title: Use of observed wild bird activity on poultry farms and a literature review to target species as high priority for avian influenza testing in 2 regions of Canada.
abstract: The risk of avian influenza outbreaks in poultry is partially dependent on the probability of contact between domestic poultry and wild birds shedding avian influenza (AI) virus. The major objective of this study was to document wild bird activity on poultry farms to determine which wild bird species should be targeted for AI surveillance in Canada. We collected data in 2 major poultry producing regions of Canada, southwestern Ontario and the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, on the relative abundance of various wild bird species found on poultry farms and on how these species utilized habitat around poultry farms. We reviewed the published literature to determine what was known about AI pathobiology in the species we observed. From these results we created a list of 10 wild bird species that are a priority for further study. These species are the European starling, barn swallow, rock dove, American crow, northwestern crow, American robin, dark-eyed junco, song sparrow, horned lark, and common grackle. Abundance of these and other species varied between provinces and seasons.
authors.affiliation: Box 4050 Yarrow Station, Chilliwack, British Columbia V2R 5H8, Canada. theresa_burns@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Theresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ribble
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelton
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toews
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osterhold
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000821:virology; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D001717:Birds; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D011200:Poultry; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary*; D013045:Species Specificity