title: A comprehensive pathophysiology of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis - towards a more precise definition of scalp health.
abstract: Despite an increasing knowledge of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD), the pathophysiological understanding is still incomplete but suggests a role of Malassezia yeasts in triggering inflammatory and hyper-proliferative epidermal responses. The objective of this report is to review published literature from in vivo studies of D/SD populations to provide a more complete description of overall scalp health. New biomolecular capabilities establish a depth of pathophysiological understanding not previously achievable with traditional means of investigation. Biomarkers representing inflammation, hyper-proliferation and barrier function are all perturbed by the D/SD condition and robustly respond to therapeutic resolution. These biomarkers can be sampled noninvasively, enabling their use in routine clinical evaluations as either surrogate endpoints or complementary ones to classical signs/symptoms to broaden the etiological learning.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, USA. schwartz.jr.2@pg.com
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Messenger
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosti
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hordinsky
authors.forename: Roderick J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Xuemin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zachariae
authors.forename: Kathy M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Rene C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rust
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D012628:Dermatitis, Seborrheic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008290:Malassezia / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010915:Pityriasis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012535:Scalp / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers