title: Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment.
abstract: Bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation pose key challenges to the optimal performance of medical devices. In this study, we determined the attachment of selected bacterial species to hundreds of polymeric materials in a high-throughput microarray format. Using this method, we identified a group of structurally related materials comprising ester and cyclic hydrocarbon moieties that substantially reduced the attachment of pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). Coating silicone with these 'hit' materials achieved up to a 30-fold (96.7%) reduction in the surface area covered by bacteria compared with a commercial silver hydrogel coating in vitro, and the same material coatings were effective at reducing bacterial attachment in vivo in a mouse implant infection model. These polymers represent a class of materials that reduce the attachment of bacteria that could not have been predicted to have this property from the current understanding of bacteria-surface interactions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Chien-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Jeni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luckett
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cockayne
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bayston
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Martyn C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Morgan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000382:microbiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000382:microbiology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008689:Methacrylates; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008853:Microscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers