title: Immunovirologic control 24 months after interruption of antiretroviral therapy initiated close to HIV seroconversion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is interest in whether a short course of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at the time of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion could induce long-term immunologic control after its interruption. We aimed to determine the time of virologic rebound after interruption of treatment initiated close to HIV seroconversion and to identify potential cases of posttreatment controllers (PTCs) in the CASCADE (Concerted Action on Seroconversion to AIDS and Death in Europe) Collaboration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study nested within the CASCADE database of routinely collected data about patients with HIV with well-estimated date of HIV seroconversion from Europe, Canada, and Australia in the post-cART era. Participants were individuals who interrupted successful cART initiated within 3 months of HIV seroconversion. The main outcome was loss of PTC status, defined as the earlier date of virologic rebound (first of 2 consecutive measurements showing HIV RNA levels >50 copies/mL) or reinitiation of any ART after cART interruption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time to loss of PTC status in 259 eligible individuals was 1.7 months. Eleven patients did not experience virologic rebound by 24 months after treatment interruption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients experience virologic rebound soon after cART interruption; however, although PTCs are rare, the results of this study confirm their existence.
authors: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Lodi
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Meyer
authors: Anthony D
authors: AD
authors: Kelleher
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Rosinska
authors: Jade
authors: J
authors: Ghosn
authors: Mette
authors: M
authors: Sannes
authors: Kholoud
authors: K
authors: Porter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents