title: Protective roles of DMP1 in high phosphate homeostasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dmp1 (dentin matrix protein1) null mice (Dmp1(-/-)) display hypophosphatemic rickets with a sharp increase in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Disruption of Klotho (the obligatory co-receptor of FGF23) results in hyperphosphatemia with ectopic calcifications formed in blood vessels and kidneys. To determine the role of DMP1 in both a hyperphosphatemic environment and within the ectopic calcifications, we created Dmp1/Klotho compound deficient (Dmp1(-/-)kl/kl) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of TUNEL, immunohistochemistry, TRAP, von Kossa, micro CT, bone histomorphometry, serum biochemistry and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques were used to analyze the changes in blood vessels, kidney and bone for wild type control, Dmp1(-/-), Klotho deficient (kl/kl) and Dmp1(-/-)kl/kl animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interestingly, Dmp1(-/-)kl/kl mice show a dramatic improvement of rickets and an identical serum biochemical phenotype to kl/kl mice (extremely high FGF23, hyperphosphatemia and reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels). Unexpectedly, Dmp1(-/-)kl/kl mice presented elevated levels of apoptosis in osteocytes, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in small and large blood vessels, and within the kidney as well as dramatic increase in ectopic calcification in all these tissues, as compared to kl/kl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that DMP1 has an anti-apoptotic role in hyperphosphatemia. Discovering this novel protective role of DMP1 may have clinical relevance in protecting the cells from apoptosis in high-phosphate environments as observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America. arangiani@bcd.tamhsc.edu
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rangiani
authors.forename: Zhengguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yongbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Baozhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Chunlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuro-O
authors.forename: Jian Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006706:Homeostasis; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010641:Phenotype; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D012279:Rickets / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: C513308:Dmp1 protein, mouse; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C000717428:Fgf23 protein, mouse; D008903:Minerals; D010710:Phosphates; D020011:Protective Agents; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins