title: Celiac disease: an immunological jigsaw.
abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy induced by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed people. The keystone of CD pathogenesis is an adaptive immune response orchestrated by the interplay between gluten and MHC class II HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 molecules. Yet, other factors that impair immunoregulatory mechanisms and/or activate the large population of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are indispensable for driving tissue damage. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of the undesirable immune response initiated by gluten peptides. We show that CD is a model disease to decipher the role of MHC class II molecules in human immunopathology, to analyze the mechanisms that link tolerance to food proteins and autoimmunity, and to investigate how chronic activation of IEL can lead to T cell lymphomagenesis.
authors: INSERM, U989, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Centre, Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France. bertrand.meresse@inserm.fr
authors: Bertrand
authors: B
authors: Meresse
authors: Georgia
authors: G
authors: Malamut
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Cerf-Bensussan
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D017668:Age of Onset; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D019409:Interleukin-15; D005983:Glutens; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins