Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: promises for diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Smart superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are the most promising candidate for theragnosis (i.e., diagnosis and treatment) of multiple sclerosis. A deep understanding of the dynamics of the in vivo neuropathology of multiple sclerosis can be achieved by improving the efficiency of various medical techniques (e.g., positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) using multimodal SPIONs. In this Review, recent advances and challenges in the development of smart SPIONs for theragnostic applications are comprehensively described. In addition, critical outlines of emerging developments are provided from the points of view of both clinicians and nanotechnologists.
National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 11365-8639, Iran. mahmoudi@biospion.com
Morteza
M
Mahmoudi
Mohammad A
MA
Sahraian
Mohammad A
MA
Shokrgozar
Sophie
S
Laurent
D000818:Animals; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D005290:Ferric Compounds; C427127:superparamagnetic blood pool agent; C000499:ferric oxide; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide