title: High compression pressure over the calf is more effective than graduated compression in enhancing venous pump function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Graduated compression is routinely employed as standard therapy for chronic venous insufficiency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to compare the haemodynamic efficiency of a multi-component graduated compression bandage (GCB) versus a negative graduated compression bandage (NGCB) applied with higher pressure over the calf.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 20 patients, all affected by greater saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence and candidates for surgery (Clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophysiologic data, CEAP C2-C5), the ejection fraction of the venous calf pump was measured using a plethysmographic method during a standardised walking test without compression, with GCB and NGCB, all composed of the same short-stretch material. Sub-bandage pressures were measured simultaneously over the distal leg and over the calf.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NGCBs with median pressures higher at the calf (62 mmHg) than at the distal leg (50 mmHg) achieved a significantly higher increase of ejection fraction (median +157%) compared with GCB, (+115%) with a distal pressure of 54 mmHg and a calf pressure of 28 mmHg (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with severe venous incompetence have a greater haemodynamic benefit from NGCB, especially during standing and walking, than from GCB.
authors: Clinica MD Barbantini, Via del Calcio n.2, 55100 Lucca, Italy. jmosti@tin.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mosti
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Partsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease; D058128:Compression Bandages; D004867:Equipment Design; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D010991:Plethysmography; D011187:Posture; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016138:Walking