Cancer resistance to type II topoisomerase inhibitors.
Type II topoisomerases (TOPO2) are ubiquitously expressed enzymes that overcome topological problems in genomic DNA, which can result from DNA replication, transcription and repair. The class of compounds targeting TOPO2 includes some of the most active chemotherapy agents currently available for the treatment of patients with different cancer types. Therefore, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to these drugs is of pivotal importance to improve their efficacy and ultimately increase the life expectancy of cancer patients. The first aim of this review is to summarize the molecular biology of TOPO2 inhibitors, which is the key to understand cancer resistance to them; the second part of this work is dedicated to overview and discuss the available evidence on the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs, with special attention to the strategies that might be useful to circumvent this phenomenon on the clinical ground.
Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II