title: Effectiveness of 1 dose of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccines in preventing reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed H1N1 infection among school-aged children in maine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In late October 2009, school-located pandemic vaccination was initiated in Maine before or concurrent with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) peak activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control evaluation of 2009 H1N1 vaccine effectiveness was conducted in schools in Cumberland County, Maine. A case was a child who had an acute respiratory illness during 2 November-18 December 2009, and who tested positive for pH1N1 by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). For each case, ≥ 4 event time-matched controls were sampled among classmates present in school during the study period who did not have an influenza-like illness. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - adjusted odds ratio [aOR])100%; aOR was estimated by using weighted logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for a diagnosis of asthma, 1 dose of 2009 H1N1 vaccine provided 69% protection (95% confidence interval (CI), 13-89) against rRT-PCR-confirmed H1N1 infection. Vaccine effectiveness estimates for live attenuated and inactivated vaccine were 81% (95% CI, -37 to 97), and 58% (95% CI: -39 to 87), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One dose of monovalent pandemic vaccine provided substantial protection against pH1N1 infection among school-aged children.
authors: Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. aau5@cdc.gov
authors: Amra
authors: A
authors: Uzicanin
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Thompson
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Smith
authors: Sandra S
authors: SS
authors: Chaves
authors: Lydia
authors: L
authors: Foster
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Dube
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Graitcer
authors: Rebel
authors: R
authors: Jackson
authors: Jill
authors: J
authors: Ferdinands
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Gargiullo
authors: Dora
authors: D
authors: Mills
authors: Arnold S
authors: AS
authors: Monto
authors: David K
authors: DK
authors: Shay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008281:Maine / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated