title: Inhibition of toxic actions of phospholipase A2 isolated & characterized from the Indian Banded Krait (Bungarus fasciatus) venom by synthetic herbal compounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) is one of the major constituents of krait venom associated with several pathophysiological actions like myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, etc. As there was no specific antiserum available against Bungarus fasciatus venom, this study was done with synthetic herbal compounds, anti PLA2 rabbit antiserum and commercial polyvalent snake venom antiserum to neutralize the PLA2 induced toxicities in experimental models.
  
  
  METHODS
  B. fasciatus venom phospholipase A2 fraction 38 (BF-38) was isolated by ion exchange chromatography, molecular weight was determined by mass spectrometry and its N terminal amino acid sequence was identified. Monospecific rabbit antiserum was raised against the PLA2 in presence of Freund complete adjuvant. The neutralization of PLA2 induced toxicities was done in in vitro and in in vivo models using synthetic herbal compounds, anti PLA2 rabbit antiserum and commercial polyvalent snake venom antiserum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A toxic PLA2 (BF-38) was purified from the B. fasciatus venom by CM-cellulose and HPLC, of 13.17 kDa and a minor band of 7.3 kDa using ESI-MS. The 13.17 kDa PLA2 sequence was NLYQFKNMIQC. The 7.3 kDa toxin sequence was RKCLTKYSQDNES and was found to be <10 per cent w/w. Anti PLA2 rabbit antiserum produced faint precipitant band in immunogel diffusion and showed low titre value. The commercial polyvalent snake venom antiserum, anti PLA2 rabbit antiserum and the synthetic herbal compounds neutralized the PLA2 induced toxicities at different intensities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that synthetic herbal compound (BA) along with antiserum might provide effective protection against PLA2 induced toxicities of B. fasciatus venom.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Shamik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Sanghamitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002038:Bungarotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017838:Bungarus; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D062425:Hydroxybenzoate Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: C112536:2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid; D001565:Benzoates; D002038:Bungarotoxins; D062425:Hydroxybenzoate Ethers; D007106:Immune Sera; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004520:4-anisic acid; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D020156:Salicylic Acid