title: Prevalence of Salmonella on retail chicken meat in Russian Federation.
abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella on raw retail chicken meat in Russia. Broiler chicken carcasses (n = 698) were collected from three regions of Russia: central (i.e., Moscow area), northwest (i.e., St. Petersburg area), and southern  (i.e., Krasnodar area). In each region, samples were collected to represent various cities and districts, as well as different types of retail stores and carcass storage temperatures (i.e., chilled and frozen). All chicken samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella using a  whole-carcass rinse method. The overall Salmonella prevalence was 31.5%. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence by (i) region-29.3% (n = 464) in Moscow, 38.5% (n = 192) in St. Petersburg, and 23.8% (n = 42)  in Krasnodar; (ii) retail store type-28.8% (n = 236) in hypermarkets, 31.9% (n = 260) in supermarkets (part of chain stores), 44.3% (n = 61) in independent supermarkets, 42.9% (n = 28) in independent minimarkets, and 26.6% (n = 113) in wet markets;  and (iii) poultry company-34.3% (n = 545) on chickens produced by integrated companies compared with 22.9% (n = 118) on chickens produced by nonintegrated companies. Strategies such as good agriculture and management practices should be enhanced to reduce Salmonella  prevalence on raw poultry in Russia and therefore increase the safety of chicken products.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA. walali@uga.edu
authors.forename: Walid Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Alali
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaydashov
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panin
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tugarinov
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulikovskii
authors.forename: Dzhemile
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mamleeva
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Walls
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Doyle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012426:Russia; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*