title: Reducing effect of mangiferin on serum uric acid levels in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mangiferin, a natural bioactive xanthone C-glycoside, is widely present in medicinal plants like the leaf of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae). It has been reported that mangiferin possesses a variety of biological activities, including antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The hypouricemic effect and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitory activity of mangiferin were investigated here for the first time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hypouricemic effect of mangiferin was investigated in normal and hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate. Mangiferin at a dose of 0.75-100.0 mg/kg was given intragastrically to mice. The serum urate levels were determined using the phosphotungstic acid method. The hepatic activities of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) in hyperuricemic mice were assayed using commercially available kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that mangiferin at a dose of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg significantly reduced the serum urate levels (148.7 ± 37.8, 142.2 ± 44.5, 121.7 ± 21.7 µmmol/L) in hyperuricemic mice, compared with untreated hyperuricemic mice (201.8 ± 71.2 µmmol/L). However, mangiferin did not decrease the serum urate levels in normal mice until mangiferin was up to 100 mg/kg. In addition, the hepatic activities of XDH in hyperuricemic mice were significantly decreased by mangiferin, while no changes of XOD were observed. Acute toxicity study in mice showed that mangiferin was very safe at a dose of up to 25 g/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that mangiferin has the potential to be developed as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanfen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000188:drug therapy; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D044004:Xanthones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D044004:Xanthones; C013592:mangiferin; D014527:Uric Acid; C489337:potassium oxonate; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase