title: Mental health of Turkish women in Germany: resilience and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to examine the protective and risk factors of mental distress among Turkish women living in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  105 Turkish immigrant women living in Berlin were investigated with measures of extraversion/neuroticism (NEO-FFI), general self-efficacy (GSE), social support (BSSS), social strain (F-SOZU) and mental distress (GHQ-28). Interrelations between psychosocial variables were assessed using simple Pearson correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all subjects, social strain (Pearson's r=.26(**), p=.008) and neuroticism (r=.34(**), p<.001) were positively associated with mental distress. In contrast, perceived self-efficacy (r=-.38(**), p<.001) and extraversion (r=-.36(**), p<.001) were negatively associated with mental distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protective factors such as extraversion and self-efficacy seem to have a buffering effect on the process of migration. However, in addition to neuroticism, social strain seems to be positively associated with mental distress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at St Hedwig Hospital, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany. zohra.bromand@charite.de
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bromand
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Temur-Erman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yesil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heredia Montesinos
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aichberger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kleiber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schouler-Ocak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kastrup
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rapp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075384:Neuroticism; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*