title: Triiodothyronine supplementation and cytokines during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Triiodothyronine Supplementation in Infants and Children Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass (TRICC) study demonstrated a shortened time to extubation in children younger than 5 months old undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart surgery with triiodothyronine supplementation. Cardiopulmonary bypass precipitates a systemic inflammatory response that affects recovery, and triiodothyronine is related to cytokine mediators of inflammation. We sought to investigate the preoperative cytokine levels by age and relationship to the triiodothyronine levels and to examine the effect of the cytokine levels on the time to extubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured 6 cytokines at preoperative time 0 and 6 and 24 hours after crossclamp removal in 76 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preoperative cytokine levels were related to both the triiodothyronine levels and the patient age. The postoperative cytokine levels were predictive of the triiodothyronine levels at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours. Preoperative CCL4 was associated with an increased chance of early extubation. Inclusion of the cytokines did not change the relationship of triiodothyronine to the time to extubation, and the postoperative course of interleukin-6 was independently associated with a decreased chance of early extubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative and postoperative cytokine levels, in particular, interleukin-1β, showed complex time-dependent relationships with triiodothyronine. The data suggest that cytokine-mediated suppression of triiodothyronine plays an important role in determining the clinical outcome after cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors: Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Priest
authors: April
authors: A
authors: Slee
authors: Aaron K
authors: AK
authors: Olson
authors: Dolena
authors: D
authors: Ledee
authors: Fionnuala
authors: F
authors: Morrish
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Portman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D060666:Airway Extubation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014284:Triiodothyronine