title: Reemergence and decline of dengue virus serotype 3 in Puerto Rico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) Indian subcontinent strain emerged in Puerto Rico in 1998 after a 21-year absence. The rapid expansion of DENV-3 on the island correlated with the withdrawal of the other serotypes for 7 years. The DENV-3 prevalence declined in 2008 and remains undetected.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sequenced complete genomes of 92 DENV-3 clinical isolates to characterize the molecular evolution and phylogeography throughout 10 years of continued sampling (1998–2007).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We documented 8 distinct lineages that emerged simultaneously and evolved independently. Two of the 8 lineages were highly associated with transient introductions of foreign viruses, and 2 of the 3 endemic lineages covered the entire study period. We found evidence of temporal-geographical clustering only within the 3 endemic lineages. The phylogeography analysis combined with serotype-specific incidence data showed that transmission of a DENV serotype in a given location and time is usually correlated with the absence of the other serotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows the cotransmission of DENV-3 lineages through a complex dissemination pattern dissimilar to the evolutionary dynamics of the other serotypes in the island. High virus genetic diversity and a large naive population were underlying factors in the expansion and collapse of DENV-3 in Puerto Rico.
authors: Division of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors: Gilberto A
authors: GA
authors: Santiago
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: McElroy-Horne
authors: Niall J
authors: NJ
authors: Lennon
authors: Luis M
authors: LM
authors: Santiago
authors: Bruce W
authors: BW
authors: Birren
authors: Matthew R
authors: MR
authors: Henn
authors: Jorge L
authors: JL
authors: Muñoz-Jordán
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification*; D058872:Epidemics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012703:Serotyping; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral