title: Self-rated appetite as a predictor of mortality in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the level of anorexia and its correlation with mortality in chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients not yet on dialysis (CKD5-ND) and in those with stage 5 chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis (CKD5-D).
  
  
  METHODS
  In an observational study, self-rated appetite (as part of a subjective global assessment of nutritional status), along with anthropometrics and biochemical markers of nutritional status, was analyzed in relation to survival. In a subgroup of patients, appetite change after start of dialysis was studied prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty CKD5-ND (40% female; age 54 ± 12 years; glomerular filtration rate 7 ± 2 mL/minute) and 243 CKD5-D patients (116 hemodialysis and 127 peritoneal dialysis [PD]; 44% female; age 54 ± 12 years; dialysis vintage time 12 ± 2 months) who had been on dialysis for about 1 year were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CKD5-ND patients with poor appetite (50%) had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, lower body weight and serum creatinine level, and higher C-reactive protein. CKD5-D patients with poor appetite (33%) had impaired subjective global assessment of nutritional status and lower body weight, fat body mass, handgrip strength, hemoglobin, and serum albumin level. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis, appetite was not associated with survival difference, whereas in the Cox proportional hazards model with competing risk analysis, poor appetite increased mortality risk in PD patients but not in hemodialysis and CKD5-ND patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CKD5-ND patients, self-rated appetite was not an independent predictor of 48-months survival, whereas there was a significant increase in mortality risk in PD patients with poor appetite.
authors: Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. thiane.gama-axelsson@ki.se
authors: Thiane
authors: T
authors: Gama-Axelsson
authors: Bengt
authors: B
authors: Lindholm
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Bárány
authors: Olof
authors: O
authors: Heimbürger
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Stenvinkel
authors: Abdul Rashid
authors: AR
authors: Qureshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000855:Anorexia / Q000150:complications*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001066:Appetite; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D018737:Hand Strength; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine