title: Association between intake of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages and preterm delivery: a large prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Artificially sweetened (AS) and sugar-sweetened (SS) beverages are commonly consumed during pregnancy. A recent Danish study reported that the daily intake of an AS beverage was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the intake of AS and SS beverages in pregnant women to replicate the Danish study and observe whether AS intake is indeed associated with preterm delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of 60,761 pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Intakes of carbonated and noncarbonated AS and SS beverages and use of artificial sweeteners in hot drinks were assessed by a self-reported food-frequency questionnaire in midpregnancy. Preterm delivery was the primary outcome, and data were obtained from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intakes of both AS and SS beverages increased with increasing BMI and energy intake and were higher in women with less education, in daily smokers, and in single women. A high intake of AS beverages was associated with preterm delivery; the adjusted OR for those drinking >1 serving/d was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.24). Drinking >1 serving of SS beverages per day was also associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45). The trend tests were positive for both beverage types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that a high intake of both AS and SS beverages is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. linda.englund-ogge@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Englund-Ögge
authors.forename: Anne Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brantsæter
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sengpiel
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khatibi
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Myhre
authors.forename: Solveig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Myking
authors.forename: Helle Margrete
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacerovsky
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nilsen
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012847:Single Person; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents