title: [An approach to non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: an update on pathophysiology and treatment].
abstract: The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is based on the identification of at least two of the cardinal motor signs of the disease: rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and in progressive state the loss of postural reflexes. The disease is manifested mainly by motor signs but several non-motor features are present in patients with PD. Often, these non-motor symptoms can precede the motor features of the disease. We review part of the different non-motor symptoms that can be present in patients with PD. In many cases, the non-motor symptoms could cause important Limitations in the functionality of the patients, no less than the motor symptoms, and they are often difficult to treat.
authors: Bnai Zion Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Haifa. Miguel@netvision.net.il
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Schwartz
authors: Sergiu
authors: S
authors: Sabetay
mesh_terms: D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*