title: Nocturnal polysomnographic sleep across the menstrual cycle in premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) experience disturbed mood, altered melatonin circadian rhythms, and frequent reports of insomnia during the luteal phase (LP) of their menstrual cycle. In this study we aimed to investigate nocturnal polysomnographic (PSG) sleep across the menstrual cycle in PMDD women and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven PMDD women who indicated insomnia during LP, and five controls, spent every third night throughout a complete menstrual cycle sleeping in the laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PMDD and controls progesterone and core body temperature (BT(core)) were elevated during LP compared to the follicular phase (FP). Stage 2 sleep showed a significant main effect of menstrual phase and was significantly increased during mid-LP compared to early-FP in both groups. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for both groups was decreased during early-LP compared to early-FP. Slow wave sleep (SWS) was significantly increased, and melatonin significantly decreased, in PMDD women compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMDD women who experience insomnia during LP had decreased melatonin secretion and increased SWS compared to controls. The sleep and melatonin findings in PMDD women may be functionally linked. Results also suggest an altered homeostatic regulation of the sleep-wake cycle in PMDD, perhaps implicating melatonin in the homeostatic process of sleep-wake regulation.
authors: Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Ari
authors: A
authors: Shechter
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Lespérance
authors: N M K
authors: NM
authors: Ng Ying Kin
authors: Diane B
authors: DB
authors: Boivin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D017286:Polysomnography; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000652:urine; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C054513:6-sulfatoxymelatonin; D011374:Progesterone; D008550:Melatonin