title: Coeliac disease in endocrine diseases of autoimmune origin.
abstract: Abstract  Coeliac disease (CD, sometimes called gluten-sensitive enteropathy or nontropical sprue) is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine  of autoimmune origin. It occurs in genetically predisposed people and is induced by a gluten protein, which is a component of wheat.  The prevalence of histologically confirmed CD is estimated in screening studies of adults in the United States and Europe to be between  0.2% and 1.0%. The results of previous studies have indicated that the prevalence of CD is increased in patients with other autoimmune  disorders such as: autoimmune thyroid diseases, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and Addison's disease. A coincidence of the above diseases  constitutes autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS). The high prevalence of CD in APS is probably due to the common genetic  predisposition to the coexistent autoimmune diseases. The majority of adult patients have the atypical or silent type of the disease. This  is the main reason why CD so often goes undiagnosed or the diagnosis is delayed. CD, if undiagnosed and untreated, is associated with  many medical disorders including haematological (anaemia), metabolical (osteopenia/osteoporosis), obstetric-gynaecological (infertility,  spontaneous abortions, late puberty, early menopause), neurological (migraine, ataxia, epilepsy) as well as with an increased risk of  malignancy, especially: enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, small intestine adenocarcinoma, and oesophageal and oropharyngeal  carcinomas. Early introduction of a gluten-free diet and lifelong adherence to this treatment decreases the risk of these complications.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. p.miskiewicz@wp.pl
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Miśkiewicz
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Kępczyńska-Nyk
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Bednarczuk
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free / Q000523:psychology*; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens