A novel flow cytometric HTS assay reveals functional modulators of ATP binding cassette transporter ABCB6.
ABCB6 is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette family of transporter proteins that is increasingly recognized as a relevant physiological and therapeutic target. Evaluation of modulators of ABCB6 activity would pave the way toward a more complete understanding of the significance of this transport process in tumor cell growth, proliferation and therapy-related drug resistance. In addition, this effort would improve our understanding of the function of ABCB6 in normal physiology with respect to heme biosynthesis, and cellular adaptation to metabolic demand and stress responses. To search for modulators of ABCB6, we developed a novel cell-based approach that, in combination with flow cytometric high-throughput screening (HTS), can be used to identify functional modulators of ABCB6. Accumulation of protoporphyrin, a fluorescent molecule, in wild-type ABCB6 expressing K562 cells, forms the basis of the HTS assay. Screening the Prestwick Chemical Library employing the HTS assay identified four compounds, benzethonium chloride, verteporfin, tomatine hydrochloride and piperlongumine, that reduced ABCB6 mediated cellular porphyrin levels. Validation of the identified compounds employing the hemin-agarose affinity chromatography and mitochondrial transport assays demonstrated that three out of the four compounds were capable of inhibiting ABCB6 mediated hemin transport into isolated mitochondria. However, only verteporfin and tomatine hydrochloride inhibited ABCB6's ability to compete with hemin as an ABCB6 substrate. This assay is therefore sensitive, robust, and suitable for automation in a high-throughput environment as demonstrated by our identification of selective functional modulators of ABCB6. Application of this assay to other libraries of synthetic compounds and natural products is expected to identify novel modulators of ABCB6 activity.
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America.
Kishore
K
Polireddy
Mohiuddin Md Taimur
MM
Khan
Hemantkumar
H
Chavan
Susan
S
Young
Xiaochao
X
Ma
Anna
A
Waller
Matthew
M
Garcia
Dominique
D
Perez
Stephanie
S
Chavez
Jacob J
JJ
Strouse
Mark K
MK
Haynes
Cristian G
CG
Bologa
Tudor I
TI
Oprea
George P
GP
Tegos
Larry A
LA
Sklar
Partha
P
Krishnamurthy
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001558:Benzethonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D004148:Dioxolanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006427:Hemin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012685:Sepharose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D014053:Tomatine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077362:Verteporfin; D010881:Piperidones
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001558:Benzethonium; D004148:Dioxolanes; D006427:Hemin; D011166:Porphyrins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D012685:Sepharose; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D014053:Tomatine; D000077362:Verteporfin; C107991:ABCB6 protein, human; C034982:hemin-sepharose; C498077:piperlongumine; D010881:Piperidones