title: ELISA with recombinant rKRP42 antigen using urine samples: a tool for predicting clinical visceral leishmaniasis cases and its outbreak.
abstract: We reported a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects immunoglobulin G (IgG) in urine using rKRP42 antigen for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The ELISA was applied to study chronological change in antibody titers in five study areas in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A total of 585 subjects without a past VL history were examined at least three times in the 30-month follow-up period; of these subjects, 137 (23.4%) subjects became ELISA-positive at least one time during the study. Among the positive cases, 40 (29.2%) subjects developed clinical VL, and 31 (77.5%) of these subjects showed IgG titers of ≥ 1,000 U more than one time in the study period. Considering only the first ELISA results, 22 subjects with IgG titers of ≥ 1,000 U could be found, and 21 (95.5%) of these subjects turned out to be clinical cases. The high urinary IgG titers (≥ 1,000 U) will help predict possible clinical VL cases and thus, identify an outbreak in its earlier stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. islammz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohammad Zahidul
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Md Anwar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ul Islam
authors.forename: A R M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Saifuddin Ekram
authors.forename: Md Ajijur
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Atsuhide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takesue
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000652:urine; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011994:Recombinant Proteins