Long-term clinical outcome after Lyme neuroborreliosis in childhood.
OBJECTIVE
To determine long-term clinical outcome in children with confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and to evaluate persistent subjective symptoms compared with a control group.


METHODS
After a median of 5 years, 84 children with confirmed LNB underwent a neurologic re-examination, including a questionnaire. Medical records were analyzed, and a control group (n = 84) was included.


RESULTS
The total recovery rate was 73% (n = 61). Objective neurologic findings, defined as "definite sequelae," were found in 16 patients (19%). The majority of these children had persistent facial nerve palsy (n = 11), but other motor or sensory deficits occurred (n = 5). Neurologic signs and/or symptoms defined as "possible sequelae" were found in another 7 patients (8%), mainly of sensory character. Nonspecific subjective symptoms were reported by 35 patients (42%) and 32 controls (38%) (nonsignificant). Affected daily activities or school performance were reported to the same extent in both groups (23% vs 20%, nonsignificant).


CONCLUSIONS
The long-term clinical recovery rate was 73% in children with confirmed LNB. Persistent facial nerve palsy occurred in 13%, whereas other motor or sensory deficits were found in another 14%. Neurologic deficits did not affect daily activities or school performance more often among patients than controls and should be considered as mild. Furthermore, nonspecific subjective symptoms such as headache, fatigue, or memory or concentration problems were reported as often among patients as controls and should not be considered as sequelae after LNB.
Center for Clinical Research in Dalarna (CKF), Nissersv. 3, SE-791 82 Falun, Sweden. barbro.hedinskogman@ltdalarna.se
Barbro H
BH
Skogman
Kajsa
K
Glimåker
Maria
M
Nordwall
Magnus
M
Vrethem
Lars
L
Ödkvist
Pia
P
Forsberg
D000124:Achievement; D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D020852:Lyme Neuroborreliosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D004856:Postural Balance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis