title: Evaluation of enniatins A, A1, B, B1 and beauvericin in Portuguese cereal-based foods.
abstract: Sixty-one samples of Portuguese cereal-based foods were analysed for the occurrence of emerging mycotoxins called enniatins (A, A1, B and B1) and beauvericin. Samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (85/15, v/v) using an Ultra-Turrax homogeniser, and mycotoxins were detected with liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. This method was validated and adequate values of recovery (70-103%) and relative standard deviation (<15%) were obtained. Signal suppression/enhancement was studied and matrix-matched calibration used to minimise this effect, but no additional clean-up step was necessary. The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode and with selected transitions for each compound to quantify and to qualify them. Fifty-nine per cent of samples were contaminated. The percentages of enniatins were 53%, 49%, 44% and 16% for A1, B, B1, and A, respectively, and for beauvericin it was 1.6%. For the total samples, the mean contamination was 30, 24, 15, 2.1 and 0.1 ng g⁻¹ for enniatins A1, B, B1 and A, and beauvericin, respectively. The wheat-based samples showed higher levels and greater prevalence than any other cereals monitored. These results were used to estimate the daily intake of ENs from wheat-based cereal by the Portuguese population. At the same time, the usefulness of this method in the analysis of other important mycotoxins (aflatoxin B₁, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, fumonisin B₁ and zearalenone) was evaluated.
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. jesus.blesa@uv.es
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Blesa
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Marín
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Lino
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mañes
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D011174:Portugal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D009183:Mycotoxins; C100264:enniatins; C004456:beauvericin