title: Characteristics of novel root-end filling material using epoxy resin and Portland cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and cytotoxicity of a novel root-end filling material (EPC) which is made from epoxy resin and Portland cement as a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) substitute.
  
  
  METHODS
  EPC, developed as a root-end filling material, was compared with MTA and a mixture of AH Plus sealer and MTA (AMTA) with regard to the setting time, radio-opacity, and microleakage. Setting times were evaluated using Vicat apparatus. Digital radiographs were taken to evaluate the aluminium equivalent radio-opacity using an aluminium step wedge. Extracted single-rooted teeth were used for leakage test using methylene blue dye. After canal shaping and obturation, the apical 3-mm root was resected, and a root-end cavity with a depth of 3 mm was prepared. The root-end cavities were filled with MTA, AMTA, and EPC for 15 specimens in each of three groups. After setting in humid conditions for 24 h, the specimens were tested for apical leakage. For evaluation of the biocompatibility of EPC, cell (human gingival fibroblast) viability was compared for MTA and Portland cement by MTT assay, and cell morphological changes were compared for MTA and AH Plus by fluorescence microscopy using DAPI and F-actin staining. The setting time, radio-opacity, and microleakage were compared using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc comparison, and the cytotoxicity was compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Statistical significance was set at 95%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPC had a shorter setting time and less microleakage compared with MTA (p < 0.05). EPC showed 5-mm aluminium thickness radio-opacity and similar biocompatibility to MTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, EPC, a novel composite made from a mixture of epoxy resin and Portland cement, was found to be a useful material for root-end filling, with favourable radio-opacity, short setting time, low microleakage, and clinically acceptable low cytotoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel root-end filling material would be a potentially useful material for a surgical endodontic procedure with favourable properties.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-787, South Korea.
authors: Sang-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Chung
authors: Hee-Sam
authors: HS
authors: Na
authors: Eun-Joo
authors: EJ
authors: Park
authors: Hyo-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Jeon
authors: Hyeon-Cheol
authors: HC
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003738:Dental Cements; D003763:Dental Leakage; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005971:Glutamates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D000068437:Pemetrexed; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003738:Dental Cements; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005971:Glutamates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C472247:accelerated Portland cement; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; D000068437:Pemetrexed; D006147:Guanine