title: The expression of estrogen receptors as well as GREB1, c-MYC, and cyclin D1, estrogen-regulated genes implicated in proliferation, is increased in peritoneal endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the expression of estrogen receptors α and β as well as their target genes implicated in proliferation, c-myc, cyclin D1, and GREB1, in the endometrium of women with or without endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression analysis in human tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospitals and a clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one premenopausal women (59 patients with endometriosis and 32 controls) undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsies were obtained at time of surgery, performed during the proliferative phase of the cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estrogen receptors α and β as well as c-myc, cyclin D1, and GREB1 mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Tissue localization of these estrogen-regulated genes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estrogen receptors α and β as well as c-myc, cyclin D1, and GREB1 mRNA expression levels were increased in ectopic tissue in comparison with both normal and eutopic endometrium. Estrogen receptor mRNA levels also were upregulated in the eutopic peritoneal tissue of patients with endometriosis. Cyclin D1 and GREB1 expression was augmented in eutopic endometrium. c-myc, cyclin D1, and GREB1 proteins exhibited a nuclear localization in ectopic endometrial tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This constitutes the first report of increased expression of GREB1, as well as cyclin D1 and c-myc, in peritoneal endometriotic lesions, implicating these proteins in estrogen-dependent growth in this context.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: Chahin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Achtari
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chardonnens
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wunder
authors.forename: Maryse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiche
authors.forename: Geraldine O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Canny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002828:Choristoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004717:Endometrium; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013557:Switzerland; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; C416830:GREB1 protein, human; C489427:MYC protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019938:Cyclin D1