title: The limits of the nuclear landscape.
abstract: In 2011, 100 new nuclides were discovered. They joined the approximately 3,000 stable and radioactive nuclides that either occur naturally on Earth or are synthesized in the laboratory. Every atomic nucleus, characterized by a specific number of protons and neutrons, occupies a spot on the chart of nuclides, which is bounded by 'drip lines' indicating the values of neutron and proton number at which nuclear binding ends. The placement of the neutron drip line for the heavier elements is based on theoretical predictions using extreme extrapolations, and so is uncertain. However, it is not known how uncertain it is or how many protons and neutrons can be bound in a nucleus. Here we estimate these limits of the nuclear 'landscape' and provide statistical and systematic uncertainties for our predictions. We use nuclear density functional theory, several Skyrme interactions and high-performance computing, and find that the number of bound nuclides with between 2 and 120 protons is around 7,000. We find that extrapolations for drip-line positions and selected nuclear properties, including neutron separation energies relevant to astrophysical processes, are very consistent between the models used.
authors: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Erler
authors: Noah
authors: N
authors: Birge
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Kortelainen
authors: Witold
authors: W
authors: Nazarewicz
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Olsen
authors: Alexander M
authors: AM
authors: Perhac
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Stoitsov