Effects of abomasal infusion of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil on microbial β-glucuronidase activity and concentration of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk of dairy cows.
Ruminal microbiota plays an important role in the conversion of plant lignans into mammalian lignans. The main mammalian lignan present in the milk of dairy cows fed flax products is enterolactone (EL). The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of abomasal infusion of flax oil on the metabolism of flax lignans and concentrations of EL in biological fluids of dairy cows. A total of six rumen-cannulated dairy cows were assigned within a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of six treatments utilising flax hulls (0 and 15·9 % of DM) and abomasal infusion of flax oil (0, 250 and 500 g/d). There were six periods of 21 d each. Samples were collected during the last 7 d of each period and subjected to chemical analysis. Flax hull supplementation increased concentrations of EL in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk, while flax oil infusion had no effect. Post-feeding, β-glucuronidase activity in the ruminal fluid of cows infused with 250 g flax oil was significantly lower for cows fed hulls than for those fed the control diet. The present study demonstrated that the presence of a rich source of n-3 fatty acids such as flax oil in the small intestine does not interfere with the absorption of the mammalian lignan EL and that lower ruminal β-glucuronidase activity had no effect on the conversion of flax lignans into EL in the rumen of dairy cows.
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Stn Lennoxville, Sherbrooke, Canada, QC J1M 1Z3.
Cristiano
C
Côrtes
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
Daniele
D
da Silva-Kazama
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
Ricardo
R
Kazama
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Stn Lennoxville, Sherbrooke, Canada, QC J1M 1Z3.
Chaouki
C
Benchaar
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
Geraldo
G
dos Santos
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
Lucia M
LM
Zeoula
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Stn Lennoxville, Sherbrooke, Canada, QC J1M 1Z3.
N
N
Gagnon
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Stn Lennoxville, Sherbrooke, Canada, QC J1M 1Z3.
Hélène V
HV
Petit
D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D000018:Abomasum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D011792:Quebec; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017705:Lignans; D008043:Linseed Oil; D005966:Glucuronidase; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone