Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS): international standards for validation.
An international expert consensus committee recently recommended a brief battery of tests for cognitive evaluation in multiple sclerosis. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery includes tests of mental processing speed and memory. Recognizing that resources for validation will vary internationally, the committee identified validation priorities, to facilitate international acceptance of BICAMS. Practical matters pertaining to implementation across different languages and countries were discussed. Five steps to achieve optimal psychometric validation were proposed. In Step 1, test stimuli should be standardized for the target culture or language under consideration. In Step 2, examiner instructions must be standardized and translated, including all information from manuals necessary for administration and interpretation. In Step 3, samples of at least 65 healthy persons should be studied for normalization, matched to patients on demographics such as age, gender and education. The objective of Step 4 is test-retest reliability, which can be investigated in a small sample of MS and/or healthy volunteers over 1-3 weeks. Finally, in Step 5, criterion validity should be established by comparing MS and healthy controls. At this time, preliminary studies are underway in a number of countries as we move forward with this international assessment tool for cognition in MS.
Buffalo General Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Suite E2, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA. benedict@buffalo.edu
Ralph H B
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Benedict
Maria Pia
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Amato
Jan
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Boringa
Bruno
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Brochet
Fred
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Foley
Stan
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Fredrikson
Paivi
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Hamalainen
Hans
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Hartung
Lauren
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Krupp
Iris
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Penner
Anthony T
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Reder
Dawn
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Langdon
D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results