title: Genome analysis and heterologous expression of acetate-activating enzymes in the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis.
abstract: Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria were recently shown to use short-chain organic acids as additional energy source. The AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase gene (acs) of Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, encoding an important enzyme involved in the conversion of these organic acids, was identified and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to investigate the activation of several substrates, that is, acetate, propionate and butyrate. The heterologously expressed ACS enzyme could complement an E. coli triple mutant deficient in all pathways of acetate activation. Activity was observed toward several short-chain organic acids, but was highest with acetate. These properties are in line with a mixotrophic growth of anammox bacteria. In addition to acs, the genome of K. stuttgartiensis contained the essential genes of an acetyl-CoA synthase/CO dehydrogenase complex and genes putatively encoding two isoenzymes of archaeal-like ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase underlining the importance of acetyl-CoA as intermediate in the carbon assimilation metabolism of anammox bacteria.
authors: Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Russ
authors: Harry R
authors: HR
authors: Harhangi
authors: Jeroen
authors: J
authors: Schellekens
authors: Bram
authors: B
authors: Verdellen
authors: Boran
authors: B
authors: Kartal
authors: Huub J M
authors: HJ
authors: Op den Camp
authors: Mike S M
authors: MS
authors: Jetten
mesh_terms: D000106:Acetate-CoA Ligase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D001105:Archaea / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D010802:Phylogeny; D061328:Planctomycetales / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000106:Acetate-CoA Ligase