title: Harmonization process and reliability assessment of anthropometric measurements in the elderly EXERNET multi-centre study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The elderly EXERNET multi-centre study aims to collect normative anthropometric data for old functionally independent adults living in Spain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the standardization process and reliability of the anthropometric measurements carried out in the pilot study and during the final workshop, examining both intra- and inter-rater errors for measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 98 elderly from five different regions participated in the intra-rater error assessment, and 10 different seniors living in the city of Toledo (Spain) participated in the inter-rater assessment. We examined both intra- and inter-rater errors for heights and circumferences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For height, intra-rater technical errors of measurement (TEMs) were smaller than 0.25 cm. For circumferences and knee height, TEMs were smaller than 1 cm, except for waist circumference in the city of Cáceres. Reliability for heights and circumferences was greater than 98% in all cases. Inter-rater TEMs were 0.61 cm for height, 0.75 cm for knee-height and ranged between 2.70 and 3.09 cm for the circumferences measured. Inter-rater reliabilities for anthropometric measurements were always higher than 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The harmonization process, including the workshop and pilot study, guarantee the quality of the anthropometric measurements in the elderly EXERNET multi-centre study. High reliability and low TEM may be expected when assessing anthropometry in elderly population.
authors.affiliation: GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Cabello
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Marroyo
authors.forename: Pedro R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Narcis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gusi
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aznar
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gross
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casajús
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results