title: Impact of training at ventilatory threshold on cardiopulmonary and functional capacity in overweight patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity are both associated with reduced physical capacity. The potential benefit of aerobic training on physical capacity has been recognized. The exercise intensity can be established using different methods mostly subjective or indirect. Ventilatory threshold (VT) is a direct and objective method that allows prescribing exercise intensity according to individual capacity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of aerobic training at VT intensity on cardiopulmonary and functional capacities in CKD patients with excess of body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten CKD patients (eight men, 49.7 ± 10.1 years; BMI 30.4 ± 3.5 kg/m², creatinine clearance 39.4 ± 9.8 mL/min/1.73 m²) underwent training on a treadmill three times per week during 12 weeks. Cardiopulmonary capacity (ergoespirometry), functional capacity and clinical parameters were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of 12 weeks, VO2PEAK increased by 20%, and the speed at VO2PEAK increased by 16%. The training resulted in improvement in functional capacity tests, such as six-minute walk test (9.2%), two-minute step test (20.3%), arm curl test (16.3%), sit and stand test (35.7%), and time up and go test (15.3%). In addition, a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures was observed despite no change in body weight, sodium intake and antihypertensive medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic exercise performed at VT intensity improved cardipulmonary and functional capacities of overweight CKD patients. Additional benefit on blood pressure was observed. These results suggest that VT can be effectively applied for prescribing exercise intensity in this particular group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danilo Takashi
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Aoike
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baria
authors.forename: Mariana Leister
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Maria Ayako
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: Marco Túlio de
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammirati
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuppari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult