title: Finding the will and the way of ERAD substrate retrotranslocation.
abstract: ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is a mechanism by which numerous ER-localized proteins are targeted for cytosolic degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. A surprising and still-cryptic requirement of this process is the energy dependent retrotranslocation of both lumenal and membrane-embedded ER proteins into the cytosol for ongoing ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. The current understanding, results, and open questions are discussed below for this intriguing and critical process of ERAD.
authors.affiliation: UCSD Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, La Jolla, CA, United States. rhampton@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Randolph Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D060746:Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation; D006801:Humans; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex