title: Molecular data and ecological niche modelling reveal a highly dynamic evolutionary history of the East Asian Tertiary relict Cercidiphyllum (Cercidiphyllaceae).
abstract: East Asia's temperate deciduous forests served as sanctuary for Tertiary relict trees, but their ages and response to past climate change remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we elucidated the evolutionary and population demographic history of Cercdiphyllum, comprising species in China/Japan (Cercdiphyllum japonicum) and central Japan (Cercdiphyllum magnificum). Fifty-three populations were genotyped using chloroplast and ribosomal DNA sequences and microsatellite loci to assess molecular structure and diversity in relation to past (Last Glacial Maximum) and present distributions based on ecological niche modelling. Late Tertiary climate cooling was reflected in a relatively recent speciation event, dated at the Mio-/Pliocene boundary. During glacials, the warm-temperate C. japonicum experienced massive habitat losses in some areas (north-central China/north Japan) but increases in others (southwest/-east China, East China Sea landbridge, south Japan). In China, the Sichuan Basin and/or the middle-Yangtze were source areas of postglacial northward recolonization; in Japan, this may have been facilitated through introgressive hybridization with the cool-temperate C. magnificum. Our findings challenge the notion of relative evolutionary and demographic stability of Tertiary relict trees, and may serve as a guideline for assessing the impact of Neogene climate change on the evolution and distribution of East Asian temperate plants.
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Xin-Shuai
authors: XS
authors: Qi
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Hans Peter
authors: HP
authors: Comes
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Shota
authors: S
authors: Sakaguchi
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Yi-Hui
authors: YH
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Tanaka
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Sakio
authors: Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Organismic Biology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, AustriaDivision of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanField Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata 952-2206, Japan.
authors: Ying-Xiong
authors: YX
authors: Qiu
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000235:genetics; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005580:Fossils; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000235:genetics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D021901:DNA, Intergenic