title: Identification of a germicidal compound against picornavirus in bamboo pyroligneous acid.
abstract: The germicidal activity of pyroligneous acid (PA) against a picornavirus, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), was analyzed, and the component responsible for its disinfectant activity was identified. Bamboo PA (BPA) inactivated EMCV, but neutralization of BPA abolished this activity. Using liquid-liquid phase extraction and silica gel column chromatography, the hydrophobic active fraction of BPA was separated and its 12 major components were identified. The active fraction was reconstructed by mixing synthetic chemicals at the determined concentrations, and a subtraction series of one chemical from the complete mixture was prepared. An in vitro virus assay demonstrated that phenol was the sole germicidal component, and acetic acid augmented the phenol's inactivating activity resulting in >5-log decrease in EMCV infectivity. Considering the low environmental risk of PA, these findings suggest that BPA is a potentially useful agent for preventing viral epidemics in agricultural and human environments.
authors: Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Marumoto
authors: Seiji P
authors: SP
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Nishimura
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Onomoto
authors: Mitsuyoshi
authors: M
authors: Yatagai
authors: Kazufumi
authors: K
authors: Yazaki
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Fujita
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031723:Bambusa / Q000737:chemistry*; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019800:Phenol