Embedded silica nanoparticles in poly(caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffolds enhanced osteogenic potential for bone tissue engineering.
Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) has been frequently considered for bone tissue engineering because of its excellent biocompatibility. A drawback, however, of PCL is its inadequate mechanical strength for bone tissue engineering and its inadequate bioactivity to promote bone tissue regeneration from mesenchymal stem cells. To correct this deficiency, this work investigates the addition of nanoparticles of silica (nSiO(2)) to the scaffold to take advantage of the known bioactivity of silica as an osteogenic material and also to improve the mechanical properties through nanoscale reinforcement of the PCL fibers. The nanocomposite scaffolds and the pristine PCL scaffolds were evaluated physicochemically, mechanically, and biologically in the presence of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The results indicated that, when the nanoparticles of size approximately 10 nm (concentrations of 0.5% and 1% w/v) were embedded within, or attached to, the PCL nanofibers, there was a substantial increase in scaffold strength, protein adsorption, and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. These nSiO(2) nanoparticles, when directly added to the cells evidently pointed to ingestion of these particles by the cells followed by cell death. The polymer nanofibers appeared to protect the cells by preventing ingestion of the silica nanoparticles, while at the same time adequately exposing them on fiber surfaces for their desired bioactivity.
Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India.
Nitya
N
Ganesh
Rangasamy
R
Jayakumar
Manzoor
M
Koyakutty
Ullas
U
Mony
Shantikumar V
SV
Nair
D000327:Adsorption; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase