title: A two-year follow-up study of risk of depression according to work-unit measures of psychological demands         and decision latitude.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine if high psychological demands and low decision latitude at         work increase the risk of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2007, 4237 non-depressed Danish public employees within 378 different         work units were enrolled in the study. Mean levels of psychological demands and decision latitude were computed for         each work unit to obtain exposure measures that were robust to reporting bias. In 2009, 3046 (72%) participated at         follow-up, and those reporting high levels of depressive, burnout or stress symptoms went through a psychiatric         interview by which 58 cases of new onset depression were diagnosed. Odds ratios (OR) of depression for different levels         of work unit mean psychological demands and decision latitude were estimated by logistic regression taking established         risk factors into account.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OR for depression according to psychological demands was 1.07 [95% confidence         interval (95% CI) 0.42-2.49] for every unit of change on a 5-point scale. The corresponding OR for decision         latitude was 1.85 (95% CI 0.55-6.26). No interactive effects of psychological demands and decision latitude were         observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that low decision latitude may predict depression, but confidence         intervals are wide and findings are also compatible with no increased risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44 byg. 2C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. matigryn@rm.dk
authors.forename: Matias Brødsgaard
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grynderup
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mors
authors.forename: Åse Marie
authors.initials: ÅM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Johan Hviid
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kærgaard
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kærlev
authors.forename: Sigurd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rugulies
authors.forename: Jane Frølund
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Henrik Albert
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kolstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological