title: 3-(3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-ylsulfonyl)benzoic Acids: highly potent and selective inhibitors of the type 5 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase AKR1C3.
abstract: A high-throughput screen identified 3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-ylsulfonyl)benzoic acid as a novel, highly potent (low nM), and isoform-selective (1500-fold) inhibitor of aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3: a target of interest in both breast and prostate cancer. Crystal structure studies showed that the carboxylate group occupies the oxyanion hole in the enzyme, while the sulfonamide provides the correct twist to allow the dihydroisoquinoline to bind in an adjacent hydrophobic pocket. SAR studies around this lead showed that the positioning of the carboxylate was critical, although it could be substituted by acid isosteres and amides. Small substituents on the dihydroisoquinoline gave improvements in potency. A set of "reverse sulfonamides" showed a 12-fold preference for the R stereoisomer. The compounds showed good cellular potency, as measured by inhibition of AKR1C3 metabolism of a known dinitrobenzamide substrate, with a broad rank order between enzymic and cellular activity, but amide analogues were more effective than predicted by the cellular assay.
authors.affiliation: Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Stephen M F
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Darby G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Brooke
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Graham J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.forename: Shevan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Laurent J M
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rigoreau
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trivier
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soudy
authors.forename: Sharon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Samlal
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raynham
authors.forename: Jack U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Denny
mesh_terms: D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000074425:Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3; D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; C487341:AKR1C3 protein, human; D000074425:Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3