Enhancement of Hsp70 synthesis protects common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., against lethal ammonia toxicity.
Exposure to TEX-OE®, a patented extract of the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) containing chaperone-stimulating factor, was shown to protect common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fingerlings against acute ammonia stress. Survival was enhanced twofold from 50% to 95% after exposure to 5.92 mg L(-1) NH(3) , a level determined in the ammonia challenge bioassay as the 1-h LD50 concentration for this species. Survival of TEX-OE®-pre-exposed fish was enhanced by 20% over non-exposed controls during lethal ammonia challenge (14.21 mg L(-1)  NH(3) ). Increase in the levels of gill and muscle Hsp70 was evident in TEX-OE®-pre-exposed fish but not in the unexposed controls, indicating that application of TEX-OE® accelerated carp endogenous Hsp70 synthesis during ammonia perturbation. Protection against ammonia was correlated with Hsp70 accretion.
Department of Aquaculture Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Aqua-Industry, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. yeong@umt.edu.my
Y Y
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Sung
R J
RJ
Roberts
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Bossier
D000641:Ammonia / Q000506:poisoning*; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D029747:Opuntia / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011041:Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000506:poisoning*
D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000641:Ammonia