title: Spinal anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in infants with congenital heart diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare hemodynamic parameters in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing noncardiac surgery (NCS) under awake spinal anesthesia (SA) with controls without CHD also undergoing SA.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCS poses a twofold higher mortality risk in infants with CHD. SA might be a good alternative to general anesthesia (GA) in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The files of 84 infants were reviewed; 42 had CHD and 42 were controls without CHD. Primary outcome measures were percent decrease in mean arterial pressure (%MAP decrease) and heart rate (%HR decrease)from baseline to the lowest intraoperative value. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), ANOVA with repeated measures, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis.Time to discharge was analyzed with the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant between-group differences in %MAP decrease and %HR decrease; no significant associations and correlations between %MAP decrease or %HR decrease and other variables; and no correlation between %MAP decrease and %HR decrease. A %MAP decrease of >20% was documented in 11 patients with CHD (26.2%) and 10 controls (23.8%); a lowest intraoperative HR of <100 b.min)1 was recorded in two study patients (4.8%) and four controls (9.5%) (P = NS for both). There were no cases of high SA or conversion to GA and no need for mechanical ventilation or inotropic support intra/postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary findings show that hemodynamic parameters in infants with CHD undergoing NCS under awake SA are not different from controls without CHD and that SA appears to be safe in infants with CHD.
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tiqwa, Israel. kachko_l@hotmail.com
authors: Ludmyla
authors: L
authors: Kachko
authors: Einat
authors: E
authors: Birk
authors: Eliahu
authors: E
authors: Simhi
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Tzeitlin
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Freud
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Katz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012306:Risk; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative