title: Graphene oxide used as a carrier for adriamycin can reverse drug resistance in breast cancer cells.
abstract: This study evaluates the reversal effects of graphene oxide (GO) used as a carrier for adriamycin (ADR) in cancer drug resistance, and provides a preliminary investigation into the reversal mechanism. ADR was loaded onto the GO surface (ADR-GO) by physical mixing and drug loading content was found to be high, up to 93.6%. In vitro releases of ADR from ADR-GO were studied using a dialysis method, and they exhibited a significant pH-sensitive property. Cell experiments showed that GO significantly enhanced the accumulation of ADR in MCF-7/ADR cells (an ADR resistant breast cancer cell line) and exhibited much higher cytotoxicity than free ADR, suggesting that ADR-GO could effectively reverse ADR resistance of MCF-7/ADR, with the reversal index reaching 8.35. Microscopy studies found that GO could effectively carry drug molecules into cells in both endocytosis-dependent and independent manners. In conclusion, use of GO as a carrier for chemotherapeutic agents is favorable for the treatment of drug resistant cancers.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yin-song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuan-yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin-rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006108:Graphite / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008853:Microscopy; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D004317:Doxorubicin