title: Induction of apoptosis by laminarin, regulating the insulin-like growth             factor-IR signaling pathways in HT-29 human colon cells.
abstract: In recent years, algae have been highlighted as potential sources of anticancer             agents. Laminarin is a molecule found in marine brown algae that has potentially             beneficial biological activities. However, these activities have not been investigated.             In the present study, we examined the effects of laminarin on HT-29 cells and             analyzed its effect on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-IR) signaling pathway.             3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium             (MTS) assays revealed that laminarin induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner.             Western blotting showed that laminarin decreased mitogen-activated protein kinases             (MAPK) and ERK phosphorylation. Decreased proliferation depended on IGF-IR, which             was associated with the downregulation of MAPK/ERK. These results are important             for understanding the roles of IGF-IR in colon cancer cell tumorigenesis, and             suggest that laminarin shows activity against human colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: In-Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joongkyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Taek-Jeong
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005936:Glucans; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005936:Glucans; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013002:Somatomedins; C008247:laminaran; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases