title: Protective effects against abortion and fetal infection following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy in beef heifers that received two doses of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine prior to breeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether administration of 2 doses of a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine prior to breeding of heifers would provide protection against abortion and fetal infection following exposure of pregnant heifers to cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and cattle with acute bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  33 crossbred beef heifers, 3 steers, 6 bulls, and 25 calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 of 22 vaccinated and 10 of 11 unvaccinated heifers became pregnant and were commingled with 3 steers PI with BVDV type 1a, 1b, or 2 for 56 days beginning 102 days after the second vaccination (administered 30 days after the first vaccination). Eighty days following removal of BVDV-PI steers, heifers were commingled with 3 bulls with acute BHV1 infection for 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After BVDV exposure, 1 fetus (not evaluated) was aborted by a vaccinated heifer; BVDV was detected in 0 of 19 calves from vaccinated heifers and in all 4 fetuses (aborted after BHV1 exposure) and 6 calves from unvaccinated heifers. Bovine herpesvirus 1 was not detected in any fetus or calf and associated fetal membranes in either treatment group. Vaccinated heifers had longer gestation periods and calves with greater birth weights, weaning weights, average daily gains, and market value at weaning, compared with those for calves born to unvaccinated heifers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prebreeding administration of a modified-live virus vaccine to heifers resulted in fewer abortions and BVDV-PI offspring and improved growth and increased market value of weaned calves.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Research, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: M Daniel
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Givens
authors.forename: M Shonda D
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Marley
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Douglas T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ensley
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Galik
authors.forename: Yijing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kay P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: Kellye S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Joiner
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Brodersen
authors.forename: Soren P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rodning
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000821:virology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines