title: Evaluation of emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk stratification of hypertensive patients: a 2-year study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if there is a correlation between some new emerging biomarkers, such as lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), apo(a) isoform phenotyping, soluble advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cardiovascular risk stratification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred patients were enrolled in this open-label, case-control design trial: 156 hypertensive patients and 144 healthy subjects as control group. Hypertensive patients were treated according to the latest ESH/ESC guidelines, until the desirable goal of systolic blood pressure (SBP)<140 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)<90 mmHg was reached. We evaluated at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months: SBP, DBP, lipid profile, Lp(a), apo(a) isoform phenotyping, sRAGE, sCD40L, and MPO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertensive patients presented higher levels of blood pressure, Lp(a), sCD40L, and MPO and lower levels of sRAGE compared with controls. We observed a decrease of blood pressure, Lp(a), sCD40L, and MPO and an increase of sRAGE after anti-hypertensive treatment. Moreover we observed moderate, but statistically significant, correlations between blood pressure decrease and Lp(a), MPO, and sCD40L decrease and between blood pressure decrease and sRAGE increase. There was also a modest, positive correlation between low molecular weight apo(a) isoforms and hypertension. A limitation of this study is that we cannot exclude a role for lifestyle measures. Furthermore the studied markers seem to improve with blood pressure lowering treatment, but we do not have enough statistical power to definitely state which drug used has a specific action on the various variables measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lp(a), sRAGE, MPO, sCD40L, and low molecular weight apo(a) isoforms are associated with hypertension and may represent an increased cardiovascular risk. Longer studies are needed to see if these parameters can be also used to predict specific complications linked to hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mugellini
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fogari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffioli
mesh_terms: D053241:Apoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053241:Apoprotein(a)