title: Hypothermia caused by slow and limited-volume fluid resuscitation decreases organ damage by hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypothermia frequently occurs during fluid resuscitation of trauma victims, especially in patients with a major blood loss. Recent studies have suggested that mild hypothermia may ameliorate hemorrhagic shock (HS) induced splanchnic damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to compare the status of body temperature and splanchnic injury under different resuscitation speeds for HS in conscious rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study in an animal model of HS. Twenty-four male Wistar-Kyoto rats were used in the study. To mimic HS, 40% of the total blood volume was withdrawn. Fluid resuscitation was given 30 min after blood withdrawal. The rats were randomly divided into three groups; the control group, the 10-min rapid group, and the 12-h slow group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of blood biochemical parameters, including aspartate transferase (GOT), and alanine transferase (GPT), were measured. Levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured and levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by ELISA. The lung, liver and small intestine were examined for pathological changes 48 h after HS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initially slow rate resuscitation with limited-volume significantly decreased body temperature, serum GOT, GPT, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, levels of TNF-α, and NO in BALF. Moreover, the slow group had lower injury scores in the lung, liver and small intestine than the rapid group after HS. This finding suggests that mild hypothermia induced by a slow fluid resuscitation rate with limited-volume ameliorates HS-induced splanchnic damage in conscious rats.
authors: Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Maun
authors: YM
authors: Subeq
authors: Bang-Gee
authors: BG
authors: Hsu
authors: Nien-Tsung
authors: NT
authors: Lin
authors: Fwu-Lin
authors: FL
authors: Yang
authors: Yann-Fen C
authors: YF
authors: Chao
authors: Tai-Chu
authors: TC
authors: Peng
authors: Chia-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Kuo
authors: Ru-Ping
authors: RP
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D003243:Consciousness; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide