title: A qualitative exploration of the role of social networks in educating urban African American adolescents about sex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore social network members' role in educating African American adolescents about sexual health issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted 21 focus groups with urban African American mothers (n=51), fathers (n=18), sons (n=20), and daughters (n=36) from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA, between December 2007 and March 2008. At least one biological parent (or legal guardian) and one adolescent aged 15-17 years from each family participated. Group conversations were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using directive content analysis and the constant comparison method. Two coders independently read each transcript to identify emergent themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A broad range of people were reportedly involved in the education process. Older siblings, extended family, and peers were most commonly cited. However, unrelated adults were also described as playing important roles. Unrelated adults included the friends of an adolescent's parents and the parents of an adolescent's friends or romantic partners. Social network members were said to address three main issues: the facts about sex and sexuality, the social aspects of sexuality (e.g., appropriate dating behaviors, choosing dating partners), and promotion of family values. When educating adolescents about sex, social network members were described as playing eight functional roles, including that of a teacher, guide, challenger, confidant, shelterer, supervisor-chaperone, role model, and provider of access to reproductive health services. These roles were not mutually exclusive, meaning that social network members often assumed different roles depending on the situation. The influence of individuals who were not an adolescent's parent was highly dependent on adolescents' relationship with their parents or on their parents' comfort dealing with sexual issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African American adolescents' social networks were described by parents and adolescents as dense, complex, and routinely involved in educating adolescents about sex.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Juvenile Justice, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Diane J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Abatemarco
authors.forename: Martha Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yonas
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Aletha Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Akers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012736:Sex Education; D012944:Social Support; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult