title: The Morphology Index: predictive value of malignancy among clinicians at various levels of training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether clinicians at various levels of training can reproduce and apply the Morphology Index when compared to Ueland's Morphology Index data, and to determine intra-observer variability when applied by observers at various levels of training.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred four transvaginal ultrasound images of adnexal masses obtained at Indiana University between 1991 and 2003 were identified which had correlating surgical pathology. The images were scored by four investigators at four different levels of training. Scoring was based upon the revised University of Kentucky Morphology Index by Ueland. Each mass received 0-5 points for its structure, and 0-5 points for tumor volume. Each total score was then correlated with the surgical pathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each investigator were determined. All images were reviewed independently by each investigator; each was blinded to scores given by the other investigators and to final pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine malignant and 95 benign masses were noted on final pathology. Ranges for statistical values were: positive predictive value (PPV) 15-18%, negative predictive value (NPV) 93-98%, sensitivity 44-89%, and specificity 52-76%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Morphology Index is a consistent and reliable tool for predicting benign disease demonstrating a high negative predictive value with little intra-observer variability. However, when predicting malignancy, the results showed more intra-observer variability and a positive predictive value half of that previously reported. This study confirms the clinical utility of the Morphology Index when utilized for its NPV and demonstrates its widespread application even among clinicians with minimal ultrasound training.
authors: Indiana University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Kris
authors: K
authors: Barnsfather
authors: C Brennan
authors: CB
authors: Fitzpatrick
authors: Jill
authors: J
authors: Wilson
authors: Cady L
authors: CL
authors: Linn
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Brizendine
authors: Jeanne M
authors: JM
authors: Schilder
mesh_terms: D000291:Adnexal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010820:Physicians; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards