title: Overview and discovery of IgNARs and generation of VNARs.
abstract: Immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNARs) from sharks are a distinct class of immune receptors, consisting of homodimers with no associated light chains. Antigen binding is encapsulated within single VNAR immunoglobulin domains of 13-14 kDa in size. This small size and single domain format means that they exhibit considerable stability and are readily produced in heterologous protein expression systems. In this chapter, I describe the history and discovery of IgNARs, the development of VNAR biotechnology, and highlight important factors in VNAR protein production.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Stewart.Nuttall@csiro.au
authors.forename: Stewart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nuttall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000915:Antibody Affinity / Q000276:immunology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000737:chemistry*; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000737:chemistry*; D011946:Receptors, Antigen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000266:history; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000266:history / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012754:Sharks / Q000276:immunology; D061905:Single-Domain Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000266:history / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D011946:Receptors, Antigen; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D061905:Single-Domain Antibodies