title: Novel printed electrode immunosensors for Schistosoma japonicum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the sensitivity and the linear range of electrochemical immunosensor to detect Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) antibody.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carbon inks and silver/silver chloride inks were printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) board to make a two-electrode test strip, where carbon was the working electrode and S. japonicum soluble egg antigen (SEA) was fixed at one end of working electrode by different methods; silver/ silver chloride electrode was used as control. We tested the valency of the antibody by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in an electrochemistry workstation, and conducted comparison with the results of ELISA. Two new immunosensing electrodes have been developed, based on glutaraldehyde cross-linked (GA) or chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked (Chit-GA) transducer fixing S. japonicum antigen. We tested the titer of the antibody by means of CV and DPV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our experimental S. japonicum antigen (50 μg/L) is the optimal test concentration for the GA sensor, and 10 μg/L for Chit-GA sensors. The immune reaction time of both electrodes is all essentially complete in 1 minute. The linear range for S. japonicum antibody in human positive serum sample detection by the glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1:1000 to 1:400, and by the chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1:1000 to 1:500. As the concentration of dilution ratio of S. japonicum antibody in human positive serum sample increased, the test value of DPV increased proportionally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA sensor and Chit-GA cross-linked S. japonicum sensors have high sensitivity and broad linear range response, and both exhibited a good linear relationship between the DPV signal and the test antibody titer.
authors: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410082, China.
authors: Shaohua
authors: S
authors: Zeng
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Tian
authors: Hongli
authors: H
authors: Che
authors: Huihui
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Xiuchun
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Qimei
authors: Q
authors: Feng
authors: Yunfei
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Shuju
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhaoyang
authors: Z
authors: Wu
authors: Shiping
authors: S
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood*; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000737:chemistry; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000276:immunology*; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D018030:Silver Compounds; D002244:Carbon; C037548:silver chloride