title: Chesapeake Bay nutrient pollution: contribution from the land application of sewage sludge in Virginia.
abstract: Human health concerns and the dissemination of anthropogenic substances with unknown consequences are the reasons most often given why disposal of municipal sewage sludge in landfills or using the organic waste as biofuel is preferable to land application. But no "fertilizer" causes more nitrogen pollution than sludge when applied according to Virginia law. Poultry litter is the only other "fertilizer" that causes more phosphorus pollution than sludge. Cost savings by the few farmers in Virginia who use sludge are far less than the costs of the nitrogen pollution they cause. A ban on the land application of all forms of animal waste is very cost-effective and would reduce Chesapeake Bay nutrient pollution by 25%.
authors: U Texas Austin, PO Box 539, Ophelia VA 22530, United States. JandL@nnwifi.com
authors: Lynton S
authors: LS
authors: Land
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D014768:Virginia; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen