title: [Faden operations - indications beyond esotropia and surgical results].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Faden operations is a well-known surgical option for the treatment of esotropia. To the best of our knowledge there are only a few reports available dealing with this particular topic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective series of patients in whom between 2000 and 2011 a faden operation was performed under all indications except esotropia. 23 patients (9 Graves' disease, 9 third nerve palsy, 3 sixth nerve palsy, 1 muscle dystrophy, 2 orbital trauma) were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5 out of 7 horizontally disturbed patients were operated unilaterally and the remaining 2 bilaterally. The field of binocular single vision increased from 15-70° preoperatively by 10-25° (unilateral) and 20-35° (bilateral) to 30-80° postoperatively. Out of the 16 vertically disturbed patients only one was operated on superior and inferior rectus simultaneously and all the other on only one muscle. The field of binocular single vision increased from 5-55° preoperatively by 5-45° to 10-80° postoperatively. There were no complications so far and none of the patients worsened with the surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A faden operation might help to increase the field of binocular single vision in cases of restrictive squint like Graves' disease or in paralytic strabismus.
authors: Abteilung Augenheilkunde, Bereich Strabologie, Neuroophthalmologie und okuloplastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Schittkowski
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Naxer
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome