title: Comparative pathology of smallpox and monkeypox in man and macaques.
abstract: In the three decades since the eradication of smallpox and cessation of routine vaccination, the collective memory of the devastating epidemics caused by this orthopoxvirus has waned, and the human population has become increasingly susceptible to a disease that remains high on the list of possible bioterrorism agents. Research using surrogate orthopoxviruses in their natural hosts, as well as limited variola virus research in animal models, continues worldwide; however, interpretation of findings is often limited by our relative lack of knowledge about the naturally occurring disease. For modern comparative pathologists, many of whom have no first-hand knowledge of naturally occurring smallpox, this work provides a contemporary review of this historical disease, as well as discussion of how it compares with human monkeypox and the corresponding diseases in macaques.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA. cannja@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cann
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jahrling
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wahl-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D045908:Mpox, Monkeypox / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D012899:Smallpox / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D013045:Species Specificity