title: Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in the United States 2004-2008 reveals the rapid expansion of USA300 among inpatients and outpatients.
abstract: To assess the clonal structure of Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, we performed a molecular epidemiological study of 1,055 S. aureus isolates from a nationally representative clinical isolate collection from 2004-2008. Resistant and susceptible isolates were typed with multilocus sequence typing, tested for the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and serotyped. USA300 (multilocus sequence typing clonal complex 8, PVL positive, and methicillin-resistant) was the most frequently isolated clone, expanding from 12% of all isolates in 2004 to 38% in 2006. The USA300 clone increased significantly in frequency among both outpatients and inpatients. USA300 increased in both skin and soft-tissue and invasive infection isolates. The second most frequently observed clone was clonal complex 5, PVL-negative, and methicillin-resistant, and its frequency was stable from 2004-2008. The methicillin-susceptible S. aureus in the study was polyclonal, and decreased in frequency as it was replaced by USA300.
authors: Department of Computational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: F Patrick
authors: FP
authors: O'Hara
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Amrine-Madsen
authors: Robertino M
authors: RM
authors: Mera
authors: Megan L
authors: ML
authors: Brown
authors: Nicole M
authors: NM
authors: Close
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Suaya
authors: Camilo J
authors: CJ
authors: Acosta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002999:Clone Cells; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007297:Inpatients; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010045:Outpatients; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin