title: Vasoconstrictive and analgesic efficacy of locally infiltrated levobupivacaine in tonsillectomy patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of preincisional plain levobupivacaine, lidocaine adrenaline and saline for perioperative blood loss and postoperative analgesia in pediatric tonsillectomy patients are compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients were randomly assigned into one of the 3 groups to receive preincisional peritonsillar infiltration of levobupivacaine 0.25% (group LB), lidocaine-adrenaline 1% with 1:200,000 (group LA) and saline (group S) under general anesthesia. Intraoperative blood loss, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin (hb) and haematocrit (htc) values, hemostasis time, operation duration, number of cautery used (20 W, 1s) and heart rates were recorded. Pain scores in PACU, at 6th, 12th and 24th hours postoperatively and the number of the patients requiring analgesic treatment for first 24h was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 30% reduction in perioperative blood loss in group LB and 63% reduction in group LA compared to group S (39 ± 6, 21 ± 4 and 55 ± 7 ml respectively) (p<0.001). Even though all three groups have significantly lower postoperative hb and htc values with respect to preoperative levels both local anesthetic groups had significantly higher postoperative hb and htc values than saline (p<0.001). Time required for hemostasis, the number of cautery used for haemostasis and operation duration were lower in groups LB and LA with respect to group S. Pain scores of the group LB revealed a significantly lower score throughout 24h. Only 14 patients in group LB demanded additional analgesic where as all patients in the other groups had. Adding adrenaline to the local anesthetic solution showed no side effects. Also we did not happened to see any complications related to local anesthetic injections. There was no postoperative major bleeding in groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levobupivacaine has a vasoconstrictive effect in 0.25% concentrations that may be beneficial in tonsillectomy patients and has a consistent analgesic effect.
authors: Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Anesthesiology Departement, Turkey. julideergil@hotmail.com
authors: Julide
authors: J
authors: Ergil
authors: Taylan
authors: T
authors: Akkaya
authors: Orhan
authors: O
authors: Gozaydin
authors: Behcet
authors: B
authors: Gunsoy
authors: Sibel
authors: S
authors: Alicura
authors: Ebru
authors: E
authors: Aladag
authors: Haluk
authors: H
authors: Gumus
authors: Istemihan
authors: I
authors: Akin
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011292:Premedication; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine