title: Chlamydiaceae family, Parachlamydia spp., and Waddlia spp. in porcine abortion.
abstract: At present, despite extensive laboratory investigations, most cases of porcine abortion remain without an etiological diagnosis. Due to a lack of recent data on the abortigenic effect of order Chlamydiales, 286 fetuses and their placentae of 113 abortion cases (1-5 fetuses per abortion case) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for family Chlamydiaceae and selected Chlamydia-like organisms such as Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Waddlia chondrophila. In 0.35% of the cases (1/286 fetuses), the Chlamydiaceae real-time PCR was positive. In the Chlamydiaceae-positive fetus, Chlamydia abortus was detected by a commercial microarray and 16S ribosomal RNA PCR followed by sequencing. The positive fetus had a Porcine circovirus-2 coinfection. By the Parachlamydia real-time PCR, 3.5% (10/286 fetuses of 9 abortion cases) were questionable positive (threshold cycle values: 35.0-45.0). In 2 of these 10 cases, a confirmation by Chlamydiales-specific real-time PCR was possible. All samples tested negative by the Waddlia real-time PCR. It seems unlikely that Chlamydiaceae, Parachlamydia, and Waddlia play an important role as abortigenic agents in Swiss sows.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koschwanez
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vögtlin
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greub
authors.forename: Xaver
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sidler
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Handke
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sydler
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pospischil
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borel
mesh_terms: D037881:Aborted Fetus / Q000382:microbiology; D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D002695:Chlamydiales / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial