title: Study of possible combined toxic effects of azaspiracid-1 and okadaic acid in mice via the oral route.
abstract: Toxins from the okadaic acid (OA) and azaspiracid (AZA) group cause considerable negative health effects in consumers when present in shellfish above certain levels. The main symptoms, dominated by diarrhoea, are caused by damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Even though OA and AZAs exert toxicity via different mechanisms, it is important to find out whether they may enhance the health effects if present together since they act on the same organs and are regulated individually. In this study, the main issue was the possibility of enhanced lethality in mice upon combined oral exposure to OA and AZA1. In addition, pathological effects in several organs and effects on absorption from the GI tract were studied. Although the number of mice was small due to low availability of AZA1, the results indicate no additive or synergistic effect on lethality when AZA1 and OA were given together. Similar lack of increased toxicity was observed concerning pathological effects that were restricted to the GI-tract. OA and AZA1 were absorbed from the GI-tract to a very low degree, and when given together, uptake was reduced. Taken together, these results indicate that the present practice of regulating toxins from the OA and AZA group individually does not present an unwanted increased risk for consumers of shellfish.
authors: Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O.Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway. tore.aune@nvh.no
authors: Tore
authors: T
authors: Aune
authors: Arild
authors: A
authors: Espenes
authors: John A Bunæs
authors: JA
authors: Aasen
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Quilliam
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Hess
authors: Stig
authors: S
authors: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012758:Shellfish; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000473:pathology*; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C406592:azaspiracid; D000095702:Polyether Toxins