title: 10 ps resolution, 160 ns full scale range and less than 1.5% differential non-linearity time-to-digital converter module for high performance timing measurements.
abstract: We present a compact high performance time-to-digital converter (TDC) module that provides 10 ps timing resolution, 160 ns dynamic range and a differential non-linearity better than 1.5% LSB(rms). The TDC can be operated either as a general-purpose time-interval measurement device, when receiving external START and STOP pulses, or in photon-timing mode, when employing the on-chip SPAD (single photon avalanche diode) detector for detecting photons and time-tagging them. The instrument precision is 15 ps(rms) (i.e., 36 ps(FWHM)) and in photon timing mode it is still better than 70 ps(FWHM). The USB link to the remote PC allows the easy setting of measurement parameters, the fast download of acquired data, and their visualization and storing via an user-friendly software interface. The module proves to be the best candidate for a wide variety of applications such as: fluorescence lifetime imaging, time-of-flight ranging measurements, time-resolved positron emission tomography, single-molecule spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, diffuse optical tomography, optical time-domain reflectometry, quantum optics, etc.
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tamborini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tisa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zappa
mesh_terms: D000703:Analog-Digital Conversion; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013997:Time Factors