title: Clinical care versus ethical obligations: HIV-1 and -2 co-infection with hepatitis B in a pregnant Jehovah's Witness.
abstract: Co-infection with HIV-1 and -2 is rare, even in west Africa. We present the case of a 38-year-old pregnant Jehovah's Witness presenting late in pregnancy with triple infection with HIV-1, HIV-2 and hepatitis B virus. There was a successful outcome in averting vertical transmission despite objections to management based on religious and cultural beliefs.
authors: Department of Genito-Urinary and HIV Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast, UK. quinnkj@doctors.org.uk
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Quinn
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: McCarty
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: Dinsmore
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Quah
mesh_terms: D060085:Coinfection / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D033221:Jehovah's Witnesses; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies