title: The influence of in situ chemical oxidation on microbial community composition in groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents.
abstract: In situ chemical oxidation with permanganate has become an accepted remedial treatment for groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents. This study focuses on the immediate and short-term effects of sodium permanganate (NaMnO(4)) on the indigenous subsurface microbial community composition in groundwater impacted by trichloroethylene (TCE). Planktonic and biofilm microbial communities were studied using groundwater grab samples and reticulated vitreous carbon passive samplers, respectively. Microbial community composition was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and a high-density phylogenetic microarray (PhyloChip). Significant reductions in microbial diversity and biomass were shown during NaMnO(4) exposure, followed by recovery within several weeks after the oxidant concentrations decreased to <1 mg/L. Bray-Curtis similarities and nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that microbial community composition before and after NaMnO(4) was similar, when taking into account the natural variation of the microbial communities. Also, 16S rRNA genes of two reductive dechlorinators (Desulfuromonas spp. and Sulfurospirillum spp.) and diverse taxa capable of cometabolic TCE oxidation were detected in similar quantities by PhyloChip across all monitoring wells, irrespective of NaMnO(4) exposure and TCE concentrations. However, minimal biodegradation of TCE was observed in this study, based on oxidized conditions, concentration patterns of chlorinated and nonchlorinated hydrocarbons, geochemistry, and spatiotemporal distribution of TCE-degrading bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4161, USA. Bram.Sercu@Ventura.org
authors.forename: Bram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sercu
authors.forename: Antony D G
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Cindy H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mauricio H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Serlin
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms; D018533:Biomass; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014241:Trichloroethylene; C035328:sodium permanganate