title: Spatial distribution and inter-year variation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) in farm soils at a peri-urban region.
abstract: Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a high production volume brominated flame retardant (BFR) which has been of increasing environmental and public health concern due to its potential environmental persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) is another BFR which has recently been found in environmental matrices near a manufacturing plant, but its production volume and environmental distribution is currently not well known. This study was conducted to investigate the presence and distribution of these two BFRs in farm soils at a region in southeast Beijing. Total HBCD levels ranged from 0.17 to 34.5 ng g(-1) on a dry weight basis (dw) with a median level of 2.97 ng g(-1)dw. The composition profile of HBCD diastereoisomers was, on average, 28%, 13% and 59% for α-, β- and γ-HBCD, respectively. Detection frequency of TBC was only 25% in 2010 but was detected in all soil samples in 2011, and the median level was 0.19 ng g(-1)dw with the range between below detection limit to 1.62 ng g(-1) dw. There were no significant differences of HBCD and TBC levels among different irrigation sources in the region. The soil HBCD and TBC levels in samples collected in 2011 were significantly higher than in 2010. The increasing short-term temporal levels in farm soil might be due to the rapid urbanization in this region or could also reflect the increasing usage of HBCD and TBC after the phase out of other BFRs.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: Thanh
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Shanlong
authors: S
authors: Han
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Ruan
authors: Yawei
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Jiayong
authors: J
authors: Feng
authors: Guibin
authors: G
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D062206:Spatial Analysis
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D010755:Organophosphates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C012085:tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane