title: Vagal nerve stimulation modulates gut injury and lung permeability in trauma-hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemorrhagic shock is known to disrupt the gut barrier leading to end-organ dysfunction. The vagus nerve can inhibit detrimental immune responses that contribute to organ damage in hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, we explored whether stimulation of the vagus nerve can protect the gut and recover lung permeability in trauma-hemorrhagic shock (THS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left cervical vagus nerve stimulation at 5 V for 10 minutes. The right internal jugular and femoral artery were cannulated for blood withdrawal and blood pressure monitoring, respectively. Animals were then subjected to hemorrhagic shock to a mean arterial pressure between 30 mm Hg and 35 mm Hg for 90 minutes then reperfused with their own whole blood. After observation for 3 hours, gut permeability was assessed with fluorescein dextran 4 in vivo injections in a ligated portion of distal ileum followed by Evans blue dye injection to assess lung permeability. Pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels were measured and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vagal nerve stimulation abrogated THS-induced lung injury (mean [SD], 8.46 [0.36] vs. 4.87 [0.78]; p < 0.05) and neutrophil sequestration (19.39 [1.01] vs. 12.83 [1.16]; p < 0.05). Likewise, THS gut permeability was reduced to sham levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuromodulation decreases injury in the THS model as evidenced by decreased gut permeability as well as decreased lung permeability and pulmonary neutrophil sequestration in a rat model.
authors: Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA. levyga@umdnj.edu
authors: Gal
authors: G
authors: Levy
authors: Jordan E
authors: JE
authors: Fishman
authors: Da-zhong
authors: DZ
authors: Xu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Dong
authors: Dave
authors: D
authors: Palange
authors: Gergely
authors: G
authors: Vida
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Mohr
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Ulloa
authors: Edwin A
authors: EA
authors: Deitch
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D010539:Permeability; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D055536:Vagus Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009195:Peroxidase