title: A pilot qualitative study to explore stakeholder opinions regarding prescribing quality indicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information on prescribing quality of diabetes care is required by health care providers, insurance companies, policy makers, and the public. Knowledge regarding the opinions and preferences of all involved parties regarding prescribing quality information is important for effective use of prescribing quality indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June and December 2009 we conducted semi structured interviews with 16 key-informants representing eight different organizations in the Netherlands involved in healthcare quality measurement and improvement. The interview guide included topics on participants' opinions and preferences regarding existing types of prescribing quality indicators in relation to their aim of using quality information. Content analysis methods were used to process the resulting transcripts following the framework of predetermined themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings from this qualitative study of stakeholder preferences showed that indicators focusing on undertreatment are found important by all participants. Furthermore, health care providers and policy makers valued prescribing safety indicators, insurance companies prioritized indicators focusing on prescribing costs, and patients' organization representatives valued indicators focusing on interpersonal side of prescribing. Representatives of all stakeholders preferred positive formulation of the indicators to motivate health care providers to participate in health improvement programs. A composite score was found to be most useful by all participants as a starting point of prescribing quality assessment. Lack of information on reasons for deviating from guidelines recommendations appeared to be the most important barrier for using prescribing quality indicators. According to the health care providers, there are many legitimate reasons for not prescribing the recommended treatment and these reasons are not always taken into account by external evaluators. The latter may cause mistrust of health care providers towards external stakeholders and limit the use of PQI in external quality improvement programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prescribing quality indicators are considered to be an important tool for assessing quality of provided diabetes care by all participants, although the preferences for specific types of indicators may differ by stakeholder depending on their user aim. Introduction of information systems to register the reasons for deviating from the recommended drug treatment may contribute to a more widespread use of PQI for assessment of provided health care quality to diabetic patents. This study identified the potential preferences regarding quality indicators for diabetes care, and this could be used for development of questionnaires to conduct a survey among a larger group of participants.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. ld.gross-martirosyan@cbg-meb.nl
authors: Liana
authors: L
authors: Martirosyan
authors: Joekie
authors: J
authors: Markhorst
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Denig
authors: Flora M
authors: FM
authors: Haaijer-Ruskamp
authors: Jozé
authors: J
authors: Braspenning
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009426:Netherlands; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D036301:Qualitative Research; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care