title: Detection of Paracoccidioides spp. in environmental aerosol samples.
abstract: Taking into account that paracoccidioidomycosis infection occurs by inhalation of the asexual conidia produced by Paracoccidioides spp. in its saprobic phase, this work presents the collection of aerosol samples as an option for environmental detection of this pathogen, by positioning a cyclonic air sampler at the entrance of armadillo burrows. Methods included direct culture, extinction technique culture and Nested PCR of the rRNA coding sequence, comprising the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. In addition, we evaluated one armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) as a positive control for the studied area. Although the pathogen could not be isolated by the culturing strategies, the aerosol sampling associated with molecular detection through Nested PCR proved the best method for discovering Paracoccidioides spp. in the environment. Most of the ITS sequences obtained in this investigation proved to be highly similar with the homologous sequences of Paracoccidioides lutzii from the GenBank database, suggesting that this Paracoccidioides species may not be exclusive to mid-western Brazil as proposed so far.
authors: Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
authors: Thales Domingos
authors: TD
authors: Arantes
authors: Raquel Cordeiro
authors: RC
authors: Theodoro
authors: Severino Assis
authors: SA
authors: Da Graça Macoris
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Bagagli
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000391:Air Microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001135:Armadillos; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil; D006224:Cricetinae; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer