title: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium-based contrast media: updated ESUR Contrast Medium Safety Committee guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update the guidelines of the Contrast Media Safety Committee (CMSC) of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) on nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium-based contrast media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Topics reviewed include the history, clinical features and prevalence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and the current understanding of its pathophysiology. The risk factors for NSF are discussed and prophylactic measures are recommended. The stability of the different gadolinium-based contrast media and the potential long-term effects of gadolinium in the body have also been reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology 54E2, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark. Henrik.Thomsen@regionh.dk
authors.forename: Henrik S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Sameh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Morcos
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Almén
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bellin
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bongartz
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leander
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heinz-Peer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stacul
authors.forename: Aart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Molen
authors.forename: Judith A W
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D054989:Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D061214:Patient Safety; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011871:Radiology / Q000592:standards; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012955:Societies, Medical
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium