Chemical composition of fennel essential oil and its impact on Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin production.
In this study, fennel oil was isolated by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectral analysis. The antimicrobial activity of fennel oil against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by broth microdilution. A haemolysis assay, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release assay, western blot, and real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR were applied to investigate the influence of fennel oil on the production of S. aureus virulence-related exoproteins. The data show that fennel oil, which contains a high level of trans-anethole, was active against S. aureus, with MICs ranging from 64 to 256 μg/ml. Furthermore, fennel oil, when used at subinhibitory concentrations, could dose-dependently decrease the expression of S. aureus exotoxins, including α-toxin, Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1).
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333#, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
Jiazhang
J
Qiu
Hongen
H
Li
Hongwei
H
Su
Jing
J
Dong
Mingjing
M
Luo
Jianfeng
J
Wang
Bingfeng
B
Leng
Yanhong
Y
Deng
Juxiong
J
Liu
Xuming
X
Deng
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D030001:Foeniculum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006461:Hemolysis; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005098:Exotoxins; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha