title: Common laboratory tests predict imminent death in ward patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the ability of commonly measured laboratory variables to predict an imminent (within the same or next calendar day) death in ward patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university affiliated hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort of 42,701 patients admitted for more than 24 hours and external validation cohort of 13,137 patients admitted for more than 24 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  We linked commonly measured laboratory tests with event databases and assessed the ability of each laboratory variable or combination of variables together with patient age to predict imminent death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the inception teaching hospital, we studied 418,897 batches of tests in 42,701 patients (males 55%; average age 65.8 ± 17.6 years), for a total of >2.5 million individual measurements. Among these patients, there were 1596 deaths. Multivariable logistic modelling achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.89) for the prediction of imminent death. Using an additional 105,074 batches from a cohort of 13,137 patients from a second teaching hospital, the multivariate model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Commonly performed laboratory tests can help predict imminent death in ward patients. Prospective investigations of the clinical utility of such predictions appear justified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loekito
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Graeme K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilcher
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D057209:Hospital Rapid Response Team; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology