title: Overexpression of the structural maintenance of chromosome 4 protein             is associated with tumor de-differentiation, advanced stage and vascular invasion             of primary liver cancer.
abstract: Structural maintenance of chromosome 4 (SMC4) is associated with tumorigenesis.             The present study aimed at detecting SMC4 expression in primary liver cancer and             its association with clinicopathological patient data. A total of 72 primary liver             cancer tissues and 6 liver cell lines were assessed for expression of SMC4 mRNA             and protein with qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively.             SMC4 siRNAs were constructed to knockdown SMC4 expression, and phenotypic changes             of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and             cell viability assays. The data showed that SMC4 mRNA and protein were highly             expressed in HCC tissues compared to the normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis             revealed that 52 of 72 (72.2%) paraffin-embedded primary liver cancer tissues             displayed strong cytoplasmic staining of SMC4 protein, whereas only 6 (8.3%) normal             liver tissues showed immunostaining of SMC4. Statistical analysis showed that             SMC4 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, de-differentiation,             advanced stages and vascular invasion of the primary liver cancers. Moreover,             knockdown of SMC4 expression reduced HCC cell proliferation. These data demonstrated             that expression of SMC4 protein may be useful for the early detection and prediction             of primary liver cancer progression.
authors: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Zhou
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Yuan
authors: Menggang
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Hongming
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Xie
authors: Yanbin
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C580922:SMC4 protein, human