title: The role of meta-topolins on the photosynthetic pigment profiles and foliar structures of micropropagated 'Williams' bananas.
abstract: The effect of five topolins (meta-Topolin=mT; meta-Topolin riboside=mTR; meta-Methoxy topolin=MemT; meta-Methoxy topolin riboside=MemTR and 6-(meta-methoxy)-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-topolin=MemTTHP) on the photosynthetic pigments and leaf structures of micropropagated 'Williams' bananas was compared with the commonly used benzyladenine (BA). Surface-decontaminated explants were cultured for 70 d on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and supplemented with 10, 20 or 30μM cytokinins (CKs). At 10 d intervals, the photosynthetic pigments were quantified via spectrophotometric methods for 7 cycles. Generally, the maximum pigment content was attained between 40 and 50 d. The control plantlets had the highest pigment content (1150μg/g FW). Among the CKs, 10μM MemTTHP generally had the best pigment stimulatory effect at the same period. After 40 d, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the foliar surface showed that the stomata density was highest in 10μM MemTTHP-treated and lowest in 10μM MemTR-treated plantlets. The stomatal structure and pore area also varied with the type and concentration of CK added. Generally, prolonging culture duration as well as increasing CK concentrations reduced the pigment content. However, the drastic breakdown in chlorophyll pigments beyond 50 d was slightly inhibited by the presence of mT, mTR, MemTTHP and BA compared to the control. The CK-treated plantlets at equimolar concentration had comparable chlorophyll a/b and total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratios after 10 d; probably as an adaptive measure. At the end of the current study, 10μM mT and mTR plantlets remained green as reflected by the higher total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio as well as by the visual observations. A well-developed photosynthetic apparatus enhances the survival of in vitro plantlets during the acclimatization stage. Current findings provide some insight into the role of meta-topolins on photosynthetic parameters in vitro, which inevitably partly contributed to the better acclimatization capability of meta-topolin-regenerants.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
authors.forename: Adeyemi O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Aremu
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bairu
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szüčová
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Finnie
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Staden
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028521:Musa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D003470:Culture Media; D003583:Cytokinins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids; C014328:2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid