title: Cigarette smoke and ozone effect on murine inflammatory responses.
abstract: Air pollution has been associated with many different diseases, such as cancer, and respiratory, cardiovascular, and cutaneous chronic diseases. These effects are enhanced in people exposed to combined air pollutants, such as ozone and cigarette smoke. Chronic exposure to these pollutants causes an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation and has been associated with an increase in pulmonary diseases and mortality. Clinical and epidemiological studies reported interindividual variability in the adverse health effects of air pollutants, suggesting a genetic predisposition. The identification of subgroups of the population who are particularly vulnerable to air pollution is, therefore, of importance. Mouse models are a useful tool for studying the mechanisms underlying different susceptibility, as they show differences in strain responses to both ozone and cigarette smoke. This review analyses the role of inflammation and the influence of genetic factors on the mechanisms of lung injury caused by ozone and cigarette smoke.
authors: Department of Physiopathology and Experimental Medicine, Siena University, Siena, Italy. concetta.gardi@unisi.it
authors: Concetta
authors: C
authors: Gardi
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Valacchi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D010126:Ozone