title: Microarray profiling of secretory-phase endometrium from patients with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed genes and their related biological pathways in the secretory phase endometrium from patients with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and fertile subjects. Endometrial samples from RM and fertile patients were analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip® ST Array. The bioinformatic analysis using the Partek Genomic Suite revealed 346 genes (175 up-regulated and 171 down-regulated) that were differentially expressed in the endometrium of RM patients compared to the fertile subjects (fold change ≥1.5, p<0.005). Validation step using quantitative real-time  polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed a similar expression pattern of four exemplary genes: one up-regulated gene (fibroblast growth factor 9, FGF9) and three down-regulated genes: integrin β3 (ITGB3), colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and matrix-metalloproteinases 19 (MMP19). The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and the Pathway Studio software have found 101 signaling pathways (p<0.05) associated with the affected genes including the FGFR3 /signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and the CSF1R/STAT pathway. Cell adhesion, cell differentiation and angiogenesis were among biological processes indicated by this system. In conclusion, microarray technique is a useful tool to study gene expression in the secretory phase-endometrium of RM patients. The differences in endometrial gene expressions between healthy and RM subjects contribute to an increase in our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of RM development and may improve the outcome of pregnancies in high-risk women with RM.
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Rosfayati
authors: R
authors: Othman
authors: Mohd Hashim
authors: MH
authors: Omar
authors: Lim Pei
authors: LP
authors: Shan
authors: Mohd Nasir
authors: MN
authors: Shafiee
authors: Rahman
authors: R
authors: Jamal
authors: Norfilza Mohd
authors: NM
authors: Mokhtar
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D008296:Malaysia; D053505:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C061248:ITGB3 protein, human; D039661:Integrin beta3; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D053505:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted; C108362:matrix metalloproteinase 19