title: Diabetes self-risk assessment questionnaires coupled with a multimedia health promotion campaign are cheap and effective tools to increase public awareness of diabetes in a large Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate costs and effectiveness of implementing a diabetes self-risk assessment (Diabetes Risk Score) questionnaire coupled with a multimedia health promotion campaign on changes in diabetes awareness in a large diabetes prevention programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007 and 2010, a multimedia health promotion campaign was conducted targeting the 1.94 million population of Qingdao, China, using newspapers, radio programmes, distribution of free booklets and Diabetes Risk Score flyers. Diabetes awareness questionnaires filled out by people first interviewed in 2006 (survey A), before the initiation of the campaign, were compared with those first interviewed between 2007 and 2010 during the campaign period (survey B). The rates of diabetes awareness in both surveys were studied amongst adults aged 35-74 years without a prior history of diabetes, but with a Diabetes Risk Score of ≥ 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In survey B, 85, 82 and 76% of the urban participants correctly recognized obesity, family history of diabetes and physical inactivity, respectively, as important risk factors for diabetes; while the awareness rates were 43, 46 and 25%, respectively, in survey A (P < 0.001). The corresponding figures among rural participants were 65, 63 and 53% in survey B and 29, 22 and 11% in survey A (P < 0.001). To cover 1000 individuals, the programme spent €5.4 on the use of the Diabetes Risk Score flyer, €31.3 on the education booklet, €7.7 on the newspaper campaign and €37.5 on radio programmes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of a Diabetes Risk Score questionnaire with a multimedia health promotion campaign is a cheap and effective health promotion tool to raise public awareness of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. yanlei.zhang@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D008875:Middle Aged; D009524:Newspapers as Topic; D010174:Pamphlets; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires