title: Outbreak of human trichinellosis in Northern California caused by Trichinella murrelli.
abstract: In October of 2008, an outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in northern California that sickened 30 of 38 attendees of an event at which meat from a black bear was served. Morphologic and molecular testing of muscle from the leftover portion of bear meat revealed that the bear was infected with Trichinella murrelli, a sylvatic species of Trichinella found in temperate North America. Clinical records revealed a high attack rate for this outbreak: 78% for persons consuming any bear meat and 100% for persons consuming raw or undercooked bear meat. To our knowledge, this report is the first published report of a human trichinellosis outbreak in the United States attributed to T. murrelli, and it is the second such outbreak reported worldwide.
authors.affiliation: LifeSource Biomedical, LLC, Moffett Field, CA, USA. bqu5@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Patricia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Alexandre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McAuliffe
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Blaine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mathison
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Largusa
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000469:parasitology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014234:Trichinella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D001503:Ursidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D018509:DNA, Helminth; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer