title: Establishment of a proper manual tactile test for hands with sensory deficits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (1) develop the Manual Tactile Test (MTT) for evaluating the hand perception to distinguish objects' characteristics; (2) establish the reliability and validity of the MTT for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS); and (3) integrate a normative database into the test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort and case-control studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital and local community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included patients with CTS (n=70) and healthy volunteers (n=125). Twenty young volunteers were enrolled to evaluate the reliability of the test. Seventy patients with CTS and 70 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited to establish the discriminate validity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the MTT. A normative database was constructed from 125 healthy, right-handed participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MTT was designed to discriminate the characteristics of the objects' weight (barognosis test), texture (roughness differentiation test), and shape (stereognosis test) via active hand exploration. The times required discriminating the characteristics of objects and the accuracy of judgment were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High Cronbach alpha values (.83-.91) and small coefficient of variation (.10-.16) values showed that the MTT is a reliable testing tool. The results significantly discriminated the patients from the control group (P<.001). The sensitivity and specificity were .64 to .81 and .73 to .76, respectively, for the 3 subtests. The ROC curve area for the 3 subtests ranged from .70 to .84. The results of the MTT obtained from 125 healthy subjects showed that age significantly affects hand perceptive function (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTT is a reliable, accurate, and valid tool for determining the impairment of manual touch sensibility for CTS and can help clinicians understand age-related degradation in sensorimotor control of the hand in the elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Li-Chieh
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: I-Ming
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jou
authors.forename: Shu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Haw-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Fong-Chin
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055698:Touch Perception