title: Types, outcome and risk factors of stroke in Tribal Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies suggest that ethnicity and racial factors has an important role in the variation in epidemiology of stroke. The present study was conducted to assess the subtypes, risk factors, and outcome of stroke in the tribal community of Jharkhand state and to compare it with that in the non-tribals from the same geographical location.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a hospital-based prospective observational study at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences-Ranchi. Patients of acute stroke, reporting to the medical outpatient department and emergency department from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010 were studied. Computed tomography scan was done immediately and again after 24 h to confirm the diagnosis of stroke. To compare the findings between tribal and non-tribal patients, we used chi-square test/Fisher exact test as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 1156 patients included in the study, 536 were tribals, while 620 were non-tribals. Significant differences were found in tribal stroke patients as compared with non-tribals: mean age of tribal subjects was 53·8 years (60·8 years in non-tribals); stroke in young individual was present in 25% of tribal subjects (17% in non-tribals, P = 0·01); primary intracerebral hemorrhage variety was present in 31% of tribals (18% in non-tribals, P-value < 0·001); the 28th day case fatality rate was 43% among tribal subjects (35% among non-tribals, P = 0·02). Hypertension and alcohol abuse was found to be associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in tribal subjects, although no such association was found in non-tribals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tribals have early onset, poor outcomes and higher proportion of ICH compared to non-tribals. [Correction added after online publication 7 Aug 2012: The sentence "Tribals have early with non-tribals." in the Conclusion section of the abstract was deleted.].
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Jittendra K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.forename: Amol S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dahale
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*