title: Role of microglia in oxidative toxicity associated with encephalomycarditis virus infection in the central nervous system.
abstract: The single-stranded RNA encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) can replicate in the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to prominent brain lesions in the stratum pyramidale hippocampus and the stratum granulosum cerebelli. Activated microglia cells infected by EMCV produce a massive burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation, leading to neuronal death. Balancing this effect is mechanisms by which ROS are eliminated from the CNS. Cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) plays an important antioxidant role and contributes to cellular defense against EMCV infection. This review introduces recent knowledge on brain injury induced by EMCV infection via ROS generation as well as the involvement of various mediators and regulators in the pathogenesis.
authors: Central Laboratories for Frontier Technology, Kirin Holdings Co, Ltd, 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
authors: Yasuhisa
authors: 0000-0001-5957-8710
authors: Y
authors: Ano
authors: Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
authors: Akikazu
authors: A
authors: Sakudo
authors: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Onodera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018188:Cardiovirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004686:Encephalomyocarditis virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018621:PrPC Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018621:PrPC Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C056558:CYBB protein, human; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases