title: Surgical management trends for cholangiocarcinoma in the USA 1998-2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical advancements have improved outcomes for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients, but this expertise is not uniformly available. This research examines CCA surgical treatment patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998-2009 identified CCA patients at high-volume (HV) versus low-volume (LV) hospitals, and teaching versus nonteaching hospitals. We performed multinomial and multivariate logistic regressions to compare differences of surgical treatment between HV vs. LV hospitals, and teaching vs. nonteaching hospitals. Liver resection (LR), pancreaticoduodenectomy, bile duct (BD) resection, and combined liver/BD resection were considered more aggressive therapy than BD stent or bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32,561 patients with CCA were identified. The proportion receiving surgery declined from 36 to 30 %. There was no increase in the proportion of LRs or combined liver/BD resection. Patients at HV or teaching hospitals were more likely to receive surgical treatment [odds ratio (OR), 1.3, p < 0.001; OR, 1.4, p < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite increasing evidence that surgical resection increases survival, the number of patients receiving surgery has decreased. Although combined liver/BD resection has been advocated as standard management for proximal CCA, the practice has not increased. All patients with CCA should be considered for assessment at a HV teaching hospital.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA.
authors: Jamie E
authors: JE
authors: Anderson
authors: Alan W
authors: AW
authors: Hemming
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Chang
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Talamini
authors: Kristin L
authors: KL
authors: Mekeel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States