title: The ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives AVX001 and AVX002 directly inhibit cytosolic phospholipase A(2)  and suppress PGE(2)  formation in mesangial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) are known to exert anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models although their direct targets are only poorly characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we report on two new cPLA(2)  inhibitors, the ω3-derivatives AVX001 and AVX002, and their effects on inflammatory PGE(2)  production in cultures of renal mesangial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AVX001 and AVX002 dose-dependently inhibited the group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2)  (cPLA(2) ) in an in vitro activity assay with similar IC(50)  values for AVX001 and AVX002, whereas the known cPLA(2)  inhibitor AACOCF(3)  was less potent and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was inactive. In renal mesangial cells, AVX001 and AVX002 suppressed IL-1β-induced PGE(2)  synthesis. Mechanistically, this effect occurred by a down-regulation of IL-1β-induced group IIA-sPLA(2)  protein expression, mRNA expression and promoter activity. A similar but less potent effect was seen with AACOCF(3)  and no effect was seen with DHA. As gene expression of sPLA(2)  is known to be regulated by the transcription factor NF-κB, we further investigated NF-κB activation. Both compounds prevented NF-κB activation by blocking degradation of the inhibitor of κB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show for the first time that the novel cPLA(2)  inhibitors AVX001 and AVX002 exert an anti-inflammatory effect in cultures of renal mesangial cells and reduce the pro-inflammatory mediator PGE(2)  through an inhibitory effect on NF-κB activation. Therefore, these compounds may represent promising novel drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
authors: Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland. huwiler@pki.unibe.ch
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Huwiler
authors: Astrid J
authors: AJ
authors: Feuerherm
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Sakem
authors: Oleksandr
authors: O
authors: Pastukhov
authors: Iuliia
authors: I
authors: Filipenko
authors: Thuy
authors: T
authors: Nguyen
authors: Berit
authors: B
authors: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C580854:AVX001; C580855:AVX002; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D016328:NF-kappa B; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D015232:Dinoprostone