title: Structural characterization and immuno-modulating activities of a polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense.
abstract: A protein-bound polysaccharide (GSP-4) with a molecular weight of 8.3 × 10⁵ Da, was isolated from the water extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense. Chemical study revealed that this fraction was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in the molar ratio of 4.7:27.1:1.0, with the sugar residues of t-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,6-, 1,3,4- and 1,3,6-linked Glcp, t-linked Galp, and 1,6-linked Manp. The immnomodulatory effects of GSP-4 were assessed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and murine monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. We found that GSP-4 could significantly stimulate the production of the immunomodulatory markers tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in PBMCs. This observation was further substantiated in RAW 264.7 cells, as indicated by the increase of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-6 production. GSP-4 also enhanced the expression of inducible NO synthase mRNA in dose-dependent manner. Our current finding gives the first piece of evidence to support that GSP-4 possesses some promising immunomodulating effects and it could be a potential candidate to be further used in related cancer immunotherapy.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
authors: Xiao-Qiang
authors: XQ
authors: Han
authors: Ben Chung Lap
authors: BC
authors: Chan
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: Yin-Hua
authors: YH
authors: Yang
authors: Shui-Qing
authors: SQ
authors: Hu
authors: Chun-Hay
authors: CH
authors: Ko
authors: Cai-Xia
authors: CX
authors: Dong
authors: Chun-Kwok
authors: CK
authors: Wong
authors: Pang-Chui
authors: PC
authors: Shaw
authors: Kwok-Pui
authors: KP
authors: Fung
authors: Ping-Chung
authors: PC
authors: Leung
authors: Wen-Luan
authors: WL
authors: Hsiao
authors: Peng-Fei
authors: PF
authors: Tu
authors: Quan-Bin
authors: QB
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011134:Polysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide