title: Culture systems: embryo culture and monozygotic twinning.
abstract: The incidence of monozygotic twinning in pregnancies achieved with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is significantly higher than spontaneously conceived pregnancies. The factors associated with ART that predispose the embryos to splitting are not well-characterized. Assisted hatching and extended embryo culture are two ART laboratory methods that have been risk factors for monozygotic twinning. The methods and strategies that may be employed to avoid monozygotic twinning are discussed in this chapter.
authors: IVF and Reproductive Testing Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Advanced Reproductive Care, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA. amy-sparks@uiowa.edu
authors: Amy E
authors: AE
authors: Sparks
mesh_terms: D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D007834:Lasers; D011247:Pregnancy; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D056826:Single Embryo Transfer; D038522:Twinning, Monozygotic