title: Defining the subcellular sites of innate immune signal transduction.
abstract: Innate immune activation by microbial detection receptors is a complex process involving at least 100 proteins and multiple signaling pathways. Although there continues to be a need to identify additional regulators of host-microbe interactions, a larger conceptual challenge is our lack of understanding of how the known regulators interact in space and time. This review offers a framework to explain the long appreciated (but poorly understood) observation that innate immune signaling pathways are activated from multiple organelles. Using the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 protein (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) as examples, I propose that the receptors do not necessarily define the sites of signaling. Rather, a structurally unrelated class of proteins called 'sorting adaptors' functions in this capacity.
authors: Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jonathan.kagan@childrens.harvard.edu
authors: Jonathan C
authors: JC
authors: Kagan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell