title: Two-provider technique for bimanual uterine compression to control postpartum hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bimanual uterine compression may provide a reasonable treatment option for controlling or arresting postpartum hemorrhage in areas where access to care and advanced medical interventions are limited. Preliminary evidence suggests that correctly performed bimanual uterine compression is unsustainable for more than a few minutes, despite empirical evidence and practice recommendations that support extended compression for optimal effect. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of team-based (pairs) bimanual uterine compression for managing postpartum hemorrhage from uterine atony.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obstetricians, nurse-midwives, midwifery students, and unskilled birth attendants (N = 30) in Ghana performed bimanual uterine compression using a simulator with objective performance feedback (6 lights) corresponding to pressure sensors on the uterus. For each participant, we tracked the degree and duration of maintained uterine compression. Birth attendants were then paired (15 pairs) and were similarly assessed performing the technique as a team, with 1 attendant providing external compression to the uterine fundus using 2 hands and the other providing internal pressure against the body of the uterus with a single hand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals were unable to fully compress the uterus and maintain compression for more than 150 seconds without fatiguing. All paired teams were able to fully compress the uterus and maintain the compression for the maximum allotted time of 5 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that bimanual uterine compression is more effective when performed by a team, with a primary attendant maintaining internal lower uterine segment pressure and monitoring the patient's condition and a partner applying external pressure to the uterine fundus. For cases where access to advanced medical care is limited or delayed, team-applied bimanual uterine compression could enhance the ability to control or arrest postpartum hemorrhage and increase the likelihood of maternal survival.
authors: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5201, USA. pandreat@umich.edu
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Andreatta
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Perosky
authors: Timothy R B
authors: TR
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000379:methods*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011312:Pressure; D014593:Uterine Inertia; D014599:Uterus