Added sugars: consumption and associated factors among adults and the elderly. São Paulo, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate added sugar intake, main dietary sources and factors associated with excessive intake of added sugar.


METHODS
A population-based household survey was carried out in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. Cluster sampling was performed and the study sample comprised 689 adults and 622 elderly individuals. Dietary intake was estimated based on a 24-hour food recall. Usual nutrient intake was estimated by correcting for the within-person variance of intake using the Iowa State University (ISU) method. Linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with added sugar intake.


RESULTS
Average of energy intake (EI) from added sugars was 9.1% (95% CI: 8.9%; 9.4%) among adults and 8.4% (95% CI: 8.2%; 8.7%) among the elderly (p < 0.05). Average added sugar intake (% EI) was higher among women than among men (p < 0.05). Soft drink was the main source of added sugar among adults, while table sugar was the main source of added sugar among the elderly. Added sugar intake increased with age among adults. Moreover, higher socioeconomic level was associated with added sugar intake in the same group.


CONCLUSIONS
Added sugar intake is higher among younger adults of higher socioeconomic level. Soft drink and table sugar accounted for more than 50% of the sugar consumed.
Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. mibueno@yahoo.com
Milena Baptista
MB
Bueno
Dirce Maria Lobo
DM
Marchioni
Chester Luis Galvão
CL
César
Regina Mara
RM
Fisberg
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D004032:Diet; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D055815:Young Adult
D019422:Dietary Sucrose