RETRACTED: Nitric oxide and flavonoids are systemically induced by UV-B in maize leaves.
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of Cristina Lombardo, Lorenzo Lamattina, Raul Cassia.
Several figures in the article by Tossi et al appear to have been intentionally manipulated and, therefore, representing results that are not accurate.
The specific concerns are 1) the NO/-UVB panel in Fig. 1B is an apparent duplication of the Fig. 4 NO/PC panel; 2) the Flavonoid/UVB panel in Fig. 1B is an apparent duplication of the Fig. 4 Flavonoid/U panel; and 3), many of the RT-PCR bands in Fig. 5 are apparently identical.
The apparent duplications of the panels in Fig. 1B and Fig. 4 appears to have been done intentionally. The brightness of the published Fig. 1B NO/-UVB panel was decreased and rotated 180 degrees relative to the NO/PC panel in Fig. 4. The two images are identical when the brightness of Fig. 1B is enhanced and the Fig. 4 panel rotated 180 degrees as shown in the attachment. Likewise, Fig. 1B Flavonoid/UVB panel was manipulated to disguise it from the Flavonoid/U panel in Fig. 4.
We thank Dr Elisabeth Bik for drawing the irregularities to the authors' attention.
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, CC1245 (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Vanesa
V
Tossi
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Cristina
C
Lombardo
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, CC1245 (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: rocassia@mdp.edu.ar.
Raúl
R
Cassia
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, CC1245 (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Lorenzo
L
Lamattina
D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases / Q000235:genetics; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000528:radiation effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*
D005419:Flavonoids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000217:Acyltransferases; C020141:flavanone synthetase; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases; C019865:chalcone isomerase