Transcriptional responses of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) to thermal, bisphenol A, and copper stresses in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum.
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family is an important part of the cell's machinery for protein folding, and helps to protect cells from environmental stress. Although Hsp70 functions have been discovered in various organisms, studies on dinoflagellate Hsps are limited, except for a few phylogenetic attempts. In this study, we sequenced the complete open reading frame of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Hsp70 (PmHsp70), and characterized its molecular functions. The putative PmHsp70 protein contained 3 signature patterns of the Hsp70 family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PmHsp70 belonged to the dinoflagellate clade. Real-time (RT)-PCR analyses revealed that PmHsp70 was upregulated by thermal stress. Further, we examined the transcriptional response of PmHsp70 to copper (Cu) and bisphenol A (BPA) exposures. In toxicity assays, Cu and BPA exhibited EC(50)-72 h values of 1.07 ± 0.138 mg L(-1) and 1.51 ± 0.110 mg L(-1), respectively, in P. minimum. Expression of PmHsp70 was significantly upregulated in response to Cu and BPA exposures (one-way ANOVA, P<0.05). PmHsp70 displayed different expression patterns in response to different concentrations of Cu and BPA. This study evaluated typical characteristics and, for the first time, toxicant-related functions of PmHsp70. The results suggest that Hsp70 genes may play a vital role in the environmental stress responses of dinoflagellates.
Department of Green Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea.
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Guo
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Ebenezer
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D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001682:Biological Availability; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003300:Copper / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010636:Phenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D010802:Phylogeny; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013696:Temperature; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003300:Copper; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds