title: Assessment of echocardiography and biomarkers for the extended prediction of cardiotoxicity in patients treated with anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because cancer patients survive longer, the impact of cardiotoxicity associated with the use of cancer treatments escalates. The present study investigates whether early alterations of myocardial strain and blood biomarkers predict incident cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer during treatment with anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one women with newly diagnosed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer, treated with anthracyclines followed by taxanes and trastuzumab were enrolled to be evaluated every 3 months during their cancer therapy (total of 15 months) using echocardiograms and blood samples. Left ventricular ejection fraction, peak systolic longitudinal, radial, and circumferential myocardial strain were calculated. Ultrasensitive troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and the interleukin family member (ST2) were also measured. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased (64 ± 5% to 59 ± 6%; P<0.0001) over 15 months. Twenty-six patients (32%, [22%-43%]) developed cardiotoxicity as defined by the Cardiac Review and Evaluation Committee Reviewing Trastuzumab; of these patients, 5 (6%, [2%-14%]) had symptoms of heart failure. Peak systolic longitudinal myocardial strain and ultrasensitive troponin I measured at the completion of anthracyclines treatment predicted the subsequent development of cardiotoxicity; no significant associations were observed for left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and ST2. Longitudinal strain was <19% in all patients who later developed heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab, systolic longitudinal myocardial strain and ultrasensitive troponin I measured at the completion of anthracyclines therapy are useful in the prediction of subsequent cardiotoxicity and may help guide treatment to avoid cardiac side-effects.
authors: Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Heloisa
authors: H
authors: Sawaya
authors: Igal A
authors: IA
authors: Sebag
authors: Juan Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Plana
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Januzzi
authors: Bonnie
authors: B
authors: Ky
authors: Timothy C
authors: TC
authors: Tan
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Cohen
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Banchs
authors: Joseph R
authors: JR
authors: Carver
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Wiegers
authors: Randolph P
authors: RP
authors: Martin
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Picard
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Gerszten
authors: Elkan F
authors: EF
authors: Halpern
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Passeri
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Kuter
authors: Marielle
authors: M
authors: Scherrer-Crosbie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009656:North America; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D000068878:Trastuzumab; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015415:Biomarkers; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043823:Taxoids; D019210:Troponin I; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000068878:Trastuzumab