title: Factors associated with carriage of multi-resistant commensal Escherichia coli among postmenopausal women in Ujjain, India.
abstract: There is paucity of surveillance studies on antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli. The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine factors associated with peri-anal carriage of multi-resistant E. coli by healthy postmenopausal women. A structured questionnaire was completed for consecutive healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 y and above attending the outpatient clinics of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, as recommended in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The study showed that 28% of healthy women carried multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli in the peri-anal region. The factors significantly associated with carriage of MDR E. coli were family size > 10 (OR 8.23, 95% CI 2.73-24.73; p < 0.001), antibiotic use in the past 2 weeks (OR 5.39, 95% CI 2.36-12.34; p < 0.001), and hospitalization in the past 2 weeks (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.73-9.31; p = 0.001). This is the first study from India reporting the MDR E. coli carriage rate in healthy women aged over 45 y.
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Health-IHCAR, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ashish.pathak@ki.se
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahadik
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Yogyata
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Marothi
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Ragini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macaden
authors.forename: Cecilia Stålsby
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lundborg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents