title: Tourette's syndrome: from demonic possession and psychoanalysis to the discovery of gene.
abstract: In this paper we make a brief historical review of the hypothesis concerning the etiology of Tourette's syndrome (TS), focusing on varying trends over time: at first, its presumed relation to witchcraft and demonic possessions, followed by the psychoanalytical theory, which attributed TS to a masturbatory equivalent. Then, progressing to modern time, to the immunological theory and finally the advent of genetics and their role in the etiology of TS.
authors: Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba PR, Brazil.
authors: Francisco M B
authors: FM
authors: Germiniani
authors: Anna Paula P
authors: AP
authors: Miranda
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Ferenczy
authors: Renato P
authors: RP
authors: Munhoz
authors: Hélio A G
authors: HA
authors: Teive
mesh_terms: D049668:History, 15th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009040:Motion Pictures; D010151:Paintings; D011572:Psychoanalysis; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D018599:Witchcraft