title: Gum Ghatti--a pharmaceutical excipient: development, evaluation and optimization of sustained release mucoadhesive matrix tablets of domperidone.
abstract: The objective of this study was to extend the GI residence time of the dosage form and to control the release of domperidone using directly compressible sustained release mucoadhesive matrix (SRMM) tablets. A 2-factor centre composite design (CCD) was employed to study the influence of independent variables like gum ghatti (GG) (X1) and hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose K 15M (HPMC K 15M) (X2) on dependent variable like mucoadhesive strength, tensile strength, release exponent (n), t50 (time for 50% drug release), rel(10 h) (release after 10 h) and rel(18 h) (release after 18 h). Tablets were prepared by direct compression technology and evaluated for tablet parametric test (drug assay, diameter, thickness, hardness and tensile strength), mucoadhesive strength (using texture analyzer) and in vitro drug release studies. The tensile strength and mucoadhesive strength were found to be increased from 0.665 +/- 0.1 to 1.591 +/- 0.1 MN/cm2 (Z1 to Z9) and 10.789 +/- 0.985 to 50.924 +/- 1.150 N (Z1 to Z9), respectively. The release kinetics follows first order and Hixson Crowell equation indicating drug release following combination of diffusion and erosion. The n varies between 0.834 and 1.273, indicating release mechanism shifts from non fickian (anomalous release) to super case II, which depict that drug follows multiple drug release mechanism. The t50 time was found to increase from 5 +/- 0.12 to 11.4 +/- 0.14 h (Z1 to Z9) and release after 10 and 18 h decreases with increasing concentration of both polymers concluding with release controlling potential of polymers. The accelerated stability studies were performed on optimized formulation as per ICH guideline and the result showed that there was no significant change in tensile strength, mucoadhesive strength and drug assay.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan-174103 (HP), India.
authors.lastname: Gurpreetarora
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Inderbir
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004294:Domperidone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006244:Hardness; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007700:Kinetics; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013552:Swine; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D005079:Excipients; D053149:Plant Gums; D013607:Tablets; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D004294:Domperidone; D008747:Methylcellulose; C015253:gum ghatti