title: [Surgery for jugular foramen schwannomas via a pure endoscopic transoral approach].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a new approach, endoscopic transoral approach for the resection of jugular foramen schwannoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with jugular foramen schwannoma (three males and six females, ranging in age from 15 to 61 years old) were treated by direct surgery via a pure endoscopic transoral approach to the jugular foramen. Eight patients complained of hypoglossal nerve palsy with hemiatrophy of the tongue; six cases complained of vagus nerve palsy. Three cases complained of glossopharyngeal nerve palsy, one case complained of facial nerve palsy and hearing loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nerves in this area were preserved and radical intracapsular removal of the tumor was performed via endoscopic transoral approach in the nine cases. Tumor removal, as assessed by intraoperative endoscopic inspection, postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation, revealed all tumors were completely removed. One patient suffered from temporary swallowing difficulties and temporary right vagus palsy 1 day after surgery. There were no others intraoperative and postoperative complications. All patients were followed up for 4 - 29 months, no recurrences were occurred in all these patients and the muscle bulk, motor and the pre-postoperative swallowing function, the vagus palsy, the facial nerve palsy and hearing loss had improved in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoscopic transoral approach and intracapsular removal of the tumor provided for successful minimally invasive surgery in the jugular foramen schwannomas.
authors.affiliation: Skull Base Surgery Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China. zhangqiuhang@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Qiu-hang
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhen-lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hai-li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Ming-chu
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yu-hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000601:surgery*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult