title: Physiological responses and endogenous cytokinin profiles of tissue-cultured 'Williams' bananas in relation to roscovitine and an inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (INCYDE) treatments.
abstract: The effect of supplementing either meta-topolin (mT) or N(6)-benzyladenine (BA) requiring cultures with roscovitine (6-benzylamino-2-[1(R)-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]amino-9-isopropylpurine), a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and N-glucosylation inhibitor, and INCYDE (2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine), an inhibitor of cytokinin (CK) degradation, on the endogenous CK profiles and physiology of banana in vitro was investigated. Growth parameters including multiplication rate and biomass were recorded after 42 days. Endogenous CK levels were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS while the photosynthetic pigment and phenolic contents were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The highest regeneration rate (93 %) was observed in BA + roscovitine while mT + INCYDE plantlets produced most shoots. Treatment with BA + roscovitine had the highest shoot length and biomass. Although not significant, there was a higher proanthocyanidin level in BA + roscovitine treatments compared to the control (BA). The levels of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in mT + roscovitine treatment than in the mT-treated regenerants. The presence of roscovitine and/or INCYDE had no significant effect on the photosynthetic pigments of the banana plantlets. Forty-seven aromatic and isoprenoid CKs categorized into nine CK-types were detected at varying concentrations. The presence of mT + roscovitine and/or INCYDE increased the levels of O-glucosides while 9-glucosides were higher in the presence of BA. Generally, the underground parts had higher CK levels than the aerial parts; however, the presence of INCYDE increased the level of CK quantified in the aerial parts. From a practical perspective, the use of roscovitine and INCYDE in micropropagation could be crucial in the alleviation of commonly observed in vitro-induced physiological abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
authors.forename: Adeyemi O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Aremu
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bairu
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plačková
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doležal
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Finnie
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strnad
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Staden
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D018533:Biomass; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007701:Kinetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D028521:Musa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077546:Roscovitine; D015398:Signal Transduction; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: C580806:2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D003583:Cytokinins; D010636:Phenols; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011687:Purines; D000077546:Roscovitine; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C019984:cytokinin oxidase; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D000225:Adenine; C480551:benzylaminopurine; D007701:Kinetin