title: A defined intestinal colonization microbiota for gnotobiotic pigs.
abstract: Maximising the ability of piglets to survive exposure to pathogens is essential to reduce early piglet mortality, an important factor in efficient commercial pig production. Mortality rates can be influenced by many factors, including early colonization by microbial commensals. Here we describe the development of an intestinal microbiota, the Bristol microbiota, for use in gnotobiotic pigs and its influence on synthesis of systemic immunoglobulins. Such a microbiota will be of value in studies of the consequences of early microbial colonization on development of the intestinal immune system and subsequent susceptibility to disease. Gnotobiotic pig studies lack a well-established intestinal microbiota. The use of the Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF), a murine intestinal microbiota, to colonize the intestines of Caesarean-derived, gnotobiotic pigs prior to gut closure, resulted in unreliable colonization with most (but not all) strains of the ASF. Subsequently, a novel, simpler porcine microbiota was developed. The novel microbiota reliably colonized the length of the intestinal tract when administered to gnotobiotic piglets. No health problems were observed, and the novel microbiota induced a systemic increase in serum immunoglobulins, in particular IgA and IgM. The Bristol microbiota will be of value for highly controlled, reproducible experiments of the consequences of early microbial colonization on susceptibility to disease in neonatal piglets, and as a biomedical model for the impact of microbial colonization on development of the intestinal mucosa and immune system in neonates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Pathology, Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom. g.laycock@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laycock
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sait
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inman
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Hauke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smidt
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Diemen
authors.forename: Frieda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005856:Germ-Free Life / Q000276:immunology*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D054892:Metagenome / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S