title: Titanium phosphate glass microspheres for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: We have demonstrated the successful production of titanium phosphate glass microspheres in the size range of ∼10-200 μm using an inexpensive, efficient, easily scalable process and assessed their use in bone tissue engineering applications. Glasses of the following compositions were prepared by melt-quench techniques: 0.5P₂O₅-0.4CaO-(0.1-x)Na₂O-xTiO₂, where x=0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mol fraction (denoted as Ti3, Ti5 and Ti7 respectively). Several characterization studies such as differential thermal analysis, degradation (performed using a novel time lapse imaging technique) and pH and ion release measurements revealed significant densification of the glass structure with increased incorporation of TiO₂ in the glass from 3 to 5 mol.%, although further TiO₂ incorporation up to 7 mol.% did not affect the glass structure to the same extent. Cell culture studies performed using MG63 cells over a 7-day period clearly showed the ability of the microspheres to provide a stable surface for cell attachment, growth and proliferation. Taken together, the results confirm that 5 mol.% TiO₂ glass microspheres, on account of their relative ease of preparation and favourable biocompatibility, are worthy candidates for use as substrate materials in bone tissue engineering applications.
authors: Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
authors: Nilay J
authors: NJ
authors: Lakhkar
authors: Jeong-Hui
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Nicola J
authors: NJ
authors: Mordan
authors: Vehid
authors: V
authors: Salih
authors: Ivan B
authors: IB
authors: Wall
authors: Hae-Won
authors: HW
authors: Kim
authors: Scott P
authors: SP
authors: King
authors: John V
authors: JV
authors: Hanna
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Martin
authors: Owen
authors: O
authors: Addison
authors: J Fred W
authors: JF
authors: Mosselmans
authors: Jonathan C
authors: JC
authors: Knowles
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002412:Cations; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004055:Differential Thermal Analysis; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; C036532:titanium phosphate; D014025:Titanium