title: Use of the fluorescent probe LAURDAN to label and measure inner membrane fluidity of endospores of Clostridium spp.
abstract: A method for measuring the fluidity of inner membranes of populations of endospores of Clostridium spp. with a fluorescent dye was developed. Cells of Clostridium beijerinckii ATCC 8260 and Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 7955 were allowed to sporulate in the presence of 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (LAURDAN) on a soil-based media. Labeling of endospores with LAURDAN did not affect endospore viability. Removal of the outer membranes of endospores was done using a chemical treatment and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and generalized polarization (GP) measurements were used to assess fluorescence of endospores. Lipid composition analysis of cells and endospores was done to determine whether differences in GP values are attributable to differences in membrane composition. Removal of the outer membranes of endospores did not significantly impact GP values. Decoated, labeled endospores of C. sporogenes ATCC 7955 and C. beijerinckii ATCC 8260 exhibited GP values of 0.77±0.031 and 0.74±0.027 respectively. Differences in ratios of fatty acids between cells and endospores are unlikely to be responsible for high GP values observed in endospores. These GP values indicate high levels of lipid order and the exclusion of water from within inner membranes of endospores.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2P5. simmon@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Simmon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Denter
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McMullen
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gänzle
mesh_terms: D015081:2-Naphthylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D003013:Clostridium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D007848:Laurates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D057109:Scanning Laser Polarimetry; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007848:Laurates; D008055:Lipids; D015081:2-Naphthylamine; C065580:laurdan