title: Effect of a benzothiadiazole on inducing resistance of soybean to Phytophthora sojae.
abstract: Effects of benzothidiazole (BTH), an inducer of resistance, were examined in a compatible interaction of soybean seedlings and Phytophthora sojae using electron microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. Seedlings were sprayed with BTH 2 days before inoculation of hypocotyls with zoospore suspension of P. sojae. In hypocotyls treated with BTH, the infection process of P. sojae was significantly delayed, and also the structures of hyphae and haustorium-like bodies were remarkably altered. These changes included increased vacuolation, plasmolysis, degeneration of cytoplasm, and collapse of hyphae and haustorium-like bodies. Large morphological differences were detected in P. sojae-infected hypocotyl tissue treated with BTH compared with infected but non-treated control tissue. Very thick layers of wall appositions were formed in the host cells contacting with hyphae, whereas such structures were never observed in only P. sojae-infected control hypocotyls. In addition, five pathogenesis-related (PR)-genes were selected to detect their transcription changes using qRT-PCR. Expression of PR-1, PR-3a, PR-3b, PR-9, and PR-10 genes were induced in BTH-treated and P. sojae-inoculated tissue at different times and levels. The up-regulated expression of these genes as well as the morphological defense structures may contribute to disease resistance in soybean hypocotyls to P. sojae.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
authors: Qingmei
authors: Q
authors: Han
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Feng
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: Xiaojie
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Zhensheng
authors: Z
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D013830:Thiadiazoles; C015700:benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole