title: Tetradian oscillation of estrogen receptor α is necessary to prevent liver lipid deposition.
abstract: In the liver of female mice, the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor (ER) α oscillates in phase with the 4-d-long estrous cycle. Here systemic, genome-wide analysis demonstrates that ER tetradian oscillation is necessary to generate pulses of expression in genes for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. This ER-dependent metabolic programming changes with pregnancy and after cessation of ovarian function due to age or surgical menopause, suggesting that ER signaling is optimized to coordinate liver functions with the energetic requirements of each reproductive stage. Alterations of amplitude and frequency of the tetradian cycle, as observed after surgical menopause, age, or specific ablation of the hepatic Igf-1 gene, are associated with liver fat deposition. Appropriate hormone replacement therapy reinstating the oscillatory activity of liver ER prevents the effect of surgical menopause on fat deposition in liver.
authors: Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological Sciences,  University of Milan, 20133 Milan,  Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Villa
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Della Torre
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Stell
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Cook
authors: Myles
authors: M
authors: Brown
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Maggi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010507:Periodicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005227:Fatty Acids; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol