title: Safety of weightlifting among women with or at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema: musculoskeletal injuries and health care use in a weightlifting rehabilitation trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been noted that only 14% of all clinical trials are translated into practice. The objective of this paper is to promote translation of an efficacious rehabilitative exercise program for breast cancer survivors by clarifying for clinicians the safety profile of participants (e.g., rates of musculoskeletal injury and referral to medical professionals), and to use this evidence to make recommendations on the appropriate training of health and fitness staff who would be capable of safely, effectively, and sustainably delivering the program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast cancer survivors with and at risk for lymphedema were randomized to twice-weekly weightlifting or standard care for 1 year. An injury survey and health care evaluation were administered after 1 year and in 3-month intervals, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative incidence and rate of injury were higher in the weightlifting than in the control group. The injury rates were 2.3 and 0.3 per 1,000 bouts of weightlifting among breast cancer survivors with and at risk for lymphedema, respectively. Among breast cancer survivors with or at risk for lymphedema, 20.9% in the weightlifting group had an encounter with a health care provider that required cessation or dose modification of weightlifting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the demonstrated efficacy of weightlifting, musculoskeletal injuries and other health problems did occur. Therefore, for the successful translation of this rehabilitative intervention into clinical practice, health and fitness professionals working with breast cancer survivors need the knowledge, skills, and abilities that clarify their scope of practice to address these health care needs.
authors: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: Justin C
authors: JC
authors: Brown
authors: Andrea B
authors: AB
authors: Troxel
authors: Kathryn H
authors: KH
authors: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012306:Risk; D017741:Survivors