title: [Perspectives of cell therapy in sequelae from cerebrovascular accidents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with mortality between 40 and 50% of cases. Among the survivors, only 10% are independent after one month, there is no effective treatment of sequelae, except for the limited possibilities providing for rehabilitation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We review the current experience with intracerebral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow as a potential treatment of neurological sequelae occurring after experimental ICH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the model of ICH by intracerebral administration of collagenaseIV at basal ganglia level in Wistar rats. Neurological deficits caused by ICH can be quantified through a variety of functional assessment test (NMSS, Rota-rod, VTB-test). 5×10allogeneic MSCs in 10μl of saline were administered intracerebrally in 10 animals, 2 months after ICH. In another 10 animals (controls) the same volume of saline was administered. Changes in the functional deficits were assessed during the next 6 months in both experimental groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggested therapeutic efficacy of MSCs transplantation and showed that transplanted stem cells can survive in the injured brain, transforming into neurons and glial cells. This form of cell therapy induces reactivation of endogenous neurogenesis at the subventricular zone (SVZ) and achieves antiapoptotic protective effect in the injured brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell therapy represents an important field of research with potential clinical application to treatment of neurological sequels, currently considered irreversible. Neurosurgeons should become involved in the development of these new techniques that are likely to shape the future of this specialty.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Neurociencias y Cátedra Rafael del Pino de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zurita
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguayo
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaquero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020521:Stroke