title: The effects of physical refining on the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters in relation to palm oil minor components.
abstract: The formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters in refined palm oil during deodorisation is attributed to the intrinsic composition of crude palm oil. Utilising D-optimal design, the effects of the degumming and bleaching processes on the reduction in 3-MCPD ester formation in refined palm oil from poor-quality crude palm oil were studied relative to the palm oil minor components that are likely to be their precursors. Water degumming remarkably reduced 3-MCPD ester formation by up to 84%, from 9.79 mg/kg to 1.55 mg/kg. Bleaching with synthetic magnesium silicate caused a further 10% reduction, to 0.487 mg/kg. The reduction in 3-MCPD ester formation could be due to the removal of related precursors prior to the deodorisation step. The phosphorus content of bleached palm oil showed a significant correlation with 3-MCPD ester formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Musfirah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zulkurnain
authors.forename: Oi Ming
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Razam Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Latip
authors.forename: Imededdine Arbi
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Nehdi
authors.forename: Tau Chuan
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Chin Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin; D005990:Glycerol