Early skin immunological disturbance after Plasmodium-infected mosquito bites.
Although the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during malaria infection has been studied extensively, such studies have focused exclusively on the role of Treg during the blood stage of infection; little is known about the detailed mechanisms of Tregs and sporozoite deposition in the dermis by mosquito bites. In this paper we show that sporozoites introduced into the skin by mosquito bites increase the mobility of skin Tregs and dendritic cells (DCs). We also show differences in MHC class II and/or CD86 expression on skin-resident dendritic cell subtypes and macrophages. From the observed decrease of the number of APCs into draining lymph nodes, suppression of CD28 expression in conventional CD4 T cells, and a low homeostatic proliferation of skin-migrated CD4 T found in nude mice indicate that Tregs may play a fundamental role during the initial phase of malaria parasite inoculation into the mammalian host.
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal.
Henrique Borges
HB
da Silva
Susana S
SS
Caetano
Isadora
I
Monteiro
Iván
I
Gómez-Conde
Kirsten
K
Hanson
Carlos
C
Penha-Gonçalves
David N
DN
Olivieri
Maria M
MM
Mota
Cláudio R
CR
Marinho
Maria R
MR
D'Imperio Lima
Carlos E
CE
Tadokoro
D000818:Animals; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D009033:Culicidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008288:Malaria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D012876:Skin Diseases, Parasitic / Q000276:immunology*; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology
D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse