title: Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses.
abstract: Colletotrichum species are fungal pathogens that devastate crop plants worldwide. Host infection involves the differentiation of specialized cell types that are associated with penetration, growth inside living host cells (biotrophy) and tissue destruction (necrotrophy). We report here genome and transcriptome analyses of Colletotrichum higginsianum infecting Arabidopsis thaliana and Colletotrichum graminicola infecting maize. Comparative genomics showed that both fungi have large sets of pathogenicity-related genes, but families of genes encoding secreted effectors, pectin-degrading enzymes, secondary metabolism enzymes, transporters and peptidases are expanded in C. higginsianum. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that these genes are transcribed in successive waves that are linked to pathogenic transitions: effectors and secondary metabolism enzymes are induced before penetration and during biotrophy, whereas most hydrolases and transporters are upregulated later, at the switch to necrotrophy. Our findings show that preinvasion perception of plant-derived signals substantially reprograms fungal gene expression and indicate previously unknown functions for particular fungal cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany. oconnel@mpipz.mpg.de
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Thon
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hacquard
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Amyotte
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: Maria F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.forename: Ester A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Buiate
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altmüller
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Balderrama
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bauser
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Birren
authors.forename: Zehua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jaeyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jo Anne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Duvick
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farman
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heiman
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henrissat
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kabbage
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kracher
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Audrey D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Marc-Henri
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lebrun
authors.forename: Yong-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Itay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyara
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Panaccione
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panstruga
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Place
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prusky
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rech
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rollins
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rounsley
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schardl
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Narmada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirasu
authors.forename: Usha R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Sikhakolli
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stüber
authors.forename: Serenella A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sukno
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sweigard
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trail
authors.forename: H Charlotte
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van der Does
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Voll
authors.forename: Isa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Qiandong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Jingze
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shiguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dickman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulze-Lefert
authors.forename: Emiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ver Loren van Themaat
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Vaillancourt
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000382:microbiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008954:Models, Biological; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics