title: Organochlorine pesticides in seawater and the surrounding atmosphere of the marginal seas of China: spatial distribution, sources and air-water exchange.
abstract: Shipboard air and surface seawater samples collected over the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). In air, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), trans-chlordane (TC) and cis-chlordane (CC) had significantly (p<0.001) higher concentrations than α-HCH, o,p'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and α-endosulfan. Generally, α-HCH concentrations in the atmosphere were quite uniform over the Chinese marginal seas. However, the highest concentrations of γ-HCH, TC, CC and DDT compounds were found in the southern parts of the marginal seas, and higher concentrations of α-endosulfan were observed in the northern part of the marginal seas. In water, the OCP concentrations varied over a narrow range, with hundreds picogram per liter levels. Air-water exchange gradients suggested net deposition or equilibrium for γ-HCH and o,p'-DDT and net volatilization for α-HCH, CC, TC, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT. Due to the potential source of those compounds from coastal water runoff, the ocean water played an important role of OCP sources for the atmosphere after a long period of OCP prohibition.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hairong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014873:Water Pollutants