title: LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the fungal pigment bikaverin in maize kernels as an indicator of ear rot.
abstract: Bikaverin is a polyketide-derived pigment produced by multiple species of the fungus Fusarium, some of which can cause ear and kernel rot of maize. A method was developed for the analysis of bikaverin by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The quantitative nature of the LC-MS/MS method was demonstrated over a range of concentrations of bikaverin in maize. For spike-recovery experiments utilising maize spiked with bikaverin to a level 5 µg g⁻¹ of maize, the measured recovery (%) was 70.6 ± 10.4. Based on the utilised method, the limit of detection (based on a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 3) was better than 0.5 µg g⁻¹ from bikaverin spiked into uncontaminated ground maize. Further, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 3 µg g⁻¹ (based on S/N > 10) from bikaverin spiked into ground maize. The method was applied to assess contamination of maize with bikaverin following inoculation of developing maize ears with Fusarium verticillioides under agricultural field conditions.
authors: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogen and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Mark.Busman@ars.usda.gov
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Busman
authors: R A E
authors: RA
authors: Butchko
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Proctor
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007087:Illinois; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D044004:Xanthones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological; D044004:Xanthones; C000269:bikaverin