title: β-Glucan derived from Aureobasidium pullulans is effective for the prevention of influenza in mice.
abstract: β-(1→3)-D-glucans with β-(1→6)-glycosidic linked branches produced by mushrooms, yeast and fungi are known to be an immune activation agent, and are used in anti-cancer drugs or health-promoting foods. In this report, we demonstrate that oral administration of Aureobasidium pullulans-cultured fluid (AP-CF) enriched with the β-(1→3),(1→6)-D-glucan exhibits efficacy to protect mice infected with a lethal titer of the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8; H1N1) strain of influenza virus. The survival rate of the mice significantly increased by AP-CF administration after sublethal infection of PR8 virus. The virus titer in the mouse lung homogenates was significantly decreased by AP-CF administration. No significant difference in the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, and in the population of lymphocytes was observed in the lungs of mice administered with AP-CF. Interestingly, expression level for the mRNA of virus sensors, RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I) and MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) strongly increased at 5 hours after the stimulation of A. pullulans-produced purified β-(1→3),(1→6)-D-glucan (AP-BG) in murine macrophage-derived RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the replication of PR8 virus was significantly repressed by pre-treatment of AP-BG. These findings suggest the increased expression of virus sensors is effective for the prevention of influenza by the inhibition of viral replication with the administration of AP-CF.
authors: Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Muramatsu
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Iwai
authors: Shiho
authors: S
authors: Aoki
authors: Hirohumi
authors: H
authors: Uchiyama
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Kawata
authors: Yosuke
authors: Y
authors: Nakayama
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Nikawa
authors: Kisato
authors: K
authors: Kusano
authors: Mitsuyasu
authors: M
authors: Okabe
authors: Tadaaki
authors: T
authors: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097905:Roundabout Proteins
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D047071:beta-Glucans; C118348:Robo3 protein, mouse; D000097905:Roundabout Proteins; C510592:Ifih1 protein, mouse