title: Protective effect of chitin oligosaccharides against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in BV-2 microglia.
abstract: Chitin oligosaccharides (NA-COS) of two different molecular weight ranges (below 1 and 1-3 kDa) were examined for their capabilities against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV-2 murine microglia. It was found that NA-COS reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by suppressing the expression of NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of NA-COS on generation of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined. Notably, NA-COS exerted anti-inflammatory activities via blocking degradation of inhibitor of kappaB-alpha (IκB-α), translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a dose-dependent manner. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of NA-COS in BV-2 microglia.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors: Thanh-Sang
authors: TS
authors: Vo
authors: Dai-Hung
authors: DH
authors: Ngo
authors: Quang Van
authors: QV
authors: Ta
authors: Isuru
authors: I
authors: Wijesekara
authors: Chang-Suk
authors: CS
authors: Kong
authors: Se-Kwon
authors: SK
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002686:Chitin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D002686:Chitin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone