title: Antioxidant activities of extract and fractions from receptaculum nelumbinis and related flavonol glycosides.
abstract: The antioxidant activities of ethanolic crude extract (ECE) and its four different solvent sub-fractions (namely, petroleum ether fraction (PEF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (BF) and the aqueous fraction (AF) from the receptacles of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) were investigated using two in vitro antioxidant assays. BF showed the highest total phenolic content (607.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), total flavonoid content (862.7 mg/g rutin equivalents) and total proanthocyanidin content (331.0 mg/g catechin equivalents), accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Five flavonol glycosides, namely hyperoside (1), isoquercitrin (2), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-galactoside (4) and syringetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (5) were isolated from the Receptaculum Nelumbinis. Compounds 2-5 were isolated for the first time from the Receptaculum Nelumbinis. The five isolated flavone glycosides, particularly compounds 1-3, demonstrated significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, with IC(50) values of 8.9 ± 0.2, 5.2 ± 0.2, 7.5 ± 0.1 for DPPH and 114.2 ± 1.7, 112.8 ± 0.8, 172.5 ± 0.7 μg/mL for ABTS, respectively. These results suggest that Receptaculum Nelumbinis has strong antioxidant potential and may be potentially used as a safe and inexpensive bioactive source of natural antioxidants.
authors: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
authors: Yan-Bin
authors: YB
authors: Wu
authors: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
authors: Li-Jun
authors: LJ
authors: Zheng
authors: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
authors: Jian-Guo
authors: JG
authors: Wu
authors: Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
authors: Ti-Qiang
authors: TQ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Fujian Institute of Education, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yi
authors: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
authors: Jin-Zhong
authors: JZ
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006027:Glycosides; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D019800:Phenol; C000601036:lianfang; D020001:1-Butanol; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl