Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces renal fibrosis and hypertension in rats with renal failure.
BACKGROUND
Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in chronic kidney disease may be involved in the progression of renal failure and injury, and cardiovascular disease. We investigated the effect of TNF-α neutralization on renal failure, inflammation and fibrosis, and blood pressure in rats with renal failure.


RESULTS
Renal failure was induced by renal mass reduction and the animals were treated with PEG-sTNFR1, a pegylated form of soluble TNF type 1 receptor that neutralizes TNF-α, for 6 weeks. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were higher in renal failure rats that were associated with increased serum creatinine, albuminuria and renal injury comprised of blood vessel media hypertrophy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. These changes were associated with greater levels of TNF-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, nuclear transcription factor NF-ĸB and cytosolic phospho-IĸB-α, and inflammatory markers expression (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1). Moreover, endothelin (ET)-1 production was also increased, whereas nitric oxide (NO) release was decreased. TNF-α neutralization reduced hypertension, albuminuria and renal inflammation and fibrosis, which were coupled to a reduction in renal NF-ĸB activation, inflammatory markers expression, TGF-β1 and ET-1 production, and an increase in NO release.


CONCLUSIONS
Neutralization of TNF-α in rats with renal failure decreases NF-ĸB activity that is associated with a reduction in renal TGF-β1 and ET-1 production, and an improvement of NO release. These effects likely reduce renal inflammation and fibrosis, and blood pressure indicating a pivotal role for TNF-α, at least, in the progression of renal injury.
Nephrology and Hypertension, CHUQ Research Centre, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Que., Canada.
Frédérick J
FJ
Therrien
Mohsen
M
Agharazii
Marcel
M
Lebel
Richard
R
Larivière
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat