title: The effects of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on endometrial cytological findings in uterine endometrial cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously reported that oral administration of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor etodolac results in antitumor effects in endometrial cancer tissue. Herein, we investigated whether these antitumor effects could be assessed using endometrial cytological findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Etodolac (400 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks) was administered preoperatively to 21 endometrial cancer patients: 16 had COX-2-positive disease and 5 had COX-2-negative disease. Twenty-one pairs of pre- and post-etodolac-treatment endometrial cytological samples were collected to review changes in the cytological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the COX-2-positive patients, nuclear atypia was slightly decreased in 3 of the 16 cases, while the mitotic index was decreased in all cases. Cellular overlapping and tumor cell cluster outlines were somewhat affected in 6 and 8 cases, respectively. Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, anisokaryosis and hyperchromasia were also reduced in 6, 4, and 2 cases, respectively; however, tumor diathesis and nucleoli features were unchanged. In contrast, endometrial cytological features did not appear to be affected in the 5 COX-2-negative patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the antitumor effects observed in endometrial cancer tissues following oral administration of etodolac are reflected in and can be easily assessed by evaluating endometrial cytological features.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan. khase@fujita-hu.ac.jp
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Hasegawa
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Kawamura
authors: Rina
authors: R
authors: Kato
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Komiyama
authors: Chiyuki
authors: C
authors: Kaneko
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Udagawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017308:Etodolac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D017308:Etodolac