A sensitive LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method reveals novel phytosiderophores and phytosiderophore-iron complexes in barley.
The direct analysis of phytosiderophores (PSs) and their metal complexes in plants is critical to understanding the biological functions of different PSs. Here we report on a rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) method for the direct and simultaneous determination of free PSs and their ferric complexes in plants. In addition to previously reported PSs--deoxymugineic acid (DMA), mugineic acid (MA) and epihydroxymugineic acid (epi-HMA)--two more PSs, avenic acid (AVA) and hydroxyavenic acid (HAVA), were identified by this method in roots of Hordeum vulgare cv Himalaya and in root exudates under iron (Fe) deficiency. The two identified PSs could be responsible for Fe acquisition under Fe deficiency because of their relative abundance and ability to form ferric complexes in secreted root exudates. This LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method greatly facilitates the identification of free PSs and PS-Fe complexes in one plant sample.
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.|Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Munkhtsetseg
M
Tsednee
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yit-Wai
YW
Mak
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yet-Ran
YR
Chen
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.|Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Kuo-Chen
KC
Yeh
D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017262:Siderophores / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
D053147:Plant Exudates; D017262:Siderophores; D007501:Iron