title: Comparative diagnostic efficacy of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver malignancy in Nigeria. Hepatitis B and C viruses, alcohol and Aflatoxin B are among the various aetiologies. More work needs to be done in the search for markers that will aid early detection of this condition as it is uniformly fatal once advanced. Alphafetoprotein (AFP) remains the most widely used tumour marker of HCC detection in spite of its known shortcomings. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) , in comparison to alphafetoprotein in the detection of HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with HCC and thirty apparently healthy controls attending the Medical Outpatient Department(MOPD) of the University College Hospital Ibadan(UCH) Nigeria were selected for the study. Questionnaire was used to collect clinical data while AFP, SCCA levels, serum HBsAg and anti-HCV were determined using ELISA method- (Diagnostic Automation Inc. Canada). Abdominal ultrasound scan was also done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty one (51.7%) out of 60 selected cases were positive for HBsAg while six (20%) out of 30 controls were positive for HBsAg(p = 0.004). Out of the 60 cases selected for this study, only 2 (3.3.%) cases were positive for hepatitis C virus, while only 1(3.3%) out of 30 control was positive for hepatitis C virus(p = 0.74).The mean AFP value for cases with HCC was 393.21 ng/ml ±386.97 compared to the control group which was 5.60 ± 13.03 ng/ml (p value 0.001). The mean SCCA level was 0.64 ± 0.56 ng/ml and 0.71 ± 0.65 ng/ml for cases and controls respectively (p = 0.631).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alphafetoprotein remains a good tumour marker for the diagnosis of HCC. Serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCA) has no discriminatory power and may not be useful as a tumour marker for Nigerians with hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. soyems2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Olufemi Michael
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Soyemi
authors.forename: Jesse Abiodun
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Otegbayo
authors.forename: Samuel Olawale
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ola
authors.forename: Adegboyega
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akere
authors.forename: Temitope
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soyemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015843:Serpins; C051072:squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen