title: Milk phospholipid and plant sterol-dependent modulation of plasma lipids in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects are presumed for dietary milk phospholipid (PL) as well as plant sterol (PSt) supplementation. The aim was to induce changes in plasma lipid profile by giving different doses of milk PL and a combination of milk PL with PSt to healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open-label intervention study, 14 women received dairy products enriched with moderate (3 g PL/day) or high (6 g PL/day) dose of milk PL or a high dose of milk PL combined with PSt (6 g PL/day + 2 g PSt/day) during 3 periods each lasting 10 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total cholesterol concentration and HDL cholesterol concentration were reduced following supplementation with 3 g PL/day. No significant change in LDL cholesterol concentration was found compared with baseline. High PL dose resulted in an increase of LDL cholesterol and unchanged HDL cholesterol compared with moderate PL dose. The LDL/HDL ratio and triglyceride concentration remained constant within the study. Except for increased phosphatidyl ethanolamine concentrations, plasma PL concentrations were not altered during exclusive PL supplementations. A combined high-dose PL and PSt supplementation led to decreased plasma LDL cholesterol concentration, decreased PL excretion, increased plasma sphingomyelin/phosphatidyl choline ratio, and significant changes in plasma fatty acid distribution compared with exclusive high-dose PL supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Milk PL supplementations influence plasma cholesterol concentrations, but without changes of LDL/HDL ratio. A combined high-dose milk PL and PSt supplementation decreases plasma LDL cholesterol concentration, but it probably enforces absorption of fatty acids or fatty acid-containing hydrolysis products that originated during lipid digestion.
authors: Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany. Sylvia.Keller@uni-jena.de
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Keller
authors: Angelika
authors: A
authors: Malarski
authors: Carolin
authors: C
authors: Reuther
authors: Romy
authors: R
authors: Kertscher
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Kiehntopf
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Jahreis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D010840:Phytosterols; D002784:Cholesterol