title: Plasma adiponectin and the risk of hypertension in white and black postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin may have a protective role in the development of obesity-related metabolic and vascular disorders, including hypertension. We conducted a prospective, nested case control study to investigate the relation between baseline plasma adiponectin, measures of adiposity, and subsequent risk of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 400 white and 400 black postmenopausal women, age <70 years, who developed incident hypertension during 5.9-year follow-up and an equal number of age- and race-matched controls in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We measured plasma concentrations of total adiponectin in their baseline blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In crude matched models, plasma adiponectin was inversely associated with risk of hypertension among both white and black women. The association appeared to be nonlinear in white women but dose related in black women. Adjustment for lifestyle factors, measures of obesity, and obesity-related clinical factors attenuated these associations. The multivariable relative risk (95% CI) of hypertension across increasing quartiles of plasma adiponectin were 1.00, 0.98 (0.66-1.46), 0.63 (0.41-0.97), and 0.92 (0.60-1.42) in white women (P(trend): 0.38) and 1.00, 0.96 (0.64-1.46), 0.83 (0.53-1.29), and 0.58 (0.36-0.94) in black women (P(trend): 0.02). Further adjustment for inflammatory markers and endothelial markers eliminated the association in white, but not black, women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective, nested case control study, we found an inverse association between plasma adiponectin and risk of hypertension in white and black postmenopausal women. The reduced risk of hypertension was limited to only intermediate concentrations of adiponectin in white women whereas it was graded across quartiles of adiponectin in black women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA. luwang@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: JoAnn E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ridker
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sesso
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D050154:Adiposity; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers