title: Crime, neighborhood deprivation, and asthma: a GIS approach to define and assess neighborhoods.
abstract: Exposure to neighborhood factors remains difficult to quantify when neighborhoods are often predefined and imprecisely measured. This study examines the association between neighborhood deprivation and participation in a community-based asthma case management (CM) program in Oakland, CA. We estimated neighborhoods by calculating walking distances of , and miles around each child's (n=2892) residence. The model assesses deprivation by the addition of weighted factors within a child's neighborhood-crime rates, alcohol outlets, and eight 2000 US Census characteristics. The results illustrate that neighborhood deprivation is weakly associated with greater levels of program participation, but neighborhood education level, measured by percentage of residents with less than a high school education, is strongly associated with greater program participation (OR: 4.43, 95% CI: [1.23, 15.99]). Neighborhood deprivation factors were significantly different between neighborhoods defined by walking distances and census blockgroups (Wilcoxon-signed rank test: p<0.05).
authors: School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA. sagale@berkeley.edu
authors: Sara L
authors: SL
authors: Gale
authors: Sheryl L
authors: SL
authors: Magzamen
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Radke
authors: Ira B
authors: IB
authors: Tager
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019352:Censuses; D002648:Child; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012931:Social Environment