title: Efficacy of two commercially available cardiac pacing catheters for transesophageal atrial pacing in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compare the efficacy of two cardiac pacing catheters for transesophageal atrial pacing (TAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transesophageal atrial pacing was attempted in left lateral recumbency under general anesthesia. In series, a curved electrophysiologic (EP) catheter and a straight transesophageal pacing (TP) catheter were passed transorally into the distal esophagus, caudal to the heart. Each catheter was slowly withdrawn until pacing was initiated. The catheter continued to be withdrawn in 5 mm increments until capture was no longer achieved at maximal pacing setting creating a total zone of capture (tZOC). Minimum pacing threshold (Th(min)) and degree of extraneous muscle stimulation (EMS) were determined at each site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EP catheter achieved TAP in 10/10 dogs with a Th(min) of 8.8 ± 4.8 mA and tZOC of 4.0 ± 1.7 cm. The TP catheter achieved TAP in 7/10 dogs with a Th(min) of 22.5 ± 5.6 mA and tZOC of 1.2 ± 1.6 cm. No EMS was noted during TAP at Th(min) using the EP catheter. Of the 7 dogs in which TAP was successful, 3/7 experienced considerable EMS at Th(min). There was no significant relationship between patient body weight and Th(min) with either catheter (EP catheter P = 0.09; TP catheter P = 0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The electrophysiology catheter captured the atria of more dogs over a larger area without EMS as compared to the TP catheter. The electrophysiology catheter is recommended for transesophageal atrial pacing in dogs.
authors: Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
authors: Emily H
authors: EH
authors: Chapel
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D004947:Esophagus; D006339:Heart Rate; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*