title: Genetics of the renin-angiotensin system with respect to cardiac and blood pressure phenotypes in healthy newborn infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular mass (LVM) is a strong predictor of various heart diseases. We examine the association between the G(-6)A AGT, I/D ACE, A1166C AGTR1, T(-344)C CYP 11β2, A538G MR and A10631G REN polymorphisms and LVM and blood pressure in newborn infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 211 healthy newborn infants. Two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography was used to assess LVM between days 3-4 after birth. Polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RLFP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AGTR1 genotype was significantly associated with neonatal systolic blood pressure (≥90 percentile). LVM indexes (LVMIs) were tested for association with genotypes in multivariate analysis. The carriers of the A allele of the AGT polymorphism had significantly higher LVM/body length (BL) values when compared with newborn infants homozygous for the G allele (p adjusted=0.03). The higher LVM/BL values were seen in the carriers of the A alleles of the AGTR1 polymorphism (p adjusted=0.046). All examined indexes (LVM/body surface area (BSA), LVM/BL, LVM/bodyweight (BW)) were associated with CYP11B polymorphism. The newborn infants homozygous for the T allele had significantly higher values of LVM/BSA, LVM/BL, and LVB/BW compared to non-TT-homozygous neonates (p adjusted=0.003; p adjusted=0.003; p adjusted=0.004 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AGT, AGTR1, CYP11β polymorphisms are associated with increased LVMIs in newborns. This observation indicates that genetic factors may be modulating LVM at birth.
authors: 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Poland.
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Gorący
authors: Grazyna
authors: G
authors: Dawid
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Łoniewska
authors: Jarosław
authors: J
authors: Gorący
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Ciechanowicz
mesh_terms: D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006262:Health; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase