title: Reconstruction of massive localised lymphoedema of the scrotum with a novel fasciocutaneous flap: A rare case presentation and a review of the literature.
abstract: Massive localised lymphoedema (MLL) is a benign lymphoproliferative soft-tissue overgrowth in the morbidly obese patient. The diagnosis may be challenging, and is a form of secondary lymphoedema, often described as idiopathic scrotal elephantiasis. The lesion presents as a large mass in the morbidly obese, and patients seek treatment late in the disease course due to limitation of daily living or excoriation and wound breakdown. Resection, followed by reconstruction, is indicated in these cases. We present a unique case of a morbidly obese 52-year-old male with massive enlargement of the scrotum present for several years duration, despite massive weight loss (88.85 kg) from gastric bypass surgery and no other identifiable cause of lymphoedema. Scrotal lymphoedematous tissue was resected and scrotal reconstruction with a novel posterior fasciocutaneous flap from the scrotum was performed in addition to penile reconstruction with a skin graft and local fasciocutaneous flaps as well as a panniculectomy. Histologically, the tissue was characterised by marked oedema with dermal fibrosis and patchy mild perivascular chronic inflammation. Postoperative follow-up revealed wound integrity and patient satisfaction with the outcome. MLL is an important disease process with distinct clinical and histopathologic characteristics that often requires complex reconstruction. Although there are several opposing classification schema, we propose the incorporation of idiopathic scrotal elephantiasis into the diagnostic category of MLL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11175 Campus Street, Suite 21126, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. manish.champaneria@gmail.com
authors.forename: Manish C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Champaneria
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Workman
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Andrea O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D061645:Abdominoplasty / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004604:Elephantiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D035583:Rare Diseases; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012611:Scrotum / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome