title: Heme and haemoglobin direct macrophage Mhem phenotype and counter foam cell formation in areas of intraplaque haemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have recently shown that haemoglobin drives a novel macrophage subset that is protected from foam cell formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a previously overlooked area, two centres have independently shown that heme and haemoglobin drive an atheroprotective macrophage subset. We compare and contrast the approaches and findings of the laboratories and discuss some of the underlying biology and implications, concentrating on the aspects of lipidological relevance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatments based on direct heme-mimetics or other agonists of this pathway have enormous potential for linked antioxidant protection via heme oxygenase 1 and reduced foam cell formation via liver X receptor, a potent combination for treating atherosclerosis.
authors: Vascular Sciences, NHLI, Imperial College London, UK. joseph.boyle@imperial.ac.uk
authors: Joseph J
authors: JJ
authors: Boyle
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019610:Cytoprotection; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: C531110:ATF1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007378:Interleukins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D006418:Heme; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1