title: 2012 Update:  World Allergy Organization Guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The World Allergy Organization (WAO) Guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis published in early 2011 provide a global perspective on patient risk factors, triggers, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of anaphylaxis. In this 2012 Update, subsequently published, clinically relevant research in these areas is reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient risk factors and co-factors that amplify anaphylaxis have been documented in prospective studies. The global perspective on the triggers of anaphylaxis has expanded. The clinical criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis that are promulgated in the Guidelines have been validated. Some aspects of anaphylaxis treatment have been prospectively studied. Novel investigations of self-injectable epinephrine for treatment of anaphylaxis recurrences in the community have been performed. Progress has been made with regard to measurement of specific IgE to allergen components (component-resolved testing) that might help to distinguish clinical risk of future anaphylactic episodes to an allergen from asymptomatic sensitization to the allergen. New strategies for immune modulation to prevent food-induced anaphylaxis and new insights into subcutaneous immunotherapy to prevent venom-induced anaphylaxis have been described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research highlighted in this Update strengthens the evidence-based recommendations for assessment, management, and prevention of anaphylaxis made in the WAO Anaphylaxis Guidelines.
authors: Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. lmcniven@hsc.mb.ca
authors: F Estelle R
authors: FE
authors: Simons
authors: Ledit R F
authors: LR
authors: Ardusso
authors: M Beatrice
authors: MB
authors: Bilò
authors: Vesselin
authors: V
authors: Dimov
authors: Motohiro
authors: M
authors: Ebisawa
authors: Yehia M
authors: YM
authors: El-Gamal
authors: Dennis K
authors: DK
authors: Ledford
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Lockey
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Ring
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Sanchez-Borges
authors: Gian Enrico
authors: GE
authors: Senna
authors: Aziz
authors: A
authors: Sheikh
authors: Bernard Y
authors: BY
authors: Thong
authors: Margitta
authors: M
authors: Worm
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000633:toxicity; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014688:Venoms / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014688:Venoms; D004837:Epinephrine