title: Effect of safflor yellow injection on inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammatory injury in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of Safflor Yellow (SY) Injection on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two mice were divided into six groups: control (saline + saline); LPS (LPS + saline); SY Injection [LPS + SY (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg, intravenously)] and anisodamine (AD) (LPS + AD). Thirty minutes after SY or AD administration, 15 mg/kg LPS was given intraperitoneally. All animals were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection. Arterial blood gas and lung water content index (LWCI) were measured. Lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assayed. mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Lung morphological and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65-positive cell changes were observed by HE and immunohistochemical staining. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was observed by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After LPS administration, all animals displayed increased arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SO2), HCO3 (-) concentration and pH, and increased LWCI, MPO activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression, NF-κB p65-positive staining and p38 MAPK activation compared with normal controls (all P<0.01). SY Injection significantly mitigated the LPS-induced increase in arterial PaCO and the decreases in arterial PaO2, SO2 and pH, and attenuated increases in LWCI and lung tissue MPO activity (all P<0.01). Moreover, SY Injection inhibited the increases in NF-κB p65 staining and in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression (all P<0.01), and promoted the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P<0.05) following LPS injection. LPS-induced pulmonary p38 MAPK phosphorylation was suppressed by pretreatment with SY Injection (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SY Injection ameliorates inflammatory ALI induced by LPS in mice.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China, ylyjsjinming@yahoo.com.cn.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Jin
authors: Chun-yan
authors: CY
authors: Sun
authors: Chong-qiang
authors: CQ
authors: Pei
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Pei-cheng
authors: PC
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002599:Chalcone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007267:Injections; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014867:Water; C076422:safflower yellow; D002599:Chalcone; D009195:Peroxidase; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases