Differences in weight status and energy-balance related behaviours according to ethnic background among adolescents in seven countries in Europe: the ENERGY-project.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore differences in weight status and energy balance behaviours according to ethnic background among adolescents across Europe.


METHODS
A school-based survey among 10-12-year-old adolescents was conducted in seven European countries. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured; engagement in physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviour, and sleep duration was assessed by child and parent-report. A distinction between native and non-native ethnic background was based on language spoken at home, and the parents' country of birth. Analyses were conducted with and without adjustment for parental education.


RESULTS
With valid data on both indicators of ethnic background for 5149 adolescents, 7307 adolescents (52% girls; 11.6 ± 0.7 years) participated. Significantly higher prevalence of overweight, obesity, body mass index and waist circumference were observed among non-native compared with native adolescents. Non-native adolescents had less favourable behavioural patterns (sugary drinks, breakfast skipping, sport, TV and computer time, hours of sleep) with the exception of active transport to school. Similar patterns were observed for both indicators of ethnicity, and in most of the separate countries; however, in Greece, weight status indicators were better among non-native adolescents. After adjustment for parental education, most differences remained significant according to country of origin of the parents, but not according to language spoken at home.


CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents of native ethnicity of the country of residence have, in general, more favourable weight status indicators and energy balance-related behaviours than adolescents of non-native ethnicity across Europe.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.brug@vumc.nl
J
J
Brug
M M
MM
van Stralen
M J M
MJ
Chinapaw
I
I
De Bourdeaudhuij
N
N
Lien
E
E
Bere
A S
AS
Singh
L
L
Maes
L
L
Moreno
N
N
Jan
E
E
Kovacs
T
T
Lobstein
Y
Y
Manios
S J
SJ
Te Velde
D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000208:ethnology*; D062408:Breakfast; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000208:ethnology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005006:Ethnicity; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D010290:Parents; D055105:Waist Circumference