title: Prognostic value of renin-angiotensin system blockade in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine whether the administration of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), affect disease outcome in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 330 patients with initially diagnosed NMIBC were identified. We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) in patients who did or did not receive RAS inhibitors. The median follow-up period was 4.1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 128 patients (38.8 %) experienced subsequent tumor recurrence, and stage progression was observed in 17 patients (5.2 %) during follow-up. Fifty-one patients (15.5 %) had received ACEI or ARB administration at transurethral resection. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor multiplicity, absence of bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation, and no administration of ACEI or ARB (P = 0.010, hazard ratio 2.26) were independent risk factors for subsequent tumor recurrence. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 78.4 % in patients administered ACEIs or ARBs, and 53.3 % in their counterparts (P = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of RAS inhibitor administration was an independent risk factor for subsequent tumor recurrence in patients with initially diagnosed NMIBC. Our data support further investigation of the role of RAS inhibitors as a potential therapy to decrease tumor recurrence in NMIBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuge
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirotake
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors