title: Can mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase mediate hypoxic vasodilation via nitric oxide metabolism?
abstract: The brain responds to hypoxia with an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Many mechanisms have been proposed for this hypoxic vasodilation, but none has gained universal acceptance. Although there is some disagreement about the shape of the relationship between arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO(2)) and CBF, it is generally agreed that CBF does not increase until the PaO(2) reaches a threshold value. We used a previously published computational model of brain oxygen transport and metabolism (BRAINSIGNALS) to test possible molecular mechanisms for such a threshold phenomenon. One suggestion has been that a decrease in the metabolism of nitric oxide by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) at low PaO(2) could be responsible for raising NO levels and the consequent triggering of the hypoxic blood flow increase. We tested the plausibility of this mechanism using the known rate constants for NO interactions with CCO. We showed that the shape of the CBF-PaO(2) curve could indeed by reproduced, but only if NO production by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase had a very low Michaelis constant K               (m) for oxygen. Even then, in the current version of BRAINSIGNALS the NO-induced CBF rise occurs at much lower PaO(2) than is consistent with the in vivo data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK. zrong@essex.ac.uk.|Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. zrong@essex.ac.uk.|University of Essex, 23 Sydney Road, Ilford, Essex, IG6 2ED, UK. zrong@essex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Zimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.|Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Murad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.|Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.|Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Chris E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D010100:Oxygen