title: Lateral laryngopharyngeal diverticula: a videofluoroscopic study of laryngopharyngeal wall in wind instrumentalists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper analyze healthy musicians who play wind instruments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify possible diverticular formations on the laryngopharyngeal wall produced by pharyngeal overpressure during the use of these instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through a videofluoroscopic method, 22 professional musicians had their pharynx analyzed in frontal face and profile, by swallowing 20 mL of barium sulfate solution and blowing against resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the volunteers showed lateral laryngopharyngeal diverticula (3 unilateral and 19 bilateral) with areas ranging from 0.7 to 6 cm². Trumpet and clarinet players showed larger diverticula, on both the right and left sides. Any important complaints were noted spontaneously or after questions. In the barium-swallow analyses, the 41 diverticula previously identified in the blowing tests were not seen or appeared to be smaller, because of the free flux passage from the pharynx to the esophagus. Despite the existence of the other, less resistant areas on the laryngopharyngeal segment, no other protrusions could be found in this group of wind instrumentalists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lateral laryngopharyngeal diverticula that occur in blow instrumentalists is distinct of diverticula produced by laryngopharyngeal overpressure determined by abnormally high resistance to flux passage from pharynx to esophagus. In musicians is the persistent and continuous pharyngeal overpressure induced by the resistance of the instrument's mouthpiece will strongly distend the anatomically less resistant areas of the pharynx, producing a large protrusion. Laryngopharyngeal overpressure without abnormal resistance to flux passage explain the way blow instrumentalists protrusions did not appear as full sacs in a barium-swallow test, despite their larger dimensions. As final conclusion the musician-acquired diverticula must be considered as an "occupational overuse syndrome".
authors: Laboratory of Digestive Motility and Videofluoroscopy of Biomedical Science Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. mcosta@acd.ufrj.br
authors: Milton Melciades Barbosa
authors: MM
authors: Costa
authors: Fátima Lago
authors: FL
authors: Alvite
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016672:Zenker Diverticulum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*