Morphology and morphopathology of hypopharyngo-esophageal cancer.
Cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer represent a major diagnostic issue in early stages, considering the fact that the implication of both cervical esophageal and hypopharyngeal cancers shows a poor prognostic from the very beginning. Positive diagnosis can only be made after histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis in addition. The bioptic material is sampled by rigid endoscopy this being the only viable method of assessing data on the tumor prior to the surgery. As much as 95% of tumors located at this site are epidermoid carcinomas with different staging and characteristics, other types of tumors being adenocarcinomas, lymphomas, etc. Several risk factors influence the biology of this site thus inflicting both cellular and molecular modifications that are the origin of cancer development.
ENT Department, Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
B
B
Popescu
C R
CR
Popescu
Raluca
R
Grigore
Carmen Aurelia
CA
Mogoantă
Elena
E
Ioniţă
C
C
Moculescu
Ş V G
ŞV
Berteşteanu
D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors