Influence of smoking cues in movies on children's beliefs about smoking.
OBJECTIVE
Experimental research has revealed that short exposure to movie smoking affects beliefs about smoking in adolescents. In this study, we tested that association in children.


METHODS
In 2 experiments, participants were exposed to either a cartoon or family-oriented movie and randomly assigned to 20-minute segments with or without smoking characters. Data collection took place at elementary schools. A total of 101 children (8-10 years; 47.5% boys) were exposed to a cartoon, and in a second experiment, 105 children (8-11 years; 56.2% boys) were exposed to a family-oriented movie. Beliefs about smoking (assessed by questionnaire) and implicit associations toward smoking (single target implicit association task) were assessed after watching the movie.


RESULTS
The majority of both samples of children viewed smoking unfavorably. Exposure to movie smoking had no effect on implicit associations toward smoking when experiments were analyzed separately or if the results were combined. For smoking beliefs, effects were again small and only statistically significant for social norms regarding smoking.


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term exposure to smoking in cartoon and family-oriented movies had little immediate impact on beliefs about smoking in preadolescent children, but a significant cumulative impact on norms cannot be ruled out.
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. k.lochbuehler@pwo.ru.nl
Kirsten
K
Lochbuehler
James D
JD
Sargent
Ron H J
RH
Scholte
Sara
S
Pieters
Rutger C M E
RC
Engels
D001244:Association; D002648:Child; D003463:Cues; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009426:Netherlands; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012932:Social Facilitation; D012945:Social Values