title: Uterine balloon tamponade for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in resource-poor settings: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective interventions addressing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) are critically needed to reduce maternal mortality worldwide. Uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) has been shown to be an effective technique to treat PPH in developed countries, but has not been examined in resource-poor settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This literature review examines the effectiveness of UBT for the treatment and management of PPH in resource-poor settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Publications were sought through searches of five electronic databases: Medline, Cochrane Reference Libraries, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase and Popline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Each reviewer evaluated the full text of potentially eligible articles by defined inclusion criteria, including the presentation of empirical data and use of UBT in resource-poor settings to treat PPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full text of all eligible publications was collected and systematically coded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search identified 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria: six case reports or case series, five prospective studies and two retrospective studies for a total of 241 women. No randomised controlled trials were identified. The studies used various types of UBT, including condom catheter (n = 193), Foley catheter (n = 5) and Sengstaken-Blakemore oesophageal tube (n = 1). In these studies, primarily conducted in tertiary-care settings rather than lower-level health facilities, UBT successfully treated PPH in 234 out of 241 women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UBT is an effective treatment for PPH in resource-poor settings. Further study of UBT interventions is necessary to better understand the barriers to successful implementation and use in these settings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. kathryn_tindell@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tindell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garfinkel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abu-Haydar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eckardt
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006801:Humans; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D058738:Uterine Balloon Tamponade / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*