title: Inhibition effect of swine wastewater heavy metals and antibiotics on anammox activity.
abstract: The feasibility of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process to treat wastewaters containing antibiotics and heavy metals (such as the liquid fraction of the anaerobically digested swine manure) was studied in this work. The specific anammox activity (SAA) was evaluated by means of manometric batch tests. The effects of oxytetracycline, sulfathiazole, copper and zinc were studied. The experimental data of the short-term assays were fitted with an inhibition model to identify the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)). After 24 h exposures, IC(50)-values equal to 1.9, 3.9, 650 and 1,100 mg L(-1) were identified for copper, zinc, sulfathiazole and tetracycline respectively. The effect of prolonged exposure (14 days) to oxytetracycline and sulfathiazole was studied by means of repeated batch-assays. Anabolism and catabolism reactions were active during the inhibition tests indicating that anammox bacteria could grow even in the extreme conditions tested. Considering the average concentrations expected in swine wastewaters, the inhibitors studied do not seem to represent a problem for the application of the anammox process. However, in order to verify the effect of these compounds on the growth of anammox bacteria, continuous culture experiments could be conducted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, Delft 2628 BC, The Netherlands. T.Lotti@tudelft.nl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lotti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleerebezem
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caffaz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lubello
authors.forename: M C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Loosdrecht
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077589:Sulfathiazole; D013432:Sulfathiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013432:Sulfathiazoles; D003300:Copper; D013752:Tetracycline; D015032:Zinc; D000077589:Sulfathiazole