title: Prevalence of ADHD symptoms in patients with congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swanson, Nolan and Pelham teacher and parent rating scales, version 4 (SNAP-IV), commonly used for assessing symptoms of ADHD, were completed by parents and counselors of children who attended a CHD summer camp. Mean scores (n = 51) were compared with two comparison groups without CHD: patients with ADHD (n = 75) and patients without ADHD (n = 41). Parent scores were also compared to previously published parent normative data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CHD were reported to have elevated SNAP-IV scores by parents and counselors (11.8%). Parent ratings of inattention were significantly greater in CHD subjects when compared to the comparison group without ADHD (P < 0.001), and similar to the ADHD-positive comparison group. Regarding parent ratings of hyperactivity and impulsivity, the CHD group was significantly lower than the ADHD-positive controls (P = 0.024) but greater than the ADHD-negative controls (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADHD symptoms are more prevalent in children with CHD. Parent ratings of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in CHD patients are similar to ratings in children diagnosed with ADHD. There is a trend towards a greater prevalence of inattention symptoms in patients with cyanosis or single ventricle physiology.
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. erlendhansen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Erlend
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Tiffany A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Van
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.forename: Anjan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Batra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires