title: Overexpression of glutaredoxin protects cardiomyocytes against nitric oxide-induced apoptosis with suppressing the S-nitrosylation of proteins and nuclear translocation of GAPDH.
abstract: There is increasing evidence demonstrating that glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1), a cytosolic enzyme responsible for the catalysis of protein deglutathionylation, plays distinct roles in inflammation and apoptosis by inducing changes in the cellular redox system. In this study, we investigated whether and how the overexpression of GRX1 protects cardiomyocytes against nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis. Cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were transfected with the expression vector for mouse GRX1 cDNA, and mock-transfected cells were used as a control. Compared with the mock-transfected cells, the GRX1-transfected cells were more resistant to NO-induced apoptosis. Stimulation with NO significantly increased the nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a pro-apoptotic protein, in the mock-transfected cells, but did not change GAPDH localization in the GRX1-transfected cells. Furthermore, we found that NO stimulation clearly induced the oxidative modification of GAPDH in the mock-transfected cells, whereas less modification of GAPDH was observed in the GRX1-transfected cells. These data suggest that the overexpression of GRX1 could protect cardiomyocytes against NO-induced apoptosis, likely through the inhibition of the oxidative modification and the nuclear translocation of GAPDH.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. inadomic@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors: Chiaki
authors: C
authors: Inadomi
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Murata
authors: Yoshito
authors: Y
authors: Ihara
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Goto
authors: Yoshishige
authors: Y
authors: Urata
authors: Junji
authors: J
authors: Yodoi
authors: Takahito
authors: T
authors: Kondo
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Sumikawa
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology*; D054477:Glutaredoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating) / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C516006:Glrx protein, mouse; D054477:Glutaredoxins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)