title: Metabolism-related proteins are differentially expressed according to the molecular subtype of invasive breast cancer defined by surrogate immunohistochemistry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of metabolism-related proteins such as Glut-1 and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) according to breast cancer molecular subtype.
  
  
  METHODS
  We generated a tissue microarray of 276 breast cancer patients and performed immunohistochemical staining for known metabolism-related proteins, which were evaluated according to the molecular subtype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of IGF-1, MIF, and HIF-1α was correlated with the HER-2 type (p < 0.05). Glut-1 overexpression and CAIX expression were associated with TNBC type, especially with basal-like type, high histologic grade, estrogen receptor negativity, and progesterone receptor negativity (p < 0.05). The expression of Glut-1 and CAIX was correlated with statistical significance (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified different patterns of expression of metabolism-related proteins according to the molecular subtypes of breast cancer defined by surrogate immunohistochemistry. Increased expression of HIF-1α, IGF-1, and MIF was noted in HER-2 type breast cancer and increased expression of Glut-1 and CAIX was noted in TNBC type breast cancer, especially in the basal-like subtype, which exhibited a glycolytic and acid-resistant tumor phenotype.
authors: Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
authors: Junjeong
authors: J
authors: Choi
authors: Woo-Hee
authors: WH
authors: Jung
authors: Ja Seung
authors: JS
authors: Koo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C089226:CA9 protein, human; C515598:MIF protein, human