Environmental impact of phthalic acid esters and their removal from water and sediments by different technologies--a review.
This article describes the most recent methods developed to remove phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from water, wastewater, sludge, and soil. In general, PAEs are considered to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), whose effects may not appear until long after exposure. There are numerous methods for removing PAEs from the environment, including physical, chemical and biological treatments, advanced oxidation processes and combinations of these techniques. This review largely focuses on the treatment of PAEs in aqueous solutions but also reports on their treatment in soil and sludge, as well as their effects on human health and the environment.
Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. engdaim@ugr.es
Mahmoud M
MM
Abdel daiem
José
J
Rivera-Utrilla
Raúl
R
Ocampo-Pérez
José D
JD
Méndez-Díaz
Manuel
M
Sánchez-Polo
D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
D060766:Drinking Water; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid