title: Dissemination of the nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care in six Trinity community hospitals: study protocol for a comparative effectiveness trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this smoking cessation study among hospitalized smokers are to: 1) determine provider and patient receptivity, barriers, and facilitators to implementing the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care using face-to-face feedback and surveys; 2) compare the effectiveness of the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention versus usual care across hospitals, units, and patient characteristics using thirty-day point prevalence abstinence at thirty days and six months (primary outcome) post-recruitment; and 3) determine the cost-effectiveness of the nurse-administered, inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention relative to usual care including cost per quitter, cost per life-year saved, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.
  
  
  METHODS
  This effectiveness study will be a quasi-experimental design of six Michigan community hospitals of which three will get the nurse-administered Tobacco Tactics intervention and three will provide their usual care. In both the intervention and usual care sites, research assistants will collect data from patients on their smoking habits and related variables while in the hospital and at thirty days and six months post-recruitment. The intervention will be integrated into the experimental sites by a research nurse who will train Master Trainers at each intervention site. The Master Trainers, in turn, will teach the intervention to all staff nurses. Research nurses will also conduct formative evaluation with nurses to identify barriers and facilitators to dissemination.Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the results of surveys administered to nurses, nurses' participation rates, smokers' receipt of specific cessation services, and satisfaction with services. General estimating equation analyses will be used to determine differences between intervention groups on satisfaction and quit rates, respectively, with adjustment for the clustering of patients within hospital units. Regression analyses will test the moderation of the effects of the interventions by patient characteristics. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed by constructing three ratios including cost per quitter, cost per life-year saved, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that nurses represent the largest group of front-line providers, this intervention, if proven effective, has the potential for having a wide reach and thus decrease smoking, morbidity and mortality among inpatient smokers.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dissemination of Tobacco Tactics for Hospitalized Smokers NCT01309217.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482, USA. bump@umich.edu
authors.forename: Sonia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ronis
authors.forename: Marita G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Titler
authors.forename: Frederic C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Blow
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Gay L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Landstrom
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: Andrea H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Waltje
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003376:Counseling; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*