title: Hypomanic symptoms assessed by the HCL-32 in patients with major depressive disorder: a multicenter trial across China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the results of the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32) administered as a screening instrument in clinical settings to mood disorders patients in the depressive phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1487 patients diagnosed and being treated for major depressive disorder (MDD) in 13 mental health centers across China were self-rated by the HCL-32 and independently examined by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After examination by the MINI, 309 (20.8%) of the 1487 patients clinically diagnosed as having MDD satisfied DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder (BD): 118 (7.9%) for bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and 191 (12.8%) for bipolar II disorder (BD-II). The mean HCL-32 score of the BD patients was statistically higher than that of patients with unipolar depression (UD, major depressive disorder), BD-II higher than UD, while no significant difference between BD-I and BD-II. The HCL-32 distinguished between BD and UD (best cutoff score 14), between BD-II and UD (best cutoff 12). At the optimum cutoff of 12 between BD and UD, the sensitivity was 0.86, specificity 0.69.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No standardized instruments were used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Depressed patients with a previous history of BD were excluded from this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HCL-32 results in this multicenter study of patients in the depressive phase were similar to those of earlier, generally smaller-scale studies which subjects could be in any mood phases. A score of 12 could be used as the optimum cutoff between BD and UD to improve screening for BD-II if the HCL-32 was applied in clinical settings in China.
authors: Division of Mood Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Guangdong province, China.
authors: Hai-Chen
authors: HC
authors: Yang
authors: Yu-Tao
authors: YT
authors: Xiang
authors: Tie-Bang
authors: TB
authors: Liu
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Han
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Hu
authors: Ling-Jiang
authors: LJ
authors: Li
authors: Xiao-Ping
authors: XP
authors: Wang
authors: Hong-Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Peng
authors: Tian-Mei
authors: TM
authors: Si
authors: Yi-Ru
authors: YR
authors: Fang
authors: Cheng-Mei
authors: CM
authors: Yuan
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Lu
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Hu
authors: Zhi-Yu
authors: ZY
authors: Chen
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Hui-Chun
authors: HC
authors: Li
authors: Jin-Bei
authors: JB
authors: Zhang
authors: Jules
authors: J
authors: Angst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D057189:Checklist; D002681:China; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity