title: Neuroprotective effect of α-mangostin and curcumin against iodoacetate-induced cell death.
abstract: Curcumin is a phenolic yellow curry pigment with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and α-mangostin is a xanthone isolated from mangosteen fruit with antioxidant properties. Iodoacetate (IAA) is an inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase  that induces a model of metabolic inhibition in neurons where reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a significant mechanism. Furthermore, it has been shown that the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects against IAA-induced neuronal death.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study  the effects of α-mangostin and curcumin against the IAA-induced cell death and on HO-1 expression in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  CGNs were treated with curcumin or α-mangostin before the addition of IAA. Cell viability and  ROS production were measured 24 and 4 hours after IAA addition, respectively. HO-1 expression was measured by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both α-mangostin and curcumin pretreatment ameliorated the neuronal death induced by IAA in a concentration-dependent way, which was  associated with an amelioration of IAA-induced ROS formation. In addition, it was found that α-mangostin and curcumin induced HO-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with α-mangostin and curcumin provided a neuroprotective effect against IAA in primary cultures  of CGNs, an effect associated with an amelioration of the IAA-induced ROS production. HO-1 induced by these antioxidants may also be involved in the neuroprotective effect. Future work will be required to determine whether α-mangostin may cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve  enough bioavailability to elicit a protective response in the brain being an effective nutraceutical compound for preventive therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
authors: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, México.
authors: Laura María
authors: LM
authors: Reyes-Fermín
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: González-Reyes
authors: Nadia Gabriela
authors: NG
authors: Tarco-Álvarez
authors: Marisol
authors: M
authors: Hernández-Nava
authors: Marisol
authors: M
authors: Orozco-Ibarra
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Pedraza-Chaverri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D044004:Xanthones; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D003474:Curcumin; C021053:mangostin; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid