title: Effect of telmisartan on the expression of adiponectin receptors and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the heart and aorta in type 2 diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic cardiovascular disease is associated with decreased adiponectin and increased oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of telmisartan on the expression of adiponectin receptor 2 (adipoR2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits in the heart and the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (adipoR1) in aorta in type 2 diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet and intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Heart function, adipoR2, p22phox, NOX4, glucose transporter 4(GLUT4), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)in the heart, and adipoR1, MCP-1 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in aorta were analyzed in controls and diabetic rats treated with or without telmisartan (5mg/kg/d) by gavage for 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart function, plasma and myocardial adiponectin levels, the expression of myocardial adipoR2 and GLUT4 were significantly decreased in diabetic rats (P <0.05). The expression of myocardial p22phox, NOX4, MCP-1, and CTGF was significantly increased in diabetic rats (P <0.05). The expression of adipoR1 was decreased and the expression of MCP-1 and NF-κB was increased in the abdominal aorta in diabetic rats (P <0.05). Telmisartan treatment significantly attenuated these changes in diabetic rats (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that telmisartan upregulates the expression of myocardial adiponectin, its receptor 2 and GLUT4. Simultaneously, it downregulates the expression of myocardial p22phox, NOX4, MCP-1, and CTGF, contributing so to the improvement of heart function in diabetic rats. Telmisartan also induces a protective role on the vascular system by upregulating the expression of adipoR1 and downregulating the expression of MCP-1 and NF-κB in the abdominal aorta in diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China. zhxguo1966@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077333:Telmisartan
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499920:Adipoq protein, rat; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; C526318:CCN2 protein, mouse; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; C504339:adiponectin receptor 1, rat; C506573:adiponectin receptor 2, rat; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C498911:Nox4 protein, rat; C515768:Cyba protein, rat; D000077333:Telmisartan