title: Use of solid phase microextraction to estimate toxicity: relating fiber concentrations to toxicity--part I.
abstract: Use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers as a dose metric for toxicity testing was evaluated for hydrophobic pesticides to the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Test compounds included p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), permethrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, and chlorpyrifos. Acute water toxicity tests were determined for 4- and 10-d exposures in both species. Median lethal and sublethal concentrations were expressed both on a water concentration (LC50 and EC50) and on an equilibrium SPME fiber concentration (LC50(fiber) and EC50(fiber)) basis. A significant log dose-response relationship was found between log fiber concentration and organism mortality. It has been shown in the literature that equilibrium SPME fiber concentrations reflect the bioavailable concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants, so these fiber concentrations should be a useful metric for assessing toxic effects from the bioavailable contaminant providing a framework to expand the use of SPME fibers beyond estimation of bioaccumulation.
authors: Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
authors: Yuping
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Peter F
authors: PF
authors: Landrum
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: You
authors: Amanda D
authors: AD
authors: Harwood
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Lydy
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003634:DDT / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D026023:Permethrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003521:Cyclopropanes; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C489827:2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (Z)-(1RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D026023:Permethrin; C099952:bifenthrin; D003634:DDT; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane