title: Decreased expression of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 is an unfavorable prognostic marker in patients with primary gallbladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (CHD5) plays a role in normal neural development and in tumorigenesis of various human cancers. However, its role in primary gallbladder carcinoma (PGC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate CHD5 expression in PGC and its clinical significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  CHD5 mRNA and protein expression in 120 PGC and 20 normal gallbladder specimens was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression levels of CHD5 mRNA and protein in PGC tissues were both significantly lower than those in the normal epithelium of the gallbladder (mRNA: P = 0.006; protein: P = 0.01). CHD5 mRNA expression was closely correlated with its protein expression (r = 0.8; P < 0.001). Additionally, the low expression of CHD5 protein was significantly associated with high pathologic T stage (P = 0.01) and clinical stage (P = 0.008), and advanced histologic grade (P = 0.009). The expression levels of CHD5 protein in PGC tissues with positive nodal metastasis were also significantly lower than those without (P = 0.01). Survival analysis showed that low CHD5 expression was associated with shorter disease-free (P = 0.01) and overall survival (P = 0.008) compared to those with high CHD5 expression in PGC patients. Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed that the decreased expression of CHD5 was an independent prognostic marker for both unfavorable disease-free (P = 0.01) and overall survival (P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHD5 may be involved in carcinogenesis of PGC and its down-regulation may be significantly correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic features including poor overall and disease-free survival in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. du.xilintd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Nuan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Huadong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shengzhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004265:DNA Helicases; C471926:CHD5 protein, human