title: Non-analgesic effects of opioids: the interaction of opioids with bone and joints.
abstract: Opioid consumption is associated with a wide range of side effects. Potential interference of opioids with bone and joint activity has emerged in the last few years. Opioids increase the risk of fracture, especially in elderly patients. Moreover, opioids interfere with the endocrine system, and their chronic use is a recognized risk factor for osteoporosis. Pathogenetic mechanisms at the basis of the interference of opioids with bones and joints are analysed in this review.
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Latina, Italy. consalvo.mattia@uniroma1.it
authors: Consalvo
authors: C
authors: Mattia
authors: Eleonora
authors: E
authors: Di Bussolo
authors: Flaminia
authors: F
authors: Coluzzi
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid