title: Temporary biventricular pacing decreases the vasoactive-inotropic score after cardiac surgery: a substudy of a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vasoactive medications improve hemodynamics after cardiac surgery but are associated with high metabolic and arrhythmic burdens. The vasoactive-inotropic score was developed to quantify vasoactive and inotropic support after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients but may be useful in adults as well. Accordingly, we examined the time course of this score in a substudy of the Biventricular Pacing After Cardiac Surgery trial. We hypothesized that the score would be lower in patients randomized to biventricular pacing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients selected for increased risk of left ventricular dysfunction after cardiac surgery and randomized to temporary biventricular pacing or standard of care (no pacing) after cardiopulmonary bypass were studied in a clinical trial between April 2007 and June 2011. Vasoactive agents were assessed after cardiopulmonary bypass, after sternal closure, and 0 to 7 hours after admission to the intensive care unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the initial 3 collection points after cardiopulmonary bypass (mean duration, 131 minutes), the mean vasoactive-inotropic score decreased in the biventricular pacing group from 12.0 ± 1.5 to 10.5 ± 2.0 and increased in the standard of care group from 12.5 ± 1.9 to 15.5 ± 2.9. By using a linear mixed-effects model, the slopes of the time courses were significantly different (P = .02) and remained so for the first hour in the intensive care unit. However, the difference was no longer significant beyond this point (P = .26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vasoactive-inotropic score decreases in patients undergoing temporary biventricular pacing in the early postoperative period. Future studies are required to assess the impact of this effect on arrhythmogenesis, morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs.
authors: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Huy V
authors: HV
authors: Nguyen
authors: Vinod
authors: V
authors: Havalad
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Aponte-Patel
authors: Alexandra Y
authors: AY
authors: Murata
authors: Daniel Y
authors: DY
authors: Wang
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Rusanov
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Cheng
authors: Santos E
authors: SE
authors: Cabreriza
authors: Henry M
authors: HM
authors: Spotnitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents