Prevalence of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and associated factors in Koranic boarding schools in Senegal.
BACKGROUND
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is the most common clinical syndrome preceding noma. It is found in developing countries and in malnourished children and especially in deprived groups such as children at Koranic boarding schools. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and factors associated with its occurrence in a boarding school population.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of children in Koranic boarding schools in the city of Touba, Senegal. A multistage sampling strategy was used and 8 out of 17 schools were selected. The variables collected were gender, age, oral hygiene habits, duration of residence, presence of ulcerative gingivitis and plaque, and gingival bleeding index. A logistic regression analysis with R software using the manual procedure down was used to identify factors associated with the dependent variables.


RESULTS
There were 501 participants and boys made up 92% of the study group. The mean age was 9.3 (sd 4.0) years. The mean of duration residence was 3.4 (sd 1.5) years. The prevalence of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis was 37% and 81% of children did not use a toothbrush or a chewing-stick. The length of residence, school size, hygiene habits and plaque and bleeding indices were significantly associated with necrotizing gingivitis after adjustment for other variables.


CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary to develop oral hygiene programs, to establish policies to manage the oral health of children and to improve health and nutrition at Koranic boarding-schools.
Public Health Dentistry Office, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Dakar, Senegal. dioufmass78@yahoo.fr
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D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D005892:Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010512:Periodontal Index; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012574:Schools; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult