title: [Anatomic study of malar fat pad and aging analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the midface aging mechanism through anatomic study of malar fat pad.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 fresh adult cadaveric heads (20 sides) fixed by vascular perfusion of formalin were used for anatomic study with microsurgery technique under microscope. The midfacial ligament and connective tissue between skin and subcutaneous fat were observed carefully in different parts of midface. The location, shape and extent of malar fat pad was also recorded and photographed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The malar fat pad has a triangle shape. The bottom is a curve along the orbicularis retaining ligament at the lower eyelid. The fat pad is extended internally to the nasolabial fold and labiomandibular fold, externally from the major zygomatic muscle end point at the malar surface to the angulus oris and submandibular edge. (2) The malar fat pad is composed of meshed fibrous tissue, with big fat particles in it. It becomes tight when being stretched in horizontal direction along nasolabial fold and loosen when being stretched in vertical direction. (3) There is tight connection between skin and fat pad, which is divided into four areas as I, II, III, IV. The areas I, II, III are strip-shaped parelled to the nasolabial fold. The area IV is a irregular quadrilateral. (4) There are six fixation ligaments between malar fat pad and deep tissue: orbicularis retaining ligament upper layer of lower eyelid, orbicularis retaining ligament substratum of lower eyelid, zygomaticus ligament, zygomatic cutaneous ligament, zygomatic cutaneous ligament substratum, platysma There are four closely connected areas cutaneous forward ligament, cheek maxilla ligament.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  between the facial skin and malar fat pad which makes malar fat pad and skin keep relatively consistent. The malar fat pad moving down mainly resulted from slack of ligaments support which is one of the reasons for aging face.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery of Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, China.
authors.forename: Ning-ze
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhi-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lü
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D002102:Cadaver; D002610:Cheek; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*