title: Thymoquinone ameliorates bacterial translocation and inflammatory response in rats with intestinal obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal obstructions might cause mucosal disruption, motility dysfunction, increasing intestinal volume, and intestinal bacterial overgrowth; it might also result in bacterial translocation. Thymoquinone is a bioactive substance that might affect antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of thymoquinone against bacterial translocation and inflammatory response induced by mechanical intestinal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were divided into three groups, as follows: Group 1 (sham), with only ileocaecal junction dissection; Group 2 (intestinal obstruction), with complete ileal ligation; Group 3 (intestinal obstruction+thymoquinone), with complete ileal ligation and given 10 mg/kg thymoquinone intraperitoneally. After 24 h, the rats were sacrificed by taking blood from the heart for biochemical analyses. Peritoneal swab cultures and the liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and ileum were collected for microbiological and histopathological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thymoquinone reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative damage, and bacterial translocation, and prevented inflammatory changes in intestine and liver; it also significantly ameliorated intestinal mucosal damage after intestinal obstruction (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thymoquinone was found effective in successfully controlling bacterial translocation and improving intestinal barrier function.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Dicle University Medical Faculty, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey. drmuratkapan@gmail.com
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Kapan
authors: Recep
authors: R
authors: Tekin
authors: Akin
authors: A
authors: Onder
authors: Ugur
authors: U
authors: Firat
authors: Osman
authors: O
authors: Evliyaoglu
authors: Fatih
authors: F
authors: Taskesen
authors: Zulfu
authors: Z
authors: Arikanoglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000382:microbiology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; C003466:thymoquinone