title: Prooxidant-antioxidant balance and malondialdehyde over time in adult rats after tubal sterilization and vasectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sterilization (tubal sterilization and vasectomy) is a widely applied contraceptive method worldwide. Although most studies have described sterilization as a safe method, there are reports of tubal ligation (TL) and vasectomy complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TL and vasectomy on the serum oxidative stress, specifically prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female rats were classified into vasectomy, sham-vasectomy, TL, and sham-TL groups, respectively. The PAB and MDA levels were measured on days 15 and 45 and months 3 and 6 after the intervention. For female rats, blood sampling was performed during the diestrous phase and estradiol and progesterone were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum PAB and MDA increased after TL (p<0.05). Vasectomy increased serum MDA remarkably after 45 days, 3 months, and 6 months (p<0.05). After vasectomy, serum PAB also increased although not significantly. Serum estradiol and progesterone decreased remarkably in the TL group compared to the sham group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral TL and vasectomy both increase the serum oxidative stress; however the imbalance after TL was very noticeable. As for the TL, the reduction of serum estrogen levels can be involved in this imbalance. Complications followed by TL or vasectomy could be due to increased levels of oxidants. Thus, prescribing antioxidants during and or after surgery may be a solution.
authors: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Azita
authors: A
authors: Faramarzi
authors: Behjat
authors: B
authors: Seifi
authors: Hamid Reza
authors: HR
authors: Sadeghipour
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Shabanzadeh
authors: Mitra
authors: M
authors: Ebrahimpoor