title: Duplex system ureterocele in infants: should we reconsider the indications for secondary surgery after endoscopic puncture or partial nephrectomy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed outcomes and need for secondary surgery after primary trans-urethral puncture (TUP) or upper pole partial nephrectomy (UPPN) in duplex system ureterocele (DSU) patients undergoing management that disregards vesicoureteral reflux and upper pole function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2003 and 2010, 41 DSU <1 year underwent TUP (n = 32) or UPPN (n = 9). Postoperatively, additional investigations and surgery were limited to cases showing persistent hydroureteronephrosis or developing recurrent febrile urinary tract infections (UTI). Outcome parameters included upper tract decompression, UTI after decompression, continence status, and secondary surgery rate. Preoperative variables were compared between patients who required secondary surgery and those who did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Additional surgery was required for persistent hydroureteronephrosis in 20% of cases after TUP vs none after UPPN. After decompression, 4 female patients developed recurrent febrile UTI and 2 required additional surgeries. No case suffered from urinary incontinence. After a median (range) follow-up of 46 (17-102) months, TUP or UPPN was the only surgery required in 32 (78%) cases irrespective of preoperative variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UPPN seems more effective than TUP in decompressing severely dilated urinary tracts. After decompression, disregarding VUR status and upper pole function, TUP or UPPN is the only procedure required in 80% of DSU cases, regardless of preoperative variables.
authors: Section of Paediatric Urology, Urology Unit, Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Monoblocco Ospedaliero, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. marcocastagnetti@hotmail.com
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Castagnetti
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Vidal
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Burei
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Zucchetta
authors: Luisa
authors: L
authors: Murer
authors: Waifro
authors: W
authors: Rigamonti
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000601:surgery*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery