title: Assessing gait adaptability in people with a unilateral amputation on an instrumented treadmill with a projected visual context.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gait adaptability, including the ability to avoid obstacles and to take visually guided steps, is essential for safe movement through a cluttered world. This aspect of walking ability is important for regaining independent mobility but is difficult to assess in clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of an instrumented treadmill with obstacles and stepping targets projected on the belt's surface for assessing prosthetic gait adaptability.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A control group of people who were able bodied (n=12) and groups of people with transtibial (n=12) and transfemoral (n=12) amputations participated. Participants walked at a self-selected speed on an instrumented treadmill with projected visual obstacles and stepping targets. Gait adaptability was evaluated in terms of anticipatory and reactive obstacle avoidance performance (for obstacles presented 4 steps and 1 step ahead, respectively) and accuracy of stepping on regular and irregular patterns of stepping targets. In addition, several clinical tests were administered, including timed walking tests and reports of incidence of falls and fear of falling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obstacle avoidance performance and stepping accuracy were significantly lower in the groups with amputations than in the control group. Anticipatory obstacle avoidance performance was moderately correlated with timed walking test scores. Reactive obstacle avoidance performance and stepping accuracy performance were not related to timed walking tests. Gait adaptability scores did not differ in groups stratified by incidence of falls or fear of falling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because gait adaptability was affected by walking speed, differences in self-selected walking speed may have diminished differences in gait adaptability between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gait adaptability can be validly assessed by use of an instrumented treadmill with a projected visual context. When walking speed is taken into account, this assessment provides unique, quantitative information about walking ability in people with a lower-limb amputation.
authors: MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. h.houdijk@vu.nl
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Houdijk
authors: Mariëlle W
authors: MW
authors: van Ooijen
authors: Jos J
authors: JJ
authors: Kraal
authors: Henri O
authors: HO
authors: Wiggerts
authors: Wojtek
authors: W
authors: Polomski
authors: Thomas W J
authors: TW
authors: Janssen
authors: Melvyn
authors: M
authors: Roerdink
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult