title: Use of frozen section in genitourinary pathology.
abstract: Frozen section diagnosis provides critical information for immediate surgical management decision making. Over the last several years, there have been some significant advances in treatment of genitourinary cancer, particularly with regard to surgical techniques. These changes in turn impact the type and frequency of intraoperative frozen section requests. In this review, we describe the main indications and diagnostic challenges of frozen section diagnosis during surgeries of each genitourinary organ system including prostate, kidney, bladder, testis, and penis. The pitfalls and approaches to different diagnostic situations are discussed. It is also stressed that pathologists must not only be familiar with the histological diagnosis, but also understand the limitations of frozen section diagnosis and communicate with urologists during the intraoperative treatment decision making process.
authors: Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. stevenshen@tmhs.org
authors: Steven S
authors: SS
authors: Shen
authors: Luan D
authors: LD
authors: Truong
authors: Jae Y
authors: JY
authors: Ro
authors: Alberto G
authors: AG
authors: Ayala
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005629:Frozen Sections; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010340:Pathology, Surgical; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery