title: [Establishment of an internal control for directed differentiation using pluripotent stem cell lines derived from heterozygotic twins].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reprogram amniotic fluid cells into pluripotent stem cells in order to create an optimal internal control model for directed cell differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human amniotic fluid-derived cells (hAFDCs) from heterozygotic twin fetuses were induced by retroviral vectors encoding Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. In vivo pluripotency, differentiation capacity and karyotype of hAFDCs induced pluripotent stem cells (hAFDCs-iPSCs) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  hAFDC-iPSCs derived from heterozygotic twins have maintained self renewal, with expression of high pluripotency marker gene detected at both mRNA and protein levels. The cells have maintained their differentiation capacity both in vitro and vivo, and showed normal karyotypes after long-term culturing in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hAFDCs-iPSCs derived from heterozygotic twins have good consistency in terms of genetic background, and can provide a good internal control for directed differentiation of iPSCs, and may be used an ideal source for autologous cell replacement therapy in the later life of the fetus.
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Xin-jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-zhi
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yu-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiao-fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D059785:Karyotype; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014427:Twins