title: Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer.
abstract: Active surveillance (AS) is an important management strategy for men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). The need for AS is increasing due to the awareness that many PCa are identified that show a low growth potential and therefore are likely to remain clinically asymptomatic during the lifetime of an individual. Currently there is no good method to prevent the overdiagnosis of indolent cancers upfront. During the last decade, several studies on AS around the world have made observations that feed the discussion on how to select and monitor these patients, how to proceed with the research to develop a better and more precise clinical definition of indolent cancers and how to manage men under AS clinically. Furthermore, patients' perspectives have become clearer, and quality of life studies give direction to the practical approach and care for patients and partners. This paper reflects the consensus on the state of the art and the future direction of AS, based on the Inside Track Conference "Active Surveillance for low risk prostate cancer" (Chairmen: C.H. Bangma, NL, and L. Klotz, CA; Co-Chairmen: L.J. Denis, BE, and C. Parker, UK; Scientific Coordinators: M. J. Roobol, NL, and E.W. Steyerberg, NL), organized by the European School of Oncology in collaboration with Europa Uomo in Rotterdam, the Netherlands in January 2012. Topics for discussion were the optimisation of patient selection based on indolent disease definition, the incorporation of therapeutic agents into AS programs, the optimisation of patient care, and the application of emerging technologies and biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.vanalphen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Chris H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bangma
authors.forename: Meelan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bul
authors.forename: Theo H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van der Kwast
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pickles
authors.forename: Ida J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Korfage
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hoeks
authors.forename: Ewout W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Steyerberg
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jenster
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kattan
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellardita
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Monique J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roobol
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emberton
authors.forename: Laurence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rannikko
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakehi
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Fritz H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semjonow
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Trock
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valdagni
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D019468:Disease Management; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005060:Europe; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D018426:SEER Program
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor