title: Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) of anaerobic glycolysis as predictive and prognostic values in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationships between biomarkers related to anaerobic glycolytic metabolism (GLUT1, LDH5, PDK1, and HIF-1α proteins), pathologic response, and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All stage II and stage III rectal cancer patients had 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/day in 28 fractions) over 5.5 weeks, plus 5-fluorouracil (425 mg/m(2)/day) and leucovorin (20 mg/m(2)/day) bolus on days 1 to 5 and 29 to 33, and surgery was performed at 7 to 10 weeks after completion of all therapies. Expression of GLUT1, LDH5, PDK1, and HIF-1α proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry and was assessed in 104 patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included stage II and III rectal cancer patients, and each stage accounted for each 50 % of the total cases. A high expression of GLUT1 protein was associated with a significantly lower rate of ypCR compared with low expression of GLUT1 protein (4.0 % vs. 27.8 %, respectively; p = 0.012). GLUT1 expression was also significantly higher in the poor response group (Grade 0, 1) than in the good response group (Grade 2, 3) (34.0 % vs. 14.8 %, respectively; p = 0.022). In recurrence analysis, the expression of GLUT1 protein demonstrated a significant correlation with time to recurrence, based on a log-rank method (p = 0.016). When analyzed by multiple Cox regression, the positive expression of GLUT1 was the most significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLUT1 expression is a predictive and prognostic factor for pathologic complete response and recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with 5-flurouracil and leucovorin neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, South Korea.
authors: Byoung Yong
authors: BY
authors: Shim
authors: Ji-Han
authors: JH
authors: Jung
authors: Kang-Moon
authors: KM
authors: Lee
authors: Hyung-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Sook Hee
authors: SH
authors: Hong
authors: Sung Hwan
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Der Sheng
authors: DS
authors: Sun
authors: Hyeon-Min
authors: HM
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D005260:Female; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C000631429:PDK1 protein, human; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases