title: Analysis of changes in gene expression and metabolic profiles induced by silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles.
abstract: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have proven themselves to be useful in biomedical research; however, previous reports were insufficient to address the potential dangers of nanoparticles. Here, we investigated gene expression and metabolic changes based on the microarray and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with human embryo kidney 293 cells treated with MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC), a silica-coated MNP containing Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC). In addition, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC) on mitochondrial function. Compared to the nontreated control, glutamic acid was increased by more than 2.0-fold, and expression of genes related to the glutamic acid metabolic pathway was also disturbed in 1.0 μg/μL of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC)-treated cells. Furthermore, increases in ROS concentration and mitochondrial damage were observed in this MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC) concentration. The organic acids related to the Krebs cycle were also disturbed, and the capacity of ATP synthesis was decreased in cell treated with an overdose of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC). Collectively, these results suggest that overdose (1.0 μg/μL) of MNPs caused transcriptomic and metabolic disturbance. In addition, we suggest that a combination of gene expression and metabolic profiles will provide more detailed and sensitive toxicological evaluation for nanoparticles.
authors: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Wooyoung
authors: W
authors: Shim
authors: Man Jeong
authors: MJ
authors: Paik
authors: Duc-Toan
authors: DT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Jin-Kyu
authors: JK
authors: Lee
authors: Yuwon
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: Jae-Ho
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Eun-Hee
authors: EH
authors: Shin
authors: Jin Seok
authors: JS
authors: Kang
authors: Hak-Sung
authors: HS
authors: Jung
authors: Sangdun
authors: S
authors: Choi
authors: Sungsu
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: Jeom Soon
authors: JS
authors: Shim
authors: Gwang
authors: G
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008422:Materials Testing; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D020543:Proteome; D012822:Silicon Dioxide