Soy milk consumption, inflammation, coagulation, and oxidative stress among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of soy milk consumption compared with cow's milk on inflammation, coagulation, and oxidative stress among patients with diabetic nephropathy.


METHODS
This randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted on 25 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. This study had two trial phases, each for 4 weeks and one washout period for 2 weeks. Patients were randomly assigned to consume a diet containing soy milk or a diet containing cow's milk.


RESULTS
Soy milk consumption resulted in a significant reduction in d-dimer level (percent change: -3.77 vs. 16.13%; P < 0.05). This significant effect remained even after adjusting for confounding factor (carbohydrate intake). However, soy milk consumption had no significant effects on tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and malondialdehyde levels. The result was near to significance regarding the effect of soy milk consumption on hs-CRP (percent change: -35.45 vs. 36.76%; P = 0.05). However, this effect was not significant after adjusting for the confounding variable (carbohydrate intake).


CONCLUSIONS
Soy milk consumption could decrease serum d-dimer level among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. However, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress did not change following soy milk intake among these patients.
Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Maryam Sadat
MS
Miraghajani
Ahmad
A
Esmaillzadeh
Mojgan Mortazavi
MM
Najafabadi
Maryam
M
Mirlohi
Leila
L
Azadbakht
D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein