title: What happened to WHI: menopausal hormonal therapy in 2012.
abstract: Menopause is characterized by amenorrhea for 1 year due to the cessation of ovarian function. The hormonal treatment of menopause has significantly altered since the publication of initial results from the Women's Health Initiative continuous, combined, conjugated equine estrogen with medroxyprogesterone acetate study arm in 2002. Current studies suggest that treatment should be individualized and that the lowest dose of estrogen providing relief should be used for the shortest period of time in menopausal women who experience vasomotor symptoms or urogenital atrophy. Future studies into different delivery mechanisms such as transdermal applications and different agents, such as tibolone and raloxifene, will help refine the treatment of menopause.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Health Science Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. kahansen@usd.edu
authors: Keith A
authors: KA
authors: Hansen
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Eyster
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy / Q000188:drug therapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018579:Patient Selection; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D004967:Estrogens; D009652:Norpregnenes; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; C027385:tibolone