title: Effect of lactation on functional and morphological echocardiographic variables in adult dairy cows.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of pregnancy and lactation on echocardiographic parameters in Holstein dairy cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine multiparous high milk producing (HMP) dairy cows (producing more than 40 kg of milk per day in peak production) and 9 low milk producing (LMP) cows (producing less than 30 kg or milk per day in peak production).
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiography was performed twice; one month before calving and two months after calving.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heart rate of HMP cows in the early lactation period was significantly higher than in the dry period. In LMP cows, there was a significant increase in left ventricular dimension in the early lactation period as compared to the dry period, and the interventricular septum in systole (IVSs) in the dry period was significantly thicker than early lactation period. In HMP cows, there was an increase in the right ventricular diameter in systole in the early lactation period as compared to the dry period. Left ventricular and aortic dimensions in the dry period of HMP were significantly higher than those of LMP cows. When the data were corrected for body weight, comparison of values of the dry period of HMP and LMP cows showed that left ventricular volume in systole in HMP was significantly higher and that IVSs, left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction were significantly lower than in LMP cows.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that lactation influences the intracardiac dimensions. The amount of milk production can influence echocardiographic parameters in dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarifi
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buczinski
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezakhani
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mokhber Dezfouli
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khonsha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy