title: Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in food crops.
abstract: Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound commonly found in biosolids. Thus, plants grown in biosolids-amended soil may be exposed to TCS. We evaluated the plant toxicity and accumulation potential of biosolids-borne TCS in two vegetables (lettuce and radish) and a pasture grass (bahia grass). Vegetables were grown in growth chambers and grass in a greenhouse. Biosolids-amended soil had TCS concentrations of 0.99, 5.9, and 11 mg/kg amended soil. These TCS concentrations represent typical biosolids containing concentrations of 16 mg TCS/kg applied at agronomic rates for 6 to 70 consecutive years, assuming no TCS loss. Plant yields (dry wt) were not reduced at any TCS concentration and the no observed effect concentration was 11 mg TCS/kg soil for all plants. Significantly greater TCS accumulated in the below-ground biomass than in the above-ground biomass. The average bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were 0.43 ± 0.38 in radish root, 0.04 ± 0.04 in lettuce leaves, 0.004 ± 0.002 in radish leaves, and <0.001 in bahia grass. Soybean (grain) and corn (leaves) grown in our previous field study where soil TCS concentrations were lower (0.04-0.1 mg/kg) had BAF values of 0.06 to 0.16. Based on the data, we suggest a conservative first approximate BAF value of 0.4 for risk assessment in plants.
authors: Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors: Manmeet W
authors: MW
authors: Pannu
authors: Gurpal S
authors: GS
authors: Toor
authors: George A
authors: GA
authors: O'Connor
authors: Patrick C
authors: PC
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018533:Biomass; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D031781:Paspalum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D031224:Raphanus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism; D014260:Triclosan / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014260:Triclosan