title: Review of fatal and severe cases of box jellyfish envenomation in Thailand.
abstract: The study aimed to describe severe and fatal cases of box jellyfish stings in Thailand. Medical records were reviewed and patients, relatives, health staffs, and witnesses were interviewed. The pictures of suspected box jellyfish were sent via e-mail to experts in the toxic jellyfish network for further identification. There were at least 8 cases of box jellyfish envenomation, with 4 fatal and 4 near-fatal cases. There were an equal number of male and female patients from 4 to 26 years of age. In each case, there was immediate severe pain followed by systemic reactions. Immediately after exposure to the sting, 7 victims collapsed experiencing severe pain at the tentacle marks, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest. All patients had tentacle marks on their bodies. In none of the fatal cases was vinegar applied to the tentacle marks as first aid, but 3 out of the 4 near-fatal cases were treated with a vinegar application.
authors: Medicine Faculty, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand lthaikru@mail.med.cmu.ac.
authors: Lakkana
authors: L
authors: Thaikruea
authors: Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors: Potjaman
authors: P
authors: Siriariyaporn
authors: Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors: Rochana
authors: R
authors: Wutthanarungsan
authors: Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors: Punnarai
authors: P
authors: Smithsuwan
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000401:mortality*; D002648:Child; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000506:poisoning*; D037462:Cubozoa; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013785:Thailand; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D019342:Acetic Acid