Piezoelectric nanoribbons for monitoring cellular deformations.
Methods for probing mechanical responses of mammalian cells to electrical excitations can improve our understanding of cellular physiology and function. The electrical response of neuronal cells to applied voltages has been studied in detail, but less is known about their mechanical response to electrical excitations. Studies using atomic force microscopes (AFMs) have shown that mammalian cells exhibit voltage-induced mechanical deflections at nanometre scales, but AFM measurements can be invasive and difficult to multiplex. Here we show that mechanical deformations of neuronal cells in response to electrical excitations can be measured using piezoelectric PbZr(x)Ti(1-x)O(3) (PZT) nanoribbons, and we find that cells deflect by 1 nm when 120 mV is applied to the cell membrane. The measured cellular forces agree with a theoretical model in which depolarization caused by an applied voltage induces a change in membrane tension, which results in the cell altering its radius so that the pressure remains constant across the membrane. We also transfer arrays of PZT nanoribbons onto a silicone elastomer and measure mechanical deformations on a cow lung that mimics respiration. The PZT nanoribbons offer a minimally invasive and scalable platform for electromechanical biosensing.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey                 08544, USA.
Thanh D
TD
Nguyen
Nikhil
N
Deshmukh
John M
JM
Nagarah
Tal
T
Kramer
Prashant K
PK
Purohit
Michael J
MJ
Berry
Michael C
MC
McAlpine
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon