title: Proinflammatory effects of C-Peptide in different tissues.
abstract: Atherosclerosis is well known as an inflammatory disease that can lead to clinical complications such as heart attack or stroke. C-peptide as a cleavage product of proinsulin is in the last few decades known as an active peptide with a number of different effects on microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with insulin resistance and early type 2 diabetes show elevated levels of C-peptide in blood. Several last findings demonstrated deposition of C-peptide in the vessel wall in ApoE-deficient mice and induction of local inflammation. Besides that, C-peptide has proliferative effects on human mesangial cells. This review discusses recently published proinflammatory effects of C-peptide in different tissues.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Alle 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors: Dusica
authors: D
authors: Vasic
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Walcher