title: Methylated actinomycin D, a novel actinomycin D analog induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through Fas- and mitochondria-mediated pathways.
abstract: Actinomycin D (Act D), a well known of clinical antitumor drug, has been used for the treatment of some highly malignant tumors, however, the clinical application was limited by its extreme cytotoxicity. In the present study, we reported that methylated actinomycin D (mAct D), a novel actinomycin D analog isolated from Streptomyces sp. KLBMP 2541 in our previous study, could not only exert stronger inhibitory effects on several human cancer cells than Act D in dose- and time-dependent manner at ng concentrations, especially on HepG2 cells, but also lower cytotoxicity in normal cells (HL-7702). Base on these results, HepG2 cells were treated for further study to illustrate the potential mechanism of mAct D. The results of nuclei morphology examination, DNA fragmentation detection, sub-G1 analysis, annexin V-FITC/PI staining and activation of caspase-3 indicated mAct D significantly induced HepG2 cells apoptosis. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that mAct D induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through mitochondria-dependent pathway by increasing levels of caspase-9, Bax, Bak while decreasing levels of Bcl-2, Bid, and Fas-dependent pathway by increasing levels of Fas, FasL, FADD, and caspase-8. Subsequently, pretreatment with specific inhibitor of caspase-8 Z-LEHD-FMK and caspase-9 Z-LEHD-FMK significantly attenuated caspase-3 activity, the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, meanwhile increased the cell viability. In addition, p53 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) were also upregulated. Taken together, ng concentrations mAct D induces the apoptosis of HepG2 through Fas- and mitochondria-mediated pathway and presents a potential novel alternative agent for the treatment of human hepatic carcinoma.
authors: Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
authors: Yongqiang
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Jinjuan
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Yuan
authors: Chengliang
authors: C
authors: Cao
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Qin
authors: Xiaoying
authors: X
authors: Cao
authors: Guangkai
authors: G
authors: Bian
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Jihong
authors: J
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D016158:Genes, p53; D056945:Hep G2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C491901:FAS protein, human; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; C403754:benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-glutamyl-histidyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone; D019014:fas Receptor; C585829:methylated actinomycin D; C422562:mitochondrial transcription factor A; D003609:Dactinomycin; D020169:Caspases