title: Indocyanine green reinjection technique for use in fluorescent angiography concomitant with cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy, surgeons must possess detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the bile duct and arterial system as seen through a laparoscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed an indocyanine green (ICG) reinjection technique for use in fluorescent angiography. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the ICG reinjection technique in fluorescent angiography in discriminating the arterial system with the concomitant use of fluorescent cholangiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy without complication. After reinjection of ICG during surgery, fluorescence of the cystic artery was visualized in 25 patients (89%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescent angiography using this ICG reinjection technique might enhance the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Takeaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000098:blood supply*; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green