title: Immunostimulant, cerebroprotective & nootropic activities of Andrographis paniculata leaves extract in normal & type 2 diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A large number of plants have been recognized to be effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Persistent hyperglycaemia is associated with decreased function of immune system and cerebral ischaemia mainly due to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine for various purposes. In this study the effect of chronic administration (7 days) of methanolic extract of A. paniculata leaves was studied in rats with experimentally induced diabetes, nootropic and immunostimulant activities were evaluated. The effect of acute administration of methanolic extract of A. paniculata leaves was also studied for cerebroprotective activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) + nicotinamide (150 mg/kg). Various biochemical parameters were estimated using standard methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant (P<0.05) increase in cognitive function was observed in both normal and type 2 diabetic rats. Nootropic activity in terms of per cent reduction in latency period was more in type 2 diabetic rats. A significant increase in blood lymphocyte count, splenic lymphocyte count and peritoneal macrophage count was observed in both normal and type 2 diabetic rats. Immunostimulant activity was observed more in type 2 diabetic rats. The per cent decrease in cerebral infarction was more in type 2 diabetic rats when compared to normal rats. The per cent increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels was more in type 2 diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of A. paniculata leaves was evident by decreased tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased SOD levels. These properties may be responsible for the observed cerebroprotective activity. The methanolic leaf extract of A. paniculata showed significant immunostimulant, cerebroprotective and nootropic activities in normal and type 2 diabetic rats.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Radhika
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Annapurna
authors: S Nageswara
authors: SN
authors: Rao
mesh_terms: D035685:Andrographis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007114:Immunization; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009536:Niacinamide; D013311:Streptozocin