title: Assessing therapeutic effectiveness of scalp treatments for dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, part 2: the impact of gender and ethnicity on efficacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) are common and troublesome scalp conditions that affect individuals independent of gender or ethnicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether population gender or ethnic origins impact the magnitude of anti-dandruff therapeutic benefit obtained from use of a potentiated zinc pyrithione shampoo treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective evaluation of anti-dandruff clinical data covering a single-product technology was conducted to assess whether statistically meaningful differences were observed for gender or ethnic sub-populations. An analysis of covariance was performed on the pooled subject-level data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meta-analysis of clinical data involving 1114 subjects from seven trials demonstrated the lack of statistically significant impact of gender on flaking or selected biomarker measures. Similarly, a smaller population chosen to assess ethnicity demonstrated the lack of differences between Asian and Caucasian clinical sub-population responses (flaking severity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through the use of both expert symptom grading and objective biomarker assessments, therapeutic efficacy of a potentiated zinc pyrithione shampoo was found to be independent of gender and ethnicity, being consistent with the lack of functional differences in skin from these populations.
authors.affiliation: The Procter and Gamble Company , Cincinnati, OH , USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bacon
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D063807:Dandruff / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology; D012628:Dermatitis, Seborrheic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D006203:Hair Preparations; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; C010423:pyrithione zinc