title: Heat stable antimicrobial activity of Burkholderia gladioli OR1 against clinical drug resistant isolates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug resistant microbes are a serious challenge to human health. During the search for novel antibiotics/inhibitors from the agricultural soil, a bacterial colony was found to inhibit the growth of clinical isolates including Staphylococcus (resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, clinafloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and methicillin) and Candida (resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole). The culture was identified as Burkholderia gladioli and produced at least five different antimicrobial compounds which were highly stable at high temperature (121 o C) and in the broad pH range (3.0-11.0). We report here the antimicrobial activity of B. gladioli against drug resistant bacterial pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bacterial culture was identified using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the identified organism against a range of microbial pathogens was checked by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial compounds in the cell free supernatant were chloroform-extracted and separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  B. gladioli OR1 exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against drug resistant clinical isolates belonging to various genera of bacteria (Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter) and a fungus (Candida). Based on TLC profile and bioautography studies, the chloroform extract of B. gladioli OR1 consisted of at least three anti-staphylococcal and two anti-Candida metabolites. The antimicrobial activity was heat stable (121 o C/20 min) as well as pH stable (3.0-11.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bacterial soil isolate, B. gladioli OR1 possessed the ability to kill various drug resistant bacteria and a fungus. This organism produced many antimicrobial metabolites which might have the potential to be used as antibiotics in future.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors: Pratibha
authors: P
authors: Bharti
authors: Vivek
authors: V
authors: Anand
authors: Jagdish
authors: J
authors: Chander
authors: Inder Pal
authors: IP
authors: Singh
authors: Tej Vir
authors: TV
authors: Singh
authors: Rupinder
authors: R
authors: Tewari
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D042725:Burkholderia gladioli / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S