title: Phylogenetic relationships within anuran clade Terrarana, with emphasis on the placement of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest frogs genus Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae).
abstract: We present a phylogenetic hypothesis of the anuran clade Terrarana based on partial sequences of nuclear (Tyr and RAG1) and mitochondrial (12S, tRNA-Val, and 16S) genes, testing the monophyly of Ischnocnema and its species series. We performed maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses on 364 terminals: 11 outgroup terminals and 353 ingroup Terrarana terminals, including 139 Ischnocnema terminals (accounting for 29 of the 35 named Ischnocnema species) and 214 other Terrarana terminals within the families Brachycephalidae, Ceuthomantidae, Craugastoridae, and Eleutherodactylidae. Different optimality criteria produced similar results and mostly recovered the currently accepted families and genera. According to these topologies, Ischnocnema is not a monophyletic group. We propose new combinations for three species, relocating them to Pristimantis, and render Eleutherodactylus bilineatus Bokermann, 1975 incertae sedis status within Holoadeninae. The rearrangements in Ischnocnema place it outside the northernmost Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, where the fauna of Terrarana comprises typical Amazonian genera.
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, 13506-970 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. clarissa.canedo@gmail.com
authors: Clarissa
authors: C
authors: Canedo
authors: Célio F B
authors: CF
authors: Haddad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001938:Brazil; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases; C574400:LSF2 protein, Arabidopsis