title: Sublingual immunization with a live attenuated influenza a virus lacking the nonstructural protein 1 induces broad protective immunity in mice.
abstract: The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus (IAV) enables the virus to disarm the host cell type 1 IFN defense system. Mutation or deletion of the NS1 gene leads to attenuation of the virus and enhances host antiviral response making such live-attenuated influenza viruses attractive vaccine candidates. Sublingual (SL) immunization with live influenza virus has been found to be safe and effective for inducing protective immune responses in mucosal and systemic compartments. Here we demonstrate that SL immunization with NS1 deleted IAV (DeltaNS1 H1N1 or DeltaNS1 H5N1) induced protection against challenge with homologous as well as heterosubtypic influenza viruses. Protection was comparable with that induced by intranasal (IN) immunization and was associated with high levels of virus-specific antibodies (Abs). SL immunization with DeltaNS1 virus induced broad Ab responses in mucosal and systemic compartments and stimulated immune cells in mucosa-associated and systemic lymphoid organs. Thus, SL immunization with DeltaNS1 offers a novel potential vaccination strategy for the control of influenza outbreaks including pandemics.
authors: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hae-Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: Boris
authors: B
authors: Ferko
authors: Young-Ho
authors: YH
authors: Byun
authors: Joo-Hye
authors: JH
authors: Song
authors: Gye-Yeong
authors: GY
authors: Han
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Roethl
authors: Andrej
authors: A
authors: Egorov
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Muster
authors: Baiklin
authors: B
authors: Seong
authors: Mi-Na
authors: MN
authors: Kweon
authors: Manki
authors: M
authors: Song
authors: Cecil
authors: C
authors: Czerkinsky
authors: Huan H
authors: HH
authors: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins