title: Longitudinal study of emerging mental health concerns in youth perinatally infected with HIV and peer comparisons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-sectional research indicates high rates of mental health concerns among youth with perinatal HIV infection (PHIV), but few studies have examined emerging psychiatric symptoms over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth with PHIV and peer comparisons who were HIV-exposed but uninfected or living in households with HIV-infected family members (HIV-affected) and primary caregivers participated in a prospective, multisite, longitudinal cohort study. Groups were compared for differences in the incidence of emerging psychiatric symptoms during 2 years of follow-up and for differences in psychotropic drug therapy. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of emerging symptoms with HIV status and psychosocial risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 573 youth with study entry assessments, 92% attended at least 1 annual follow-up visit (PHIV: 296; comparisons: 229). A substantial percentage of youth who did not meet symptom criteria for a psychiatric disorder at study entry did so during follow-up (PHIV = 36%; comparisons = 42%). In addition, those who met criteria at study entry often met criteria during follow-up (PHIV = 41%; comparisons = 43%). Asymptomatic youth with PHIV were significantly more likely to receive psychotropic medication during follow-up than comparisons. Youth with greater HIV disease severity (entry CD4% <25% vs 25% or more) had higher probability of depression symptoms (19% vs 8%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many youth in families affected by HIV are at risk for development of psychiatric symptoms.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. kenneth.gadow@stonybrook.edu.
authors: Kenneth D
authors: KD
authors: Gadow
authors: Konstantia
authors: K
authors: Angelidou
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Chernoff
authors: Paige L
authors: PL
authors: Williams
authors: Jerry
authors: J
authors: Heston
authors: Janice
authors: J
authors: Hodge
authors: Sharon
authors: S
authors: Nachman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000151:congenital* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000151:congenital* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010379:Peer Group; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012931:Social Environment; D057545:Social Stigma; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs