title: Genetic association of GABA-A receptor alpha-2 and mu opioid receptor with cocaine cue-reactivity: evidence for inhibitory synaptic neurotransmission involvement in cocaine dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This pilot feasibility study examined the role of genetics in laboratory-induced cocaine craving.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four African American, cocaine-depend- ent male subjects underwent a baseline assessment, cue-exposure session, and genetic analysis. Subjects were classified as either cue-reactive or nonreactive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among single nucleotide polymorphism markers in 13 candidate genes examined for association with cocaine cue-reactivity, two were statistically significant: GABRA2 (coding for GABA-A receptor alpha-2 subunit; rs11503014, nominal p= .001) and OPRM1 (coding for mu opioid receptor; rs2236256, nominal p= .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These pilot results suggest that cocaine craving shows variability among cocaine-dependent subjects, and that GABRA2 and OPRM1 polymorphisms have differential influences on cocaine cue-reactivity, warranting studies in future research.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Quality, Outcomes & Economic Research, Edith Norse Rogers VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA. david.smelson@va.gov
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smelson
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buyske
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tischfield
authors.forename: Curtis K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziedonis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003463:Cues; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu