title: The IDEAL study : towards personalized drug treatment of hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify markers (phenotypic, genetic, or environmental) of blood pressure (BP) response profiles to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and diuretics.
  
  
  METHODS
  IDEAL was a crossover (two active and two wash out phases), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eligible patients were untreated hypertensive, aged 25 to 70. After two visits, patients were randomized to one of four sequences. The main outcome was BP differences between the active treatment and placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-four patients were randomised: mean age 53, men 65%, family history of hypertension 60%. Average BP fall at each visit before randomisation was about 2% of the initial level reflecting both a regression to the mean and a placebo effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are expected to improve knowledge in drug's mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of hypertension, and to help in personalizing treatment. The estimation of BP responses to each drug in standardized conditions provided a benefit to each participant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; UMR 5558, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bejan-Angoulvant
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Baguet
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erpeldinger
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leftheriotis
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gagnol
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fauvel
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bricca
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gueyffier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D011786:Quality Control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D005819:Genetic Markers