title: Co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 predicts poor survival in human glioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 and MMP-19 have been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of human gliomas. However, their prognostic values are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 has prognostic relevance in human gliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to investigate the expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 proteins in 128 patients with gliomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression levels of MMP-14 and MMP-19 proteins in glioma tissues were both significantly higher (both P < 0.001) than those in non-neoplastic brain tissues according to the immunohistochemistry analysis, which was confirmed by the western blot analysis. Additionally, the overexpression of either MMP-14 or MMP-19 was significantly associated with the advanced WHO grade (both P = 0.02), the low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) (P = 0.008 and 0.01, respectively) and the poor overall survival (both P = 0.01). Moreover, the Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that the increased expressions of MMP-14 and MMP-19 were both independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival (both P = 0.02). Furthermore, the co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 was additively and more significantly (P = 0.006) associated with adverse prognosis in patients with gliomas than respective expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicated for the first time that the co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 is significantly correlated with prognosis in glioma patients, suggesting that the co-expression of these proteins may be used as both an early diagnostic and independent prognostic marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yanyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Xinggang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jianhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053505:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053505:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted; C108362:matrix metalloproteinase 19; C507086:MMP14 protein, human; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14