SUMOylation in control of accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Posttranslational protein modification by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for chromosome segregation during mitosis. This review focuses on how SUMOylation regulates the centromere and kinetochore activities to achieve accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Kinetochores are assembled on the specialized chromatin domains called centromeres and serve as the sites for attaching spindle microtubule to segregate sister chromatids to daughter cells. Many proteins associated with mitotic centromeres and kinetochores have been recently found to be modified by SUMO. Although we are still at the early stage of elucidating how SUMOylation controls chromosome segregation during mitosis, a substantial progress has been achieved over the past decade. Furthermore, a major theme that has emerged from the recent studies of SUMOylation in mitosis is that both SUMO conjugation and deconjugation are critical for kinetochore assembly and disassembly. Lastly, we propose a model that SUMOylation coordinates multiple centromere and kinetochore activities to ensure accurate chromosome segregation.
Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
Jun
J
Wan
Divya
D
Subramonian
Xiang-Dong
XD
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D002503:Centromere / Q000378:metabolism*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D006801:Humans; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D058207:Sumoylation; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D025801:Ubiquitin