title: Volume-outcome relationship in pancreatic surgery: the situation in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Discussion of the volume-outcome relationship in pancreatic surgery has gained increasing interest. Currently, no data describe the situation in Germany. Pursuant to a recent legislative reform, a threshold of 10 operations per year was introduced for pancreatic surgery in 2006. This study describes the situation in Germany and the effect of the legislative reform between 2006 and 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2007 and 2010, anonymous questionnaires were sent to leading surgeons in the German Society of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery asking for the numbers of pancreatic operations, methods of operation, and mortality for the years 2006, 2008, and 2009. Volume categories were defined by dividing hospitals into quartiles according to their annual volume of operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The return rate was about 48%. In the years 2006, 2008, and 2009, overall mortality in all hospitals was 2.85%, 3.98%, and 2.58%. High volume was defined as ≥ 32 pancreatic operations (2006) and ≥ 34 pancreatic operations (2008, 2009). Although mortality decreased with increasing volume, mortality between each volume category was not statistically different in any year. In the years 2006, 2008, and 2009, the number of operations increased in university hospitals (38.4%, 51.2%, and 50.4%, P < .001) and decreased in teaching hospitals (51.8%, 41.3%, and 41.2%, P < .001). The number of hospitals that did not perform pancreatic operations increased from 15.6% to 32.5% and 31% (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pancreatic surgery, a centralization effect occurred after a legislative reform in Germany. Overall mortality after pancreatic resection in German hospitals is good. Although mortality decreases with greater volume, there were no differences compared to other volume categories. Also, low-volume hospitals can produce good results; however, the difference in quality is considerable among these institutions. Our data suggest that the German threshold agreement in pancreatic surgery might have a positive effect with regard to reproducible quality and outcome.
authors: Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. guido.alsfasser@med.uni-rostock.de
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Alsfasser
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Kittner
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Eisold
authors: Ernst
authors: E
authors: Klar
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D005858:Germany; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010179:Pancreas / Q000601:surgery*; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000401:mortality; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data