title: Consonant production accuracy in young cochlear implant recipients: developmental sound classes and word position effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare young cochlear implant (CI) recipients' consonant production accuracy with that of age- and gender-matched peers who were typically developing (TD). In addition to examining initial consonants, the authors compiled new data regarding the accuracy of final consonants and the order of consonant acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven young CI recipients with 24 months of CI experience and 11 age- and gender-matched TD peers produced target words in short sentences. Consonant production accuracy was examined for total scores, initial and final word positions, and three developmental sound classes: Early, Middle, and Late.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial consonants were produced with relatively greater accuracy than were final consonants by the TD and CI groups. Whereas initial consonants appeared to be acquired in a typical order, descriptive data suggest that this might not be the case for final consonants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although still delayed compared to age-matched peers, young CI recipients showed substantial progress in consonant acquisition. Their accuracy levels after 2 years of CI experience support the notion that implantation at a young age has added value for phonological development.
authors: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. dertmer@purdue.edu
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Ertmer
authors: Diana True
authors: DT
authors: Kloiber
authors: Jongmin
authors: J
authors: Jung
authors: Katie Connell
authors: KC
authors: Kirleis
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Bradford
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003638:Deafness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data