title: Enalapril-induced apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells involves STAT5A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we aimed at evaluating the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of enalapril on human HL60 acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells and at clarifying the roles of signal transducers and activator of transcription proteins (STATs) on enalapril-induced cell death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability and cytotoxicity tests were conducted by Trypan blue dye exclusion and 2,3-Bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt (XTT) assays, respectively. Apoptotic analyses were performed by the AnnexinV-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) staining method and by fluorescence microscopy. Expression levels of STAT3, -5A and -5B genes were analysed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that enalapril reduced viability and proliferation, and induced apoptosis in HL60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner as compared to untreated controls. The expression levels of STAT5A gene were significantly reduced in enalapril-treated HL60 cells as compared to untreated controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, all data showed for the first time that enalapril has significant anticancer potential for the treatment of acute premyelocytic leukaemia.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Ozlem
authors: O
authors: Purclutepe
authors: Guniz
authors: G
authors: Iskender
authors: Hatice Demet
authors: HD
authors: Kiper
authors: Burcin
authors: B
authors: Tezcanli
authors: Nur
authors: N
authors: Selvi
authors: Cigir Biray
authors: CB
authors: Avci
authors: Buket
authors: B
authors: Kosova
authors: Aysun Adan
authors: AA
authors: Gokbulut
authors: Fahri
authors: F
authors: Sahin
authors: Yusuf
authors: Y
authors: Baran
authors: Guray
authors: G
authors: Saydam
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C494092:STAT5A protein, human; C494095:STAT5B protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004656:Enalapril