title: Dietary factors impact on the association between CTSS variants and obesity related traits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cathepsin S, a protein coded by the CTSS gene, is implicated in adipose tissue biology--this protein enhances adipose tissue development. Our hypothesis is that common variants in CTSS play a role in body weight regulation and in the development of obesity and that these effects are influenced by dietary factors--increased by high protein, glycemic index and energy diets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four tag SNPs (rs7511673, rs11576175, rs10888390 and rs1136774) were selected to capture all common variation in the CTSS region. Association between these four SNPs and several adiposity measurements (BMI, waist circumference, waist for given BMI and being a weight gainer-experiencing the greatest degree of unexplained annual weight gain during follow-up or not) given, where applicable, both as baseline values and gain during the study period (6-8 years) were tested in 11,091 European individuals (linear or logistic regression models). We also examined the interaction between the CTSS variants and dietary factors--energy density, protein content (in grams or in % of total energy intake) and glycemic index--on these four adiposity phenotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found several associations between CTSS polymorphisms and anthropometric traits including baseline BMI (rs11576175 (SNP N°2), p = 0.02, β = -0.2446), and waist change over time (rs7511673 (SNP N°1), p = 0.01, β = -0.0433 and rs10888390 (SNP N°3), p = 0.04, β = -0.0342). In interaction with the percentage of proteins contained in the diet, rs11576175 (SNP N°2) was also associated with the risk of being a weight gainer (p(interaction) = 0.01, OR = 1.0526)--the risk of being a weight gainer increased with the percentage of proteins contained in the diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTSS variants seem to be nominally associated to obesity related traits and this association may be modified by dietary protein intake.
authors: Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (INSERM), U872, Nutriomique, Paris, France. henri.hooton@upmc.fr
authors: Henri
authors: H
authors: Hooton
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Angquist
authors: Claus
authors: C
authors: Holst
authors: Jorg
authors: J
authors: Hager
authors: Francis
authors: F
authors: Rousseau
authors: Rikke D
authors: RD
authors: Hansen
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjønneland
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Roswall
authors: Daphne L
authors: DL
authors: van der A
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Overvad
authors: Marianne Uhre
authors: MU
authors: Jakobsen
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Boeing
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: Meidtner
authors: Domenico
authors: D
authors: Palli
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Masala
authors: Nabila
authors: N
authors: Bouatia-Naji
authors: Wim H M
authors: WH
authors: Saris
authors: Edith J M
authors: EJ
authors: Feskens
authors: Nicolas J
authors: NJ
authors: Wareham
authors: Karani S
authors: KS
authors: Vimaleswaran
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Langin
authors: Ruth J F
authors: RJ
authors: Loos
authors: Thorkild I A
authors: TI
authors: Sørensen
authors: Karine
authors: K
authors: Clément
mesh_terms: D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S