title: Oral health profile in patients infected with HTLV-1: clinical findings, proviral load, and molecular analysis from HTLV-1 in saliva.
abstract: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and has also been implicated in several disorders, including periodontal disease. The proviral load is an important biological marker for understanding HTLV-1 pathogenesis and elucidating whether or not the virus is related to the clinical manifestation of the disease. This study describes the oral health profile of HTLV-1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients in order to investigate the association between the proviral load in saliva and the severity of the periodontal disease and to examine virus intra-host variations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and saliva cells. It is a cross-sectional analytical study of 90 individuals carried out from November 2006 to May 2008. Of the patients, 60 were HTLV-1 positive and 30 were negative. Individuals from the HTLV-1 positive and negative groups had similar mean age and social-economic status. Data were analyzed using two available statistical software packages, STATA 8.0 and SPSS 11.0 to conduct frequency analysis. Differences of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. HTLV-1 patients had poorer oral health status when compared to seronegative individuals. A weak positive correlation between blood and saliva proviral loads was observed. The mean values of proviral load in blood and saliva in patients with HAM/TSP was greater than those in HTLV-1 carriers. The HTLV-1 molecular analysis from PBMC and saliva specimens suggests that HTLV-1 in saliva is due to lymphocyte infiltration from peripheral blood. A direct relationship between the proviral load in saliva and oral manifestations was observed.
authors: Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Liliane
authors: L
authors: Lins
authors: Victor José Uchoa
authors: VJ
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Filipe Ferreira
authors: FF
authors: de Almeida Rego
authors: Rochele
authors: R
authors: Azevedo
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Kashima
authors: Viviana Nilla Olavarria
authors: VN
authors: Gallazi
authors: Marcia Tosta
authors: MT
authors: Xavier
authors: Bernardo
authors: B
authors: Galvão-Castro
authors: Luiz Carlos
authors: LC
authors: Alcantara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000821:virology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004037:Diet, Cariogenic; D005260:Female; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000821:virology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000821:virology; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D012472:Salivation; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral