title: Sleep restriction is not associated with a positive energy balance in adolescent boys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A short sleep (SS) duration has been linked to obesity in observational studies. However, experimental evidence of the potential mechanisms of sleep restriction on energy balance is conflicting and, to our knowledge, nonexistent in adolescents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of 3 consecutive nights of partial sleep deprivation on components of energy balance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, crossover design, 21 healthy, normal-weight male adolescents (mean ± SD age: 16.8 ± 1.3 y) completed the following 2 experimental conditions, each for 3 consecutive nights: an SS (4 h/night) and a long sleep (LS; 9 h/night) duration. Endpoints were 24-h energy expenditure (EE), spontaneous physical activity (SPA), postintervention diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), appetite sensations, ad libitum energy intake (EI), and profiles of plasma ghrelin and leptin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-h EE on day 3 was 370 ± 496 kJ higher in the SS condition than in the LS condition (P = 0.003). This difference in EE was explained by prolonged wakefulness in the SS condition and a 19% higher SPA (P = 0.003). In a postintervention breakfast-meal challenge, there was a 0.19-kJ/min smaller incremental AUC in DIT over 4 h in the SS condition than in the LS condition (P = 0.012) with no time × condition effect (P = 0.29). Subjects consumed 13% less energy in the ad libitum meal in the SS condition (P = 0.031), with a concomitant decreased motivation to eat. Concentrations of ghrelin and leptin remained unchanged with sleep restriction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term sleep restriction in male adolescents is associated with a small negative energy balance driven by increased EE from prolonged wakefulness and a concomitant decreased EI and motivation to eat. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01198431.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. lakl@life.ku.dk
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Klingenberg
authors: Jean-Philippe
authors: JP
authors: Chaput
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Holmbäck
authors: Poul
authors: P
authors: Jennum
authors: Arne
authors: A
authors: Astrup
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Sjödin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001066:Appetite; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D022722:Thermogenesis; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D013963:Thyroid Hormones