title: The 3111T/C polymorphism interacts with stressful life events to influence patterns of sleep in females.
abstract: Genetic variations in clock-relevant genes have been investigated in relation to sleep abnormalities, both in healthy populations and in mood-disorder patients with inconsistent results. Environmental influences may moderate associations between genes and phenotype. The authors examined the CLOCK 3111T/C polymorphism and several variants within the PER3 gene and their possible interaction with stressful life events in a group of female volunteers (n = 415). Gene-environment (G × E) interactions and gene main effects were investigated on depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory and on change of sleep patterns (Item 16). Results showed a G × E interaction on alteration of sleeping pattern: the 3111C homozygous genotype reported greater disruption in sleep pattern after the experience of stressful life events. Within the PER3 gene, one G × E interaction was observed with rs228642 on sleep change. These findings show that the 3111T/C polymorphism is not associated with depressive symptoms, but only with symptoms of sleep change in the case of prior stressful life experiences. The combination of a sensitive genotype (3111C/C) and environmental stress increases vulnerability to circadian rhythm disruption in females.
authors: Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Niki
authors: N
authors: Antypa
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Mandelli
authors: Finiki A
authors: FA
authors: Nearchou
authors: Chrysostomos
authors: C
authors: Vaiopoulos
authors: Costas N
authors: CN
authors: Stefanis
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Serretti
authors: Nikos C
authors: NC
authors: Stefanis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012890:Sleep / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C512644:PER3 protein, human; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538943:CLOCK protein, human