title: Increased expression of interleukin-32 in the inflamed ileum of ankylosing spondylitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the mRNA expression and protein tissue distribution of IL-32 in ileal biopsy specimens from patients with AS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative gene expression analysis, by real-time PCR, of IL-32, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ was performed on ileal biopsies of 15 AS and 15 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 10 healthy subjects (HSs). IL-32 tissue distribution was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of IL-32 on the production of IL-10 by intestinal epithelial cell lines was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ileal specimens of patients with AS and intestinal chronic inflammation, significant up-regulation of IL-32 at both the mRNA and protein levels was found as compared with non-inflamed AS patients and controls. IL-32 over-expression in AS was accompanied by a significant increase of IL-10 but not of cytokines involved in IL-32 induction. IL-32 stimulates intestinal epithelial cell lines in vitro to produce IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest IL-32 as an important cytokine probably involved in the innate immune response occurring in early phases of intestinal inflammation, where it seems to play a prevalent protective role.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Ciccia
authors: Aroldo
authors: A
authors: Rizzo
authors: Antonina
authors: A
authors: Accardo-Palumbo
authors: Annarita
authors: A
authors: Giardina
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Bombardieri
authors: Giuliana
authors: G
authors: Guggino
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Taverna
authors: Giacomo De
authors: GD
authors: Leo
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Alessandro
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Triolo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007079:Ileitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma