title: Anticancer activities of the extract from Longkong (Lansium domesticum) young fruits.
abstract: "Longkong"(Lansium domesticum Corr., Family: Meliaceae) is a fruit found in the south of Thailand. This plant has been used in traditional medicines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antiproliferative activities and the phytoconstituents of Longkong extracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity of 48 extracts were tested using the SRB assay and acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining, respectively. The extracts which gave the highest anticancer activity were selected to prepare the semipurified extracts and analysis for the constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest percentage yield (59.38%) was from the cold water extract of Longkong ripe fruits (RFWC). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in cold and hot methanol extract of Longkong stalks (STMC and STMH). The hot and cold chloroform young Longkong fruit extracts (YFCH and YFCC) exhibited a cytotoxic effect (IC(50) < 1 mg/mL) against cancer cells. For apoptotic induction, YFCH demonstrated the highest activity against KB of 13.84 ± 4.21% at 0.5 mg/mL which was 0.88 and 1.35 times of cisplatin and 5-FU, respectively, while apoptotic cells in HT-29 were 8.68 ± 1.85% at 5 mg/mL, which was 0.61 and 1.43 times of cisplatin and 5-FU, respectively. YFCC showed the highest apoptotic effect against KB cells at 10.70 ± 2.15% at 0.5 mg/mL, which was 0.68 and 1.07 times of cisplatin and 5-FU, respectively. The major phytoconstituents in YFCH were hexadecanoic acid (11.53%) and ethyl oleate (10.58%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crude extracts of Longkong showed anticancer activities and may provide new lead compounds for the development of anticancer products.
authors: Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. pmpti005@chiangmai.ac.th
authors: Aranya
authors: A
authors: Manosroi
authors: Pensak
authors: P
authors: Jantrawut
authors: Mathukorn
authors: M
authors: Sainakham
authors: Worapaka
authors: W
authors: Manosroi
authors: Jiradej
authors: J
authors: Manosroi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil