title: Do U.S. research institutions meet or exceed federal mandates for instruction in responsible conduct of research? A national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the extent to which U.S. research institutions are meeting or exceeding National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation mandates to provide instruction in responsible conduct of research (RCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  In summer 2011, the authors sent an e-mail survey to officials responsible for overseeing RCR instructional programs at the 200 top-funded research institutions in the United States and Puerto Rico. They cross-classified the proportions exceeding federal mandates by the types of additional individuals required to receive training and by medical school presence/absence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 144 institutions (72%); all had an RCR program. Of these 144 institutions, 69 (47.9%) required only federally mandated individuals to take RCR training, whereas 75 (52.1%) required additional individuals to be trained as well. A greater proportion of institutions with medical schools (62.3%; 53/85) went beyond the federal mandates than did those without (37.3%; 22/59). Types of additional individuals required to receive training included all students in selected programs (23.6%; 34/144), all students participating in externally funded research (12.5%; 18/144), all graduate students (11.1%; 16/144), all faculty/staff participating in externally funded research (9.7%; 14/144), all postdoctoral students or fellows (8.3%; 12/144), all doctoral-level students (4.9%; 7/144), all faculty/staff involved in human subjects research (4.9%; 7/144), and all faculty/staff involved in animal research (2.1%; 3/144).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More institutions with medical schools exceeded federal RCR training mandates than did those without. The authors encourage other institutions to expand their RCR requirements to promote research integrity.
authors: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. resnikd@niehs.nih.gov
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Resnik
authors: Gregg E
authors: GE
authors: Dinse
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D032984:Ethics, Research / Q000193:education*; D035082:Federal Government; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D012108:Research Personnel / Q000193:education* / Q000941:ethics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States