title: Olfactory outcomes following endoscopic pituitary surgery with or without septal flap reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative hyposmia and anosmia is an often overlooked complication of endoscopic pituitary surgery. Septal flaps have been utilized as a strategy for repairing and preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The olfactory impact of raising this flap for sellar reconstruction and CSF repair needs qualitative assessment. This study aims to ascertain the effect of the Hadad-Bassagasteguy (HB) flap on olfaction in endoscopic pituitary surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing pituitary surgery underwent computerized randomization. Those in Group 1 all had HB flaps raised and placed for sellar floor defects. Those in Group 2 underwent reconstruction with synthetic or nonautologous materials. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Results were analyzed using nonparametric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty subjects were enrolled, 10 in each group. Eight subjects in Group 1 vs 3 in Group 2 had intraoperative CSF leak. All were repaired intraoperatively and none required additional intervention. Preoperatively, UPSIT scores were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.62). Preoperative vs postoperative comparisons were significant for a decrease in scores in both groups postoperatively (Group 1, p < 0.001; Group 2, p < 0.001). Those undergoing HB flap reconstruction had significantly worse scores postoperatively (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic pituitary surgery results in decreased olfaction with or without deploying a septal flap. However, use of the HB flap for reconstruction can worsen hyposmia at least 6 months after surgery. Olfaction should be considered when use of the HB flap is planned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duggal
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Rotenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000517:prevention & control; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome