title: Supplementation of Acqua Lete® (Bicarbonate Calcic Mineral Water) improves hydration status in athletes after short term anaerobic exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental studies suggest that mineral waters with high concentrations of calcium and bicarbonate can impact acid-base balance. The purpose of this study was to test the effect on acid-base balance and specific urine gravity, of a bicarbonate calcic mineral water (Acqua Lete®) compared to a minimally mineralized water.
  
  
  METHODS
  88 amateur male athletes underwent two experimental trials with a modified Wingate test: the first was carried out without hydration (Control Test, Test C, n = 88); the second was carried out after one week of controlled hydration (Test with hydration, Test H, n = 88), with 1.5 L/day of a very low mineral content water (Group A, n = 44) or 1.5 L/day of Acqua Lete® (Group B, n = 44). Measure of body temperature, bioimpedance analysis, muscular ultrasound, and urinalysis were taken before (t0), immediately after (t1), 5' (t2), and 30' (t3) after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hydration results in a decreased core temperature; muscular ultrasound showed increased muscle thickness after exercise related to content of body water. Regarding urinalysis, in test H, we found in both groups after exercise a significant decrease of specific urine gravity with significantly lower levels in Group B. We also found a significant increase of pH in the same Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion all the athletes hydrated with Acqua Lete® showed a positive impact on hydration status after anaerobic exercise with significant decrease of specific urine gravity and a positive effect on pH.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, Fisciano, Salerno, 84084, Italy. rastrelli@unisa.it.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Brancaccio
authors: Francesco Mario
authors: FM
authors: Limongelli
authors: Iride
authors: I
authors: Paolillo
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: D'Aponte
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Donnarumma
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Rastrelli