title: A role for tolerogenic dendritic cell-induced B-regulatory cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the important recent findings on the nature, characteristics and function of novel populations of immunosuppressive B-lymphocytes (Bregs) and their possible role as a regulatory cell population, potentially responsive to dendritic cells, in preventing and possibly controlling type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although almost all of the experimental work in immunosuppressive B-lymphocyte biology has focused on their role in arthritis and experimental inflammatory bowel disease, only recently has a role for Bregs in the regulation of type 1 diabetes been looked at more extensively. IL-10-producing Bregs are of significant interest, more so because of their potential modulation by tolerogenic dendritic cells. Additionally, novel populations have been discovered that could also be relevant in the regulation of diabetes autoimmunity. The unexpected discovery of a novel population of Bregs, whose frequency was upregulated in our phase I clinical trial of tolerogenic autologous dendritic cell administration in humans, opens a new frontier for basic and translational research into these novel cell populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bregs are a recently rediscovered population of suppressive lymphocytes whose activation, differentiation and function could be sensitive to tolerogenic dendritic cell networks. Modulation of these dendritic cell networks, or the Bregs directly, offers novel options to attenuate and reverse type 1 diabetes autoimmunity as a possible cure for the disease.
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Giannoukakis
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Trucco
mesh_terms: D060151:B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10