Tendon healing: repair and regeneration.
Injury and degeneration of tendon, the soft tissue that mechanically links muscle and bone, can cause substantial pain and loss of function. This review discusses the composition and function of healthy tendon and describes the structural, biological, and mechanical changes initiated during the process of tendon healing. Biochemical pathways activated during repair, experimental injury models, and parallels between tendon healing and tendon development are emphasized, and cutting-edge strategies for the enhancement of tendon healing are discussed.
McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6081, USA.
Pramod B
PB
Voleti
Mark R
MR
Buckley
Louis J
LJ
Soslowsky
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000503:physiopathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D004548:Elasticity; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013710:Tendons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*