title: Wild Plum: novel blue fluorescent compounds capable of luminosity restoration in sun-exposed skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Novel, blue fluorescent solids referred to as Wild Plum compounds can camouflage skin imperfections when incorporated into cosmetic products. We evaluated the relationship between sun exposure and skin fluorescence and determined if the application of Wild Plum formulations could restore lost fluorescence without harming the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The forehead skin of two groups of volunteers of mixed gender and age was examined for fluorescence and redness. In addition, subjects answered questions describing any adverse sensations they experienced after their skin was exposed to Wild Plum formulations for extended periods of time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescence measurements of both solar and non-solar skin indicated that repeated sun exposure causes a loss of skin fluorescence. Application of Wild Plum formulations caused an increase in skin fluorescence at all concentrations, restoring solar skin fluorescence to values well beyond that of non-solar skin. Photo analysis and interview questions indicated that these formulations did not cause any symptoms of irritancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wild Plum compounds have the ability to restore fluorescence of solar skin to a level significantly higher than that associated with non-solar skin. Skin appears more luminous and therefore more youthful. This fluorescence restoration is achieved at relatively low concentrations, without any harmful side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Doane College, Crete, NE, US. abby.jackson@doane.edu
authors.forename: Cassie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reicks
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groathouse
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trauernicht
authors.forename: Sharmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sikich
authors.forename: Mark V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Andrea E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Abby J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003116:Color; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004643:Emollients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027861:Prunus; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004643:Emollients; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes