title: Long-term benefit of implantable cardioverter/defibrillator therapy after elective device replacement: results of the INcidence free SUrvival after ICD REplacement (INSURE) trial--a prospective multicentre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevention of sudden cardiac death by means of the implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) is considered to be a lifelong therapy. However, it is still unresolved if patients who never experienced an appropriate ICD intervention during generator longevity really need to undergo device replacement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The INSURE trial was a multicentre prospective observational cohort study that enrolled patients at the time of their first ICD replacement. Patients with and without previous appropriate ICD therapy were enrolled prospectively and were evaluated every 3-6 months after ICD replacement. Primary endpoint of the study was the first occurrence of appropriate ICD therapy after device replacement. Five hundred and ten patients (83% males, mean age 65 ± 10 years, mean ejection fraction 39 ± 16%) were enrolled between 2002 and 2007 in the study after an average lifespan of their first ICD generator of 62 ± 18 months. Three years after elective ICD replacement, the rates of appropriate ICD therapies in patients with (n = 245) and without (n = 265) former appropriate ICD intervention were 48.1 and 21.4% (adjusted hazard ratio 3.08, CI: 2.15-4.39, P < 0.001). Notably, no predictive factors for lower need of ICD therapy could be identified in patients without prior appropriate ICD intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, a significant number of ICD-indicated patients without the need for therapy by their first device received appropriate ICD intervention after generator replacement. There were no predictors for lower need of ICD therapy. Hence, ICD replacement appears still necessary in patients without prior ICD interventions.
authors: Department of Cardiology,  Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Benekestr. 2-8, Bad Nauheim 61231,  Germany.
authors: Damir
authors: D
authors: Erkapic
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Sperzel
authors: Sascha
authors: S
authors: Stiller
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Meltendorf
authors: Johann
authors: J
authors: Mermi
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Wegscheider
authors: Burkhard
authors: B
authors: Hügl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D019233:Retreatment
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin