title: Role of transcription factor Sp1 in the quercetin-mediated inhibitory             effect on human malignant pleural mesothelioma.
abstract: Quercetin (Qu) is found in plants, including red onions and in the skins of red apples, and induces the apoptosis of certain malignant cells. However, no report has been issued on the apoptotic effect of Qu on human malignant pleural mesothelioma. In the present study, it was found that MSTO-211H mesothelioma cell viability was reduced and apoptotic cell death was increased by Qu (20-80 µM), which was found to have an IC₅₀ of 58 µM. In addition, Qu increased the sub-G₁ cell population, and was found to interact with specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and significantly suppressed its expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, Qu modulated the levels of Sp1 regulatory genes, such as cyclin D1, myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl)-1 and survivin in MSTO-211H cells. Apoptotic signaling cascades were activated by the cleavage of Bid, caspase-3 and PARP, and by the downregulation of Bcl-xL and the upregulation of Bax in MSTO-211H cells. Our results strongly suggest that Sp1 be considered as a novel molecular target of Qu in human malignant pleural mesothelioma.
authors: Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Brain                     Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic                     of Korea.
authors: Jung-Il
authors: JI
authors: Chae
authors: Jin Hyoung
authors: JH
authors: Cho
authors: Kyung-Ae
authors: KA
authors: Lee
authors: Nag-Jin
authors: NJ
authors: Choi
authors: Kang Seok
authors: KS
authors: Seo
authors: Sang-Bum
authors: SB
authors: Kim
authors: Sang-Han
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Jung-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Shim
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D011794:Quercetin