title: The influence of psychological stress on the rat temporomandibular joint with the application of countermeasures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to provide an experimental theoretical basis for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders by observing the effects of psychological stress and countermeasures on the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed to psychological stress via a communication box and the lateral pterygoid muscle and TMJ were observed with transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α was assessed in control animals and psychological stress (PS) and stress with diazepam (PS+DI) groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transmission electron microscopy of the lateral pterygoid muscle fibers in the PS showed vacuolar changes in the mitochondria, loss of cristae, and reduced matrix density to variable degrees after 1, 3, and 5 wk of stress. After 5 wk stress+recovery, the cristae and matrix were normal in the PS and PS+DI groups. Scanning electron microscopy of PS rats showed some synovial membranes were detached from the surface of the articular disc after 1 wk. After 3 wk, collagen fibers appeared to have wider waves and worn strips changing in size on the articular disc; after 5 wk, the distribution of collagen fibers was distorted. In PS+recovery and PS+DI rats, no obvious changes were observed on the surface of the articular disc after 1 to 5 wk stress. In PS rats, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression increased significantly but was at control levels in the PS+DI and PS+recovery groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counteracting psychological stress can antagonize its effects on the TMJ and provide a reference for the treatment of stress-related temporomandibular disorders.
authors: Department of Stomatology, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, China.
authors: Gaoyi
authors: G
authors: Wu
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Yucheng
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Guoxiong
authors: G
authors: Zhu
authors: Peihuan
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Yanliang
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Yongjin
authors: Y
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha