HPMC supplementation reduces abdominal fat content, intestinal permeability, inflammation, and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.
METHODS
The effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a highly viscous nonfermentable soluble dietary fiber, were evaluated on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet supplemented with either HPMC or insoluble fiber.


RESULTS
DIO C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet supplemented with 6% HPMC or 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Gene expression analyses of epididymal adipose tissue by exon microarray and real-time PCR along with glucose and insulin tolerance and intestinal permeability were assessed. HPMC-fed mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight as well as reduced areas under the curve for 2-h insulin and glucose responses. HPMC significantly decreased HF diet-induced intestinal permeability. Overall, HPMC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and downregulated genes related to inflammation and immune response, adipogenesis, and oxidative stress markers. Pathway analysis of microarray data identified lipid metabolism, inflammatory disease, and acute phase response pathways as being differentially regulated by HPMC.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest HPMC consumption ameliorates HF diet effects on obesity-induced insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammatory and immune responses, weight gain, as well as intestinal permeability.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; USDA, ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 95616, USA. hyskim@ucdavis.edu
Hyunsook
H
Kim
Glenn E
GE
Bartley
Scott A
SA
Young
Paul A
PA
Davis
Wallace
W
Yokoyama
D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015870:Gene Expression; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced; D010539:Permeability; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
D001786:Blood Glucose; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose