title: The effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on hydroxyapatite-coated implants and fluoride-modified TiO2-blasted implant surfaces: a microstructural analysis.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microscopic changes and surface roughness on hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants following exposure to different powers and durations of Er:YAG laser irradiation in order to determine the proper pulse energy level and irradiation time. Ten HA-coated implants and ten fluoride-modified TiO2 implants were used. The implants were divided into a control (one implant) and test group (nine implants) for each implant type. Implants in the test groups were sub-divided into three groups (three implants per group) based on the applied laser pulse energy and irradiation time. The measurement of surface roughness was performed on all implants in the test groups using a white light interferometer before and after laser irradiation. R a values were recorded and compared in order to evaluate changes in surface roughness. For HA-coated implants, the R a values increased in all test groups after laser irradiation. However, mean R a values in the fluoride-modified TiO2-blasted implant test group were decreased after irradiation. There was no statistical difference. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed surface alterations in both the HA-coated and fluoridated TiO2-blasted implants irradiated for 1.5 min at 100 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz. When the pulse energy and irradiation time increased, greater surface alterations, including surface flattening and microfractures, were observed. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that no changes could be observed in both HA-coated implants and fluoride-modified TiO2-blasted implants after irradiation at an intensity of 100 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz for 1 min performed to achieve surface detoxification.
authors: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. dmdshin@yahoo.co.kr
authors: Seung-Il
authors: SI
authors: Shin
authors: Eun-Kwon
authors: EK
authors: Lee
authors: Jeong-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Ji-Hun
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Sun-Hee
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Young-Hyuk
authors: YH
authors: Kwon
authors: Yeek
authors: Y
authors: Herr
authors: Jong-Hyuk
authors: JH
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000528:radiation effects; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000528:radiation effects; D005459:Fluorides; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C009495:titanium dioxide; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides