title: The potential effect of botulinum toxin type A on human dermal fibroblasts: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT) continues to expand. Some physicians have noted a face-lifting effect after intradermal injection of BoNT, although the effects are controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the in vitro effects of BoNT on human dermal fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proliferation and toxic effects of BoNT on human dermal fibroblasts were measured. To understand the mechanism of BoNT on collagen production of fibroblasts, procollagen type I carboxy-terminal peptide (PIP) was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and collagen production was monitored using Western blotting. To examine the effect of BoNT on collagen degradation, we evaluated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production using gelatin zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BoNT did not stimulate the proliferation of or show toxic effects on human dermal fibroblasts. Levels of PIP increased significantly in fibroblasts grown in the presence of BoNT, and BoNT upregulated the expression of type I collagen and decreased the production of some MMPs in fibroblasts that prevent collagen degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows interesting effects of BoNT on collagen production and degradation of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. This research provides the experimental background for using intradermal BoNT injection for remodeling of dermal tissues in aged skin.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea. djplastic@cnu.ac.kr
authors: Sang-Ha
authors: SH
authors: Oh
authors: Young
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: Young-Joon
authors: YJ
authors: Seo
authors: Jeung-Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Jung D
authors: JD
authors: Yang
authors: Ho Y
authors: HY
authors: Chung
authors: Byung C
authors: BC
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011347:Procollagen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; C042813:procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A