title: Time required for navigated macular laser photocoagulation treatment with the Navilas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Navilas laser is a novel technology combining photocoagulation with imaging, including fluorescein angiographic (FA) images which are annotated and aligned to a live fundus view. We determine the time necessary for planning and treatment of macular edema utilizing the Navilas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The screen recordings during treatments were retrospectively analyzed for treatment type, number of laser shots, the duration of planning (measured from the time the planning image was selected to time of marking the last planned treatment spot), and total time of laser application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 93 treatments (30 grid, 30 focal and 33 combined treatments) by four physicians from three sites were included. An average of 125 spots were applied to each eye. The total time spent for each focal treatment - including the planning was 7 min 47 s (±3 min and 32 s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Navilas is a novel device providing a time efficient platform for evaluating FA images and performing threshold macular laser photocoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Retina Consultants of Michigan, Southfield, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ober
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kernt
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kozak
mesh_terms: D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors