Effect of hydrosoluble chlorine-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on clinical parameters and cytokine profile in ligature-induced periodontitis in dogs.
BACKGROUND
Recently, a hydrosoluble chlorine composed of sodium salts chlorine e6, chlorine p6, and purpurine-5 has been shown to be a promising photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of adjunctive application of hydrosoluble chlorine-mediated aPDT compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone on clinical parameters and cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid of dogs with experimental periodontitis.


METHODS
Periodontal disease was induced by placing silk ligatures around both maxillary and mandibular teeth. After establishment of attachment loss, full-mouth SRP was performed in all dogs. One day after SRP, each quadrant randomly received one of the following treatment modalities: hydrosoluble chlorine plus diode laser (wavelength 662 nm, power 100 mW, continuous mode, time of irradiation 20 seconds), hydrosoluble chlorine alone, laser alone, or no adjunctive treatment. The same adjunctive procedure was repeated 1 week later. Clinical parameters including periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing, as well as crevicular levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, were evaluated at baseline, at 3 weeks, and at 3 months after treatment.


RESULTS
After both 3 weeks and 3 months, all treatment groups showed significant improvement in all clinical and immunologic parameters (P <0.001). No significant differences were found between the four groups with regard to the measured parameters (P >0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of this study, adjunctive use of hydrosoluble chlorine-mediated aPDT with the current setting has no additional effect on the clinical parameters or proinflammatory cytokine levels in ligature-induced periodontitis.
Laser Research Center of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Parand
P
Sorkhdini
Neda
N
Moslemi
Shahram
S
Jamshidi
Raika
R
Jamali
Ali Akbar
AA
Amirzargar
Reza
R
Fekrazad
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000188:drug therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C549229:purpurin 5; C062985:phytochlorin