title: Sampling and analytical methods for assessing the levels of organic pollutants in the atmosphere: PAH, phthalates and psychotropic substances: a short review.
abstract: This short review presents the procedures used to monitor PAHs, phthalates and psychotropic substances in the air, and the results of some measurements made in Italy and abroad. Organic contaminants are characterized by a variety of physical and chemical properties, including aggregation phase, concentration level, and life time. This variety widens the spectrum of procedures developed to assess their occurrence in the environment and biota, but prevents the complete speciation of the "organic fraction" of air, waters and particulates, and attention is paid to a few substances. The progress in health sciences stimulates the concern on contaminants and the development of new instrumental apparatuses and methods; new chemicals are continuously identified or recognized as capable of injuring the environment and organisms. Persistent organic pollutants and persistent biologically active toxicants are subject to regulation and extensively measured by means of standard procedures. For instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls and polychlorodibenzodioxins are recovered from air through phase partition, thermal desorption or solvent extraction, then separated and detected through GC-MS or HPLC-MS procedures. By contrast, dedicated methods must be still optimized to monitor candidates or possible candidates as emerging organic pollutants, e.g. phthalates, flame retardants and perfluoroalkanes. Also, psychotropic substances appear of potential concern. Legal and illicit substances are commonly detected in the urban air besides waste and surface waters. If nicotine, caffeine and cocaine will result to enough persistence in the air, their monitoring will become an important issue of global chemical watching in the next future.
authors: Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy. cecinato@iia.cnr.it
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Cecinato
authors: Catia
authors: C
authors: Balducci
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Mastroianni
authors: Mattia
authors: M
authors: Perilli
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs