title: Linking proteome responses with physiological and biochemical effects in herbicide-exposed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
abstract: Exposure to a toxicant causes proteome alterations in an organism. In ecotoxicology, analysis of these changes may allow linking them to physiological and biochemical endpoints, providing insights into subcellular exposure effects and responses and, ultimately mechanisms of action. Based on this, useful protein markers of exposure can be identified. We investigated the proteome changes induced by the herbicides paraquat, diuron, and norflurazon in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Shotgun proteome profiling and spectral counting quantification in combination with G-test statistics revealed significant changes in protein abundance. Functional enrichment analysis identified protein groups that responded to the exposures. Significant changes were observed for 149-254 proteins involved in a variety of metabolic pathways. While some proteins and functional protein groups responded to several tested exposure conditions, others were affected only in specific cases. Expected as well as novel candidate markers of herbicide exposure were identified, the latter including the photosystem II subunit PsbR or the VIPP1 protein. We demonstrate that the proteome response to toxicants is generally more sensitive than the physiological and biochemical endpoints, and that it can be linked to effects on these levels. Thus, proteome profiling may serve as a useful tool for ecotoxicological investigations in green algae.
authors: Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
authors: Holger
authors: H
authors: Nestler
authors: Ksenia J
authors: KJ
authors: Groh
authors: René
authors: R
authors: Schönenberger
authors: Rik I L
authors: RI
authors: Eggen
authors: Marc J-F
authors: MJ
authors: Suter
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004237:Diuron / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010269:Paraquat / Q000494:pharmacology; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006540:Herbicides; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D020543:Proteome; D011724:Pyridazines; D004237:Diuron; C008677:norflurazone; D010269:Paraquat