title: Diagnosis and consequences of cocaine addiction.
abstract: Cocaine remains the second most commonly used and trafficked illicit drug in the world after cannabis. This psychostimulant drug has become an essential part of the world drug scene with a different use among countries. Prevalence of cocaine use (lifetime, last year, last month use) is particulary high among males aged between 15 and 34 years. Five per cent of cocaine users will develop a substance- dependence during the first year of use, and 20% of these will become long-term cocaine-dependent patients. The number of patients entering drug treatment for primary cocaine use has been increasing in Europe for several years. Cocaine addiction is a worldwide public health problem, which has somatic, psychological, psychiatric, socio-economic and judicial complications. This article aims to provide the clinician with a detailed description of the clinical aspects, the adverse effects and the complications of cocaine addiction. Literature searches were conducted for the period from January 1985 to February 2012 using PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris Sud-11 University, AP-HP, INSERM-CEA U1000, Villejuif, France. Laurent.karila@pbr.aphp.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynaud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D003042:Cocaine