title: Outbreak of pandemic 2009 influenza A/H1N1 infection in the hematology ward: fatal clinical outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and emergence of the H275Y neuraminidase mutation.
abstract: We report an outbreak of pandemic 2009 influenza A/H1N1 virus (2009 H1N1) infection that occurred in the hematology ward of our institution during the 2010-2011 influenza season. A total of seven hospitalized patients with hematologic tumors, including five recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), successively developed rapid influenza detection test (RIDT)-positive influenza A; four patients had laboratory-confirmed 2009 H1N1 infection. Three HSCT recipients required mechanical ventilation support and two were admitted to the intensive care unit; they died of progressive respiratory failure despite receiving available anti-viral drugs. We implemented outbreak-control measures including transferal of RIDT-positive patients to a single-patient room and chemoprophylaxis with oseltamivir. We note that the H275Y neuraminidase mutation was detected in respiratory specimens from three patients, who were administered therapeutic or prophylactic dosages of oseltamivir. The present report demonstrates that the nosocomial 2009 H1N1 outbreak in the hematology ward led to fatal clinical outcomes and the emergence of a resistant virus at a markedly high rate.
authors: Department of Hematology, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-8552, Japan. Iioka@tenriyorozu.jp
authors: Futoshi
authors: F
authors: Iioka
authors: Ryuichi
authors: R
authors: Sada
authors: Yoshitomo
authors: Y
authors: Maesako
authors: Fumihiko
authors: F
authors: Nakamura
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase