title: Feasibility of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients with high prostate-specific antigen: feasibility and 1-year outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urologists are cautious to offer minimally invasive radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients with high prostate-specific antigen (and therefore anticipated to have locally advanced or metastatic disease) because of concerns regarding lack of complete cure after minimally invasive radical prostatectomy and of worsening of continence if adjuvant radiotherapy is used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of our institutional database was carried out to identify patients with PSA ≥20 ng/mL who underwent minimally invasive radical prostatectomy between January 2002 and October 2010. Intraoperative, pathological, functional and short-term oncological outcomes were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 233 patients met study criteria and were included in the analysis. The median prostate-specific antigen and prostate size were 28.5 ng/mL and 47 mL, respectively. Intraoperative complications were the following: rectal injury (0.86%) and blood transfusion (1.7%). Early postoperative complications included prolonged (>6 days) catheterization (9.4%), hematoma (4.7%), deep venous thrombosis (0.86%) and lymphocele (5.1%). Late postoperative complications included cerebrovascular accident (0.4%) and anastomotic stricture (0.8%). Pathology revealed poorly differentiated cancer in 48.9%, pT3/pT4 disease in 55.8%, positive margins in 28.3% and lymph node disease in 20.2% of the cases. Adverse pathological findings were more frequent in patients with prostate-specific antigen >40 ng/mL and (or) in those with locally advanced disease (pT3/pT4). In 62.2% of the cases, adjuvant radiotherapy was used. At 1-year follow up, 80% of patients did not show evidence of biochemical recurrence and 98.8% of them had good recovery of continence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive radical prostatectomy might represent a reasonable option in prostate cancer patients with high prostate-specific antigen as a part of a multimodality treatment approach.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Minh
authors: M
authors: Do
authors: Narasimhan
authors: N
authors: Ragavan
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Dietel
authors: Evangelos
authors: E
authors: Liatsikos
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Anderson
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: McNeill
authors: Jens-Uwe
authors: JU
authors: Stolzenburg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen