title: Cyclophilins facilitate dissociation of the human papillomavirus type 16 capsid protein L1 from the L2/DNA complex following virus entry.
abstract: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are composed of the major and minor capsid proteins, L1 and L2, that encapsidate a chromatinized, circular double-stranded DNA genome. At the outset of infection, the interaction of HPV type 16 (HPV16) (pseudo)virions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans triggers a conformational change in L2 that is facilitated by the host cell chaperone cyclophilin B (CyPB). This conformational change results in exposure of the L2 N terminus, which is required for infectious internalization. Following internalization, L2 facilitates egress of the viral genome from acidified endosomes, and the L2/DNA complex accumulates at PML nuclear bodies. We recently described a mutant virus that bypasses the requirement for cell surface CyPB but remains sensitive to cyclosporine for infection, indicating an additional role for CyP following endocytic uptake of virions. We now report that the L1 protein dissociates from the L2/DNA complex following infectious internalization. Inhibition and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of CyPs blocked dissociation of L1 from the L2/DNA complex. In vitro, purified CyPs facilitated the dissociation of L1 pentamers from recombinant HPV11 L1/L2 complexes in a pH-dependent manner. Furthermore, CyPs released L1 capsomeres from partially disassembled HPV16 pseudovirions at slightly acidic pH. Taken together, these data suggest that CyPs mediate the dissociation of HPV L1 and L2 capsid proteins following acidification of endocytic vesicles.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
authors: Malgorzata
authors: M
authors: Bienkowska-Haba
authors: Carlyn
authors: C
authors: Williams
authors: Seong Man
authors: SM
authors: Kim
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Garcea
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Sapp
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D021984:Cyclophilin A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D021983:Cyclophilins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011992:Endosomes / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D016679:Genome, Viral; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; C063316:L2 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C081786:cyclophilin B; C063317:L1 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D021984:Cyclophilin A; D021983:Cyclophilins