title: Biochemical, microbiological and phytochemical studies on aqueous-fermented extracts from Atropa belladonna L. Part 2--Phytochemistry.
abstract: Extraction methods of fresh plants into aqueous-fermented extracts according to German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HAB), regulation nos. 33 and 34 were evaluated. In the course of production, the extraction is accompanied by fermentation and the resulting preparation is stored for at least 6 months until further processing. In part 1 of the work, the biochemical reactions proceeding in aqueous-fermented extracts from the fresh flowering herb of Atropa belladonna var. belladonna (L.) were studied and the responsible microorganisms were identified. This second part aimed at shedding light on the phytochemical changes upon manufacture and storage. Additionally, questions were addressed at the robustness of the method by varying production conditions, its reproducibility and the comparison with ethanolic extraction. Studying 110 extracts produced from 2006 to 2009 as well as model experiments on isolated lactic acid bacteria in atropine solutions proved that the active substance atropine was stable under regular pH conditions. Interestingly, no difference between aqueous-fermented and ethanolic extracts could be found with respect to atropine concentration. In contrast, the amounts of scopoletin and kaempferol glycosides from Atropa belladonna differed depending on the extraction procedure.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Schwarzenberger
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Stintzing
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Meyer
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Lindequist
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001532:Atropa belladonna / Q000737:chemistry*; D001285:Atropine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D000431:Ethanol; D005285:Fermentation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012603:Scopoletin / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D001285:Atropine; D012603:Scopoletin