title: Antidepressant-like effect of bis-eugenol in the mice forced swimming test: evidence for the involvement of the monoaminergic system.
abstract: Dehydrodieugenol, known as bis-eugenol, is a eugenol ortho dimer, and both compounds were able to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in previous studies. Furthermore, eugenol showed antidepressant-like effect; however, the biological actions of bis-eugenol on experimental models for screening antidepressant activity are still unknown. The present study investigated a possible antidepressant-like activity of bis-eugenol in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice and the involvement in the monoaminergic system in this effect. In addition, a neurochemical analysis on brain monoamines of mice acutely treated with bis-eugenol was also conducted. Bis-eugenol decreased the immobility time in the FST and TST without accompanying changes in ambulation in the open field test at 10 mg/kg, i.p.. Nevertheless, it induced ambulation at 25 and 50 mg/kg doses. The anti-immobility effect of bis-eugenol (10 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was prevented by pretreatment of mice with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 100 mg/kg, i.p., an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, for four consecutive days), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (15 μg/kg, s.c., a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p., a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist). Monoamines analysis using high-performance liquid chromatograph revealed significant increase in the 5-HT, NE and DA levels in brain striatum. The present study indicates that bis-eugenol possesses antidepressant-like activity in FST and TST by altering dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic systems function.
authors: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP: 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors: Jeferson Falcão
authors: JF
authors: do Amaral
authors: Maria Izabel Gomes
authors: MI
authors: Silva
authors: Manuel Rufino
authors: MR
authors: de Aquino Neto
authors: Brinell Arcanjo
authors: BA
authors: Moura
authors: Alyne Mara Rodrigues
authors: AM
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Patrícia Freire
authors: PF
authors: Vasconcelos
authors: José Maria
authors: JM
authors: Barbosa Filho
authors: Stanley Juan Chavez
authors: SJ
authors: Gutierrez
authors: Silvânia Maria Mendes
authors: SM
authors: Vasconcelos
authors: Danielle Silveira
authors: DS
authors: Macêdo
authors: Francisca Cléa Florenço
authors: FC
authors: de Sousa
mesh_terms: D059331:Adrenergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005054:Eugenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D059326:Serotonergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D017705:Lignans; C479487:dehydrodieugenol; D012701:Serotonin; D005054:Eugenol; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine