title: Educating health consumers about cardio-metabolic health risk: what can we learn from lay mental models of risk?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study lay conceptions of cardio-metabolic risk and compare them with those of experts, in order to formulate focal points for better educational risk information.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 Dutch lay people were interviewed about the risks of developing cardio-metabolic diseases. Following a 'mental models approach', their conceptions were qualitatively analyzed and compared to an expert model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified four key themes representing lay conceptions: (1) "same factors, different value" (e.g. the dominance of certain factors, such as stress); (2) "superficiality and incoherence" (e.g. a focus on health and illness in general); (3) "misjudged elevated risk concept" (e.g. either being sick or not); and (4) "no concept of a link between cardio-metabolic diseases" (e.g. separate links between causes and diseases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential mismatches between lay and expert conceptions do not seem to indicate a lack of basic knowledge among consumers, but rather that certain risk factors are not effectively translated into a coherent risk picture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In improving educational materials, we could more explicitly take into account factors that lay people find important. Additionally, effort should be made to produce a more coherent risk understanding among consumers, for example through an alternative information structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. o.damman@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Olga C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Damman
authors.forename: Danielle R M
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Timmermans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054626:Consumer Health Information / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009426:Netherlands; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013637:Tape Recording; D055815:Young Adult