title: Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) descriptive system (EQ-5D-5L) has been developed, but value sets based on preferences directly elicited from representative general population samples are not yet available. The objective of this study was to develop values sets for the EQ-5D-5L by means of a mapping ("crosswalk") approach to the currently available three-level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) values sets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L descriptive systems were coadministered to respondents with conditions of varying severity to ensure a broad range of levels of health across EQ-5D questionnaire dimensions. We explored four models to generate value sets for the EQ-5D-5L: linear regression, nonparametric statistics, ordered logistic regression, and item-response theory. Criteria for the preferred model included theoretical background, statistical fit, predictive power, and parsimony.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3691 respondents were included. All models had similar fit statistics. Predictive power was slightly better for the nonparametric and ordered logistic regression models. In considering all criteria, the nonparametric model was selected as most suitable for generating values for the EQ-5D-5L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nonparametric model was preferred for its simplicity while performing similarly to the other models. Being independent of the value set that is used, it can be applied to transform any EQ-5D-3L value set into EQ-5D-5L index values. Strengths of this approach include compatibility with three-level value sets. A limitation of any crosswalk is that the range of index values is restricted to the range of the EQ-5D-3L value sets.
authors.affiliation: University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Hout
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: You-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohlmann
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Busschbach
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golicki
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scalone
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kind
authors.forename: A Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pickard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011788:Quality of Life; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires