title: [Aortic stenosis and extracellular matrix                                     remodeling].
abstract: Valvular heart diseases represent an important public health burden. With                               the decrease in the incidence of rheumatic heart disease, calcific                               aortic stenosis has now become the most common valvular disease in                               Western countries. Its prevalence increases with age, such that its                               affects about 4% of the elderly population and it is the most common                               motive for valve replacement. Several tissue abnormalities were                               observed in aortic valves from patients suffering from aortic                               stenosis: presence of large calcium deposits, inflammatory cells,                               lipids, and neocapillaries as well as extracellular matrix remodeling.                               The aortic valves show three characteristic layers: the                                     fibrosa composed mainly of collagen bundles,                               the spongiosa which consists of a proteoglycan matrix, and the                                     ventricularis which contains several elastic                               lamellae. The components of the extracellular matrix are synthesized                               by valvular mesenchymal cells. The turn-over of collagen and elastic                               fibers is low; the other macromolecules are more rapidly synthesized                               and hydrolysed. Serine proteases such as enzymes of the fibrinolytic                               system and matrix metalloproteinases play a role in the remodeling of                               the extracellular matrix. The hydrolysis of adhesive proteins, such as                               fibronectin, by plasmin triggers the apoptosis of valvular                               (myo)fibroblasts, a biological process named anoikis. Cellular events                               and extracellular matrix remodeling thus participate to the evolution                               of aortic valves towards aortic stenosis.
authors: INSERM UMR 698, Hématologie, Bio-Ingénierie et Remodelage Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris Cedex 18, France.
authors: Najlah
authors: N
authors: Kochtebane
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Choqueux
authors: Jean-Baptiste
authors: JB
authors: Michel
authors: Marie-Paule
authors: MP
authors: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases