title: Association of Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms in Japanese subjects with primary open-angle, normal-tension, and exfoliation glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) in Japanese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genetic association study.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-four unrelated Japanese patients with POAG, 365 unrelated patients with NTG, and 109 unrelated patients with XFG from 5 hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of the peripheral blood, and 8 polymorphisms in the TLR4 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced. Allele and genotype frequencies and the inferred haplotypes were estimated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in allele and genotype frequencies and haplotypes between subjects with POAG, NTG, and XFG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequency of rs2149356 of the TLR4 gene in the POAG, NTG, and XFG groups was the most significantly different from that of the control group (minor allele frequency 0.446, 0.395, 0.404, vs 0.308; P = .000058, P = .0030, and P = .015). The allele frequencies of the 5 TLR4 SNPs were higher in all of the glaucoma groups than that in the control group. The statistics of genotypes of TLR4 were approximately the same for all allele frequencies. The haplotypic frequencies with Tag SNPs studied earlier showed that only POAG was statistically significant. Other haplotypes, such as rs10759930, rs1927914, rs1927911, and rs2149356, had higher statistical significance (overall P = .00078 in POAG, overall P = .018 in NTG, and overall P = .014 in XFG).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with NTG in the Japanese, and they also play a role in the pathogenesis of POAG and XFG.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
authors: Yoshimasa
authors: Y
authors: Takano
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Shi
authors: Ai
authors: A
authors: Shimizu
authors: Tomoyo
authors: T
authors: Funayama
authors: Yukihiko
authors: Y
authors: Mashima
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Yasuda
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Fukuchi
authors: Haruki
authors: H
authors: Abe
authors: Hidenao
authors: H
authors: Ideta
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Zheng
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Shiraishi
authors: Yuichi
authors: Y
authors: Ohashi
authors: Kohji
authors: K
authors: Nishida
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Nakazawa
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Fuse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4