title: Evaluation of adherence and depression among patients on peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is challenging for dialysis patients to maintain adherence to their medical regimen, and symptoms of depression are prevalent among them. Limited data is available about adherence and depression among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to examine the rates of treatment non-adherence and depression in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 PD patients (response rate 71.4%; mean age 64.4 ± 11.6 years) were assessed using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, Self Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form. A self-reported adherence (PD exchanges, medication and diet) scale developed for the study was also included. Medical information (e.g. most recent biochemistry results) was obtained from chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean self-reported scores indicated an overall high level of adherence, although a significant proportion of patients were non-adherent. Among the latter, 20% of patients were non-adherent to medication and 26% to diet due to forgetfulness, while 15% and 26% of patients admitted to deliberate non-adherence to medication and diet, respectively. Treatment modality, employment, self-care status and self-efficacy were associated with overall adherence. Using a cutoff point of 8 for HAD depression and anxiety subscales, 40% of patients were found to be depressed and 30% had symptoms of anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to document treatment adherence and depression among PD patients in Singapore. Findings of high prevalence of depression and anxiety, and reports of poor adherence warrant development of intervention programmes.
authors: Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Zhen Li
authors: ZL
authors: Yu
authors: Lee Ying
authors: LY
authors: Yeoh
authors: Ying Ying
authors: YY
authors: Seow
authors: Xue Chun
authors: XC
authors: Luo
authors: Konstadina
authors: K
authors: Griva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires