title: Pathological and behavioral risk factors for higher serum C-reactive protein concentrations in free-living adults--a Brazilian community-based study.
abstract: Low-grade chronic systemic inflammation is often associated with chronic non-communicable diseases, and its most frequently used marker, the C-reactive protein (CRP), has become an identifier of such diseases as well as an independent predictor for cardiovascular disorders and mortality. CRP is produced in response to pro-inflammatory signaling and to individual and behavioral factors, leading to pathological states. The aim of this study was to rank the predicting factors of high CRP concentrations in free-living adults from a community-based sample. We evaluated 522 adults (40-84 years old; 381 women) for anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake, clinical and physical tests, and blood analysis. Subjects were assigned to groups, according to CRP concentrations, as normal CRP (G1; <3.0 mg/L; n = 269), high CRP (G2; 3.0-6.0 mg/L; n = 139), and very high CRP (G3; >6.0 mg/dL; n = 116). Statistical comparison between groups used one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and prediction of altered values in increasing CRP was evaluated by proportional hazard models (odds ratio). CRP distribution was influenced by gender, body mass index, body and abdominal fatness, blood leukocytes, and neutrophil counts. The higher CRP group was discriminated by the above variables in addition to lower VO(2max), serum metabolic syndrome components (triglycerides, glucose, and HDL cholesterol), higher insulin, homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance, uric acid, gamma-GT, and homocysteine. After adjustments, only fatness, blood leukocytes, and hyperglycemia remained as independent predictors for increased serum CRP concentrations. Intervention procedures to treat low-grade chronic inflammation in overweight women would mainly focus on restoring muscle mass and functions in addition to an antioxidant-rich diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Botucatu School of Medicine, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. fer_moreto@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moreto
authors.forename: Erick Prado
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Rodrigo Minoru
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.forename: Gabriel Augusto
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Torezan
authors.forename: Okesley
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Edilaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michelin
authors.forename: Roberto Carlos
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burini
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D006710:Homocysteine; D014527:Uric Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein