title: Development and description of measurement properties of an instrument to assess treatment burden among patients with multiple chronic conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients experience an increasing treatment burden related to everything they do to take care of their health: visits to the doctor, medical tests, treatment management and lifestyle changes. This treatment burden could affect treatment adherence, quality of life and outcomes. We aimed to develop and validate an instrument for measuring treatment burden for patients with multiple chronic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Items were derived from a literature review and qualitative semistructured interviews with patients. The instrument was then validated in a sample of patients with chronic conditions recruited in hospitals and general practitioner clinics in France. Factor analysis was used to examine the questionnaire structure. Construct validity was studied by the relationships between the instrument's global score, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) scores and the complexity of treatment as assessed by patients and physicians. Agreement between patients and physicians was appraised. Reliability was determined by a test-retest method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sample of 502 patients completed the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ), which consisted of 7 items (2 of which had 4 subitems) defined after 22 interviews with patients. The questionnaire showed a unidimensional structure. The Cronbach's α was 0.89. The instrument's global score was negatively correlated with TSQM scores (rs = -0.41 to -0.53) and positively correlated with the complexity of treatment (rs = 0.16 to 0.40). Agreement between patients and physicians (n = 396) was weak (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.38 (95% confidence interval 0.29 to 0.47)). Reliability of the retest (n = 211 patients) was 0.76 (0.67 to 0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first valid and reliable instrument assessing the treatment burden for patients across any disease or treatment context. This instrument could help in the development of treatment strategies that are both efficient and acceptable for patients.
authors: Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors: Viet-Thi
authors: VT
authors: Tran
authors: Victor M
authors: VM
authors: Montori
authors: David T
authors: DT
authors: Eton
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Baruch
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Falissard
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Ravaud
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D019468:Disease Management; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards