title: Evaluating the diagnostic and chemotherapeutic potential of vancomycin-derived imaging conjugates.
abstract: The main use of glycopeptide antibiotics is treatment of infections which are resistant to the commonly used β- lactam antibiotics. Antitumor activity has also been reported for some glycopeptide antibiotics like bleomycin. In the present study we investigated the chemotherapeutic and diagnostic potential of two imaging agent derivatives of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. For the first conjugate, vancomycin was coupled to the fluorescent dye rhodamine, used in confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The second conjugate consisted of vancomycin coupled to gadolinium-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (GdDOTA), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The cellular uptake, specificity, and the accessibility by imaging methods of the two vancomycin conjugates was evaluated on 8 human cell lines (one benign, 7 malignant) by CLSM, FACS, and MRI experiments. Cytotoxicity of both vancomycin conjugates was determined in the FACS experiments with the annexin test indicating disrupted cell membranes. Some of the malignant cell lines showed clearly stronger uptake than the others and the benign cell line was among the cell lines with the lowest uptake. In the annexin test the cytotoxicity could be correlated to the conjugate uptake for all cell lines. The intracellular uptake of the vancomycin conjugates and the increased uptake into some of the malignant cell lines were interesting findings which should be further pursued.
authors: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. sumblafarooq@yahoo.com
authors: Sumbla
authors: S
authors: Sheikh
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Sturzu
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Klose
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Echner
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Deeg
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Nägele
authors: Marius
authors: M
authors: Horger
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Schwentner
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Ernemann
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Voelter
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Heckl
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D014640:Vancomycin