title: Assessment of characteristics of patients with cholelithiasis from economically deprived rural Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallstones have been regarded as one of the most expensive diseases in Gastroenterology, posing a great economic burden on developing nations. The majority of Pakistani people live in rural areas where healthcare facilities are not available or are very primitive. We aim to assess the characteristics among cholelithiasis patients from rural Karachi so that a prevention campaign can be launched in rural underprivileged settings to reduce the economic burden of this preventable disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 410 patients were included in the study after giving verbal consent as well as written consent. Variables such as age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist circumference, number of children, monthly family income, number of siblings, and number of family members, were considered in this questionnaire. All data was analysed by SPSS ver. 16.0. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for continuous variables. Frequency and percentages were calculated for categorical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly 85.4% of the participants were female. The mean ± S.D. for age was 43.8 ± 9.59. Nearly 61% of the patients were illiterate. All of our patients were from low socioeconomic status and their mean salary ± S.D. was 6915 ± 1992 PKR (1 US $ = 90.37PKR). 75% of them were smokers with mean consumption ± S.D. of 7.5 ± 10 cigarettes per day. Fibre in diet was not used by 83.65% of patients. 40.2% were living in combined families. 61% were living in purchased homes. A positive history of diabetes mellitus was given by 45.1%, family history of cholelithiasis by 61% and history of hypertension by 31.7% of subjects. Soft drink consumption was given by 45.1% of patients; while only 8.5% used snacked daily. Tea was consumed by 95.1% of the subjects. Daily physical activity for 30 minutes was reported by only 13.4% of participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, rural dwellers from low socioeconomic strata are neglected patients and illiteracy further adds fuel to the fire by decreasing the contact with the health professionals. Assessment of the characteristics are very important because considering the great socio-economic burden, an intervention strategy in the form of mass media campaign as well as small group discussions in such rural areas can be formulated and applied to high risk populations to reduce the burden and complications of gallstone disease.
authors: Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. dowgrad2012@yahoo.com
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Naeem
authors: Nasir Ali
authors: NA
authors: Rahimnajjad
authors: Muhammad Kazim
authors: MK
authors: Rahimnajjad
authors: Madiha
authors: M
authors: Khurshid
authors: Qazi Jalaluddin
authors: QJ
authors: Ahmed
authors: Syed Mariam
authors: SM
authors: Shahid
authors: Faiza
authors: F
authors: Khawar
authors: Molham Mustafa
authors: MM
authors: Najjar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012423:Rural Health / Q000191:economics; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires