title: A bifasic response to cadmium stress in carrot: Early acclimatory mechanisms give way to root collapse further to prolonged metal exposure.
abstract: Very few studies have provided information about the effects of cadmium (Cd) at histoanatomical and ultrastructural levels, along with potential localization of the metal in planta. In particular, from this standpoint, almost nothing is known in Daucus carota L. (carrot), a particularly important species for in vitro and in vivo functional investigations. In this work we hypothesized that 36 μM Cd, supplied for 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 days to 30-day-old in vitro-cultured plants, might induce an early acclimation, but a final collapse of roots and leaves. In fact, as a general feature, a biphasic root response to Cd stress actually took place: in the first phase (1-4 days of Cd exposure), the cytological and functional events observed - by light microscopy, TEM, epifluorescence, as well as by the time-course of thiol-peptide compounds - can be interpreted as acclimatory responses aimed at diminishing the movement of Cd across the root. The second phase (from 4 to 14 days of Cd exposure) was instead characterized by cell hypertrophy, cell-to-cell separation events, increase in α-β-γ-tocopherol levels and, not least, endocytogenic processes, coupled with a dramatic drop in the amount of thiol-peptide compounds. These events led to a progressive root collapse, even if they did not ingenerate macro/microscopic injury symptoms in leaf blades and petioles.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy. luigi.sanita@unipr.it
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanità di Toppi
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vurro
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Benedictis
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falasca
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musetti
authors.forename: Marcello S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lenucci
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalessandro
authors.forename: Maria Maddalena
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Altamura
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol