title: Genetic polymorphisms located in genes related to immune and inflammatory processes are associated with end-stage renal disease: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease progression has been linked to pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of inflammation. These markers are also elevated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which constitutes a serious public health problem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes related to immune and inflammatory processes, could be associated with ESRD development.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study was carried out on 276 patients with ESRD and 288 control subjects. Forty-eight SNPs were genotyped via SNPlex platform. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between each sigle polymorphism and the development of ESRD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four polymorphisms showed association with ESRD: rs1801275 in the interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R) gene (OR: 0.66 (95%CI = 0.46-0.95); p = 0.025; overdominant model), rs4586 in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) gene (OR: 0.70 (95%CI = 0.54-0.90); p = 0.005; additive model), rs301640 located in an intergenic binding site for signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) (OR: 1.82 (95%CI = 1.17-2.83); p = 0.006; additive model) and rs7830 in the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene (OR: 1.31 (95%CI = 1.01-1.71); p = 0.043; additive model). After adjusting for multiple testing, results lost significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary data suggest that four genetic polymorphisms located in genes related to inflammation and immune processes could help to predict the risk of developing ESRD.
authors: Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2,2, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Ma Angeles
authors: MA
authors: Jimenez-Sousa
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: López
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Fernandez-Rodríguez
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Tamayo
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Fernández-Navarro
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Segura-Roda
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Heredia
authors: José I
authors: JI
authors: Gómez-Herreras
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Bustamante
authors: Juan Miguel
authors: JM
authors: García-Gómez
authors: Jesús F
authors: JF
authors: Bermejo-Martin
authors: Salvador
authors: S
authors: Resino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007249:Inflammation; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; C494090:STAT4 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III