Ophthalmology manifestations of pediatric cancer treatment.
OBJECTIVE
Advances in pediatric oncology care have increased survival rates for children with malignancy. As a result, ophthalmologists are seeing more short-term and long-term complications associated with the treatment of these conditions. Ophthalmologists need to be aware of cancer treatment-related eye disorders.


RESULTS
Multiple eye findings are associated with cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, radiation, bone marrow transplantation, and newer modalities such as intra-arterial chemotherapy. Malignancy and treatment cause immunodeficiency that can lead to infectious disease manifestations, including eye involvement. Our understanding of the prevalence of eye involvement in infectious diseases is changing due to newer antimicrobial treatment modalities and earlier screening. Paraneoplastic conditions may manifest with eye findings either before the diagnosis of the primary malignancy or as a late finding. The evolution of IVF has raised concerns of increased cancer risks, including ocular tumors.


CONCLUSIONS
Ophthalmologists who are involved with the care of children undergoing cancer treatment need to be aware of the many eye manifestations that may result.
Division of Ophthalmology, Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Jefferson Medical College/Wills Eye Institute, Wilmington, Delaware 19806, USA. jsalvin@nemours.org
Jonathan H
JH
Salvin
Dorothy
D
Hendricks
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D059545:Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular / Q000209:etiology*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents