title: Glycemic index, glycemic load and cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been related to the risk of selected cancers, but the issue remains open.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed questionnaires were completed between 1994 and 1997 in eight Canadian provinces for incident, histologically confirmed cases of the stomach (n=1182), colon (n=1727), rectum (n=1447), liver (n=309), pancreas (n=628), lung (n=3341), breast (n=2362), ovary (n=442), prostate (n=1799), testis (n=686), kidney (n=1345), bladder (n=1029), brain (n=1009), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL, n=1666), leukemias (n=1069), multiple myelomas (n=343), and 5039 population controls. Dietary information on eating habits 2 years before participants' enrollment in the study was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived by unconditional logistic regression including recognized confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary GI was positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer (OR, 1.26 for the highest versus the lowest quartile). A higher dietary GL significantly increased the risk of colorectal (OR, 1.28), rectal (OR, 1.44) and pancreatic (OR, 1.41) cancers. No other significant associations were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that a diet high in GI and GL is associated with increased risk of selected cancers.
authors: Science Integration Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Jinfu.hu@phac-aspc.gc.ca
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hu
authors: C
authors: C
authors: La Vecchia
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Augustin
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Negri
authors: M
authors: M
authors: de Groh
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Morrison
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Mery
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005947:Glucose