title: Volatile compound profiling for the identification of Gram-negative bacteria by ion-molecule reaction-mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fast and reliable methods for the early detection and identification of micro-organism are of high interest. In addition to established methods, direct mass spectrometry-based analysis of volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by micro-organisms has recently been shown to allow species differentiation. Thus, a large number of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, which comprised Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Serratia marcescens, were subjected to headspace VC composition analysis using direct mass spectrometry in a low sample volume that allows for automation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ion-molecule reaction-mass spectrometry (IMR-MS) was applied to headspace analysis of the above bacterial samples incubated at 37°C starting with 10(2) CFU ml(-1) . Measurements of sample VC composition were performed at 4, 8 and 24 h. Microbial growth was detected in all samples after 8 h. After 24 h, species-specific mass spectra were obtained allowing differentiation between bacterial species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMR-MS provided rapid growth detection and identification of micro-organisms using a cumulative end-point model with a short analysis time of 3 min per sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following further validation, the presented method of bacterial sample headspace VC analysis has the potential to be used for bacteria differentiation.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. michael.dolch@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Dolch
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Hornuss
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Klocke
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Praun
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Villinger
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Denzer
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Schelling
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Schubert
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds