title: Src and Syk are targeted to an anti-inflammatory ethanol extract of Aralia continentalis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (Araliaceae) is a representative ethnomedicinal herbal plant traditionally prescribed in Korea to relieve various inflammatory symptoms. However, the exact molecular mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity has not been fully investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of the ethanol extract from the roots of this plant (Ac-EE) on the production of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) was studied in RAW264.7 cells. Its effect on inflammatory symptoms (gastritis and hepatitis) in mice was also examined. In particular, the molecular inhibitory mechanism was analysed by measuring the activation of transcription factors and their upstream signalling and the kinase activity of target enzymes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ac-EE dose-dependently suppressed NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. This extract also displayed curative activity against EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis and LPS-induced hepatitis in mice. Ac-EE-mediated anti-inflammatory activity was found to be at the transcriptional level, as it blocked the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway composed of Syk and Src, according to immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses and a kinase assay with whole and nucleus lysates from RAW264.7 cells and mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ac-EE may be developed as a functional herbal remedy targeting Syk- and Src-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Future work using pre-clinical studies will be needed to investigate this possibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Yoon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moh
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jueun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Deok
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Deok Hyo
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Ki Myun
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sukchan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Woong
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungyoul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027983:Aralia; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005756:Gastritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012997:Solvents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase; C000606897:Syk protein, mouse; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid