title: CTD tyrosine phosphorylation impairs termination factor recruitment to RNA polymerase II.
abstract: In different phases of the transcription cycle, RNA polymerase (Pol) II recruits various factors via its C-terminal domain (CTD), which consists of conserved heptapeptide repeats with the sequence Tyr(1)-Ser(2)-Pro(3)-Thr(4)-Ser(5)-Pro(6)-Ser(7). We show that the CTD of transcribing yeast Pol II is phosphorylated at Tyr(1), in addition to Ser(2), Thr(4), Ser(5), and Ser(7). Tyr(1) phosphorylation stimulates binding of elongation factor Spt6 and impairs recruitment of termination factors Nrd1, Pcf11, and Rtt103. Tyr(1) phosphorylation levels rise downstream of the transcription start site and decrease before the polyadenylation site, largely excluding termination factors from gene bodies. These results show that CTD modifications trigger and block factor recruitment and lead to an extended CTD code that explains transcription cycle coordination on the basis of differential phosphorylation of Tyr(1), Ser(2), and Ser(5).
authors: Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Mayer
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Heidemann
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Lidschreiber
authors: Amelie
authors: A
authors: Schreieck
authors: Mai
authors: M
authors: Sun
authors: Corinna
authors: C
authors: Hintermair
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Kremmer
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Eick
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Cramer
mesh_terms: D020134:Catalytic Domain; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D010454:Peptide Termination Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010454:Peptide Termination Factors; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; D014443:Tyrosine; D011494:Protein Kinases; C060137:carboxy-terminal domain kinase; D012319:RNA Polymerase II