title: Periprocedural outcomes after surgical revascularization and stenting for postradiotherapy carotid stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of head and neck malignancy commonly involves radiotherapy, which is associated with the development of carotid artery stenosis. There is little evidence to guide clinicians on how to intervene in significant postradiotherapy carotid stenosis. This systematic review collated data pertaining to perioperative outcomes of carotid artery surgery and carotid stenting in postradiotherapy carotid stenosis to aid the clinical decision-making process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 guidelines, was performed. We screened 575 articles related to carotid artery surgery or stenting in postradiotherapy carotid stenosis, from which 21 studies were included for quantitative analysis. The primary outcome was stroke or death ≤ 30 days of the procedure. Secondary outcomes included cranial nerve injury, restenosis, stroke, and death at >30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine publications recorded 211 surgical procedures in 179 patients. In symptomatic patients, the 30-day mortality rate was 2.6% and the stroke or death rate was 2.7%. In asymptomatic patients, the 30-day mortality rate was 0% and the stroke or death rate was 1.1%. Permanent cranial nerve palsy was experienced by 0.6% of patients. Twelve publications recorded 510 carotid artery stenting procedures in 482 patients. In symptomatic patients, the 30-day mortality rate was 5.1%, and the stroke or death rate was 5.1%. In asymptomatic patients, the 30-day mortality rate was 1.4%, and the stroke or death rate was 2.1%. There was no statistically significant difference in 30-day stroke or death rate between surgical revascularization and carotid artery stenting in all (odds ratio [OR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-1.70; P = .43), symptomatic (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.14-1.98; P = .38), or asymptomatic patients (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.06-5.42; P = .99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The published outcomes from high-volume centers demonstrate that surgical revascularization and stenting are both technically feasible in postradiotherapy carotid stenosis and have similar safety profiles to nonirradiated necks. Radiation should therefore not be considered a contraindication to surgical intervention.
authors: Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. vk103@ic.ac.uk
authors: Veeru
authors: V
authors: Kasivisvanathan
authors: Ankur
authors: A
authors: Thapar
authors: Kerry J
authors: KJ
authors: Davies
authors: Brahman
authors: B
authors: Dharmarajah
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Shalhoub
authors: Alun H
authors: AH
authors: Davies
mesh_terms: D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome