title: Effects of sildenafil citrate, isoniazid, and streptomycin on testicular tissue and epididymal semen quality in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin (STR) on epididymal semen quality and testicular tissue, and to evaluate the protective effect of sildenafil citrate (SC) on possible testicular toxicity induced by STR and INH in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 8 groups including control, SC, INH, STR, STR+INH, SC+INH, SC+STR, and SC+INH+STR. After 45 days of treatment, the reproductive organ weights, epididymal semen quality, testicular histopathological findings, levels of serum nitric oxide, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SC significantly increased the epididymal sperm motility and concentration, and the levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone. The STR group had a significantly higher percentage of sperm head defect than the control group (P < .05). The INH group had lower Johnsen Testicular Biopsy Score than the control group (P < .001). Although SC and INH treatment alone did not affect the epididymal semen quality negatively, the SC+INH group had significantly higher spermatozoon tail and total morphologic defect ratios than the control group (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been concluded from this study that (1) SC has positive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm production, and semen quality; (2) STR affected the testicular biopsy score and spermatozoon head morphology negatively, but positively affected the other spermatologic traits; (3) INH did not effect the epididymal semen quality negatively, but decreased testicular biopsy score; and (4) SC can prevent the spermatozoon head defects induced by STR and can decrease the testicular toxicity induced by INH.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Harun
authors: H
authors: Alp
authors: Umut
authors: U
authors: Cirit
authors: Muzaffer
authors: M
authors: Tas
authors: Murat Mehmet
authors: MM
authors: Rifaioglu
authors: Namık Kemal
authors: NK
authors: Hatipoglu
authors: Ismail
authors: I
authors: Aytekin
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Yucel
authors: Ugur
authors: U
authors: Firat
authors: Mehmet Ferit
authors: MF
authors: Ozmen
authors: Ugur
authors: U
authors: Seker
authors: Leyla Bilge
authors: LB
authors: Eren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000633:toxicity*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D009929:Organ Size; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055101:Semen Analysis; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000633:toxicity*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D007538:Isoniazid; D013307:Streptomycin