title: Effects of iron oxide nanoparticle labeling on human endothelial cells.
abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles (INOPS) are a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) tracking of transplanted endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of INOPS labeling on endothelial cells. The mixture of INOPS and poly-l-lysine (PLL) was used  to label human endothelial cells. Labeling efficiency was examined by Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of iron oxide concentration on cell viability and proliferation were determined. The correlation of reactive oxygen  species (ROS) and apoptosis was also examined. In vitro MRI scanning was carried out using a 1.5T MR system. INOPS-PLL could be readily taken up by endothelial cells and subsequently induce MRI signal intensity changes. However, higher labeling concentration (>50 µg/ml) and longer  incubation (48 h) can affect cell viability and proliferation. Mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and autolysosmes were observed under high INOPS-PLL concentrations, which were correlated to ROS production. INOPS-PLL nanoparticles can be used to label transplanted endothelial cells. However,  high concentration of INOPS can impair cell viability, possibly through ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy.
authors: MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Fu-Yuan
authors: FY
authors: Yang
authors: Ming-Xi
authors: MX
authors: Yu
authors: Quan
authors: Q
authors: Zhou
authors: Wen-Li
authors: WL
authors: Chen
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Gao
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D008239:Lysine