Shaddock peels (Citrus maxima) phenolic extracts inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I-converting enzyme activities: a nutraceutical approach to diabetes management.
In this study, the interactions of free and bound phenolic-rich extracts from shaddock peels (popular in folklore for the management of diabetes and hypertension) with α-amylase and α-glucosidase (key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) (key enzyme linked to hypertension) were assessed. The free phenolics of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peels were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate; and their interaction with the enzymes were assessed. The phenolic extracts inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase and ACE enzyme activities in a dose-dependent manner; however, bound phenolics had significantly higher (P<0.05) α-amylase inhibitory activities, than free phenolics, which had significantly higher (P<0.05) ACE inhibitory activities. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The stronger inhibition of α-glucosidase when compared to α-amylase is of great pharmaceutical importance. The phenolic inhibited sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in pancreas in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, free and bound phenolic extracts from shaddock peels could be used as nutraceutical for the management of hypertension and type-2 diabetes.
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria. goboh2001@yahoo.com
Ganiyu
G
Oboh
Ayokunle O
AO
Ademosun
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019800:Phenol; D000516:alpha-Amylases