title: Fermentable fibers do not affect satiety or food intake by women who do not practice restrained eating.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fiber is thought to enhance satiety, although not all fibers are equally effective. Colonic fermentation may influence satiety and food intake.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the satiating properties of four isolated fibers added to chocolate crisp bars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within-subject preload design with repeated measures. Each participant completed five conditions, presented in random order.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 22 adult women who do not practice restrained eating (body mass index 18 to 29).
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental conditions were four fiber treatments: 10 g oligofructose, inulin, soluble corn fiber, or resistant wheat starch in chocolate crisp bars. A no-added-fiber bar was evaluated as the control. The night before each treatment, participants consumed a dinner bar containing 10 g of the same fiber given the next morning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated ratings of feelings related to hunger and fullness at the lunch meal were the main measures. Secondary outcomes included breath hydrogen and methane, gastrointestinal symptoms, energy consumed at an ad libitum lunch, and energy from 24-hour dietary recall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed-effect linear models with random intercept for participants to model within-subject correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatments were well tolerated. No differences were found in subjective satiety during the morning or food intake at lunch or over 24 hours. The oligofructose bar produced the greatest increase in breath hydrogen, and the most bloating and flatulence symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional fibers incorporated into chocolate bars at high fiber doses produce greater gastrointestinal symptoms than control, but do not alter satiety, hunger, or food intake compared with control in the short term.
authors: Melinda
authors: M
authors: Karalus
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Clark
authors: Kathryn A
authors: KA
authors: Greaves
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Thomas
authors: Zata
authors: Z
authors: Vickers
authors: Megumi
authors: M
authors: Kuyama
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Slavin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005414:Flatulence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis; D007444:Inulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014908:Triticum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D003313:Zea mays / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C120489:oligofructose; D006859:Hydrogen; D007444:Inulin