title: Promoter methylation status of HIN-1 associated with outcomes of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study is to analyze promoter methylation of various tumor suppressor genes in different types of ovarian carcinoma and to identify potential therapeutic targets of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The promoter methylation statuses of 40 genes in primary ovarian carcinomas including 47 clear- and 63 non-clear-cell type tissues, 6 OCCA cell lines, 29 benign ovarian endometriotic cysts, and 31 normal controls were analyzed by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). The MS-MLPA results were correlated with clinicopathological features and outcomes of 47 OCCA patients. Functions of the target genes were further explored by Western Blot Analysis, apoptosis assay, and caspase-3/7 activity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies of methylated RASSF1A, CDH13, CACNA1A, HIN-1, and sFRP5 genes in OCCA tissues were significantly higher than those in non-OCCA cancerous tissues and benign endometriotic cysts. The expected OS for patients with methylated promoters of HIN-1 was significantly worse than those for patients without methylated HIN-1 (30% vs. 62%, p = 0.002). The HIN-1 gene was over-expressed in ES2 cells, a significant reduction in cell growth and induction of apoptosis, and increasing paclitaxel sensitivity by reducing phosphorylation of Akt were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methylation of HIN-1 promoter is a novel epigenetic biomarker associated with poor outcomes in OCCA patients. Ectopic expression of the HIN-1 gene increased paclitaxel sensitivity which is partly through Akt pathway.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chi-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chia-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yih-Yiing
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shwu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wen-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016207:Cytokines; C434732:SCGB3A1 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D017239:Paclitaxel