title: Measuring resilience in adult women using the 10-items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Role of trauma exposure and anxiety disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resilience is the ability of individuals to adapt positively in the face of trauma. Little is known, however, about lifetime factors affecting resilience.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the effects of psychiatric disorder and lifetime trauma history on the resilience self-evaluation using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) in a high-risk-women sample. Two hundred and thirty eight community-dwelling women, including 122 participants in a study of breast cancer survivors and 116 participants without previous history of cancer completed the CD-RISC-10. Lifetime psychiatric symptoms were assessed retrospectively using two standardized psychiatric examinations (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Watson's Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Inventory).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, education, trauma history, cancer, current psychiatric diagnoses, and psychoactive treatment indicated a negative association between current psychiatric disorder and high resilience compared to low resilience level (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.21-0.93]). This was related to anxiety and not mood disorder. A positive and independent association with a trauma history was also observed (OR = 3.18, 95% CI [1.44-7.01]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-evaluation of resilience is influenced by both current anxiety disorder and trauma history. The independent positive association between resilience and trauma exposure may indicate a "vaccination" effect. This finding need to be taken into account in future studies evaluating resilience in general or clinical populations.
authors: Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Scali
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Gandubert
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Ritchie
authors: Maryvonne
authors: M
authors: Soulier
authors: Marie-Laure
authors: ML
authors: Ancelin
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Chaudieu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*