title: Impact of parallel micro-engineered stent grooves on endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and function: an in vivo correlation study of the healing response in the coronary swine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stent luminal surface characteristics influence surface endothelialization. We hypothesize that luminal stent microgrooves created in the direction of coronary flow accelerate endothelial cell migration, resulting in lower levels of neointimal formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surface coverage efficiency was evaluated in vitro by allowing human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to migrate onto microgrooved (G) or smooth (NG) surfaces. HAEC functionality was assessed by proliferation rate, apoptosis rate, nitric oxide production, and inflammatory markers TNF-α and VCAM-1 expression. Early endothelialization and restenosis studies were performed using the porcine coronary injury model. Stainless steel stents of identical design with (GS) and without (NGS) luminal microgrooves were used. The commercially available Multi-Link Vision (MLVS) stent of identical design was used as a control. The degree of GS and NGS surface endothelialization was compared at 3 days. Biocompatibility and tissue response outcomes were evaluated at 28 days. The in vitro study demonstrated that at 7 days the presence of surface microgrooves increased HAEC migration distance >2-fold. Cell proliferation rate and nitric oxide production were increased and apoptosis rate was decreased. There was no difference in inflammatory marker expression. At 3 days, coronary artery stent endothelialization was significantly increased in GS compared with NGS (81.3% versus 67.5%, P=0.0002). At 28 days, GS exhibited lower neointimal thickness compared with either NGS (21.1%, P=0.011) or MLVS (40.8%, P=0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parallel microgrooves on coronary stent luminal surfaces promote endothelial cell migration and positively influence endothelial cell function, resulting in decreased neointimal formation in the porcine coronary injury model.
authors: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. sprague@uthscsa.edu
authors: Eugene A
authors: EA
authors: Sprague
authors: Fermin
authors: F
authors: Tio
authors: S Hinan
authors: SH
authors: Ahmed
authors: Juan F
authors: JF
authors: Granada
authors: Steven R
authors: SR
authors: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology* / Q000293:injuries*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D058426:Neointima / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011474:Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods*; D013193:Stainless Steel; D015607:Stents; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel