title: Serum creatinine detection by a conducting-polymer-based electrochemical sensor to identify allograft dysfunction.
abstract: Kidney transplant recipients who have abnormally high creatinine levels in their blood often have allograft dysfunction secondary to rejection. Creatinine has become the preferred marker for renal dysfunction and is readily available in hospital clinical settings. We developed a rapid and accurate polymer-based electrochemical point-of-care (POC) assay for creatinine detection from whole blood to identify allograft dysfunction. The creatinine concentrations of 19 blood samples from transplant recipients were measured directly from clinical serum samples by the conducting polymer-based electrochemical (EC) sensor arrays. These measurements were compared to the traditional clinical laboratory assay. The time required for detection was <5 min from sample loading. Sensitivity of the detection was found to be 0.46 mg/dL of creatinine with only 40 μL sample in the creatinine concentration range of 0 mg/dL to 11.33 mg/dL. Signal levels that were detected electrochemically correlated closely with the creatinine blood concentration detected by the UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center traditional clinical laboratory assay (correlation coefficient = 0.94). This work is encouraging for the development of a rapid and accurate POC device for measuring creatinine levels in whole blood.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1668, United States. frada@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korin
authors.forename: Elaine F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gjertson
authors.forename: Chih-ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: H Albin
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gritsch
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veale
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D011108:Polymers; D003404:Creatinine