title: Decelerated early growth in infants of overweight and obese mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and early infant growth and body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study performed at a university hospital/surrounding community. Ninety-seven nondiabetic mothers with singleton, term, healthy infants completed study visits at 2 weeks and 3 months of age. Before pregnancy, 59 mothers were normal weight, 18 were overweight, and 20 were obese. Infant anthropometrics and body composition via air-displacement plethysmography were measured. Infant feeding information and maternal prepregnancy weight were self-reported. Additional data were obtained via self-report and the medical record. Main outcome measures were change in weight, length, fat-free mass, and fat mass from 2 weeks to 3 months of age. Analysis was done via multivariate linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 weeks, anthropometrics and body composition did not differ across maternal body mass index groups. At 3 months, infants of overweight or obese mothers had gained less weight (P = .02), grew less in length (P = .01), and gained less fat mass (P = .01). Adjustment for breastfeeding status and regression to the mean via conditional change variables did not alter the results. The results were not altered after adjusting for maternal glucose values from a 50-g glucose challenge and for maternal smoking in a subset including 80% of the women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal overweight/obesity is associated with early deceleration in linear growth and adipose tissue accrual; replication of these findings is needed.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. katie-larsonode@uiowa.edu
authors: Katie Larson
authors: KL
authors: Ode
authors: Heather L
authors: HL
authors: Gray
authors: Sara E
authors: SE
authors: Ramel
authors: Michael K
authors: MK
authors: Georgieff
authors: Ellen W
authors: EW
authors: Demerath
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D010991:Plethysmography; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D015430:Weight Gain