title: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modulate mosquito susceptibility to Plasmodium infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitochondria perform multiple roles in cell biology, acting as the site of aerobic energy-transducing pathways and as an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulate redox metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that a novel member of the mitochondrial transporter protein family, Anopheles gambiae mitochondrial carrier 1 (AgMC1), is required to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential in mosquito midgut cells and modulates epithelial responses to Plasmodium infection. AgMC1 silencing reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in increased proton-leak and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. These metabolic changes reduce midgut ROS generation and increase A. gambiae susceptibility to Plasmodium infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide direct experimental evidence indicating that ROS derived from mitochondria can modulate mosquito epithelial responses to Plasmodium infection.
authors: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors: Renata L S
authors: RL
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Jose Henrique M
authors: JH
authors: Oliveira
authors: Giselle A
authors: GA
authors: Oliveira
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Andersen
authors: Marcus F
authors: MF
authors: Oliveira
authors: Pedro L
authors: PL
authors: Oliveira
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Barillas-Mury
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008288:Malaria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010802:Phylogeny; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000378:metabolism*; D011522:Protons; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D011522:Protons; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C577359:mitochondrial carrier 1 protein, Anopheles gambiae; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide