Attraction of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to a volatile pheromone: effects of release rate, host volatile, and trap placement.
Attraction of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, to a volatile pheromone was demonstrated in three field experiments using baited green sticky traps. A dose-response curve was generated for male A. planipennis to increasing release rates of (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide  ((3Z)-lactone) in combination with the green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol. Only the lowest release rate (<2.50 μg/d) of (3Z)-lactone significantly increased captures of male A. planipennis, as compared with traps baited with (3Z)-hexenol alone. Effect of trap  height, (3Z)-lactone, and (3Z)-hexenol and their interactions on the trap capture of A. planipennis was determined in a factorial experiment. Number of males per trap was significantly and positively affected by (3Z)-lactone, (3Z)-hexenol, and trap height whereas  number of females per trap was affected by trap height only; none of the interactions were significant. As predicted, the greatest mean catch of males was in traps baited with (3Z)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol placed high in the canopy. Electroantennogram tests on the bark volatile,  7-epi-sesquithujene, demonstrated the ability of male and female A. planipennis antennae to detect and respond to this compound, particularly the (+)-7-epi-sesquithujene isomer. Results from an olfactometer bioassay and field testing did not demonstrate attraction of either males  or females to (+)-7-epi-sesquithujene. These data increase our understanding of the pheromone ecology of the invasive emerald ash borer, provide further confirmation of the behavioral activity of the female-produced lactone pheromone, and should increase the ability to detect A. planipennis  infestations where they are present.
Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste Marie,ON, Canada. kryall@nrcan.gc.ca
Krista L
KL
Ryall
Peter J
PJ
Silk
Peter
P
Mayo
Damon
D
Crook
Ashot
A
Khrimian
Allard A
AA
Cossé
Jon
J
Sweeney
Taylor
T
Scarr
D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D031661:Fraxinus / Q000737:chemistry; D000441:Hexanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D009864:Ontario; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
C561437:7-epi-sesquithujene; D000441:Hexanols; D007783:Lactones; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C557332:phoebe oil; C051918:3-hexen-1-ol