title: Trial participants' experiences of early enhanced speech and language therapy after stroke compared with employed visitor support: a qualitative study nested within a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore trial participants' experiences of the process and outcomes of early, enhanced speech and language therapy after stroke with support from an employed visitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study nested within a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twney-two people who, after stroke, had a diagnosis of aphasia (12), dysarthria (5) or both (5) and who participated in the ACT NoW study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight English NHS usual care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual interviews. Thematic content analysis assisted by a bespoke data transformation protocol for incorporating non-verbal and semantically ambiguous data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants highly regarded regular and sustained contact with someone outside of immediate family/friends who engaged them in deliberate activities/communication in the early months after stroke. Participants identified differences in the process of intervention between speech and language therapists and employed visitors. But no major discriminations were made between the impact or value of this contact according to whether provided by a speech and language therapist or employed visitor. Participant-defined criteria for effectiveness of contact included: impact on mood and confidence, self-recognition of progress and the meeting of individual needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As in the randomized controlled trial, participants reported no evidence of added benefit of early communication therapy beyond that from attention control. The findings do not imply that regular contact with any non-professional can have beneficial effects for someone with aphasia or dysarthria in the early weeks following a stroke. The study points to specific conditions that would have to be met for contact to have a positive effect.
authors: School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK. alys.young@manchester.ac.uk
authors: Alys
authors: A
authors: Young
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Gomersall
authors: Audrey
authors: A
authors: Bowen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001037:Aphasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007808:Language Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013070:Speech Therapy; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation