title: Detection and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus in clinical, environmental and putative animal sources.
abstract: Putative animal reservoirs and environmental samples were studied to investigate potential routes of transmission for indigenous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Hokkaido, Japan. A total of 468 liver samples and 954 environmental samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 for this study. Four swine livers (1 %) were positive for HEV RNA; two strains belonged to genotype 3 and the other two strains were genotype 4. Genotype 3 HEV was detected in a sewage sample and a seawater sample. HEV strains derived from swine liver, seawater and raw sewage samples shared 93-100 % sequence similarity with human HEV strains.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, North 19, West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan. ishidas@iph.pref.hokkaido.jp
authors: Setsuko
authors: S
authors: Ishida
authors: Shima
authors: S
authors: Yoshizumi
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Ikeda
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Miyoshi
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Goto
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Matsubayashi
authors: Hisami
authors: H
authors: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003670:Deer; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000821:virology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045483:Rivers / Q000821:virology; D012623:Seawater / Q000821:virology; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: C107815:3,17-diethynyl-13-ethyl-3,5-gonadiene-17-ol; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012722:Sewage; D009644:Norgestrel