title: Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in normoalbuminuric normotensive type 1 diabetic adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in normoalbuminuric and normotensive adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to assess the relationship between NGAL and clinical and laboratory variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six adolescents with type 1 diabetes [male/ female (M/F) ratio, 24/22; median age, 14.5 years; range, 12.2-16 years; diabetes duration, 4.8 years; range, 2.6-6.7 years; hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 7.9%; range, 7.2%-9.2%] and 21 healthy controls (M/F, 7/14; median age, 14.8 years; range, 13.6-15.5 years) were compared regarding clinical, laboratory, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median blood and urine glucose, HbA1c, urine NGAL/creatinine ratio [13.2 (range, 8.3-43.1) vs. 4.8 (range, 2.9-20.2), p = 0.015], and daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) standard deviation score and BP loads were found higher in diabetic adolescents. Urine NGAL levels were found to be correlated with albumin/creatinine ratio (r = 0.452, p = 0.002), whereas plasma NGAL levels were correlated with nighttime systolic BP load (r = 0.309, p = 0.037). Patients with high-normal albuminuria (n=6) had higher urine NGAL levels [48.7 ng/mL (range, 27.9-149.1 ng/mL) vs. 14.3 ng/mL (range, 3.5-41 ng/mL), p = 0.014] and urine NGAL/creatinine ratio [39.3 ng/mg (range, 21.1-126.3 ng/mg) vs. 11.8 ng/mg (range, 6.3-40.9 ng/mg), p = 0.03] compared with those of controls and higher urine NGAL levels compared with that of diabetic adolescents with low-normal albuminuria [n=40, 11.2 ng/mL (range, 6-23.4 ng/mL), p = 0.004].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normoalbuminuric and normotensive adolescents with type 1 diabetes have elevated urinary NGAL values, which might indicate kidney injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Korcan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abaci
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Küme
authors.forename: Ayça
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altincik
authors.forename: Gönül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catli
authors.forename: Ece
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Böber
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D003404:Creatinine