title: Combination of tagging and tissue phase mapping to accelerate myocardial motion measurements in three directions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Until now, a three-directional velocity field has mostly been obtained by velocity encoding in three directions, which is very time-consuming and hence not usually used in clinical routine. We show the feasibility of combining in-plane tagging with through-plane tissue phase mapping (TPM) to encode a three-directional velocity field at 3 T with reduced overall acquisition time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of a three-directional velocity field was performed for 10 healthy volunteers. The motion patterns obtained by use of five different sequences including three-directional TPM, TPM in the through-plane direction, TPM in the through-plane direction with horizontal or vertical tagging lines, and TPM in the through-plane direction combined with a tagging grid were evaluated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A three-dimensional velocity field can be obtained in approximately half the acquisition time by combining through-plane TPM with in-plane tagging. Although the velocity information is derived by different means, differences between the information obtained by three-directional TPM encoding and the suggested technique are only minor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of tagging and TPM enables assessment of the three-directional velocity field in nearly half the time taken when the conventional three-directional TPM sequence is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. anja.lutz@uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bornstedt
authors.forename: Gerd Ulrich
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Nienhaus
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Etyngier
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rottbauer
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rasche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult