title: Impact of paroxetine on sleep problems in 426 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a trial from the University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep problems are a frequent distressing symptom in cancer patients, yet little is known about their treatment. Sleep problems and depression frequently co-occur, leading healthcare professionals to treat depression with the expectation that sleep problems will also improve. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of paroxetine to placebo on sleep problems via a secondary data analysis of a RCT designed to compare the effects of paroxetine to placebo on fatigue in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A previously published report found a significant effect of paroxetine on depression in this cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 426 patients were randomized following Cycle 2 of chemotherapy to receive either 20mg of paroxetine or placebo. Sleep problems were assessed using questions from the Hamilton Depression Inventory three times during chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 217 patients received paroxetine and 209 received placebo. Significantly fewer patients taking paroxetine reported sleep problems compared to patients on placebo (Paroxetine 79% versus Placebo 88%; p<0.05). These differences remained significant even after controlling for baseline sleep problems and depression (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paroxetine had a significant benefit on sleep problems in both depressed and non-depressed cancer patients. However, rates of sleep problems remained high even among those effectively treated for depression with paroxetine. There is a need to develop and deliver sleep-specific interventions to effectively treat sleep-related side effects of cancer treatments. These findings suggest that sleep problems and depression are prevalent and co-morbid. Cancer progression, its response to treatment, and overall patient survival are intricately linked to host factors, such as inflammatory response and circadian rhythms, including sleep/wake cycles. Sleep problems and depression are modifiable host factors that can influence inflammation and impact cancer progression and quality of life. Future research should focus on discovering the pathogenesis of sleep dysregulation and depression in cancer so that better treatment approaches can be developed to ameliorate these symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. opalesh@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Oxana G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Palesh
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mustian
authors.forename: Luke J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Peppone
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janelsins
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sprod
authors.forename: Shelli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesler
authors.forename: Pasquale F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Innominato
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manber
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heckler
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors