Perylene ligand wrapping G-quadruplex DNA for label-free fluorescence potassium recognition.
A perylene ligand, N,N-bis-(1-aminopropyl-3-propylimidazol salt)-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide ligand (PDI), which consisted of π-conjugated perylene moiety and hydrophilic side chains with positively charged imidazole rings, was used to wrap G-quadruplex for fluorescence turn-on K(+) recognition. Electrostatic attraction between PDI's positively charged imidazole rings and DNA's negatively charged phosphate backbones enabled PDI to accumulate on DNA. Upon trapping K(+), these G-rich DNA sequences transitioned to G-quadruplex. Subsequently, PDI ligands wrapped G-quadruplex, in which the flat aromatic core of PDI ligand interacted with G-quartet through π-π stacking and the side chains were positioned in grooves through electrostatic interactions. Consequently, the interaction mode change and conformational transition from PDI stacked G-sequence to PDI wrapped G-quadruplex led to PDI fluorescence enhancement, which was readily monitored as the detection signal. This strategy excluded the sequence tagging step and exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity towards K(+) ion with the linear detection range of 10-150 nM. Besides, PDI ligands may hold diagnostic and therapeutic application potentials to human telomere and cancer cells.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
Yuwei
Y
Hu
Dongxue
D
Han
Qixian
Q
Zhang
Tongshun
T
Wu
Fenghua
F
Li
Li
L
Niu
D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D005453:Fluorescence; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D006801:Humans; D007094:Imides / Q000737:chemistry*; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
C560550:3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid; D007094:Imides; D008024:Ligands; C517085:perylenetetracarboxylic diimide; D010569:Perylene; D004247:DNA; D011188:Potassium