title: Role of rare variants in undetermined multiple adenomatous polyposis and early-onset colorectal cancer.
abstract: Some 15-20% of multiple adenomatous polyposis have no genetic explanation and 20-30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are thought to be due to inherited multifactorial causes. Accumulation of deleterious effects of low-frequency dominant and independently acting variants may be a partial explanation for such patients. The aim of this study was to type a selection of rare and low-frequency variants (<5%) to elucidate their role in CRC susceptibility. A total of 1181 subjects were included (866 controls; 315 cases). Cases comprised UK (n=184) and French (n=131) patients with MAP (n=187) or early-onset CRC (n=128). Seventy variants in 17 genes were examined in cases and controls. The effect of the variant effect on protein function was investigated in silico. Out of the 70 variants typed, 36 (51%) were tested for association. Twenty-one variants were rare (minor allele frequency (MAF) <1%). Four rare variants were found to have a significantly higher MAF in cases (EXO1-12, MLH1-1, CTNNB1-1 and BRCA2-37, P<0.05) than in controls. Pooling all rare variants with a MAF <0.5% showed an excess risk in cases (odds ratio=3.2; 95% confidence interval=1.1-9.5; P=0.04). Rare variants are important risk factors in CRC and, as such, should be systematically assayed alongside common variation in the search for the genetic basis of complex diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Saint-Antoine AP-HP, University Paris VI (Pierre and Marie Curie), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérémie H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Saint-Antoine AP-HP, University Paris VI (Pierre and Marie Curie), Paris, France.|Laboratory of Angiogenetics and Oncogenetics, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière AP-HP, University Paris VI (Pierre and Marie Curie), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chrystelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winney
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Translational Oncology Group, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonks
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hutnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Abdelhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boumertit
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Angiogenetics and Oncogenetics, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière AP-HP, University Paris VI (Pierre and Marie Curie), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soubrier
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Midgley
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Saint-Antoine AP-HP, University Paris VI (Pierre and Marie Curie), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Parc
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Walter F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bodmer
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000236:Adenoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics; D005602:France; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D006113:United Kingdom; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; C551750:BRCA2 protein, human; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C114331:EXO1 protein, human; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes