title: Hydroxychloroquine in lupus: emerging evidence supporting multiple beneficial effects.
abstract: Due to multiple beneficial effects, including control of disease activity, reduction in cardiovascular events and improved survival, hydroxychloroquine is now recommended long-term for all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. However, patients must be made aware of the possible risk of retinal toxicity and have eye examinations to monitor for this complication. As hydroxychloroquine becomes more widely used in systemic lupus erythematosus, physicians must also be aware of rare but serious adverse effects, including neuromyotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tang
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Godfrey
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Stawell
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nikpour
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007774:Lactation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D002738:Chloroquine