title: Evidence of multiple introductions of beak and feather disease virus into the Pacific islands of Nouvelle-Caledonie (New Caledonia).
abstract: Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a circular ssDNA virus that causes psittacine beak and feather disease and has almost global presence. Here, we report for the first time the presence of in Nouvelle-Calédonie (New Caledonia). One hundred and sixty-eight exotic and 79 endemic birds were sampled in Nouvelle-Calédonie, 26 were found to be positive for BFDV. We characterized the full genomes of 26 isolates and phylogenetic analysis placed nine of the isolates into the BFDV-J strain, with the remaining 17 isolates from Deplanche's Rainbow Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus deplanchii) forming a novel strain, BFDV-P. Of more concern was the discovery of an infected bird from the vulnerable and endemic New Caledonian Parakeet (Cyanoramphus saisseti). Our results reveal that there have been at least two introductions of BFDV into Nouvelle-Calédonie.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Laurel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.affiliation: Direction de l'Environnement de la Province Sud, Service des Aires Aménagées Protégées, Antenne territoriale du Grand Nouméa, Parc zoologique et Forestier, Michel Corbasson, BP 3718, 98846 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Direction de l'Environnement de la Province Sud, Service des Aires Aménagées Protégées, Antenne territoriale du Grand Nouméa, Parc zoologique et Forestier, Michel Corbasson, BP 3718, 98846 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chenuet
authors.affiliation: Direction de l'Environnement de la Province Sud, Service des Aires Aménagées Protégées, Antenne territoriale du Grand Nouméa, Parc zoologique et Forestier, Michel Corbasson, BP 3718, 98846 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonzon
authors.affiliation: Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires, Alimentaires et Rurales, Port Laguerre, BP.42 - 98890 Païta, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.affiliation: Direction de l'Environnement de la Province Sud, Service des Aires Aménagées Protégées, Antenne territoriale du Grand Nouméa, Parc zoologique et Forestier, Michel Corbasson, BP 3718, 98846 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vignon
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Collings
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Centre for Conservation Medicine - Auckland Zoological Park, Motions Road, Western Springs, Auckland 1022, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.|Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varsani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017925:Circovirus; D005241:Feathers / Q000821:virology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009510:New Caledonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D010311:Parrots; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity