title: The effect of high-frequency conditioning stimulation of human skin on reported pain intensity and event-related potentials.
abstract: High-frequency conditioning electrical stimulation (HFS) of human skin induces an increased pain sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in the surrounding nonconditioned skin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HFS on reported pain sensitivity to single electrical stimuli applied within the area of conditioning stimulation. We also investigated the central nervous system responsiveness to these electrical stimuli by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs). Single electrical test stimuli were applied in the conditioned area before and 30 min after HFS. During electrical test stimulation, the reported pain intensity (numerical rating scale) and EEG (ERPs) were measured. Thirty minutes after conditioning stimulation, we observed a decrease of reported pain intensity at both the conditioned and control (opposite arm) skin site in response to the single electrical test stimuli. In contrast, we observed enhanced ERP amplitudes after HFS at the conditioned skin site, compared with control site, in response to the single electrical test stimuli. Recently, it has been proposed that ERPs, at least partly, reflect a saliency detection system. Therefore, the enhanced ERPs might reflect enhanced saliency to potentially threatening stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. emanuelvandenbroeke@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Emanuel N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: van den Broeke
authors.forename: Casper H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Heck
authors.forename: Linda A J M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ceelen
authors.forename: Clementina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Rijn
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Goor
authors.forename: Oliver H G
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Wilder-Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058256:Brain Waves; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059225:Nociception / Q000502:physiology*; D059226:Nociceptive Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation; D014110:Touch; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation