title: Emerging roles for LXRs and LRH-1 in female reproduction.
abstract: Nutritional status is known to control female reproductive physiology. Many reproductive pathologies such as anorexia nervosa, dystocia and preeclampsia, have been linked to body mass index and to metabolic syndrome. Lipid metabolism has also been associated with ovarian, uterine and placental functions. Among the regulators of lipid homeostasis, the Liver X Receptors (LXRs) and the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1), two members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, play a central role. LXRs are sensitive to intracellular cholesterol concentration and decrease plasma cholesterol, allowing to considering them as "cholesterol sensors". LRH-1 shares many target-genes with LXRs and has been considered for a long time as a real orphan nuclear receptor, but recent findings showed that phospholipids are ligands for this nuclear receptor. Acting in concert, LXRs and LRH-1 could thus be sensitive to slight modifications in cellular lipid balance, tightly maintaining their cellular concentrations. These last years, the use of transgenic mice clarified the roles of these nuclear receptors in many physiological functions. This review will be focused on the roles of LXRs and LRH-1 on female reproduction. Their contribution to ovarian endocrine and exocrine functions, as well as uterine and placental physiology will be discussed. The future challenge will thus be to target these nuclear receptors to prevent lipid-associated reproductive diseases in women.
authors: Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Hôpital Carémeau, Place du Pr. Robert Debré, F-30029 Nimes, France. kevin.mouzat@chu-nimes.fr
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Mouzat
authors: Silvère
authors: S
authors: Baron
authors: Geoffroy
authors: G
authors: Marceau
authors: Françoise
authors: F
authors: Caira
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Sapin
authors: David H
authors: DH
authors: Volle
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Lumbroso
authors: Jean-Marc
authors: JM
authors: Lobaccaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C082631:NR5A2 protein, human; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear