title: Microarray analysis of the intestinal host response in Giardia duodenalis assemblage E infected calves.
abstract: Despite Giardia duodenalis being one of the most commonly found intestinal pathogens in humans and animals, little is known about the host-parasite interactions in its natural hosts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal response in calves following a G. duodenalis infection, using a bovine high-density oligo microarray to analyze global gene expression in the small intestine. The resulting microarray data suggested a decrease in inflammation, immune response, and immune cell migration in infected animals. These findings were examined in more detail by histological analyses combined with quantitative real-time PCR on a panel of cytokines. The transcription levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ showed a trend of being downregulated in the jejunum of infected animals compared to the negative controls. No immune cell recruitment could be seen after infection, and no intestinal pathologies, such as villus shortening or increased levels of apoptosis. Possible regulators of this intestinal response are the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα), and gamma (PPARγ) and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA), all for which an upregulated expression was found in the microarray and qRT-PCR analyses.
authors: Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Leentje
authors: L
authors: Dreesen
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Rinaldi
authors: Koen
authors: K
authors: Chiers
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Li
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Geurden
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Van den Broeck
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Goddeeris
authors: Jozef
authors: J
authors: Vercruysse
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: Claerebout
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Geldhof
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016829:Giardia lamblia; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase