title: Birth-weight, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR in newborns at term.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated that low and high birth-weight at birth are risk factors of developing diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine if the abnormal birth-weight is related with hyperinsulinemia and elevated index of the Homeostasis Model assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) at birth, in at term newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborns with gestational age between 38 and 41 weeks, products of normal pregnancies of healthy mothers aged 18 to 39 years, were eligible to participate. Small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) newborns were compared with appropriate-for-gestational (AGA) age newborns. Incomplete or unclear data about mother's health status, diabetes, gestational diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and other conditions that affect glucose metabolism were exclusion criteria. Hyperinsulinemia was defined by serum insulin levels ≥13.0 μU/mL and IR by HOMA-IR ≥2.60. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) that computes the association between birth-weight (independent variable) with hyperinsulinemia and HOMA-IR index (dependent variables).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 107 newborns were enrolled; 13, 22, and 72 with SGA, LGA, and AGA, respectively. Hyperinsulinemia was identified in 2 (15.4%), 6 (27.3%), and 5 (6.9%) with SGA, LGA, and AGA (p=0.03), whereas IR in 3 (23.1%), 8 (36.4%), and 10 (13.9%) newborns with SGA, LGA and AGA (p=0.06). The LGA showed a strong association with hyperinsulinemia (OR 5.02; CI 95%, 1.15-22.3; p=0.01) and HOMA-IR (OR 3.54; CI 95%, 1.03-12.16; p=0.02); although without statistical significance, the SGA showed a tendency of association with hyperinsulinemia (OR 2.43; CI 95%, 0.43-17.3 p=0.29) and HOMA-IR (OR 1.86; CI 95%, 0.33-9.37; p=0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that LGA is associated with hyperinsulinemia and elevated HOMA-IR at birth whereas the SGA show a tendency of association.
authors: Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Col. Los Angeles, Durango, Mexico.
authors: Luis E
authors: LE
authors: Simental-Mendía
authors: Argelia
authors: A
authors: Castañeda-Chacón
authors: Martha
authors: M
authors: Rodríguez-Morán
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Guerrero-Romero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008954:Models, Biological; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin