Double oral administration of emtricitabine/tenofovir prior to virus exposure protects against highly pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques.
In the absence of any effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus  (HIV), current anti-retroviral drugs may be suitable for pre-exposure prophylaxis  (PrEP). Previous large clinical trials showed that PrEP reduced HIV infection in  high-risk populations. Emtricitabine/tenofovir (FTC/TDF) may be a suitable agent  for PrEP. FTC/TDF PrEP efficacy was evaluated using a highly pathogenic  simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in a non-human primate model of AIDS,  the SHIV-KS661c/cynomolgus monkey model. Double oral administration of FTC/TDF  (20/30 mg/kg), at 24 h and a few minutes prior to exposure, completely protected  2/3 monkeys from infection. Interestingly, a single oral administration 2 weeks  before viral exposure moderately rescued CD4 cells, although the data did not  reach statistical significance. These results are consistent with previous primate  studies and with recent clinical data.
AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. nakabone＠nih.go.jp
Tadashi
T
Nakasone
Tsutomu
T
Murakami
Naoki
N
Yamamoto
D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D000068698:Tenofovir; D019562:Viral Load
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine