title: Inhibitory effects of chloroquine on the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in SIVmac239-infected Chinese rhesus macaques.
abstract: It is currently widely accepted that immune activation in HIV-infected individuals leads to a severe loss of CD4⁺ T cells and the progression to AIDS. However, the underlying mechanism of this immune activation remains unclear. Experimental data suggest that the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by plasma viremia may play a critical role in HIV-induced immune activation. In this study, we found that the level of immune activation was higher in the late phase of SIVmac239 infection compared with chronic infection, which suggests that immune activation might be related to disease progression in SIVmac239-infected non-human primate models. Our work also showed that chloroquine could effectively inhibit the activation of pDCs in vitro and in vivo. However, chloroquine treatment of SIVmac239-infected macaques had no significant influence on the Cellular composition of peripheral blood in these animals.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hou-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Gao-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Li-Guo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002738:Chloroquine