title: Development of a novel mucosal vaccine against strangles by supercritical enhanced atomization spray-drying of Streptococcus equi extracts and evaluation in a mouse model.
abstract: Strangles is an extremely contagious and sometimes deadly disease of the Equidae. The development of an effective vaccine should constitute an important asset to eradicate this worldwide infectious disease. In this work, we address the development of a mucosal vaccine by using a Supercritical Enhanced Atomization (SEA) spray-drying technique. Aqueous solutions containing the Streptococcus equi extracts and chitosan were converted into nanospheres with no use of organic solvents. The immune response in a mouse model showed that the nanospheres induced a well-balanced Th1 and Th2 response characterized by a unitary ratio between the concentrations of IgG2a and IgG1, together with IgA production. This strategy revealed to be an effective alternative for immunization against S. equi, and therefore, it may constitute a feasible option for production of a strangles vaccine.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering and Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. miguelrodrigues@ist.utl.pt
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Figueiredo
authors: Luís
authors: L
authors: Padrela
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Cadete
authors: João
authors: J
authors: Tiago
authors: Henrique A
authors: HA
authors: Matos
authors: Edmundo
authors: E
authors: Gomes de Azevedo
authors: Helena F
authors: HF
authors: Florindo
authors: Lídia M D
authors: LM
authors: Gonçalves
authors: António J
authors: AJ
authors: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D018397:Equidae / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D018502:Streptococcus equi / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012996:Solutions; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines; D014867:Water; D048271:Chitosan