title: Anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat on the keratinocytes and ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skin flaps.
abstract: Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that occurs when tissues are subjected to ischemia for a variable period of time, and then reperfused. Inflammatory reaction has been implicated as one of the most important mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat on keratinocytes in vitro and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. We investigated the inhibition, by anthocyanins, of the expression of various inflammatory genes associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-treated (TNF-α) immortalized epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). We also investigated the effects of anthocyanins on the survival of skin flaps after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rats. According to Western blot analysis and a luciferase activity assay, anthocyanins inhibited TNF-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels through the NF-κB-dependent pathway. Administration of anthocyanins (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved the flap area survival in the 10-hour ischemic model from 62% to 74.5% and 83%, respectively (P = 0.001). The related cytokines in skin flap also changed as the same pattern as in vitro. Our results indicate that anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat had anti-inflammatory effects on the HaCaT cell line and increase the survival of skin flaps through anti-inflammatory properties against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Lianji
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Ki Churl
authors: KC
authors: Chang
authors: Sung Chul
authors: SC
authors: Shin
authors: Jong Il
authors: JI
authors: Chung
authors: Dawon
authors: D
authors: Kang
authors: Sang-Hyon
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Ji An
authors: JA
authors: Hur
authors: Tae Hyun
authors: TH
authors: Choi
authors: Sukwha
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Jaehoon
authors: J
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006085:Graft Survival; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012639:Seeds; D013025:Glycine max; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts