title: Stimulation region within the globus pallidus does not affect verbal fluency performance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subthalamic (STN) and globus pallidus (GP) deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been previously shown to be efficacious in the treatment of selected Parkinson patients with medication resistant motor fluctuations and/or tremor. Deep brain stimulation of the STN has been implicated with more cognitive and mood side effects as compared to GP DBS; however, more studies are needed to better understand possible target differences. Previously, Mikos et al. [1] reported worsening of verbal fluency depending on the stimulation location within the STN region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study applied the methods used by Mikos et al. (2011) to a different sample of Parkinson patients who underwent GP DBS. Based on differences in the size and functional somatotopy between structures (GP 412 mm(3) vs. STN 167 mm(3)), we hypothesized that there would be a less robust relationship between volume of tissue activated, fluency performance, and stimulation contact within the GP compared to what was reported in the STN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-specific DBS models were created and the volume of tissue activated within the GP was calculated. These data were correlated with patients' verbal fluency performance at dorsal, optimal, and ventral stimulation contacts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to STN findings, there was no significant relationship between stimulation location and fluency performance in patients who received GP DBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that fluency may be less sensitive to stimulation location in the globus pallidus and thus there may be more flexibility in terms of DBS programming with GP DBS patients.
authors: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: Jenna
authors: J
authors: Dietz
authors: Angela M
authors: AM
authors: Noecker
authors: Cameron C
authors: CC
authors: McIntyre
authors: Ania
authors: A
authors: Mikos
authors: Dawn
authors: D
authors: Bowers
authors: Kelly D
authors: KD
authors: Foote
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Okun
mesh_terms: D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000502:physiology; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*