Role of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in pig parthenogenetic preimplantation embryonic development.
Arginine modification to citrulline (citrullination) is catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and one of the isomers PAD4 is shown to be involved in the gene regulation. In our previous paper we studied the localization and expression of PAD4 and the target of PAD4 in mammalian gametes and preimplantation embryos. In this study the role of PAD4 was examined in the pig diploid parthenogenetic preimplantation embryonic development. Knockdown of PAD4 by RNAi resulted in delayed development. Inhibition of PAD4 by a potent PAD4 inhibitor Cl-amidine from the time of activation for 24 h resulted in developmental arrest at the first cleavage. Inhibition at the later stages of development resulted in delayed or arrested development. A shorter exposure to Cl-amidine for 6 h at any stage of growth resulted in slow development. Thus, this study suggests that PAD4 activity is essential for the normal development of the embryos.
Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Manjula
M
Brahmajosyula
Masashi
M
Miyake
D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009952:Ornithine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine
C558727:N-alpha-benzoyl-N5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine amide; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D009952:Ornithine; D006867:Hydrolases; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases