title: Change-related expectations and commitment to change of nurses: the role of leadership and communication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model linking the impact of expectations on commitment to change and to explore whether change-related communication is a mediating variable between leader-member exchange and expectations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Expectations for change outcomes are an important condition to increase nurses' commitment to change. To understand the role of leadership and communication in expectations development is crucial to promote commitment to change.
  
  
  METHODS
  A predictive, non-experimental design was used in a random sample of 395 nurses. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the hypothesized model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive expectations had a direct effect on affective commitment to change, whereas negative expectation had a direct effect on continuance commitment to change. Leader-member exchange and communication influenced nurse's expectations about change. Communication partially mediated the relationship between Leader-member exchange and expectations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested that nurses' expectation about change were strongly linked to commitment to change. Furthermore, the enhancement of communication and relationship with leader contributed to the development of positive and negative expectations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategies to promote commitment to change include developing positive expectations about change outcomes and building high-quality leadership style oriented to the communication.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. igor.portoghese@gmail.com
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Portoghese
authors: Maura
authors: M
authors: Galletta
authors: Adalgisa
authors: A
authors: Battistelli
authors: Luisa
authors: L
authors: Saiani
authors: Maria Pietronilla
authors: MP
authors: Penna
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Allegrini
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003142:Communication; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D017146:Models, Organizational; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D015399:Nursing Research; D009936:Organizational Innovation