title: Long-term stability, biocompatibility and oral delivery potential of risperidone-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles.
abstract: A solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) formulation to improve the oral delivery of risperidone (RISP), a poorly water-soluble drug, was designed and tested. Initially, lipid-RISP solubility was screened to select the best lipid for SLN preparation. Compritol(®)-based formulations were chosen and their long-term stability was assessed over two years of storage (at 25 °C and 4 °C) by means of particle size, polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential (ZP) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) measurements. SLN shape was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at the beginning and end of the study. The oxidative potential (OP) of the SLN was measured and their biocompatibility with Caco-2 cells was evaluated using the (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-dyphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In vitro drug release and transport studies were performed to predict the in vivo release profile and to evaluate the drug delivery potential of the SLN formulations, respectively. The RISP-loaded SLN systems were stable and had high EE and similar shape to the placebo formulations before and after storage. Classical Fickian diffusion was identified as the release mechanism for RISP from the SLN formulation. Biocompatibility and dose-dependent RISP transport across Caco-2 cells were observed for the prepared SLN formulations. The viability of SLN as formulations for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs such as RISP was illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology/Centre of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. ana.silva@ff.up.pt
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forbes
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D018967:Risperidone