title: Short-term caloric restriction normalizes hypothalamic neuronal responsiveness to glucose ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The hypothalamus is critically involved in the regulation of feeding. Previous studies have shown that glucose ingestion inhibits hypothalamic neuronal activity. However, this was not observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Restoring energy balance by reducing caloric intake and losing weight are important therapeutic strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that caloric restriction would have beneficial effects on the hypothalamic neuronal response to glucose ingestion. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 10 male type 2 diabetic patients before and after a 4-day very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) at a 3.0 Tesla scanner using a blood oxygen level-dependent technique for measuring neuronal activity in the hypothalamus in response to an oral glucose load. Hypothalamic signals were normalized to baseline value, and differences between the pre- and postdiet condition were tested using paired t tests. Pre-VLCD scans showed no response of the hypothalamus to glucose intake (i.e., no signal decrease after glucose intake was observed). Post-VLCD scans showed a prolonged signal decrease after glucose ingestion. The results of the current study demonstrate that short-term caloric restriction readily normalizes hypothalamic responsiveness to glucose ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Teeuwisse
authors.forename: Ralph L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Widya
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulides
authors.forename: Hildo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Johannes W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Roos
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Buchem
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pijl
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Grond
mesh_terms: D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose