Retail redlining in New York City: racialized access to day-to-day retail resources.
Racial residential segregation is associated with health inequalities in the USA, and one of the primary mechanisms is through influencing features of the neighborhood physical environment. To better understand how Black residential segregation might contribute to health risk, we examined retail redlining; the inequitable distribution of retail resources across racially distinct areas. A combination of visual and analytic methods was used to investigate whether predominantly Black census block groups in New York City had poor access to retail stores important for health. After controlling for retail demand, median household income, population density, and subway ridership, percent Black was associated with longer travel distances to various retail industries. Our findings suggest that Black neighborhoods in New York City face retail redlining. Future research is needed to determine how retail redlining may perpetuate health disparities and socioeconomic disadvantage.
Department of Human Ecology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. nokwate@rci.rutgers.edu
Naa Oyo A
NO
Kwate
Ji Meng
JM
Loh
Kellee
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White
Nelson
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Saldana
D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005843:Geography; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D063505:Racism / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D001741:Black or African American