title: Prevalence and risk factors for HPV in HIV-positive young women receiving their first HPV vaccination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and risk factors for HPV infection among HIV-infected young women receiving their first quadrivalent HPV (HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18) vaccine dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 16- to 23-year-old women from 14 sites for an HPV vaccine trial. At the first visit, they completed a questionnaire and were tested for cervicovaginal HPV DNA (41 types) and HPV serology (4 vaccine types). Factors associated with any HPV, type-specific HPV, and high-risk (cancer-associated) HPV infections were identified using univariate and multivariable logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of participants (N = 99) was 21.4 years, 30.3% were on antiretroviral therapy, 74.7% were positive for ≥1 HPV DNA type, 53.5% for ≥1 high-risk type, 12.1% for HPV-16, and 5.1% for HPV-18. Most were HPV DNA negative and seronegative for HPV-16 (55.6%) and HPV-18 (73.7%); 45.5% were HPV DNA negative and seronegative for both HPV-16 and -18. Three variables were associated with high-risk HPV DNA in multivariable analysis: non-Hispanic black versus Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 7.06, 95% CI: 1.63 to 30.5), HIV viral load ≥ 400 versus <400 copies/mL (AOR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.28 to 9.43), and frequency of vaginal sex in the past 90 days (AOR: 5.82, 95% CI: 1.30 to 26.11 for ≥6 vs 0 times).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of ≥1 HPV type was high in these young women, demonstrating the importance of vaccinating before sexual initiation. However, most women were HPV DNA negative and seronegative for high-risk vaccine-type HPV infection, supporting vaccination of sexually experienced HIV-positive young women.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. jessica.kahn@cchmc.org
authors: Jessica A
authors: JA
authors: Kahn
authors: Robert D
authors: RD
authors: Burk
authors: Kathleen E
authors: KE
authors: Squires
authors: Bill G
authors: BG
authors: Kapogiannis
authors: Bret
authors: B
authors: Rudy
authors: Jiahong
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: René
authors: R
authors: Gonin
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Liu
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Worrell
authors: Craig M
authors: CM
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines