The effect of almonds on inflammation and oxidative stress in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial.
OBJECTIVE
Almond consumption is associated with ameliorations in obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. The hypothesis of this 12-week randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial was that almond consumption would ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (9 M, 11 F; 58 years; BMI: 26 kg/m²) with mild hyperlipidemia.


METHODS
After a 2-week run-in period, the patients were assigned to either a control NCEP step II diet (control diet) or almond diet for 4 weeks with a 2-week washout period between alternative diets. Almonds approximately at 56 g/day were added to the control diet to replace 20 % of total daily calorie intake.


RESULTS
As compared to the control diet, the almond diet decreased IL-6 by a median 10.3 % (95 % confidence intervals 5.2, 12.6 %), CRP by a median 10.3 % (-24.1, 40.5), and TNF-α by a median 15.7 % (-0.3, 29.9). The almond diet also decreased plasma protein carbonyl by a median 28.2 % (4.7, 38.2) as compared to the C diet but did not alter plasma malondialdehyde. The A diet enhanced the resistance of LDL against Cu²⁺-induced oxidation by a median 16.3 % (7.4, 44.3) as compared to the C diet. Serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 were not changed by both diets.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggested that incorporation of almonds into a healthy diet could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM.
School of Nutrition and Health Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jen-Fang
JF
Liu
Yen-Hua
YH
Liu
Chiao-Ming
CM
Chen
Wen-Hsin
WH
Chang
C-Y Oliver
CY
Chen
D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D027861:Prunus; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013624:Taiwan
D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein