title: Engineering Macaca fascicularis cytochrome P450 2C20 to reduce animal testing for new drugs.
abstract: In order to develop in vitro methods as an alternative to P450 animal testing in the drug discovery process, two main requisites are necessary: 1) gathering of data on animal homologues of the human P450 enzymes, currently very limited, and 2) bypassing the requirement for both the P450 reductase and the expensive cofactor NADPH. In this work, P450 2C20 from Macaca fascicularis, homologue of the human P450 2C8 has been taken as a model system to develop such an alternative in vitro method by two different approaches. In the first approach called "molecular Lego", a soluble self-sufficient chimera was generated by fusing the P450 2C20 domain with the reductase domain of cytochrome P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium (P450 2C20/BMR). In the second approach, the need for the redox partner and also NADPH were both obviated by the direct immobilization of the P450 2C20 on glassy carbon and gold electrodes. Both systems were then compared to those obtained from the reconstituted P450 2C20 monooxygenase in presence of the human P450 reductase and NADPH using paclitaxel and amodiaquine, two typical drug substrates of the human P450 2C8. The K(M) values calculated for the 2C20 and 2C20/BMR in solution and for 2C20 immobilized on electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles were 1.9 ± 0.2, 5.9 ± 2.3, 3.0 ± 0.5 μM for paclitaxel and 1.2 ± 0.2, 1.6±0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 μM for amodiaquine, respectively. The data obtained not only show that the engineering of M. fascicularis did not affect its catalytic properties but also are consistent with K(M) values measured for the microsomal human P450 2C8 and therefore show the feasibility of developing alternative in vitro animal tests.
authors: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Rua
authors: Sheila J
authors: SJ
authors: Sadeghi
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Castrignanò
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Di Nardo
authors: Gianfranco
authors: G
authors: Gilardi
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D009249:NADP; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C450259:CYP2C8 protein, human; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8