title: The effect of dust emissions from open storage piles to particle ambient concentration and human exposure.
abstract: The current study focus on the determination of dust emissions from piles in open storage yards of a municipal solid waste (MSW) composting site and the subsequent atmospheric dust dispersion. The ISC3-ST (Industrial Source Complex Version 3 - Short Term) model was used for the evaluation of the PM(10) ambient concentrations associated with the dispersion of MSW compost dust emissions in air. Dust emission rates were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency proposed dust resuspension formulation from open storage piles using local meteorological data. The dispersion modelling results on the spatial distribution of PM(10) source depletion showed that the maximum concentrations were observed at a distance 25-75 m downwind of the piles in the prevailing wind direction. Sensitivity calculations were performed also to reveal the effect of the compost pile height, the friction velocity and the receptor height on the ambient PM(10) concentration. It was observed that PM(10) concentrations (downwind in the prevailing wind direction) increased with increasing the friction velocity, increasing the pile height (for distances greater than 125 m from the source) and decreasing the receptor height (for distances greater than 125 m from the source). Furthermore, the results of ISC3-ST were analysed with the ExDoM (Exposure Dose Model) human exposure model. The ExDoM is a model for calculating the human exposure and the deposition dose, clearance, and finally retention of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract (RT). PM(10) concentration at the composting site was calculated as the sum of the concentration from compost pile dust resuspension and the background concentration. It was found that the exposure to PM(10) and deposited lung dose for an adult Caucasian male who is not working at the composting site is less by 20-74% and 29-84%, respectively, compared to those for a worker exposed to PM concentrations at the composting site.
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania 73100, Crete, Greece.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Chalvatzaki
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Aleksandropoulou
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Glytsos
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lazaridis
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010316:Particle Size; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency / Q000592:standards; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust