title: Development of an instrument to measure parents' preferences and goals for the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and validation of an instrument to measure parents' attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment preferences and goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of children 6 to 12 years of age diagnosed with ADHD in the past 18 months were recruited from 8 primary care sites and an ADHD treatment center (autism excluded). A 16-item medication, 15-item behavior therapy preference scale and a 23-item goal scale, were developed after a review of the literature, 90 parent and clinician semistructured interviews, and input from parent advocates and professional experts were administered to parents. Parent cognitive interviews confirmed item readability, clarity, content, and response range. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis and assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability and construct and concurrent validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recruited 237 parents (mean child age 8.1 years, 51% black, 59% from primary care, 61% of children medication naive). Factor analyses identified 4 medication preference subscales (treatment acceptability, feasibility, stigma, and adverse effects, Cronbach's α 0.74-0.87); 3 behavior therapy subscales (treatment acceptability, feasibility, and adverse effects, α 0.76-0.83); and 3 goal subscales (academic achievement, behavioral compliance, and interpersonal relationships, α 0.83-0.86). The most strongly endorsed goal was academic achievement. The scales demonstrated construct validity, concurrent validity (r = 0.3-0.6) compared with the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire and Impairment Rating Scale and moderate to excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient = 0.7-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a valid and reliable instrument for measuring preferences and goals for ADHD treatment, which may help clinicians more easily comply with new national treatment guidelines for ADHD that emphasize shared decision making.
authors: Pediatric Research Consortium, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. fiks@email.chop.edu
authors: Alexander G
authors: AG
authors: Fiks
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Mayne
authors: Cayce C
authors: CC
authors: Hughes
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Debartolo
authors: Carina
authors: C
authors: Behrens
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Guevara
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Power
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010358:Patient Participation; D057240:Patient Preference; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires