title: VP2118 has major roles in Vibrio parahaemolyticus response to oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radical, induce chronic risk of oxidative damage to many cellular macromolecules resulting in damage to cells. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) catalyze the dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and are a primary defense against ROS. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis following consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, can survive ROS generated by intestinal inflammatory cells. However, there is little information concerning SODs in V. parahaemolyticus. This study aims to clarify the role of V. parahaemolyticus SODs against ROS.
  
  
  METHODS
  V. parahaemolyticus SOD gene promoter activities were measured by a GFP reporter assay. Mutants of V. parahaemolyticus SOD genes were constructed and their SOD activity and resistance to oxidative stresses were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bioinformatic analysis showed that V. parahaemolyticus SODs were distinguished by their metal cofactors, FeSOD (VP2118), MnSOD (VP2860), and CuZnSOD (VPA1514). VP2118 gene promoter activity was significantly higher than the other SOD genes. In a VP2118 gene deletion mutant, SOD activity was significantly decreased and could be recovered by VP2118 gene complementation. The absence of VP2118 resulted in significantly lowered resistance to ROS generated by hydrogen peroxide, hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase, or Paraquat. Furthermore, both the N- and C-terminal SOD domains of VP2118 were necessary for ROS resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VP2118 is the primary V. parahaemolyticus SOD and is vital for anti-oxidative stress responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The V. parahaemolyticus FeSOD VP2118 may enhance ROS resistance and could promote its survival in the intestinal tract to facilitate host tissue infection.
authors: Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-City, Tokushima, Japan.
authors: Tam Thi Thanh
authors: TT
authors: Le
authors: Kazuaki
authors: K
authors: Mawatari
authors: Miki
authors: M
authors: Maetani
authors: Tomomi
authors: T
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Sayaka
authors: S
authors: Hayashida
authors: Hitomi
authors: H
authors: Iba
authors: Mutsumi
authors: M
authors: Aihara
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Hirata
authors: Takaaki
authors: T
authors: Shimohata
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Uebanso
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase