title: Are environmental exposures to selenium, heavy metals, and pesticides risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
abstract: The etiology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of this degenerative disease of the motor neurons, is still unknown, despite extensive investigation of several genetic and environmental potential risk factors. We have reviewed laboratory and epidemiological studies assessing the role of exposure to neurotoxic chemicals (metalloid selenium; heavy metals mercury, cadmium, and lead; pesticides) in ALS etiology by summarizing the results of these investigations and examining their strengths and limitations. Despite limitations in the exposure assessment methodologies typically used in human studies, we found suggestive epidemiological evidence and biologic plausibility for an association between ALS and antecedent overexposure to environmental selenium and pesticides. The relation with mercury, cadmium, and lead appears weaker.
authors: CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. marco.vinceti@unimore.it
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Vinceti
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Bottecchi
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Fan
authors: Yoram
authors: Y
authors: Finkelstein
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Mandrioli
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007855:Lead Poisoning; D008630:Mercury Poisoning; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010575:Pesticides; D002104:Cadmium; D012643:Selenium