title: Royal jelly and bee pollen decrease bone loss due to osteoporosis in an oophorectomized rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to investigate whether royal jelly and bee pollen reduce the bone loss due to osteoporosis in oophorectomized rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley mature rats at six-month-old, weighing 180-260 g were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups: Sham-operation group, only oophorectomy group, oophorectomy in combination with royal jelly group, and oophorectomy and bee pollen group. The rats were sacrified within 12 weeks following surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis before sacrification. Following sacrification, uterine weights were measured and tissue samples were taken to determine bone calcium and phosphate level with imaging through scanning electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The uterine weights of the rats were found higher in Sham-operation group than the other groups. The difference among the groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Total body BMD results were similar in all groups and there was not statistically significant difference (p=0.19). The lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD results were statistically significantly higher in the royal jelly and bee pollen groups, compared to only oophorectomy group (p=0.001). Bone tissue calcium and phosphate levels were higher in royal jelly and bee pollen groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Royal jelly and bee pollen decrease the bone loss due to osteoporosis in oophorectomized rat model. These results may contribute to the clinical practice.
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. ihkafadar@gmail.com
authors: Ibrahim Halil
authors: IH
authors: Kafadar
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Güney
authors: Cemil Yildirim
authors: CY
authors: Türk
authors: Mithat
authors: M
authors: Oner
authors: Sibel
authors: S
authors: Silici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011058:Pollen; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D000099219:Royal Jelly