title: Vitamin D and hypertension:  an update and review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension are highly prevalent. This review will discuss the association between vitamin D deficiency and blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the past several years multiple prospective cohorts and randomized studies have been published. Recent studies have focused mostly on 25-hydroxy vitamin D, but a small number of trials used active vitamin D analog compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from cross-sectional studies report that low 25-hydroxy vitamin D is associated with higher systolic blood pressure and higher incidence of hypertension. Large observational studies show a weaker, yet similar association, but they have not largely accounted for the change in vitamin D levels over time. Randomized control trials conflict with observational data probably due to differences in populations studied, doses of vitamin D used, and unmeasured confounders. Further research is needed before clinical practice recommends vitamin D prescription as treatment for hypertension in the general population.
authors: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. htamez@partners.org
authors: Hector
authors: H
authors: Tamez
authors: Ravi I
authors: RI
authors: Thadhani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D