title: Therapeutic effects of low-level laser therapy after premolar extraction in adolescents: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on wound healing process and pain levels after premolar extraction in adolescents.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The advantage of using LLLT in oral surgeries is the reduction of inflammation and postoperative discomfort; however, the optimal dosing parameters and treatment effects in surgical procedures are inconclusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 14 patients who were to undergo surgical removal of premolars. Patients were randomly allocated to the LLLT (test) group and placebo (control) group. Patients in the test group received 5.1 J (60 J/cm(2)) of energy density of a gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser (wavelength, 830 nm; output power, 0.1 W) at three different points intraorally, 1 cm from the target tissue immediately and at 48 and 72 h after the surgical procedure. For patients in the placebo group, the laser device was applied to the same points without activating the hand piece. The wound healing process was evaluated by an independent examiner by visual inspection with the support of digital photographs at baseline and 2, 7, and 15 days postoperatively. Patients recorded the degree of pain using the visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the placebo group, the test group showed a lower intensity of pain, but this difference was not statistically significant at any time point. The wound healing process was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, the LLLT parameters used neither increased the wound healing process nor significantly decreased pain intensity after premolar extraction in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-University Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio Benini
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Paschoal
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos-Pinto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*