title: Association of maternal periodontal health with adverse pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aims to determine the association of periodontal disease (identified early in pregnancy) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a North Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 340 primigravida women, aged 20-35 years with single live pregnancy were recruited at 14-20 weeks period of gestation from the antenatal clinic. These women had undergone periodontal examination at time of recruitment. The pregnancy outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 340 primigravida women, 147 (43.23%) women had gingivitis and 61 (17.94%) women had periodontitis. Periodontitis was found to be significantly associated with pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and low birthweight with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 7.48 (2.72-22.42), 3.35 (1.20-9.55), 2.72 (1.30-5.68) and 3.03 (1.53-5.97), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows a significant association between periodontitis (but not with gingivitis) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birthweight infants.
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India. ashkumar@eth.net
authors: Ashok
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: Minu
authors: M
authors: Basra
authors: Nargis
authors: N
authors: Begum
authors: Vigya
authors: V
authors: Rani
authors: Sudha
authors: S
authors: Prasad
authors: Arundeep Kaur
authors: AK
authors: Lamba
authors: Mahesh
authors: M
authors: Verma
authors: Sarita
authors: S
authors: Agarwal
authors: Shashi
authors: S
authors: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology*