title: Fatty acids bind tightly to the N-terminal domain of angiopoietin-like protein 4 and modulate its interaction with lipoprotein lipase.
abstract: Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4), a potent regulator of plasma triglyceride metabolism, binds to lipoprotein lipase (LPL) through its N-terminal coiled-coil domain (ccd-Angptl4) inducing dissociation of the dimeric enzyme to inactive monomers. In this study, we demonstrate that fatty acids reduce the inactivation of LPL by Angptl4. This was the case both with ccd-Angptl4 and full-length Angptl4, and the effect was seen in human plasma or in the presence of albumin. The effect decreased in the sequence oleic acid > palmitic acid > myristic acid > linoleic acid > linolenic acid. Surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence, and chromatography measurements revealed that fatty acids bind with high affinity to ccd-Angptl4. The interactions were characterized by fast association and slow dissociation rates, indicating formation of stable complexes. The highest affinity for ccd-Angptl4 was detected for oleic acid with a subnanomolar equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)). The K(d) values for palmitic and myristic acid were in the nanomolar range. Linoleic and linolenic acid bound with much lower affinity. On binding of fatty acids, ccd-Angptl4 underwent conformational changes resulting in a decreased helical content, weakened structural stability, dissociation of oligomers, and altered fluorescence properties of the Trp-38 residue that is located close to the putative LPL-binding region. Based on these results, we propose that fatty acids play an important role in modulating the effects of Angptl4.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
authors: Terje
authors: T
authors: Robal
authors: Mikael
authors: M
authors: Larsson
authors: Miina
authors: M
authors: Martin
authors: Gunilla
authors: G
authors: Olivecrona
authors: Aivar
authors: A
authors: Lookene
mesh_terms: D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D055550:Protein Stability; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: C474772:ANGPTL4 protein, human; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; C548261:LPL protein, human; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase