title: Development of a quantitative multivariable radiographic method to evaluate anatomic changes associated with laminitis in the forefeet of donkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish and validate an objective method of radiographic diagnosis of anatomic changes in laminitic forefeet of donkeys on the basis of data from a comprehensive series of radiographic measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  85 donkeys with and 85 without forelimb laminitis for baseline data determination; a cohort of 44 donkeys with and 18 without forelimb laminitis was used for validation analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each donkey, lateromedial radiographic views of 1 weight-bearing forelimb were obtained; images from 11 laminitic and 2 nonlaminitic donkeys were excluded (motion artifact) from baseline data determination. Data from an a priori selection of 19 measurements of anatomic features of laminitic and nonlaminitic donkey feet were analyzed by use of a novel application of multivariate statistical techniques. The resultant diagnostic models were validated in a blinded manner with data from the separate cohort of laminitic and nonlaminitic donkeys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were modeled, and robust statistical rules were established for the diagnosis of anatomic changes within laminitic donkey forefeet. Component 1 scores ≤ -3.5 were indicative of extreme anatomic change, and scores from -2.0 to 0.0 denoted modest change. Nonlaminitic donkeys with a score from 0.5 to 1.0 should be considered as at risk for laminitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that the radiographic procedures evaluated can be used for the identification, assessment, and monitoring of anatomic changes associated with laminitis. Screening assessments by use of this method may enable early detection of mild anatomic change and identification of at-risk donkeys.
authors: Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, England. s.collins4@uq.edu.au
authors: Simon N
authors: SN
authors: Collins
authors: Sue J
authors: SJ
authors: Dyson
authors: Rachel C
authors: RC
authors: Murray
authors: J Richard
authors: JR
authors: Newton
authors: Faith
authors: F
authors: Burden
authors: Andrew F
authors: AF
authors: Trawford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018397:Equidae; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary