title: Impact of endotoxin exposure after exhausting exercise on the immune system in solid organ transplant recipients.
abstract: Subsequent to prolonged exhausting exercise a transient immunosuppression is often observed in athletes. This so-called "open window" results in a reduced resistance of the athletes to viral and bacterial infections after an exhaustive exercise bout. Concerning the effect of bacterial endotoxin contact after exhausting exercise in transplant recipients, who are innately immunosuppressed by their medication, no data exists at present. After performing 81 km cycling, including ascending more than 1800 m in altitude, peripheral blood from 10 male kidney transplant recipients and from 10 healthy controls matched for age and gender was obtained. Simulating contact of the athletes with a pathogen post-exercise, the blood samples were incubated with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Thereafter microarray analysis was performed. Microarray analysis revealed a markedly oppositional pattern of gene expression in transplant recipients compared with their controls after LPS incubation. Especially immune response genes were significantly over-represented in controls immediately after the exhaustive exercise bout with LPS stimulation, whereas numerous apoptotic genes were over-represented in transplant recipients. Merging our previous data with these recent findings it should be discussed if transplant recipients need to reduce their immunosuppressive medication before performing exhaustive exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Königsrainer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löffler
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bühler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schafbuch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beckert
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glatzle
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Hinnak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Northoff
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadalin
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Königsrainer
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zieker
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D056352:Athletes; D001642:Bicycling; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000276:immunology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides