title: Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: a critical review and recommendations on treatment.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and degenerative disease of nervous system, which affects mostly young adults. Vitamin D deficiency is a well-known environmental risk factor for MS and is considerable in terms of immediate clinical implications. In addition to its classical action on regulation of bone homeostasis, vitamin D may have a potent impact on cytokine profiles and neuro-inflammation. Given the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D and its high rate of deficiency in MS patients, prescribing vitamin D is a remarkable issue in MS. The results from several experimental and clinical studies indicate that vitamin D supplementation may ameliorate the inflammation during the relapse phase and attenuate disease progression. We present the experimental and clinical studies, which assessed the effects of vitamin D on the pathophysiology, prevalence and management of MS. The authors also discuss current recommendations on prescription of this vitamin to MS patients.
authors: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Faridar
authors: Ghazaleh
authors: G
authors: Eskandari
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Sahraian
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Minagar
authors: Amirreza
authors: A
authors: Azimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D