title: Immunization against GnRH in the male camel (Camelus dromedarius): effects on sexual behavior, testicular volume, semen characteristics and serum testosterone concentrations.
abstract: The effect of immunization against gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) on sexual behavior, total scrotal size, semen characteristics and serum concentrations of testosterone, was evaluated for 24 wks in sexually mature camels (Camelus dromedarius). Eight bull camels were randomly divided into a treatment and control group. Four male camels were immunized using 2 mg GnRH - tandem-dimer conjugated to ovalbumin, (Pepscan Systems, the Netherlands) administered subcutaneously, 4 wks apart. Control male camels received the same amount of saline solution. Significant decline in serum testosterone level was observed in three immunized camels out of four, whereas one camel showed no effect. The testosterone levels reached to <1.0 ng/mL serum by week 4 after booster injection and remained suppressed through the course of the study. The total testicular volume was not affected until the end of the experiment. In treated animals, the sexual behavior negatively affected after the booster injection. Anti-GnRH vaccine had a seriously detrimental effect on the acrosin amidase activity and normal acrosome percentages in treated male camels. It is concluded that the vaccine was effective in reducing serum testosterone levels and libido, and it had a serious harmful effect on the acrosin amidase activity and percentages of spermatozoa with normal acrosome. The immunogen did not affect the total testicular volume.
authors: Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: I M
authors: IM
authors: Ghoneim
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Waheed
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Al-Eknah
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: El-Bahr
mesh_terms: D000176:Acrosin; D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D013737:Testis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D022642:Vaccines, Contraceptive / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D022642:Vaccines, Contraceptive; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D000176:Acrosin