title: Acute oral toxicity of 3-MCPD mono- and di-palmitic esters in Swiss mice and their cytotoxicity in NRK-52E rat kidney cells.
abstract: The acute oral toxicity of 1-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate) and 1,2-bis-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (3-MCPD dipalmitate) in Swiss mice were examined, along with their cytotoxicity in NRK-52E rat kidney cells. LD50 (median lethal dose) value of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate was determined 2676.81 mg/kg body weight (BW). The results showed that 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate dose-dependently decreased the mean body weight, and caused significant increase of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine in dead mice compared to the control and survived mice. Major histopathological changes in mice fed 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate were renal tubular necrosis, protein casts and spermatids decrease in the seminiferous tubules. According to the limit test for 3-MCPD dipalmitate, LD50 value of 3-MCPD dipalmitate was presumed to be greater than 5000 mg/kg BW. Obvious changes were not observed on mean body weight, absolute and relative organ weight or serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in mice fed 3-MCPD dipalmitate. However, renal tubular necrosis, protein casts and spermatids decrease were also observed in the dead mice. In addition, MTT and LDH assay results only showed the cytotoxicity of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in NRK-52E rat kidney cells in a dose-dependent manner. Together, the results indicated a greater toxicity of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate compared to 3-MCPD dipalmitate.
authors: Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. many@sjtu.edu.cn
authors: Man
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Bo-Yan
authors: BY
authors: Gao
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Qin
authors: Ping-Ping
authors: PP
authors: Wu
authors: Hai-Ming
authors: HM
authors: Shi
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Luo
authors: Ai-Niu
authors: AN
authors: Ma
authors: Yuan-Rong
authors: YR
authors: Jiang
authors: Xue-Bing
authors: XB
authors: Xu
authors: Liang-Li Lucy
authors: LL
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin
chemical_list: D019308:Palmitic Acid; D014508:Urea; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin; D003404:Creatinine; D005990:Glycerol