title: Remote ischemic perconditioning--a simple, low-risk method to decrease ischemic reperfusion injury: models, protocols and mechanistic background. A review.
abstract: Interruption of blood flow can cause ischemic reperfusion injury, which sometimes has a fatal outcome. Recognition of the phenomenon known as reperfusion injury has led to initial interventional approaches to lessen the degree of damage. A number of efficient pharmacologic agents and surgical techniques (e.g., local ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning) are available. A novel, alternative approach to target organ protection is remote ischemic conditioning triggered by brief repetitive ischemia and reperfusion periods in distant organs. Among the different surgical techniques is so-called remote ischemic perconditioning, a method that applies short periods of ischemic reperfusion to a distant organ delivered during target organ ischemia. Although ischemic reperfusion injury is reduced by this technique, the explanation for this phenomenon is still unclear, and approximately only a dozen reports on the topic have appeared in the literature. In our study, therefore, we investigated the connective mechanisms, signal transduction, and effector mechanisms behind remote perconditioning, with a review on molecular background and favorable effects. In addition, we summarize the various treatment protocols and models to promote future experimental and clinical research.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. szijartoattila@gmail.com
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szijártó
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Czigány
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Turóczi
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harsányi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide