title: The rs12594956 polymorphism in the NRF-2 gene is associated with top-level Spanish athlete's performance status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between the nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2) polymorphisms and elite athletic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the NRF-2 A/C (rs12594956), NRF-2 A/G (rs7181866), and NRF-2 C/T (rs8031031) polymorphisms between world-class endurance athletes (n=89), elite power-oriented athletes (n=38), and non-athletic controls (n=110) of the same Caucasian (Spanish) origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral EDTA-treated, anti-coagulated blood using a standard protocol. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the AA genotype of the NRF-2 A/C (rs12594956) polymorphism was significantly higher in endurance athletes compared with power athletes (P<0.01) and controls (P<0.01) (48% vs. 13% and 21%, respectively). The likelihood of having the AA (rs12594956) genotype was higher in elite endurance athletes compared with controls [odds ratio (OR): 3.536, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.903-6.571] and elite power athletes (OR: 6.170, 95%CI: 2.206-17.253).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the NRF-2 A/C polymorphism might belong to a growing group of polymorphisms associated with endurance performance at the elite level. However, it is important to replicate these findings in other groups of elite athletes using larger sample sizes.
authors: Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Australia. Nir.Eynon@vu.edu.au
authors: Nir
authors: N
authors: Eynon
authors: Jonatan R
authors: JR
authors: Ruiz
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Bishop
authors: Catalina
authors: C
authors: Santiago
authors: Félix
authors: F
authors: Gómez-Gallego
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Lucia
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Birk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D051268:GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D051268:GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor; D005819:Genetic Markers