title: Mix-and-match: ligand-receptor pairs in stomatal development and beyond.
abstract: Stomata are small valves on the plant epidermis balancing gas exchange and water loss. Stomata are formed according to positional cues. In Arabidopsis, two EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) peptides, EPF1 and EPF2, are secreted from stomatal precursors enforcing proper stomatal patterning. Here, I review recent studies revealing the ligand-receptor pairs and revising the previously predicted relations between receptors specifying stomatal patterning: ERECTA-family and TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM). Furthermore, EPF-LIKE9 (EPFL9/Stomagen) promotes stomatal differentiation from internal tissues. Two EPFL peptides specify inflorescence architecture, a process beyond stomatal development, as ligands for ERECTA. Thus, broadly expressed receptor kinases may regulate multiple developmental processes through perceiving different peptide ligands, each with a specialized expression pattern. TMM in the epidermis may fine-tune multiple EPF/EPFL signals to prevent signal interference.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ktorii@u.washington.edu
authors: Keiko U
authors: KU
authors: Torii
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008024:Ligands; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D011494:Protein Kinases