title: Gamma-mangostin, a micronutrient of mangosteen fruit, induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.
abstract: Recently colorectal cancer rates have increased rapidly in Taiwan. The treatment of colorectal cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a famous Asian tropical fruit. γ-Mangostin is a xanthone derivative isolated from the fruit hull. In previous studies, we found evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-brain tumor activities in γ-mangostin. In this study, we performed further studies to assess the apoptotic effects of γ-mangostin on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells HT29. γ-Mangostin showed concentration and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on HT29 cells. Microscopic observation under Giemsa staining showed that γ-mangostin induced cellular swelling and the appearance of apoptotic bodies, characteristic of apoptosis in HT29 cells. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed an increase of hypodiploid cells in γ-mangostin-treated HT29 cells, while enhancement of intracellular peroxide production was detected in the same γ-mangostin-treated cells by DCHDA assay and DiOC6(3) staining. In view of the above results, γ-mangostin has demonstrated anticancer activity and induces apoptosis in HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The evidence suggests that γ-mangostin could serve as a micronutrient for colon cancer prevention and is a potential lead compound for the development of anti-colon cancer agents.
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Center of e-CAM, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wusing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors: Hui-Fang
authors: HF
authors: Chang
authors: Ling-Ling
authors: LL
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004171:Diploidy; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D013997:Time Factors; D044004:Xanthones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D010545:Peroxides; D044004:Xanthones; D002374:Catalase; C021053:mangostin