title: Influences of Dryopteris crassirhizoma extract on the viability, growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans.
abstract: Dryopteris crassirhizoma is traditionally used as an herbal remedy for various diseases, and has been identified in a previous study as a potential anti-caries agent. In this study, the effect of a methanol extract of D. crassirhizoma on the viability, growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic dental pathogen, was investigated. In addition, the phytochemical composition of the extract was analyzed. The extract showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against oral bacteria (MIC and MBC of S. mutans: 62.5 and 250 μg/mL, respectively). At two times the MBC, the extract significantly eliminated S. mutans up to 99.9% after 1 h incubation. The extract also dose-dependently reduced growth rates of S. mutans at sub-MIC levels. Furthermore, at sub-MIC levels, virulence properties (acid production, acid tolerance, glucosyltransferase activity and sucrose-dependent adherence) of S. mutans were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of mono and disaccharides (44.9%), fatty acids (12.3%) and sugar alcohols (6.8%) in the extract. These data indicate that the extract might be useful for the control of dental caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Jeong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: Jae-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D032492:Dryopteris / Q000737:chemistry*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D000432:Methanol