title: The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on monoamine outflow in the nucleus accumbens shell in freely moving rats.
abstract: Evidence exists that modulation of neuronal activity in nucleus accumbens shell region may re-establish normal function in various neuropsychiatric conditions such as drug-withdrawal, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and chronic pain. Here, we study the effects of acute repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on monoamine outflow in the nucleus accumbens shell in awake and freely moving rats using in vivo microdialysis. To scale the biochemical results to the induced electric field in the rat brain, we obtained a realistic simulation of the stimulation scenario using a finite element model. Applying 20 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in 6 trains of 50 stimuli with 280 μs pulse width at a magnetic field strength of 130% of the individual motor threshold, dopamine as well as serotonin outflow in the nucleus accumbens shell significantly increased compared to sham stimulation. Since the electric field decays rapidly with depth in the rat brain, we can conclude that the modulation in neurotransmitter outflow from the nucleus accumbens shell is presumably a remote effect of cortical stimulation.
authors: Neurochemical Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany. susanne.loeffler@neuro.uni-luebeck.de
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Löffler
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Gasca
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Richter
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Leipscher
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Trillenberg
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Moser
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D009043:Motor Activity; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid