title: Management of nonesthesioneuroblastoma sinonasal malignancies with neuroendocrine differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Report the outcomes of patients with nonesthesioneuroblastoma (non-ENB) sinonasal malignancies with neuroendocrine differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single Institution Retrospective Case Series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective chart review of 19 biopsy-proven non-ENB sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas diagnosed between 1997 and 2010 and treated with multimodality therapy. Kaplan-Meier estimates of local-regional control (LRC), distant metastases-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-year LRC, FFDM, and OS rates were 63%, 50%, and 64%, respectively. All nine patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) had at least a pathologic partial response: three of seven sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas and two of two sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas had complete pathological responses. All five patients with pathologic complete responses were alive without disease at a median follow-up of 43 (29-67) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having a complete response pathologically to CRT was a favorable prognostic indicator. Neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery seems to be an efficacious sequence of multimodality therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zanation
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenman
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varia
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Funkhouser
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weissler
authors.forename: Bhishamjit S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome