title: [Amsler grid and visual field on screening for chloroquine retinopathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the modified Amsler grid to the Humphrey(®) 10-2 red visual field in chloroquine users for the detection of early maculopathy, and to correlate with the risk variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 116 eyes of 58 patients followed at the Department of Ophthalmology of Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, from April, 2006 to April, 2008. All users had normal fundus and more than 2 years of chloroquine therapy. Their clinical data were evaluated and they underwent visual acuity examination, fundus biomicroscopy, visual field and Amsler grid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of early maculopathy was 7 to 10%, depending on the examination considered. The agreement between the Amsler grid and visual field was low. There was statistical significance with the use of high daily dose, elevated cumulative dose and low visual acuity in patients whose eyes had both abnormal tests; patient age and duration of treatment did not show good correlation in these cases, but their averages (67.4 years and 8.4 years, respectively) were within the range of high risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that Amsler can be useful in complementing the information on the visual field for chloroquine retinopathy periodic screening, especially for those patients who present high risk factors well established, selecting better candidates for objective tests, such as HD OCT and mfERG.
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Brasil. brunomadalena@ig.com.br
authors.forename: Bruno Vargas
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Madalena
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Pedro Durães
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Serracarbassa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000633:toxicity*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000633:toxicity*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine