title: [Chronotherapy for affective disorders].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the literature there is increasing interest in the chronobiology of affective disorders and in the most important chronotherapies for treating these disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the background to and the main features of the most important therapies for affective disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using PubMed, we performed a concise review of the literature on the use of chronotherapeutics in affective disorders and we also studied the standard textbooks on the subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light therapy is the type of chronotherapy that has been studied most. Chronotherapies show interesting and promising results in open label studies, but so far there have been no randomized double-blind placebo controlled trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronotherapeutics provides a neurobiological model and a series of promising, possibly effective non-pharmacological therapies, particularly for affective disorders. Light therapy deserves to be included in the multidisciplinary treatment guidelines relating to affective disorders. However, more, better and longer trials are needed in order to evaluate the various types of chronotherapies.
authors: Psychiatrie en Neuropsychologie, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. r.lieverse@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Lieverse
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Riemersma-van der Lek
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Voermans
authors: W J G
authors: WJ
authors: Hoogendijk
mesh_terms: D019454:Chronotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome