title: Effects of flaxseed oil on anti-oxidative system and membrane deformation of human peripheral blood erythrocytes in high glucose level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The erythrocyte membrane lesion is a serious diabetic complication. A number of studies suggested that n-3 fatty acid could reduce lipid peroxidation and elevate α- or γ-tocopherol contents in membrane of erythrocytes. However, evidence regarding the protective effects of flaxseed oil, a natural product rich in n-3 fatty acid, on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative capacity and membrane deformation of erythrocytes exposed to high glucose is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human peripheral blood erythrocytes were isolated and treated with 50 mM glucose to mimic hyperglycemia in the absence or presence of three different doses of flaxseed oil (50, 100 or 200 μM) in the culture medium for 24 h. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and L-glutathione (GSH) were measured by HPLC and LC/MS respectively. The phospholipids symmetry and membrane fatty acid composition of human erythrocytes were detected by flow cytometry and gas chromatograph (GC). The morphology of human erythrocyte was illuminated by ultra scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flaxseed oil attenuated hyperglycemia-induced increase of MDA and decrease of GSH in human erythrocytes. Human erythrocytes treated with flaxseed oil contained higher C22:5 and C22:6 than those in the 50 mM glucose control group, indicating that flaxseed oil could reduce lipid asymmetric distribution and membrane perturbation. The ultra scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometer have also indicated that flaxseed oil could protect the membrane of human erythrocytes from deformation at high glucose level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flaxseed oil supplementation may prevent lipid peroxidation and membrane dysfunction of human erythrocytes in hyperglycemia.
authors: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Yang
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Fu
authors: Miao
authors: M
authors: Yu
authors: Qingde
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Di
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Jiqu
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Qianchun
authors: Q
authors: Deng
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Yao
authors: Fenghong
authors: F
authors: Huang
authors: Liegang
authors: L
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008043:Linseed Oil; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose