title: Identification of FRAS1 as a human endometrial carcinoma-derived protein in serum of xenograft model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The value of clinical specimens in identification of tumor biomarker is limited to the great individual variations among patients, the high complexity and dynamic range of protein components, and the possibility that the identified proteins are not produced by cancer cells but are due to secondary body defense mechanisms. Herein we developed a xenograft model system, in which human endometrial carcinoma cells formed a tumor in an immune-deficient nude mouse, to instantly detect proteins derived from cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using one-dimensional electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and Q-TOF-MS/MS and FT-ICR-MS/MS analyses, the human-specific proteins in the serum of xenograft mouse could be identified and monitored without the great variations observed in a patient-based approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We successfully identified 224 proteins, in which 175 (78.1%) were of mouse origin, and 45 (20.1%) were unable to be assigned as human or mouse origin. FRAS1 was identified as a uniquely human-originated protein. Its expression profile was then confirmed by Western blotting in serum samples from xenograft mice, and patients bearing endometrial carcinoma and healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the mechanism of FRAS1 derivation by cancer cells remains to be illustrated, our results suggest that the xenograft model presented here should be a promising tool in the discovery of tumor biomarkers.
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Wenjiao
authors: W
authors: Min
authors: Xinyu
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Chuan
authors: C
authors: Xie
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Tang
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Yi
authors: Zhengyu
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C475145:FRAS1 protein, human