title: Update on gene and stem cell therapy approaches for spinal muscular atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of pediatric death to which at present there is no effective therapeutic. The genetic defect is well characterized as a mutation in exon 7 of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene. The current gene therapy approach focuses on two main methodologies, the replacement of SMN1 or augmentation of SMN2 readthrough. The most promising of the current work focuses on the delivery of SMN via AAV9 vectors via intravenous delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the review the authors examine the current research in the field of stem cell and gene therapy approaches for SMA. Also focusing on delivery methods, timing of administration and general caveats that must be considered with translational work for SMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene therapy currently offers the most promising avenue of research for a successful therapeutic for SMA. There are many important practical and ethical considerations which must be carefully considered when dealing with clinical trial in infants such as the invasiveness of the surgery, the correct patient cohort and the potential risks.
authors: Emory University, Department of Neurosurgery, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Eleanor M
authors: EM
authors: Donnelly
authors: Nicholas M
authors: NM
authors: Boulis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D055533:Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D055540:Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D055533:Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein; D055540:Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein