title: Improvement in antioxidant activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and in vitro cellular properties of fermented pepino milk by Lactobacillus strains containing the glutamate decarboxylase gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional potential of fermented pepino extract (PE) milk by Lactobacillus strains containing the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) gene. Three Lactobacillus strains were selected, including L. brevis BCRC 12310, L. casei BCRC 14082 and L. salivarius subsp. salivarius BCRC 14759. The contents of free amino acids, total phenolics content, total carotenoids and the associated functional and antioxidant abilities were analyzed, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging ability and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Cell proliferation of fermented PE milk was also evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the unfermented PE, fermented PE milk from Lactobacillus strains with the GAD gene showed higher levels of total phenolics, γ-aminobutyric acid, ACE inhibitory activity, DPPH, and ORAC. The viability of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) determined by the MTT method decreased significantly when the cells were incubated with the PE and the fermented PE milk extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of fermented PE milk from Lactobacillus strains with the GAD gene is expected to benefit health. Further application as a health food is worthy of investigation. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors: Department of Food Science, National PengHu University of Science and Technology, Penghu County, Taiwan. thchiu@npu.edu.tw
authors: Tsai-Hsin
authors: TH
authors: Chiu
authors: Shwu-Jene
authors: SJ
authors: Tsai
authors: Tsung-Yen
authors: TY
authors: Wu
authors: Szu-Chieh
authors: SC
authors: Fu
authors: Yi-Ting
authors: YT
authors: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages / Q000382:microbiology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D055951:Functional Food; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D032322:Solanum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D028321:Plant Preparations; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C040278:MI 1544; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase