title: Oxygen isotopic composition of fulgurites from the Egyptian Sahara and other locations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fulgurites are glassy crusts or hollow glassy tubes formed by the impact of a lightning strike on a target material on the Earth's surface. The oxygen isotopic composition of fulgurites has never been measured and, consequently, it is unknown whether or not isotopic fractionations take place between the target material and the fulgurite glass during the lightning event which is an excellent natural example of extremely fast melting process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following well-established procedures (high-temperature reaction of the fulgurite material with BrF(5), conversion into CO(2) of the evolved O(2) and measurement of the(18)O/(16)O ratio on a Finnigan Delta S mass spectrometer) we measured for the first time the oxygen isotopic composition of sets of fulgurites coming from various locations on the Earth's surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range of isotopic values is quite large, probably reflecting the oxygen isotopic values of the target materials. In the case of fulgurites from the Sahara Desert the isotopic values obtained from the bulk material, quartz crystals sticking to the fulgurite body, tiny samples of loose sand coming from fulgurite bubbles, and sand samples collected near the fulgurites, are very close to one another.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we do not have indisputable evidence, we conclude that, at least in the case of oxygen, the fusion process of the material struck by lightning, as well as all the extremely fast high-temperature fusion processes, probably take place without any isotopic fractionation effect.
authors: Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 157A, 43124 Parma, Italy. antonio.longinelli@unipr.it
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Longinelli
authors: Romano
authors: R
authors: Serra
authors: Giampaolo
authors: G
authors: Sighinolfi
authors: Enricomaria
authors: E
authors: Selmo
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Sgavetti