title: Influence of lingual bracket position on microbial and periodontal parameters in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lingual orthodontics is becoming more popular in dental practice. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare plaque formation on teeth bonded with the same bracket onto buccal or lingual surface, with non-bonded control teeth, via an in vivo growth experiment over a 30-day period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial with split-mouth design was set up enrolling 20 dental students. Within each subject sites with buccal and lingual brackets and control sites were followed. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depth: PPD; bleeding on probing: BOP) were recorded at baseline and on days 1, 7 and 30. Microbiological samples were taken from the brackets and the teeth on days 1, 7 and 30 to detect colony-forming units (CFU). Total CFU, streptococci CFU and anaerobe CFU were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between buccal and lingual brackets in terms of clinical periodontal parameters and microbiological values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bracket position does not have significant impact on bacterial load and on periodontal parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Francesca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sfondrini
authors.forename: Maurizia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debiaggi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zara
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brerra
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comelli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Sara Ramella
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pollone
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scribante
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000382:microbiology*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000254:growth & development; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult