title: Resilience, lifestyle and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescence: the Young-HUNT study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescence, their associations with lifestyle and resilience and the possibility that resilience factors can attenuate the associations between unhealthy lifestyle and symptoms of anxiety and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (n = 7,639) aged 13-18 years completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle and health. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured by the SCL-5, a five-item shortened version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Resilience factors included questions on friends and family relations and two sub-scales of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents; Family cohesion and Social competence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total population, 13% reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Resilience characteristics were associated with lower symptom levels (ORs ranging from 0.2 to 0.6), and substance use and infrequent physical activity with higher symptom levels (ORs ranging from 2.1 to 4.0). The associations with substance use were strengthened by social competence, but attenuated by family cohesion. The association with physical activity was attenuated by both social competence and family cohesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of anxiety and depression were frequent in adolescents and were associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors as substance use and low physical activity. Resilience characteristics seemed to protect against symptoms and markedly influenced the associations between lifestyle factors and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The importance of family and other supportive relationships should be emphasized in treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression in adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, RBUP, NTNU, 7489, Trondheim, Norway. marit.s.skrove@ntnu.no
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrove
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romundstad
authors.forename: Marit S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Indredavik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012919:Social Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires