title: The kinetics of urinary fumonisin B1 excretion in humans consuming maize-based diets.
abstract: METHODS
  Fumonisins (FB) are mycotoxins found in maize. The purpose of this study was to (i) determine the relationship between FB(1) , FB(2) , and FB(3) intake and urinary excretion in humans, (ii) validate a method to isolate urinary FB on C(18) -SPE cartridges for international shipment, and (iii) test the method using samples from Guatemala.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volunteers (n = 10) consumed 206 grams/day of tortillas and biscuits prepared from masa flour and a product containing maize flour. Volunteers estimated their daily urine output and samples were analyzed for FB(1) , FB(2) , and FB(3) and hydrolyzed FB(1) . Only FB(1) was detected in urine suggesting lower absorption of FB(2) and FB(3) . Excretion was highly variable peaking soon after consumption began and decreasing rapidly after consumption stopped. Within 5 days after consumption ended, FB(1) was not detected in urine. In a study with eight volunteers, the average total urinary FB(1) was 0.5% of the intake. FB(1) was detected in 61% (107/177) of the samples collected in Guatemala.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the use of urinary FB(1) to assess ongoing exposure in population-based studies. However, relating the FB(1) concentration in urine to dietary intake of FB by individual subjects will be complicated due to interindividual variability and the rapidity of clearance.
authors: USDA - ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R.B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA. ron.riley@ars.usda.gov
authors: Ronald T
authors: RT
authors: Riley
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Torres
authors: Jency L
authors: JL
authors: Showker
authors: Nicholas C
authors: NC
authors: Zitomer
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Matute
authors: Kenneth A
authors: KA
authors: Voss
authors: Janee
authors: J
authors: Gelineau-van Waes
authors: Joyce R
authors: JR
authors: Maddox
authors: Simon G
authors: SG
authors: Gregory
authors: Allison E
authors: AE
authors: Ashley-Koch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005433:Flour; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine*; D006166:Guatemala; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; C056933:fumonisin B1