title: The amount and type of dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dairy product intake may be inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, but the evidence is inconclusive for total dairy products and sparse for types of dairy products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate the prospective association of total dairy products and different dairy subtypes with incidence of diabetes in populations with marked variation of intake of these food groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested case-cohort within 8 European countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (n = 340,234; 3.99 million person-years of follow-up) included a random subcohort (n = 16,835) and incident diabetes cases (n = 12,403). Baseline dairy product intake was assessed by using dietary questionnaires. Country-specific Prentice-weighted Cox regression HRs were calculated and pooled by using a random-effects meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intake of total dairy products was not associated with diabetes (HR for the comparison of the highest with the lowest quintile of total dairy products: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.34; P-trend = 0.92) in an analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diabetes risk factors, education, and dietary factors. Of the dairy subtypes, cheese intake tended to have an inverse association with diabetes (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.02; P-trend = 0.01), and a higher combined intake of fermented dairy products (cheese, yogurt, and thick fermented milk) was inversely associated with diabetes (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.99; P-trend = 0.02) in adjusted analyses that compared extreme quintiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large prospective study found no association between total dairy product intake and diabetes risk. An inverse association of cheese intake and combined fermented dairy product intake with diabetes is suggested, which merits further study.
authors: University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors: Ivonne
authors: I
authors: Sluijs
authors: Nita G
authors: NG
authors: Forouhi
authors: Joline W J
authors: JW
authors: Beulens
authors: Yvonne T
authors: YT
authors: van der Schouw
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Agnoli
authors: Larraitz
authors: L
authors: Arriola
authors: Beverley
authors: B
authors: Balkau
authors: Aurelio
authors: A
authors: Barricarte
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Boeing
authors: H Bas
authors: HB
authors: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors: Françoise
authors: F
authors: Clavel-Chapelon
authors: Francesca L
authors: FL
authors: Crowe
authors: Blandine
authors: B
authors: de Lauzon-Guillain
authors: Dagmar
authors: D
authors: Drogan
authors: Paul W
authors: PW
authors: Franks
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Gavrila
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Jytte
authors: J
authors: Halkjaer
authors: Rudolf
authors: R
authors: Kaaks
authors: Aurelie
authors: A
authors: Moskal
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Nilsson
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Overvad
authors: Domenico
authors: D
authors: Palli
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Panico
authors: José R
authors: JR
authors: Quirós
authors: Fulvio
authors: F
authors: Ricceri
authors: Sabina
authors: S
authors: Rinaldi
authors: Olov
authors: O
authors: Rolandsson
authors: Carlotta
authors: C
authors: Sacerdote
authors: María-José
authors: MJ
authors: Sánchez
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Slimani
authors: Annemieke M W
authors: AM
authors: Spijkerman
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Teucher
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjonneland
authors: María-José
authors: MJ
authors: Tormo
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Tumino
authors: Daphne L
authors: DL
authors: van der A
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Sharp
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Langenberg
authors: Edith J M
authors: EJ
authors: Feskens
authors: Elio
authors: E
authors: Riboli
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Wareham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires