title: Interaction between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the effect of physical exercise on clinical and inflammatory parameters in older women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aging is associated with chronic low-grade inflammatory activity with an elevation of cytokine levels. An association between regular physical activity and reduction of blood levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines is demonstrated in the literature pointing to an anti-inflammatory effect related to exercise. However, there is no consensus regarding which type of exercise and which parameters are the most appropriate to influence inflammatory markers. Evidence indicates that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can influence the synthesis of those cytokines affecting their production.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design of this study is a randomized controlled trial. The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between the cytokine genes SNP and the effect of physical activity on older women. The main outcomes are: serum levels of sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, measured by the ELISA method; genotyping of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF)-alpha (rs1800629), IL6 (rs1800795), IL10 (rs1800896) by the TaqMan Method (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA); and physical performance assessed by Timed Up and Go and 10-Meter Walk Tests. Secondary outcomes include: Geriatric Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scaleand aerobic capacity, assessed by the six-minute walk; and lower limb muscle strength, using an isokinetic dinamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., Shirley, NY,USA). Both exercise protocols will be performed three times a week for 10 weeks, 30 sessions in total.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigating the interaction between genetic factors and exercise effects of both protocols of exercise on the levels of inflammatory cytokine levels can contribute to guide clinical practice related to treatment and prevention of functional changes due to chronic inflammatory activity in older adults. This approach could develop new perspectives on preventive and treatment proposals in physical therapy and in the management of the older patient.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  (ReBEC) RBR9v9cwf.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Bárbara Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Elvis C C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Assumpção
authors.forename: Diogo C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Felício
authors.forename: Aline S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Daniela M C
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Anjos
authors.forename: Fabianna
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jesus-Moraleida
authors.forename: Rosângela C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Danielle A G
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Antônio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Leani S M
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood; D012107:Research Design; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; C506235:TNFRSF1A protein, human; C415902:TNFRSF1B protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10