title: Evaluation of the efficacy of bendiocarb in indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors in Benin: results of the third campaign.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 2008, the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) has been engaged in the implementation of indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Benin. The first and second round was a success with a drastic decrease of malaria transmission in areas under IRS. We present here the results of the third round. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the third round of IRS to those achieved during the first two rounds. A second success of IRS will enable the Government of Benin to extend the strategy to other areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mosquito collections were carried out in the department of Ouémé where the homes of four districts were treated with bendiocarb. In these districts, more than 350 000 inhabitants were protected by IRS. A fifth untreated district served as control. In the five districts, mosquito collections were organized to follow the dynamics of malaria transmission and possible changes in the behavior of mosquitoes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in human biting rate was recorded after the third round of IRS, specifically in Adjohoun (89.78%), Dangbo (56.8%) and Missérété (93.22%) where an inhabitant received less than 2 bites of An. gambiae per night. During this same time, the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) declined dramatically in all areas under intervention (74.26% reduction). We also noted a significant reduction in longevity, the blood feeding rate of the vectors and an increase in exophily induced by bendiocarb on An. gambiae and Mansonia spp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed, once again, the effectiveness of bendiocarb on anopheles populations resistant to pyrethroids. This product can be recommended in combination with other insecticides for the management of vector resistance to insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou-CREC, 06 BP 2604, Cotonou, Bénin. ossraz@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Razaki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ossè
authors.forename: Rock
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aikpon
authors.forename: Gil Germain
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Padonou
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oussou
authors.forename: Anges
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadouléton
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akogbéto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001541:Benin / Q000453:epidemiology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D011722:Pyrethrins; C007725:bendiocarb