title: Anti-neoplastic effects of fucoxanthin and its deacetylated product,             fucoxanthinol, on Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphoma cells.
abstract: Fucoxanthin (FX) is a natural carotenoid with reported antitumorigenic activity.             This study explored the effects of FX and its deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol             (FXOH), on B-cell malignancies, including Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma             and Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cells. Both FX and FXOH reduced the viability             of these malignant B cells in a dose-dependent manner accompanied by the induction             of cell cycle arrest during G1 phase and caspase-dependent apoptosis. FXOH was             approximately twice more potent than FX in these activities. In contrast, normal             peripheral blood mononuclear cells were resistant to FX and FXOH. Strong and constitutive             activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a common characteristic of many B-cell             malignancies, and FXOH suppressed constitutive NF-κB activity. NF-κB inhibition             was accompanied by downregulation of NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic and cell cycle             regulator gene products, including Bcl-2, cIAP-2, XIAP, cyclin D1 and cyclin D2.             The results indicated that FX and FXOH are potentially useful therapeutic agents             in B-cell malignancies characterized by aberrant regulation of NF-κB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine,                     University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
authors.forename: Senji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tafuku
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed / Q000821:virology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D056742:Cyclin D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000378:metabolism; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C080336:CCND2 protein, human; D056742:Cyclin D2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; C025164:fucoxanthin; D019938:Cyclin D1; C483031:fucoxanthinol; D020169:Caspases