title: External craniofacial osteodistraction in complex craniosynostoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of distraction osteogenesis is the first option in the treatment of craniofacial hypoplasia. Both internal craniofacial distractor devices (ICDD) and external craniofacial distractor devices (ECDD) can improve visual and respiratory functions in patients with craniofacial synostosis significantly. They also improve the cosmetic outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We reviewed the pertinent literature concerning the use of ECDD in complex craniostenosis. Surgical data as well as quality of life notes were analyzed and compared with those reported for ICDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantage of ECDD compared with ICDD is the easier application and postoperative management as compared with ICDD, with comparable results for extent and quality of distraction osteogenesis. The disadvantage is the quality of life which most authors report is worse if compared to ICDD during the distraction osteogenesis period.
authors.affiliation: Maxillo Facial Surgery, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University Medical School, Via Giuseppe Moscati 31, 00168, Rome, Italy. giulio.gasparini@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: Concezio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Rocco
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamburrini
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelo
mesh_terms: D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000601:surgery*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D053831:Surgical Fixation Devices; D016896:Treatment Outcome