title: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 as a surrogate sensor of retroviral infection in human cells.
abstract: The toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 has been shown to sense the retroviral infection. However, a surrogate sensor has been implicated. We examined whether retrovirus serves as a TLR3 ligand in human cells by utilizing cell lines LNCaP and PC-3 lacking TLR7, and the xenotropic murine leukemia virus-relamoted virus (XMRV) insensitive to human tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) 5, a newly characterized pattern recognition receptor (PRR). A dominant-negative TLR3 or a chemical inhibitor of TLR3 attenuated the XMRV-induced IP-10/CXCL10 expression, a marker of TLR3 response. These data clearly indicated that retroviral infection exemplified by XMRV activates the TLR3 signal in human cells.
authors: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
authors: Kosuke
authors: K
authors: Miyauchi
authors: Emiko
authors: E
authors: Urano
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Takeda
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Murakami
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Okada
authors: Kui
authors: K
authors: Cheng
authors: Hang
authors: H
authors: Yin
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Kubo
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Komano
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000276:immunology*; D058008:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C495344:TLR3 protein, human; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3