Advanced corneal cross-linking system with fluorescence dosimetry.
Purpose. This paper describes an advanced system that combines corneal cross-linking with riboflavin with fluorescence dosimetry, the ability to measure riboflavin diffusion within the cornea both before and during UVA treatment. Methods and Results. A corneal cross-linking system utilizing a digital micromirror device (DMD) was assembled and used to measure diffusion coefficients of 0.1% riboflavin in 20% dextran in porcine eyes. A value of (3.3 ± 0.2) × 10(-7) cm(2)/s was obtained for the stroma. Diffusion coefficients for the transepithelial formulation of 0.1% riboflavin in 0.44% saline and 0.02% BAK were also measured to be 4.7 ± 0.3 × 10(-8) cm(2)/s for epithelium only and (4.6 ± 0.4) × 10(-7) cm(2)/s for stroma only. Riboflavin consumption during a UVA treatment was also demonstrated. Conclusion. A new advanced corneal cross-linking system with fluorescence dosimetry of riboflavin has been demonstrated. It is hoped that this method may play a significant role in determining the underlying mechanisms of corneal cross-linking and assist with the development of additional riboflavin formulations. Moreover, dosimetry may prove valuable in providing a method to account for the biological differences between individuals, potentially informing cornea-specific UVA treatment doses in real time.
Research and Development, Avedro Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
Marc D
MD
Friedman
Radha
R
Pertaub
David
D
Usher
Evan
E
Sherr
Pavel
P
Kamaev
David
D
Muller