title: Validation and perspectives of neuromodulation in Japan.
abstract: Neuromodulation in functional neurosurgery is closely related to the development and availability of devices such as implantable electric stimulators and pumps. All such devices used in Japan are developed and made in foreign countries, and no made-in-Japan device exists. Introduction and approval by the government took many years for most devices, during which time many patients had to continue to live in our medically conservative country. The history of neuromodulation is summarized in Japan and the problems surrounding neuromodulation pointed out. Everyone has to aware of such circumstances and make every effort to improve the internationally unusual situation of neuromodulation in Japan. Otherwise, Japan will become a medically isolated country in the near future.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. ttaira@nij.twmu.ac.jp
authors: Takaomi
authors: T
authors: Taira
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Goto
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000266:history*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000266:history*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000266:history*; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D015203:Reproducibility of Results