title: Optical performance of multifocal soft contact lenses via a single-pass method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A physical model eye capable of carrying soft contact lenses (CLs) was used as a platform to evaluate optical performance of several commercial multifocals (MFCLs) with high- and low-add powers and a single-vision control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optical performance was evaluated at three pupil sizes, six target vergences, and five CL-correcting positions using a spatially filtered monochromatic (632.8 nm) light source. The various target vergences were achieved by using negative trial lenses. A photosensor in the retinal plane recorded the image point-spread that enabled the computation of visual Strehl ratios. The centration of CLs was monitored by an additional integrated en face camera. Hydration of the correcting lens was maintained using a humidity chamber and repeated instillations of rewetting saline drops.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the MFCLs reduced performance for distance but considerably improved performance along the range of distance to near target vergences, relative to the single-vision CL. Performance was dependent on add power, design, pupil, and centration of the correcting CLs. Proclear (D) design produced good performance for intermediate vision, whereas Proclear (N) design performed well at near vision (p < 0.05). AirOptix design exhibited good performance for distance and intermediate vision. PureVision design showed improved performance across the test vergences, but only for pupils ≥4 mm in diameter. Performance of Acuvue bifocal was comparable with other MFCLs, but only for pupils >4 mm in diameter. Acuvue Oasys bifocal produced performance comparable with single-vision CL for most vergences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct measurement of single-pass images at the retinal plane of a physical model eye used in conjunction with various MFCLs is demonstrated. This method may have utility in evaluating the relative effectiveness of commercial and prototype designs.
authors: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. r.bakaraju@brienholdenvision.org
authors: Ravi C
authors: RC
authors: Bakaraju
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Ehrmann
authors: Darrin
authors: D
authors: Falk
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Ho
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Papas
mesh_terms: D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000592:standards*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results