title: The effect of music on 10-km cycle time-trial performance.
abstract: Music is widely used as an ergogenic aid in sport, but there is little evidence of its effectiveness during closed-loop athletic events. In order to determine the effectiveness of music as an ergogenic aid, well-trained and task-habituated cyclists performed 10-km cycle time trials either while listening to self-selected motivational music or with auditory input blocked. There were no statistically significant differences in performance time or physiological or psychological markers related to music (time-trial duration17.75 ± 2.10 vs 17.81 ± 2.06 min, mean power output 222 ± 66 vs 220 ± 65 W, peak heart rate184 ± 9 vs 183 ± 8 beats/min, peak blood lactate12.1 ± 2.6 vs 11.9 ± 2.1 mmol/L, and final rating of perceived exertion 8.4 ± 1.5 vs 8.5 ± 1.6). It is concluded that during exercise at competitive intensity, there is no meaningful effect of music on either performance or physiology.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Marroyo
authors.forename: Jos J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: de Koning
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mikat
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Porcari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D016552:Ergometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009146:Music; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*