title: Regular coffee but not espresso drinking is protective against fibrosis in a cohort mainly composed of morbidly obese European women with NAFLD undergoing bariatric surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the influence of coffee and other caffeinated drinks on liver fibrosis of severely obese European patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A specific questionnaire exploring various types of coffee (regular filtrated coffee and espresso), caffeinated drinks, and chocolate was filled in by 195 severely obese patients. All patients had liver biopsies that were analyzed according to the NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System. Univariate and multivariate analyses of significant fibrosis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caffeine came mainly from coffee-containing beverages (77.5%). Regular coffee and espresso were consumed in 30.8% and 50.2% of the patients, respectively. Regular coffee, espresso, and total caffeine consumption was similar between patients with and without NASH. While consumption of espresso, caffeinated soft drinks, and chocolate was similar among patients, with respect to the level of fibrosis, regular coffee consumption was lower in patients with significant fibrosis (F ≥2). According to logistic regression analysis, consumption of regular coffee was an independent protective factor for fibrosis (OR: 0.752 [0.578-0.980], p=0.035) in a model including level of AST (OR: 1.04 [1.004-1.076], p=0.029), presence of NASH (OR: 2.41 [1.007-5.782], p=0.048), presence of the metabolic syndrome (NS), and level of HOMA-IR (NS). Espresso, but not regular coffee consumption was higher in patients with lower HDL cholesterol level, higher triglyceride level, and the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of regular coffee but not espresso is an independent protective factor for liver fibrosis in severely obese European patients.
authors: Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1065, Team 8, Hepatic Complications in Obesity, Nice, F-06204 Cedex 3, France. rodolphe.anty@laposte.net
authors: Rodolphe
authors: R
authors: Anty
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Marjoux
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Iannelli
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Patouraux
authors: Anne-Sophie
authors: AS
authors: Schneck
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Bonnafous
authors: Camille
authors: C
authors: Gire
authors: Anca
authors: A
authors: Amzolini
authors: Imed
authors: I
authors: Ben-Amor
authors: Marie-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Saint-Paul
authors: Eugenia
authors: E
authors: Mariné-Barjoan
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Pariente
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Gugenheim
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Gual
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Tran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001706:Biopsy; D002099:Cacao; D002110:Caffeine; D003069:Coffee / Q000145:classification*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D030221:Cola; D015897:Comorbidity; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine