title: Synthesis and characterization of UPPE-PLGA-rhBMP2 scaffolds for bone regeneration.
abstract: A novel unsaturated polyphosphoester (UPPE) was devised in our previous research, which is a kind of promising scaffold for improving bone regeneration. However, the polymerization process of UPPE scaffolds was unfavorable, which may adversely affect the bioactivity of osteoinductive molecules added if necessary, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2). The purpose of this study was to build a kind of optimal scaffold named UPPE-PLGA-rhBMP2 (UPB) and to investigate the bioactivity of rhBMP2 in this scaffold. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffold was assessed in vitro. A W1/O/W2 method was used to fabricate PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres, and then the microspheres were added to UPPE for synthesizing UPB scaffold. The morphological characters of PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres and UPB scaffolds were observed under the scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The cumulative release of UPB scaffolds was detected by using ELISA. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffolds were evaluated through examining the adsorption and apoptosis of bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) seeded on the surface of UPB scaffolds. The bioactivity of rhBMP2 in UPB scaffolds was assessed through measuring the alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity in bMSCs seeded. The results showed that UPB scaffolds sequentially exhibited burst and sustained release of rhBMP2. The cytotoxicity was greatly reduced when the scaffolds were immersed in buffer solution for 2 h. bMSCs attached and grew on the surface of soaked UPB scaffolds, exerting well biocompatibility. The ALP activity of bMSCs seeded was significantly enhanced, indicating that the bioactivity of rhBMP2 remained and still took effect after the unfavorable polymerization process of scaffolds. It was concluded that UPB scaffolds have low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and preserve bioactivity of rhBMP2. UPB scaffolds are promising in improving bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.|Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Yuanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
authors.forename: Jinjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Hanfeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Liangyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Shouchao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xuehai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. xiaojun301@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid