title: Bioactivity of Samsum ant (Pachycondyla sennaarensis) venom against lipopolysaccharides through antioxidant and upregulation of Akt1 signaling in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed at investigating the oxidative stress ameliorating effect, lipids profile restoration, and the anti-inflammatory effect of Samsum Ant Venom (SAV) in induced endotoxemic male rats, injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed that LPS significantly increased the oxidative stress indications in LPS-injected rats. A significant increase of both malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), as well as a significant suppression of glutathione were all detected. Treatment with 100 μg/kg dose of SAV significantly restored the oxidative stress normal indications and increased the total glutathione levels. Treatment of the LPS-rats with 100 μg/kg dose of SAV showed a clear anti-inflammatory function; as the histological architecture of the hepatic tissue was partially recovered, along with a valuable decrease in the leukocytes infiltrated the hepatic tissues. Treatment of some rat groups with 600 μg/kg dose of SAV after LPS injection induced a severe endotoxemia that resulted in very high mortality rates. SAV versus the effects of LPS on AKT1, Fas, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA expression. SAV was found to significantly lower Fas gene expression comparing to the LPS group and restore the level of IFN-γ mRNA expression to that of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, SAV, at the dose of 100 μg/kg body weight, maintained and restored the oxidative stability, the anti-inflammatory, and the hypolipidemic bioactivity in rats after induced disruption of these parameters by LPS injection. This improvement by SAV was mediated by upregulation of AKT1.
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P,O,Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. hossamebaid@yahoo.com
authors: Hossam
authors: H
authors: Ebaid
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Al-Khalifa
authors: Ahmed M
authors: AM
authors: Isa
authors: Saad
authors: S
authors: Gadoa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001000:Ants / Q000737:chemistry*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014688:Venoms; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D005978:Glutathione