title: Vocabulary use across genres: implications for students with complex communication needs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the vocabulary words and multiword sequences used by 124 typically developing kindergarten and 1st-grade students when they wrote about self-selected topics. The study extends previous research by examining the vocabulary used in different genres.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 457 writing samples were analyzed. The samples were classified according to 9 genres and were analyzed using the Child Language Analysis (  MacWhinney, 2006) software program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found that 140 words represented 70% of the vocabulary produced. The most common genre types were narrative recounts and opinions. The patterns of frequency for words and multiword sequences varied across genres. The degree of variation was greater for particular vocabulary words. For instance, the word   going was used predominantly in 1 genre. In contrast, the word   mom was used in every genre except 3. The structure words tended to be used with high frequency across genres.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The word lists generated can be used to inform vocabulary selection, organization, and instruction for students with complex communication needs who are beginning writers.
authors: Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. s.clendon@massey.ac.nz
authors: Sally A
authors: SA
authors: Clendon
authors: Janet M
authors: JM
authors: Sturm
authors: Kathleen S
authors: KS
authors: Cali
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D014825:Vocabulary; D014956:Writing