title: Clinical profile and etiologies of children with central diabetes insipidus: a single-center experience from Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, anthropometric, hormonal, and radiological characteristics of children with central diabetes insipidus (DI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case records of 34 children (22 boys and 12 girls) with documented central DI referred to the Pediatric Endocrinology and Adolescent Clinic of Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.4 +/- 5.6 years (range, 0.08-16 years). All patients underwent anterior pituitary function assessment and magnetic resonance imaging of pituitary at diagnosis. The median duration of follow-up was 7.9 +/- 4.5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The etiology of central DI was organic in 22 (64.7%) patients, trauma in 2 (5.9%) patients, and idiopathic in 10 (29.4%) patients. Organic causes consisted of craniopharyngioma in 7 patients, Langerhans cell histiocytosis in 4 patients, germinoma in 4 patients, holoprosencephaly in 3 patients, astrocytoma in 1 patient, cavernous hemangioma in 1 patient, Rathke's cleft cyst in 1 patient, and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy in 1 patient. Anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies were documented in 18 (53%) patients. Organic central DI group had a greater prevalence of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency when compared with the idiopathic group (66% and 10%, respectively; p = 0.007). The final height of patients with organic etiology were significantly lower than the idiopathic group (155 and 178, cm respectively; p = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etiological diagnosis is possible in a significant proportion (70.6%) of children with central DI. Findings of this study suggest that accompanying anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies and short stature may be considered as indicators of organic etiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. gonulcatli@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gonul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catli
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abaci
authors.forename: Korcan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.forename: Ayca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altincik
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buyukgebiz
authors.forename: Ece
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bober
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020790:Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006646:Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey