Hydration status of Arabic adolescents and young men: measurement, evaluation, and a school-based initiative to improve drinking behavior.
BACKGROUND
Despite the importance of hydration, limited research on the topic has been undertaken in Arabic populations.


METHODS
Study 1. Five sequential daily midmorning urine samples were provided by 88 adult military cadets and 32 school-based adolescents. Hydration thresholds were produced using percentiles of estimated urine osmolality (Uosm) and urine color (Ucol). Study 2. The authors assessed 1,077 midmorning urine samples from 120 military cadets and 52 adolescents for the Uosm:Ucol relationship using regression. Study 3. The authors conducted a 4-wk hydration campaign in which 21 adolescents participated, providing urine samples before (PreC), at the end of (EndC), and 2 wk after the campaign (PostC).


RESULTS
Study 1. Euhydration (41-60th percentile) was 881-970 mOsmol/kg in adults and 821-900 mOsmol/kg in adolescents. Study 2. In both cohorts, Uosm and Ucol were associated (p < .01): adults R² = .33, adolescents R² = .59. Study 3. Urine osmolality was significantly higher PreC than at EndC and PostC.


CONCLUSIONS
Urinary output of Arabic adolescents and military cadets was more concentrated than frequently recommended for euhydration. Further work in similar populations is required to determine if these values represent hypohydration or merely reflect dietary and cultural differences. In male Arabic adolescents and adults, Ucol was an adequate indicator of hydration status. Favorable hydration changes were made after a school-based health campaign.
Optimal Performance Ltd., Bristol, UK.
James M
JM
Carter
Tom
T
Loney
Sam D
SD
Blacker
Graham F
GF
Nicholson
David M
DM
Wilkinson
D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003681:Dehydration / Q000652:urine*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012574:Schools; D014479:United Arab Emirates; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance; D055815:Young Adult