title: Genetic testing by cancer site: urinary tract.
abstract: The roles of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial cancers of the upper urinary tract are often overlooked as indicators for genetic risk assessment. The key features of 5 hereditary cancer susceptibility conditions involving an increased risk for RCC are discussed. von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary papillary RCC, and hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC each predispose to a specific histological type of RCC, whereas Birt-Hogg-Dubé and hereditary paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma entail a variety of histologic findings. Familiarity with the rare or uncommon clinical features associated with these conditions, such as cutaneous neoplasms, paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma, and recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces, aids in identifying patients with an underlying RCC susceptibility. A path to identifying syndromic cases lies in thorough investigation of the patient's medical history, their family history, and the histological type of RCC reported in the family. A guide to genetic predisposition testing for RCC is proposed. Upper urinary tract cancers in Lynch syndrome are also discussed.
authors: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA. gchansmutko@partners.org
authors: Gayun
authors: G
authors: Chan-Smutko
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009386:Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000235:genetics