title: Inhibitory effects of water extract from longan twigs on mutation and nitric oxide production.
abstract: This study examines the inhibitory effects of water extract from longan twigs (WLTs) on mutation and nitric oxide (NO) production. The results show that WLT inhibited the mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), an indirect mutagen, and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO), a direct mutagen toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. In addition, WLT in the range 0-0.6 mg/ml showed radical scavenging, reducing activities and chelating activity, as well as decreased lipid oxidative damage. Meanwhile, WLT also inhibited tyrosinase activity and NO generation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages. High performance liquid chromatography analysis suggests that the major phenolic constituents in WLT are epicatechin, ellagic acid and gallic acid. These bioactive components may contribute to the protective effects of WLT. Our data suggests that WLT can be applied to antimutation, anti-inflammation and antityrosinase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60 Erh-Jen Rd., Sec. 1, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Bor-Sen
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chi-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chih-Kwang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Ming-Hsing
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000201:enzymology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase