title: The hypoglycemic effects of American red ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on a diabetic mouse model.
abstract: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) root health benefits include treatment of type 2 diabetes and this study evaluated the hypoglycemic effects of American red ginseng (ARG). ARG roots have increased bioactive phenolic contents, such as cinnamic acid and ferulic acid during the steaming process. The antihyperglycemic effects of methanol fraction extract of ARG, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid were examined using a type 2 diabetic mouse model. The ARG treated group presented relatively lower blood glucose levels than the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the glycogen and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents were significantly increased while levels of plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were significantly decreased in the ARG treated group. The groups treated with ferulic and cinnamic acids showed similar effects as those found in the ARG treated group. Thus, it is suggested that ARG roots, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid have hypoglycemic effects in an animal model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was conducted to elucidate the hypoglycemic effects of American red ginseng (ARG) using a type 2 diabetic mouse model. ARG showed an enhanced antioxidant capacity and higher antihyperglycemia effect. The glycogen and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents were significantly increased while levels of plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were significantly decreased in the ARG treated group. It is suggested that ARG has a potential to be used for human diabetic treatment.
authors: Dept of Food and Nutrition, SoongEui Women's College, Seoul 100-751, South Korea. bkmoon@cau.ac.kr
authors: Kyung Mi
authors: KM
authors: Yoo
authors: Cy
authors: C
authors: Lee
authors: Y Martin
authors: YM
authors: Lo
authors: BoKyung
authors: B
authors: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002934:Cinnamates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; C029010:cinnamic acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006003:Glycogen; C004999:ferulic acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase