title: Efficacy of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin against Caparinia tripilis in African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy and safety of a combination formulation of 10% imidacloprid + 1.0% moxidectin spot-on (Advocate® for Cats, Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany) was tested in 40 African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) naturally infested with Caparinia tripilis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The optimal dosage level of the combination for hedgehogs was determined by assigning 20 hedgehogs into three treatment groups (0.1, 0.4 and 1.6 ml/Kg b.w.), and one untreated control group of 5 hedgehogs each. Twenty naturally infested hedgehogs were then randomly assigned to either treatment or control group with 10 animals each, and the number of live mites was counted from 13 body regions on day 0, 3, 9, 16, and 30 after single treatment at the dosage level of 0.1 ml/Kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the chemotherapy, the highest density of mite was observed in external ear canals followed by the dorsal and the lowest in the ventral regions of the body surface. The dosage level of 0.1 ml/Kg, which corresponded to the recommended dosage level for cats, containing 10 mg imidacloprid and 1 mg moxidectin was also the optimal dosage level for hedgehogs. No hedgehogs in the treatment group showed live mites from day 3 post treatment. Side effects such as ataxia, depression, nausea, and weight fluctuation were not observed during the whole period of study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report suggests that a combination formulation of 0.1 ml/Kg of 10% imidacloprid + 1% moxidectin spot-on for cats is also useful for the control of Caparinia tripilis infestation in hedgehogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Rim
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Dae-Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sung-Shik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006364:Hedgehogs; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D040042:Psoroptidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; C027837:moxidectin