title: Global strain in severe aortic valve stenosis: relation to clinical outcome after aortic valve replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) is often reduced in aortic stenosis despite normal ejection fraction. The importance of reduced preoperative GLS on long-term outcome after aortic valve replacement is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 125 patients with severe aortic stenosis and ejection fraction >40% scheduled for aortic valve replacement were evaluated preoperatively and divided into 4 groups according to GLS quartiles. Patients were followed up for 4 years. The primary end points were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) defined as cardiovascular mortality and cardiac hospitalization because of worsening of heart failure; the secondary end point was cardiovascular mortality. MACE and cardiac mortality were significantly increased in patients with lower GLS. Estimated 5-year MACE was increased: first quartile 19% (n=6) / second quartile 20% (n=6) / third quartile 35% (n=11) / fourth quartile 49% (n=15); P=0.04. Patients with increased age, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial dilatation were at increased risk. In Cox regression analysis, after correcting for standard risk factors and ejection fraction, GLS was found to be significantly associated with cardiac morbidity and mortality. In a stepwise Cox model with forward selection, GLS was the sole independent predictor: hazard ratio=1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.25), P=0.04. Comparing the overall log likelihood χ(2) of the predictive power of the multivariable model containing GLS was statistically superior to models based on EuroScore, history with ischemic heart disease, and ejection fraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement, reduced GLS provides important prognostic information beyond standard risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jordi S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Videbæk
authors.forename: Mikael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Torsten R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rudbæk
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pellikka
authors.forename: Jacob E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Møller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; C081643:candesartan