title: Is obesity development associated with dietary sugar intake in the U.S.?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the public health arena, a single component of total dietary intake, such as sugar intake, has been questioned as the health risk of obesity. This study aimed to investigate if the uptrend of obesity prevalence in the USA is associated with dietary sugar intake when other dietary intakes are controlled.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I (1971-1975, n = 20 195) and III (1988-1994, n = 28 663) were investigated. Multivariate predictive models were used to determine if body mass index was predicted by the daily intakes of total energy, carbohydrate (CHO), and total sugars and the percentages of energy from CHO, fat, total sugar, and added sugars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1970 through 1990, the contribution of sugars to total CHO intake decreased in the 1 to 18 y and ≥19 y subgroups, and the contribution of added sugars to the total energy intake did not change. Multivariate predictive models identified energy intake as a positive predictor, CHO as a negative predictor, and total sugar intake as a non-predictor for body mass index in the 1 to 18 y and ≥19 y age subgroups. Daily energy intake was positively predicted by CHO and fat intakes but not with total and added sugar intakes in the two age subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Energy intake was the primary contributor to body mass index in all age groups in this study. The major energy sources of children and adolescents differed from those of adults. The implicated associations between energy and macronutrient intakes indicate that keeping energy balance is the primary strategy to avoid obesity.
authors: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
authors: Won O
authors: WO
authors: Song
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Chin E
authors: CE
authors: Chung
authors: Bonita
authors: B
authors: Song
authors: Wutae
authors: W
authors: Lee
authors: Ock K
authors: OK
authors: Chun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D019422:Dietary Sucrose