title: Joint toxicity of alkoxyethanol mixtures: contribution of in silico applications.
abstract: Exposure to chemicals occurs often as mixtures. Presented in this paper is information on alkoxyethanols and the impact they might have on human health in combination with some commonly found aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Our studies to evaluate the joint toxicity of these chemicals among themselves and in combination with other chemicals reveal a variety of possible outcomes depending on the exposure scenario. The interactions are predominantly based on metabolic pathways and are common among several solvents and organic compounds. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis can be used with high confidence to identify chemicals that will interact to influence overall joint toxicity. Potential human exposure to a combination of alkoxyethanol, toluene and substituted benzenes may increase reproductive and developmental disease conditions. Inheritable gene alterations result in changes in the enzyme function in different subpopulations causing variations in quantity and/or quality of particular isoenzymes. These changes are responsible for differential metabolism of chemicals in species, genders, and life stages and are often the basis of a population's susceptibility. Unique genotypes introduced as a function of migration can alter the genetic makeup of any given population. Hence special consideration should be given to susceptible populations while conducting chemical health risk assessments.
authors: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA. hpohl@cdc.gov
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Pohl
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Ruiz
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Scinicariello
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Mumtaz
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013045:Species Specificity; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D012997:Solvents