title: Fetal programming of dietary fructose and saturated fat on hepatic quercetin glucuronidation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phase II biotransformation of flavonoids generates bioactive metabolites in vivo. However, data on the effect of environmental and physiologic factors and fetal programming on phase II pathways toward flavonoids are limited. We examined the effect of parental exposure to a diet high in saturated fats and fructose 1 mo before conception through lactation on in vitro hepatic uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity toward quercetin in parent and offspring rats and the interaction between diet and sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents were fed a diet containing 9.9% coconut fat, 0.5% cholesterol, 30% fructose, and 30% glucose (SFF) or a control (C) diet containing 11% corn oil and 60% glucose. After weaning, offspring were fed the C diet for an additional 12 wk. The glucuronidation rate of microsomal UGT was determined with quercetin 30 μmol/L and 12.5 μg of protein in a total volume of 100 μL after a 15-min incubation at 37°C. Three quercetin glucuronides (7-O-quercetin glucuronide, 4'-O-quercetin glucuronide, and 3'-O-quercetin glucuronide) were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the parent females, the SFF diet decreased by 29% and 19% the production rate of 3'- and 4'-O-quercetin glucuronide quercetin glucuronides, respectively, compared with the C diet (P ≤ 0.05). The production rate of 7-O-quercetin glucuronide quercetin glucuronide in the female offspring rats born to C dams was 59% larger than in their male counterparts (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in the offspring of SFF dams.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High dietary fructose and saturated fat decreased UGT capacity toward quercetin in female rats and in utero exposure to the diet decreased the glucuronidation capacity of their pups.
authors.affiliation: Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Nyssa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Motilva
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: C-Y Oliver
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011794:Quercetin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D020719:Glucuronides; D010938:Plant Oils; D005632:Fructose; D011794:Quercetin; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D000074263:Coconut Oil