title: A qualitative approach to examine women's experience of planned cesarean.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate women's expectations regarding cesarean and to assess the subjective experience of birth of these women. Because the birth experience is a multidimensional phenomenon, qualitative as well as quantitative approaches were used to investigate women's expectations and experiences with cesarean.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of an Austrian medical university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight women with a planned cesarean birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured interviews were conducted with the 48 women before (36(th)  week of gestation) the planned cesarean and shortly thereafter. Data were analyzed by means of a qualitative content analysis. Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were assessed using standardized questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than three fourths (81.3%) of the women were satisfied with the cesarean. Nevertheless, 83.3% of the women expressed anxiety about cesarean, including fears about the health of the infant, the epidural anesthesia, and possible complications. Before the cesarean, only one half of the women (54.2%) felt that they had been sufficiently informed about the planned cesarean, and only 25% had detailed knowledge about the specific course of events of the cesarean. Quantitative assessment showed low depression levels and overall psychological distress before and after the cesarean. State anxiety levels were high before the cesarean and moderate afterwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the overall satisfaction and psychological tolerability of a planned cesarean is high, improvement is possible by providing more detailed information to the prospective mothers and by specifically addressing prevalent anxieties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blüml
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stammler-Safar
authors.forename: Agnes K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Reitinger
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Resch
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naderer
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leithner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001317:Austria; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires