title: The relationship between psychotic-like experiences and sleep disturbances in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationships between sleep disturbances and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 8530 students (grades 7-11) were recruited in the Republic of Korea, and 7172 students who completed all of the relevant questionnaires participated in the current study. The survey included the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI), the Youth Psychosis At Risk Questionnaire (Y-PARQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and questionnaires about sleep disturbances (insomnia, cataplexy and snoring).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with insomnia, excessive daytime somnolence (EDS), or probable cataplexy had higher ESI and Y-PARQ scores after controlling for age, sex and BDI scores (all p<0.001). Insomnia (OR=4.40), EDS (OR=3.84) and probable cataplexy (OR=2.97) predicted clinical high risk of psychosis. Insomnia, EDS and probable cataplexy remained as significant predictors of clinical high risk for psychosis, even after controlling for depressive symptoms or when analyses were confined to non-depressive adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insomnia and EDS were found to predict PLEs in adolescents, independent of depression. Our findings suggest that adolescents complaining of insomnia or sleepiness may require further assessment regarding potential risk of psychosis.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yu Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Seong-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Cho
authors: In Hee
authors: IH
authors: Cho
authors: Joon Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Jang
authors: Seog Ju
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002385:Cataplexy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires