Direct and indirect costs of sleep disturbances and residual symptoms in patients treated for depression: analysis of a nationwide cross sectional survey.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between inadequate response to depression treatment and sleep disturbances, work productivity loss, and resource utilization.


METHODS
Adults reporting antidepressant use for more than 90 days (n = 6116) in the 2009 US National Health and Wellness Survey were categorized as non-, partial-, or complete responders to depression treatment. Multivariable analyses, adjusting for patient characteristics and comorbidities, examined the association of treatment response with sleep disturbances (including possible mediation), productivity, and resource use.


RESULTS
Partial- and nonresponders, versus complete responders, experienced greater sleep disturbance, productivity loss, and resource use. Mediation results were consistent with the possibility that sleep disturbances predicted inadequate treatment response, which led to greater resource use.


CONCLUSIONS
Sleep disturbances are prevalent in depression and associated with increased resource use. Appropriate management, including antidepressants that alleviate sleep disturbances, may improve functional and economic outcomes.
Kantar Health, Princeton, NJ, USA. shaloo.gupta@kantarhealth.com
Shaloo
S
Gupta
Amir
A
Goren
Edward
E
Kim
Susan
S
Gabriel
Leon
L
Dupclay
D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000191:economics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
D000928:Antidepressive Agents