title: Carnosine prevents necrotic and apoptotic death of rat thymocytes via ouabain-sensitive Na/K-ATPase.
abstract: It is known that ouabain, a selective inhibitor of Na/K-ATPase, not only can cause the activation of signal cascades, which regulate the cell viability, but also can cause the accumulation of free radicals, which can evoke the oxidative stress. We have shown that the nanomolar concentrations of ouabain result in the temporary increase in the level of intracellular free radicals, but the millimolar concentration of ouabain induces a stable intracellular accumulation of free radicals in rat thymocytes. The increasing level of free radicals resulting from both low and high concentrations of ouabain can be attenuated by the antioxidant, carnosine. Moreover, the long-term incubation with ouabain leads to the cell death by necrosis and apoptosis. Ouabain-mediated apoptosis and necrosis were also abolished by carnosine.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. smolyaninovalarisa1@gmail.com
authors: Larisa V
authors: LV
authors: Smolyaninova
authors: Alexander A
authors: AA
authors: Dergalev
authors: Konstantin Y
authors: KY
authors: Kulebyakin
authors: David O
authors: DO
authors: Carpenter
authors: Alexander A
authors: AA
authors: Boldyrev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D002336:Carnosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000187:drug effects*; D060168:Thymocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005609:Free Radicals; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D019335:Nitroarginine; D010042:Ouabain; D002336:Carnosine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase