title: Polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene is related to oral cancer and lymph node metastasis in male betel quid chewers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), a type I cell surface zinc metallopeptidase, is differentially expressed in several malignancies and plays a role in tumor cell proliferation, tumor cell migration, angiogenesis, and metastatic behavior. We aimed to investigate the effects of ACE gene (rs1799752) variants on oral cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) 32 was used to measure ACE gene polymorphisms in 88 patients with oral precancerous lesion (OPL), 186 33 patients with oral cancer, and 120 control subjects without any oral lesions. All study subjects were male 34 betel quid chewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with oral cancer or OPL had a higher frequency of the DD genotype than the control patients did. Oral cancer patients with the DD genotype had a significantly higher prevalence of lymph node metastases than patients with the II/ID genotype did. After adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, and betel quid chewing status, we found that individuals with the DD genotype of the ACE gene had a 5.46-fold and 3.13-fold higher risk of developing oral cancer or OPL, respectively, than those with the II genotype did. Furthermore, oral cancer patients with the DD genotype of the ACE gene had a 2.16-fold higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the ACE gene polymorphisms may be associated with increased susceptibility to OPL and oral cancer and lymph node metastasis from oral cancer.
authors: Division of Plastic, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Tien
authors: YT
authors: Liu
authors: Li-Wen
authors: LW
authors: Lin
authors: Chih-Yu
authors: CY
authors: Chen
authors: Chao-Ping
authors: CP
authors: Wang
authors: Han-Pang
authors: HP
authors: Liu
authors: Jer-Yiing
authors: JY
authors: Houng
authors: Fu-Mei
authors: FM
authors: Chung
authors: Tien-Yu
authors: TY
authors: Shieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001114:Areca; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A