title: Nasal gel and olfactory cleft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether a nasal gel, administrated using a radial-hole inhaler, reaches the olfactory cleft and if a different administration method influences distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy volunteers underwent a nasal endoscopy at 1 and 7minutes after the administration of a intranasal gel, with a different method in each fossa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No dye deposition was identified at the olfactory cleft, middle turbinate or middle meatus. In all cases the gel was identified at the nasal vestibule. On the right side, the second most frequent dye identification area was the inferior turbinate, with a rate of 87% at the first minute and 75% at 7 minutes. It was followed by the septum (75 and 62%) and the inferior meatus (6.2 and 12.5%). On the left side, the second most frequent stained area was the septum (18.7 and 13.5%), followed by the inferior meatus (6.5 and 65%). No inferior turbinate staining was found in the left side. There was a significant difference in the deposition rate at the septum (P<.01) and inferior turbinate (P<.001), when both administration methods were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No nasal gel, administrated using a radial-hole inhaler, was found at the olfactory cleft, middle turbinate or middle meatus. Gel distribution was located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nose, independent of the administration method used. Significantly different gel distribution rates were found at the septum and inferior turbinate when the 2 administration methods were compared.
authors: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, España. jesus.herranz.gonzalez.botas@sergas.es
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Herranz González-Botas
authors: Anselmo
authors: A
authors: Padín Seara
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005782:Gels / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D012646:Self Administration; D014420:Turbinates / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005782:Gels; D015032:Zinc; D008751:Methylene Blue