title: Bedside assessment of total systemic vascular compliance, stressed volume, and cardiac function curves in intensive care unit patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mean systemic filling pressure (Pmsf) can be measured at the bedside with minimally invasive monitoring in ventilator-dependent patients using inspiratory hold maneuvers (Pmsf(hold)) as the zero flow intercept of cardiac output (CO) to central venous pressure (CVP) relation. We compared Pmsf(hold) with arm vascular equilibrium pressure during vascular occlusion (Pmsf(arm)) and their ability to assess systemic vascular compliance (Csys) and stressed volume by intravascular fluid administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  In mechanically ventilated postoperative cardiac surgery patients, inspiratory holds at varying airway pressures and arm stop-flow maneuvers were performed during normovolemia and after each of 10 sequential 50-mL bolus colloid infusions. We measured CVP, Pmsf(arm), stroke volume, and CO during fluid administration steps to construct CVP to CO (cardiac function) curves and Δvolume/ΔPmsf (compliance) curves. Pmsf(hold) was measured before and after fluid administration. Stressed volume was determined by extrapolating the Pmsf-volume curve to zero pressure intercept.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients were included. Pmsf(hold) and Pmsf(arm) were closely correlated. Csys was linear (64.3 ± 32.7 mL · mm Hg(-1), 0.97 ± 0.49 mL · mm Hg(-1) · kg(-1) predicted body weight). Stressed volume was estimated to be 1265 ± 541 mL (28.5% ± 15% predicted total blood volume). Cardiac function curves of patients with an increase of >12% to 500 mL volume extension (volume responsive) were steep, whereas the cardiac function curves of the remaining patients were flat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Csys, stressed volume, and cardiac function curves can be determined at the bedside and can be used to characterize patients' hemodynamic status.
authors: Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.j.maas@lumc.nl
authors: Jacinta J
authors: JJ
authors: Maas
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Pinsky
authors: Leon P
authors: LP
authors: Aarts
authors: Jos R
authors: JR
authors: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*