title: Compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria               bassiana with flufenoxuron and azadirachtin against Tetranychus               urticae.
abstract: Laboratory studies were developed to evaluate the compatibility of flufenoxuron and azadirachtin with Beauveria                 bassiana against Tetranychus                 urticae larvae along with the required Probit analysis of the involved chemicals on all of the life stages of this mite. Flufenoxuron displayed parallel regression lines for the mortality of eggs, deutonymphs and adults. Larvae and protonymphs were the most susceptible life stages. Protonymphs were 35 times more sensitive than eggs and adults. Azadirachtin gave equal mortality on proto- and deutonymphs. The response of eggs and adults was equivalent when treated with azadirachtin. The regression lines for proto- and deutonymphs were parallel to those of adults and eggs yet three times more sensitive. The effects of separate combinations of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria                 bassiana at its LC(20) with flufenoxuron and azadirachtin at their corresponding LC(40) were evaluated on mite larvae. The application of flufenoxuron with B.                 bassiana revealed a clear synergy. While the combination of azadirachtin and B.                 bassiana had an additive effect. These combinations with B. bassiana could improve mite control by contributing to a decline in the likelihood of resistance so often described in the literature.
authors: Crop Protection Unit, Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Technology Centre, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios, 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Hernández
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Martínez-Villar
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Peace
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Pérez-Moreno
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Marco
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides; D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D036701:Limonins; D008297:Male; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D036701:Limonins; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; C010329:azadirachtin; C067660:flufenoxuron