title: Lateral prefrontal cortex is organized into parallel dorsal and ventral streams along the rostro-caudal axis.
abstract: Anatomical connectivity differences between the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the non-human primate strongly suggests that these regions support different functions. However, after years of study, it remains unclear whether these regions are functionally distinct. In contrast, there has been a groundswell of recent studies providing evidence for a rostro-caudal functional organization, along the lateral as well as dorsomedial frontal cortex. Thus, it is not known whether dorsal and ventral regions of lateral PFC form distinct functional networks and how to reconcile any dorso-ventral organization with the medio-lateral and rostro-caudal axes. Here, we used resting-state connectivity data to identify parallel dorsolateral and ventrolateral streams of intrinsic connectivity with the dorsomedial frontal cortex. Moreover, we show that this connectivity follows a rostro-caudal gradient. Our results provide evidence for a novel framework for the intrinsic organization of the frontal cortex that incorporates connections between medio-lateral, dorso-ventral, and rostro-caudal axes.
authors.affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Blumenfeld
authors.forename: Emi M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gratton
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Esposito
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult