title: Effect of angle of incidence on macular thickness and volume measurements obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the effect of angle of incidence on macular thickness and volume measurements obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 eyes from 15 healthy young subjects underwent macular cube volume scans (512 × 128 protocol) following dilation using the Cirrus spectral domain OCT. For each eye, scans were obtained by positioning the scanning beam in the center of the dilated pupil, as well as in four eccentric positions (approximately 3 mm from the center), superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal to the pupillary center, to create oblique angles of incidence between the light beam and retina. In all cases, the region scanned by the volume cube was centered on the fovea. Macular thickness and volume measurements were computed for volume scan acquisitions, and differences in values between eccentric scans and the central scan were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal thickness and volume values were observed to increase significantly in all subfields for all eccentrically-obtained scans compared to scans obtained through the center of the pupil. The mean increase in thickness for the various scan positions and subfields ranged from 3.76 to 11.38. Scans that were displaced temporally consistently showed the greatest increase in thickness and volume, whereas nasally positioned scans showed the least increase. The increase in retinal thickness for all subfields correlated significantly with angle of inclination or tilting of the retina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macular thickness and volume measurement results may be affected significantly by positioning of the scanning beam in the pupil and resultant angle of incidence on the retina. These findings suggest that care should be taken to position the scanning beam consistently in the center of the pupil to achieve reliable measurements.
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hariri
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Garcia
authors.forename: Muneeswar Gupta
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nittala
authors.forename: Florian M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Heussen
authors.forename: Srinivas R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sadda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*