title: Telomere shortening and DNA damage of embryonic stem cells induced by cigarette smoke.
abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide a valuable in vitro model for testing toxicity of chemicals and environmental contaminants including cigarette smoke. Mouse ESCs were acutely or chronically exposed to smoke components, cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), or cadmium, an abundant component of CSC, and then evaluated for their self-renewal, apoptosis, DNA damage and telomere function. Acute exposure of ESCs to high dose of CSC or cadmium increased DNA damage and apoptosis. Yet, ESCs exhibited a remarkable capacity to recover following absence of exposure. Chronic exposure of ESCs to low dose of CSC or cadmium resulted in shorter telomeres and DNA damage. Together, acute exposure of ESCs to CSC or cadmium causes immediate cell death and reduces pluripotency, while chronic exposure of ESCs to CSC or cadmium leads to DNA damage and telomere shortening. Notably, a sub-proportion of ESCs during passages is selected to resist to smoke-induced oxidative damage to telomeres.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Junjiu
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Okuka
authors: Weisi
authors: W
authors: Lu
authors: John C M
authors: JC
authors: Tsibris
authors: Mark P
authors: MP
authors: McLean
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Keefe
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059506:Telomere Shortening; D014026:Nicotiana; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D002104:Cadmium