title: Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy.
abstract: Many of the immune and metabolic changes occurring during normal pregnancy also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in nonpregnant hosts. Here, to explore their role in pregnancy, we characterized fecal bacteria of 91 pregnant women of varying prepregnancy BMIs and gestational diabetes status and their infants. Similarities between infant-mother microbiotas increased with children's age, and the infant microbiota was unaffected by mother's health status. Gut microbiota changed dramatically from first (T1) to third (T3) trimesters, with vast expansion of diversity between mothers, an overall increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and reduced richness. T3 stool showed strongest signs of inflammation and energy loss; however, microbiome gene repertoires were constant between trimesters. When transferred to germ-free mice, T3 microbiota induced greater adiposity and insulin insensitivity compared to T1. Our findings indicate that host-microbial interactions that impact host metabolism can occur and may be beneficial in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Omry
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.forename: Julia K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Goodrich
authors.forename: Tyler C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cullender
authors.forename: Aymé
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spor
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Helene Kling
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Bäckhed
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Largus T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Angenent
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bäckhed
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isolauri
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ley
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology; D054892:Metagenome; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification