title: Time-resolved influences of functional DAT1 and COMT variants on visual perception and post-processing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dopamine plays an important role in orienting and the regulation of selective attention to relevant stimulus characteristics. Thus, we examined the influences of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of visual processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
  
  
  METHODS
  64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as preceding visual evoked potential components were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant additive main effects of DAT1 and COMT on the occipito-temporal early CNV were observed. In addition, there was a trend towards an interaction between the two polymorphisms. Source analysis showed early CNV generators in the ventral visual stream and in frontal regions. There was a strong negative correlation between occipito-temporal visual post-processing and the frontal early CNV component. The early CNV time interval 500-1000 ms after the visual cue was specifically affected while the preceding visual perception stages were not influenced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late visual potentials allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on visual post-processing. The same specific time-interval has been found to be affected by DAT1 and COMT during motor post-processing but not motor preparation. We propose the hypothesis that similar dopaminergic mechanisms modulate working memory encoding in both the visual and motor and perhaps other systems.
authors: Section for Clinical Neurophysiology and Multimodal Neuroimaging, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Stephan.Bender@uniklinik-dresden.de
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Bender
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Rellum
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Freitag
authors: Franz
authors: F
authors: Resch
authors: Marcella
authors: M
authors: Rietschel
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Treutlein
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Jennen-Steinmetz
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Brandeis
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Banaschewski
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Laucht
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003265:Contingent Negative Variation / Q000235:genetics; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase