title: The long-term impact of urbanization on nitrogen patterns and dynamics in Shanghai, China.
abstract: Urbanization is an important process that alters the regional and global nitrogen biogeochemistry. In this study, we test how long-term urbanization (1952-2004) affects the nitrogen flows, emissions and drivers in the Greater Shanghai Area (GSA) based on the coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) approach. Results show that: (1) total nitrogen input to the GSA increased from 57.7 to 587.9 Gg N yr(-1) during the period 1952-2004, mainly attributing to fossil fuel combustion (43%), Haber-Bosch nitrogen fixation (31%), and food/feed import (26%); (2) per capita nitrogen input increased from 13.5 to 45.7 kg N yr(-1), while per gross domestic product (GDP) nitrogen input reduced from 22.2 to 0.9 g N per Chinese Yuan, decoupling of nitrogen with GDP; (3) emissions of reactive nitrogen to the environment transformed from agriculture dominated to industry and human living dominated, especially for air pollution. This study provides decision-makers a novel view of nitrogen management.
authors.affiliation: College of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors.forename: Baojing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Changhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D005579:Fossil Fuels / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007221:Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D014507:Urbanization / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D009584:Nitrogen