title: Surgical and anesthesia capacity in Bolivian public hospitals: results from a national hospital survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Underdeveloped nations suffer from significant deficiencies in surgical and anesthesia care. Although surgical inequities are a pressing issue internationally, the extent of these inequities is unknown due to a lack of data. The aim of this study was to assess surgical and anesthesia capacity in Bolivia as part of a multinational study assessing surgical and anesthesia infrastructure in Africa, Latin America, and South Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized survey tool was used to obtain national-level health-care data at the Bolivian Ministry of Health. Hospital-specific data were obtained through interviews with key administrators and providers at 18 public basic and general hospitals in Bolivia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are 1,270 obstetrician/gynecologists and 1,807 surgeons in Bolivia. In contrast, there are 500 anesthesiologists, placing a large anesthesia burden on the country. Basic hospitals and general hospitals performed an average of 730 and 2,858 operations per year, respectively. One basic hospital was unable to perform any surgeries due to a lack of surgical manpower. All but two hospitals reported some lack of infrastructure, equipment, or pharmaceutical capacity. The ability to collect health outcomes was inconsistent in most hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical capacity varies throughout Bolivia. There are relatively large numbers of surgery providers but an insufficient number of anesthesiologists, suggesting a specific need for further development in anesthesia. Though there are many areas of strength within the Bolivian public health-care system, this survey identified several areas to which national policy and international collaboration can contribute in order to more adequately address major causes of surgical morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Thomas J. Watson Foundation, New York, NY, USA. drake.lebrun@gmail.com
authors.forename: Drake G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lebrun
authors.forename: Iracema
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saavedra-Pozo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agreda-Flores
authors.forename: Mackenzie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Burdic
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Notrica
authors.forename: K A Kelly
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McQueen
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001838:Bolivia; D003625:Data Collection; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*