title: Deproteinized natural rubber film forming polymeric solutions for nicotine transdermal delivery.
abstract: Film forming polymeric solutions were prepared from DNRL blended with MC, PVA, or SAG, together with dibutylphthalate or glycerine used as plasticizers. These formulations were easily prepared by simple mixing. In a preliminary step, in situ films were prepared by solvent evaporation in a Petri-dish. Their mechanical and physicochemical properties were determined. The in vitro release and skin permeation of nicotine dissolved in these blended polymers were investigated by a modified Franz diffusion cell. The formulations had a white milky appearance, and were homogeneous and smooth in texture. Their pH was suitable for usage in skin contact. The mechanical property of in situ films depended on the ingredients but all compatible films were in an amorphous phase. The DNRL/PVA was shown to be the most suitable mixture to form completed films. The in vitro release and skin permeation studies demonstrated a biphasic release that provided an initial rapid release followed by a constant release rate that fitted the Higuchi's model. Nicotine loaded DNRL/PVA series were selected for the stability test for 3 months. These formulations needed to be kept at 4°C in tight fitting containers. In conclusion, film forming polymeric solutions could be developed for transdermal nicotine delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. wiwat.p@psu.ac.th
authors.forename: Wiwat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pichayakorn
authors.forename: Jirapornchai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suksaeree
authors.forename: Prapaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boonme
authors.forename: Thanaporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amnuaikit
authors.forename: Wirach
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Taweepreda
authors.forename: Garnpimol C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ritthidej
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D012408:Rubber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D009538:Nicotine; D012408:Rubber