title: Restricted spirometry in the Burden of Lung Disease Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of restrictive lung disease has classically required the measure of total lung capacity to document 'true' restriction, which has limited its detection in large population-based studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used spirometric data to classify people with  restricted spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV(1)]/forced vital capacity ≥ 0.70 and FEV(1) < 80% predicted) in the Burden of Lung Disease (BOLD) Study and determined the relation between this finding and demographic factors and the presence of chronic  diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, we found that 11.7% of men (546/4664) and 16.4% of women (836/5098) had restricted spirometry. Prevalence varied widely by site, from a low of 4.2% among males in Sydney, Australia, to a high  of 48.7% among females in Manila, The Philippines. Compared to people with normal lung function, those with restricted spirometry had a higher prevalence of diabetes (12.2% vs. 4.6%), heart disease (15.0% vs. 7.7%) and hypertension (38.8% vs. 22.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Restricted spirometry is  a common finding in population studies. Additional research is needed to better define and describe the mechanisms that lead to restricted spirometry and potential interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. dmannino@uky.edu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mannino
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McBurnie
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocabas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anto
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Buist
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods; D014109:Total Lung Capacity; D014797:Vital Capacity