title: The impact of cytokine gene polymorphisms on Epstein-Barr virus infection outcome in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with most cases of the post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders developed during the first year after transplantation. The high EBV DNA load constitutes a major risk for the development of EBV-related lymphoproliferations. However, among transplant recipients there are patients with a chronically high viral load (CHVL) who do not develop lymphoproliferations. The polymorphism within cytokine genes might influence the susceptibility to, and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic polymorphism in the selected cytokines with regard to EBV infection outcome in children after liver transplantation (LTx).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen cytokine/cytokine receptor polymorphisms were genotyped in 170 children after LTx, and related to: EBV DNAemia, CHVL onset and the length of CHVL carriage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed: the protective effect of rare homozygous and heterozygous IL-1β-511 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN VNTR) genotypes against viremia within the first year after LTx (OR=0.28, p=0.0007 and OR=0.35, p=0.009, respectively); the protective effect of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)+1543CT and TT genotypes against CHVL onset (OR=0.38, p=0.042); and the prolonged CHVL-resolution in IL12B 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) AC individuals (p=0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This data suggests that carriage of IL-1β-511CT/TT and/or IL-1RN VNTR 1.2/2.2 genotype may be beneficial for combating EBV infection. This is the first study reporting the association of CCL2 and IL12B gene polymorphisms with the CHVL carriage in pediatric LTx recipients.
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 730 Warsaw, Poland. b.kasztelewicz@czd.pl
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Kasztelewicz
authors: Irena
authors: I
authors: Jankowska
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Pawłowska
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Teisseyre
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Dzierżanowska-Fangrat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014180:Transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines