title: A comprehensive re-analysis of pesticide dermal toxicity data in birds and comparison with the rat.
abstract: Dermal exposure is not considered in the routine assessment of pesticide risk to birds but is known to be important. There is no routine testing of pesticide dermal toxicity in birds necessitating that we make better use of information currently collected on mammalian species. This paper assembles and analyses all known avian dermal toxicity data for pesticides. The analysis relies on deriving a Dermal Toxicity Index (DTI) or a ratio of oral to dermal toxicity for each test result. In this paper, I show that: (1) DTI values are chemical specific and apply to any bird; (2) that the site of testing appears to matter more than the exact method of testing; (3) that the avian DTI does indeed track the rat DTI very well for those compounds that do not need metabolic activation to express their toxicity. Mammalian skin penetration data can be used to infer avian risk.
authors: Environment Canada, Science and Technology Branch, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3. Electronic address: Pierre.mineau@ec.gc.ca.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Mineau
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010575:Pesticides