title: Efects of hormone replacement and tamoxifen on depression in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of tamoxifen and hormone replacement therapy in order to assess their role in depressive behavior:
  
  
  METHODS
  Different protocols of hormone replacement therapies were administered to surgically ovariectomized rats. Intact rats were used for tamoxifen experiments. Properly assigned control groups were used and cognitive processes were studied on animal models of surgical menopause using the Porsolt forced swim test and locomotor activity experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the tamoxifen experiments, an interaction between treatment and days did not reach statistical significance, but indicated a trend in this direction [F(1,26)=3.557, p = 0.071]. The number of repeated movements significantly decreased after the Porsolt test (F(1,44) = 8.483, P < 0.006) in the hormone replacement experiments. In the tamoxifen experiments, the number of repeated movements significantly decreased after the Porsolt test (F(1,26) = 74.410, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While sequential hormone replacement is found to be protective against depression, tamoxifen seems to augment behavioral despair
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Cosan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Terek
authors.forename: Lutfiye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanit
authors.forename: Yusuf Hakan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: Oğuz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gözen
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keser
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozsener
authors.forename: Sakire
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pogun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013550:Swimming; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D013629:Tamoxifen