title: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of causative organisms of neonatal septicemia in an urban hospital of Bangladesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The information of the sensitivity pattern of the causative organisms is very important for effective control of septicemia in neonates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the proportion and profile of pathogenic bacteria in the blood cultures of the neonates with clinically suspected septicemia and their susceptibility pattern to antimicrobial agents for developing a unified antibiotic treatment protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted over a period of 3 year and 4 months (39 months). The study included 1000 patients admitted in the selected hospital in Bangladesh. Blood samples for culture were taken aseptically before starting antibiotic therapy. Microorganisms were isolated and identified by standard microbiological processes which include colony morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical profiles. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns were performed by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method against imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, netilmicin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cephalexin, and ampicillin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the patients, 633 (63.3%) were males and 367 (36.7%) were females. Blood cultures were found positive in 194 (19.4%) neonates. The organisms isolated were Pseudomonas spp. (31.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.4%), Escherichia coli (7.2%), Acinatobactor (5.7%), Gram-negative Bacilli (4.1%), Flavobacterium spp. (3.6%), Serratia spp. (5.7%), Citrobacter fruendi (3.1%), Streptococcus species (2.6%), and Enterobacter spp. (1.0%). A majority of the bacterial isolates in neonatal sepsis were found sensitive to imipenem (91.8%) and ciprofloxacin (57.2%) and resistant to commonly used antibiotics, eg. ampicillin (96.4%) and cephalexin (89.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The problem can be mitigated by careful selection and prudent use of available antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Forhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monjur
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asaduzzaman
authors.forename: Nishat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nasrin
authors.forename: Nobo Krishna
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Apurba Sarker
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Apu
authors.forename: Fazlul
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haque
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001459:Bangladesh; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents