title: Medical Priority Dispatch System breathing problems protocol key question combinations are associated with patient acuity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Breathing Problems Chief Complaint (CC) protocol in the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) was the system's most frequently used protocol. While "severe breathing problems" is a significant predictor of cardiac arrest (CA), previous data have demonstrated that the DELTA-level determinant codes in this CC contain patients across a wide spectrum of acuity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis in this study was that certain combinations of caller answers to the breathing problems protocol key questions (KQs) are correlated with different but specific patient acuities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study conducted at one International Academies of Emergency Dispatch (IAED) Accredited Center of Excellence. Key Question combinations were generated and analyzed from 11 months of dispatch data, and extracted from MPDS software and the computer assisted dispatch system. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate measures between study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two thousand cases were recorded; 52% of patients were female and the median age was 61 years. Overall, based on the original MPDS Protocol (before generating KQ combinations), patients with abnormal breathing and clammy conditions were the youngest. The MPDS DELTA-level constituted the highest percentage of cases (74.0%) and the difficulty speaking between breaths (DSBB) condition was the most prevalent (50.3%). Ineffective breathing and not alert conditions had the highest cardiac arrest quotient (CAQ). Based on the KQ combinations, the CA patients who also had the not alert condition were significantly older than other patients. The percentage of CA outcomes in asthmatic patients was significantly higher in DSBB plus not alert; DSBB plus not alert plus changing color; and DSBB plus not alert plus clammy conditions cases, compared to asthmatic abnormal breathing cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings demonstrated that MPDS KQ answer combinations relate to patient acuity. Cardiac arrest patients are significantly less likely to be asthmatic than those without CA, and vice versa. Using a prioritization scheme that accounts for the presence of either single or multiple signs and/or symptom combinations for the Breathing Problems CC protocol would be a more accurate method of assigning DELTA-level cases in the MPDS.
authors: International Academies of Emergency Dispatch, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Clawson
authors: Tracey
authors: T
authors: Barron
authors: Greg
authors: G
authors: Scott
authors: A Niroshan
authors: AN
authors: Siriwardena
authors: Brett
authors: B
authors: Patterson
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Olola
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods; D006113:United Kingdom