title: (-)-Epicatechin enhances etoposide-induced antileukaemic effect in rats with acute myeloid leukaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  (-)-Epicatechin (EC) is a naturally occurring compound which induces oxidative DNA damage in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine the influence of EC on the antileukaemic effect of etoposide in rats with AML.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brown Norway rats with AML were treated with EC for 23 days and etoposide was administered for the last three days of the experiment. Bone marrow and splenic cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry using annexin V-allophycocyanin staining. The oxidative status was investigated in homogenates of the liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EC was found to increase the in vivo apoptotic effect of etoposide resulting in the decrease of the percentage of leukaemia cells in EC-treated rats in comparison to those treated with etoposide only. Investigation of malondialdehyde and ferric ion-reducing ability of plasma levels indicated that EC increases the oxidative stress induced by etoposide in leukaemic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EC can enhance the antileukaemia properties of etoposide in vivo through augmentation of oxidative stress.
authors: Department of Cytobiology, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland. monika.papiez@uj.edu.pl
authors: Monika A
authors: MA
authors: Papiez
authors: Karolina
authors: K
authors: Bukowska-Straková
authors: Wirginia
authors: W
authors: Krzysciak
authors: Jaroslaw
authors: J
authors: Baran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005047:Etoposide; D002392:Catechin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase