title: Bone: incretin hormones perceiver or receiver?
abstract: Novel incretin-based drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), have been last introduced in the pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the last few years, the interest on the relationship of gut hormones with bone metabolism in diabetes has been increasing. The aim of present paper is to examine in vitro and in vivo evidence on the connections between incretin hormones and bone metabolism. We also discuss results of clinical trials and metaanalysis, explore the effects of incretin drugs in vitro on osteogenic cells and osteoclasts, and speculate on the possibility of different effects of GLP-1 RA and DPP-4i on the risk of bone fractures risk in humans. Although existing preliminary evidence suggests a protective effect on the bone, at least for DPP-4i, further controlled, long-term studies with measurement of bone markers, bone density, and clinical fractures rates are needed to substantiate and confirm those findings.
authors: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence and Obesity Agency, 50127 Florence, Italy.
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Dicembrini
authors: Edoardo
authors: E
authors: Mannucci
authors: Carlo Maria
authors: CM
authors: Rotella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006728:Hormones; D054795:Incretins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon