title: The digital rectal examination: a multicenter survey of physicians' and students' perceptions and practice patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The digital rectal examination (DRE) may be underutilized. We assessed the frequency of DREs among a variety of providers and explored factors affecting its performance and utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 652 faculty, fellows, medical residents, and final-year medical students completed a questionnaire about their use of DREs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, 41 DREs per year were performed. The yearly number of examinations was associated with years of experience and specialty type. Patient refusal rates were lowest among gastroenterology (GI) faculty and highest among primary-care doctors. Refusal rates were negatively correlated with comfort level of the physician in performing a DRE. More gastroenterologists used sophisticated methods to detect anorectal conditions, and gastroenterologists were more confident in diagnosing them. Confidence in making a diagnosis with a DRE was strongly associated with the number of DREs performed annually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher frequencies of performing a DRE, lower refusal rate, degree of comfort, diagnostic confidence, and training adequacy were directly related to level of experience with the examination. Training in DRE technique has diminished and may be lost. The DRE's role in medical school and advanced training curricula needs to be re-established.
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. reuben_wong@nuhs.edu.sg
authors.forename: Reuben K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Drossman
authors.forename: Adil E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: Satish S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: Carolyn B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oxentenko
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Van Handel
authors.forename: Hollie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shrikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bangdiwala
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059952:Pelvic Floor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires