Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI): a case report and review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) is a serious disease that can progress from a mild flu-like illness to fulminant sepsis in a short time period. Although relatively rare, it has a high mortality rate with delayed or inadequate treatment, and therefore, it is important for Emergency Physicians to be familiar with it. Patients who are asplenic or hyposplenic are at an increased risk for infection and death from encapsulated organisms and other dangerous pathogens.


OBJECTIVE
There is an abundance of literature discussing OPSI from the perspective of hematologists and infectious disease specialists, but an Emergency Medicine perspective is necessary to truly understand the acute nature of the disease. The objective of this article is to present a careful examination of the literature with a focus on early diagnosis and management to provide Emergency Physicians with the ability to positively affect outcomes of this deadly disease.


METHODS
We present the case of a well-appearing 5-month-old girl with congenital asplenia who presented to the Emergency Department with fever, and rapidly progressed to septic shock as a result of OPSI. Aggressive resuscitation was initiated, including empiric antibiotics, and after a prolonged hospital course in the pediatric intensive care unit, the child recovered.


CONCLUSIONS
Rapid identification of patients at risk for OPSI, followed by administration of intravenous antibiotics, usually vancomycin and ceftriaxone, combined with early goal-directed therapy, are the keys to successful treatment. If initiated early in the patient's course, the 70% mortality rate can be reduced to the 10-40% range.
San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas 28240, USA.
Trent L
TL
Morgan
Eric B
EB
Tomich
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000151:congenital; D007223:Infant; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000081207:Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013154:Spleen / Q000002:abnormalities; D013156:Splenectomy
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents