title: Current interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors and crack cocaine use among HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: The dual global epidemics of crack cocaine use and HIV have resulted in a large number of people living with HIV who use crack cocaine, many of whom continue to engage in unprotected sex. Crack use also increases the rate of HIV progression. Consequently, there is an urgent need for effective interventions to decrease crack use and unprotected sex and to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in this population. This article reviews the recent published literature on interventions for reducing crack use and unprotected sex among people living with HIV. Only a few intervention outcome studies targeting exclusively HIV positive crack cocaine users were identified, whereas other studies used a mixed sample. Some interventions focused on reducing crack use and several focused on reducing sex-risk behaviors. Consequently, there is a critical need for efficacious interventions that address crack use, risky sex and ART adherence among people living with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Substance Abuse, Treatment, Evaluations and Interventions Program, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 USA. wmw@rti.org
authors.forename: Wendee M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wechsberg
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Golin
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Bassel
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zule
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine