title: Cognitive and mood effects of phenobarbital treatment in people with epilepsy in rural China: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phenobarbital is an effective treatment for epilepsy but concerns remain over its potential neurocognitive toxicity. This prospective study evaluated the effects of phenobarbital treatment on cognition and mood in people with epilepsy in rural China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 144 adults with convulsive seizures and 144 healthy controls from six sites in rural China. People with epilepsy were treated with phenobarbital monotherapy for 12 months. At baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months, cases and controls were evaluated with a battery of neuropsychological tests: the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a digit span test, a verbal fluency test, an auditory verbal learning test and a digit cancellation test. Efficacy of phenobarbital treatment was evaluated at the end of follow-up for those with epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive test scores and mood ratings were available for 136 (94%) people with epilepsy and 137 (95%) controls at the 12 month follow-up. Both groups showed slightly improved performance on a number of neuropsychological measures. The people with epilepsy showed greater performance gains (p=0.012) in verbal fluency. Nine people with epilepsy complained of memory problems during the treatment period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, phenobarbital was not found to have a major negative impact on cognitive function of people with convulsive seizures and some cognitive gains were observed, possibly due to improved seizure control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qingsheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jixin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qianhua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Peimin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wenzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gail S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Hanneke M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Shichuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Josemir W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003710:Demography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010820:Physicians; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010634:Phenobarbital