title: Short term study of human skin irritation by single application closed patch test: assessment of four multiple emulsion formulations loaded with botanical extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of skin irritation potential is a major concern in safety assessment of cosmetics, when long-term use of these products are expected. Non-invasive bioengineering probes have been used previously to measure skin irritation potential of cosmetic ingredients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Experimentation carried out to weigh up the skin irritation potential of four multiple emulsion formulations via visual and non-invasive measurements. Immediate effects of formulations and comparison of two assessment techniques were also tried to establish.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four multiple emulsion formulations one control (without botanical active) and three containing the functional botanical actives plus additives were tested in this study using the following techniques: transepidermal water loss (TEWL), COLIPA visual scoring method (CVSM), Mexameter MPA 5 (Courage + Khazaka, Germany) and capacitance [Corneometer MPA 5 (Courage + Khazaka, Germany)]. Visual examination and non-invasive measurements were performed at baseline and after 24 h. The formulations were applied on the forearm of 12 healthy volunteers of same sexes aged 20-25 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that none of the formulation produced irritation both on visual and instrumental evaluation. However, formulations MeB and MeC have comparable immediate effects on dryness, erythema, melanin and TEWL. Formulation MeC produced more effective results on different parameters, may be due to synergistic effect of two extracts, while MeA failed to produce any immediate effects on skin parameters. Moreover results of both assessment methods are parallel to each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the formulation produce irritant effects, barrier impairment effects or immediate effects except for the formulation MeC which produced appreciable results than other formulations but statistically these results were insignificant (p > 0.05). Based on these results, it could be concluded that formulations may be implied safely as skin rejuvenating candidates.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. tariqmahmood750@gmail.com
authors: Tariq
authors: T
authors: Mahmood
authors: Naveed
authors: N
authors: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D028241:Camellia sinensis; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000070116:Lotus; D008297:Male; D010328:Patch Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004655:Emulsions; D007509:Irritants; D010936:Plant Extracts