title: Effects of heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the leaf proteome of a selected poplar clone: a time course analysis.
abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most plant species. While receiving photosynthates, they improve the mineral nutrition of the plant and can also increase its tolerance towards some pollutants, like heavy metals. Although the fungal symbionts exclusively colonize the plant roots, some plant responses can be systemic. Therefore, in this work a clone of Populus alba L., previously selected for its tolerance to copper and zinc, was used to investigate the effects of the symbiosis with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices on the leaf protein expression. Poplar leaf samples were collected from plants maintained in a glasshouse on polluted (copper and zinc contaminated) or unpolluted soil, after four, six and sixteen months of growth. For each harvest, about 450 proteins were reproducibly separated on 2DE maps. At the first harvest the most relevant effect on protein modulation was exerted by the AM fungi, at the second one by the metals, and at the last one by both treatments. This work demonstrates how importantly the time of sampling affects the proteome responses in perennial plants. In addition, it underlines the ability of a proteomic approach, targeted on protein identification, to depict changes in a specific pattern of protein expression, while being still far from elucidating the biological function of each protein.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale A Avogadro, Alessandria, Italy. guido.lingua@mfn.unipmn.it
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Lingua
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Bona
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Todeschini
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Cattaneo
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Marsano
authors: Graziella
authors: G
authors: Berta
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Cavaletto
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000494:pharmacology*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D032107:Populus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D040901:Proteomics; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013559:Symbiosis; D013997:Time Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc