title: The pig as a preclinical model for intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and transplantation studies.
abstract: Small bowel transplantation has become an established procedure for treatment of irreversible intestinal failure. In this procedure, primary ischemia and reperfusion is inevitable and will lead to some level of tissue injury. Both clinical and experimental data demonstrate that events occurring at the time of transplantation, called ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), may have deleterious short- and long-term effects, manifesting as increased episodes of acute rejection and chronic allograft dysfunction. Recently, the acute phase of IRI has been increasingly viewed as part of the innate immune response to the lack of vascular perfusion and oxygen. Research on intestinal IRI that aims to understand its mechanisms and the means to reduce its impact on morbidity and mortality related to intestinal transplantations is considered important because a link has been suggested between innate immunity, adaptive immune responses and organ regeneration, and thus long-term graft function. This article provides an overview of porcine models commonly used to study intestinal reperfusion injury and to evaluate intestinal transplant protocols. It also updates the current knowledge obtained from this model, establishing the pig as a reference standard in intestinal transplantation research.
authors.affiliation: Pôle Digestif, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Centre de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France. yandza.t@chu-nice.fr
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yandza
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tauc
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Saint-Paul
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouaissi
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gugenheim
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hébuterne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000502:physiology; D007107:Immune System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1