title: Biomechanical properties and associated collagen composition in vaginal tissue of women with pelvic organ prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pelvic tissue of women with pelvic organ prolapse is stiffer than that of controls but there are scant data on the collagen composition that corresponds to these mechanical properties. We evaluated human vaginal wall stiffness using the novel scanning haptic microscope and correlated these measurements to collagen expression in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. In this simultaneous biomechanical and biochemical assessment we evaluated the usefulness of this measurement technology for pelvic floor disorder research and confirmed an association between mechanical properties and composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The elastic constant (a measure of stiffness) of vaginal wall tissue was measured with the scanning haptic microscope. Protein expression of collagen types I and III of the same tissues were determined by Western blot. The Student t test was used for comparisons between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anterior and posterior vaginal walls of premenopausal and postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse were significantly stiffer than those of controls (p <0.05). Collagen III protein expression in the anterior vaginal wall in the control group was higher than in menopausal women. Collagen I expression was not significantly different between controls and cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scanning haptic microscope produced reliable mechanical measurements in small tissue samples without tissue destruction. Vaginal wall tissues are stiffer in women with pelvic organ prolapse than in controls. This vaginal wall stiffness was associated with lower protein expression of collagen III in the vaginal wall compared to that in asymptomatic controls.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Zhou
authors: Jung Han
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Wen
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Constantinou
authors: Murayama
authors: M
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Sadao
authors: S
authors: Omata
authors: Bertha
authors: B
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000032:analysis*; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D024061:Collagen Type III