title: Long-term outcomes of 50 cases of limited-resection trial for pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  From 1998 to 2002, we performed a trial of prospective limited resection for pulmonary ground-glass opacity lesions 2 cm or smaller. This is the second report on the long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The enrollment criteria of the trial were as follows: pulmonary peripheral nodule less than 2 cm, diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of clinical T1N0M0 carcinoma with ground-glass opacity and lack of evident pleural indentations or vascular convergence on high-resolution computed tomography. Limited-resection (wedge or segment) specimens were intraoperatively examined by frozen section. If the nodule was confirmed as Noguchi type A or B with a resection margin of greater than 1 cm, the incision was sutured and the patient followed up. The median surveillance period was 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a total of 50 enrolled participants, there were two Noguchi type A, 23 type B and 15 type C adenocarcinomas; five atypical adenomatous hyperplasias, four fibroses, and one granuloma. Although there were no patients with recurrence within the first 5 years, in four patients who underwent limited-resection pulmonary adenocarcinoma developed more than 5 years after the initial resection, of either cut-end recurrence or metachronous primary disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of 26 patients who underwent limited resection, adenocarcinoma developed in four after more than 5 years. These were possibly cut-end recurrences. We concluded that 5 years is not a sufficient period for follow-up, and that limited resection should still be done only in a trial setting, even for small ground-glass opacity lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Oncology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Genichiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Akikazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Keiju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aokage
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hishida
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed