title: Immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain gene with somatic hypermutation is frequently expressed in acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: Expression of immunoglobulin (Ig), a marker characteristic of B cells, has been reported in epithelial cells and has been suggested to have a role in their survival and growth. We assessed the frequency and level of Ig gamma heavy chain (IgG) expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and found that IgG was expressed at a high frequency and level in AML cell lines and primary myeloblasts, but not in monocytes or neutrophils from patients with non-hematopoietic neoplasms or healthy controls. AML-derived IgG had the same molecular weight as B cell-derived IgG and was secreted. We further detected IgG V(H)DJ(H) transcripts in AML cell lines and sorted primary myeloblasts, confirming that IgG expression was indeed produced by AML cells. AML-derived IgG gene rearrangements showed evidence of somatic hypermutation of the variable (V) gene segments, and restricted (AML cell lines) or biased (primary myeloblasts) V usage. Anti-human IgG reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in AML cell lines. Although the function of the AML-derived IgG is unclear, our findings suggest that AML-derived IgG may be a novel AML-related gene that contributes to leukemogenesis and AML progression. AML-derived IgG may serve as a useful molecular marker for monitoring minimal residual disease or designing target therapy.
authors: Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. qiuxy@bjmu.edu.cn
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Qiu
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: He
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Hu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lin
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: You
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Medeiros
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Yin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics*; D007142:Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007621:Karyotyping; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007142:Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains