title: In vivo infection by Trypanosoma cruzi: a morphometric study of tissue changes in mice.
abstract: Nifurtimox and benznidazole, medications currently used for the treatment of the Chagas disease, are not always successful. We determine whether (-)-cubebin and (-)-hinokinin could be used as alternative drugs for the treatment of parasitic infections by Trypanosoma cruzi. To this end, male BALB/c mice were treated with both drugs, and the nuclear parameters (largest diameter, smallest diameter, and perimeter) were determined from slides prepared from the spleen, liver, and heart. The cytotoxicity of the substances was determined after 24-h treatment. Results revealed increased cell nuclei in untreated infected animals as compared to uninfected mice. The values obtained for infected animals treated with (-)-cubebin and (-)-hinokinin were close to those observed for uninfected mice. For the spleen, perimeter values of 10.85 μm (p < 0.01) and 10.90 μm (p < 0.05) were obtained for mice treated with (-)-cubebin 50 mg/kg and (-)-hinokinin 20 mg/kg, respectively, whereas untreated infected animals furnished a perimeter of 11.76 μm. As for the liver, perimeter values of 19.06 μm (p < 0.01) and 18.61 μm (p < 0.001) were achieved for mice treated with (-)-cubebin 50 mg/kg and (-)-hinokinin 20 mg/kg, respectively, whereas a perimeter of 18.54 μm was obtained for untreated infected animals. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that (-)-cubebin and (-)-hinokinin does not display toxicity. Therefore, (-)-cubebin and (-)-hinokinin are promising therapeutic agents and could be used in future clinical studies concerning treatment of the Chagas disease. Even if the karyometry is not used frequently, it can complement other methods, such as PCR, and furthermore, it is a simple method which is easily possible to analyze the activity of substances in the tissues of treated infected animals compared to uninfected animals.
authors: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14404600, Franca, SP, Brazil. vivianeesperandim@hotmail.com
authors: Viviane Rodrigues
authors: VR
authors: Esperandim
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: da Silva Ferreira
authors: Karen Cristina
authors: KC
authors: Sousa Rezende
authors: Wilson Roberto
authors: WR
authors: Cunha
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Saraiva
authors: Jairo Kenupp
authors: JK
authors: Bastos
authors: Márcio Luis
authors: ML
authors: Andrade E Silva
authors: Sérgio
authors: S
authors: de Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D001699:Biometry; D002460:Cell Line; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D007621:Karyotyping; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D004149:Dioxoles; D017705:Lignans; C475934:hinokinin; C433065:cubebin; D015107:4-Butyrolactone