title: Changes in levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in patients with various nephropathies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specific changes and imbalanced concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) may reflect the pathophysiology of various nephropathies (GN). We compared MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels in patients with GN, with those found in healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 45 controls and 128 patients with GN, defined by kidney biopsy: IgA nephropathy (IgAN, n=33), membranous glomerulonephritis (MN, n=23), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS, n=7), focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS, n=11), lupus nephritis (LN, n=22) and ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AAV, n=32). MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PAPP-A levels were determined with time-resolved amplified cryptate emission, and routine biochemical parameters were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, IgAN patients exhibited a significant decrease in levels of MMP-2 contrasted with increased MMP-9 and unchanged PAPP-A levels. LN patients exhibited a parallel decrease in MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels. In the MCNS/FSGS and AAV patients, MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels were unchanged. In MN patients, increased MMP-9 levels contrasted with unchanged MMP-2 and PAPP-A levels (all p<0.05). Both MMP-2 (r=-0.34, p<0.0001) and PAPP-A levels (r=-0.31, p<0.0001) were inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate in all GN groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A significantly differed between various nephropathies. These findings suggest that MMPs and PAPP-A are involved in different underlying mechanisms in the regulation of glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and scarring in these renal diseases.
authors: Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Oskar
authors: O
authors: Zakiyanov
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Kalousová
authors: Markéta
authors: M
authors: Kratochvilová
authors: Vítezslav
authors: V
authors: Kríha
authors: Tomáš
authors: T
authors: Zima
authors: Vladimír
authors: V
authors: Tesar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9