title: Study of the reaction of grafting acrylamide onto xanthan gum.
abstract: The present study aimed to study the reaction conditions of grafting of acrylamide on xanthan gum. It was analyzed the influence of reaction conditions, mainly type of initiator activation, initiator concentration and initiator/acrylamide ratio, on graft parameters and copolymer properties. Potassium persulfate was employed as an initiator and heating or N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine was used to activate the initiator. Reaction time and initiator concentration were varied and final values for grafting percentage and grafting efficiency were the same for both methods, whereas speed in reaching these values differs from one technique to another. We found that reaction time was inversely proportional to intrinsic viscosity, likely due to main chain degradation promoted by potassium persulfate (KPS); furthermore, the increasing in the KPS concentration lowers grafting percentage, acrylamide conversion and chain degradation, possibly as a result of O(2) formation at high KPS concentrations.
authors: Laboratory of Petroleum Research, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, PO Box 1662, 59078-970, Natal - RN, Brazil. anamaria smaia@hotmail.com
authors: Ana M S
authors: AM
authors: Maia
authors: Hugo V M
authors: HV
authors: Silva
authors: Priscila S
authors: PS
authors: Curti
authors: Rosangela C
authors: RC
authors: Balaban
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000327:Adsorption; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002384:Catalysis; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D012212:Rheology; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005029:Ethylenediamines; D011108:Polymers; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; C005798:N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; D020106:Acrylamide; C009007:potassium persulfate; C002563:xanthan gum