Novel syndrome of four-limb proximal fragility fractures associated with HIV infection, cholestatic liver failure, and histiocytic infiltration of bone marrow.
We report a syndrome of four-limb proximal fragility fractures associated with HIV infection, cholestatic liver failure, and histiocytic infiltration of bone marrow in a 40-year-old African American man. The patient presented with multiple fractures in the proximal humeri and femurs without osteopenia in the vertebrae. His right humerus appeared normal on chest X-ray film 3 years before presentation when he was first diagnosed with HIV infection and abnormal liver functions. At presentation, the patient had vitamin D deficiency, hypogonadism, and low IGF- 1 levels, but did not have hyperparathyroidism. Bone biopsy showed diffuse foamy histiocytic infiltration of bone marrow at all fracture sites without evidence of infectious or neoplastic processes. Exhaustive search did not identify any similar cases in the English literature. Our case likely represents a novel syndrome, the etiology of which is probably multifactorial and includes HIV infection, cholestatic liver failure, immobility, and endocrine abnormalities. The case further calls for the need for monitoring of bone health in patients with HIV infection or liver disease.
Division of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. run.yu@cshs.org
Run
R
Yu
Nicholas N
NN
Nissen
Bonnie
B
Balzer
Xuemo
X
Fan
D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism
D014807:Vitamin D