Regenerative cells for transplantation in hepatic failure.
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have an enormous potential; however, their potential clinical application is being arrested due to various limitations such as teratoma formation followed by tumorigenesis, emergent usage, and the quality control  of cells, as well as safety issues regarding long-term culture are also delaying their clinical application. In addition, human ES cells have two crucial issues: immunogenicity and ethical issues associated with their clinical application. The efficient generation of human iPS cells requires  gene transfer, yet the mechanism underlying pluripotent stem cell induction has not yet been fully elucidated. Otherwise, although human adult regenerative cells including mesenchymal stem cells have a limited capacity for differentiation, they are nevertheless promising candidates for tissue  regeneration in a clinical setting. This review highlights the use of regenerative cells for transplantation in hepatic failure.
Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Tetsuya
T
Ishikawa
Agnieszka
A
Banas
Takumi
T
Teratani
Hideki
H
Iwaguro
Takahiro
T
Ochiya
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D023822:Tissue Engineering