title: Raynaud, digital ulcers and calcinosis in scleroderma.
abstract: Raynaud, digital ulcers and calcinosis are frequent manifestations of patients with systemic sclerosis. Digital ulcers are seen in more than half of the patients with scleroderma. Hospitalizations, ischemic complications and impairment of hand function are frequently observed in patients with digital ulcers, especially if treatment is delayed. Rapid and intensive treatment escalation in patients with scleroderma and refractory Raynaud's phenomenon is one of the most effective preventive action available in order to avoid the development of digital ulcers and tissue loss.
authors: Specialist in rheumatology, Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Alemán; Consultorio de Raynaud, Esclerodermia e Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar, Sanatorio San José, Ciudad Autónomade Buenos Aires, Argentina. alejandro.nitsche@gmail.com
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Nitsche
mesh_terms: D000077300:Bosentan; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D016523:Foot Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000209:etiology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014034:Toes / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077300:Bosentan