title: Mini-screw implant or transpalatal arch-mediated anchorage reinforcement during canine retraction: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare mesial movement of upper first molars during maxillary canine retraction using a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance provided by anchorage reinforcement and a transpalatal arch or mini-screw implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a cohort of subjects requiring the extraction of both upper first premolars and pre-adjusted edgewise appliances to correct their malocclusion, a total of 30 were randomly allocated to receive two different forms of anchorage reinforcement: group A--receiving mini-screw implant and group B--receiving a transpalatal arch Group A subjects received titanium mini-screw implants placed at the start of treatment between the maxillary second premolar and maxillary first molar. Maxillary second premolars were secured to the mini-screw implants using of 0.010-inch stainless steel ligature wire. Group B subjects received a custom-made transpalatal arch which was soldered to maxillary first molar bands. Active canine retraction was initiated in both groups on placement of a 0.019×0.025-inch stainless steel archwire using nickel titanium closed coil springs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesial movement of the upper first molars as measured on pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral skull radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that in group A the mean mesial movement of the first molars between T1 and T2 was 0.0 mm (SD 0.02; P = 0.90), whereas in Group B there was a mean forward movement of the first maolars of 2.48 mm (SD 0.71; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this trial, mini-screw implants placed prior to levelling and aligning were able to provide absolute anchorage during maxillary canine retraction, in contrast to a transpalatal arch.
authors: Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharastra, India. dr.ms16@gmail.coms
authors: Mohit
authors: M
authors: Sharma
authors: Vineet
authors: V
authors: Sharma
authors: Bharat
authors: B
authors: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium