title: Liposomes for cardiovascular targeting.
abstract: Liposome-based pharmaceuticals used within the cardiovascular system are reviewed in this article. The delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents by plain liposomes and liposomes with surface-attached targeting antibodies or polyethylene glycol to prolong their circulation time and accumulation at vascular injuries, ischemic zones or sites of thrombi are also discussed. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of liposome-mediated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo targeting is presented, including discussion of the targeting of liposomes to pathological sites on the blood vessel wall and a description of liposomes that can be internalized by endothelial cells. Diagnostic liposomes used to target myocardial infarction and the relative importance of liposome size, targetability of immunoliposomes and prolonged circulation time on the efficiency of sealing hypoxia-induced plasma membrane damage to cardiocytes are discussed as a promising approach for therapy. The progress in the use of targeted liposomal plasmids for the transfection of hypoxic cardiomyocytes and myocardium is presented. Stent-mediated liposomal-based drug delivery is also reviewed briefly.
authors: The Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Mugar Building, Room 312, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Tatyana S
authors: TS
authors: Levchenko
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: Hartner
authors: Vladimir P
authors: VP
authors: Torchilin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols