Comparative uptake and impact of TiO₂ nanoparticles in wheat and rapeseed.
Up to 2 million tons per year of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NP) are produced worldwide. This extensive production is postulated to result in release into the environment with subsequent contamination of soils and plants; however, few studies have examined TiO₂-NP uptake and impact on plants. In this study, wheat and rapeseed plantlets were exposed to 14 nm or 25 nm anatase TiO₂-NP in hydroponics conditions, either through root or leaf exposure. Microparticle-induced x-ray emission (μPIXE) coupled with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) was used to quantify absorbed titanium (Ti). Micro x-ray fluorescence (μXRF) based on synchrotron radiation was used to evaluate Ti distribution in roots and leaves. Our results show that both TiO₂-NP are accumulated in these plantlets upon root exposure and that Ti content is higher in rapeseed than wheat. Ti distribution in root cross sections depended on NP agglomeration state. NP are also accumulated in plantlets upon leaf exposure. Finally, it was found that TiO₂-NP exposure induced increased root elongation but did not affect germination, evapotranspiration, and plant biomass. Taken together, these results confirm that TiO₂-NP may be accumulated in plant crops but may only moderately impact plant development.
UMR3299 CEA-CNRS-IRAMIS, Service Interdisciplinaire des Systèmes Moléculaires et Matériaux, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique (LSDRM), CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.
Camille
C
Larue
Giulia
G
Veronesi
Anne-Marie
AM
Flank
Suzy
S
Surble
Nathalie
N
Herlin-Boime
Marie
M
Carrière
D000042:Absorption; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D001692:Biological Transport; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D005602:France; D018527:Hydroponics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017348:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010316:Particle Size; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013045:Species Specificity; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
D000393:Air Pollutants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium