title: Extraction of betulin, trimyristin, eugenol and carnosic acid using water-organic solvent mixtures.
abstract: A solvent system consisting of ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol and water, in the volume ratio of 4.5:4.5:1, was developed and used to extract, at room temperature, betulin from white birch bark and antioxidants from spices (rosemary, thyme, sage, and oregano) and white oak chips. In addition, under reflux conditions, trimyristin was extracted from nutmeg using the same solvent system, and eugenol from olives was extracted using a mixture of salt water and ethyl acetate. The protocol demonstrates the use of water in organic solvents to extract natural products from plants. Measurement of the free-radical scavenging activity using by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) indicated that the extraction of plant material using ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol and water (4.5:4.5:1, v/v/v) was exhaustive when carried out at room temperature for 96 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University-York, 1031 Edgecomb Avenue, York, PA 17403, USA. ful4@psu.edu
authors.forename: Fulgentius N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Lugemwa
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D029662:Betula / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005054:Eugenol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D026323:Myristica / Q000737:chemistry; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D029963:Quercus / Q000737:chemistry; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D000094062:Betulinic Acid
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000085:Acetates; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D000431:Ethanol; D005054:Eugenol; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014280:Triglycerides; D014315:Triterpenes; D014867:Water; C036694:trimyristin; C002503:betulin; D000094062:Betulinic Acid; C007650:ethyl acetate; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C018381:salvin