title: Acute and late changes in intraarticular cytokine levels following anterior cruciate ligament injury.
abstract: Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) does not necessarily decrease the risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). The inflammatory response and relative changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines could participate in triggering the development of OA. To test this hypothesis we measured the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α at different times after ACL rupture. The sample population consisted of 48 patients with ACL tear which were assigned to different groups according to the time elapsed from the injury: 22 acute (A), 7 early sub-acute (ESA), 11 late sub-acute (LSA), and 8 chronic (C). In group A, there were high levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, whereas levels of IL-1ra and TNF-α were significantly lower than usually reported. IL-1β and IL-8 concentrations returned with time to normal levels in the ESA group. Interestingly, IL-1ra levels remained always significantly lower than normally reported levels, and TNF-α levels did not increase after trauma. Our data show increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in the acute phase of inflammation which could be responsible for triggering cartilage catabolism and suggest that prompt neutralization of IL-6 and IL-8 accumulations in synovial fluid could help prevent development of OA in ACL-injured knees.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bigoni
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turati
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gandolla
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaddi
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Munegato
authors.forename: Carlo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Augusti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bresciani
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Omeljaniuk
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torsello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha