title: Prevalence of and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection among young healthy women in Costa Rica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anal cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), yet little is known about anal HPV infection among healthy young women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2017 sexually active women in the control arm of an HPV-16/18 vaccine trial had a single anal specimen collected by a clinician at the 4-year study visit. Samples were tested for HPV by SPF(10) PCR/DEIA/LiPA(25), version 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4% of women had HPV-16, 22% had oncogenic HPV, and 31% had any HPV detected in an anal specimen. The prevalence of anal HPV was higher among women who reported anal intercourse, compared with those who did not (43.4% vs 28.4%; P< .001). Among women who reported anal intercourse, cervical HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.4-8.2]), number of sex partners (aOR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1-4.6] for ≥ 4 partners), and number of anal intercourse partners (aOR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1-3.3] for ≥ 2 partners) were independent risk factors for anal HPV detection. Among women who reported no anal intercourse, cervical HPV (aOR, 4.7 [95% CI, 3.7-5.9]), number of sex partners (aOR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.7-3.4] for ≥ 4 partners), and report of anal fissures (aOR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.1-4.8]) were associated with an increased odds of anal HPV detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anal HPV is common among young women, even those who report no anal sex, and was associated with cervical HPV infection. Anal fissures in women who report never having had anal intercourse may facilitate HPV exposure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00128661.
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. felipe.castro@nih.gov
authors: Felipe A
authors: FA
authors: Castro
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Quint
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Hormuzd A
authors: HA
authors: Katki
authors: Rolando
authors: R
authors: Herrero
authors: Leen-Jan
authors: LJ
authors: van Doorn
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Schiffman
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Struijk
authors: Ana Cecilia
authors: AC
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Corey
authors: C
authors: DelVecchio
authors: Douglas R
authors: DR
authors: Lowy
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Porras
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Jimenez
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Schiller
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Solomon
authors: Sholom
authors: S
authors: Wacholder
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Hildesheim
authors: Aimée R
authors: AR
authors: Kreimer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D003364:Costa Rica / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult