Campylobacter jejuni induces acute enterocolitis in gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice via Toll-like-receptor-2 and -4 signaling.
BACKGROUND
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial enterocolitis worldwide. Investigation of immunopathology is hampered by a lack of suitable vertebrate models. We have recently shown that gnotobiotic mice as well as conventional IL-10(-/-) animals are susceptible to C. jejuni infection and develop intestinal immune responses. However, clinical symptoms of C. jejuni infection were rather subtle and did not reflect acute bloody diarrhea seen in human campylobacteriosis.


RESULTS
In order to overcome these limitations we generated gnotobiotic IL-10(-/-) mice by quintuple antibiotic treatment starting right after weaning. The early treatment was essential to prevent these animals from chronic colitis. Following oral infection C. jejuni colonized the gastrointestinal tract at high levels and induced acute enterocolitis within 7 days as indicated by bloody diarrhea and pronounced histopathological changes of the colonic mucosa. Immunopathology was further characterized by increased numbers of apoptotic cells, regulatory T-cells, T- and B-lymphocytes as well as elevated TNF-α, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 concentrations in the inflamed colon. The induction of enterocolitis was specific for C. jejuni given that control animals infected with a commensal E. coli strain did not display any signs of disease. Most strikingly, intestinal immunopathology was ameliorated in mice lacking Toll-like-receptors-2 or -4 indicating that C. jejuni lipoproteins and lipooligosaccharide are essential for induction and progression of immunopathology.


CONCLUSIONS
Gnotobiotic IL-10(-/-) mice develop acute enterocolitis following C. jejuni infection mimicking severe episodes of human campylobacteriosis and are thus well suited to further dissect mechanisms underlying Campylobacter infections in vivo.
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lea-Maxie
LM
Haag
André
A
Fischer
Bettina
B
Otto
Rita
R
Plickert
Anja A
AA
Kühl
Ulf B
UB
Göbel
Stefan
S
Bereswill
Markus M
MM
Heimesaat
D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016753:Interleukin-10