title: Continuous femoral nerve blocks: the impact of catheter tip location relative to the femoral nerve (anterior versus posterior) on quadriceps weakness and cutaneous sensory block.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During a continuous femoral nerve block, the influence of catheter tip position relative to the femoral nerve on infusion characteristics remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We inserted bilateral femoral perineural catheters in volunteers (ultrasound-guided, needle in-plane). Subjects' dominant side was randomized to have the catheter tip placed either anterior or posterior to the femoral nerve. The contralateral limb received the alternative position. Ropivacaine 0.1% was administered through both catheters concurrently for 6 hours (4 mL/h). Outcome measures included the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps femoris muscle and tolerance to cutaneous electrical current over to the distal quadriceps tendon. Measurements were performed at hour 0 (baseline), and on the hour until hour 9, as well as hour 22. The primary end point was the MVIC of the quadriceps at hour 6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a percentage of the baseline measurement, quadriceps MVIC for limbs with anterior (n = 16) and posterior (n = 16) catheter tip placement did not differ to a statistically significant degree at hour 6 (mean [SD] 29% [26] vs 30% [28], respectively; 95% confidence interval: -22% to 20%; P = 0.931), or at any other time point. However, the maximum tolerance to cutaneous electrical current was higher in limbs with anterior compared with posterior catheter tip placement at hour 6 (20 [23] mA vs 6 [4] mA, respectively; 95% confidence interval: 1-27 mA; P = 0.035), as well as at hours 1, 7, 8, and 9 (P < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documents the significant (70%-80%) quadriceps femoris weakness induced by a continuous femoral nerve block infusion at a relatively low dose of ropivacaine (4 mg/h) delivered through a perineural catheter located both anterior and posterior to the femoral nerve. In contrast, an anterior placement increases cutaneous sensory block compared with a posterior insertion, without a concurrent relative increase in motor block.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8770, USA. bilfeld@ucsd.edu
authors: Brian M
authors: BM
authors: Ilfeld
authors: Vanessa J
authors: VJ
authors: Loland
authors: NavParkash S
authors: NS
authors: Sandhu
authors: Preetham J
authors: PJ
authors: Suresh
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Bishop
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Donohue
authors: Eliza J
authors: EJ
authors: Ferguson
authors: Sarah J
authors: SJ
authors: Madison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D055815:Young Adult