title: Colorectal lateral spreading tumor subtypes: clinicopathology and outcome of endoscopic submucosal dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological features of specific subtypes of laterally spreading tumor (LST) and assessed the outcome of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) based upon subdifferentiation status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 137 LSTs were present in 135 patients; 96 were granular and 41 exhibited a nongranular pattern. Granular LSTs, subdivided into homogeneous and nodular mixed, and nongranular LSTs, subdivided into flat-elevated and pseudodepressed, were retrospectively evaluated with respect to clinicopathological features and results of ESD (en bloc R0 curative resection, procedure time, complication, and recurrence rate) according to specific subtype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and submucosal carcinomas was more prominent among granular nodular mixed tumors than among granular homogeneous tumors (P = 0.007), whereas there was no significant difference between nongranular pseudodepressed tumors and flat-elevated tumors. The frequency of en bloc R0 curative resection did not differ significantly among specific subtypes. For nodular mixed and pseudodepressed lesions, the median tumor size was significantly larger (P < 0.001 for each) and mean procedure time was also longer (P < 0.05 for each) than for the other two subtypes. All complications, which included three perforations, five episodes of postoperative bleeding, and one recurrence, occurred in granular nodular mixed and nongranular pseudodepressed tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of cancer varies with the subtypes of LSTs. ESD is an effective treatment for LSTs, however ESD is more technically demanding and carries more complications in pseudodepressed and granular mixed subtypes.
authors: Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors: Mei-Dong
authors: MD
authors: Xu
authors: Xiao-Yun
authors: XY
authors: Wang
authors: Quan-Lin
authors: QL
authors: Li
authors: Ping-Hong
authors: PH
authors: Zhou
authors: Yi-Qun
authors: YQ
authors: Zhang
authors: Yun-Shi
authors: YS
authors: Zhong
authors: Wei-Feng
authors: WF
authors: Chen
authors: Li-Li
authors: LL
authors: Ma
authors: Wen-Zheng
authors: WZ
authors: Qin
authors: Jian-Wei
authors: JW
authors: Hu
authors: Li-Qing
authors: LQ
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome