title: Effects of progressive resistance training on physical disability among older community-dwelling people with history of hip fracture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hip fracture is a common trauma in older people, and often leads to decreased muscle strength and increased physical disability. This randomized controlled trial examined whether three months of progressive resistance training (PRT) can reduce physical disability among older people with a history of hip fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of 60-85-year-old community- dwelling persons, with hip fractures sustained on average three years earlier, were enrolled in the study. Of 78 people participating in laboratory assessments, those without contraindications for participation in resistance training were randomly assigned to a training group (TG, n=22) or a control group (CG, n=21). TG took part in resistance training for three months twice a week. Training focused on lower limb muscles. Disability was assessed by a validated questionnaire containing six questions on activities of daily living (ADL) and nine on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). A sum score was calculated separately for both items. High scores indicated more difficulties. Group differences were analysed with the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. The effects of PRT on disability were tested with the McNemar test and by covariance analysis (ANCOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TG and CG were comparable with respect to gender, age, chronic diseases, BMI, time since fracture, self-reported health, and level of physical activity at baseline. The ADL sum score in TG was 1.8 (2.0) at baseline and 1.1 (1.3) after follow-up; in CG values were 1.7 (1.8) and 1.5 (1.8) (ANCOVA p=0.034). IADL sum scores in TG were 3.9 (4.6) at baseline and 2.2 (3.8) after follow-up, and in CG 3.4 (3.6) and 2.4 (2.3) (ANCOVA p=0.529).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive resistance training reduced self-reported difficulties in ADL, even several years after fracture. More research is still needed on how to prevent physical disability among community-dwelling older people, especially after hip fracture.
authors: Gerontology Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, POBox 35 (Viv), 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland. johanna.edgren@jyu.fi
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Edgren
authors: Taina
authors: T
authors: Rantanen
authors: Ari
authors: A
authors: Heinonen
authors: Erja
authors: E
authors: Portegijs
authors: Markku
authors: M
authors: Alén
authors: Ilkka
authors: I
authors: Kiviranta
authors: Mauri
authors: M
authors: Kallinen
authors: Sarianna
authors: S
authors: Sipilä
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires