title: Effects of altered α- and β-branch carotenoid biosynthesis on photoprotection and whole-plant acclimation of Arabidopsis to photo-oxidative stress.
abstract: Functions of α- and β-branch carotenoids in whole-plant acclimation to photo-oxidative stress were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (wt) and carotenoid mutants, lutein deficient (lut2, lut5), non-photochemical quenching1 (npq1) and suppressor of zeaxanthin-less1 (szl1) npq1 double mutant. Photo-oxidative stress was applied by exposing plants to sunflecks. The sunflecks caused reduction of chlorophyll content in all plants, but more severely in those having high α- to β-branch carotenoid composition (α/β-ratio) (lut5, szl1npq1). While this did not alter carotenoid composition in wt or lut2, which accumulates only β-branch carotenoids, increased xanthophyll levels were found in the mutants with high α/β-ratios (lut5, szl1npq1) or without xanthophyll-cycle operation (npq1, szl1npq1). The PsbS protein content increased in all sunfleck plants but lut2. These changes were accompanied by no change (npq1, szl1npq1) or enhanced capacity (wt, lut5) of NPQ. Leaf mass per area increased in lut2, but decreased in wt and lut5 that showed increased NPQ. The sunflecks decelerated primary root growth in wt and npq1 having normal α/β-ratios, but suppressed lateral root formation in lut5 and szl1npq1 having high α/β-ratios. The results highlight the importance of proper regulation of the α- and β-branch carotenoid pathways for whole-plant acclimation, not only leaf photoprotection, under photo-oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: IBG-2: Pflanzenwissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caliandro
authors.forename: Kerstin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kastenholz
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: Zhirong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Krishna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Niyogi
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pogson
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.forename: Shizue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubara
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000528:radiation effects; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000528:radiation effects; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003624:Darkness; D008027:Light; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; C489731:NPQ4 protein, Arabidopsis; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids