title: Prompt increases in retinol-binding protein 4 and endothelial progenitor cells during acute exercise load in diabetic subjects.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether acute exercise load alters serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and numbers of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in diabetic subjects.  Sixty-two subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the present study.  They were 50 males and 12 females with the ages of 65.1±8.1 (mean ± SD) years.  Cardio-pulmonary exercise stress test (CPX) was carried out, and the numbers of EPC and serum RBP4 levels before and after the CPX were measured.  RBP4 is a cytokine synthesized in hepatocytes, white adipose tissues and skeletal muscles, and serum RBP4 was determined by ELISA.  EPC was determined as CD34(+)/133(+) cells by FACS.  The subjects were subgrouped into two groups with or without nephropathy.  Serum RBP4 levels promptly increased from 48.2±4.3 (mean±SEM) to 54.3±4.2 μg/mL after the CPX (mean exercise time of 8 min) in the diabetic subjects without nephropathy (p=0.0006), but did not in those with nephropathy.  There was a positive correlation between changes in serum RBP4 during the exercise and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=0.30, p=0.018).  Also, an acute exercise load promptly increased the number of EPCs in the diabetic subjects with and without nephropathy.  These findings suggest that a prompt increase in exercise-induced RBP4 is retarded by progression of nephropathy, and that an exercise-induced mobilization of EPCs could maintain endothelial cells in diabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Sachimi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jinbo
authors.forename: Nahoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: San-E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D016526:Workload
chemical_list: C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma