title: The guanine-quadruplex structure in the human c-myc gene's promoter is converted into B-DNA form by the human poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1.
abstract: The important regulatory role of the guanine-quadruplex (GQ) structure, present in the nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) III(1) region of the human c-myc (h c-myc) gene's promoter, in the regulation of the transcription of that gene has been documented. Here we present evidences, that the human nuclear poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (h PARP-1) protein participates in the regulation of the h c-myc gene expression through its interaction with this GQ structure, characterized by binding assays, fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) experiments and by affinity pull-down experiments in vitro, and by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR analysis and h c-myc-promoter-luciferase reporter determinations in vivo. We surmise that h PARP-1 binds to the GQ structure and participates in the conversion of that structure into the transcriptionally more active B-DNA form. The first Zn-finger structure present in h PARP-1 participates in this interaction. PARP-1 might be a new member of the group of proteins participating in the regulation of transcription through their interactions with GQ structures present in the promoters of different genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fekete
authors.forename: Erzsebet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kenesi
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hunyadi-Gulyas
authors.forename: Hajnalka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Durgo
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berko
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Dunai
authors.forename: Pal I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D059371:DNA, B-Form / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics*; D013696:Temperature; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D059371:DNA, B-Form; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D008156:Luciferases; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases