title: Stimulation of sub-sonic vibration promotes the differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AT-MSCs) have been proposed as a new source for nervous tissue damage due to their capacity of neural differentiation potential including neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that sub-sonic vibration (SSV) is an effective cell differentiation method but there have been no studies on the effect of SSV about AT-MSC differentiation into neural-like cells in vitro. Therefore, we examined the effect of SSV on AT-MSCs to investigate the differentiation potential of neural-like cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the changes in AT-MSCs by SSV during 4 days at 10, 20, 30 and 40 Hz (1.0 V). After stimulation, they were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistological analysis using neural cell type-specific genes and antibodies. Further, to confirm the neural differentiation, we investigated adipogenic genes for RT-PCR analysis. For a mechanism study, we analyzed activation levels in time course of ERK phosphorylation after SSV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4-day SSV exposure, we observed morphological changes of AT-MSCs. Further, SSV induced gene/protein levels of neural markers while inhibiting adipogenesis and they were mainly upregulated at 30 Hz. In addition, phosphorylated ERK level was increased in a time-dependent manner upon 30 Hz SSV for 6h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that SSV affects AT-MSCs differentiation potential and 30 Hz SSV affected neural differentiation on AT-MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-273, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Kyong
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Young-Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hee-Hoon
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jung-Keug
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases