title: A GENS-based approach to cardiovascular pharmacology: impact on metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
abstract: Pharmacological outcomes depend on many factors, with many of them being sexually dimorphic. Thus, physiological gender/sex (GENS) differences can influence pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and, thus, bioavailability and resulting in efficacy of treatment, meaning GENS differences should be an important consideration in therapeutics. In particular, drug response can change according to different hormonal environments. Therefore, GENS-specific differences have a particular clinical relevance in terms of drug delivery, especially for those substances with a narrow therapeutic margin. Since adverse effects are more frequent among women, safety is a key issue. Overall, the status of women, from a pharmacological point of view, is often different and less studied than that of men and deserves particular attention. Further studies focused on women's responses to drugs are necessary in order to make optimal pharmacotherapeutic decisions.
authors: Center for Biotechnology Development & Biodiversity Research, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sassari-INBB Osilo-Sassari, Via Muroni, 23, 07100 Sassari, Italy. franconi@uniss.it
authors: Flavia
authors: F
authors: Franconi
authors: Ciriaco
authors: C
authors: Carru
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Spoletini
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Malorni
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Vella
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Mercuro
authors: Martino
authors: M
authors: Deidda
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Rosano
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents