title: Chinese adaptation and validation of the patellofemoral pain severity scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study validated the Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale translated into Chinese.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale was translated from the original English version following standard forward and backward translation procedures recommended by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The survey was then conducted in clinical settings by a questionnaire comprising the Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale, Kujala Scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four Chinese reading patients with patellofemoral pain were recruited from physical therapy clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internal consistency of the translated instrument was measured by Cronbach alpha. Convergent validity was examined by Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho) tests by comparing its score with the validated Chinese version of the Kujala Scale and the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index while the test-retest reliability was evaluated by administering the questionnaires twice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach alpha values of individual questions and their overall value were above 0.85. Strong association was found between the Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale and the Kujala Scale (rho = -0.72, p < 0.001). Moderate correlation was also found between Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale with the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index (rho = 0.63, p < 0.001). Excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98) was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chinese translated version of the Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for patients with patellofemoral pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA. rtcheung@partners.org
authors.forename: Roy T H
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Shirley P C
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ngai
authors.forename: Priscillia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Joseph K W
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Eric Y H
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Fung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014177:Translations