title: A two-locus genetic interaction between LPHN3 and 11q predicts ADHD severity and long-term outcome.
abstract: The severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms is a major predictor of long-term ADHD outcome. To investigate if two-locus interactions might predict ADHD severity, we studied a sample of 1341 individuals from families clustering ADHD, using the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale for Parents. Latent class cluster analysis was used to construct symptom profiles and classify ADHD severity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning ADHD-linked chromosomal regions on chromosomes 4, 5, 10, 11, 12 and 17 were genotyped. SNPs associated with ADHD severity were identified and potential two-locus genetic interactions were tested. We found that SNPs within the LPHN3 gene interact with SNPs spanning the 11q region that contains DRD2 and NCAM1 not only to increase the risk of developing ADHD but also to increase ADHD severity. All these genes are identified to have a major role in shaping both brain development and function. These findings demonstrate that genetic interactions may predict the severity of ADHD, which in turn may predict long-term ADHD outcome.
authors: Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3717, USA.
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Acosta
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Vélez
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Bustamante
authors: J Z
authors: JZ
authors: Balog
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Arcos-Burgos
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Muenke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics*; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000235:genetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C513284:ADGRL3 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide