title: TG accumulation inhibitory effects of Jinqi formula by AMPK signaling pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Jinqi formula is a traditional Chinese anti-diabetic formula containing three ingredients (Coptidis rhizoma, Astragali rhadix and Lonicerae japonicae Flos).
  
  
  METHODS
  The active fractions of Jinqi formula were purified and HPLC analyses were used for quality control. The anti-adipogenic effects of Jinqi formula were analyzed in vitro using 3T3-L1 cells and in vivo with KK-A(y) mice. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to confirm genes and proteins of interest, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro study showed that Jinqi formula suppressed the accumulation of triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) in mature 3T3-L1 cells by increasing the expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as well as decreasing the expression of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL). In vivo study demonstrated that Jinqi formula reduced body weight without changing food intake in KK-A(y) mice, and decreased the levels of serum glucose, TG, FFA. In addition, consistent with the in vitro study results, Jinqi formula increased the expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of AMPK in the liver and muscular tissues of the KK-A(y) mice. Furthermore, Jingqi formula suppressed the expression of ACC and HSL and upregulated the expression of IRS-1 in the liver. Whereas in the skeletal muscles, Jingqi formula decreased the expression of ACC and increased the expression of GLUT-4 and IRS-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jingqi formula inhibits TG accumulation at least in part via the stimulation of AMPK activity in a multi-target manner.
authors: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Qian
authors: Xuefeng
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: He
authors: Yating
authors: Y
authors: An
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Chen
authors: Jianxia
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Yanru
authors: Y
authors: Deng
authors: Liping
authors: L
authors: Guo
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D027883:Astragalus Plant; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D039323:Coptis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D031239:Lonicera; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C529953:Jinqi; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D014280:Triglycerides; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase