title: The effect of nitric oxide surface flux on the foreign body response to subcutaneous implants.
abstract: Although the release of nitric oxide (NO) from biomaterials has been shown to reduce the foreign body response (FBR), the optimal NO release kinetics and doses remain unknown. Herein, polyurethane-coated wire substrates with varying NO release properties were implanted into porcine subcutaneous tissue for 3, 7, 21 and 42 d. Histological analysis revealed that materials with short NO release durations (i.e., 24 h) were insufficient to reduce the collagen capsule thickness at 3 and 6 weeks, whereas implants with longer release durations (i.e., 3 and 14 d) and greater NO payloads significantly reduced the collagen encapsulation at both 3 and 6 weeks. The acute inflammatory response was mitigated most notably by systems with the longest duration and greatest dose of NO release, supporting the notion that these properties are most critical in circumventing the FBR for subcutaneous biomedical applications (e.g., glucose sensors).
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Scott P
authors: SP
authors: Nichols
authors: Ahyeon
authors: A
authors: Koh
authors: Nga L
authors: NL
authors: Brown
authors: Michael B
authors: MB
authors: Rose
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Sun
authors: Danielle L
authors: DL
authors: Slomberg
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Riccio
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Klitzman
authors: Mark H
authors: MH
authors: Schoenfisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D020007:Implants, Experimental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003094:Collagen