title: Acute encephalitis as initial presentation of primary HIV infection.
abstract: Acute encephalitis is a life-threatening condition. A wide variety of infectious agents are implicated and in many patients no cause is found. HIV acute seroconversion illness can rarely present as acute encephalitis. Although most experts agree in starting antiretroviral treatment in severe acute HIV infection, the evidence of the benefits are still lacking. The authors report a case of severe acute encephalitis as a primary presentation of HIV infection in which introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment resulted in clinical recovery. This case highlights the need to consider HIV infection in the differential diagnosis of treatable viral encephalitis.
authors: Neurology Department, Faro Hospital, Faro, Portugal. hipnzwalo@yahoo.com.br
authors: Hipólito
authors: H
authors: Nzwalo
authors: Rosário Pazos
authors: RP
authors: Añón
authors: Maria João
authors: MJ
authors: Àguas
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D000208:Acute Disease; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000209:etiology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents