title: The endocrine disruptor 4-nonylphenol promotes adipocyte differentiation and induces obesity in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The environmental obesogen hypothesis proposes that exposure to endocrine disruptors during developmental "window" contributes to adipogenesis and the development of obesity. Implication of environmental endocrine disruptor such as 4Nonylphenol (4-NP) on adipose tissue development has been poorly investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with different doses of 4-NP. Six-week-old C57BL/6J male mice received an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle, troglitazone or 4-NP (0.5 mg/kg). Gene expression of adipogenic regulators was analyzed. Pregnant mice were dosed by gavage with vehicle or 4-NP (0.05, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg) from day 12 of gestation until day 7 of lactation. The body weight, liver weight, fat mass, and serum lipids and glucose levels were measured in offspring at postnatal day 60.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low concentration of 4-NP induced adipocyte differentiation, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-acivated receptor γ as well as its target genes required for adipogenesis. 4-NP perturbed key regulators of adipogenesis and lipogenic pathway in vivo. Perinatal exposure to 4-NP increased body weight, fat mass, and serum total cholesterol and glucose levels in offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  4-NP may be expected to increase the incidence of obesity and can act as a potential chemical stressor for obesity and obesity-related disorders.
authors: Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.
authors: Chan-juan
authors: CJ
authors: Hao
authors: Xue-jia
authors: XJ
authors: Cheng
authors: Hong-fei
authors: HF
authors: Xia
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015994:Incidence; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010636:Phenols; D002784:Cholesterol; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; C041594:4-nonylphenol