title: Biphoton generation in quadratic waveguide arrays: a classical optical simulation.
abstract: Quantum entanglement became essential in understanding the non-locality of quantum mechanics. In optics, this non-locality can be demonstrated on impressively large length scales, as photons travel with the speed of light and interact only weakly with their environment. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals provides an efficient source for entangled photon pairs, so-called biphotons. However, SPDC can also be implemented in nonlinear arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides which allows the generation and the investigation of correlated quantum walks of such biphotons in an integrated device. Here, we analytically and experimentally demonstrate that the biphoton degrees of freedom are entailed in an additional dimension, therefore the SPDC and the subsequent quantum random walk in one-dimensional arrays can be simulated through classical optical beam propagation in a two-dimensional photonic lattice. Thereby, the output intensity images directly represent the biphoton correlations and exhibit a clear violation of a Bell-like inequality.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gräfe
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Solntsev
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sukhorukov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tünnermann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szameit
authors.forename: Yu S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kivshar