title: Hypomania spectrum disorders from adolescence to adulthood: a 15-year follow-up of a community sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of scientific knowledge about the broader spectrum of hypomania in adolescence and the course over time. To investigate this, we used longitudinal data spanning from adolescence to age 31 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community sample of adolescents (N=2300) was screened for depressive symptoms. Adolescents (16-17 years) with a positive screening and matched controls were interviewed with a structured diagnostic interview. A blinded follow-up assessment was conducted 15 years later, with a structured diagnostic interview covering the age span 19-31 years. Questions about treatment and family history were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety adolescents (16-17 years) with a lifetime hypomania spectrum episode (3.9% of the total sample) were identified: 40 with fullsyndromal, 18 with brief-episode (<4 day), and 32 with subsyndromal (1-2 main symptoms and 1-2 additional symptoms) hypomania. The hypomania symptoms reported by the fullsyndromal and the brief-episode groups were similar, whereas the subsyndromal group per definition reported fewer symptoms. Of the 90 adolescents with a hypomania spectrum episode, 64 (71%) participated in the follow-up interview. Mania in adulthood was reported by 2 (3%), hypomania by an additional 4 (6%), and major depression by 38 (59%). Incidence of mood episodes in adulthood did not differ between the subgroups of hypomania spectrum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  29% of the participants with hypomania spectrum were lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that only a small proportion of adolescents with hypomania spectrum episodes continue to have (hypo)mania in adulthood. Thus, maintenance or prophylactic treatment does not seem warranted for this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. aivar@telia.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Päären
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: von Knorring
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Knorring
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bohman
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D059012:Lost to Follow-Up; D008297:Male; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult