title: Binder syndrome.
abstract: Patients with chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) usually present with Binder-type features, and often CDP is misdiagnosed as Binder syndrome. This study reviewed the management and outcome of patients with Binder syndrome and CDP in a multidisciplinary setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The notes and radiographs of the patients managed at the Australian Craniofacial Unit with a multidisciplinary setting since 1976 were reviewed, and data were collected on patient demographics, associated medical and surgical problems, subsequent management, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-seven patients were treated over the 30-year period (5 patients were lost to follow-up); of the remaining 72 patients, 60 (83%) had Binder syndrome, and 12 (17%) were patients with CDP. Forty were males, and 32 were females, with an age range of 6 months to 47 years. Thirteen patients (18%) had a strong family history, and 65 patients (90%) have so far undergone surgical correction, and of those, 35 (54%) have completed their treatment, the longest follow-up time being 18 years. The mean number of surgical procedures was 2.4, and 18 patients (28%) had postoperative complications, which included partial necrosis of the maxilla, osteomyelitis of the mandible, facial nerve and inferior alveolar nerve neuropraxia, nasal bone graft exposure, and cellulitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the phenotypic characteristics shared by both Binder syndrome and CDP, it is most likely that Binder syndrome is not a syndrome, nor is it an entity, but most likely to be an "association." We would advocate that these patients should be managed in a multidisciplinary setting.
authors: Department of Plastic Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom. shaheelchummun@hotmail.com
authors: Shaheel
authors: S
authors: Chummun
authors: N R
authors: NR
authors: McLean
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nugent
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Anderson
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: David
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002806:Chondrodysplasia Punctata / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D019767:Maxillofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D010641:Phenotype; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome