title: Oral fluids that detect cardiovascular disease biomarkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the utility of oral fluids for assessment of coronary and cardiovascular (CV) health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with preexisting CV disease underwent an invasive cardiac procedure (alcohol septal ablation or percutaneous coronary intervention) and provided unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), sublingual swabs (LS), gingival swabs (GS) and serum at 0, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Concentrations of 13 relevant biomarkers were determined and correlated with levels in serum and the oral fluids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of the majority of biomarkers were higher in UWS than in LS and GS. Coronary and CV disease biomarkers in UWS correlated better with serum than with LS and GS based on group status and measures of time effect. Seven biomarkers demonstrated time effect changes consistent with serum biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and troponin I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in serum biomarker profiles are reflected in oral fluids suggesting that oral fluid biomarkers could aid in the assessment of cardiac ischemia/necrosis.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0297, USA.
authors: Joseph D
authors: JD
authors: Foley
authors: J Darrell
authors: JD
authors: Sneed
authors: Steven R
authors: SR
authors: Steinhubl
authors: Justin
authors: J
authors: Kolasa
authors: Jeffrey L
authors: JL
authors: Ebersole
authors: Yushun
authors: Y
authors: Lin
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Kryscio
authors: John T
authors: JT
authors: McDevitt
authors: Charles L
authors: CL
authors: Campbell
authors: Craig S
authors: CS
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019210:Troponin I / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I; D002097:C-Reactive Protein