Physiological demands of therapeutic horseback riding in children with moderate to severe motor impairments:  an exploratory study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine energy expenditure at rest and during a single therapeutic horseback riding (THR) session in children with moderate to severe motor impairments.


METHODS
Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (.VO2), and minute ventilation (.VE) were measured continuously during a 10-minute rest period and during a typical THR session.


RESULTS
Seven children (4 males, mean age 12.3 ± 3.5 years) completed the protocol. Significant increases from rest were seen for mean HR, .VO2, .VE, and energy expenditure. Based on .VO2, 43.3 ± 24.3% of the THR session consisted of sedentary, 44.4 ± 13.4% of light, and 12.3 ± 21.8% of moderate to vigorous activity intensity, with large interindividual differences.


CONCLUSIONS
The physiological demands of THR in children with moderate to severe motor impairments are moderate. However, considering the short duration of maintaining moderate to vigorous exercise activity during THR in combination with the low training frequency, group data indicate that it is unlikely that THR will improve cardiopulmonary fitness in these children.
Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Bart C
BC
Bongers
Tim
T
Takken
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D056147:Equine-Assisted Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012146:Rest; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome