Treatment of Amanita phalloides intoxication by fractionated plasma separation and adsorption (Prometheus®).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effectiveness and safety of extracorporeal detoxification using the fractionated plasma separation and adsorption system (FPSA, Prometheus® 4008H, Fresenius Medical Care, Germany) in patients suffering from acute liver failure due to intoxication with Amanita phalloides (AP) toxin.


METHODS
The study population consisted of 20 patients with proven AP intoxication (FPSA treatment group n=9, control group n=11). Urinary amanitin toxin concentration was measured by the Amanitin ELISA Kit (Bühlmann Laboratories, Germany, cut off level 1.5 ng/ml). All patients received standard medical treatment with activated charcoal, i.v. crystalloid fluids, silibinine and N-acetylcysteine. Additionally 9 patients underwent treatment with FPSA until undetectable amanitin levels.


RESULTS
Mean urinary amanitin levels were significantly reduced by FPSA with 42.5 +/- 21.9 ng/ml before and 1.2 +/- 0.31 ng/ml after treatment (p=0.04). No hemodynamic, respiratory or hematological complications were observed. None of the patients had to undergo liver transplantation. All patients in the treatment group survived and were discharged fully recovered. One patient in the control group died due to shock and lactic acidosis; one patient remained dialysis dependent. Mean duration of hospital stay was 7.1 days in the treatment group and 11.7 days in the control group (p=0.30).


CONCLUSIONS
Use of liver support therapy by fractionated plasma separation and adsorption (Prometheus®) offers a safe way for elimination of Amanita toxin with the potential to avoid the need for liver transplantation.
Department of Internal Medicine 1, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. dominik.bergis@kgu.de
Dominik
D
Bergis
Mireen
M
Friedrich-Rust
Stefan
S
Zeuzem
Cristoph
C
Betz
Christoph
C
Sarrazin
Joerg
J
Bojunga
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000545:Amanita; D000546:Amanitins / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009145:Mushroom Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016060:Sorption Detoxification / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000546:Amanitins; D001663:Bilirubin