title: A confirmation of sapovirus re-infection gastroenteritis cases with different genogroups and genetic shifts in the evolving sapovirus genotypes, 2002-2011.
abstract: Sapovirus (SaV) is an important pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. Human SaV is highly diverse genetically and is classified into multiple genogroups and genotypes. At present, there is no clear evidence for gastroenteritis cases caused by re-infection with SaV. We found that two individuals were sequentially infected with SaVs of two different genogroups and had gastroenteritis after each infection, although in one of the subsequent cases, both SaV and norovirus were detected. We also found a genetic shift in SaVs from gastroenteritis outpatients in the same geographical location. Our results suggest that protective immunity may be at least genogroup-specific for SaV.
authors: Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: Seiya
authors: S
authors: Harada
authors: Tomoichiro
authors: T
authors: Oka
authors: Eisuke
authors: E
authors: Tokuoka
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Kiyota
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Nishimura
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Shimada
authors: Takehiko
authors: T
authors: Ueno
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Ikezawa
authors: Takaji
authors: T
authors: Wakita
authors: Qiuhong
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: Linda J
authors: LJ
authors: Saif
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Katayama
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D029341:Sapovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity