title: Antioxidant system efficiently protects goldfish gills from Ni(2+)-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: Fish gills are target organs for waterborne metal ions and this work aimed to investigate the effects of waterborne Ni(2+) (10, 25 and 50 mg L(-1)) on goldfish gills. A special focus was on the relationship between Ni uptake and the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the gills, the tissue, in direct contact with the metal pollutant. Ni-accumulation in the gills occurred as a function of exposure concentration (R(2)=0.98). The main indices of oxidative stress, namely carbonyl proteins (CP) and lipid peroxides (LOOH), decreased by 21-33% and 21-24%, as well as the activities of principal antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-dependent peroxidase, by 29-47% and 41-46%, respectively, in gills of Ni-exposed fish. One of the main players in the antioxidant defense of gills seems to be catalase, which increased by 23-53% in Ni-treated fish, and low molecular mass thiol-containing compounds (L-SH), exceeding untreated controls by 73-105% after fish exposure to 10-50 mg L(-1) of Ni(2+). The increased level of L-SH, mainly represented by reduced glutathione, was supported by enhanced activities of glutathione reductase (by 27-38%), glutathione-S-transferase (56-141%) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (by 96-117%) and demonstrates the ability of the antioxidant system of gills to resist Ni-induced oxidative stress.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
authors: Olga I
authors: OI
authors: Kubrak
authors: Viktor V
authors: VV
authors: Husak
authors: Bohdana M
authors: BM
authors: Rovenko
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Poigner
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Kriews
authors: Doris
authors: D
authors: Abele
authors: Volodymyr I
authors: VI
authors: Lushchak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009532:Nickel; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione