title: Effects of surface potential on growth of ZnO nanorod arrays investigated by electric force microscopy.
abstract: The electric and Kelvin force probe microscopy were used to investigate the surface potentials on the ZnO seed layer, which shows a remarkable dependence on the annealing temperature. The optimum temperature for the growth of nanorod arrays normal to the surface was found to be at 600 degrees C, which is in the range of right surface potentials and energy measured between 500 degrees C and 700 degrees C. We demonstrated from both electric and Kelvin force probe microscopy studies that surface potential controls the growth of ZnO nanorods, illustrating the fact that this is a promising technique to visualize the control of ZnO nanorod arrays by studying their surface potentials. This study will provide important understanding of growth of other nanostructures.
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, VA 23504, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mundle
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahoura
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pradhan