Assessment of exposure to TDI and MDI during polyurethane foam production in Poland using integrated theoretical and experimental data.
The aim of this study was to develop an optimal strategy for the assessment of inhalation exposure to isocyanates such as TDI and MDI in the production of polyurethane foam by integration of theoretical and experimental data. ECETOC TRA and EASE predictive models were used to determine the estimated levels of exposure to isocyanates. The results of our study suggest that both applications EASE and ECETOC TRA can be used as a screening 1st Tier tool in this case study. PROC12 ECETOC TRA category can be linked to exposure on TDI during polyurethane foam manufacturing because it is working properly and exceeds 90th percentile measured concentration with factor 3 and the maximum measured value with factor 1, 5. The value estimated by using category PROC2 is underestimated so this category should not be linked to this scenario. At the same time, the applications of EASE overstate the expected concentrations although the scenario "Use in closed process" seems to underestimate the exposure at the "lower end". For MDI the both models estimate exposure in a conservative manner.
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Chemical Safety, st. Teresy str. 8, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: dobecka@imp.lodz.pl.
Małgorzata
M
Kupczewska-Dobecka
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Chemical Safety, st. Teresy str. 8, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
Sławomir
S
Czerczak
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Chemical Safety, st. Teresy str. 8, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
Sławomir
S
Brzeźnicki
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D003485:Cyanates / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D017953:Isocyanates; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate / Q000032:analysis*
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003485:Cyanates; D017953:Isocyanates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate; C059330:methylene diisocyanate; C028279:polyurethane foam