title: Reversal of vanadium-induced toxicity by combination therapy of tiferron and α-tocopherol in rat during pregnancy and their fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of tiferron (sodium 4, 5-dihydroxybenzene-1, 3-disulfonate) per se and combination with α-tocopherol against vanadium induced developmental toxicity. Vanadium, as vanadyl sulphate pentahydrate, was evaluated for embryotoxic/fetotoxic effect in female albino rats (Sprague Dawley).
  
  
  METHODS
  The compound was administered by gavage to pregnant animals at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day, p.o. on day 6-15 of pregnancy (organogenesis). Tiferron was given on day 16-18 as chelating agent. Cesarean sections were performed on day 19 of gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal toxicity was observed, the level of sugar in the blood decreased, while we observed an increase in serum protein, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum transaminase activity. Level of lipid peroxidation showed enhances value in fetal and maternal liver. Vanadium induced inhibition in glycogen contents. Protein contents were decreased in vital organs where as increased in uterus and placenta. There was increased activity of acid phosphatase with the concomitant decline in alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and succnic dehydrogenase after vanadium intoxication. Toxicant caused severe alteration in histopathological observation of maternal and fetal liver, kidney, uterus and placenta proving its toxic consequences at cellular level. Tiferron along with α-tocopherol dramatically reversed alterations of all variables towards control rather than individual treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination therapy of tiferron and α-tocopherol played a beneficial role in reducing vanadium induced developmental toxicity.
authors: Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (MP), India. dr_sadhana59@rediffmail.com
authors: Sadhana
authors: S
authors: Shrivastava
authors: Anjana
authors: A
authors: Jadon
authors: Sangeeta
authors: S
authors: Shukla
authors: Ramesh
authors: R
authors: Mathur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017968:Vanadium Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D002614:Chelating Agents; D017968:Vanadium Compounds; C532601:sodium-4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonate; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol