title: Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes between the 2007 and 2012 version is identified in the Supplemental Data (published on The Endocrine Society's Journals Online web site at http://jcem.endojournals.org).
  
  
  METHODS
  This evidence-based guideline was developed according to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force, grading items level A, B, C, D, or I, on the basis of the strength of evidence and magnitude of net benefit (benefits minus harms) as well as the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The guideline was developed through a series of e-mails, conference calls, and one face-to-face meeting. An initial draft was prepared by the Task Force, with the help of a medical writer, and reviewed and commented on by members of The Endocrine Society, Asia and Oceania Thyroid Association, and the Latin American Thyroid Society. A second draft was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society Council. At each stage of review, the Task Force received written comments and incorporated substantive changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practice guidelines are presented for diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyroid-related medical issues just before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum interval. These include evidence-based approaches to assessing the cause of the condition, treating it, and managing hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, gestational hyperthyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid tumors, iodine nutrition, postpartum thyroiditis, and screening for thyroid disease. Indications and side effects of therapeutic agents used in treatment are also presented.
authors.affiliation: University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abalovich
authors.forename: Erik K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amino
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbour
authors.forename: Rhoda H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cobin
authors.forename: Creswell J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Eastman
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luton
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mestman
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rovet
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000628:therapy; D049590:Postpartum Period; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D013966:Thyroiditis / Q000628:therapy