title: Influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on graft rejection in Turkish patients with renal transplants from living related donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Certain cytokine gene polymorphisms (CGPs) have been shown to be associated with renal transplant rejection episodes or graft outcomes. We sought to evaluate the relationships between gene polymorphisms and acute rejection episodes (RG, n = 19) versus stable graft function (NRG, n = 71) in transplant recipients compared with healthy control subjects (HCG, n = 150). The follow-up time period was 18 months. Using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers with the Heidelberg kit we genotyped 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms distributed across 13 cytokine and cytokine receptor genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin (IL)-2 TT/GT haplotype was found in 36.8% of RG patients and 6.7% of HCG but not among the NRG (P < .0001; .0007). The IL-2 GG/TT haplotype was observed among 13 NRG and nine HCG patients (P = .007); the IL-2 GG/GG haplotype, 18.7% HCG and 4.2% NRG patients (P = .0033); and the IL-2 TT/TT haplotype, five NRG and eight HCG patients, but none of the RG cohort (P > .05). The transforming-growth factor-beta 1 CG/CC haplotype was noted in 15 NRG (21.1%) and four HCG but no RG patients (P < .0001). The IL-2 +166 GT genotype was detected in 36.8% of RG, 8.5% of NRG, and 14.7% of HCG patients (P = .005, .0244). The IL-2 -330 GG genotype was demonstrated in 32 healthy controls and three nonrejection transplant patients (P = .0007). Significant differences were concluded between NRG and HCG for IL-6 565 AG, IL-1beta -511 TT and +3962 CC/CT/TT genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed significant differences among the frequencies of IL-2 gene polymorphisms among RG and NRG subjects, which agreed with previous clinical, but not in vitro studies.
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. dryseyhun@yahoo.com
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Seyhun
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mytilineos
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Turkmen
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Oguz
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kekik
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ozdilli
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Nane
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Aydin
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Carin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508594:IL2 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6