title: Lineage tree for the venous pole of the heart: clonal analysis clarifies controversial genealogy based on genetic tracing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic tracing experiments and cell lineage analyses are complementary approaches that give information about the progenitor cells of a tissue. Approaches based on gene expression have led to conflicting views about the origin of the venous pole of the heart. Whereas the heart forms from 2 sources of progenitor cells, the first and second heart fields, genetic tracing has suggested a distinct origin for caval vein myocardium, from a proposed third heart field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cell lineage history of the myocardium at the venous pole of the heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used retrospective clonal analyses to investigate lineage segregation for myocardium at the venous pole of the mouse heart, independent of gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our lineage analysis unequivocally shows that caval vein and atrial myocardium share a common origin and demonstrates a clonal relationship between the pulmonary vein and progenitors of the left venous pole. Clonal characteristics give insight into the development of the veins. Unexpectedly, we found a lineage relationship between the venous pole and part of the arterial pole, which is derived exclusively from the second heart field. Integration of results from genetic tracing into the lineage tree adds a further temporal dimension to this reconstruction of the history of venous myocardium and the arterial pole.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Génétique Moléculaire du Développement, CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lescroart
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohun
authors.forename: Sigolène M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Meilhac
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology*; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology