title: Wheeled mobility device transportation safety in fixed route and demand-responsive public transit vehicles within the United States.
abstract: An overview of the current status of wheelchair transportation safety in fixed route and demand-responsive, non-rail, public transportation vehicles within the US is presented. A description of each mode of transportation is provided, followed by a discussion of the primary issues affecting safety, accessibility, and usability. Technologies such as lifts, ramps, securement systems, and occupant restraint systems, along with regulations and voluntary industry standards have been implemented with the intent of improving safety and accessibility for individuals who travel while seated in their wheeled mobility device (e.g., wheelchair or scooter). However, across both fixed route and demand-responsive transit systems a myriad of factors such as nonuse and misuse of safety systems, oversized wheeled mobility devices, vehicle space constraints, and inadequate vehicle operator training may place wheeled mobility device (WhMD) users at risk of injury even under non-impact driving conditions. Since WhMD-related incidents also often occur during the boarding and alighting process, the frequency of these events, along with factors associated with these events are described for each transit mode. Recommendations for improving WhMD transportation are discussed given the current state of
authors.affiliation: J.B. Speed School of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. USA. k.frost@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Roosmalen
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertocci
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cross
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States; D014910:Wheelchairs