title: Food insecurity and obesogenic maternal infant feeding styles and practices in low-income families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the relationship between household food insecurity and maternal feeding styles, infant feeding practices, and perceptions and attitudes about infant weight in low-income mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers participating in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children with infants aged between 2 weeks and 6 months were interviewed. By using regression analyses, the following relationships were examined between food insecurity and: (1) controlling feeding styles (restrictive and pressuring); (2) infant feeding practices, including breastfeeding, juice consumption, and adding cereal to the bottle; and (3) perceptions and attitudes about infant weight. Path analysis was used to determine if perceptions and attitudes about infant weight mediated the relationships between food insecurity and controlling feeding styles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 201 mother-infant pairs, with 35% reporting household food insecurity. Food-insecure mothers were more likely to exhibit restrictive (B [SE]: 0.18 [0.08]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.34) and pressuring (B [SE]: 0.11 [0.06]; 95% CI: 0.001-0.22) feeding styles compared with food-secure mothers. No associations were found with feeding practices. Concern for their infant becoming overweight in the future was associated with food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio: 2.11 [95% CI: 1.02-4.38]). This concern mediated the relationship between food insecurity and both restrictive (P = .009) and pressuring (P = .01) feeding styles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased concern about future overweight and controlling feeding styles represent potential mechanisms by which food insecurity could be related to obesity. Obesity prevention should aim to decrease food insecurity and to reduce controlling feeding styles in families who remain food insecure.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3444 Kossuth Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. rgross@montefiore.org
authors: Rachel S
authors: RS
authors: Gross
authors: Alan L
authors: AL
authors: Mendelsohn
authors: Arthur H
authors: AH
authors: Fierman
authors: Andrew D
authors: AD
authors: Racine
authors: Mary Jo
authors: MJ
authors: Messito
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D001628:Beverages; D001835:Body Weight / Q000208:ethnology; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002523:Edible Grain; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000208:ethnology; D005523:Food Supply; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*