title: GST polymorphisms and early-onset coronary artery disease in young South African Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify environmental agents which influence the onset and progression of disease. Dysfunctional detoxification enzymes are responsible for prolonged exposure to reactive molecules and can contribute to endothelial damage, an underlying factor in coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess 2 common polymorphic variant isoforms in GSTM1 and GSTP1 of GST in young CAD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients (N=102) were South Africans of Indian ancestry, a population associated with high CAD risk. A corresponding age-, sex- and race-matched control group (N=100) was also recruited. Frequency of the GSTM1 +/0 (v. +/0 and 0/0) and GSTP1 A105/G105 (v. wild-type A105/A105) genotypes was assessed by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GSTM1 0/0 and GSTP1 A105/A105 genotypes occurred at higher frequencies in CAD patients compared with the control group (36% v. 18% and 65% v. 48%, respectively). A significant association with CAD was observed in GSTM1 0/0 (OR=2.593; 95% CI 1.353 - 4.971; p=0.0043) and GSTP1 A105/A105 (odds ratio (OR)=0.6011; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3803 - 0.9503; p=0.0377). We found a significant association between smoking and CAD; the presence of either of the respective genotypes together with smoking increased the CAD risk (GSTP1 A105 RR=1.382; 95% CI 0.958 - 1.994; p=0.0987 and GSTM1 null RR=1.725; 95% CI 1.044 - 2.851; p=0.0221).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the association of genotypes GSTM1 0/0 and GSTP1 A105/A105 and smoking with CAD.
authors: Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors: Alisa
authors: A
authors: Phulukdaree
authors: Sajidah
authors: S
authors: Khan
authors: Devapregasan
authors: D
authors: Moodley
authors: Anil A
authors: AA
authors: Chuturgoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1