title: Development of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry methods for the study of a high number of urine markers of inborn errors of metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rapid and specific screening methods to detect abnormal metabolites in biological fluids are important for the diagnosis of many Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM). In Galicia (N.W. Spain), where newborn screening (NBS) has long used both blood and urine dried samples, an expanded NBS by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) begun in July 2000 analyzing amino acids and acylcarnitines in blood. The purpose of this study is the development of methods to widen and to complement the present NBS with the study of the selected metabolites in urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied and optimized the fragmentation of a total of 96 marking compounds of IEM, as well as 34 isotopically labeled internal standards (IS). The isobaric interferences were resolved with the use of alternative fragmentation in 14 of the 28 groups found. The methods were validated for 68 compounds following the recommendations of the NCCLS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have developed electrospray ionization (ESI)- MS/MS methods in positive and negative ionization modes to detect selected metabolites in urine. The study was performed by direct injection of amino acids and acylcarnitines in positive mode, and organic acids, acylglycines, purines and pyrimidines in negative mode. Run times were 2.5 and 2.6 min, respectively, allowing the daily analysis of a high number of samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validated methods were proved effective for the simultaneous study of a large number of metabolites which are commonly present in urine samples and are used for detecting IEM. The evaluation was done by searching diagnostic profiles with multiple markers to increase sensitivity and specificity (e.g., acylcarnitines plus amino acids) or with specific urine markers (cystine, homogentisic acid, sialic acid, N-acetylaspartic acid, etc.).
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Metabolopatías, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: M Maira
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rebollido-Fernandez
authors.forename: Daisy E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Castiñeiras
authors.forename: M Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bóveda
authors.forename: M Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Couce
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cocho
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fraga
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions / Q000652:urine; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000652:urine*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007477:Ions; D009930:Organic Chemicals