title: Pressure ulcers in cervical  spine immobilisation:  a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of pressure ulceration in patients treated with cervical spine immobilisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case note analysis was conducted of all patients presenting with cervical spine injuries, who were treated with cervical spine immobilisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety consecutive patients were analysed retrospectively. Multiple level injuries were the most common reported injury and mean time until definitive treatment was 7.4 days. Halo immobilisation was used most frequently, with the mean time in halo vest immobilisation being 74 days. One patient was reported to have a pressure ulcer to the scapula relating to the use of halo immobilisation. No pressure ulcers were reported in patients immobilised with the use of cervical collar or occipito-cervico-thoracic immobilisation devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cervical spine immobilisation have an increased risk of developing pressure ulcers. All patients with cervical immobilisation devices require close monitoring to monitor the risk of developing pressure ulcers as well as the overall management of the medical condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. Jennie.Walker@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology