title: Characterization of the effects of reuptake and hydrolysis inhibition on interstitial endocannabinoid levels in the brain: an in vivo microdialysis study.
abstract: The present experiments employed in vivo microdialysis to characterize the effects of commonly used endocannabinoid clearance inhibitors on basal and depolarization-induced alterations in interstitial endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens of rat brain. Compounds targeting the putative endocannabinoid transporter and hydrolytic enzymes (FAAH and MAGL) were compared. The transporter inhibitor AM404 modestly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) levels but did not alter levels of N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamide (anandamide, AEA). The transport inhibitor UCM707 did not alter dialysate levels of either endocannabinoid. The FAAH inhibitors URB597 and PF-3845 robustly increased AEA levels during depolarization without altering 2-AG levels. The MAGL inhibitor URB602 significantly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in 2-AG, but did not alter AEA levels. In contrast, the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 did not alter 2-AG or AEA levels under any condition tested. Finally, the dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor JZL195 significantly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in both AEA and 2-AG levels. In contrast to the present observations in rats, prior work in mice has demonstrated a robust JZL184-induced enhancement of depolarization-induced increases in dialysate 2-AG. Thus, to further investigate species differences, additional tests with JZL184, PF-3845, and JZL195 were performed in mice. Consistent with prior reports, JZL184 significantly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in 2-AG without altering AEA levels. PF-3845 and JZL195 produced profiles in mouse dialysates comparable to those observed in rats. These findings confirm that interstitial endocannabinoid levels in the brain can be selectively manipulated by endocannabinoid clearance inhibitors. While PF-3845 and JZL195 produce similar effects in both rats and mice, substantial species differences in JZL184 efficacy are evident, which is consistent with previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30-2120, 10550 North Torrey PinesRoad, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiskerke
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Irimia
authors.forename: Benjamin F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Cravatt
authors.forename: Taco J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: De Vries
authors.forename: Anton N M
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Schoffelmeer
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pattij
authors.forename: Loren H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D052117:Benzodioxoles; D063388:Endocannabinoids; C534333:JZL 184; D010880:Piperidines