title: Understanding the relationship between Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes from cattle in Latin American countries.
abstract: Spoligotyping is the most frequently used method for genotyping isolates of Mycobacterium bovis worldwide. In the current work, we compared spoligotypes from 1684 M. bovis isolates from Argentina (816), Brazil (412), Chile (66), Mexico (274) and Venezuela (116), obtained from cattle, humans, pigs, wild boars, farmed deer, goats, buffaloes, cats, and wild animals. A total of 269 different spoligotypes were found: 142 (8.4%) isolates presented orphan spoligotypes, whereas 1542 (91.6%) formed 113 different clusters. In cattle, SB0140 was the most representative spoligotype with 355 (24.6%) isolates, followed by SB0121 with 149 (10.3%) isolates. Clustering of spoligotypes ranged from 95.2% in Argentina to 85.3% in Mexico. Orphan spoligotypes were also variable, ranging from 23.7% in Mexico to 4.1% in Brazil. A large proportion of spoligotypes were common to the neighboring countries Argentina, Brazil and Chile. In conclusion, despite the diversity of spoligotypes found in the five countries studied, there are major patterns that predominate in these neighboring countries. These clusters may reflect a long-lasting active transmission of bovine tuberculosis or common historical origins of infection.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zumárraga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arriaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barandiaran
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cobos-Marín
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Waard
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Estrada-Garcia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Y-Merchand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milián-Suazo
authors.forename: C A R
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Santillán
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Suffys
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Trangoni
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zárraga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cataldi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology; D001118:Argentina; D001938:Brazil; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000382:microbiology; D002415:Cats / Q000382:microbiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000662:veterinary; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000662:veterinary; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000382:microbiology*; D014687:Venezuela