title: Differential seroprevalence of human bocavirus species 1-4 in Beijing, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Four species of human bocaviruses (HBoV1-4) have been identified based on phylogenetic analysis since its first report in 2005. HBoV1 has been associated with respiratory disease, whereas HBoV2-4 are mainly detected in enteric infections. Although the prevalence of HBoVs in humans has been studied in some regions, it has not been well addressed globally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-reactivity of anti-VP2 antibodies was detected between HBoV1, 2, 3, and 4 in mouse and human serum. The prevalence of specific anti-VP2 IgG antibodies against HBoV1-4 was determined in different age groups of healthy individuals aged 0-70 years old in Beijing, China, using a competition ELISA assay based on virus-like particles of HBoV1-4. The seroprevalence of HBoV1-4 was 50%, 36.9%, 28.7%, and 0.8%, respectively, in children aged 0-14 years (n = 244); whereas the seroprevalence of HBoV1-4 was 66.9%, 49.3%, 38.7% and 1.4%, respectively, in healthy adults (≥ 15 years old; n = 142). The seropositive rate of HBoV1 was higher than that of HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 in individuals older than 0.5 years. Furthermore, IgG seroconversion of HBoV1 (10/31, 32.3%), HBoV2 (8/31, 25.8%), and HBoV3 (2/31, 6.5%) was found in paired sera collected from children with respiratory tract infections who were positive for HBoV1 according to PCR analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that HBoV1 is more prevalent than HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 in the population we sampled in Beijing, China, suggesting that HBoV species may play differential roles in disease.
authors: MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Guo
authors: Yaying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Hongli
authors: H
authors: Zhou
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: Jingdong
authors: J
authors: Song
authors: Jianguo
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Gláucia
authors: G
authors: Paranhos-Baccalà
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Vernet
authors: Jianwei
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Hung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies