title: The effect of titanium amendment in N-withholding nutrient solution on physiological and photosynthesis attributes and micronutrient uptake of tomato.
abstract: Titanium (Ti) is a beneficial element that promotes growth and biomass production although the mechanism by which this improvement takes place is still unclear, as are other effects on plants, although it is believed that Ti can compensate for N deficiency. To prove this hypothesis, a hydroponic experiment was designed to investigate the effect of adding Ti to a nutrient solution on the nutrient uptake of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) by withholding N within the nutrient solution (NS) by 25 % (NS2) and by 50 % (NS1). Ti was added at 1 and 2 mg L⁻¹. When Ti was added to nutrient solution, the elemental concentration in tomato changed significantly: K, Ca, Fe, and Zn decreased while Ti increased. As the concentration of N in nutrient solution decreased, the Ca and Ti concentration of tomato leaves decreased and the K, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentration increased. As the N concentration in nutrient solution increased, the Ca concentration decreased although the application of Ti compensated for Ca concentration in NS1. All the photosynthetic attributes and physiological characteristics, including flower induction, decreased when the N concentration of NS decreased by 50 %, although this decrease could be compensated by applying 1 mg L⁻¹ Ti. This has valuable and practical applications and implications for tomato hydroponic culture.
authors.affiliation: Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. mhaghighi@cc.iut.ac.ir
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haghighi
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heidarian
authors.forename: Jaime A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Teixeira da Silva
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059165:Hormesis; D018527:Hydroponics; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000187:drug effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D006133:Growth Substances; D014131:Trace Elements; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium