title: Co-factor-enhanced food allergy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol, exercise or non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently mentioned as amplifiers of food allergic reactions but only individual cases or small series have been previously published.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study including 74 cases of suspected co-factor enhanced food allergy, assessed by skin-prick tests, specific IgE and oral challenges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anaphylaxis accounted for 85.1% of reactions. In 99% of cases culprit food allergens were plant-derived, mainly vegetables and cereals. NSAID were involved in 58%, exercise in 52.7% and alcohol in 12.2%. Lipid transfer protein was the most frequently involved allergen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-factor enhanced food allergy should be considered when assessing food, alcohol, exercise and NSAID allergic reactions.
authors: Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. vcardona@vhebron.net
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Cardona
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Luengo
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Garriga
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Labrador-Horrillo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sala-Cunill
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Izquierdo
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Soto
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Guilarte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D015444:Exercise; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C030363:lipid transfer protein; D007073:Immunoglobulin E