title: Circadian changes in long noncoding RNAs in the pineal gland.
abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a broad range of biological roles, including regulation of expression of genes and chromosomes. Here, we present evidence that lncRNAs are involved in vertebrate circadian biology. Differential night/day expression of 112 lncRNAs (0.3 to >50 kb) occurs in the rat pineal gland, which is the source of melatonin, the hormone of the night. Approximately one-half of these changes reflect nocturnal increases. Studies of eight lncRNAs with 2- to >100-fold daily rhythms indicate that, in most cases, the change results from neural stimulation from the central circadian oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (doubling time = 0.5-1.3 h). Light exposure at night rapidly reverses (halving time = 9-32 min) levels of some of these lncRNAs. Organ culture studies indicate that expression of these lncRNAs is regulated by norepinephrine acting through cAMP. These findings point to a dynamic role of lncRNAs in the circadian system.
authors.affiliation: Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Coon
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.forename: Praveen F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cherukuri
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sugden
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Samuel J H
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Clokie
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Olanich
authors.forename: Zoila
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mullikin
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D003994:Bucladesine; D009638:Norepinephrine