title: Septic tularemia in 2 cottontop tamarins(Sanguinus oedipus).
abstract: Two captive cottontop tamarins (Sanguinus oedipus) died within 5 d of each other from systemic infection by Francisella tularensis (tularemia). One tamarin experienced mild clinical signs, including malaise, anorexia, and a mucoid nasal discharge for 4 d before death,  whereas the other experienced a more rapid progression of disease that lasted less than 24 h. Differential diagnoses included gram-negative septicemia by an organism such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, or Yersinia; protozoal infection such as Toxoplasma gondii  or an acute viral infection such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis. F. tularensis infection was identified by F. tularensis-specific PCR in both primates. Possible sources of infection include aerosol, biting arthropod vectors, and transmission via a rodent reservoir. This case  report highlights the importance of tularemia as a differential diagnosis in acute febrile illness in captive nonhuman primates.
authors: Virginia Zoo, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. aguthrie0665@gmail.com
authors: Amanda L
authors: AL
authors: Guthrie
authors: Katherine L
authors: KL
authors: Gailbreath
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Cienava
authors: Daniel S
authors: DS
authors: Bradway
authors: Juan F
authors: JF
authors: Munoz Gutierrez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix / Q000382:microbiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D014406:Tularemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission*