title: Fetuin-A and angiopoietins in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies, obesity has been constantly linked with insulin resistance and manifestation of type 2 DM. In addition, obesity is associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease and is regarded as a subclinical inflammatory condition characterized by release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines from adipose tissue. Both, type 2 DM and obesity are considered as major risks for developing micro- and macrovascular diseases. Recent studies showed that impaired circulating levels of fetuin-A, which is involved in propagating insulin resistance as well as circulating levels of angiopoietins, which are growth factors promoting angiogenesis, were observed in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 DM. However, independent of type 2 DM and obesity, defective regulation of fetuin-A and angiopoietin are playing a critical role in predisposing to coronary and peripheral vascular diseases. Therefore, mechanisms linking type 2 DM and obesity with fetuin-A and angiopoietins seem to be complex and are in need of further exploration. In this review, we aimed to present a summary concerning associations of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases with circulating levels of angiopoietins and fetuin-A. Furthermore, we aimed to focus on roles of fetuin-A and angiopoietins and to highlight the most plausible mechanisms that might explain their associations with type 2 DM and obesity.
authors: Unit of Gender Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Sazan
authors: S
authors: Rasul
authors: Ludwig
authors: L
authors: Wagner
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Kautzky-Willer
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D042682:Angiopoietins; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein