Differences between group X and group V secretory phospholipase A(2) in lipolytic modification of lipoproteins.
Secretory phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are a diverse family of low molecular mass enzymes (13-18 kDa) that hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acid ester bond of glycerophospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. We have previously shown that group X sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-X) had a strong hydrolyzing activity toward phosphatidylcholine in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) linked to the formation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Here, we show that group V sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-V) can also cause the lipolysis of LDL, but its action differs remarkably from that of sPLA(2)-X in several respects. Although sPLA(2)-V released almost the same amount of fatty acids from LDL, it released more linoleic acid and less arachidonic acid than sPLA(2)-X. In addition, the requirement of Ca(2+) for the lipolysis of LDL was about 10-fold higher for sPLA(2)-V than sPLA(2)-X. In fact, the release of fatty acids from human serum was hardly detectable upon incubation with sPLA(2)-V in the presence of sodium citrate, which contrasted with the potent response to sPLA(2)-X. Moreover, sPLA(2)-X, but not sPLA(2)-V, was found to specifically interact with LDL among the serum proteins, as assessed by gel-filtration chromatography as well as sandwich enzyme-immunosorbent assay using anti-sPLA(2)-X and anti-apoB antibodies. Surface plasmon resonance studies have revealed that sPLA2-X can bind to LDL with high-affinity (K(d) = 3.1 nM) in the presence of Ca(2+). Selective interaction of sPLA(2)-X with LDL might be involved in the efficient hydrolysis of cell surface or intracellular phospholipids during foam cell formation.
Department of Molecular Bacteriology, RIMD, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. skami@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp
Shigeki
S
Kamitani
Katsutoshi
K
Yamada
Shigenori
S
Yamamoto
Yoshikazu
Y
Ishimoto
Takashi
T
Ono
Akihiko
A
Saiga
Kohji
K
Hanasaki
D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry; D054505:Group V Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054509:Group X Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
D002951:Citrates; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010743:Phospholipids; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D054505:Group V Phospholipases A2; D054509:Group X Phospholipases A2; D002118:Calcium