Fetal haemopoiesis marking low-grade urinary bladder cancer.
BACKGROUND
The immunohistochemical features of fetal haemoglobin cells and their distribution patterns in solid tumours, such as colorectal cancer and blastomas, suggest that fetal haemopoiesis may take place in these tumour tissues. These locally highly concentrated fetal haemoglobin (HbF) cells may promote tumour growth by providing a more efficient oxygen supply.


RESULTS
Biomarkers of HbF were checked in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder, assessing this as a new parameter for disease management. Fetal haemoglobin was immunohistochemically examined in tumours from 60 patients with TCC of the bladder. Fetal haemoglobin erythrocytes and erythroblasts were mainly clonally distributed in proliferating blood vessels and not mixed with normal haemoglobin erythrocytes. The proportion of such HbF blood vessels could reach more than half of the total number of vessels. There were often many HbF erythroblasts distributed in one-cell or two-cell capillaries and present as 5-15% of cells in multi-cell vessels. This suggests a local proliferation of HbF-cell progenitors. Fetal haemoglobin cells were prominently marking lower grades of tumours, as 76% (n=21) of the patients with G1pTa were HbF+, whereas only 6.7% (n=30) of the patients with G3pT1-pT2a were HbF+.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that HbF, besides being a potential new marker for early tumour detection, might be an essential factor of early tumour development, as in fetal life. Inhibiting HbF upregulation may provide a therapeutic target for the inhibition of tumour growth.
Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Core Pathology Facility, The Royal London Hospital, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, UK. wolk1@bezeqint.net
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Wolk
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Martin
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004900:Erythroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin