title: Health Impact Assessment of increased cycling to place of work or education in Copenhagen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the effects of increased cycling on both mortality and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health Impact Assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cycling to place of work or education in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects were calculated based on the working-age population of Copenhagen.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was change in burden of disease (measured as disability-adjusted life years (DALY)) due to changed exposure to the health determinants physical inactivity, air pollution (particulate matter <2.5 μm) and traffic accidents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obtainment of the proposed increase in cycling could reduce the burden of disease in the study population by 19.5 DALY annually. This overall effect comprised a reduction in the burden of disease from health outcomes associated with physical inactivity (76.0 DALY) and an increase in the burden of disease from outcomes associated with air pollution and traffic accidents (5.4 and 51.2 DALY, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study illustrates how quantitative Health Impact Assessment can help clarify potential effects of policies: increased cycling involves opposing effects from different outcomes but with the overall health effect being positive. This result illustrates the importance of designing policies that promote the health benefits and minimise the health risks related to cycling.
authors: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, CSS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Astrid Ledgaard
authors: AL
authors: Holm
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Glümer
authors: Finn
authors: F
authors: Diderichsen