Oncology nurses' narratives about ethical dilemmas and prognosis-related communication in advanced cancer patients.
BACKGROUND
Oncology nurses routinely encounter ethical dilemmas when caring for advanced cancer patients, particularly concerning prognosis-related communications. Nurses experience uncertainty and barriers to providing quality end-of-life care; thus, more information is needed about recognizing and managing these dilemmas and to clarify their role in these situations.


OBJECTIVE
The purposes of this study were to (1) describe the frequency and types of ethical dilemmas experienced by oncology nurses caring for advanced cancer patients and (2) to summarize their written comments about prognosis-related communications.


METHODS
This was a content analysis of narrative comments provided by 137 oncology nurses who completed a mailed national survey of members of the Oncology Nursing Society.


RESULTS
The most frequently reported ethical dilemmas encompassed uncertainties and barriers to truth telling, familial and cultural conflict, and futility. Physician-nurse teams were considered optimal for delivering prognosis-related information. Nurses offered strategies for facilitating these communications. They also expressed the need for more education about how to engage in prognosis-related discussions and for better methods for relaying this information among team members to avoid "working in the dark."


CONCLUSIONS
Oncology nurses routinely experience ethical dilemmas, and there is a need for clarification of their role in these circumstances. Healthcare providers would benefit from interdisciplinary education about prognosis-related discussions. Attention to managing familial conflict and understanding cultural variations associated with illness, death, and dying is also needed.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings reveal new information about ethical dilemmas encountered by nurses and strategies for improving end-of-life communications with advanced cancer patients.
Charles Warren Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. smclenno@iupui.edu
Susan M
SM
McLennon
Margaret
M
Uhrich
Sue
S
Lasiter
Amy R
AR
Chamness
Paul R
PR
Helft
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D004645:Empathy / Q000941:ethics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing*; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics*; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000941:ethics*; D011379:Prognosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000941:ethics*