title: Infarct volume after hyperacute infusion of hypertonic saline in a rat model of acute embolic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertonic saline (HS) can treat cerebral edema arising from a number of pathologic conditions. However, physicians are reluctant to use it during the first 24 h after stroke because of experimental evidence that it increases infarct volume when administered early after reperfusion. Here, we determined the effect of HS on infarct size in an embolic clot model without planned reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clot was injected into the internal carotid artery of male Wistar rats to reduce perfusion in the middle cerebral artery territory to less than 40 % of baseline, as monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. After 25 min, rats were randomized to receive 10 mL/kg of 7.5 % HS (50:50 chloride:acetate) or normal saline (NS) followed by a 0.5 mL/h infusion of the same solution for 22 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infarct volume was similar between NS and HS groups (in mm(3): cortex 102 ± 65 mm(3) vs. 93 ± 49 mm(3), p = 0.72; caudoputamenal complex 15 ± 9 mm(3) vs. 21 ± 14, p = 0.22; total hemisphere 119 ± 76 mm(3) vs. 114 ± 62, p = 0.88, respectively). Percent water content was unchanged in the infarcted hemisphere (NS 81.6 ± 1.5 %; HS 80.7 ± 1.3 %, p = 0.16), whereas the HS-treated contralateral hemisphere was significantly dehydrated (NS 79.4 ± 0.8 %; HS 77.5 ± 0.8 %, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HS reduced contralateral hemispheric water content but did not affect ipsilateral brain water content when compared to NS. Infarct volume was unaffected by HS administration at all evaluated locations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-7840, USA. apapang1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papangelou
authors.forename: Thomas J K
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Toung
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: Marek A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mirski
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic