title: Contamination by perfluorinated compounds in water near waste recycling and disposal sites in Vietnam.
abstract: There are very few reports on the contamination by perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the environment of developing countries, especially regarding their emission from waste recycling and disposal sites. This is the first study on the occurrence of a wide range of PFCs (17 compounds) in ambient water in Vietnam, including samples collected from a municipal dumping site (MD), an e-waste recycling site (ER), a battery recycling site (BR) and a rural control site. The highest PFC concentration was found in a leachate sample from MD (360 ng/L). The PFC concentrations in ER and BR (mean, 57 and 16 ng/L, respectively) were also significantly higher than those detected in the rural control site (mean, 9.4 ng/L), suggesting that municipal solid waste and waste electrical and electronic equipment are potential contamination sources of PFCs in Vietnam. In general, the most abundant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUDA; <1.4-100, <1.2-100, and <0.5-20 ng/L, respectively). Interestingly, there were specific PFC profiles: perfluoroheptanoic acid and perfluorohexanoic acid (88 and 77 ng/L, respectively) were almost as abundant as PFOA in MD leachate (100 ng/L), whereas PFNA was prevalent in ER and BR (mean, 17 and 6.2 ng/L, respectively) and PFUDA was the most abundant in municipal wastewater (mean, 5.6 ng/L), indicating differences in PFC contents in different waste materials.
authors: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
authors: Joon-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Nguyen Minh
authors: NM
authors: Tue
authors: Tomohiko
authors: T
authors: Isobe
authors: Kentaro
authors: K
authors: Misaki
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Takahashi
authors: Pham Hung
authors: PH
authors: Viet
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D059029:Electronic Waste; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D014744:Vietnam; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical