title: Association of body mass index, sagittal abdominal diameter and waist-hip ratio with cardiometabolic risk factors and adipocytokines in Arab children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is a novel anthropometric measure hypothesized to be a surrogate measure of visceral abdominal obesity in adults. This study aims to determine whether SAD is superior to other anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in terms of association to cardiometabolic risk and circulating adipocytokine concentrations in a cohort of Saudi children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 948 (495 boys and 453 girls) apparently healthy children with varying BMI, aged 10-17 years, were included in this cross sectional study. Fasting glucose, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, insulin, TNF-α and aPAI-1 were measured in serum and HOMA-IR was calculated. MetS components were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI was superior to SAD as well as WHR, and had the highest number of significant associations to MetS components and adipocytokines even after adjustment for age and gender, including blood pressure, lipids, glucose and leptin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, while SAD is significantly associated with components of MetS among children and adolescents, it is not superior to BMI. The use of SAD therefore may not be practical for use in the pediatric clinical setting. Follow-up studies are needed to determine whether SAD has clinical significance in terms of harder outcomes such as predicting diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. omrattas@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Al-Attas
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.forename: Majed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alokail
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Alkharfy
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Draz
authors.forename: Sobhy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yakout
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabico
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D018912:Arabs; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines