title: Biologging, remotely-sensed oceanography and the continuous plankton recorder reveal the environmental determinants of a seabird wintering hotspot.
abstract: Marine environments are greatly affected by climate change, and understanding how this perturbation affects marine vertebrates is a major issue. In this context, it is essential to identify the environmental drivers of animal distribution. Here, we focused on the little auk (Alle alle), one of the world's most numerous seabirds and a major component in Arctic food webs. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we show how little auks adopt specific migratory strategies and balance environmental constraints to optimize their energy budgets. Miniature electronic loggers indicate that after breeding, birds from East Greenland migrate >2000 km to overwinter in a restricted area off Newfoundland. Synoptic data available from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) indicate that this region harbours some of the highest densities of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus found in the North Atlantic during winter. Examination of large-scale climatic and oceanographic data suggests that little auks favour patches of high copepod abundance in areas where air temperature ranges from 0°C to 5°C. These results greatly advance our understanding of animal responses to extreme environmental constraints, and highlight that information on habitat preference is key to identifying critical areas for marine conservation.
authors: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark. fort.jerome@gmail.com
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Fort
authors: Grégory
authors: G
authors: Beaugrand
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Grémillet
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Phillips
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D002980:Climate; D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D033342:Copepoda / Q000502:physiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D020387:Food Chain; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006116:Greenland; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D009791:Oceanography / Q000379:methods*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010933:Plankton / Q000502:physiology*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature