title: Participation, socioeconomic status and group or individual counselling intervention in individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up study of the FIN-D2D-project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe socioeconomic characteristics of participants and their effect on uptake and completion of the implementation project (FIN-D2D) for the National Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programme. Furthermore, to assess the effectiveness of individual vs. group intervention during one-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, 2820 men and 5764 women aged <65 years participated in the non-randomized implementation project in primary health care setting; one-year follow-up was available for 1067 men and 2122 women. Socioeconomic status included education and occupation. Interventions were individual and/or group-based. The changes in cardiovascular risk factors and glucose tolerance were used as measures of the effectiveness of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  68.4% of the men and 69.8% of the women participated in some of the intervention modalities offered. Low education and not working were related to active participation in the intervention in men. 88.2% of men and 76.1% of women selected the individual instead of group intervention. The effectiveness of individual vs. group interventions did not differ, except for minor changes in systolic blood pressure in women and glucose tolerance in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socioeconomic status modulated participation in interventions. Both types of intervention worked equally well, but participation in group intervention was low.
authors.affiliation: Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. nina.rautio@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rautio
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jokelainen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saaristo
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saltevo
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korpi-Hyövälti
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: Sirkka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003376:Counseling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006126:Group Processes; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010349:Patient Compliance; D057240:Patient Preference; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome