title: The psycho-social dimension of pain and health-related quality of life in the oldest old.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pain has an impact on the physical and social functioning of older people which in turn may worsen their health-related quality of life. Research with focus on prolonged extensive pain in the most elderly and how pain may interfere with their life situation is scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims were to describe and investigate pain from a multidimensional point of view (duration, location, psycho-social) and health-related quality of life as well as to compare sex and age groups in people aged 80 years and over.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, a total of 225 of 282 people responded to a questionnaire consisting of two instruments and background questions. The psycho-social dimension of pain was measured using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory-Swedish language version (MPI-S) with five scales: Pain Severity, Interference, Life Control, Affective Distress and Social Support. Health-related quality of life was measured using the Short Form Health Survey-12 (SF-12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median duration of pain was 9.0 years, and the mean number of pain locations was 2.04. The MPI-S scale Interference with a negative orientation had the highest mean score, while the mean score for Social Support was the highest for the scales with a positive orientation. The duration of pain was significantly greater for women, and those aged 80-85 years had higher pain severity than those aged≥86. Participants with a lower health-related quality of life experienced significantly more severe pain, were more troubled with pain and had less control of their life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older people with prolonged pain suffered from a low health-related quality of life. Pain interfered with their lives and contributed to diminished control in their daily lives. Nurses are essential for the identification and prevention of pain and should be aware of how pain affects older people's physical, mental and social health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willman
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petzäll
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Östberg
authors.forename: Marie Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hall-Lord
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life