title: Gating of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels is voltage dependent.
abstract: Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels belong to the family of voltage-gated ion channels, but pore opening requires the presence of intracellular cyclic nucleotides. In the presence of a saturating agonist, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel gating is voltage independent and it is not known why cyclic nucleotide-gated channels are voltage-insensitive despite harbouring the S4-type voltage sensor. Here we report that, in the presence of Li(+), Na(+) and K(+), the gating of wild-type cyclic nucleotide-gated A1 and native cyclic nucleotide-gated channels is voltage independent, whereas their gating is highly voltage-dependent in the presence of Rb(+), Cs(+) and organic cations. Mutagenesis experiments show that voltage sensing occurs through a voltage sensor composed of charged/polar residues in the pore and of the S4-type voltage sensor. During evolution, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels lose their voltage-sensing ability when Na(+) or K(+) permeate so that the vertebrate photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channels are open at negative voltages, a necessary condition for phototransduction.
authors: SISSA (International School for Advanced Studies), Neurobiology Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
authors: Arin
authors: A
authors: Marchesi
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Mazzolini
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Torre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D012455:Salamandridae
chemical_list: D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels