title: Bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of maize and the surrounding carbonate-rich bulk soil.
abstract: Maize represents one of the main cultivar for food and energy and crop yields are influenced by soil physicochemical and climatic conditions. To study how maize plants influence soil microbes we have examined microbial communities that colonize maize plants grown in carbonate-rich soil (pH 8.5) using culture-independent, PCR-based methods. We observed a low proportion of unclassified bacteria in this soil whether it was planted or unplanted. Our results indicate that a higher complexity of the bacterial community is present in bulk soil with microbes from nine phyla, while in the rhizosphere microbes from only six phyla were found. The predominant microbes in bulk soil were bacteria of the phyla Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, while Gammaproteobacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Lysobacter were the predominant in the rhizosphere. As Gammaproteobacteria respond chemotactically to exudates and are efficient in the utilization of plants exudate products, microbial communities associated to the rhizosphere seem to be plant-driven. It should be noted that Gammaproteobacteria made available inorganic nutrients to the plants favouring plant growth and then the benefit of the interaction is common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Salamanca
authors.forename: M Antonia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Molina-Henares
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Dillewijn
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pizarro-Tobías
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.forename: Juan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D002254:Carbonates / Q000032:analysis*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D058441:Rhizosphere; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil