title: Phase I, multicenter, randomized, open-label study evaluating the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of repeated once-daily doses of intravenous esomeprazole in children 0 to 17 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several oral proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are currently approved for use in pediatric patients in North America and Europe. However, when use of oral therapy is not possible or appropriate, intravenous formulations of PPIs may be helpful. Intravenous esomeprazole is approved in the United States for the short-term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with erosive esophagitis in adults and in pediatric patients 1 month to 17 years of age (inclusive) as an alternative to oral therapy. Four open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover studies in adults with GERD found no clinically relevant differences in acid suppression between repeated doses of oral and intravenous esomeprazole. However, the pharmacokinetics of intravenous esomeprazole has not been studied extensively in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerability of repeated doses of intravenous esomeprazole in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, open-label study, hospitalized patients (0-17 years of age) considered for acid suppression therapy received once-daily intravenous esomeprazole sodium for injection at 0.5 mg/kg (0-1 month of age), 1.0 mg/kg (1-11 months of age), 10 mg (1-5 years of age), 10 or 20 mg (6-11 years of age), or 20 or 40 mg (12-17 years of age) for 4 days. Children 6 to 11 years of age (inclusive) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive esomeprazole 10 or 20 mg, and adolescents 12 to 17 years of age (inclusive) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive esomeprazole 20 or 40 mg. Blood samples were drawn pre- and post-dose. Plasma esomeprazole was measured using reversed-phase liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic variables were derived using mixed-effects modeling. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine patients were randomized and 57 received the study drug. A majority of patients were white (44 white, 5 black/African American, 3 Asian, 5 other) and male (35/57). Fifty patients were eligible for pharmacokinetic analysis, including 6 to 8 patients in each age group. Esomeprazole pharmacokinetics was dose proportional and related to weight and age. Clearance increased with increasing weight and age. The mean AUC(τ) ranged from 6.9 μmol · h/L (10 mg, 6-11 years) to 17.6 μmol · h/L (40 mg, 12-17 years). The mean C(ss,max) ranged from 3.7 μmol/L (0.5 mg/kg, 0-1 month) to 10.5 μmol/L (40 mg, 12-17 years). Thirty-one patients experienced 1 or more AEs; 6 patients experienced 1 or more treatment-unrelated serious AEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous esomeprazole at doses resulting in targeted AUC(τ) and C(ss,max) similar to therapeutic exposure in adults appeared to be reasonably well tolerated in this small, select pediatric population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00474019.
authors: AstraZeneca, Södertälje, Sweden.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Sandström
authors: Geoffrey
authors: G
authors: Davidson
authors: Vasundhara
authors: V
authors: Tolia
authors: Janice E
authors: JE
authors: Sullivan
authors: Göran
authors: G
authors: Långström
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Lundborg
authors: Kurt
authors: K
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D064098:Esomeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064098:Esomeprazole