Subjectivity in psychological science: from problem to prospect.
The problem of subjectivity within psychological research has long been recognized. The practices of scientific psychology, however, continue to assume that objectivity is desirable, even if not completely possible, and that subjectivity is a source of bias that must be minimized or eliminated. Such a dispassionate stance has offered and continues to offer a range of benefits, not least a tight focus on participants' relevant responses. Nonetheless, in this article, we question the wisdom of always or automatically working to minimize participant and researcher subjectivity, and we invite psychological researchers to consider the benefits of a more, what we term, reflexive scientific attitude. We turn in particular to recent theoretical and methodological innovations within qualitative research in order to help us progress toward a more reflexive psychological science where subjectivity is re-viewed as a resource that can be tapped in order to contextualize and enrich the psychological research process and its products.
Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU United Kingdom. brendan.gough@ntu.ac.uk
Brendan
B
Gough
Anna
A
Madill
D001290:Attitude; D015982:Bias; D006801:Humans; D011584:Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012107:Research Design