title: Apolipoprotein E mimetic is more effective than apolipoprotein A-I mimetic in reducing lesion formation in older female apo E null mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide Ac-hE18A-NH(2), capable of reducing plasma cholesterol and possessing anti-inflammatory properties, was compared with the well-studied anti-atherogenic apoA-I mimetic peptide 4F for reducing lesion formation in female apoE null mice with already existing lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In initial experiments, Ac-hE18A-NH(2) was administered retro-orbitally two or three times weekly for 6-8 weeks, while peptide 4F was administered intraperitoneally every day for the same period. Age matched controls were injected with saline every day. At the end of the treatment period, plasma cholesterol levels of Ac-hE18A-NH(2) administered mice were significantly lower than in 4F and control mice. However, both 4F and Ac-hE18A-NH(2) showed reduced lesion areas in en face lesion analysis to a similar extent compared to the control group, while paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity was increased only in the Ac-hE18A-NH(2) group. In the third experiment, both peptides were administered at the same dose, frequency, and route of administration. The reduction in en face lesions with Ac-hE18A-NH(2) was significantly greater than the 4F and control groups, although lesions in 4F-treated mice were also significantly reduced compared with controls. Both peptide groups had significantly reduced plasma lipid hydroperoxides, but only the Ac-hE18A-NH(2) group had significantly reduced serum amyloid A levels. HDL and plasma inflammatory indices were significantly reduced in both peptide groups compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both peptides had similar anti-inflammatory properties, Ac-hE18A-NH(2) was more effective in inhibiting lesions than 4F at the same dose, frequency, and route of administration, perhaps due to its cholesterol reducing properties.
authors: Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors: Gaurav
authors: G
authors: Nayyar
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Garber
authors: Mayakonda N
authors: MN
authors: Palgunachari
authors: Candyce E
authors: CE
authors: Monroe
authors: Tamara D
authors: TD
authors: Keenum
authors: Shaila P
authors: SP
authors: Handattu
authors: Vinod K
authors: VK
authors: Mishra
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Anantharamaiah
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C478448:Ac-hE18A-NH(2); D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C465468:D-4F peptide; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C560867:PON1 protein, mouse