title: Distinct neural responses used to gain insight into hallucinatory perception in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most patients with schizophrenia suffer from various types of hallucinations, which commonly produce distress, functional disability or behavioral dyscontrol. The neural process of adapting to hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responses to an unusual threatening visual stimulus designed to simulate a hallucinatory experience were compared between 16 patients with schizophrenia and 17 healthy controls. Linear and quadratic repetition-variant as well as repetition-invariant responses to the stimulus were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repetition-invariant responses were similar between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited a linear activation pattern in the anterior cingulate, whereas healthy controls exhibited a parabolic activation pattern in the anterior prefrontal cortex, occipito-temporal junction and amygdala.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide us with a better understanding of the neural processes involved in gaining insight into unreality. Patients with schizophrenia may use a salience-related region instead of reality monitoring-related regions to react to the unusual stimuli, and this peculiarity of the neural processes may be related to vulnerability to psychosis.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Jin
authors: JJ
authors: Kim
authors: Jeonghun
authors: J
authors: Ku
authors: Hyeongrae
authors: H
authors: Lee
authors: Soo Hee
authors: SH
authors: Choi
authors: In Young
authors: IY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen