title: Speech perception and production in children with inner ear malformations after cochlear implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the speech perception and speech intelligibility outcome after cochlear implantation in children with malformed inner ear and to compare them with a group of congenitally deaf children implantees without inner ear malformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six deaf children (five boys and one girl) with inner ear malformations who were implanted and followed in our clinic were included. These children were matched with six implanted children with normal cochlea for age at implantation and duration of cochlear implant use. All subjects were tested with the internationally used battery tests of listening progress profile (LiP), capacity of auditory performance (CAP), and speech intelligibility rating (SIR). A closed and open set word perception test adapted to the Modern Greek language was also used. In the dysplastic group, two children suffered from CHARGE syndrome, another two from mental retardation, and two children grew up in bilingual homes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least two years after switch-on, the dysplastic group scored mean LiP 62%, CAP 3.8, SIR 2.1, closed-set 61%, and open-set 49%. The children without inner ear dysplasia achieved significantly better scores, except for CAP which this difference was marginally statistically significant (p=0.009 for LiP, p=0.080 for CAP, p=0.041 for SIR, p=0.011 for closed-set, and p=0.006 for open-set tests).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All of the implanted children with malformed inner ear showed benefit of auditory perception and speech production. However, the children with inner ear malformation performed less well compared with the children without inner ear dysplasia. This was possibly due to the high proportion of disabilities detected in the dysplastic group, such as CHARGE syndrome and mental retardation. Bilingualism could also be considered as a factor which possibly affects the outcome of implanted children. Therefore, children with malformed inner ear should be preoperatively evaluated for cognitive and developmental delay. In this case, counseling for the parents is mandatory in order to explain the possible impact of the diagnosed disabilities on performance and habilitation.
authors: 1st Academic ENT Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., GR 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Rachovitsas
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Psillas
authors: Vasiliki
authors: V
authors: Chatzigiannakidou
authors: Stefanos
authors: S
authors: Triaridis
authors: Jiannis
authors: J
authors: Constantinidis
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Vital
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058747:CHARGE Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D008297:Male; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*