title: Developing strategies for HIV-1 eradication.
abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) suppresses HIV-1 replication, transforming the outlook for infected patients. However, reservoirs of replication-competent forms of the virus persist during HAART, and when treatment is stopped, high rates of HIV-1 replication return. Recent insights into HIV-1 latency, as well as a report that HIV-1 infection was eradicated in one individual, have renewed interest in finding a cure for HIV-1 infection. Strategies for HIV-1 eradication include gene therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, stimulating host immunity to control HIV-1 replication, and targeting latent HIV-1 in resting memory CD4(+) T cells. Future efforts should aim to provide better understanding of how to reconstitute the CD4(+) T cell compartment with genetically engineered cells, exert immune control over HIV-1 replication, and identify and eliminate all viral reservoirs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Joel N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Blankson
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Siliciano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D014779:Virus Replication