title: Pathology of spontaneous air sacculitis in 37 baboons and seven chimpanzees and a brief review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Air sacculitis is an important clinical condition in non-human primates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 37 baboons and seven chimpanzees with spontaneous air sacculitis submitted to pathology over a 20-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Air sacculitis was observed almost exclusively in males. Common reported signs were halitosis, coughing, nasal discharges, depression, anorexia, and weight loss. Gross lesions included thickened air sacs and suppurative exudate lining the walls. Microscopic lesions included marked epithelial hyperplasia or hypertrophy, necrosis, fibrosis, cellular infiltrates, and bacterial colonies. Mixed bacterial infections were more common than infections by single species of bacteria. Streptococcus sp. was the most frequent bacteria isolated in both baboons and chimpanzees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report describing the gross and microscopic lesions of air sacculitis in chimpanzees. The preponderance of males suggests a male sex predilection in baboons.
authors: Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
authors: Shyamesh
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Fox
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Owston
authors: Gene B
authors: GB
authors: Hubbard
authors: Edward J
authors: EJ
authors: Dick
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010215:Papio; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies