title: In vivo hemostatic efficacy of polyurethane foam compared to collagen and gelatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Topical hemostatic agents are used in all surgical disciplines. Most of these hemostats are based on animal-derived products like collagen and gelatin. They carry the potential risk of pathogen transmission. A newly developed biodegradable, fully synthetic hemostatic agent based on polyurethane foam (PU) with 55 % polyethylene glycol (PEG) would prevent these potential risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hemostatic efficacy of this new agent was compared to gelatin and collagen in humans who underwent extraction of an upper and lower molar (split-mouth model). After extraction of a molar in the maxilla and mandible, a PU foam and collagen or gelatin were inserted in the extraction socket for 2 min. Hereafter, the agents were removed and stored in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to stop coagulation. Then, the concentration of coagulation parameters thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, fibrinogen, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in blood extracts from the agents was measured. The concentrations were also determined in baseline blood samples which were collected from the extraction socket.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of TAT and TxB2 were significantly increased, and fibrinogen concentration was significantly reduced compared to baseline wound blood concentrations indicating enhanced hemostasis. No significant differences were seen in the concentrations of these coagulation parameters in the three different hemostatic agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that PU combined with 55 % PEG is a promising alternative for the animal-derived hemostatic agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The synthetic hemostatic agent could replace the animal-derived products like collagen and gelatin and therewith prevent the potential risk of pathogen transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. f.i.broekema@umcg.nl
authors.forename: Ferdinand I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Broekema
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Oeveren
authors.forename: Maaike H A
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Selten
authors.forename: Rolf J H
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Joost T M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: de Wolf
authors.forename: Rudolf R M
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005780:Gelatin; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000032:analysis; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D011140:Polyurethanes; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D005780:Gelatin; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005340:Fibrinogen; D003094:Collagen; C028279:polyurethane foam; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases