title: The expression and actions of androgen receptor in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) tissues and the primary cultured cells.
abstract: Sex hormone receptors, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERs) including both ERα and ERβ, mediate the actions of sex hormones. In this study, we aimed to evaluate sex hormone receptors expression in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UUTUCs) of ureter and renal pelvis with different tumor stages and grades as well as their possible roles in tumor progression. Immunohistochemistry was used to assay the expression of AR and ERs in the primary UUTUCs. XTT viability test was applied to evaluate cell responses for anticancer drug treatment. Wound healing assay was performed to determine cell migration abilities. AR and ERβ immunoreactivities were observed in both UUTUCs, but ERα was not detected in either UUTUCs. In UUTUC of ureter specimens, higher AR expression was found in superficial or lower grade tumors. In contrast, little difference of ERβ expression was found in superficial versus muscle-invasive tumor stages or low grades versus high grades in UUTUCs of ureter specimens. Furthermore in the primary cultured cells from UUTUC specimens, the addition of functional AR reduced cell chemosensitivity, but increased cell migration. These results provide the first data showing the expression patterns of sex hormone receptors in both renal pelvis and ureter UUTUCs. From results, we concluded that there is a positive correlation for higher AR expression found in superficial or low-grade UUTUCs of ureter and identified the functional roles of AR in UUTUC progression.
authors.affiliation: Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. chshyr@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Chih-Rong
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: Chi-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Teng-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chao-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wen-Lung
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shuyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.forename: Tsung-Heng
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fu-Yin
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chawnshang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014513:Ureter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011994:Recombinant Proteins