title: Specific absorption rate intersubject variability in 7T parallel transmit MRI of the head.
abstract: Patient-specific radiofrequency shimming in high-field MRI strengthens the need for online, patient-specific specific absorption rate (SAR) monitoring. Numerical simulation is currently most effective for this purpose but may require a patient-specific dielectric model. To investigate whether a generic model may be combined with a safety factor to account for variation within the population, generic SAR behavior is studied for 7T MRI of the head. For six detailed head models, radiofrequency fields were simulated for an eight-channel parallel transmit array. SAR behavior is studied through comparison of the eigenvalues/eigenvectors of the local Q-matrices. Furthermore, numerical radiofrequency shimming experiments without and with SAR constraints were performed where SAR during optimization was evaluated on a generic model. In both cases, the ability of different generic models to predict actual SAR levels was evaluated. The largest eigenvalue distribution is comparable between models. Radiofrequency shimming without constraints improves the |B +1| homogeneity while the SAR increases substantially. Imposing constraints on SAR during optimization, estimating SAR on a generic model, was effective. A safety factor of 1.4 was found to be sufficient. Generic SAR behavior makes a generic head model a practical alternative to patient-specific models and allows effective |B +1| shimming with SAR constraints.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.degreef@umcutrecht.nl
authors: Martijn
authors: M
authors: de Greef
authors: Ozlem
authors: O
authors: Ipek
authors: Alexander J E
authors: AJ
authors: Raaijmakers
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Crezee
authors: Cornelis A T
authors: CA
authors: van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001822:Body Burden; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*