title: An updated view on tuberculous lymphadenitis in the context of HIV epidemic as well as multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An updated view on tuberculous lymphadenitis was presented in this paper.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article describes tuberculous lymphadenitis as the most common presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and reviews its epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment methods. The role of surgical procedures was also underlined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since the 1990's, the incidence and severity of tuberculosis - particularly the prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis - are increasing internationally, mainly due to the HIV epidemic and the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains. Hence, tuberculosis is once again a serious global problem not only in the developing countries of Africa or South East Asia, but also in highly-developed communities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The latest data suggest that tuberculosis should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for all neck lymph node involvements, even in the absence of pulmonary involvement, in HIV-positive patients. If the otolaryngologist maintains a high index of suspicion, an early diagnosis can be made to contribute to more successful outcome of the disease.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Mrówka-Kata
authors: Grzegorz
authors: G
authors: Namysłowski
authors: Eugeniusz
authors: E
authors: Czecior
authors: Paweł
authors: P
authors: Sowa
authors: Jadwiga
authors: J
authors: Iwańska
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D058872:Epidemics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*