title: Endoscopic sandwich technique for moderate nasal septal perforations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article was to describe our surgical technique for the treatment of nasal septal perforations with diameters of 1 to 2 cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical research.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 13 patients with moderate nasal septal perforations (1-2 cm diameter) treated with a sandwich technique (bone or cartilage and quadriceps fascia graft as an interposition graft) by an endoscope-assisted intranasal approach from January 2008 to June 2011. Follow-up periods were 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients were treated with the sandwich technique. Twelve cases (92.3%) were completely healed. One case received incomplete closures without any postoperative symptoms. All patients were found not to have any complications after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transnasal endoscopic sandwich technique for repairing moderate nasal septal perforation (1-2 cm) has a high success rate and is easy to perform.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, and Otolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng-Hong
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Yi-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jian-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061270:Nasal Septal Perforation / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome