title: Brain delivery of olanzapine by intranasal administration of transfersomal vesicles.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a possible direct correlation between vesicle elasticity and the amount of drug reaching the brain intranasally. Therefore, transfersomes were developed using phosphatidylcholine (PC) as the lipid matrix and sodium deoxycholate (SDC), Span® 60, Cremophor® EL, Brij® 58, and Brij® 72 as surfactants. The influence of the type of surfactant and PC-to-surfactant ratio on vesicle morphology, size, membrane elasticity, drug entrapment, and in vitro drug release was studied. The prepared transfersomes were mainly spherical in shape, with diameters ranging from 310 to 885 nm. Transfersomes containing SDC and Span 60 with optimum lipid-to-surfactant molar ratio showed suitable diameters (410 and 380 nm, respectively) and deformability indices (17.68 and 20.76 mL/sec, respectively). Values for absolute drug bioavailability in rat plasma for transfersomes containing SDC and those containing Span 60 were 24.75 and 51.35%, whereas AUC(0-360 min) values in rat brain were 22,334.6 and 36,486.3 ng/mL/min, respectively. The present study revealed that the deformability index is a parameter having a direct relation with the amount of the drug delivered to the brain by the nasal route.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hamed A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: Azza A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Amany O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: Mayssa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel Hady
authors.forename: Gehanne A S
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Awad
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D000077152:Olanzapine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D008081:Liposomes; D000077152:Olanzapine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors