title: Contingency, employment intentions, and retention of vulnerable low-wage workers: an examination of nursing assistants in nursing homes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While theories of job turnover generally assume a strong correlation between job satisfaction, intention, and retention, such models may be limited in explaining turnover of low-wage health care workers. Low-wage workers likely have a lower ability to act on their employment intentions or plans due to a lack of resources that serve to cushion higher wage workers. In this study, we examine the relationship between job satisfaction, intention, and retention of nursing assistants in nursing homes and the role that "contingency factors" play in employment intentions and retention. We conceptualize "contingency factors" as resource-related constraints (e.g., being a single mother) that likely influence employment trajectories of individuals but can be independent of job satisfaction or intent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use survey data from 315 nursing assistants in 18 nursing homes in a U.S. southern state to model employment intentions and retention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find that job satisfaction and other perceived job characteristics (e.g., workload and perceived quality of care) are significant predictors of an individual's intent to stay in their job, the occupation of nursing assistant, and the field of long-term care. However, we find that job satisfaction and employment intentions are not significant predictors of retention. Instead, "contingency factors" such as being a primary breadwinner and individual characteristics (e.g., tenure and past health care experience) appear to be stronger factors in the retention of nursing assistants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have implications for understanding turnover among low-wage health care workers and the use of proxies such as employment intentions in measuring turnover.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Akron, Olin Hall 247, Akron, OH 44325-1905, USA. jsdill@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Janette S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dill
authors.forename: Jennifer Craft
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pruchno
mesh_terms: D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D016015:Logistic Models; D009728:Nursing Assistants / Q000523:psychology*; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D000078329:Workforce