title: Characterization and functional study of a cluster of four highly conserved orphan adhesion-GPCR in mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCR) constitute a structurally and functionally diverse class of seven-transmembrane receptor proteins. Although for some of the members important roles in immunology, neurology, as well as developmental biology have been suggested, most receptors have been poorly characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have studied evolution, expression, and function of an entire receptor group containing four uncharacterized aGPCR: Gpr110, Gpr111, Gpr115, and Gpr116. We show that the genomic loci of these four receptors are clustered tightly together in mouse and human genomes and that this cluster likely derives from a single common ancestor gene. Using transcriptional profiling on wild-type and knockout/LacZ reporter knockin mice strains, we have obtained detailed expression maps that show ubiquitous expression of Gpr116, co-expression of Gpr111 and Gpr115 in developing skin, and expression of Gpr110 in adult kidney. Loss of Gpr110, Gpr111, or Gpr115 function did not result in detectable defects, indicating that genes of this aGPCR group might function redundantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aGPCR cluster Gpr110, Gpr111, Gpr115, and Gpr116 developed from one common ancestor in vertebrates. Expression suggests a role in epithelia, and one can speculate about a possible redundant function of GPR111 and GPR115.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Simone.Proemel@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Prömel
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Waller-Evans
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Dixon
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Zahn
authors: William H
authors: WH
authors: Colledge
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Doran
authors: Mark B L
authors: MB
authors: Carlton
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Grosse
authors: Torsten
authors: T
authors: Schöneberg
authors: Andreas P
authors: AP
authors: Russ
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Langenhan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005697:Galactosides; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005697:Galactosides; D007211:Indoles; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C044888:5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside