title: Frequency of edema in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving ambrisentan.
abstract: Edema is a common side effect of endothelin receptor antagonists. Ambrisentan is an endothelin type A-selective endothelin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. We examined the clinical outcomes of patients who developed edema with and without ambrisentan treatment in 2 phase III, randomized placebo-controlled trials, ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2 (ARIES-1 and ARIES-2) (n = 393). Edema-related adverse events were extracted using broad adverse event search terms. The present post hoc analysis included 132 placebo patients and 261 ambrisentan patients. Of these patients, 14% of the placebo patients and 23% of the ambrisentan patients experienced edema-related adverse events. Overall, the patients who experienced edema tended to have a worse baseline World Health Organization (WHO) functional class (edema 76%, WHO functional class III-IV; no edema 56%, WHO functional class III-IV). In the ambrisentan patients, those with edema were older (mean age 58 ± 13 years) and heavier (mean weight 75 ± 19 kg) than those without edema (mean age 49 ± 15 years; mean weight 70 ± 17 kg). At week 12 of treatment, the ambrisentan patients had significantly increased their 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) by 34.4 m compared to the placebo patients in whom the 6MWD had deteriorated by -9.0 m (p <0.001). Among the ambrisentan patients, those without edema had a 6MWD increase of 38.9 m and those with edema had a 6MWD increase of 19.4 m. Ambrisentan significantly improved the brain natriuretic peptide levels by -34% compared to the brain natriuretic peptide levels in the placebo group that had worsened by +11% (p <0.001). Ambrisentan reduced the brain natriuretic peptide concentrations similarly in patients with and without edema. In conclusion, the present subanalysis of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension has revealed that ambrisentan therapy provides clinical benefit compared to placebo, even in the presence of edema.
authors.affiliation: West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, David Geffen University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. Sshapiro@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Hunter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Henig
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anglen
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kohan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D065627:Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011724:Pyridazines; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; C467894:ambrisentan