title: Glutamine modulates sepsis-induced changes to intestinal intraepithelial γδT lymphocyte expression in mice.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of glutamine (GLN) on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) γδT-cell cytokines and immune regulatory factor gene expressions in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis. Mice were randomly assigned to a normal group, a sepsis with saline (SS) group, or a sepsis with GLN (SG) group. All mice were fed a chow diet. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The SS group was injected with saline, and the SG group was given 0.75 g GLN/kg body weight once via a tail vein 1 h after CLP. Septic mice were killed 12 h after CLP, and IEL γδT cells of the animals were isolated for further analysis. Results showed that compared with normal mice, sepsis resulted in lower IEL γδT-cell percentage and higher messenger RNA expressions of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt, and complement 5a receptor by IEL γδT cells. These immunomodulatory mediator genes exhibited decreases, whereas IL-7 receptor expression increased in IEL γδT cells in septic mice with GLN administration. Annexin V/7-amino-actinomycin D stain revealed significantly lower rates of apoptosis, and IEL γδT-cell percentage was higher in the SG group. The histological findings also showed that damage to intestinal epithelial cells was less severe in the SG group. These results indicated that a single dose of GLN administered as treatment after the initiation of sepsis prevented apoptosis of IEL γδT cells and downregulated γδT cell-expressed inflammatory mediators that may consequently ameliorate the severity of sepsis-induced intestinal epithelial injury.
authors: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Wan-Yun
authors: WY
authors: Lee
authors: Ya-Mei
authors: YM
authors: Hu
authors: Tsui-Ling
authors: TL
authors: Ko
authors: Sung-Ling
authors: SL
authors: Yeh
authors: Chiu-Li
authors: CL
authors: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002429:Cecal Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005973:Glutamine