Anti-obesity effects of germinated brown rice extract through down-regulation of lipogenic genes in high fat diet-induced obese mice.
Lipid accumulation using Oil Red O dye was measured in 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes to examine the anti-obesity effect of four types of germinated rice, including germinated brown rice (GBR), germinated waxy brown rice (GWBR), germinated black rice (GB-R), and germinated waxy black rice (GWB-R). GBR methanol extract exhibited the highest suppression of lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cell line and also the anti-obesity effect of GBR on high fat induced-obese mice. The mice were divided into three groups and were administered: ND, a normal diet; HFD control, a high fat diet; and GBR, a high fat diet plus 0.15% GBR methanol extract for 7 weeks. GBR administration significantly decreased body weight gain and lipid accumulation in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue as compared to the HFD control group. In addition, serum triglycerides (TGs) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly decreased by following GBR administration compared with those in the HFD control group, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level increased. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors, such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)-γ, and related genes (aP2, FAS), decreased significantly. Taken together, GBR administration suppressed body weight gain and lipid accumulation in the liver and epididymal adipocytes, and improved serum lipid profiles, in part, by controlling adipogenesis through a reduction in transcriptional factors. These results suggest that GBR is a potential agent against obesity.
Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.
Jin-Nyoung
JN
Ho
Mi-Eun
ME
Son
Won-Chul
WC
Lim
Seung-Taik
ST
Lim
Hong-Yon
HY
Cho
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018525:Germination; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; C493411:Fabp4 protein, mouse; C491899:Fas protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D019014:fas Receptor; D002784:Cholesterol