title: Interruption of poliovirus transmission in Ghana: molecular epidemiology of wild-type 1 poliovirus isolated from 1995 to 2008.
abstract: Described in detail is the molecular epidemiology of wild-type 1 poliovirus circulation in Ghana between 1995-2008, following the implementation of a surveillance system for cases of acute flaccid paralysis and poliovirus infection. Molecular phylogenetic analysis combined with a detailed evaluation of epidemiological indicators revealed that the geographical and temporal circulation of wild-type poliovirus in Ghana was determined by the quality of the implementation of global eradication strategies. The transmission of "indigenous" wild-type 1 poliovirus was eliminated in 1999. However, a drastic reduction in national immunization campaigns resulted in the importation in 2003 and 2008 of wild-type 1 poliovirus from neighboring countries. Both outbreaks were promptly interrupted following resumption of immunization activities. The results detailed here provide scientific evidence that supports the feasibility of polio eradication in Central West Africa, one of the remaining endemic areas for the disease, provided that comprehensive immunization campaigns and sensitive surveillance systems are in place.
authors: Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
authors: John Kofi
authors: JK
authors: Odoom
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Forrest
authors: Glynis
authors: G
authors: Dunn
authors: Mubarak
authors: M
authors: Osei-Kwasi
authors: Evangeline
authors: E
authors: Obodai
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Arthur-Quarm
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Barnor
authors: Philip D
authors: PD
authors: Minor
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Martin
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D060740:Disease Eradication; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000266:history; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D032541:Mass Vaccination; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated