Understanding help-seeking decisions in people with heart failure: a qualitative systematic review.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the process of help-seeking among heart failure patients from the perspectives of patients, caregivers and health professionals.


METHODS
Systematic review using qualitative meta-synthesis.


METHODS
A systematic search (20th May 2011) was conducted to identify studies published in English as full papers ≥1995 reporting primary qualitative data with extractable heart failure-specific data or themes related to help-seeking in patients, caregivers or health professionals. Databases searched were: CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Social Science Citation Index, Embase, Social policy/Practice, SocIndex, Ageline, Health Source Nursing, Scopus; additionally, we consulted with experts and manually searched references.


RESULTS
58 studies (990 patients; 274 female, 527 male, 189 sex not described; 229 caregivers, 79 health professionals) were included. Heart failure help-seeking was embedded in daily experiences of heart failure but ongoing symptoms were confusing, ambiguous and disruptive; little support was available from professionals to interpret the presence and significance of fluctuations in symptoms for help-seeking. Other significant barriers to help-seeking were: avoidance-based coping, fear of hospitals and misplaced reluctance to be burdensome. Help-seeking was facilitated by good involvement and frank communication between patients, caregivers and health professionals and the presence of a sense of elevated personal risk.


CONCLUSIONS
Health services should harness primary care providers and support patients and caregivers to prioritize development of objective symptom monitoring skills, recognize and personally assimilate the elevated risks of heart failure and help-seeking delays and discourage avoidance-based coping and unwarranted concerns that downplay the significance of heart failure and urgency to address symptoms.
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2G3. alex.clark@ualberta.ca
Alexander M
AM
Clark
Lori A
LA
Savard
Melisa A
MA
Spaling
Stephanie
S
Heath
Amanda S
AS
Duncan
Judith A
JA
Spiers
D003657:Decision Making; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care