title: The effect on dental enamel of varying concentrations of fluoridated milk with a cariogenic challenge in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of two concentrations of fluoride in milk, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm, on the prevention of demineralisation with a cariogenic challenge compared with milk with 0 ppm F.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a controlled, randomised, cross-over, double-blind in situ study, 23 subjects wore a lower removable appliance with 2 enamel slabs for 21 days during each study arm. Subjects used F-free toothpaste and the cariogenic challenge comprised of five 2 min dippings per day in 12% sucrose. The slabs were dipped in 50 ml of milk with 0 ppm, 2.5 ppm or 5.0 ppm F twice daily for 5 min. Subjects drank 100ml twice per day of the same milk. Slabs were analysed with Knoop microhardness to assess changes in mineralisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that enamel was softened in all groups but the extent of enamel softness was reduced with an increasing concentration of F in milk, being highly significant for both F groups compared to the control (p<0.0001). 5.0 ppm F group showed a trend towards less softening compared to the 2.5 ppm F but was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our in situ model, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm F in milk significantly protected enamel from demineralisation.
authors: Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Malinowski
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Duggal
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Strafford
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Toumba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006244:Hardness / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides