title: Transforming growth factor-β, bioenergetics, and mitochondria in renal disease.
abstract: The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family comprises more than 30 family members that are structurally related secreted dimeric cytokines, including TGF-β, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins/growth and differentiation factors. TGF-β are pluripotent regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and adhesion of many different cell types. TGF-β pathways are highly evolutionarily conserved and control embryogenesis, tissue repair, and tissue homeostasis in invertebrates and vertebrates. Aberrations in TGF-β activity and signaling underlie a broad spectrum of developmental disorders and major pathologies in human beings, including cancer, fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. Recent observations have indicated an emerging role for TGF-β in the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress responses characteristic of chronic degenerative diseases and aging. Conversely, energy and metabolic sensory pathways cross-regulate mediators of TGF-β signaling. Here, we review TGF-β and regulation of bioenergetic and mitochondrial functions, including energy and oxidant metabolism and apoptotic cell death, as well as their emerging relevance in renal biology and disease.
authors: Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Casalena
authors: Ilse
authors: I
authors: Daehn
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: Bottinger
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D056564:Sirtuin 1