title: Effect of electroconvulsive shock on the glutamate level and the hyperphosphorylation of protein tau in depression rat models whose olfactory bulbs were removed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of the electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on the glutamate level and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in depressed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The depression rat models whose olfactory bulbs were removed were established. Using the analysis of variance of factorial design, we set up two intervention factors including electric current (three levels: 25, 50, and 75 mA) and duration (three levels: 3, 6, and 9 times), which constituted 9 combinations (n=6). Fifty-four adult depression rat models whose olfactory bulbs were removed were randomly divided into nine experimental groups (n=6 in each group). The hippocampus was removed within 12 hours after the ECS finished. The level of glutamate in the hippocampus was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography, and that of Tau protein, which includes p-PHF-1(Ser396/404), p-AT8(Ser199/202), and p-12E8(Ser262), in the hippocampus with Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The glutamate level and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the hippocampus of depressed rats remarkably increased. The changes of the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein were correlated with the electric current and duration of ECS, and these two factors showed an synergic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECS enhances the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the hippocampus of depressed rats by up-regulating the glutamate level.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Su
authors: S
authors: Min
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Wei
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Liu
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Dong
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Luo
authors: Xiao-bin
authors: XB
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000601:surgery; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016875:tau Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid