QuEChERS: a new sample preparation approach for the determination of ibuprofen and its metabolites in soils.
Ibuprofen is one of the most used active pharmaceutical ingredients worldwide. A new method for the analysis of ibuprofen and its metabolites, hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen, in soils is presented. The extraction of these compounds from the soil matrices was performed by using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The method involves a single extraction of the investigated compounds with purified water (acidified at pH 2.5 with hydrochloric acid), and a slow and continuous addition of the QuEChERS content, followed by the addition of acidified acetonitrile (1% acetic acid), prior to the determination by liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD). Validation studies were carried out using soil samples with a range of organic carbon contents. Recoveries of the fortified samples ranged from 79.5% to 101%. Relative standard deviations for all matrix-compound combinations did not exceed 3%. The method quantification limits were ≤22.4 μg kg(-1) in all cases. The developed method was applied to the analysis of sixteen real samples.
REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, no. 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Idalina
I
Bragança
Alexandra
A
Plácido
Paula
P
Paíga
Valentina F
VF
Domingues
Cristina
C
Delerue-Matos
D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007052:Ibuprofen