title: Ryanodine receptors: structure and function.
abstract: Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are huge ion channels that are responsible for the release of Ca(2+) from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum. RyRs form homotetramers with a mushroom-like shape, consisting of a large cytoplasmic head and transmembrane stalk. Ca(2+) is a major physiological ligand that triggers opening of RyRs, but a plethora of modulatory proteins and small molecules in the cytoplasm and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum lumen have been recognized. Over 300 mutations in RyRs are associated with severe skeletal muscle disorders or triggered cardiac arrhythmias. With the advent of high-resolution structures of individual domains, many of these can be mapped onto the three-dimensional structure.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada. filip.vanpetegem@gmail.com
authors: Filip
authors: F
authors: Van Petegem
mesh_terms: D000495:Allosteric Site; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000737:chemistry; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions; D008024:Ligands; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000378:metabolism*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D007477:Ions; D008024:Ligands; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D002118:Calcium