title: The impact of organizational factors on the urinary incontinence care quality in long-term care hospitals: a longitudinal correlational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the rapid increase in the number of long-term care hospitals in Korea, care quality has become an important issue. Urinary incontinence is an important condition affecting many residents' quality of life. Thus, it is important that urinary incontinence be amenable to improving conditions with appropriate interventions, since a change in urinary incontinence status can reflect care quality in long-term care facilities if patient level factors are adjusted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to examine the impact of organizational factors on urinary incontinence care quality defined as the improvement of urinary incontinence status or maintenance of continent status post-admission to Korean long-term care hospitals. DESIGN AND DATA: This is a longitudinal correlation study. Data came from two sources: monthly patient assessment reports using the Patient Assessment Instrument and the hospital information system from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services. The final analysis includes 5271 elderly adults without indwelling urinary catheter or urostomy who were admitted to 534 Korean long-term care hospitals in April 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-level logistic analysis was used to explore the organizational factors that influence urinary incontinence care quality controlling for patient level factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With respect to the organizational factors, the findings showed that location and RN/total nursing staff ratio variables were statistically significant, controlling for risk factors at the patient level. The odds of urinary incontinence improvement from admission in urban long-term care hospitals were 1.28 times higher than rural long-term care hospitals. In addition, when a long-term care hospital increased one standard deviation (0.19) in the RN ratio, the odds of urinary incontinence status improvement or maintenance of continence status from admission increased about 1.8 times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most significant finding was that a higher RN to patient ratio and urban location were associated with better resident outcomes of urinary incontinence among organizational factors. For a better understanding of how these significant organizational factors influence positive care outcomes and provide more practical implications, studies should examine concrete care process measures as well as structure and outcome measures based on systematic conceptual models.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Ji Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006782:Hospitals, Special / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*