title: [Perioperative management of esophageal cancer patients with endocrine or metabolic disease].
abstract: Many esophageal cancer patients have endocrine or metabolic diseases, and surgeons should therefore learn to manage these conditions in the perioperative period. Mortality and morbidity rates are higher in patients with diabetes mellitus( DM) than patients without DM, because DM is a risk factor for conditions such as ischemic heart disease, chronic renal failure, and cerebrovascular disease. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia also increases susceptibility to infection and delays wound healing. Preoperative assessment of blood glucose control and comorbidities is important in patients with DM. Rapid-acting insulin is useful for controlling blood glucose levels in the perioperative period. In patients with thyroid disease, surgery is safest at a time when thyroid hormone levels are normalized. Patients with adrenocortical insufficiency need appropriate perioperative steroid therapy. Surgery for esophageal cancer should be undertaken when endocrine and metabolic diseases are well controlled. Strict perioperative management is required to prevent complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwano
mesh_terms: D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019990:Perioperative Care; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications*