title: Spanking and child development during the first 5 years of life.
abstract: Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N=3,870) and cross-lagged path analysis, the authors examined whether spanking at ages 1 and 3 is adversely associated with cognitive skills and behavior problems at ages 3 and 5. The authors found spanking at age 1 was associated with a higher level of spanking and externalizing behavior at age 3, and spanking at age 3 was associated with a higher level of internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 5. The associations between spanking at age 1 and behavioral problems at age 5 operated predominantly through ongoing spanking at age 3. The authors did not find an association between spanking at age 1 and cognitive skills at age 3 or 5.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. kmaguire@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maguire-Jack
authors.forename: Andrea N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Gromoske
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000209:etiology; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*