title: Germination dramatically increases isoflavonoid content and diversity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds.
abstract: The effect of germination on bioactive components in legume seeds was investigated in terms of the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents. Germination increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of most seeds. Particularly in chickpea seeds, the isoflavone contents increased by over 100 fold, mainly due to the increase of formononetin and biochanin A level. As a result, these two compounds were conveniently isolated from the germinated seeds in preparative scale and structurally confirmed by UV-vis, ESI-MS, and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Isoflavonoid fingerprints analyzed by HPLC-PDA and LC-ESI-MS demonstrated that germination could significantly increase isoflavonoids diversity. Twenty-five isoflavonoids were detected and identified tentatively. These include 20 isoflavones, 2 isoflavanones, and 3 pterocarpan phytoalexins. Total isoflavonoid content of germinated chickpea was approximately 5-fold of that of germinated soybean. Our findings suggest that the germinated chickpea seeds could serve as a promising functional food rich in isoflavonoids.
authors: Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Ziyun
authors: Z
authors: Wu
authors: Lixia
authors: L
authors: Song
authors: Shengbao
authors: S
authors: Feng
authors: Yuancai
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Guangyuan
authors: G
authors: He
authors: Yoecelyn
authors: Y
authors: Yioe
authors: Shao Quan
authors: SQ
authors: Liu
authors: Dejian
authors: D
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D029863:Cicer / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D019833:Genistein / Q000032:analysis; D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols; D036343:Pterocarpans / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D007529:Isoflavones; D010636:Phenols; D036343:Pterocarpans; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C007768:formononetin; D019833:Genistein; C004541:biochanin A; D000094162:Phytoalexins