Neurobiological sequelae of witnessing stressful events in adult mice.
BACKGROUND
It is well known that exposure to severe stress increases the risk for developing mood disorders. However, most chronic stress models in rodents involve at least some form of physically experiencing traumatic events.


METHODS
This study assessed the effects of a novel social stress paradigm that is insulated from the effects of physical stress. Specifically, adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either emotional (ES) or physical stress (PS) for 10 minutes per day for 10 days. The ES mice were exposed to the social defeat of a PS mouse by a larger, more aggressive CD-1 mouse from the safety of an adjacent compartment.


RESULTS
Like PS mice, ES mice exhibited a range of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors both 24 hours and 1 month after the stress. Increased levels of serum corticosterone, part of the stress response, accompanied these behavioral deficits. Based on previous work that implicated gene expression changes in the ventral tegmental area (a key brain reward region) in the PS phenotype, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression patterns in this brain region of ES and PS mice using RNA-seq. We found significant overlap between these conditions, which suggests several potential gene targets for mediating the behavioral abnormalities observed.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that witnessing traumatic events is a potent stress in adult male mice capable of inducing long-lasting neurobiological perturbations.
Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Brandon L
BL
Warren
Vincent F
VF
Vialou
Sergio D
SD
Iñiguez
Lyonna F
LF
Alcantara
Katherine N
KN
Wright
Jiang
J
Feng
Pamela J
PJ
Kennedy
Quincey
Q
Laplant
Li
L
Shen
Eric J
EJ
Nestler
Carlos A
CA
Bolaños-Guzmán
D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012919:Social Behavior; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000378:metabolism*
D005473:Fluoxetine; D003345:Corticosterone