title: Sentinel node biopsy in male breast carcinoma: is the "female" approach justified?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) represents the gold standard in the treatment of male breast carcinoma. Recently, data have emerged supporting that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) may be feasible in selected patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and prognostic reliability of SNB in male patients with breast carcinoma and clinically negative axilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 10-year period (2000-2010), 11 men with mean age 66.1 years (range 34-84) diagnosed with breast carcinoma were retrospectively included to our study. All patients underwent SNB. Regardless of the SNB results, completion axillary clearance was conducted in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNB detection rate was 100%, while the mean number of sentinel nodes removed was 1.5 +/- 0.7 (range 1-2). Frozen section analysis revealed a negative sentinel node in four out of 11 patients (36.4%). Independently of these results, all patients underwent completion ALND. The overall false-negative rate, defined as the percentage of all node-positive tumors in which the SNB was negative, was 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study indicates that SNB may be feasible in selected male individuals with breast carcinoma. The technique may reduce the morbidity related to dissection of the axilla; prospective multicenter trials are needed in order to define the exact criteria for wider application of this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koukouras
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spyropoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zygomalas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tzoracoleftherakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy