Composition of fingermark residue: a qualitative and quantitative review.
This article describes the composition of fingermark residue as being a complex system with numerous compounds coming from different sources and evolving over time from the initial composition (corresponding to the composition right after deposition) to the aged composition (corresponding to the evolution of the initial composition over time). This complex system will additionally vary due to effects of numerous influence factors grouped in five different classes: the donor characteristics, the deposition conditions, the substrate nature, the environmental conditions and the applied enhancement techniques. The initial and aged compositions as well as the influence factors are thus considered in this article to provide a qualitative and quantitative review of all compounds identified in fingermark residue up to now. The analytical techniques used to obtain these data are also enumerated. This review highlights the fact that despite the numerous analytical processes that have already been proposed and tested to elucidate fingermark composition, advanced knowledge is still missing. Thus, there is a real need to conduct future research on the composition of fingermark residue, focusing particularly on quantitative measurements, aging kinetics and effects of influence factors. The results of future research are particularly important for advances in fingermark enhancement and dating technique developments.
Institut de Police Scientifique, University of Lausanne, Bâtochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. aline.girod@unil.ch
Aline
A
Girod
Robert
R
Ramotowski
Céline
C
Weyermann
D000367:Age Factors; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002845:Chromatography; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D020405:Dermis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D004777:Environment; D004817:Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008027:Light; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis; D011312:Pressure; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012629:Sebum / Q000737:chemistry; D012737:Sex Factors; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry; D013545:Sweat Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000032:analysis
D000596:Amino Acids; D003358:Cosmetics; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010455:Peptides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011506:Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D014527:Uric Acid; D019800:Phenol; D019344:Lactic Acid; D009538:Nicotine; D013185:Squalene; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine