The early cellular signatures of protective immunity induced by live viral vaccination.
Here, we have used primary vaccination of healthy donors with attenuated live yellow fever virus 17D (YFV-17D) as a model to study the generation of protective immunity. In short intervals after vaccination, we analyzed the induction of YFV-17D specific T- and B-cell immunity, bystander activation, dendritic cell subsets, changes in serum cytokine levels, and YFV-17D-specific antibodies. We show activation of innate immunity and a concomitant decline of numbers of peripheral blood T and B cells. An early peak of antigen-specific T cells at day 2, followed by mobilization of innate immune cells, preceded the development of maximal adaptive immunity against YFV-17D at day 14 after vaccination. Interestingly, potent adaptive immunity as measured by high titers of neutralizing YFV-17D-specific antibodies, correlated with early activation and recruitment of YFV-17D-specific CD4(+)  T cells and higher levels of sIL-6R. Thus our data might provide new insights into the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity for the induction of protective immunity.
Charité University Medicine CCM, Klinik für Neurologie/NCRC, Berlin, Germany. siegfried.kohler@charite.de
Siegfried
S
Kohler
Nicole
N
Bethke
Matthias
M
Böthe
Sophie
S
Sommerick
Marco
M
Frentsch
Chiara
C
Romagnani
Matthias
M
Niedrig
Andreas
A
Thiel
D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000517:prevention & control; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine