title: Multivariate analysis of physiological parameters reveals a consistent O3 response pattern in leaves of adult European beech (Fagus sylvatica).
abstract: • Increasing atmospheric concentrations of phytotoxic ozone (O(3) ) can constrain growth and carbon sink strength of forest trees, potentially exacerbating global radiative forcing. Despite progress in the conceptual understanding of the impact of O(3)  on plants, it is still difficult to detect response patterns at the leaf level. • Here, we employed principal component analysis (PCA) to analyse a database containing physiological leaf-level parameters of 60-yr-old Fagus sylvatica (European beech) trees. Data were collected over two climatically contrasting years under ambient and twice-ambient O(3)  regimes in a free-air forest environment. • The first principal component (PC1) of the PCA was consistently responsive to O(3)  and crown position within the trees over both years. Only a few of the original parameters showed an O(3)  effect. PC1 was related to parameters indicative of oxidative stress signalling and changes in carbohydrate metabolism. PC1 correlated with cumulative O(3)  uptake over preceding days. • PC1 represents an O(3) -responsive multivariate pattern detectable in the absence of consistently measurable O(3)  effects on individual leaf-level parameters. An underlying effect of O(3)  on physiological processes is indicated, providing experimental confirmation of theoretical O(3)  response patterns suggested previously.
authors: Melbourne School of Land and Environment, Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia.|Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Löw
authors: Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors: Gaby
authors: G
authors: Deckmyn
authors: Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors: Maarten
authors: M
authors: Op de Beeck
authors: Phytopathology of Woody Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Manuela C
authors: MC
authors: Blumenröther
authors: Phytopathology of Woody Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Oßwald
authors: Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Alexou
authors: Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Sascha
authors: S
authors: Jehnes
authors: Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Kristine
authors: K
authors: Haberer
authors: Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.|King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Rennenberg
authors: Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Herbinger
authors: Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Karl-Heinz
authors: KH
authors: Häberle
authors: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Günther
authors: G
authors: Bahnweg
authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Hanke
authors: Institut für Naturgefahren und Waldgrenzregionen, Alpine Waldgrenzregionen, Hofburg 1 A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Wieser
authors: Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors: Reinhart
authors: R
authors: Ceulemans
authors: Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Matyssek
authors: Melbourne School of Land and Environment, Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Tausz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005060:Europe; D029964:Fagus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone