title: Characterization of a novel gyrovirus in human stool and chicken meat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sequence-independent amplification of clinical specimens can lead to the identification of novel pathogens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify novel viruses in human stool specimens from patients with diarrhea and to investigate the ecology and clinical significance of such viruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nucleic acid extracted from stool specimens from patients with diarrhea with no known etiology were subjected to random PCR amplification and Roche/454 pyrosequencing. Novel viruses identified were genetically and epidemiologically characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four gyroviruses, chicken anemia virus (CAV), human gyrovirus (HGV)/avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2), gyrovirus 3 (GyV3) and a novel gyrovirus (tentatively designated as gyrovirus 4 (GyV4)) were identified in human stool specimens. GyV4, as well as CAV and AGV2/HGV were also detected in chicken skin and meat used for human consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel gyrovirus (GyV4) was identified in human stool and in chicken meat sold for human consumption. This virus was phylogenetically distinct from previously reported gyroviruses in chicken and humans (chicken anemia virus, human gyrovirus, avian gyrovirus 2 and recently reported gyrovirus 3). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of this virus in humans and in chicken needs to be further investigated.
authors: Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors: Daniel K W
authors: DK
authors: Chu
authors: Leo L M
authors: LL
authors: Poon
authors: Susan S S
authors: SS
authors: Chiu
authors: Kwok H
authors: KH
authors: Chan
authors: Erica M
authors: EM
authors: Ng
authors: Irma
authors: I
authors: Bauer
authors: Tim K
authors: TK
authors: Cheung
authors: Iris H Y
authors: IH
authors: Ng
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Guan
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: J S Malik
authors: JS
authors: Peiris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D046810:Gyrovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000821:virology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral