title: Project enhance: a randomized controlled trial of an individualized HIV prevention intervention for HIV-infected men who have sex with men conducted in a primary care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the largest group of individuals in the U.S. living with HIV and have the greatest number of new infections. This study was designed to test a brief, culturally relevant prevention intervention for HIV-infected MSM, which could be integrated into HIV care.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected MSM who received HIV care in a community health center (N = 201), and who reported HIV sexual transmission-risk behavior (TRB) in the prior 6 months, were randomized to receive the intervention or treatment as usual. The intervention, provided by a medical social worker, included proactive case management for psychosocial problems, counseling about living with HIV, and HIV TRB risk reduction. Participants were followed every 3 months for one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants, regardless of study condition, reported reductions in HIV TRB, with no significant differential effect by condition in primary intent-to-treat analyses. When examining moderators, the intervention was differentially effective in reducing HIV TRB for those who screened in for baseline depression, but this was not the case for those who did not screen in for depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The similar level of reduction in HIV TRB in the intervention and control groups, consistent with other recent secondary prevention interventions, speaks to the need for new, creative designs, or more potent interventions in secondary HIV prevention trials, as the control group seemed to benefit from risk assessment, study contact, and referrals provided by study staff. The differential finding for those with depression may suggest that those without depression could reap benefits from limited interventions, but those with a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis may require additional interventions to modify their sexual risk behaviors.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ssafren@partners.org
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Safren
authors: Conall M
authors: CM
authors: O'Cleirigh
authors: Margie
authors: M
authors: Skeer
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Elsesser
authors: Kenneth H
authors: KH
authors: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling; D003863:Depression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome