title: Iron biofortification in rice by the introduction of multiple genes involved in iron nutrition.
abstract: To address the problem of iron-deficiency anemia, one of the most prevalent human micronutrient deficiencies globally, iron-biofortified rice was produced using three transgenic approaches: by enhancing iron storage in grains via expression of the iron storage protein ferritin using endosperm-specific promoters, enhancing iron translocation through overproduction of the natural metal chelator nicotianamine, and enhancing iron flux into the endosperm by means of iron(II)-nicotianamine transporter OsYSL2 expression under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter and sucrose transporter promoter. Our results indicate that the iron concentration in greenhouse-grown T(2) polished seeds was sixfold higher and that in paddy field-grown T(3) polished seeds was 4.4-fold higher than that in non-transgenic seeds, with no defect in yield. Moreover, the transgenic seeds accumulated zinc up to 1.6-times in the field. Our results demonstrate that introduction of multiple iron homeostasis genes is more effective for iron biofortification than the single introduction of individual genes.
authors: Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Masuda
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Ishimaru
authors: May Sann
authors: MS
authors: Aung
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Kakei
authors: Michiko
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Higuchi
authors: Hiromi
authors: H
authors: Nakanishi
authors: Naoko K
authors: NK
authors: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy; D005293:Ferritins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005527:Food, Fortified; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D023061:Gene Order; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron