title: Biodecolorization and biodegradation of reactive Levafix Blue E-RA granulate dye by the white rot fungus Irpex lacteus.
abstract: The treatment of effluents from textile industry with microorganisms, especially bacteria and fungi, has recently gained attention. The present study was conducted using white rot fungi Irpex lacteus, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes sp., and Lentinula edodes for the decolorization of reactive textile Levafix Blue E-RA granulate dye. I. lacteus resulted in the best decolorization and degradation of the dye within four days. Therefore, more detailed studies were carried out using I. lacteus. The decolorization was evaluated at various concentration, pH values, and temperatures. The activities of laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase enzymes were estimated to reveal the roles of enzymes in decolorization. The colorless nature of the fungal cells revealed that decolorization occurred through degradation, and confirmed by analysis of the metabolites by UV-visible spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography after decolorization. The metabolites were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, and functional group analysis was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The degraded dye metabolites were assessed for phytotoxicity using Vigna radiata and Brassica juncea, which demonstrated nontoxic nature of the metabolites formed after degradation of dye.
authors: Department of Forest Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
authors: Duraisamy
authors: D
authors: Kalpana
authors: Natarajan
authors: N
authors: Velmurugan
authors: Jae Hong
authors: JH
authors: Shim
authors: Byung-Taek
authors: BT
authors: Oh
authors: Kalaiselvi
authors: K
authors: Senthil
authors: Yang Soo
authors: YS
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D020074:Lentinula / Q000378:metabolism; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020072:Polyporales / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013783:Textile Industry; D013997:Time Factors; D055454:Trametes / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase; C051129:manganese peroxidase