title: Heart rate variability and plasma norepinephrine concentration in diabetic dogs at rest.
abstract: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in dogs with diabetic mellitus (DM) was evaluated using measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration. Dogs were divided into 2 groups; the control non-DM group (n = 13) and the diabetic group (n = 22) which was further divided into the well-controlled DM (n = 11) and the poorly-controlled DM subgroups (n = 11) according to their fasting plasma fructosamine concentrations. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded continuously for at least 30 min to yield HRV. The results showed that in the poorly-controlled DM subgroup, the average of normal R-R interval (mean N-N), SD of the mean of all 5-min segments of normal RR intervals (SDANN) were lower than the control group while heart rate was higher (P < 0.05). The NNA, SDNN, SDNN index and pNN50% were significantly lower when compared with the well-controlled DM subgroup (P < 0.05). The high frequency (HF) and total power were significantly lower while the ratio of low to high frequency (LF/HF) was higher (P < 0.05) when compared with the well-controlled DM subgroup. Moreover, in the poorly-controlled DM subgroup, plasma NE concentration was lower than the control group (210 ± 37 vs. 479 ± 74 pg/ml, P < 0.05). There was a significantly negative correlation between plasma NE and plasma fructosamine concentrations. It is concluded that cardiac autonomic neuropathy occurred in poorly-controlled DM dogs. The sympathetic activity was suppressed as shown by decrease in both plasma NE concentration and LF component.
authors.affiliation: Graduate program in Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prapawadee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pirintr
authors.forename: Winai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chansaisakorn
authors.forename: Monkon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trisiriroj
authors.forename: Sarinee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalandakanond-Thongsong
authors.forename: Chollada
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buranakarl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019270:Fructosamine; D009638:Norepinephrine