title: High-grade gliomas in children.
abstract: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are malignant tumors and typically include glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma subtypes. Brainstem gliomas and ependymomas are separate entities with respect to clinical presentation, treatment, prognosis, and outcome in comparison with supratentorial HGGs. In children, these tumors account for 3% to 7% of newly diagnosed brain tumors and 20% of all diagnoses of pediatric supratentorial brain tumors. These neoplasms are highly proliferative and mitotically active and of glial origin. This article reviews clinical, diagnostic, and pathologic features of HGG and current treatments and potential future therapies specific to pediatric patients with HGGs.
authors: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA. cageta@neurosurg.ucsf.edu
authors: Tene A
authors: TA
authors: Cage
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Mueller
authors: Daphne
authors: D
authors: Haas-Kogan
authors: Nalin
authors: N
authors: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human