title: Depression and cardiovascular risk factors: evidence from a large postmortem sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the association of depression with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases (CVRFD) in a large population-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 1012 deceased individuals greater than 50 years of age from a general autopsy service located in São Paulo, Brazil. Demographics, socioeconomic profile, and CVRFD information were collected by caregivers from the deceased individuals from the Brain Bank of the Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group. Depression diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Mental Disorders was the main outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression was associated with female gender (odds ratio (OR) = 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-2.71, p = 0.001), widowhood (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.03-2.32, p = 0.04), physical inactivity (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.15-2.26, p = 0.006), and smoking (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.40-2.95, p < 0.001) after multivariate logistic regression analysis. Other CVRFD were not associated with the presence of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cross-sectional study, sedentary individuals and smokers showed a higher chance of depression during lifetime. Measures to control these common risk factors could decrease the incidence of depression.
authors: Discipline of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. cksuemoto@usp.br
authors: Claudia K
authors: CK
authors: Suemoto
authors: Marcio V
authors: MV
authors: Damico
authors: Renata E L
authors: RE
authors: Ferretti
authors: Lea T
authors: LT
authors: Grinberg
authors: José Marcelo
authors: JM
authors: Farfel
authors: Renata E P
authors: RE
authors: Leite
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Nitrini
authors: Beny
authors: B
authors: Lafer
authors: Wilson
authors: W
authors: Jacob-Filho
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Pasqualucci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects