title: Simple visual parameters for objective assessment of arthroscopic skill.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Restrictions placed on the working hours of doctors over the past decade have resulted in substantial changes to the training and assessment of orthopaedic surgical residents. Many who are responsible for training the surgeons of the future have become concerned that this reduced clinical exposure is having a detrimental impact on technical skill acquisition. Consequently, there is a need for surgical educators to develop more objective methods for assessing surgical skill. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether a novel set of visual parameters assessing visuospatial ability, fine motor dexterity, and gaze control could objectively discriminate among various levels of arthroscopic experience. The secondary aim was to evaluate the correlations between these new parameters and previously established technical skill assessment methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven subjects were divided into a novice group (n = 7), a resident group (n = 15), and an expert group (n = 5) on the basis of arthroscopic experience. All subjects performed a diagnostic knee arthroscopy task on a simulator. Their performance was assessed with use of novel simple visual parameters that included the prevalence of instrument loss, triangulation time, and prevalence of lookdowns. Performance was also evaluated with use of previously validated technical skill assessment methods (a global rating scale and motion analysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference in performance among the groups was demonstrated with use of all three novel visual parameters, the global rating scale, and motion analysis (p < 0.05). There were strong and highly significant correlations (p < 0.0001) between each of the novel parameters and the previously validated skill assessment methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the construct validity of three novel visual parameters for objectively assessing arthroscopic performance. These parameters are simple, can be used easily in the operating room, and are strongly correlated with current validated methods of technical skill assessment.
authors: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, 150 Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Alvand
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Khan
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Al-Ali
authors: W F
authors: WF
authors: Jackson
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Price
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Rees
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009048:Motor Skills; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000193:education; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom