title: Hydrothermal treatment for inactivating some hygienic microbial indicators from food waste-amended animal feed.
abstract: To achieve the hygienic safety of food waste used as animal feed, a hydrothermal treatment process of 60-110 degrees C for 10-60 min was applied on the separated food waste from a university canteen. Based on the microbial analysis of raw waste, the inactivation of hygienic indicators of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), total coliform (TC), total aerobic plate counts (TPC), and molds and yeast (MY) were analyzed during the hydrothermal process. Results showed that indicators' concentrations were substantially reduced after hydrothermal treatment, with a greater reduction observed when the waste was treated with a higher temperature and pressure and a longer ramping time. The 110 degrees C hydrothermal treatment for 60 min was sufficient to disinfect food waste as animal feed from the viewpoint of hygienic safety. Results obtained so far indicate that hydrothermal treatment can significantly decrease microbial indicators' concentrations but does not lead to complete sterilization, because MY survived even after 60 min treatment at 110 degrees C. The information from the present study will contribute to the microbial risk control of food waste-amended animal feed, to cope with legislation on food or feed safety.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. supcql@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae; D005502:Food; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water