title: An in vitro comparison of four intra-oral ceramic repair systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of different surface conditioning methods on the tensile bond strength (TBS) and integrity of the leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (Cerana(®) inserts)-resin composite interface, using four commercially available ceramic repair systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred extra-large Cerana(®) inserts were mechanically treated and stored in artificial saliva for 3 weeks and subsequently randomly assigned to one of the following ceramic repair systems (n=40/group): Group 1, Ceramic Repair(®) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein); Group 2, Cimara(®) (Voco, Germany); Group 3, Clearfil Repair(®) (Kuraray, Japan); Group 4, CoJet system(®) (3M ESPE, Germany); and Group 5, no surface conditioning and no adhesive system applied: the control group. Subsequently, resin composite material was added to the substrate surfaces and the ceramic-resin composite specimens were subjected to TBS testing. Representative samples from the test groups were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the mode of failure. The data were analysed statistically using a one-way multivariate analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test at a 95% confidence interval level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surface conditioning with the CoJet(®) system resulted in significantly higher bond strength values (5.2 ± 1.1 MPa) than surface conditioning with the other repair systems (p=0.03). The SEM examination of the failed interfaces revealed that all the specimens examined failed adhesively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst highest bond strength values were observed with the CoJet(®) system all tested repair systems resulted in relatively weak TBS values and, as a consequence, these repair systems may be indicated only as interim measures.
authors: University of Bristol Dental Hospital & School, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom. i.blum@bristol.ac.uk
authors: Igor R
authors: IR
authors: Blum
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Nikolinakos
authors: Christopher D
authors: CD
authors: Lynch
authors: Nairn H F
authors: NH
authors: Wilson
authors: Brian J
authors: BJ
authors: Millar
authors: Daryll C
authors: DC
authors: Jagger
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D017269:Dental Prosthesis Repair / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C113675:Cerana; D003188:Composite Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain