title: The pill questionnaire in a nondemented Parkinson's disease population.
abstract: We assessed the Pill Questionnaire as a screen for mild cognitive impairment in nondemented Parkinson's disease patients. The relationship between ability to remember medications for Parkinson's disease in the Pill Questionnaire, mild cognitive impairment, and deficits on neuropsychological tests performed 2-3 weeks later blind to Pill Questionnaire results was assessed in movement disorders clinic patients. In 109 subjects, inaccurate medication reporting on the Pill Questionnaire was associated with lower scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Cognition and with deficits in memory, attention, executive function-inhibitory control, processing speed, visuospatial function, and language. Inaccurate medication reporting was also associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI, 0.91-5.88; P = .06) for mild cognitive impairment, with a specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 41%. The Pill Questionnaire is neither sensitive nor specific enough to be used as the sole screening or diagnostic tool for mild cognitive impairment. However, inaccurate medication reporting is associated with deficits spanning many cognitive domains and should alert a clinician to a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre, and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reginold
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duff-Canning
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang-Wai
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rothberg
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zadikoff
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eslinger
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mapstone
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persad
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Litvan
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marras
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires