title: Predicting the histology of small renal masses using preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether magnetic resonance imaging can predict the histologic type of small renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 63 patients with computed tomography- or ultrasonography-suspected small (≤ 4 cm) renal cell carcinoma from February 2008 to February 2010. Percentage signal intensity change, tumor-to-cortex enhancement index during precontrast phase, corticomedullary phase, and nephrogenic phase were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 60 patients, 42 were proven to have clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 18 patients were proven to have non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (10 patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma, 8 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma). The percentage signal intensity change in the clear cell type was higher only in the corticomedullary phase (P = .002). The tumor-to-cortex enhancement index in the clear cell type was higher in the corticomedullary and nephrogenic phases (P = .007 and P = .041, respectively). The most valuable marker was percentage signal intensity change in the corticomedullary phase (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.85). The cut-off value of percentage signal intensity change in the corticomedullary phase was 173%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 87.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging could be useful for discriminating the clear cell type from non-clear cell type in small renal cell carcinoma with high sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kwang Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min Eui
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007672:Kidney Cortex; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media