title: Pregnancy and birth outcomes of women with intellectual disability in Sweden: a national register study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antenatal health and demographic factors as well as pregnancy and delivery outcomes in women with intellectual disability (ID) in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based register study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Patient Register (NPR) linked to the Medical Birth Register (MBR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with ID classified as International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 8-10 who gave birth in 1999-2007 (n = 326), identified from the NPR linked to the MBR, were compared with all first-time, singleton mothers without ID or any other psychiatric diagnoses during this period in Sweden (n = 340 624).
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based data were extracted from the NPR and the MBR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health and socio-demography at first antenatal visit, mode of delivery, pain relief during labor, preterm birth and discharge from hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher proportion of women with ID were teenagers (18.4 vs. 3.3%), obese (20.1 vs. 8.6%) and single (36.6 vs. 6.2%) compared with women without ID, and women with ID smoked more often (27.9 vs. 7.9%). Women with ID had more often a preterm birth (12.2 vs. 6.1%), a cesarean section (CS) (24.5 vs. 17.7%) and used less nitrous oxide as pain relief during labor (59.5 vs. 75.8%). Women with ID had a higher risk for preterm birth [odds ratio (OR) 1.68], CS (OR1.55), non-use of nitrous oxide (OR 1.89) and discharge from hospital to a place other than home (OR 2.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant women with ID should be considered a risk group suggesting that better tailored pre- and intrapartum care and support are needed for these women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Höglund
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D009609:Nitrous Oxide