title: Effect of soybean-lecithin as an enhancer of buccal mucosa absorption of insulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transmucosal delivery is a suitable route for insulin non-injection administration. In order to understand how insulin passes through mucosa with soybean-lecithin as an enhancing absorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  The penetration rate of insulin molecular through porcine buccal mucosa was investigated by measuring transbuccal fluxes in the Ussing Chambers. The imaging morphology of rabbits buccal mucosa was analyzed by using non-contact mode atomic force microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The permeation rate can be increased by co-administration of soybean-lecithin. Untreated buccal mucosa showed relatively smooth surface characteristics, with many small crater-like pits and indentations spread over mucosa surfaces. Buccal mucosa that had been treated with 1.0% (w/v) sodium deoxycholic acid (pH 7.4) appeared to much more indentations characteristic, which treated with 2.5% (w/v) soybean-lecithin (pH 7.4) and 2.5% (w/v) Azone or laurocapram (pH 7.4) appeared rather different, the surface mucosa treated with soybean-lecithin emulsion showed a fine, rippling effect whereas those exposed to Azone display a more coarse, undulating surface feature. As a result of that Azone could damage the surface of the buccal mucosa, but soybean-lecithin could not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that soybean-lecithin is a better and safer enhancer for insulin transmucosal delivery.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan, PR China. tian_weiqun@whu.edu.cn
authors: Weiqun
authors: W
authors: Tian
authors: Qiaolin
authors: Q
authors: Hu
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054709:Lecithins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D054709:Lecithins; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles