title: Oral lichenoid contact lesions induced by areca nut and betel quid chewing: a mini review.
abstract: Betel quid (BQ) and areca nut chewing is widely prevalent in many parts of Asia and Asian-migrant communities throughout the world. Global reports estimate 600 million users. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity has been found for BQ and its main ingredient, areca nut. BQ areca nut users have an increased risk of potentially malignant disorders. Among chewers, BQ remains in contact with the oral mucosa for prolonged periods. This review examines the clinical and pathological aspects of lichenoid lesions caused by areca nut and BQ, a condition that has received little attention in the published literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warnakulasuriya
mesh_terms: D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008010:Lichen Planus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008409:Mastication; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence