title: Unanticipated troubles in video-assisted thoracic surgery: a proposal for the classification of troubleshooting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most thoracic surgeons encounter atypical cases or unexpected situations that usually lead them to convert minimally invasive surgery to open thoracotomy. But are there other options besides open surgery? The purpose of this study was to suggest a video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) classification system and present tips for the application of VATS to atypical cases or unexpected situations. We have categorized VATS procedures for atypical cases or unexpected situations into two groups: the modification of techniques/instruments and the creation of additional access incisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed VATS with optional additional techniques. We used direct visualization or monitoring as the situation demanded, switching back and forth between the monitor and direct vision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 33 cases we reviewed, 27 patients had malignant lung disease and 6 had benign lung disease. All patients underwent lobectomies including one or more of the following: bronchoplasty (n = 12), control of the main pulmonary artery (n = 9), total adhesiotomy (n = 7), combined resection with the diaphragm (n = 3), and separation of totally fused fissures (n = 2). The mean length of the skin incision was 8 cm, the mean total operating time was 208 min, and the mean blood loss was 173 mL No operative or hospital deaths occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Veteran surgeons can instinctively deal with intraoperative variance, but we frequently see inexperienced surgeons panic and change the course of their procedures. A VATS classification system may have educational benefits for newer surgeons. We believe that the creation of a categorized coping plan will help inexperienced surgeons deal with unanticipated problems.
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Japan. micha2005jp@yahoo.co.jp
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kamiyoshihara
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nagashima
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Igai
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ohtaki
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Atsumi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Shimizu
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Takeyoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061887:Conversion to Open Surgery; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000145:classification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome