title: Outcome of surgical treatment of type IV capitellum fractures in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fractures of the capitellum and trochlea constitute less than 1% of all elbow fractures and a shear fracture involving the capitellum and extending medially into most of the trochlea is rarely reported. Type IV capitellum fracture is still controversial in regard to its radiographic appearance, surgical approach and osteosynthesis. We report 10 cases of type IV capitellum fracture with a view to elucidating its clinical features and treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 10 patients of type IV capitellum fracture with a mean age of 32 years. A uniform surgical approach and postoperative rehabilitation were followed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients presented to us after a mean of 4 days of injury and one patient was nonunion after 6 months of injury who had been treated conservatively by a bone setter. Double arc sign was absent in 6 cases. Intraoperatively 6 capitellotrochlear fragments were devoid of soft tissue attachments. By Mayo Elbow Performance Score evaluation, 7 patients got excellent, 2 good and 1 fair results. One patient with associated elbow dislocation developed heterotopic ossification. There was no case of avascular necrosis, osteoarthrosis or fixation failures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type IV capitellum fractures are rare and belong to complex articular injuries. A good functional outcome can only be achieved with open reduction and stable internal fixation followed by early mobilization. Preoperative radiographic assessment and computed tomography help surgeons in choosing the right surgical approach and implants. Good surgical technique and stable internal fixation are the keys to early mobilization and good functional outcome.
authors.affiliation: Punjab Civil Medical Services-I Mukerian, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Ajay Pal
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ish Kumar
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Dhammi
authors.forename: Vipul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Arun Pal
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092464:Elbow Injuries