title: Efficacy of feed forward and feedback signaling for inflations and chest compression pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a newborn mannequin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study was to evaluate a device that supports professionals during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The device features a box that generates an audio-prompted rate guidance (feed forward) for inflations and compressions, and a transparent foil that is placed over the chest with marks for inter nipple line and sternum with LED's incorporated in the foil indicating the exerted force (feedback).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten pairs (nurse/doctor) performed CPR on a newborn resuscitation mannequin. All pairs initially performed two sessions. Thereafter two sessions were performed in similar way, after randomization in 5 pairs that used the device and 5 pairs that performed CPR without the device (controls). A rhythm score was calculated based on the number of CPR cycles that were performed correctly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rhythm score with the device improved from 85 ± 14 to 99 ± 2% (P < 0.05). In the control group no differences were observed. The recorded pressures with the device increased from 3.1 ± 1.6 to 4.9 ± 0.8 arbitrary units (P < 0.05). The second performance of the teams showed significant better results for the group with the CPR device compared to the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feed forward and feedback signaling leads to a more constant rhythm and chest compression pressure during CPR.
authors.affiliation: Maxima Medical Centre, Department of Pediatrics, division of neonatology, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andriessen
authors.forename: Sidarto Bambang
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Oetomo
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Loe Mg
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Feijs