title: Laminated safety glass as an intermediate target: a wound ballistic study.
abstract: Various 9-mm ammunitions (A1, A4, A5, ST, GS, GSb, P.E.P., SeCa, HP, PTP/s, VM, McVG, DM41, PTP, SX2, PT, and MEN frangible) were tested regarding their velocity, energy, angle of impact, and potential wound channel after penetrating a car window at 30° and 90°. Test materials were gelatine, soap, and pig cadavers. The velocities of the projectiles were between c. 288 and 430 m/ses, the energy spread between 394 and 564 J. Handgun bullets fired through vehicular side window glass lose substantial energy reducing the effectiveness of the ammunition. This effect is greater when fired at an angle of 30° compared to 90°. At a shooting angle of 90°, none of the different projectiles showed remarkable differences considering its wound ballistic features. Accuracy is maintained at a 90° angle but seriously impaired at 30°. None of the examined ammunition complied with the demanded wound channel effectiveness of 30-60 J/cm.
authors.affiliation: IFFB Gerichtsmedizin und Forensische Neuropsychiatrie, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg-Linz, Salzburg, Austria. sebastian.kunz@sbg.ac.at
authors.forename: Sebastian N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: Bettina M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Zinka
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fieseler
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graw
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peschel