title: Antagonism of L-type Ca(v) channels with nifedipine differentially affects performance of wildtype and NK1R-/- mice in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction-Time Task.
abstract: Mice with functional ablation of the substance P-preferring receptor gene ('Nk1r' in mice ('NK1R-/-'), 'TACR1' in humans) display deficits in cognitive performance that resemble those seen in patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): namely, inattentiveness, impulsivity and perseveration. A recent report suggested that the L-type Ca(v) channel blocker, nifedipine, can ameliorate behavioral abnormalities of this type in humans. In light of evidence that NK1R antagonists modulate the opening of these L-type channels, we investigated whether nifedipine modifies %premature responses (impulsivity), perseveration or %omissions (inattentiveness) in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction-Time Task (5-CSRTT) and whether the response differs in NK1R-/- and wildtype mice. %Premature responses and perseveration were reduced in both genotypes, although wildtype mice were more sensitive to the effects of nifedipine than NK1R-/- mice. By contrast, nifedipine greatly increased %omissions but, again, was more potent in wildtypes. %Accuracy and locomotor activity were unaffected in either genotype. We infer that behavior of mice in the 5-CSRTT depends on the regulation of striato-cortical networks by L-type Ca(v) channels and NK1R. We further suggest that disruption of NK1R signaling in patients with ADHD, especially those with polymorphisms of the TACR1 gene, could lead to compensatory changes in the activity of L-type channels that underlie or exacerbate their problems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Ruth K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Ting C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ewelina M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Grabowska
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grimmé
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: S Clare
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Stanford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D009543:Nifedipine