Cytomegalovirus antibody status at 17-18 weeks of gestation and pre-eclampsia: a case-control study of pregnant women in Norway.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies in mid-pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.


METHODS
Nested case-control study.


METHODS
Pregnancies registered in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa): a large population-based pregnancy cohort (1999-2006).


METHODS
A cohort of 1500 women with pre-eclampsia and 1000 healthy pregnant women.


METHODS
Plasma samples and pregnancy-related information were provided by the MoBa. Antibody status (CMV IgG and CMV IgM) and levels (CMV IgG) at 17-18 weeks of gestation were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).


METHODS
A diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, as defined in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.


RESULTS
There was no evidence of an effect of CMV IgG seropositivity on the likelihood of developing pre-eclampsia, and CMV IgG antibody levels among women who were seropositive did not differ between groups. Adjusted for maternal age, parity and smoking, the odds ratio for pre-eclampsia in women seropositive for CMV IgG was 0.89 (95% CI 0.74-1.05; P = 0.17). The proportions of women who were seropositive for IgM did not differ between women with pre-eclampsia and women who were healthy (P = 0.98). Among nulliparous women, the proportion of women who were seropositive for CMV IgG was slightly lower among women with pre-eclampsia (53.5%) than among healthy women (59.8%) (P = 0.03). Subgroup analyses were performed for women with early or late onset pre-eclampsia, with preterm delivery and/or with neonates that were small for gestational age, but antibody status did not differ between pre-eclampsia subtypes and controls.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of maternal antibodies to CMV was not associated with pre-eclampsia in our study. The results suggest that CMV infection is unlikely to be a major cause of pre-eclampsia.
Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. krist@stud.ntnu.no
K M
KM
Strand
M L
ML
Odland
A-C
AC
Iversen
S A
SA
Nordbø
T
T
Vik
R
R
Austgulen
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009664:Norway; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000821:virology*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second
D000914:Antibodies, Viral