Cytocompatibility of polymer-based periodontal bone substitutes in gingival fibroblast and MC3T3 osteoblast cell cultures.
OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory periodontal diseases are accompanied by destruction of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. Infrabony lesions can be regenerated with adequate bone substitutes, which require high biocompatibility of the material.


METHODS
To rate the biocompatibility of nine polymeric periodontal bone substitutes (Bio 1-Bio 9), cell viability and cytotoxicity assays were performed. For viability, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and MC3T3 osteoblasts were cultured on the bone substitutes. For cytotoxicity, biomaterial extracts were prepared by incubation with culture medium for maximally 28days, and cells were exposed to the extracts for 1day. Polymers Bio 1 to Bio 5 were prepared by solvent casting, Bio 6 to Bio 9 by photopolymerization of the monomers at wavelengths of 400-500nm in the presence of a suitable photoinitiation system.


RESULTS
Bio 1, Bio 3, Bio 4, Bio 5, and Bio 7 showed moderate to excellent cytocompatibility for both HGFs and osteoblasts in viability tests. Together with the results of the cytotoxicity assays, four of the nine tested polymers were considered cytocompatible: Bio 1 (poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate; PVB)), Bio 4 and Bio 5 (functionalized oligolactones), and, to a limited degree, Bio 7 (urethane methacrylate). Except for Bio 7, the cytocompatible polymers showed intermediate water contact angles (74-85°) and therefore moderate to low hydrophilicity.


CONCLUSIONS
The non-cross-linked polymers Bio 1, Bio 4, or Bio 5, and the photopolymerized polymeric network Bio 7 display good/excellent cytocompatibility and are therefore potential candidates for tissue engineering in alveolar bone substitution.
Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
Tina
T
Ruediger
Albrecht
A
Berg
André
A
Guellmar
Claudia
C
Rode
Matthias
M
Schnabelrauch
Annett
A
Urbanek
Kerstin
K
Wagner
Ralf
R
Wyrwa
Raimund W
RW
Kinne
Bernd W
BW
Sigusch
D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000628:therapy*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D011108:Polymers