title: Time-dependence of lung injury in mice acutely exposed to cylindrospermopsin.
abstract: Cylindrospermopsin is a cyanobacterial toxin of increasing environmental importance, as it can lead to disease if orally or intravenously absorbed. However, its in vivo lung impairment has not been documented. Thus, we aimed at verifying whether cylindrospermopsin can induce lung injury and establish its putative dependence on the time elapsed since exposure. BALB/c mice were intratracheally injected with either saline (NaCl 0.9%, 50 μL, SAL group, n = 12) or a sublethal dose (70 μg/kg) of semi-purified extract of cylindrospermopsin (CYN groups, n = 52). Lung mechanics, histological and biochemical analyses, and cylindrospermopsin presence in lungs and liver were determined in independent groups at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 96 h after cylindrospermopsin instillation. There was a significant increase in static elastance at 24 and 48 h after exposure to cylindrospermopsin, while viscoelastic component of elastance and viscoelastic pressure rose at 48 h. Alveolar collapse augmented in CYN groups at 8 h. A significant increase in polymorphonuclear influx into lung parenchyma, as well as a higher myeloperoxidase activity started off at 24 h. Exposure to cylindrospermopsin increased lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity and reduced catalase activity in CYN groups. The toxin was detected in lungs and liver of all CYN mice. In conclusion, cylindrospermopsin exposure impaired lung mechanics, which was preceded by lung parenchyma inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors: Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: V R
authors: VR
authors: Oliveira
authors: G M C
authors: GM
authors: Carvalho
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Avila
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Soares
authors: S M F O
authors: SM
authors: Azevedo
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Ferreira
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Valença
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Faffe
authors: Walter Araujo
authors: WA
authors: Zin
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase