title: [Value of CD8(+) T lymphocyte subgroups for the predication of pulmonary invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised critically ill patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predictive ability of CD8(+) T-cell counts and the expressions of CD28, CD38, HLA-DR on CD8(+) T cells in immunocompromised critically ill (ICCI) patients with pulmonary invasive fungal infections (PIFI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The evolution of CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subgroups (CD8(+), CD8(+)CD28(+), CD8(+)CD38(+), CD8(+)HLA-DR(+)) were measured in the peripheral blood of 80 ICCI patients with pulmonary infection on day 1 (D1), 3 (D3) and 7 (D7) of intensive care unit (ICU) admission by quantitative flow cytometry. Forty immunocompetent, uninfected critically ill patients were analyzed as control subjects at the time of admission. Immunocompromised risk factors and PIFI was diagnosed according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Mycoses Study Group (EORTC-MSG) 2008 definitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PIFI were diagnosed in 71.3% of the ICCI patients (57/80) and included 22 molds infections, 22 Candida infections and 13 mixed infections. Among the 80 ICCI patients, CD8(+), CD8(+)CD28(+), and CD8(+)CD38(+) T-cell counts were significantly lower (P < 0.01) and CD8(+)HLA-DR(+) T-cell counts were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the control subjects during the monitoring period, while CD8(+), CD8(+)CD28(+), and CD8(+)CD38(+) T cells demonstrated an additional significant decrease in PIFI patients compared with non-PIFI patients (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for discrimination of the 28-day mortality revealed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.83, 0.84 and 0.87 for the CD8(+)CD28(+) T-cell counts (D1, D3 and D7, respectively). Cutoff values of D1 < 64 cells/mm(3), D3 < 75 cells/mm(3), and D7 < 88 cells/mm(3) had sensitivities of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.61 - 0.85), 0.74 (95%CI: 0.62 - 0.85), and 0.71 (95%CI: 0.58 - 0.84), specificities of 0.90 (95%CI: 0.77 - 1.00), 0.91(95%CI: 0.78 - 1.00), and 0.95 (95%CI: 0.85 - 1.00), and efficiencies of 77.8%, 79.5% and 78.5% respectively. The time interval between ICU admission and CD8(+)CD28(+) positive 1.7 days (range: 1.0 - 7.0) was significantly shorter than the time to diagnosis of IFI by radiological 4.1 days (range: 1.0 - 21.0) and microbiological 7.5 days (range: 3.0 - 17.0) criteria (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An extreme distribution of CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subgroups in ICCI patients was closely related to PIFI. The measurement of CD8(+)CD28(+) T-cell counts may be an early predictor of PIFI in ICCI patients.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rui
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1