title: [Magnesium homeostasis and its disturbances].
abstract: Magnesium homeostasis is maintained through normal functions of the kidney, intestine, and bone. In the kidney, approximately 80% magnesium is filtered by the glomeruli. In general, 95% filtered magnesium is collectively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule (15%-20%) , thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL, 65%-75%) , and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT, 5%-10%) . In the TAL, magnesium reabsorption regulated by the paracellular pathway via claudin-16 is driven by electrochemical voltage. Chloride channel Kb and renal outer medullary potassium channels control this lumen-positive voltage. In the DCT, the transcellular pathway via transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) plays a fundamental role in the final 5%-10% magnesium reabsorption. The functions of TRPM6 depend on Na-Cl co-transporters and Na( + )-K( + )-ATPase. Defects in these regulatory proteins may cause inherited or drug-induced disorders of magnesium metabolism. Recently, some proteins have been confirmed to be responsible for magnesium homeostasis ; however, further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of magnesium homeostasis.
authors: Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors: Kentaro
authors: K
authors: Nakai
mesh_terms: D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology; D057167:Claudins / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000502:physiology; D008138:Loop of Henle / Q000502:physiology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters / Q000502:physiology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000502:physiology; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels / Q000502:physiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D057167:Claudins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels; C459082:TRPM6 protein, human; C502010:claudin 16; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D008274:Magnesium