title: The short-term effect of 24-h average and peak air pollution on mortality in Oslo, Norway.
abstract: Numerous epidemiological studies have shown associations between increases in outdoor air pollution and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular and respiratory related mortality. The majority of studies has used the routine monitoring network and thus has not been able to characterize the small-scale variation in daily averages and peak concentrations within urban settings. To address possible short term impact on mortally by air pollution we used a time-stratified case-crossover design to estimate associations of traffic-related air pollution and wood burning and daily mortality during a period of 10 years among residents above 50 years of age in Oslo, Norway. A dispersion model was used to assess short-term air pollution for daily (24-h) averages and peak concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) from exhaust and particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM(2.5)) from exhaust and wood-burning at residential neighbourhood level for each individual. We found an overall increased risk from exposure at the lag of 0-5 days before the day of death for both pollutants. The excess risk was highest for PM(2.5) with a 2.8 % (95 % confidence interval: 1.2-4.4) increase per 10 μg per cubic meter change in daily exposure. Short-term traffic-related air pollution was associated with increased risk for mortality among individuals above 50 years of age, especially for circulatory outcomes.
authors: Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. christian.madsen@fhi.no
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Madsen
authors: Pål
authors: P
authors: Rosland
authors: Dominic Anthony
authors: DA
authors: Hoff
authors: Wenche
authors: W
authors: Nystad
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Nafstad
authors: Oyvind Erik
authors: OE
authors: Naess
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002423:Cause of Death; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009026:Mortality; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D009664:Norway; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020711:Threshold Limit Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012906:Smoke; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide