title: Carbohydrate and elicitor enhanced withanolide (withaferin A and withanolide A) accumulation in hairy root cultures of Withania somnifera (L.).
abstract: Leaves of Withania somnifera contained more withaferin A and withanolide A than roots indicating that these compounds mainly accumulate in leaves. With an increase in age of the plant, withaferin A was enhanced with a corresponding decrease in withanolide A. Hairy root cultures were induced from leaf explants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed by partial isolation and sequencing of rolB gene, which could not be amplified in untransformed plant parts. In hairy roots, withaferin A accumulated at 2, 3 and 4% but not at 6% sucrose, the highest amount being 1733 microg/g dry weight at 4% level. High and equal amounts of withaferin A and withanolide A accumulated (890 and 886 microg/g dry tissue respectively) only at 3% sucrose. Increasing concentrations of glucose enhanced withaferin A and it peaked at 5% level (3866 microg/g dry tissue). This amount is 2842 and 34% higher compared to untransformed roots and leaves (collected from 210-day-old plants) respectively. Withanolide A was detected at 5% glucose but not at other concentrations. While chitosan and nitric oxide increased withaferin A, jasmonic acid decreased it. Acetyl salicylic acid stimulated accumulation of both withaferin A and withanolide A at higher concentrations. Triadimefon, a fungicide, enhanced withaferin A by 1626 and 3061% (not detected earlier) compared to hairy and intact roots respectively.
authors: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors: Madhavi
authors: M
authors: Doma
authors: Gauri
authors: G
authors: Abhayankar
authors: V D
authors: VD
authors: Reddy
authors: P B
authors: PB
authors: Kavi Kishor
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017931:DNA Primers; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D032341:Withania / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054358:Withanolides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C433551:3-rhamnopyranosyl(1-4)-glucopyranosyl-12-diacetoxy-20-hydroxywitha-5,24-dienolide; D002241:Carbohydrates; D017931:DNA Primers; D054358:Withanolides; C009684:withaferin A