Asthma and allergies in Jamaican children aged 2-17 years: a cross-sectional prevalence survey.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and severity of asthma and allergies as well as risk factors for asthma among Jamaican children aged 2-17 years.


METHODS
A cross-sectional, community-based prevalence survey using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The authors selected a representative sample of 2017 children using stratified, multistage cluster sampling design using enumeration districts as primary sampling units.


METHODS
Jamaica, a Caribbean island with a total population of approximately 2.6 million, geographically divided into 14 parishes.


METHODS
Children aged 2-17 years, who were resident in private households. Institutionalised children such as those in boarding schools and hospitals were excluded from the survey.


METHODS
The prevalence and severity of asthma and allergy symptoms, doctor-diagnosed asthma and risk factors for asthma.


RESULTS
Almost a fifth (19.6%) of Jamaican children aged 2-17 years had current wheeze, while 16.7% had self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma. Both were more common among males than among females. The prevalence of rhinitis, hay fever and eczema among children was 24.5%, 25% and 17.3%, respectively. Current wheeze was more common among children with rhinitis in the last 12 months (44.3% vs 12.6%, p<0.001), hay fever (36.8% vs 13.8%, p<0.001) and eczema (34.1% vs 16.4%, p<0.001). Independent risk factors for current wheeze (ORs, 95% CI) were chest infections in the first year of life 4.83 (3.00 to 7.77), parental asthma 4.19 (2.8 to 6.08), rhinitis in the last 12 months 6.92 (5.16 to 9.29), hay fever 4.82 (3.62 to 6.41), moulds in the home 2.25 (1.16 to 4.45), cat in the home 2.44 (1.66 to 3.58) and dog in the home 1.81 (1.18 to 2.78).


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of asthma and allergies in Jamaican children is high. Significant risk factors for asthma include chest infections in the first year of life, a history of asthma in the family, allergies, moulds and pets in the home.
The UWI School of Nursing, Mona, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
Eulalia K
EK
Kahwa
Norman K
NK
Waldron
Novie O
NO
Younger
Nancy C
NC
Edwards
Jennifer M
JM
Knight-Madden
Kay A
KA
Bailey
Yvonne B
YB
Wint
Karen N
KN
Lewis-Bell