title: Chronic headaches and insomnia: working toward a biobehavioral model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disturbances are consistently associated with chronic headaches, yet the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. One potential barrier to generating new hypotheses is the lack of synthesis between models of headache and models of sleep. The goal of this paper is to present a perspective on the chronification of migraine and tension-type headaches based upon conceptual models used in sleep research.
  
  
  METHODS
  We provide a critical review of the literature on sleep and headache, highlighting the limitations in sleep methodology. Models of sleep physiology and insomnia are discussed, along with the potential implications for the chronification of migraine and tension-type headache. In addition, we propose a biobehavioral model that describes the interaction between behaviors related to coping with headache, the impact of these behaviors on insomnia and sleep physiology and the downstream propensity for future headache attacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hope that this perspective will stimulate interdisciplinary activity toward uncovering the pathway for more effective interventions for chronic headache patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA. Jason_Ong@rush.edu
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena; D015897:Comorbidity; D020773:Headache Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D017286:Polysomnography; D057566:Self Report; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002110:Caffeine; D008550:Melatonin