title: Gingival recessions and the change of inclination of mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment.
abstract: SUMMARY A recent systematic review demonstrated that, overall, orthodontic treatment might result in a small worsening of periodontal status. The aim of this retrospective study was to test the hypothesis that a change of mandibular incisor inclination promotes development of labial gingival recessions. One hundred and seventy-nine subjects who met the following inclusion criteria were selected: age 11-14 years at start of orthodontic treatment (TS), bonded retainer placed immediately after treatment (T₀), dental casts and lateral cephalograms available pre-treatment (TS), post-treatment (T₀), 2 years post-treatment (T₂), and 5 years post-treatment (T₅). Depending on the change of lower incisor inclination during treatment (ΔInc_Incl), the sample was divided into three groups: Retro (N = 34; ΔInc_Incl ≤ -1 degree), Stable (N = 22; ΔInc_Incl > -1 degree and ≤1 degree), and Pro (N = 123; ΔInc_Incl > 1 degree). Clinical crown heights of mandibular incisors and the presence of gingival recessions in this region were assessed on plaster models. Fisher's exact tests, one-way analysis of variance, and regression models were used for analysis of inter-group differences. The mean increase of clinical crown heights (T₀ to T₅) of mandibular incisors ranged from 0.6 to 0.91 mm in the Retro, Stable, and Pro groups, respectively; the difference was not significant (P = 0.534). At T₅, gingival recessions were present in 8.8, 4.5, and 16.3 per cent patients from the Retro, Stable, and Pro groups, respectively. The difference was not significant (P = 0.265). The change of lower incisors inclination during treatment did not affect development of labial gingival recessions in this patient group.
authors: Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors: Anne Marie
authors: AM
authors: Renkema
authors: Piotr S
authors: PS
authors: Fudalej
authors: Alianne
authors: A
authors: Renkema
authors: Ewald
authors: E
authors: Bronkhorst
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Katsaros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D003765:Models, Dental; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology*