title: Effects of raloxifene on lipid and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Evidence suggests that bone quality is poorer and fracture risk is higher in patients with diabetes, even those with normal bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of raloxifene on lipid, bone, and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. The study subjects (144 postmenopausal women aged less than 80 years with type 2 diabetes) were randomly assigned into three groups: no medication, alfacalcidol 1 μg/day, or raloxifene hydrochloride 60 mg/day. The primary endpoint was the change in LDL-C at 6 months. Raloxifene significantly decreased the levels of bone metabolism markers NTX and BAP at 6 months in patients with diabetes. The primary endpoint, LDL-C at 6 months, was significantly lower in the raloxifene group than in the other two groups. However, percent changes in HDL-C were not significantly different among the three groups. Although glucose metabolism was unaffected, homocysteine, a bone quality marker, was significantly decreased at 6 months in the raloxifene group. The percent improvement in LDL-C did not correlate with percent improvement in any bone metabolism or bone quality markers. Raloxifene, unlike estrogen, improved LDL-C and decreased homocysteine, indicating that raloxifene can potentially improve LDL-C as well as bone quality in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishikawa
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inokuchi
authors.forename: Hidekatsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D006710:Homocysteine; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase