title: Structure-based replacement of methionine residues at the catalytic domains with serine significantly improves the oxidative stability of alkaline amylase from alkaliphilic Alkalimonas amylolytica.
abstract: The alkaline amylase requires high resistance towards chemical oxidation for use in the detergent and textile industries. This work aims to improve the oxidative stability of alkaline amylase from alkaliphilic Alkalimonas amylolytica by site-directed mutagenesis based on the enzyme structure model. Five mutants were created by individually replacing methionine at positions 145, 214, 229, 247, and 317 in the amino acid sequence of alkaline amylase with oxidative-resistant serine. The pH stability of the mutant enzymes was almost the same as that of the wild-type (WT) enzyme (pH 7.0-11.0). The stable temperature range of the mutant enzymes M145S and M247S decreased from <50 °C of the WT to <40 °C, while the thermal stability of the other three mutant enzymes (M214S, M229S, and M317S) was almost the same as that of the WT enzyme. The catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of all the mutant enzymes decreased when compared to WT enzyme. The mutant enzymes showed increased activity in the presence of surfactants Tween-60 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. When incubated with 500 mM H(2)O(2) at 35 °C for 5 h, the WT enzyme retained only 13.3% of its original activity, while the mutant enzymes M145S, M214S, M229S, M247S, and M317S retained 55.6, 70.2, 54.2, 62.5, and 46.4% of the original activities, respectively. The results indicated that the substitution of methionine residues at the catalytic domains with oxidative-resistant serine can significantly improve the oxidative stability of alkaline amylase. This work provides an effective strategy to improve the oxidative stability of amylase, and the high oxidation resistance of the mutant enzymes shows their potential applications in the detergent and textile industries.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Haiquan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guocheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008715:Methionine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012694:Serine; D008715:Methionine; D000516:alpha-Amylases