title: Spatio-temporal regulation of ADAR editing during development in porcine neural tissues.
abstract: Editing by ADAR enzymes is essential for mammalian life. Still, knowledge of the spatio-temporal editing patterns in mammals is limited. By use of 454 amplicon sequencing we examined the editing status of 12 regionally extracted mRNAs from porcine developing brain encompassing a total of 64 putative ADAR editing sites. In total 24 brain tissues, dissected from up to five regions from embryonic gestation day 23, 42, 60, 80, 100 and 115, were examined for editing.       Generally, editing increased during embryonic development concomitantly with an increase in ADAR2 mRNA level. Notably, the Gria2 (GluR-B) Q/R site, reported to be ~100% edited in previous studies, is only 54% edited at embryonic day 23. Transcripts with multiple editing sites in close proximity to each other exhibit coupled editing and an extraordinary incidence of long-range coupling of editing events more than 32 kb apart is observed for the kainate glutamate receptor 2 transcript, Grik2. Our study reveals complex spatio-temporal ADAR editing patterns of coordinated editing events that may play important roles in the development of the mammalian brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Venø
authors.forename: Jesper B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bramsen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bendixen
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panitz
authors.forename: Ida Elisabeth
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Öhman
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjems
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D017393:RNA Editing; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase