title: Diagnostic yield of tuberculosis using sputum induction in HIV-positive patients before antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Adults (n = 602) enrolling in a South African antiretroviral treatment clinic underwent culture-based screening for tuberculosis (TB), regardless of symptoms. For those unable to spontaneously expectorate a 'spot' sample (n = 124), sputum induction with nebulised  hypertonic saline was used to obtain a first sample and also to rapidly obtain a second sample from all patients. Collection of both samples typically took 10-15 min. The prevalence of culture-positive TB was 15.6% (95%CI 12.8-18.8). Spontaneously expectorated spot samples yielded  79.8% of all culture-positive TB diagnoses. The incremental yield from those needing an induced first sample was 5.3% and the yield from induced second samples was 14.9%.
authors.affiliation: The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lawn
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kerkhoff
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pahlana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013183:Sputum; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents