title: Oxidation of cod liver oil during gastrointestinal in vitro digestion.
abstract: Oxidation of cod liver oil rich in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) was investigated during a gastrointestinal (GI) in vitro digestion. The digestion stimulated TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) formation in both the gastric and intestinal steps, whereas levels of lipid hydroperoxides remained nearly constant. The presence of digestive compounds was decisive for the TBARS development because TBARS did not change when the cod liver oil was subjected only to the temperature and pH gradient of the GI model. Preformed oxidation products in the cod liver oil resulted in further elevated TBARS levels during the digestion. Addition of hemoglobin (11.5 μM) to emulsified cod liver oil dramatically increased TBARS and lipid hydroperoxide levels during GI digestion, whereas 1 mg α-tocopherol/g oil did not show any protection against oxidation. Specific concern thus needs to be taken in the design of foods containing LC n-3 PUFA to preserve these lipids and avoid harmful oxidation, both before and after consumption.
authors: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering-Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology , SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Larsson
authors: Lillie
authors: L
authors: Cavonius
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Alminger
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Undeland
mesh_terms: D003060:Cod Liver Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014131:Trace Elements; D003060:Cod Liver Oil; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol