title: Modeling peripheral vision for moving target search and detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most target search and detection models focus on foveal vision. In reality, peripheral vision plays a significant role, especially in detecting moving objects.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 23 subjects who participated in experiments simulating target detection tasks in urban and rural environments while their gaze parameters were tracked. Button responses associated with foveal object and peripheral object (PO) detection and recognition were recorded. In an urban scenario, pedestrians appearing in the periphery holding guns were threats and pedestrians with empty hands were non-threats. In a rural scenario, non-U.S. unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were considered threats and U.S. UAVs non-threats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, subjects missed detecting 2.48 POs among 50 POs in the urban scenario and 5.39 POs in the rural scenario. Both saccade reaction time and button reaction time can be predicted by peripheral angle and entrance speed of POs. Fast moving objects were detected faster than slower objects and POs appearing at wider angles took longer to detect than those closer to the gaze center. A second-order mixed-effect model was applied to provide each subject's prediction model for peripheral target detection performance as a function of eccentricity angle and speed. About half the subjects used active search patterns while the other half used passive search patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An interactive 3-D visualization tool was developed to provide a representation of macro-scale head and gaze movement in the search and target detection task. An experimentally validated stochastic model of peripheral vision in realistic target detection scenarios was developed.
authors: MOVES Institute, 700 Dyer Rd., Bldg. 245, Rm. 379, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA. jyan1@nps.edu
authors: Ji Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Yang
authors: Jesse
authors: J
authors: Huston
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Day
authors: Imre
authors: I
authors: Balogh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D008954:Models, Biological; D009039:Motion Perception; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014794:Visual Fields