title: The effect of soy protein beverages on serum cell adhesion molecule concentrations in prehypertensive/stage 1 hypertensive individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), in part because hypertension contributes to endothelial dysfunction and increased cell adhesion molecule expression. Soy protein and isoflavones may favorably alter CVD risk factors, and hence the aim of this study was to determine whether intake of cow's milk compared with soy beverage prepared from whole soy bean (WSB) or soy protein isolate (SPI) would lower soluble cell adhesion molecule concentrations as a means of decreasing CVD risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled healthy prehypertensive/stage 1 hypertensive men (n = 60; 18-63 years) and premenopausal women (n = 8; 20-48 years). Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 8 weeks: cow's milk (600 mL/d), SPI beverage (840 mL/d; 30.1 mg total isoflavones/d), or WSB beverage (840 mL/d; 91.4 mg total isoflavones/d). We measured soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) concentrations at baseline and week 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soluble CAM concentrations were not altered by treatment and did not differ between prehypertensive and hypertensive participants. However, analysis of variance indicated a treatment × gender interaction (gender effect) for ICAM-1 (p = 0.0037) but not for E-selectin (p = 0.067) or VCAM-1 (p = 0.16). Men had higher concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin, respectively, at baseline (p = 0.0071, p = 0.049) and week 8 (p = 0.0054, p = 0.038) than women did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither intake of cow's milk nor soy beverage for 8 weeks altered soluble CAM concentrations in prehypertensive/stage 1 hypertensive individuals, suggesting that neither type of beverage diminished atherosclerotic CVD risk in mildly hypertensive individuals by way of improving circulating CAM concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Nutrition & Wellness Research Center, Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dettmer
authors.forename: D Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Alekel
authors.forename: Joanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lasrado
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carriquiry
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heiberger
authors.forename: Jeanne W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Franke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D007529:Isoflavones; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium