title: [Dynamic investigation on the co-infection status of two pathogens in ticks from tourist point in Heilongjiang province].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor the co-infection status of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B.b.s.l) and spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) in tourist areas of Heilongjiang province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B.b.s.l and ompA of SFGR in ticks, dynamically collected from tourist areas of Heilongjiang province in 2010. Amplification products from positive ticks were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted by Mega 5.0 software package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  849 ticks were collected from two tourist points, with the dominant ticks in Tiger Mountain and Jingpo Lake were Ixodes persulcatus and Haemaphysalis concinna. Regarding the Ixodes persulcatus from Tiger Mountain, the infection rates of B.b.s.l and SFGR were 26.15% and 10.05%. The infection rate of SFGR was 13.33% in Haemaphysalis concinna and the B.b.s.l was undiscovered in the same ticks from Jingpo Lake. However, the co-infection could only be detected in Ixodes persulcatus of both tourist areas. Surveillance data showed that the major ticks were more likely to be appeared in July at Tiger Mountain and in June at Jingpo Lake. Data from the sequence analysis on B.b.s.l showed that the B.b.s.l in tourist areas could be classified into three different genotypes, other than B. garinii and B. afzelii. We first detected B. valaisiana-like group genotype in northeast of China. Results from the sequence analysis of SFGR positive products showed that the two DNA sequences of newly detected agents were completely the same as Rickettsia sp. HL-93 which was detected in Hulin and Rickettsia sp. H820 found in northeast, China.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The co-infection of B.b.s.l and SFGR was detected in ticks from the tourist areas of Heilongjiang province, and data from the sequencing of specific fragment showed that various kinds of genotypes existed in this area. However; the rates of co-infections-different according to environment, time and population that contributed to the kinds of and the index of ticks existed in the surveys points, also the infection rate of the ticks was studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, and Forestry Center Hospital of Mudanjiang, Changsha 410078, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shuang-yan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuan-chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Qiu-bo
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Ji-hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue-bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Nan-nan
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Hong-zhuan
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002681:China; D060085:Coinfection; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology*