title: Evaluation and feedback for effective clinical teaching in postgraduate medical education: validation of an assessment instrument incorporating the CanMEDS roles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Providing clinical teachers in postgraduate medical education with feedback about their teaching skills is a powerful tool to improve clinical teaching. A systematic review showed that available instruments do not comprehensively cover all domains of clinical teaching. We developed and empirically test a comprehensive instrument for assessing clinical teachers in the setting of workplace learning and linked to the CanMEDS roles.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a Delphi study, the content validity of a preliminary instrument with 88 items was studied, leading to the construction of the EFFECT (evaluation and feedback for effective clinical teaching) instrument. The response process was explored in a pilot test and focus group research with 18 residents of 6 different disciplines. A confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and reliability analyses were performed on 407 evaluations of 117 supervisors, collected in 3 medical disciplines (paediatrics, pulmonary diseases and surgery) of 6 departments in 4 different hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFA yielded an 11 factor model with a good to excellent fit and internal consistencies ranged from 0.740 to 0.940 per domain; 7 items could be deleted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model of workplace learning showed to be a useful framework for developing EFFECT, which incorporates the CanMEDS competencies and proved to be valid and reliable.
authors: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands. C.Fluit@iwoo.umcn.nl
authors: Cornelia
authors: C
authors: Fluit
authors: Sanneke
authors: S
authors: Bolhuis
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Grol
authors: Marieke
authors: M
authors: Ham
authors: Remco
authors: R
authors: Feskens
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Laan
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Wensing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal / Q000379:methods*; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013663:Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017132:Workplace