A new transcutaneous bidirectional communication for monitoring implanted artificial heart using the human body as a conductive medium.
A transcutaneous communication system (TCS) is a key technology for monitoring and controlling artificial hearts and other artificial organs in the body. In this study, we developed a new TCS that uses the human body as a conductive medium. Direct data exchange provides a higher level of communication security compared to that of wireless methods without physical constraints such as an external wire. The external and internal units of the new TCS each consist mainly of a data transmitter and a data receiver. The data transmitter has an amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulator (carrier frequencies: 4 and 10 MHz) and an electrode. The ASK-modulated data current is led into the body through the electrode, and it flows back to the energy source through the body, the data receiver, and the earth ground that includes all conductors and dielectrics in the environment that are in close proximity to the patient. Performance of the TCS was evaluated by a communication test on the surface of the human body and in an animal experiment using a goat. The TCS was able to transmit data concurrently for 4 weeks between everywhere on the surface of the body and everywhere inside the body under full-duplex communication at a transmission rate of 115 kbps. The power consumption of each TCS unit was 125 mW with an ASK-modulated current of 7 mA (root-mean-square). While further study is required to secure its safety, the newly developed TCS has promise to be a next-generation transcutaneous communication device.
Department of Human Science and Informatics, School of Bioscience and Engineering, Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan. okamoto@tspirit.tokai-u.jp
Eiji
E
Okamoto
Yoshikuni
Y
Kato
Kazuyuki
K
Seino
Hidekazu
H
Miura
Yasuyuki
Y
Shiraishi
Tomoyuki
T
Yambe
Yoshinori
Y
Mitamura
D000818:Animals; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006041:Goats; D006354:Heart, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*