title: The metabolic syndrome in a Congolese population and its implications for metabolic syndrome definitions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome defined by International cut-off values are limited to detect people at high cardiometabolic risk in Central Africans in comparison with metabolic syndrome defined by ethnic-specific definition. We examined the relationship between metabolic syndromes, diabetes control, abdominal obesity, HDL-cholesterol groups and atherosclerotic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of type-2 diabetic central Africans from Kinshasa were studied. Outcome measures included control of diabetes, atherosclerosis, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, metabolic syndromes and atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1266 type-2 diabetic patients (48.8%), (61.8%), (27.1%) and (81%) had uncontrolled diabetes, atherosclerotics, metabolic syndrome (IDF/Europe), and metabolic syndrome (IDF/local) respectively. There was a significant U-shaped relationship between atherosclerotics complications, insulin resistance, delta postprandial glycaemia and HDL-cholesterol stratification. There was also a significant U-shaped relationship between cardiometabolic risk (P<0.01) and atherosclerotic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type-2 diabetic Central Africans exhibit very high rates of uncontrolled diabetes, atherosclerotic complications and metabolic syndrome. Both, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, low and very high HDL-cholesterol levels are cardiometabolic risk factors.
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa. longombenza@yahoo.fr
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Longo-Mbenza
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Kasiam Lasi On'kin
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nge Okwe
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kangola Kabangu
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000208:ethnology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL