title: Swimming exercise prevents fibrogenesis in chronic kidney disease by inhibiting the myofibroblast transdifferentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The renal function of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may be improved by a number of rehabilitative mechanisms. Swimming exercise training was supposed to be beneficial to its recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doxorubicin-induced CKD (DRCKD) rat model was performed. Swimming training was programmed three days per week, 30 or 60 min per day for a total period of 11 weeks. Serum biochemical and pathological parameters were examined. In DRCKD, hyperlipidemia was observed. Active mesangial cell activation was evidenced by overexpression of PDGFR, P-PDGFR, MMP-2, MMP-9, α-SMA, and CD34 with a huge amount collagen deposition. Apparent myofibroblast transdifferentiation implicating fibrogenesis in the glomerular mesangium, glomerulonephritis and glomeruloscelorosis was observed with highly elevated proteinuria and urinary BUN excretion. The 60-min swimming exercise but not the 30 min equivalent rescued most of the symptoms. To quantify the effectiveness of exercise training, a physical parameter, i.e. "the strenuosity coefficient" or "the myokine releasing coefficient", was estimated to be 7.154 × 10(-3) pg/mL-J.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 60-min swimming exercise may ameliorate DRCKD by inhibiting the transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts in the glomerular mesangium. Moreover, rehabilitative exercise training to rescue CKD is a personalized remedy. Benefits depend on the duration and strength of exercise, and more importantly, on the individual physiological condition.
authors: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. misspeng@ms2.hinet.net
authors: Chiung-Chi
authors: CC
authors: Peng
authors: Kuan-Chou
authors: KC
authors: Chen
authors: Chiu-Lan
authors: CL
authors: Hsieh
authors: Robert Y
authors: RY
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D015415:Biomarkers; D004317:Doxorubicin