title: Monitoring of Individual Needs in Diabetes (MIND)-2: follow-up data from the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) MIND study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of implementing computer-assisted Monitoring of Individual Needs in Diabetes (MIND) in routine diabetes care on psychological status and glycemic control, identify predictors of poor psychological outcomes, and evaluate care providers' experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MIND procedure was implemented as part of the annual review in diabetes clinics across eight countries in a prospective observational study with a 1-year follow-up. MIND encompasses well-being (World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]), diabetes-related distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID]), a Life Event Inventory, and the patient's agenda for their consultation. Medical data and agreed case-management actions were retrieved from the charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 1,567 patients, 891 patients (57%) were monitored at a 1-year follow-up. Twenty-eight percent of the patients screened positive for depression and/or diabetes distress at baseline and considered cases, 17% of whom were receiving psychological care. Cases were significantly more often female and had type 2 diabetes and worse glycemic control compared with noncases. Clinically relevant improvements in WHO-5 and PAID were observed over time in cases, irrespective of referral (effects sizes 0.59 and 0.48, respectively; P < 0.0001). Glycemic control did not change. Female sex, life events, and concomitant chronic diseases were predictors of poor psychological outcomes. MIND was well received by patients and staff.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIND appears suitable for screening and discussion of emotional distress as part of the annual review. Broader dissemination in diabetes care is recommendable, but sustainability will depend on reimbursement and availability of support services.
authors: VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. fj.snoek@vumc.nl
authors: Frank J
authors: FJ
authors: Snoek
authors: Nancy Y A
authors: NY
authors: Kersch
authors: Ebbe
authors: E
authors: Eldrup
authors: Ilana
authors: I
authors: Harman-Boehm
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Hermanns
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Kokoszka
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Matthews
authors: Brian E
authors: BE
authors: McGuire
authors: Mirjana
authors: M
authors: Pibernik-Okanović
authors: Joelle
authors: J
authors: Singer
authors: Maartje
authors: M
authors: de Wit
authors: Søren E
authors: SE
authors: Skovlund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies