title: A combination of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions and residual renal function, peritoneal transport, and inflammation markers: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The benefits of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids, particularly for residual renal function (RRF), are controversial. Moreover, the clinical effects of a PD regimen consisting of different biocompatible PD fluids have not been fully established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with end-stage kidney disease newly started on continuous ambulatory PD therapy (N = 150).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-month intervention with 3 biocompatible PD fluids (a neutral-pH, low glucose degradation product, 1.5% glucose solution; a solution with 1.1% amino acid; and a fluid with 7.5% icodextrin) or conventional PD fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome was change in RRF and daily urine volume. Secondary outcomes were peritoneal transport and inflammation markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  RRF, daily urine volume, serum and dialysate cytokine levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RRF(3.24 ± 1.98 vs 2.88 ± 2.43 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P = 0.9) and rate of decline in RRF (-0.76 ± 1.77 vs -0.91 ± 1.92 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per year; P = 0.6) did not differ between the biocompatible- and conventional-PD-fluid groups. However, patients using the biocompatible PD fluids had better preservation of daily urine volume (959 ± 515 vs 798 ± 615 mL/d in the conventional group, P = 0.02 by comparison of difference in overall change by repeated-measures analysis of variance). Their dialysate-plasma creatinine ratio at 4 hours was higher at 12 months (0.78 ± 0.13 vs 0.68 ± 0.12; P = 0.01 for comparison of the difference in overall change by repeated-measures analysis of variance). They also had significantly higher serum levels of adiponectin and overnight spent dialysate levels of cancer antigen 125, adiponectin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6). No differences between the 2 groups were observed for serum C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unblinded, relatively short follow-up; no formal sample-size calculations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a combination of 3 biocompatible PD fluids for 12 months compared with conventional PD fluid did not affect RRF, but was associated with better preservation of daily urine volume. The biocompatible PD fluids also lead to changes in small-solute transport and an increase in dialysate cancer antigen 125, IL-6, adiponectin, and systemic adiponectin levels, but have no effect on systemic inflammatory response. The clinical significance of these changes, while of great interest, remains to be determined by further studies.
authors: Department of Medicine, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors: Sing Leung
authors: SL
authors: Lui
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Yung
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Yim
authors: Kui Man
authors: KM
authors: Wong
authors: Kwok Lung
authors: KL
authors: Tong
authors: Kin Shing
authors: KS
authors: Wong
authors: Chun Sang
authors: CS
authors: Li
authors: Tak Cheung
authors: TC
authors: Au
authors: Wai Kei
authors: WK
authors: Lo
authors: Yiu Wing
authors: YW
authors: Ho
authors: Flora
authors: F
authors: Ng
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Tang
authors: Tak Mao
authors: TM
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D018836:Inflammation Mediators