Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for livestock but its efficiency of utilization is below 40%, contributing to environmental issues. In this review, we summarize recent approaches to optimize P availability in livestock diets and improve its utilization efficiency. Phase feeding could potentially reduce P excretion by 20%. Addition of phytase enzymes to diets increased P availability from 42 to 95%. Low phytate transgenic plants and transgenic animals increased P availability by 14% and 52-99%, respectively. In practice, a combination of phase feeding and enzymes has the highest potential for P reduction but legislation and ethics implications will prevent using transgenic animals in the short term. Functional and nutritional genomics may provide tools to improve efficiency in the future.
Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ekebreab@ucdavis.edu
Ermias
E
Kebreab
Anja V
AV
Hansen
Anders B
AB
Strathe
D010832:6-Phytase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D023281:Genomics; D058751:Livestock / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D010710:Phosphates; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D010833:Phytic Acid; D010832:6-Phytase