title: The latent structure of soccer in the phases of attack and defense.
abstract: With the aim of establishing the latent structure of tactical elements in the attack and defense phases of soccer 117 tactical elements of soccer were defined and their importance assessed by means of 30 variables that determine the basic segments of the game of soccer. 93 attack and 24 defense tactical elements were chosen as the entity sample and described by the 15 variables of the attack phase and 15 variables of the defense phase. Ten competent soccer experts determined the characteristics of the aforementioned entities by means of 30 variables. The experts graded from 0 to 5 the impact of every entity (tactical technique) on the individual variables that describe soccer in its phases of either attack and defense. A high level of inter-expert agreement was reached in regard to the properties of attack and defense techniques, as demonstrated by the objectivity coefficients. According to principal component factor analysis and the Kaiser and Guttman rule a total of five significant latent dimensions were obtained: finishing efficiency, ball possession performance, counter-attack efficiency, combined defense performance, and obstruction and redirection of the opposing team's attack build-up. The research partly resolved the issue of the hypothetical structure of tactical techniques in soccer by dividing the game into phases and sub-phases, attack and defense players'positions, and types (styles) of play in the attack and defense. If it is clear which movement structures have the most significant influence on the efficiency on a particular playing position and performance in the sub-phases and styles of play, it would be possible to create such training operators that will facilitate the formation of the most important motor skills in soccer.
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia. g.sporis@kif.hr
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sporis
authors.forename: Kresimir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samija
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vlahović
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Milanović
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barisić
authors.forename: Dobromir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonacin
authors.forename: Munir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talović
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D018953:Kinesiology, Applied; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009068:Movement; D012916:Soccer; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis