title: Nocturia, sleep and daytime function in stable heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate nocturia severity and nocturia-related differences in sleep, daytime symptoms and functional performance among patients with stable heart failure (HF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cross-sectional observational study, we recruited 173 patients [mean age 60.3 ± 16.8 years; female n = 60 (35%); mean left ventricular ejection fraction 32 ± 14.6%] with stable chronic HF from HF disease management programs in the northeastern United States. Participants reported nocturia and completed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 1 night of ambulatory polysomnography, and the SF-36 Medical Outcomes Study, Epworth Sleepiness, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, and Centers for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression scales. Participants reported 0 (n = 30; 17.3%), 1-2 (n = 87; 50.2%), and ≥3 (n = 56; 32.4%) nightly episodes of nocturia. There were decreases in sleep duration and efficiency, REM and stage 3-4 sleep, physical function, and 6MWT distance and increases in the percentage of wake time after sleep onset, insomnia symptoms, fatigue, and sleepiness across levels of nocturia severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturia is common, severe, and closely associated with decrements in sleep and functional performance and increases in fatigue and sleepiness in patients with stable HF.
authors: Yale University School of Nursing, 100 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06536-07040, USA. nancy.redeker@yale.edu
authors: Nancy S
authors: NS
authors: Redeker
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Adams
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Berkowitz
authors: Lenore
authors: L
authors: Blank
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Freudenberger
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Gilbert
authors: Joyce
authors: J
authors: Walsleben
authors: Mark J
authors: MJ
authors: Zucker
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016138:Walking