Quantitative modulation of polycomb silencing underlies natural variation in vernalization.
Arabidopsis thaliana accessions have adapted to growth in a wide range of climates. Variation in flowering and alignment of vernalization response with winter length are central to this adaptation. Vernalization involves the epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor FLC via a conserved Polycomb (PRC2) mechanism involving trimethylation of Lys(27) on histone H3 (H3K27me3). We found that variation for response to winter length maps to cis polymorphism within FLC. A rare combination of four polymorphisms localized around the nucleation region of a PHD-Polycomb complex determines a need for longer cold. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that these polymorphisms influence the accumulation of H3K27me3 in Arabidopsis accession Lov-1, both at the nucleation site and over the gene body. Quantitative modulation of chromatin silencing through cis variation may be a general mechanism contributing to evolutionary change.
John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Vincent
V
Coustham
Peijin
P
Li
Amy
A
Strange
Clare
C
Lister
Jie
J
Song
Caroline
C
Dean
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008745:Methylation; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012621:Seasons
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C418902:At5g10140 protein, Arabidopsis; C414613:FRI protein, Arabidopsis; D006657:Histones; C527342:LOV1 protein, Arabidopsis; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; C574170:PRC2 protein, Arabidopsis; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D008239:Lysine