title: Safety and tolerability of  pazopanib  in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still a challenging disease. Over the last 6 years, the use of novel targeted therapies interfering with vascularization and inhibition of other downstream pathways has revolutionized the therapy of this disease, leading to an improvement of patient outcomes. In particular, dysregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and VEGF protein overexpression have proved important, as they result in increased tumor angiogenesis and RCC growth and development.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review briefly discusses the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of pazopanib . It mainly outlines the safety and tolerability of pazopanib for locally advanced/metastatic RCC. Phase III pazopanib safety data are also indirectly compared with other standard, antiangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently used in the management of RCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pazopanib is a new drug available in the oncology portfolio to treat patients with predominantly clear-cell RCC. The toxicity profile of pazopanib is comparable, but in some ways distinct, from other antiangiogenic drugs used in the treatment of RCC. Long-term data about late side effects of this treatment are awaited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zivi
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cerbone
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Recine
authors.forename: Cora N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sternberg
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D060735:Pharmacovigilance; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007191:Indazoles; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C516667:pazopanib