The moderating effect of alcohol-specific parental rule-setting on the relation between the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and alcohol use in young adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
The main aim of the study was to test the moderating effect of two genetic polymorphisms, one in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) and one in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), on the link between parental rule-setting and adolescent alcohol use.


METHODS
A total of 214 adolescents (M(age )=13.7, 44.9% male) provided saliva samples and completed survey items describing alcohol use and parental rule-setting.


RESULTS
Findings indicated that alcohol-specific parental rule-setting was more robustly associated with alcohol use for adolescents with the DRD2 A1 risk allele and for those with the OPRM1 G-allele.


CONCLUSIONS
This study replicates the interaction between parental rule-setting and the DRD2 risk allele on adolescent alcohol use and extends the literature by demonstrating the moderating effects of the OPRM1 risk allele on the link between parental rule-setting and adolescent alcohol use.
Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Insititute, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. s.pieters@pwo.ru.nl
Sara
S
Pieters
Carmen S
CS
Van Der Zwaluw
Haske
H
Van Der Vorst
Reinout W
RW
Wiers
Hubert
H
Smeets
Ellen
E
Lambrichs
William J
WJ
Burk
Rutger C M E
RC
Engels
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
C485764:OPRM1 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu