title: Research on nursing handoffs for medical and surgical settings: an integrative review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To synthesize outcomes from research on handoffs to guide future computerization of the process on medical and surgical units.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Handoffs can create important information gaps, omissions and errors in patient care. Authors call for the computerization of handoffs; however, a synthesis of the literature is not yet available that might guide computerization.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Scopus and a handoff database from Cohen and Hilligoss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Integrative literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  This integrative review included studies from 1980-March 2011 in peer-reviewed journals. Exclusions were studies outside medical and surgical units, handoff education and nurses' perceptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategy yielded a total of 247 references; 81 were retrieved, read and rated for relevance and research quality. A set of 30 articles met relevance criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies about handoff functions and rituals are saturated topics. Verbal handoffs serve important functions beyond information transfer and should be retained. Greater consideration is needed on analysing handoffs from a patient-centred perspective. Handoff methods should be highly tailored to nurses and their contextual needs. The current preference for bedside handoffs is not supported by available evidence. The specific handoff structure for all units may be less important than having a structure for contextually based handoffs. Research on pertinent information content for contextually based handoffs is an urgent need. Without it, handoff computerization is not likely to be successful. Researchers need to use more sophisticated experimental research designs, control for individual and unit differences and improve sampling frames.
authors: School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. staggers@son.umaryland.edu
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Staggers
authors: Jacquelyn W
authors: JW
authors: Blaz
mesh_terms: D015510:Clinical Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records / Q000592:standards; D009718:Nurse Administrators; D062209:Patient Handoff / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D011364:Professional Practice; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000451:nursing; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted