title: Willingness to pay for diabetes drug therapy in type 2 diabetes patients: based on LEAD clinical programme results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferences of people with diabetes for liraglutide vs other glucose lowering drugs, based on outcomes of clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Willingness to pay (WTP) for diabetes drug treatment was assessed by combining results from a recent WTP study with analysis of results from the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD) programme. The LEAD programme included six randomised clinical trials with 3967 participants analysing efficacy and safety of liraglutide 1.2 mg (LEAD 1-6 trials), rosiglitazone (LEAD 1 trial), glimepiride (LEAD 2-3 trials), insulin glargine (LEAD 5 trial), and exenatide (LEAD 6 trial). The WTP survey used discrete choice experimental (DCE) methodology to evaluate the convenience and clinical effects of glucose lowering treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  People with type 2 diabetes were prepared to pay an extra €2.64/day for liraglutide compared with rosiglitazone, an extra €1.94/day compared with glimepiride, an extra €3.36/day compared with insulin glargine, and an extra €0.81/day compared with exenatide. Weight loss was the largest component of WTP for liraglutide compared with rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and insulin glargine. Differences in the administration of the two drugs was the largest component of WTP for liraglutide (once daily anytime) compared with exenatide (twice daily with meals). A limitation of the study was that it was based on six clinical trials where liraglutide was the test drug, but each trial had a different comparator, therefore the clinical effects of liraglutide were much better documented than the comparators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WTP analyses of the clinical results from the LEAD programme suggested that participants with type 2 diabetes were willing to pay appreciably more for liraglutide than other glucose lowering treatments. This was driven by the relative advantage of weight loss compared with rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and insulin glargine, and administration frequency compared with exenatide.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden. johan.jendle@liv.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jendle
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torffvit
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ridderstråle
authors.forename: Å
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Ericsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bøgelund
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D019468:Disease Management; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054795:Incretins / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D010455:Peptides; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014688:Venoms; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; C057619:glimepiride; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide