title: In vivo susceptibility of ESBL producing Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone in children with acute pyelonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The choice of empiric therapy of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children should be based on the knowledge of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the most common uropathogen and its antibiotic sensitivities considering that nowadays ESBL-producing [ESBL (+)] E. coli is on the rise worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine in vivo susceptibility of ESBL (+) E. coli to ceftriaxone (CTX), and to evaluate the options for empiric therapy for APN in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of CTX empiric therapy of APN in children treated at the University Children's Hospital in Belgrade from January 2005 to December 2009. ESBL phenotypic confirmatory test with ceftazidime, CTX and cefotaxime was performed for all urine isolates by disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. In vivo sensitivity of CTX documented by clinical response to empiric CTX therapy was compared between two groups of children: group I with ESBL (+) E. coli and group II with ESBL (-) E. coli APN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group I with ESBL (+) APN consisted of 94 patients and group II of 120 patients with ESBL (-) APN, respectively. All patients received CTX as empiric therapy at a mean dose of 66.9 mg during 7.2 +/- 2.6 days of therapy. Clinical effect of CTX was similar in patients with ESBL (+) compared to those with ESBL (-) APN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro resistance of ESBL E. coli to CTX determined by standard methods is not sufficiently predictive for its in vivo sensitivity. Therefore CTX may be used as empiric therapy for acute pyelonephritis in children.
authors: School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. amira@udk.bg.ac.rs
authors: Amira
authors: A
authors: Peco-Antić
authors: Dusan
authors: D
authors: Paripović
authors: Svetlana
authors: S
authors: Buljugić
authors: Brankica
authors: B
authors: Spasojević-Dimitrijeva
authors: Mirjana
authors: M
authors: Cvetković
authors: Suzana
authors: S
authors: Laban-Nestorović
authors: Gordana
authors: G
authors: Milosevski-Lomić
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D001618:beta-Lactamases