title: Association of microtia with maternal nutrition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have investigated the potential association of maternal dietary intake and risk of microtia among offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included deliveries from 1997 to 2005 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Nonsyndromic cases of microtia were compared to nonmalformed, population-based, live-born control infants by estimating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression models that included maternal race or ethnicity, education, folic acid-containing supplement intake, fertility treatment, study site, and total energy intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing intake in the lowest 10th percentile versus the 10th to 90th percentiles, lower maternal intakes of carbohydrate (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07-2.38) and dietary folate (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.09-2.25) were associated with elevated risk of microtia. In addition, results suggested that higher diet quality (as measured by the Diet Quality Index, and comparing the highest with the lowest quartile) was protective, but the CI did not exclude one (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.50-1.07). Results were similar among obese and nonobese women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data contribute to the limited body of evidence regarding the potential contribution of maternal nutrition to the etiology of microtia.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California. chenma@stanford.edu
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Ma
authors: Gary M
authors: GM
authors: Shaw
authors: Angela E
authors: AE
authors: Scheuerle
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Canfield
authors: Suzan L
authors: SL
authors: Carmichael
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D065817:Congenital Microtia; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004423:Ear / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid