title: Concomitant use of beta-1 adrenoreceptor blocker and norepinephrine in patients with septic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Betablockade has been shown to have cardioprotective effects in patients under perioperative stress. Besides animal model of septic shock and a small cohort of septic patients, these benefits have not been studied in septic shock patients who require norepinephrine administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  After correction of preload, an esmolol bolus (0.2-0.5 mg/kg) followed by continuous 24 h infusion was administered in septic patients with sinus or supraventricular tachycardia (HR > 120/min). Exclusion criteria were severe LV systolic dysfunction, atrioventricular blockade and norepinephrine infusion at rates over 0.5 mg/kg/min. Monitoring with echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter before, at 2, 6, 12, 24 h following the start and 6 h after ceasing of the esmolol drip. Patients were maintained normovolemic throughout the study and adjustments of concomitant norepinephrine infusion rates were made as required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten septic patients (mean age 54.4 ± 18.7), APACHE II 21.5 ± 6.2, CRP 275 ± 78 mg/l, procalcitonin 14.5 ± 10.1 mg/l, were given esmolol drip of 212.5 ± 63.5 mg/h at start to 272.5 ± 89.5 mg/h at 24 h. Heart rate decreased from mean 142 ± 11/min to 112 ± 9/min (p < 0.001) with parallel insignificant reduction of cardiac index (4.94 ± 0.76 to 4.35 ± 0.72 l/min/m(2)). Stroke volume insignificantly increased from 67.1 ± 16.3 ml to 72.9 ± 15.3 ml. No parallel change of pulmonary artery wedge pressure was observed (15.9 ± 3.2 to 15.0 ±  2.4 mmHg) as well as no significant changes of norepinephrine infusion (0.13 ±  0.17 to 0.17 ± 0.19 mg/kg/min), DO(2), VO(2), OER or arterial lactate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saving the heart 30 beats/min did not demonstrate adverse impact on global haemodynamics in rates above 110/min. Using well titratable betablocker seems to be safe and cardioprotective in septic shock patients with high cardiac output.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic. martin.balik@post.cz
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Balik
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Rulisek
authors: Pavel
authors: P
authors: Leden
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Zakharchenko
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Otahal
authors: Hana
authors: H
authors: Bartakova
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Korinek
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; C036604:esmolol; D009638:Norepinephrine