title: Is calprotectin a marker of tobacco smoke related inflammation?: a pilot study in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) related inflammation has an anorexigenic effect through affecting the release of appetite-modulating mediators, leptin and ghrelin. Elevated serum calprotectin levels are found in a variety of inflammatory conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the relation between ETS and body mass index (BMI), as well as serum levels of leptin, ghrelin and calprotectin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed by searching the smoking status of parents. After filling in the questionnaires, parents were phoned and children were invited to supply fasting blood samples in order to measure serum levels of leptin, ghrelin and calprotectin, and to calculate their BMIs. Participant children were divided into Group 1 (n = 51), those who are not exposed to and Group 2 (n = 46), exposed to indoor ETS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistical difference in BMI, leptin and ghrelin levels between Group 1 and Group 2 (p values are 0.85, 0.87 and 0.42, respectively), but serum calprotectin levels were statistically higher in Group 2 (p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study serum levels of calprotectin were found to be higher in children with indoor ETS exposure where no relation was detected with BMI and serum levels of leptin and ghrelin. Increased serum levels of calprotectin might be an indicator of inflammation related to ETS exposure.
authors: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia, North Cyprus. drncobanoglu@yahoo.com
authors: Nazan
authors: N
authors: Cobanoglu
authors: Ceyhun
authors: C
authors: Dalkan
authors: Nilufer
authors: N
authors: Galip
authors: Hakan
authors: H
authors: Tekguc
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Uncu
authors: Nerin N
authors: NN
authors: Bahceciler
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution