title: Anti-oxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anti-carcinogensis activities of nitroastaxanthin and nitrolutein, the reaction products of astaxanthin and lutein with peroxynitrite.
abstract: Astaxanthin captured peroxynitrite to form nitroastaxanthins. 15-Nitroastaxanthin was a major reaction product of astaxanthin with peroxynitrite. Here, the anti-oxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anti-carcinogensis activities of 15-nitroastaxanthin were investigated. In addition to astaxanthin, 15-nitroastaxanthin showed excellent singlet oxygen quenching activity. Furthermore, 15-nitroastaxanthin showed inhibitory effects of in vitro Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation and two-stage carcinogensis on mouse skin papillomas. These activities were slightly higher than those of astaxanthin. Similar results were obtained for the 15-nitrolutein, a major reaction product of lutein with peroxynitrite.
authors: Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Maoka
authors: Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical R&D, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
authors: Harukuni
authors: H
authors: Tokuda
authors: Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical R&D, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
authors: Nobutaka
authors: N
authors: Suzuki
authors: Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Kato
authors: Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Etoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D014975:Lutein / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010212:Papilloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C033305:Epstein-Barr virus early antigen; D024341:Xanthophylls; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D014443:Tyrosine; C005948:astaxanthine; D014975:Lutein