Dry eye syndrome due to botulinum toxin type-A injection: guideline for prevention.
Dry eye syndrome is a potential complication of botulinum toxin type-A injection (BTX-A) into the lateral canthal rhytids (crow's feet). The early manifestations of this syndrome are subtle and are rarely reported to the treating physician. A guideline for early detection of dry-eye state is proposed, in order to avoid more troublesome adverse effects that may develop with repeated injections of BTX-A into the crow's feet region. If suspected early, clinical manifestations remain minor and are reversible. However, delayed diagnosis may lead to troublesome and persistent symptoms. A novel and practical grading scale of lower eyelid snap-back and distraction tests is offered that helps in documenting patient's clinical progress and in deciding when BTX-A injections should be delayed or discontinued.
Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Omar K
OK
Ozgur
Daniel
D
Murariu
Alan A
AA
Parsa
Fereydoun Don
FD
Parsa
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011634:Public Health; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A