title: Interaction between IL13 genotype and environmental factors in the risk for allergic rhinitis in Korean children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is increasing worldwide. Allergic diseases develop in susceptible subjects when they are exposed to specific environmental factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed changes in the prevalence of AR and identified genetic and environmental factors in early childhood that affect risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire to collect data on AR, allergies, and environmental exposures from 4554 elementary school students from 5 areas of Seoul, Korea, in 2008. We also obtained DNA from 1050 subjects from 1 area of Seoul for genotype analysis of IL13.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified genetic and environmental factors during infancy and early childhood that increased the risk for current AR (resulting in a diagnosis of AR and AR symptoms in the past 12 months) in elementary school-aged children. These included allergic disease in parents and antibiotic use in infants, allergic disease in parents and exposure of infants to mold, and allergic disease in parents and moving an infant to a newly built house. The risk of current AR also increased in subjects with GA or AA at nucleotide 2044 in IL13 who had been exposed to mold in the home during infancy (adjusted odds ratio, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.75-6.11) compared with subjects who had GG at this position and had not been exposed to mold (adjusted odds ratio, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.75-6.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of AR is increasing in Korean children. Children with a family history of allergic disease and exposure to specific environmental risk factors during infancy are more likely to have AR. Children with GA or AA at IL13(+2044) are at increased risk for AR when exposed to mold in the home during the first year of life.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Woo Kyung
authors: WK
authors: Kim
authors: Ji-Won
authors: JW
authors: Kwon
authors: Ju-Hee
authors: JH
authors: Seo
authors: Hyung Young
authors: HY
authors: Kim
authors: Jinho
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Byoung-Ju
authors: BJ
authors: Kim
authors: Hyo-Bin
authors: HB
authors: Kim
authors: So Yeon
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Kyung Won
authors: KW
authors: Kim
authors: Mi-Jin
authors: MJ
authors: Kang
authors: Yee-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Shin
authors: Soo-Jong
authors: SJ
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D018793:Interleukin-13; D012906:Smoke