title: Impact of the redox mediator sodium anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQDS) on the reductive decolourisation of the azo dye Reactive Red 2 (RR2) in one- and two-stage anaerobic systems.
abstract: This work assessed the impact of the redox mediator sodium anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQDS) on the reductive decolourisation of the azo dye Reactive Red 2 (RR2) in one- and two-stage anaerobic systems (R(1) and R(2), respectively). The two-stage system achieved better colour removal efficiencies (52-62%) than the single-stage system (23-33%) in the absence of AQDS. Addition of AQDS accelerated the electrons transfer from the substrate (ethanol) to the dye, which increased the colour removal efficiency of both anaerobic systems (≈ 85%). Finally, the impact of acidogenic and methanogenic phases separation was masked by AQDS supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Erick Rodrigues
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Paulo Igor Milen
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Firmino
authors.forename: André Bezerra
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D003116:Color; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C408124:anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate; C098610:reactive red 2; D000431:Ethanol