title: The antinociceptive effects of systemic administration of tramadol, gabapentin and their combination on mice model of acute pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible antinociceptive effects of systemic administration of tramadol and gabapentin either alone or in combination on acute pain models in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining the approval of Animal Ethics Committee; 96 BALB/c albino male mice were divided into 12 groups: (I) control without injection, (II) control treated with saline, (III)-(IV) mice treated with tramadol 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg, (V)-(VIII) mice treated with gabapentin; 30, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg respectively. In order to determine possible interactions between tramadol gabapentin and; mice received four different combinations of tramadol + gabapentin (30+30, 30+100, 30+200 and 30+300 mg/kg) (Groups IX-XII respectively). Mice received 0.1 ml solution for every 10 g of their weight. The drug was injected into peritonea. Thirty minutes after the drug injection, tail-flick and hot-plate tests were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten and 30 mg/kg tramadol produced dose dependent antinociceptive effect in tail-flick and hot plate tests. Gabapentin had no antinociceptive effect in the tail flick test except 300 mg/kg dose, and had dose dependent antinociceptive effect in hot-plate test. In both tests, various combinations of tramadol and gabapentin produced an antinociceptive effect that is greater than that produced by tramadol and gabapentin alone. But, just 30 mg/kg tramadol + 300 mg/kg gabapentin combination caused statistically significant increase in both tests (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When gabapentin and tramadol were used in combination, gabapentin had no additive antinociceptive effect except for 300 mg/kg in tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Tail-flick test showed that tramadol produced better antinociceptive effect than gabapentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation/Algology, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey. onaydin@superonline.com
authors.forename: Osman Nuri
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Rauf Onur
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: Sadun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Temoçin
authors.forename: Bakiye
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uğur
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alaçam
authors.forename: Selda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Şen
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D014147:Tramadol; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin