title: Characterization of clinical study populations by race and ethnicity in biomedical literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The importance of race and ethnicity in biomedical research has long been a subject of debate, recently heightened by data revealed by the completion of the sequencing of the human genome and the mapping of human genetic variation. We aimed to determine whether and how the reporting of race has changed over the last three decades and how the practice may differ given study location, where the journal of publication is based, and decade of publication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a sample of studies published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet, and the Canadian Medical Association Journal from 1980 to 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of articles that reported race by journal and decade and the descriptors used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1867 articles analyzed, 17.30% reported race. The reporting of race and number of populations reported increased over time for all three journals. In addition, the diversity of race/ethnicity descriptors increased, with increased use of race/ethnicity combinations and nationality of research subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though it has increased over the past few decades, the reporting of race/ethnicity of study populations is relatively low, ambiguous and inconsistent, likely influenced by the uncertain relevance of these variables to the study's outcomes, study location, researcher views, and the policies of journals and funding agencies. Thus, due to the inconsistent and ambiguous practice of reporting race/ethnicity, comparison of study outcomes can result in misleading conclusions. Improvements in standardization of terms and new approaches to characterize research participants related to race/ethnicity are imperative.
authors: Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
authors: Priyanka
authors: P
authors: Kanakamedala
authors: Susanne B
authors: SB
authors: Haga
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D035843:Biomedical Research; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011642:Publications; D044469:Racial Groups