Complementary stable carbon isotope ratio and amount of substance measurements in sports anti-doping.
The detection of steroids originating from synthetic precursors against a background of their chemically identical natural analogues has proven to be a significant challenge for doping control laboratories accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The complementary application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) has been demonstrated to provide specific detection of endogenous steroid misuse for improved anti-doping analysis. Markers of synthetically derived steroids are reviewed on the basis of abnormal urinary excretions and low (13)C content. A combinatorial approach is presented for the interpretation of GC-MS and GC-C-IRMS data in the anti-doping context. This methodology can allow all relevant information concerning an individual's metabolism to be assessed in order to make an informed decision with respect to a doping violation.
Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia. acawley@racingnsw.com.au
Adam T
AT
Cawley
Adrian V
AV
George
D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001711:Biotransformation; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000652:urine*; D020650:Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; D004300:Doping in Sports; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000652:urine*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013256:Steroids / Q000652:urine*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
D045930:Anabolic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D013256:Steroids