title: The effect of lightly crosslinked poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel coating on the performance of sensors in whole blood.
abstract: Surface coatings of high packing densities have been routinely used to prevent nonspecific biomolecular and microorganism attachment. Hydrogels are another class of low fouling materials used to create three-dimensional matrixes for the free diffusion of small analytes or drugs and the high-loading of bio-recognition elements. However, biomolecules are subject to being entrapped within hydrogel matrixes or adhered onto hydrogel surfaces, making them questionable for use in whole blood. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a lightly crosslinked poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel for use in whole blood, as opposite to the conventional wisdom of high packing density in surface coatings. Proteins are able to diffuse in and out of the matrix freely without being altered from their native conformations. In order to demonstrate its long-term performance in whole blood, this hydrogel was used as the surface coating of a glucose sensor. This work paves a new way for the development of surface coatings and sensors to achieve long-term stability and high performance in whole blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Louisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.forename: Jiajie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Colleen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: Shengfu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shaoyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001622:Betaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D011108:Polymers; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D001622:Betaine; D005949:Glucose Oxidase