title: Effects of exercise on sRAGE levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) have been linked to systemic inflammation and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of exercise on sRAGE and its association with diverse cardiometabolic risk factors and indicators of atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five patients with T2DM were randomized into a control group and an aerobic exercise group (60 min at moderate intensity, five times/wk for 12 wk).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated sRAGE, energy expenditure, dietary energy intake, cardiorespiratory fitness, inflammatory markers, visceral fat area, pulse-wave velocity, and flow-mediated dilatation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline sRAGE concentrations were independently associated with age, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (R2=0.244). After 12 wk of exercise training, the exercise group showed significantly decreased body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, apolipoprotein B, and free fatty acid levels. Concurrently, cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold was improved, and body fat percentage and visceral fat area were significantly decreased in the exercise group, although pulse-wave velocity and flow-mediated dilatation were not changed. Furthermore, sRAGE levels were increased and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were decreased in the exercise group but not in the control group. Percent change of sRAGE level was negatively correlated with that of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein during the study period (r=-0.27; P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic exercise increases sRAGE levels along with improvement of various cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, and Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Eulji Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kyung Mook
authors: KM
authors: Choi
authors: Kyung Ah
authors: KA
authors: Han
authors: Hee Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Ahn
authors: Soon Young
authors: SY
authors: Hwang
authors: Ho Cheol
authors: HC
authors: Hong
authors: Hae Yoon
authors: HY
authors: Choi
authors: Sae Jeong
authors: SJ
authors: Yang
authors: Hye Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Yoo
authors: Sei Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Baik
authors: Dong Seop
authors: DS
authors: Choi
authors: Kyung Wan
authors: KW
authors: Min
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
chemical_list: D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic