A cluster randomized trial to assess the effect of clinical pathways for patients with stroke: results of the clinical pathways for effective and appropriate care study.
BACKGROUND
Clinical pathways (CPs) are used to improve the outcomes of acute stroke, but their use in stroke care is questionable, because the evidence on their effectiveness is still inconclusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether CPs improve the outcomes and the quality of care provided to patients after acute ischemic stroke.


METHODS
This was a multicentre cluster-randomized trial, in which 14 hospitals were randomized to the CP arm or to the non intervention/usual care (UC) arm. Healthcare workers in the CP arm received 3 days of training in quality improvement of CPs and in use of a standardized package including information on evidence-based key interventions and indicators. Healthcare workers in the usual-care arm followed their standard procedures. The teams in the CP arm developed their CPs over a 6-month period. The primary end point was mortality. Secondary end points were: use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, implementation of organized care, length of stay, re-admission and institutionalization rates after discharge, dependency levels, and complication rates.


RESULTS
Compared with the patients in the UC arm, the patients in the CP arm had a significantly lower risk of mortality at 7 days (OR = 0.10; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.95) and significantly lower rates of adverse functional outcomes, expressed as the odds of not returning to pre-stroke functioning in their daily life (OR = 0.42; 95 CI 0.18 to 0.98). There was no significant effect on 30-day mortality. Compared with the UC arm, the hospital diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were performed more appropriately in the CP arm, and the evidence-based key interventions and organized care were more applied in the CP arm.


CONCLUSIONS
CPs can significantly improve the outcomes of patients with ischemic patients with stroke, indicating better application of evidence-based key interventions and of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study tested a new hypothesis and provided evidence on how CPs can work.


BACKGROUND
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: [NCT00673491].
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy. panella@med.unipmn.it
Massimiliano
M
Panella
Sara
S
Marchisio
Romeo
R
Brambilla
Kris
K
Vanhaecht
Francesco
F
Di Stanislao
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000592:standards; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D058996:Quality Improvement; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents