Unraveling the uptake mechanisms of mannan nanogel in bone-marrow-derived macrophages.
The mechanisms associated with the cellular internalization of nanomedicines must be carefully considered when designing drug- and vaccine-delivery systems. The cellular fate and effects of nanomedicines depend to a large extent on the cell uptake routes. A self-assembled mannan nanogel is developed as a vaccination platform for antigen and adjuvant delivery. The mannan nanogel uptake by murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages is found to be time-, concentration-, and energy-dependent, involving mannose-receptor-mediated phagocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The nanogel is also visualized in the cytosol suggesting endolysosomal escape. These results indicate that mannan nanogel is a promising versatile carrier for intracellular delivery of vaccines or therapeutic agents.
Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre for Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Sílvia A
SA
Ferreira
Alexandra
A
Correia
Pedro
P
Madureira
Manuel
M
Vilanova
Francisco M
FM
Gama
D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004705:Endocytosis; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008351:Mannans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D049329:Nanostructures; D010587:Phagocytosis
D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D008351:Mannans