title: Hip fractures in Norway 1999-2008: time trends in total incidence and second hip fracture rates: a NOREPOS study.
abstract: Declining incidences of hip fractures are reported from western countries. Norway has among the highest rates in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in total hip fracture rates in Norway between 1999 and 2008 and risk of second hip fractures. All hospitalizations given a hip fracture diagnosis code (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 or ICD 10) (cervical, trochanteric or subtrochanteric) in Norwegian hospitals were retrieved with accompanying surgical procedure codes and additional diagnoses. A total of 93,123 hip fractures were identified between 1999 and 2008 in persons ≥50 years. Annual incidences of hip fractures were calculated and tested for trends. Rates of first and second hip fractures (2006-2008) were compared. The age-standardized total incidence of hip fracture decreased by 13.4 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 11.0-15.6) in women and 4.8 % (95 % CI: 0.7, 8.7) in men. Age-adjusted rates of second hip fractures did not change in the observation period. In those with a prior hip fracture, the age-standardized risk of a subsequent hip fracture was 2.5-fold (95 % CI: 2.5, 2.6) in women, and 4.6-fold (95 % CI: 4.5, 4.7) in men. Total hip fracture rates declined in both genders during 1999-2008, whereas rates of second hip fractures did not change.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. Tone.Kristin.Omsland@fhi.no
authors.forename: Tone K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Omsland
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holvik
authors.forename: Haakon E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Jacqueline R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Center
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Emaus
authors.forename: Grethe S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Tell
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schei
authors.forename: Aage
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tverdal
authors.forename: Clara G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gjesdal
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grimnes
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forsmo
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eisman
authors.forename: Anne Johanne
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Søgaard
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors