title: BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic             animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer.
abstract: We have recently demonstrated that a natural dietary supplement BreastDefend             (BD), which contains extracts from medicinal mushrooms (Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma             lucidum, Phellinus linteus), medicinal herbs (Scutellaria barbata, Astragalus             membranaceus, Curcuma longa), and purified biologically active nutritional compounds             (diindolylmethane and quercetin), inhibits proliferation and metastatic behavior             of MDA-MB-231 invasive human breast cancer cells in vitro. In the present study,             we evaluated whether BD suppresses growth and breast-to lung cancer metastasis             in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer cells implanted in mice. Oral application             of BD (100 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks) by intragastric gavage did not affect             body weight or activity of liver enzymes and did not show any sign of toxicity             in liver, spleen, kidney, lung and heart tissues in mice. Moreover, BD significantly             decreased the change in tumor volume over time compared to the control group (p=0.002).             BD treatment also markedly decreased the incidence of breast-to-lung cancer metastasis             from 67% (control) to 20% (BD) (p<0.05) and the number of metastases from 2.8             (0.0, 48.0) in the control group to 0.0 (0.0, 14.2) in the BD treatment group             (p<0.05). Finally, anti-metastatic activity of BD in vivo was further confirmed             by the downregulation of expression of PLAU (urokinase plasminogen activator,             uPA) and CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor-4) genes in breast tumors. In conclusion,             BD may be considered as a biological therapeutic agent against invasive breast             cancers.
authors: Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Jiahua
authors: J
authors: Jiang
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Thyagarajan-Sahu
authors: Jagadish
authors: J
authors: Loganathan
authors: Isaac
authors: I
authors: Eliaz
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Terry
authors: George E
authors: GE
authors: Sandusky
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Sliva
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C514936:CXCR4 protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator