title: The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data.
abstract: The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains controversial. Previous research has reported differences and similarities in risk factors for MDD and BD, such as predisposing personality traits. For example, high neuroticism is related to both disorders, whereas openness to experience is specific for BD. This study examined the genetic association between personality and MDD and BD by applying polygenic scores for neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness to both disorders. Polygenic scores reflect the weighted sum of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles associated with the trait for an individual and were based on a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality traits including 13,835 subjects. Polygenic scores were tested for MDD in the combined Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN-MDD) and MDD2000+ samples (N=8921) and for BD in the combined Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium samples (N=6329) using logistic regression analyses. At the phenotypic level, personality dimensions were associated with MDD and BD. Polygenic neuroticism scores were significantly positively associated with MDD, whereas polygenic extraversion scores were significantly positively associated with BD. The explained variance of MDD and BD, ∼0.1%, was highly comparable to the variance explained by the polygenic personality scores in the corresponding personality traits themselves (between 0.1 and 0.4%). This indicates that the proportions of variance explained in mood disorders are at the upper limit of what could have been expected. This study suggests shared genetic risk factors for neuroticism and MDD on the one hand and for extraversion and BD on the other.
authors: Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. cm.middeldorp@psy.vu.nl
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Middeldorp
authors: M H M
authors: MH
authors: de Moor
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: McGrath
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Gordon
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Blackwood
authors: P T
authors: PT
authors: Costa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Terracciano
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Krueger
authors: E J C
authors: EJ
authors: de Geus
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Nyholt
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tanaka
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Esko
authors: P A F
authors: PA
authors: Madden
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Derringer
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Amin
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Willemsen
authors: J-J
authors: JJ
authors: Hottenga
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Distel
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Uda
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sanna
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Spinhoven
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Hartman
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ripke
authors: P F
authors: PF
authors: Sullivan
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Realo
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Allik
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Heath
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Pergadia
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Agrawal
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lin
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Grucza
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Widen
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Cousminer
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Eriksson
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Palotie
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Barnett
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Lee
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Luciano
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tenesa
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Davies
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Lopez
authors: N K
authors: NK
authors: Hansell
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Medland
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ferrucci
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Schlessinger
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: Montgomery
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Wright
authors: Y S
authors: YS
authors: Aulchenko
authors: A C J W
authors: AC
authors: Janssens
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Oostra
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Metspalu
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Abecasis
authors: I J
authors: IJ
authors: Deary
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Räikkönen
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Bierut
authors: N G
authors: NG
authors: Martin
authors: N R
authors: NR
authors: Wray
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: van Duijn
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Smoller
authors: B W J H
authors: BW
authors: Penninx
authors: D I
authors: DI
authors: Boomsma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance / Q000235:genetics*; D010551:Personality / Q000235:genetics; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012042:Registries