title: Solid-state nanopores for biosensing with submolecular resolution.
abstract: Biological cell membranes contain various types of ion channels and transmembrane pores in the 1-100 nm range, which are vital for cellular function. Individual channels can be probed electrically, as demonstrated by Neher and Sakmann in 1976 using the patch-clamp technique [Neher and Sakmann (1976) Nature 260, 799-802]. Since the 1990s, this work has inspired the use of protein or solid-state nanopores as inexpensive and ultrafast sensors for the detection of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA and proteins, but with particular focus on DNA sequencing. Solid-state nanopores in particular have the advantage that the pore size can be tailored to the analyte in question and that they can be modified using semi-conductor processing technology. This establishes solid-state nanopores as a new class of single-molecule biosensor devices, in some cases with submolecular resolution. In the present review, we discuss a few of the most important recent developments in this field and how they might be applied to studying protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions or in the context of ultra-fast DNA sequencing.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors: Azadeh
authors: A
authors: Bahrami
authors: Fatma
authors: F
authors: Doğan
authors: Deanpen
authors: D
authors: Japrung
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D058608:Nanopores; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA