title: Immunogenicity and protective effects of inactivated Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) vaccines in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides.
abstract: Vaccination is one of the best methods against viral diseases. In this study, experimental inactivated Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) vaccines were prepared, and immunogenicity and protection against virus infection of the vaccines were investigated in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Two kinds of vaccines, including β-propiolactone (BPL) inactivated virus at 4°C for 12 h and formalin inactivated virus at 4°C for 12 d, was highly protective against the challenge at 30-day post-vaccination and produced relative percent of survival rates of 91.7% and 100%, respectively. These effective vaccinations induced potent innate immune responses mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). It is noteworthy that ISGs, such as Mx and ISG15, were up-regulated only in the effective vaccine groups, which suggested that type I IFN system may be the functional basis of early anti-viral immunity. Moreover, effective vaccination also significantly up-regulated of the expression of MHC class I gene and produced substantial amount of specific serum antibody at 4 weeks post-vaccination. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrated that effective vaccination in grouper induced an early, nonspecific antiviral immunity, and later, a specific immune response involving both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhengliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ou-yang
authors.forename: Peiran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Youhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Huasong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jingguang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yongcan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qiwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001492:Bass; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D017994:Iridovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines