title: MenACWY-TT vaccine for active immunization against invasive meningococcal disease.
abstract: Meningococcal disease remains a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines. The implementation of monovalent meningococcal serogroup C vaccine in developed countries has significantly decreased the incidence of meningococcal disease, while the recent introduction of monovalent serogroup A conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt aims to reduce the incidence of high endemic disease in this area. Three quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines have already been licensed; a polysaccharide (MenACWY-PS) and two conjugated (MenACWY-DT and MenACWY-CRM) vaccines. An investigational MenACWY-TT vaccine is described in this article. Clinical trials in infants older than 9 months of age, toddlers, children, adolescents and adults have indicated that this vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic. The inclusion of a spacer molecule coupled with the polysaccharide (for serogroups A and C) and tetanus toxoid as the carrier protein aims to elicit robust immune responses. The tolerability of this vaccine is comparable to that of polysaccharide quadrivalent vaccines and monovalent meningococcal serogroup C vaccines. More importantly, the immunogenicity, antibody persistence and induction of immune memory aim to provide protection to a wide range of susceptible subjects.
authors: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens University, Goudi 11527, Athens, Greece. vpapaev@med.uoa.gr
authors: Vassiliki
authors: V
authors: Papaevangelou
authors: Nikos
authors: N
authors: Spyridis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000276:immunology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; C525703:MenACWY; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate