title: UV dosage levels in summer: increased risk of ozone loss from convectively injected water vapor.
abstract: The observed presence of water vapor convectively injected deep into the stratosphere over the United States can fundamentally change the catalytic chlorine/bromine free-radical chemistry of the lower stratosphere by shifting total available inorganic chlorine into the catalytically active free-radical form, ClO. This chemical shift markedly affects total ozone loss rates and makes the catalytic system extraordinarily sensitive to convective injection into the mid-latitude lower stratosphere in summer. Were the intensity and frequency of convective injection to increase as a result of climate forcing by the continued addition of CO(2) and CH(4) to the atmosphere, increased risk of ozone loss and associated increases in ultraviolet dosage would follow.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. anderson@huarp.harvard.edu
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Anderson
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Wilmouth
authors: Jessica B
authors: JB
authors: Smith
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Sayres
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D018481:Convection; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012621:Seasons; D013227:Steam; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D013227:Steam; C042133:chlorosyl; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D008697:Methane