title: Treatment strategies for osteoarthritis patients with pain and hypertension.
abstract: Out of 100 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), almost 40 have a concomitant diagnosis of hypertension. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may trigger a rise in blood pressure (BP), which is more marked in patients with established hypertension. NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors attenuate the antihypertensive effect of several antihypertensive agents. Frequent BP controls are needed in treated hypertensive patients who are concomitantly receiving NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors because even a small increase in BP may be associated with an important rise in the risk of major cardiovascular complications. In meta-analyses, an increase in systolic BP of 5mmHg was associated with a 25% higher risk of cardiovascular events. These data have been confirmed in randomized studies with rofecoxib and celecoxib, where a modest increase in BP was associated with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease. There is emerging evidence that the COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donator (CINOD) class is promising in the treatment of patients with OA. Naproxcinod, the first CINOD investigated in clinical trials, is composed of the traditional NSAID naproxen covalently bound to the nitric oxide (NO)-donating moiety butanediol mono-nitrate (BDMN). The molecule has the potential to provide a sustained release of NO. In clinical studies, naproxcinod prevented the BP rise in normotensive and hypertensive patients observed with naproxen. The BP benefit of naproxcinod over naproxen was greater in patients concomitantly receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. These investigational data suggest that naproxcinod is a valuable alternative to NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors for treatment of OA patients.
authors.affiliation: Struttura Complessa di Cardiologia, Unità di Ricerca Clinica 'Cardiologia Preventiva'. Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verdecchia
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzotta
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martire
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garofoli
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reboldi