title: The impact of perioperative warming in an outpatient aesthetic surgery setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative hypothermia can lead to surgical complications, including bleeding, infection, increased patient discomfort, and longer recovery time. Plastic surgeons have become increasingly aware of this important patient safety issue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluate the impact of perioperative warming in an outpatient plastic surgery setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of 108 patients who received several simple measures to prevent perioperative hypothermia. Patients dressed in warm clothing and were covered with an electric blanket in both the holding area and the recovery room. Intraoperative interventions included higher ambient room temperature, skin exposure only at the surgical site, forced-air warming, and the use of warmed fluids. This warmed group was compared with a historical control group of 106 patients who underwent plastic surgery in the period immediately before implementation of these measures. Patient demographics and procedural characteristics were similar for the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The requirement for intraoperative analgesia was significantly lower for the warmed group (111 vs 125 µg fentanyl in the control group; P = .042). Patients in the warmed group required less time in the recovery room and met discharge criteria sooner (127 vs 141 minutes; P = .001). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple measures to maintain perioperative normothermia improve patient comfort and recovery following aesthetic surgery. Through a continuous-improvement culture, the authors have successfully implemented warming strategies that prevent perioperative hypothermia and improve surgical outcomes.
authors: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Lista
authors: Chris D
authors: CD
authors: Doherty
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Backstein
authors: Jamil
authors: J
authors: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D003020:Clothing; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010351:Patient Discharge; D019990:Perioperative Care; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl