title: Novel pathological abnormalities of deep brain structures including dysplastic neurons in anterior striatum associated with focal cortical dysplasia in epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some patients are not seizure free even after epileptogenic cortical resection. The authors recently described a case of frontal lobe epilepsy cured after the resection of periventricular white matter and striatum, in which dysplastic neurons were revealed. The authors attempted to confirm similar cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  They reviewed the records of 8 children with frontal lobe epilepsy who had daily (7) or monthly (1) seizures and underwent resections including deep brain structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients underwent multiple resections. Neuroimaging of the deep structures showed the transmantle sign in 3 patients, ictal hyperperfusion in 6, reduced iomazenil uptake in 2, and spike dipole clustering in 6. All patients became seizure free postoperatively. Focal cortical dysplasia of various types was diagnosed in all patients. Dysmorphic neurons were found in the cortex and subcortical white matter of 5 patients. The striatum was verified in 3 patients in whom dysmorphic neurons were scattered. In the periventricular white matter, prominent astrocytosis was evident in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathological abnormalities such as dysmorphic neurons and astrocytosis in deep brain structures would play a key role in epileptogenesis.
authors: Departments of Neurosurgery, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan. kaido@ncnp.go.jp
authors: Takanobu
authors: T
authors: Kaido
authors: Taisuke
authors: T
authors: Otsuki
authors: Akiyoshi
authors: A
authors: Kakita
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Sugai
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Saito
authors: Takafumi
authors: T
authors: Sakakibara
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Takahashi
authors: Yuu
authors: Y
authors: Kaneko
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Saito
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
authors: Ryoko
authors: R
authors: Honda
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Nakagawa
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Sasaki
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Itoh
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005911:Gliosis / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008499:Medical Records; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018401:Sample Size