title: Triphala (PADMA) extract alleviates bronchial hyperreactivity in a mouse model through liver and spleen immune modulation and increased anti-oxidative effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Triphala (TRP), a herbal extract from Tibetan medicine, has been shown to affect lymphocytes and natural killer T (NKT) cell function. We hypothesize that TRP could ameliorate bronchial hyperreactivity through immune-cell modulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Asthma mouse models were generated through intraperitoneal (IP) injections of ovalbumin (OVA)/2 weeks followed by repeated intranasal OVA challenges. Mice were then treated with normal saline (OVA/NS) or Triphala (OVA/TRP). Data were compared with mice treated with inhaled budesonide. All groups were assessed for allergen-induced hyperreactivity; lymphocytes from lungs, livers and spleens were analyzed for OVA-induced proliferation and their alterations were determined by flow cytometry. Oxidative reactivity using chemiluminescence, serum anti-OVA antibodies level and lung histology were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TRP and budesonide significantly ameliorated functional and histological OVA-induced bronchial hyperreactivity. TRP had no effect on serum anti-OVA antibodies as compared with decreased levels following budesonide treatment. Furthermore, a significant increase in lung and spleen CD4 counts and a decrease in the liver were noted after TRP treatments. Bronchoalveolar fluid from TRP-treated animals but not from the budesonide-treated animals showed anti-oxidative effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRP and budesonide caused a significant decrease in bronchial reactivity. TRP treatment altered immune-cell distributions and showed anti-oxidative properties. These findings suggest that immune-cell modulation with TRP can ameliorate lung injury.
authors: Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors: Amjad
authors: A
authors: Horani
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Shoseyov
authors: Isaac
authors: I
authors: Ginsburg
authors: Rufayda
authors: R
authors: Mruwat
authors: Sarit
authors: S
authors: Doron
authors: Johnny
authors: J
authors: Amer
authors: Rifaat
authors: R
authors: Safadi
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; C520904:triphala; D019819:Budesonide; D010047:Ovalbumin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase