title: Role of neurotransmitter gases in the control of the carotid body in heart failure.
abstract: The peripheral arterial chemoreflex, arising primarily from the carotid body in most species, plays an important role in the control of breathing and in autonomic control of cardiovascular function. The peripheral chemoreflex is enhanced in heart failure patients and animal models of heart failure and contributes to the sympathetic hyperactivity and breathing instability that exacerbates the progression of the disease. Studies in animal models have shown that carotid body chemoreceptor activity is enhanced under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in heart failure due to disruption of local mediators that control carotid body function. This brief review highlights evidence that the alterations in the gasotransmitters, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide in the carotid body contribute to the exaggerated carotid body function observed in heart failure.
authors: Department of Integrative/Cellular Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, United States. hschultz@unmc.edu
authors: Harold D
authors: HD
authors: Schultz
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Del Rio
authors: Yanfeng
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Noah J
authors: NJ
authors: Marcus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000502:physiology*; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005740:Gases; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide