Phosphate/pyrophosphate and MV-related proteins in mineralisation: discoveries from mouse models.
During the process of matrix vesicle (MV)-mediated initiation of mineralisation, chondrocytes and osteoblasts mineralise the extracellular matrix by promoting the seeding of basic calcium phosphate crystals of hydroxyapatite (HA) along the collagen fibrils. This orchestrated process is carefully regulated by the balanced action of propagators and inhibitors of calcification. The primary antagonistic regulators of extracellular matrix mineralisation are phosphate (Pi) and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Studies in mouse models and in humans have established critical roles for Pi/PPi homeostasis in biomineralisation. In this review, we present the regulators of Pi/PPi, as derived from animal models, and discuss their clinical relevance to physiological and pathological mineralisation.
Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Shandong, China.
Xiaoying
X
Zhou
Yazhou
Y
Cui
Xiaoyan
X
Zhou
Jinxiang
J
Han
D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*
D011756:Diphosphates; D010710:Phosphates; C107241:diphosphoric acid