title: In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 1-dehydro-[6]-gingerdione, 6-shogaol, 6-dehydroshogaol and hexahydrocurcumin.
abstract: Hexahydrocurcumin, 1-dehydro-[6]-gingerdione, 6-dehydroshogaol and 6-shogaol were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the present study. The relative antioxidant potencies of ginger compounds decreased in similar order of 1-dehydro-[6]-gingerdione, hexahydrocurcumin>6-shogaol>6-dehydroshogaol in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. All tested compounds could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elicited increase of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) in a concentration-dependent manner but hexahydrocurcumin of 7μM and 6-shogaol of 7μM. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed for 6-dehydroshogaol and 6-shogaol at 14μM with the inhibition of 53.3% and 48.9%, respectively. Furthermore, both 6-dehydroshogaol and 1-dehydro-[6]-gingerdione significantly suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in a concentration-dependent fashion. These results contribute to our theoretical understanding of the potential beneficial effects of consuming ginger as a food and/or dietary supplement.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Viriya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nitteranon
authors.forename: Xiaozhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kirk L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.forename: Qiuhui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002396:Catechols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003474:Curcumin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002396:Catechols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C569902:hexahydrocurcumin; D006139:Guaiacol; C040115:shogaol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D003474:Curcumin; C050872:gingerdione