title: Proteome-wide analysis of lysine acetylation suggests its broad regulatory scope in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Post-translational modification of proteins by lysine acetylation plays important regulatory roles in living cells. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely used unicellular eukaryotic model organism in biomedical research. S. cerevisiae contains several evolutionary conserved lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. However, only a few dozen acetylation sites in S. cerevisiae are known, presenting a major obstacle for further understanding the regulatory roles of acetylation in this organism. Here we use high resolution mass spectrometry to identify about 4000 lysine acetylation sites in S. cerevisiae. Acetylated proteins are implicated in the regulation of diverse cytoplasmic and nuclear processes including chromatin organization, mitochondrial metabolism, and protein synthesis. Bioinformatic analysis of yeast acetylation sites shows that acetylated lysines are significantly more conserved compared with nonacetylated lysines. A large fraction of the conserved acetylation sites are present on proteins involved in cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and protein folding. Furthermore, quantification of the Rpd3-regulated acetylation sites identified several previously known, as well as new putative substrates of this deacetylase. Rpd3 deficiency increased acetylation of the SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase) complex subunit Sgf73 on K33. This acetylation site is located within a critical regulatory domain in Sgf73 that interacts with Ubp8 and is involved in the activation of the Ubp8-containing histone H2B deubiquitylase complex. Our data provides the first global survey of acetylation in budding yeast, and suggests a wide-ranging regulatory scope of this modification. The provided dataset may serve as an important resource for the functional analysis of lysine acetylation in eukaryotes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: Sebastian A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.forename: Satyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Giedre
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bacinskaja
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: André H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Juffer
authors.forename: Tobias C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lisby
authors.forename: Chunaram
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007477:Ions; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D008239:Lysine