title: Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock workers in Ibadan, Nigeria: evidence of occupational exposure.
abstract: METHODS
  Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in the cattle population in Nigeria. Livestock workers are at risk of Mycobacterium bovis infection and unaware of their health status.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the occurrence of pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock  workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of livestock traders was conducted for TB through screening of sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with oral interview on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. Specimens were cultured, and the isolates analysed  using molecular typing techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 10% (7/70) of the livestock traders had a positive culture indicative of M. tuberculosis  complex, which were differentiated into M. bovis (n = 2) and M. tuberculosis (n = 5) using deletion typing. Further  spoligotyping analyses of the M. bovis and two available M. tuberculosis isolates classified the strains as SB1432 and SB09444 and LAM_10 CAM and T1 using respectively www.mbovis.org and spotclust databases. Prolonged cough and >3 years in the livestock trade were risk factors  for infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirm that there is undetected pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock traders in Nigeria. Further studies on the role of occupationally exposed workers in the transmission of M. bovis infection to the larger community are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Adesokan
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Soolingen
authors.forename: S I B
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Cadmus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D058751:Livestock; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial