title: Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood and at-risk mental state in a help-seeking population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence (DUFD-ICA) may have preceded the onset of psychosis by several years and share some co-morbidity with psychotic disorders, but only a few studies have investigated this aspect. We looked for past or current DUFD-ICA in a sample of first adult psychiatric service users assessed for the presence of an at-risk mental state with the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We interviewed with the SIPS 159 first-time help seekers (age range 13-30 years) at adult psychiatric services who volunteered to participate in the study. For psychiatric diagnoses, we used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition-Text Revision. We also assessed retrospectively the presence of DUFD-ICA and administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning. The sample has been subdivided diagnostically into first-episode psychosis, multiple episode psychosis, ultra-high risk (UHR) and other diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk for having one of first-episode psychosis, multiple episode psychosis or UHR was over 3.45 higher in the DUFD-ICA-positive history group than in the non-DUFD-ICA. Grouping the UHR with the not full-blown psychosis cases resulted in a further increase of the risk to 4.71. DUFD-ICA-positive participants scored higher than non-DUFD-ICA on the Positive, Negative and Disorganization scales of the SIPS and on several core-psychotic BPRS items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive history of DUFD-ICA increases the risk of a diagnosis of prodromal or current psychosis at help seeking. Impaired neurodevelopment may be shared among the psychoses and DUFD-ICA.
authors: NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University - Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. anna.comparelli@uniroma1.it
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Comparelli
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Pucci
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Savoja
authors: Giorgio D
authors: GD
authors: Kotzalidis
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Falcone
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Angelone
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Comazzetto
authors: Emanuele
authors: E
authors: Emili
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Rigucci
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Tatarelli
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Girardi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors