title: Prevention of pain on injection of rocuronium: a comparison of lidocaine with different doses of parecoxib.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of pretreatment with parecoxib and lidocaine to prevent rocuronium injection pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  160 adult ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients scheduled for elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated to 4 groups of 40 patients each to receive pretreatment with normal saline (Group C), parecoxib 20 mg (Group P(20)), parecoxib 40 mg (Group P(40)), or lidocaine 40 mg (Group L). All groups underwent venous occlusion for two minutes before rocuronium was injected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain scores were obtained by a study-blinded observer immediately after the pretreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of rocuronium injection pain in the saline group (80%) was significantly higher than in Group P(20) (55%), Group P(40) (20%), and Group L (25%) (P < 0.05). The frequency and intensity of rocuronium-induced pain were statistically similar between Group P(40) and Group L. In the parecoxib 40 mg and lidocaine 40 mg groups, the frequency of pain was significantly less than in the parecoxib 20 mg group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with parecoxib and lidocaine was effective in reducing the frequency and severity of pain with rocuronium injection whereas pretreatment with parecoxib 40 mg and lidocaine 40 mg were the most effective treatments.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China 610041.
authors: Yonghong
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Xiang
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077123:Rocuronium; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; C409945:parecoxib; D000077123:Rocuronium