title: Association between leptin and its soluble receptor with cardiometabolic risk factors in a Brazilian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most studies evaluating the conjoint effects of leptin and human soluble leptin receptor (hs-LR) on cardiometabolic risk factors have been conducted in well-characterized ethnic groups. We aimed to assess the associations of leptin and hs-LR with the cardiometabolic risk factors that reflect the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Brazilian population with varying degrees of adiposity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional analysis of adult subjects (n=173, age 45 ± 12 years, 124 women; body mass index [BMI] 35.6 ± 9.5 kg/m(2)) for association of leptin and its soluble receptor with cardiometabolic risk factors (glucose, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides). Plasma hs-LR was measured by ELISA; insulin and leptin were determined by RIA. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP/ATP III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin was positively associated with blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and HOMA and inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol. The hs-LR exhibited inverse relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors (P ≤ 0.006), except for glucose and lipid parameters. Leptin increased, whereas hs-LR decreased, with increasing number of MetS components (P for trend<0.001). In multivariable models, sex, BMI and insulin were independently associated with leptin, whereas age, sex, BMI and systolic blood pressure were the independent correlates of hs-LR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a Brazilian population with complex interethnic admixture, levels of hs-LR and leptin were independently associated with systolic blood pressure and insulin, respectively. Leptin increased with increasing number of MetS components. In turn, hs-LR decreased as the number of MetS components increased.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cyro José de Moraes
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Genelhu
authors.forename: Antonio Felipe
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sanjuliani
authors.forename: Pedro Hernan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: Emílio Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Francischetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides