title: Effects of particulate matter on inflammatory markers in the general adult population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Particulate air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this association are still unclear, the induction of systemic inflammation following particle inhalation represents a plausible mechanistic pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used baseline data from the CoLaus Study including 6183 adult participants residing in Lausanne, Switzerland. We analyzed the association of short-term exposure to PM(10) (on the day of examination visit) with continuous circulating serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-α) by robust linear regressions, controlling for potential confounding factors and assessing effect modification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted analyses, for every 10 μg/m(3) elevation in PM(10), IL-1ß increased by 0.034 (95 % confidence interval, 0.007-0.060) pg/mL, IL-6 by 0.036 (0.015-0.057) pg/mL, and TNF-α by 0.024 (0.013-0.035) pg/mL, whereas no significant association was found with hs-CRP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term exposure to PM(10) was positively associated with higher levels of circulating IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in the adult general population. This positive association suggests a link between air pollution and cardiovascular risk, although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanistic pathway linking PM(10) to cardiovascular risk.
authors: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
authors: Dai-Hua
authors: DH
authors: Tsai
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Amyai
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Marques-Vidal
authors: Jia-Lin
authors: JL
authors: Wang
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Riediker
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Mooser
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Paccaud
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Waeber
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Vollenweider
authors: Murielle
authors: M
authors: Bochud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein