Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and related genetic neuropathies.
OBJECTIVE
The inherited peripheral neuropathies are a complex group of disorders caused by mutations in more than 50 genes. Scientifically, these disorders provide extensive information on molecular pathways that cause demyelination, axonal loss, and abnormal interactions between Schwann cells and the axons they ensheathe. Clinically, however, these neuropathies are confusing because it is difficult to determine what gene to test for in a given patient, inheritance patterns may differ among patients, and genetic testing is expensive. This review provides a biological context and guidelines to help neurologists better understand the basis and focus of genetic testing for these disorders.


RESULTS
In the past 5 years, many of the genetic causes of inherited neuropathies have been discovered and the phenotypes of inherited neuropathies have been characterized. Clinical trials of genetic neuropathies are now underway.


CONCLUSIONS
It is hoped that this review will lead to a better understanding of these fascinating neuropathies for health care professionals and that this improved understanding will facilitate treatment advances for these presently untreatable diseases.
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Agnes
A
Patzko
Michael E
ME
Shy
D000328:Adult; D002607:Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015417:Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree