The Shigella human challenge model.
Shigella is an important bacterial cause of infectious diarrhoea globally. The Shigella human challenge model has been used since 1946 for a variety of objectives including understanding disease pathogenesis, human immune responses and allowing for an early assessment of vaccine efficacy. A systematic review of the literature regarding experimental shigellosis in human subjects was conducted. Summative estimates were calculated by strain and dose. While a total of 19 studies evaluating nine strains at doses ranging from 10 to 1 × 1010 colony-forming units were identified, most studies utilized the S. sonnei strain 53G and the S. flexneri strain 2457T. Inoculum solution and pre-inoculation buffering has varied over time although diarrhoea attack rates do not appear to increase above 75-80%, and dysentery rates remain fairly constant, highlighting the need for additional dose-ranging studies. Expansion of the model to include additional strains from different serotypes will elucidate serotype and strain-specific outcome variability.
Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MS, USA.
C K
CK
Porter
Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MS, USA.
N
N
Thura
Department of Live Attenuated Shigella Vaccines, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
R T
RT
Ranallo
Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MS, USA.
M S
MS
Riddle
D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology*; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012760:Shigella / Q000276:immunology*; D022281:Shigella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012762:Shigella dysenteriae / Q000276:immunology; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000276:immunology; D012764:Shigella sonnei / Q000276:immunology
D022281:Shigella Vaccines