title: Emergency obstetric referral in rural Sierra Leone: what can motorbike ambulances contribute? A mixed-methods study.
abstract: Giving birth remains a dangerous endeavour for many of the world's women. Progress to improve this has been slow in sub-Saharan Africa. The second delay, where transport infrastructure is key in allowing a woman to reach care, has been a relatively neglected field of study. Six eRanger motorbike ambulances, specifically engineered for use on poor roads in resource-poor situations were provided in 2006 as part of an emergency referral system in rural Sierra Leone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of this referral system in terms of its use, acceptability and accessibility. Data were collected from usage records, and a series of semi-structured interviews and focus groups conducted to provide deeper understanding of the service. A total of 130 records of patients being transported to a health facility were found, 1/3 of which were for obstetric cases. The ambulance is being used regularly to transport patients to a health care facility. It is well known to the communities, is acceptable and accessible, and is valued by those it serves. District-wide traditional birth attendant training and the sensitisation activities provided a foundation for the introduction of the ambulance service, creating a high level of awareness of the service and its importance, particularly for women in labour. Motorbike ambulances are suited to remote areas and can function on poor roads inaccessible to other vehicles.
authors.affiliation: Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. Sunil.bhopal@newcastle.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sunil S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bhopal
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Halpin
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gerein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000552:Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D063130:Maternal Death / Q000517:prevention & control; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles; D011247:Pregnancy; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population; D012807:Sierra Leone; D013997:Time Factors