title: [GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction - GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables].
abstract: This article is the first of a series providing guidance for the use of the GRADE system of rating quality of evidence and grading strength of recommendations in systematic reviews, health technology assessments, and clinical practice guidelines addressing alternative management options. The GRADE process begins with asking an explicit question, including specification of all important outcomes. After the evidence has been collected and summarised, GRADE provides explicit criteria for rating the quality of evidence that include study design, risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, and magnitude of effect. Recommendations are characterised as strong or weak (alternative terms: conditional or discretionary) according to the quality of the supporting evidence and the balance between desirable and undesirable consequences of the alternative management options. GRADE suggests summarising evidence in succinct, transparent, and informative Summary of Findings tables that show the quality of evidence and the magnitude of relative and absolute effects for each important outcome and/or as evidence profiles that provide, in addition, detailed information about the reason for the quality of evidence rating. Subsequent articles in this series will address GRADE's approach to formulating questions, assessing quality of evidence, and developing recommendations.
authors: Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Medizinische Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. gero.langer@medizin.uni-halle.de
authors: Gero
authors: G
authors: Langer
authors: Joerg J
authors: JJ
authors: Meerpohl
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Perleth
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Gartlehner
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Kaminski-Hartenthaler
authors: Holger
authors: H
authors: Schünemann
mesh_terms: D023381:Endpoint Determination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D011643:Publishing; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000592:standards