title: Direct phenotypical and functional dysregulation of primary human B cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces a general dysregulation of immune system. Dysregulation of B cell compartment is generally thought to be induced by HIV-related immune activation and lymphopenia. However, a direct influence of HIV-1 particles on B cells was recently proposed as the third pathway of B cells dysregulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated the direct and specific consequences of HIV-1 contact on activation, survival, proliferation and phenotype of primary B cells in vitro. Moreover, we examined expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mRNA that is responsible for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Here, we report that changes observed in cellular proliferation, phenotypes and activation of B cells could be caused by direct contact between HIV-1 particles and primary B cells in vitro. Finally, direct HIV-1-derived B cells activation led to the increase of AID mRNA expression and its subsequent CSR function was detected in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that HIV-1 could directly induce primary B cells dysregulation triggering phenotypical and functional abilities of B cells in vitro that could explain in some extent early B-cell abnormalities in HIV disease.
authors: Laboratorio Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Ana Judith
authors: AJ
authors: Perisé-Barrios
authors: María Ángeles
authors: MÁ
authors: Muñoz-Fernandez
authors: Marjorie
authors: M
authors: Pion
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase