title: Neuronal activity in the isolated mouse spinal cord during spontaneous deletions in fictive locomotion: insights into locomotor central pattern generator organization.
abstract: We explored the organization of the spinal central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion by analysing the activity of spinal interneurons and motoneurons during spontaneous deletions occurring during fictive locomotion in the isolated neonatal mouse spinal cord, following earlier work on locomotor deletions in the cat. In the isolated mouse spinal cord, most spontaneous deletions were non-resetting, with rhythmic activity resuming after an integer number of cycles. Flexor and extensor deletions showed marked asymmetry: flexor deletions were accompanied by sustained ipsilateral extensor activity, whereas rhythmic flexor bursting was not perturbed during extensor deletions. Rhythmic activity on one side of the cord was not perturbed during non-resetting spontaneous deletions on the other side, and these deletions could occur with no input from the other side of the cord. These results suggest that the locomotor CPG has a two-level organization with rhythm-generating (RG) and pattern-forming (PF) networks, in which only the flexor RG network is intrinsically rhythmic. To further explore the neuronal organization of the CPG, we monitored activity of motoneurons and selected identified interneurons during spontaneous non-resetting deletions. Motoneurons lost rhythmic synaptic drive during ipsilateral deletions. Flexor-related commissural interneurons continued to fire rhythmically during non-resetting ipsilateral flexor deletions. Deletion analysis revealed two classes of rhythmic V2a interneurons. Type I V2a interneurons retained rhythmic synaptic drive and firing during ipsilateral motor deletions, while type IIV2a interneurons lost rhythmic synaptic input and fell silent during deletions. This suggests that the type I neurons are components of the RG, whereas the type II neurons are components of the PF network.We propose a computational model of the spinal locomotor CPG that reproduces our experimental results. The results may provide novel insights into the organization of spinal locomotor networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, W 159 Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Guisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Natalia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shevtsova
authors.forename: Ilya A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rybak
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harris-Warrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D063226:Central Pattern Generators / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D016202:N-Methylaspartate