title: Halarchaeum salinum sp. nov., a moderately acidophilic haloarchaeon isolated from commercial sea salt.
abstract: Three halophilic archaeal strains, MH1-34-1(T), MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were isolated from commercial salt samples produced from seawater in Indonesia, the Philippines and Japan, respectively. Cells of the three strains were pleomorphic and stained Gram-negative. Strain MH1-34-1(T) was orange-red pigmented, while MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were pink-pigmented. Strain MH1-34-1(T) was able to grow at 12-30 % (w/v) NaCl (with optimum at 18 % NaCl, w/v) at pH 4.5-7.2 (optimum, pH 5.2-5.5) and at 15-45 °C (optimum, 42 °C). Strains MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 grew in slightly different ranges. These strains required at least 1 mM Mg(2+) for growth. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains MH1-34-1(T), MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were almost identical (99.8-99.9 % similarities), and the closest relative was Halarchaeum acidiphilum MH-1-52-1(T) with 98.4 % similarities. The DNA G+C contents of MH1-34-1(T), MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were 59.3, 60.8 and 61.0 mol%, respectively. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness amongst the three strains was 90-91 %, while that between each of the three strains and Halarchaeum acidiphilum MH1-52-1(T) was 51-55 %. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolates should represent a novel species of the genus Halarchaeum, for which the name Halarchaeum salinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MH1-34-1(T) ( = JCM 16330(T) = CECT 7574(T)).
authors: Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
authors: Yuto
authors: Y
authors: Yamauchi
authors: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Minegishi
authors: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
authors: Akinobu
authors: A
authors: Echigo
authors: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Shimane
authors: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Shimoshige
authors: Halophiles Research Institute, 677-1 Shimizu, Noda, Chiba 278-0043, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Kamekura
authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Itoh
authors: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.|Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Doukyu
authors: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.|Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Inoue
authors: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.|Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Usami
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics; D006216:Halobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007214:Indonesia; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010679:Philippines; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012965:Sodium Chloride