title: Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and severity of influenza in hospitalized children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether children with influenza who are exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) would have more severe illness than those not exposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We abstracted charts from pediatric inpatients with confirmed influenza from 2002-2009 for demographics, medical history, and smoke exposure. Severity indicators included intensive care, intubation, and length of stay (LOS) in the hospital; potential confounding factors included demographics and the presence of asthma or chronic conditions. All χ(2), t tests, and regression analyses were run using SPSS v. 18.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 117 children, 40% were exposed to SHS, who had increased need for intensive care (30% vs 10%, P < .01) and intubation (13% vs 1%, P < .05), and had longer LOS (4.0 vs 2.4 days, P < .01). Children with chronic conditions and SHS exposure required more intensive care (53% vs 18%, P < .05) and had longer LOS (10.0 vs 3.5 days, P < .01) than children not exposed to SHS with chronic conditions. In multivariate analyses controlling for potential confounding factors, children with SHS exposure were 4.7 times more likely to be admitted to intensive care (95% CI 1.4-18.5) and had a 70% longer LOS (95% CI 12%-230%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with SHS exposure who are hospitalized with influenza have more severe illness. Efforts are needed to immunize this population against influenza, and eliminate children's exposure to SHS.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Karen.wilson@childrenscolorado.org
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pier
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wesgate
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Aaron K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Blumkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution