title: Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiological characteristics of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Changsha area.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been reported in China. In this study, we investigated the drug resistance characteristic, genetic background, and molecular epidemiological characteristic of S. aureus in Changsha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2006 and December 2008, 293 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from 11 hospitals in Changsha and identified by the Vitek-2 system. All the isolates were verified as MRSA by PCR amplification of both femA and mecA genes. K-B disk method was used to test drug sensitivity of S. aureus to antibiotics. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for genotypic and homologous analysis of 115 isolates randomly selected from the original 293 clinical S. aureus isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S. aureus was highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin with resistant rates of 96.6%, 96.6%, 77.1%, and 67.2% respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to tecoplanin, vancomycin, and linezolid. MRSA accounted for 64.8% (190/293) of all the S. aureus strains. The 115 S. aureus isolates were clustered into 39 PFGE types by PFGE typing, with 13 predominant patterns (designated types A to M) accounting for 89 isolates. The most prevalent PFGE type was type A (n = 56, 48.7%) and 100.0% of type A strains were MRSA. PFGE type A included 13 subtypes, and the most prevalent subtype was subtype A1 (46.4%, 26/56). Strains with PFGE type A were isolated from eight hospitals (8/11), and both subtypes A1 and A4 strains were isolated in a university hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical isolates of S. aureus in Changsha were resistant to multiple traditional antibiotics. There was an outbreak of PFGE type A MRSA in this area and the A1 subtype was the predominant epidemic clone. Dissemination of the same clone was an important reason for the wide spread of MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Xiang
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Rong-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ning-Jie
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-En
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fu-Ping
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xue-Gong
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002681:China; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D002981:Clindamycin; D004917:Erythromycin; D014640:Vancomycin; D000667:Ampicillin