title: Supercritical CO₂assisted extraction and LC-MS identification of picroside I and picroside II from Picrorhiza kurroa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Picroside I and picroside II have been studied intensively because of their pharmacological actions and clinical applications. Numerous methods have been reported for extracting picroside I and picroside II from Picrorrhiza. kurroa rhizomes. This is the first report of picroside I and picroside II extraction using the supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction and LC-MS identification of picroside I and picroside II from the Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle rhizomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface response methodology based on 3³ fractional factorial design was used to extract picroside I and picroside II from P. kurroa rhizomes. The effects of various process factors, namely temperature (40-80°C), pressure (25-35 MPa) and co-solvent (methanol) concentration (0-10% v/v) on extraction yield of the two compounds were evaluated. The picroside I and picroside II contents were determined using validated LC-MS methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum yield of picroside I (32.502 ± 1.131 mg/g) and picroside II (9.717 ± 0.382 mg/g) was obtained at the 10% v/v co-solvent concentration, 40°C temperature and 30 MPa pressure. The conventional Soxhlet assisted methanol extract of P. kurroa powder resulted in 36.743 ± 1.75 and 11.251 ± 0.54 mg/g yield of picroside I and picroside II, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation of concentration and extraction time showed a significant effect on the picroside I and picroside II yield. Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction using methanol as a co-solvent is an efficient and environmentally sustainable method for extracting picroside I and picroside II from P. kurroa rhizomes.
authors: Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Department of Chemical Technology, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, MH, India.
authors: Ajit A
authors: AA
authors: Patil
authors: Bhusari S
authors: BS
authors: Sachin
authors: Devanand B
authors: DB
authors: Shinde
authors: Pravin S
authors: PS
authors: Wakte
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D032261:Picrorhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D012997:Solvents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C109270:picroside I; C416837:picroside II; D000432:Methanol