Risk factors for psychological distress in Northern Ireland.
BACKGROUND
Stress-related mental ill health and its disorders are considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be the new world epidemic and their prevalence rates seem to be increasing worldwide.


OBJECTIVE
To examine and identify sub-populations at risk for psychological discomfort in Northern Ireland and map the relative impact of potential predictors.


METHODS
A sample of 4,638 respondents to the NIHSW-2001 survey was analysed with latent class analysis and latent class factorial analysis. Latent class multinomial logistic regression assessed the impact of a range of predictors on class membership.


RESULTS
Five sub-populations were differentiated. All subgroups at risk for anxiety and depression were characterized as being younger and female. Disability and adverse life events were strong predictors of risk. Long-standing illness and housing worries were predictors of medium and high risk membership. The effect of civil unrest was significant only for the medium-risk subgroup; marital status and income did not affect group membership.


CONCLUSIONS
Because all five subgroups showed a different probability, but a similar profile of endorsing GHQ-12 items, it could be hypothesized that an underlying continuum dimension of anxiety and depression is present in the Northern Irish population.
School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Northland Road, Londonderry, UK.
Liam
L
Mahedy
Flora
F
Todaro-Luck
Brendan
B
Bunting
Samuel
S
Murphy
Karen
K
Kirby
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009660:Northern Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult