title: Use of a Balanced Scorecard in strengthening health systems in developing countries: an analysis based on nationally representative Bangladesh Health Facility Survey.
abstract: This paper illustrates the importance of collecting facility-based data through regular surveys to supplement the administrative data, especially for developing countries of the world. In Bangladesh, measures based on facility survey indicate that only 70% of very basic medical instruments and 35% of essential drugs were available in health facilities. Less than 2% of officially designated obstetric care facilities actually had required drugs, injections and personnel on-site. Majority of (80%) referral hospitals at the district level were not ready to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric care. Even though the Management Information System reports availability of diagnostic machines in all district-level and sub-district-level facilities, it fails to indicate that 50% of these machines are not functional. In terms of human resources, both physicians and nurses are in short supply at all levels of the healthcare system. The physician-nurse ratio also remains lower than the desirable level of 3.0. Overall job satisfaction index was less than 50 for physicians and 66 for nurses. Patient satisfaction score, however, was high (86) despite the fact that process indicators of service quality were poor. Facility surveys can help strengthen not only the management decision-making process but also the quality of administrative data.
authors.affiliation: Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. mkhan@mailbox.sc.edu
authors.forename: M Mahmud
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dmytraczenko
authors.forename: Karar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zunaid Ahsan
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh; D019985:Benchmarking / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care