title: Cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and therapeutic strategies including natural products.
abstract: Embryonic stem cells divide continuously and differentiate into organs through the expression of specific transcription factors at specific time periods. Differentiated adult stem cells on the other hand remain in quiescent state and divide by receiving cues from the environment (extracellular matrix or niche), as in the case of wound healing from tissue injury or inflammation. Similarly, it is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs), forming a smaller fraction of the tumor bulk, also remain in a quiescent state. These cells are capable of initiating and propagating neoplastic growth upon receiving environmental cues, such as overexpression of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Candidate CSCs express distinct biomarkers that can be utilized for their identification and isolation. This review focuses on the known and candidate cancer stem cell markers identified in various solid tumors and the promising future of disease management and therapy targeted at these markers. The review also provides details on the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and the miRNA- and natural product-based therapies that could be applied for the treatment of cancer stem cells.
authors: Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
authors: Darshni
authors: D
authors: Vira
authors: Saroj K
authors: SK
authors: Basak
authors: Mysore S
authors: MS
authors: Veena
authors: Marilene B
authors: MB
authors: Wang
authors: Raj K
authors: RK
authors: Batra
authors: Eri S
authors: ES
authors: Srivatsan
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D051926:Basigin / Q000032:analysis; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D015703:Antigens, CD; D051926:Basigin; D001688:Biological Products; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D010455:Peptides; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins; C489421:Bmi1 protein, mouse; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; C515028:ALDH1A1 protein, mouse