Diabetes mellitus Type 2--the new face of an old lady.
Already 600 years before Christ, type 2 diabetes was known as a disease of elevated blood sugar levels associated with obesity. Since then, it appears, our understanding of the disease has not changed much, aside from the replacement of tasting the patients' urine by the measurement of plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c) for its diagnosis and the discovery of some new drugs. Already, in those old days a physician from India named Sushrut described diabetes mellitus as a disease characterised by the passage of large amounts of urine and its "honey-like" taste and, noteworthy, as a disease that is mainly associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, recommending physical activity as the primary treatment option. Although these milestone observations remain valid, major progress in the underlying pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes has been achieved showing a new face of this old disease and opening doors for novel treatment options. This review will highlight recent pathophysiological aspects of type 2 diabetes, actual diagnostic and treatment guidelines and discuss some possible upcoming new therapeutic strategies.
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. KTimper@uhbs.ch
Katharina
K
Timper
Marc Y
MY
Donath
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors