title: Abuse and neglect of older persons in seven cities in seven countries in Europe: a cross-sectional community study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial, neglect) of older persons (AO) in seven cities from seven countries in Europe (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, Sweden), and to assess factors potentially associated with AO.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 (n = 4,467, aged 60-84). Potentially associated factors were grouped into domains (domain 1: age, gender, migration history; domain 2: education, occupation; domain 3: marital status, living situation; domain 4: habitation, income, financial strain). We calculated odds ratios (OR) with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychological AO was the most common form of AO, ranging from 10.4 % (95 % CI 8.1-13.0) in Italy to 29.7 % (95 % CI 26.2-33.5) in Sweden. Second most common form was financial AO, ranging from 1.8 % (95 % CI 0.9-3.2) in Sweden to 7.8 % (95 % CI 5.8-10.1) in Portugal. Less common was physical AO, ranging from 1.0 % (95 % CI 0.4-2.1) in Italy to 4.0 % (95 % CI 2.6-5.8 %) in Sweden. Sexual AO was least common, ranging from 0.3 (95 % CI 0.0-1.1) in Italy and Spain to 1.5 % (95 % CI 0.7-2.8) in Greece. Being from Germany (AOR 3.25, 95 % CI 2.34-4.51), Sweden (OR 3.16, 95 % CI 2.28-4.39) or Lithuania (AOR 2.45, 95 % CI 1.75-3.43) was associated with increased prevalence rates of AO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Country of residence of older people is independent from the four assessed domains associated with AO. Life course perspectives on AO are highly needed to get better insight, and to develop and implement prevention strategies targeted at decreasing prevalence rates of AO.
authors.affiliation: Protestant University of Applied Sciences Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany. mail@jlindert.de
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindert
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Luna
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torres-Gonzales
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ioannidi-Kopolou
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Melchiorre
authors.forename: Mindaugas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stankunas
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macassa
authors.forename: Joaquim F J
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004552:Elder Abuse / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008097:Lithuania; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011174:Portugal; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013030:Spain; D013548:Sweden