title: Non-severe nocturnal hypoglycemic events: experience and impacts on patient functioning and well-being.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-severe nocturnal hypoglycemic events (NSNHEs) are hypoglycemic events that occur during sleep but do not require medical assistance from another individual. This study was conducted to better understand the NSNHEs as patients actually experience them in their daily life, and how they impacted functioning and well-being.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine focus groups were held in four countries with diabetics (Type 1 and Type 2) who had experienced an NSNHE within the previous month: France (2 groups); Germany (2 groups); United Kingdom (2 groups); and United States (3 groups). These groups were audio-taped, translated to English where applicable, and analyzed thematically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-eight people with diabetes participated in the focus groups: 41 (53 %) were female and 37 (47 %) were male; 24 (31 %) had Type 1 diabetes, and 54 (69 %) had Type 2 diabetes. Participant reports were grouped into several major themes: next day effects, symptoms, sleep impacts, social impacts, corrective action, practical management, feelings about NSNHEs, and work impacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes experience NSNHEs. The range of impact on these patients is wide, from very mild to severe with a majority of participants experiencing strong impacts that limit their daily functioning. This finding suggests that NSNHEs are more impactful than previously believed.
authors: The Brod Group, 219 Julia Avenue, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA. mbrod@thebrodgroup.net
authors: Meryl
authors: M
authors: Brod
authors: Betsy
authors: B
authors: Pohlman
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Wolden
authors: Torsten
authors: T
authors: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012890:Sleep; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents