential applications of boronates and other fluorescent probes to high-throughput analyses of peroxynitrite and hydroperoxides in toxicological studies.
Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Jacek
J
Zielonka
Adam
A
Sikora
Micael
M
Hardy
Joy
J
Joseph
Brian P
BP
Dranka
Balaraman
B
Kalyanaraman
D000818:Animals; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
D001897:Boronic Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide