title: Protective role of antithrombin in mouse models of liver injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coagulopathy caused by an imbalance of hemostatic factors is associated with the pathophysiology of liver disease. We have investigated the role of antithrombin (AT), a key anticoagulant serpin, in the onset of liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver injury was induced by CCl(4) injection and bile duct ligation (BDL) in wild type (WT) and AT-deficient (AT(+/-)) mice. Twenty-four hours after CCl(4) treatment, aspartate-transaminase, alanine-transaminase, liver lesion size, leukocyte infiltration, and apoptosis were reduced in WT animals compared to AT(+/-) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of exogenous AT in AT(+/-) animals did not restore the values observed in WT mice, suggesting that intrahepatic AT might also offer protection against CCl(4). In the BDL model, increased liver injury was also evident in AT(+/-) compared to WT mice. An 85 kDa covalent complex involving AT was identified in immunoblottings of liver lysates from CCl(4)-treated animals. This complex was also present in anoikis hepatocytes and H(2)O(2)-treated HepG2 cells, suggesting a role for AT in apoptosis. Expression of recombinant WT-AT by HEK-EBNA cells increased cell survival while expression of AT mutants, ΔR393 and R47C, did not modify viability. Finally, plasma anti-FXa activity was attenuated by liver injury, with AT(+/-) animals showing a greater reduction than WT mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study reveals a protective role of AT against liver injury due to its recognized anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory action. AT may also act via a previously unrecognized antiapoptotic effect. The clinical implications of AT deficiency in patients with liver disease should be further addressed.
authors: Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum University of Murcia, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain.
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: Guerrero
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Teruel
authors: Constantino
authors: C
authors: Martínez
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Arcas
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Martínez-Martínez
authors: María Eugenia
authors: ME
authors: de la Morena-Barrio
authors: Vicente
authors: V
authors: Vicente
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Corral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000502:physiology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride