title: Transdermal delivery of three vitamin C derivatives by Er:YAG and carbon dioxide laser pretreatment.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two lasers (Er:YAG and CO2) in enhancing skin permeation of three vitamin C derivatives, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt (MAP-1), magnesium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (MAP-2), and 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt (SAP). Dorsal skin of 1-week-old pathogen-free pigs was used for this in vitro study. Changes in permeation in laser-treated skin treated by the lasers were examined by confocal scanning electron microscopy. Transdermal flux of vitamin C derivatives was examined with a Franz diffusion cell. Fluxes of MAP-1, MAP-2, and SAP across Er:YAG laser-treated skin were 15-27-fold, 48-123-fold, and 22-56-fold higher, respectively, than their fluxes across intact skin. The fluxes of MAP-1, MAP-2, and SAP across CO2 laser-treated skin were 28-36-fold, 116-156-fold, and 79-102-fold higher, respectively, than their fluxes across intact skin. Optimal fluency for the Er:YAG laser was 3.8 J/cm(2) for MAP-1 and 5 J/cm(2) for MAP-2 and SAP. Optimal fluency for the CO2 laser was 5 W for all three derivatives. In conclusion, optimal fluency for all derivatives was 5 W for the CO2 laser and 3.8 to 5 J/cm(2) for the Er:YAG laser.
authors: Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. chuang@gw.cgust.edu.tw
authors: Chun-Hsun
authors: CH
authors: Huang
authors: Hsin-Ching
authors: HC
authors: Sung
authors: Chien-Yu
authors: CY
authors: Hsiao
authors: Sindy
authors: S
authors: Hu
authors: Yu-Shien
authors: YS
authors: Ko
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D054020:Lasers, Gas; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability / Q000528:radiation effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: C011669:ascorbate-2-phosphate; D001205:Ascorbic Acid