title: Comparative evaluation of effects of chemo-mechanical and conventional caries removal on dentinal morphology and its bonding characteristics - an SEM study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of three caries removal techniques namely: Papacarie(®), calcium hydroxide and rotary instruments by SEM analyses of the micro-morphology of residual dentine and resin tags at resin-dentine interface.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 extracted human permanent molar teeth, with occlusal caries extending up to dentine, were divided into two groups (Group 1 and 2) and each group was subdivided into three subgroups: subgroup A included teeth treated with conventional rotary method, subgroup B and C included those treated with calcium hydroxide and Papacarie(®) respectively. Group 1 samples were prepared for viewing the micro-morphology of residual dentine (2000x and 5000x) and Group 2 samples were filled with composite resin and analysed for resin tag formation (1000x) under SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Papacarie(®) showed minimal smear layer and open dentinal tubules. Calcium hydroxide and rotary instruments showed a typical smear layer and occluded dentinal tubules. Resin tags obtained with Papacarie(®) were the longest and significantly superior to those obtained with rotary and calcium hydroxide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Papacarie(®) exhibited better bonding characteristics of residual dentine than calcium hydroxide and rotary method of caries removal. Thus, Papacarie(®) is a suitable alternative to conventional method of caries removal, especially in paediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India. rachita.arora1@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Chaitra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kishor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rallan
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010206:Papain / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D016369:Smear Layer; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C520091:CeramX; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C509557:Papacarie; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; D019279:Resin Cements; D018130:Diamond; C030242:phosphoric acid; D010206:Papain; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide