title: Clinical outcome after surgical or percutaneous revascularization in coronary bypass graft failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe long-term outcome following surgical and percutaneous revascularization in graft failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed consecutive patients with graft failure after heart-team assignment to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or redo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between 2003 and 2008. The primary endpoint was the composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) or target vessel revascularization (TVR). Kaplan-Meier event rate estimates were calculated up to a 5-year follow-up. Independent predictors for outcomes were identified by backward selection in a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 287 patients treated for graft failure: 243 with PCI and 44 with redo CABG. Patients undergoing PCI more frequently presented with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) (P < 0.001), multivessel disease (P < 0.001), vein graft failure (P = 0.04), a history of MI (P < 0.001) and shorter time-to-graft failure (P = 0.001). Bare-metal stents (BMS) were used in 81.3% of the PCI-treated lesions and drug-eluting stents (DES) in 18.7%. The median follow-up was 3.9 years. Five-year rate of composite all-cause death, MI or TVR was 57.6% after PCI and 51% after CABG (P = 0.51). Repeat revascularization [TVR and target lesion revascularization (TLR)] was 30.7 and 21.3% after PCI, and 8.0 and 3.2% following CABG (P = 0.009; P = 0.008). In the PCI group, BMS was associated with higher rates of TVR (35.1 vs. 12.6%; P = 0.04) and TLR (24.8 vs. 7.6%; P = 0.04), but similar rate of death or MI compared with DES. Independent predictors for the primary outcome were creatinine [hazard ratio 1.008 per μmol/l, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005-1.011, P < 0.001] and peak creatine kinase MB (hazard ratio 1.001 per U/l, 95% CI 1.000-1.002, P = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical outcomes are similarly poor after heart-team triage for surgical or percutaneous intervention in patients with graft failure. Repeat revascularization occurred more frequent after PCI, particularly following BMS implantation.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Ralf E
authors: RE
authors: Harskamp
authors: Marcel A
authors: MA
authors: Beijk
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Damman
authors: Wichert J
authors: WJ
authors: Kuijt
authors: Pier
authors: P
authors: Woudstra
authors: Maik J
authors: MJ
authors: Grundeken
authors: Jaap J
authors: JJ
authors: Kloek
authors: Jan G
authors: JG
authors: Tijssen
authors: Bas A
authors: BA
authors: de Mol
authors: Robbert J
authors: RJ
authors: de Winter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014218:Triage
chemical_list: D008670:Metals