title: NMDA receptor genotypes associated with the vulnerability to develop dyskinesia.
abstract: Dyskinesias are involuntary muscle movements that occur spontaneously in Huntington's disease (HD) and after long-term treatments for Parkinson's disease (levodopa-induced dyskinesia; LID) or for schizophrenia (tardive dyskinesia, TD). Previous studies suggested that dyskinesias in these three conditions originate from different neuronal pathways that converge on overstimulation of the motor cortex. We hypothesized that the same variants of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gene that were previously associated with the age of dyskinesia onset in HD were also associated with the vulnerability for TD and not LID. Genotyping patients with LID and TD revealed, however, that these two variants were dose-dependently associated with susceptibility to LID, but not TD. This suggested that LID, TD and HD might arise from the same neuronal pathways, but TD results from a different mechanism.
authors: Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Ivanova
authors: A J M
authors: AJ
authors: Loonen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Pechlivanoglou
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Freidin
authors: A F Y
authors: AF
authors: Al Hadithy
authors: E V
authors: EV
authors: Rudikov
authors: I A
authors: IA
authors: Zhukova
authors: N V
authors: NV
authors: Govorin
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Sorokina
authors: O Y
authors: OY
authors: Fedorenko
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Alifirova
authors: A V
authors: AV
authors: Semke
authors: J R B J
authors: JR
authors: Brouwers
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Wilffert
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000483:Alleles; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects; D008134:Long-Term Care; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate