Nephroprotective activity of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction in experimental rodents.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate nephroprotective potential of Solanum xanthocarpum (S. xanthocarpum) fruit extract(SXE) against gentamicin (GM) induced nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction.


METHODS
Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Control rats that received normal saline (i.p.) and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (p.o.) per day for 8 d. Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of GM (100 mg/kg/d for 8 d) and were treated with SXE (200 and 400 mg/kg/d (p.o.) for 8 d). Plasma and urine urea and creatinine, kidney weight, urine output, blood urea nitrogen, renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation was evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats.


RESULTS
It was observed that the GM treatment induced significant elevation (P<0.001) in plasma and urine urea, creatinine, kidney weight, blood urea nitrogen, renal lipid peroxidation along with significant decrement (P<0.001) in urine output, renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. SXE 200 and 400 mg/kg treatment to GM treated rats recorded significant decrement (up to P<0.001) in plasma and urine urea and creatinine, renal lipid peroxidation along with significant increment (up to P<0.001) in renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Histological observations of kidney tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations.


CONCLUSIONS
These finding powerfully supports that S. xanthocarpum fruit extract acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GM both in the biochemical and histopathological parameters and thus validates its ethnomedicinal use.
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Talib
T
Hussain
Ramesh K
RK
Gupta
K
K
Sweety
Bavani
B
Eswaran
M
M
Vijayakumar
Chandana Venkateswara
CV
Rao
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000633:toxicity; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032322:Solanum; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005839:Gentamicins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012076:Renal Agents; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine