title: Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages.
abstract: In the nonrecombining region of the Y-chromosome, there are single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) that establish haplogroups with particular geographical origins (European, African, Native American, etc.). The complex process of admixture that gave rise to the majority of the current Mexican population (~93%), known as Mestizos, can be examined with Y-SNPs to establish their paternal ancestry and population structure. We analyzed 18 Y-SNPs in 659 individuals from 10 Mexican-Mestizo populations from different regions of the country. In the total population sample, paternal ancestry was predominately European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%) and African (4.2%). However, the European ancestry was prevalent in the north and west (66.7-95%) and, conversely, Native American ancestry increased in the center and southeast (37-50%), whereas the African ancestry was low and relatively homogeneous (0-8.8%). Although this paternal landscape concurs with previous studies based on genome-wide SNPs and autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), this pattern contrasts with the maternal ancestry, mainly of Native American origin, based on maternal lineages haplogroups. In agreement with historical records, these results confirm a strong gender-biased admixture history between European males and Native American females that gave rise to Mexican-Mestizos. Finally, pairwise comparisons and analysis of molecular variance tests demonstrated significant population structure (F(ST)=4.68%; P<0.00005), delimiting clusters that were geographically defined as the following: north-west, center-south and southeast.
authors: Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), Ocotlán, Jalisco, México.
authors: Gabriela
authors: G
authors: Martínez-Cortés
authors: Joel
authors: J
authors: Salazar-Flores
authors: Laura Gabriela
authors: LG
authors: Fernández-Rodríguez
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Rubi-Castellanos
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Rodríguez-Loya
authors: Jesús Salvador
authors: JS
authors: Velarde-Félix
authors: José Franciso
authors: JF
authors: Muñoz-Valle
authors: Isela
authors: I
authors: Parra-Rojas
authors: Héctor
authors: H
authors: Rangel-Villalobos
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D051456:Gene Flow; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide