Infiltration of demineralized dentin with silica and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.
OBJECTIVE
The management of demineralized dentin resulting from dental caries or acid erosion remains an oral healthcare clinical challenge. This paper investigates, through a range of studies, the ability of colloidal silica and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles to infiltrate the collagen structure of demineralized dentin.


METHODS
Dentin samples were completely demineralized in 4 N formic acid. The remaining collagen matrix of the dentin samples was subsequently infiltrated with a range of nano-particulate colloidal silica and HA solutions. The effectiveness and extent of the infiltration was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).


RESULTS
Silica nanoparticles have the ability to penetrate dentin and remain embedded within the collagen matrix. It is suggested that particle size plays a major role in the degree of dentin infiltration, with smaller diameter particles demonstrating a greater infiltrative capacity. The infiltration of demineralized dentin with sol-gel HA nanoparticles was limited but was significantly increased when combined with the deflocculating agent sodium hexametaphosphate. The use of acetone as a transport vehicle is reported to enhance the infiltration capacity of sol-gel HA nanoparticles.


CONCLUSIONS
Collagen infiltrated with HA and silica nanoparticles may provide a suitable scaffold for the remineralization of dentin, whereby the infiltrated particles act as seeds within the collage matrix and given the appropriate remineralizing environment, mineral growth may occur.
School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK.
Alexandros
A
Besinis
Richard
R
van Noort
Nicolas
N
Martin
D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010710:Phosphates; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
D003102:Colloids; D010710:Phosphates; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; C009285:sodium polymetaphosphate