title: Potential resistant morphotypes of Acanthamoeba castellanii expressed in multipurpose contact lens disinfection systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii is a rare cause of contact lens-associated microbial keratitis. The cyst stage of this amoeba is noted for its resistance to disinfection by multipurpose contact lens solutions (MPS). This report examines and reviews the potential survival modes of A. castellanii in MPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trophozoites of A. castellanii (ATCC 30234) at densities from 10 to near 10 were incubated in 3 different MPS in a laminar flow hood for 24 hours at ambient temperatures. The dried films of MPS and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) controls were examined before and after the addition of a peptone-yeast extract-glucose recovery broth (PYG) for the presence of amoeboid trophozoites and resistance stages over at least 7 days. The parallel exposure of trophozoites to MPS without evaporation or addition of PYG was similarly examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amoeboid trophozoites were not recovered in PYG nor were cyst-like structures observed in any MPS with near 10 densities. Progressively with 10 to 10 trophozoites, varied survival modes, particularly aggregates of trophozoites associated with cyst-like structures and occasional amoeboid forms and double-walled cysts with ostioles, became more evident. These morphotypes were most prominent after evaporation and typically first observed in the PYG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trophozoites of A. castellanii near 10 and progressively to 10 densities are capable of expressing a variety of "short-term" survival modes in MPS, notably with the added stress of evaporation. Expression of these alternate survival modes in MPS may relate, in part, to contamination of contact lens cases and difficulties in developing standardized MPS efficacy tests.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. dgahearn@gsu.edu
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ahearn
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: R Doyle
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stulting
mesh_terms: D015823:Acanthamoeba Keratitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048248:Acanthamoeba castellanii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018639:Contact Lens Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003890:Desiccation; D004203:Disinfection; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018639:Contact Lens Solutions