title: Flavonol-containing phosphorylated pullulan may attenuate pulp inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find possible reagents to minimize inflammatory responses by using an established pulpitis models for the purpose of developing new pulp-capping materials, and to test the possible use of phosphorylated pullulan as a carrier for such an anti-inflammatory reagent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Co-culturing was performed using transwell systems. Inflammatory responses were evaluated by measuring cytokines produced by the cells. The effects of two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, as anti-inflammatory reagents, and phosphorylated pullulan, which potentially achieves a sufficient marginal sealing to hydroxyapatite and slowly releases luteolin, as a carrier for flavonoids, were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flavonols, particularly luteolin, dramatically attenuated inflammatory cytokine production, which was augmented by co-cultures. Luteolin was successfully enclosed by phosphorylated pullulan. Finally, it was confirmed that luteolin released from phosphorylated pullulan was effective in reducing cytokine production by co-cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of phosphorylated pullulan and luteolin could be potentially used in the treatment of dental pulp inflammation.
authors: Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yonehiro
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Yoshida
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yamashita
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Yoshizawa
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ohta
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kamata
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Okihara
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008422:Materials Testing; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005419:Flavonoids; D005936:Glucans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C009109:pullulan; D011794:Quercetin; D047311:Luteolin