title: New strategies for echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in a mouse model of long-term myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this article is to present an optimized acquisition and analysis protocol for the echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricle (LV) remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  13 female DBA/2J mice underwent permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery leading to MI. Mice echocardiography was performed using a Vevo 770 (Visualsonics, Canada) before infarction, and 7, 14, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after LAD ligation. LV systolic function was evaluated using different parameters, including the fractional area change (FAC%) computed in four high-temporal resolution B-mode short axis images taken at different ventricular levels, and in one parasternal long axis. Pulsed wave and tissue Doppler modes were used to evaluate the diastolic function and Tei Index for global cardiac function. The echocardiographic measurements of infarct size were validated histologically using collagen deposition labeled by Sirius red staining. All data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and Student's t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results reveal LV dilation resulting in marked remodeling an severe systolic dysfunction, starting seven days after MI (LV internal apical diameter, basal = 2.82±0.24, 7d = 3.49±0.42; p<0.001. End-diastolic area, basal = 18.98±1.81, 7d = 22.04±2.11; p<0.001). A strong statistically significant negative correlation exists between the infarct size and long-axis FAC% (r = -0.946; R(2) = 0.90; p<0.05). Moreover, the measured Tei Index values confirmed significant post-infarction impairment of the global cardiac function (basal = 0.46±0.07, 7d = 0.55±0.08, 14 d = 0.57±0.06, 30 d = 0.54±0.06, 60 d = 0.54±0.07, 90 d = 0.57±0.08; p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, we have performed a complete characterization of LV post-infarction remodeling in a DBA/2J mouse model of MI, using parameters adapted to the particular characteristics of the model In the future, this well characterized model will be used in both investigative and pharmacological studies that require accurate quantitative monitoring of cardiac recovery after myocardial infarction.
authors: Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Benavides-Vallve
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Corbacho
authors: Olalla
authors: O
authors: Iglesias-Garcia
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Pelacho
authors: Edurne
authors: E
authors: Albiasu
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Castaño
authors: Arrate
authors: A
authors: Muñoz-Barrutia
authors: Felipe
authors: F
authors: Prosper
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Ortiz-de-Solorzano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D051379:Mice; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling