title: Relapsing Mycobacterium genavense infection as a cause of late death in a lung transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Mycobacterium genavense is recognized as a life-threatening pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients, mostly in those with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. We report a case of M. genavense infection in a lung-transplant recipient with late-onset death occurring from disseminated infection. In human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients, there exist only about 10 reports of disseminated M. genavense infection in immunocompromised hosts; and to our knowledge, this is a first reported case of M. genavense infection after a lung transplant. Diagnosis of M. genavense was obtained only with nucleic acid-based identification technique, as frequently observed in a few cases of human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients. A striking feature was the recurrence of this infection in our patient after a seemingly infection-free period of 3 years. Because M. genavense infection can be life-threatening, clinicians must be aware of the frequent requirement for nucleic-acid-based identification for its diagnosis.
authors: Service de Pneumologie B et de Transplantation Pulmonaire, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
authors: Elodie
authors: E
authors: Lhuillier
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Brugière
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Veziris
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Danel
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Mourvilliers
authors: Hervé
authors: H
authors: Mal
authors: Gaëlle
authors: G
authors: Dauriat
authors: Raymond
authors: R
authors: Ruimy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012008:Recurrence