title: A dilemma in the electrophysiology lab: where is the coronary sinus in a patient with left inferior vena cava with hemiazygos continuation?
abstract: Occasionally, electrophysiological interventions are complicated by an unusual or an anomalous cardiovascular anatomy. We report our experience of a case of situs ambiguous and symptomatic heart failure of which anomalous venous anatomy and coronary sinus variation had prevented a successful endocardial placement of a left ventricular lead for cardiac synchronization therapy.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA. yhacioglu@uams.edu
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hacioglu
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.forename: Sadip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paydak
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging