Oxidative stress, Nox isoforms and complications of diabetes--potential targets for novel therapies.
Most diabetes-related complications and causes of death arise from cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease. Amongst the major complications of diabetes mellitus are retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and accelerated atherosclerosis. Increased bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (termed oxidative stress), derived in large part from the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of free radical producing enzymes, has been demonstrated in experimental and clinical diabetes and has been implicated in the cardiovascular and renal complications of diabetes. The present review focuses on the role of Noxs and oxidative stress in some major complications of diabetes, including nephropathy, retinopathy and atherosclerosis. We also discuss Nox isoforms as potential targets for therapy.
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
Mona
M
Sedeek
Augusto C
AC
Montezano
Richard L
RL
Hebert
Stephen P
SP
Gray
Elyse
E
Di Marco
Jay C
JC
Jha
Mark E
ME
Cooper
Karin
K
Jandeleit-Dahm
Ernesto L
EL
Schiffrin
Jennifer L
JL
Wilkinson-Berka
Rhian M
RM
Touyz
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases