title: Class III gynecomastia in pediatric age: a new modified surgical treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prepubertal gynecomastia is an extremely rare condition usually requiring surgical treatment, especially in case of class III gynecomastia. This study presents cases treated with a new surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2010 at our institution, gynecomastia is treated surgically using a modified technique of periareolar incision. Aesthetic results and possible complications of this technique are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients were treated at the authors' unit for class III gynecomastia between January 2010 and December 2011. All patients were properly treated without the need of further surgery for skin resection. One patient developed seroma, treated with suction; one patient showed hematoma, treated with hot packs for 3 weeks. All patients and their parents were satisfied of the aesthetic results obtained. All patients resumed sport activities 4 weeks after surgery. It was not possible to observe intraoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique used meets safety and efficacy standards for the treatment of this type of pediatric gynecomastia. It also offers the best possible aesthetic results with minimum complications which can be treated without the need of further surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Science, Policlinico G.B.Rossi, Pediatric Surgical Unit, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy. zampius@libero.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zampieri
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modena
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Camoglio
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015414:Mastectomy, Subcutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome