title: Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate on gonadal development of male mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal transfer of bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) during gestational and weaning periods on gonadal development of male offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered by gavages in corn oil with 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day of BPA and DEHP from gestational days (GD1-21) to the weaning period (postnatal days (PND) 1-21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data indicated that the exposure significantly reduced the male-to-female sex ratio and the sizes of the gonads of male pups as recorded at PND15. The testes of the perinatally exposed male pups were developed less and the expression levels of testicular anti-mullerian hormone, androgen receptor, cyclin A, and StAR were significantly lesser than the control male pups. The less developed testes were accompanied with significant reductions in the expression levels of Gnrh and Fsh at the hypothalamic-pituitary levels. The negative effects were found to be persistent in the sexually mature pups at PND42.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data reveal that the maternal transfer of BPA and DEHP may impose negative influence on the development and functions of the reproductive system of male pups.
authors: Croucher Institute of Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Xi
authors: H T
authors: HT
authors: Wan
authors: Y G
authors: YG
authors: Zhao
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Wong
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Giesy
authors: Chris K C
authors: CK
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001835:Body Weight; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D042341:Gonadal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000378:metabolism; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013076:Sperm Count; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D042341:Gonadal Hormones; D006062:Gonadotropins; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds