Phenotypic characterization of peripheral T cells and their dynamics in scrub typhus patients.
BACKGROUND
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, is one of the main causes of febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region. Although cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in protection, little is known about the phenotypic changes and dynamics of leukocytes in scrub typhus patients.


RESULTS
To reveal the underlying mechanisms of immunological pathogenesis, we extensively analyzed peripheral blood leukocytes, especially T cells, during acute and convalescent phases of infection in human patients and compared with healthy volunteers. We observed neutrophilia and CD4(+) T lymphopenia in the acute phase of infection, followed by proliferation of CD8(+) T cells during the convalescent phase. Massive T cell apoptosis was detected in the acute phase and preferential increase of CD8(+) T cells with activated phenotypes was observed in both acute and convalescent phases, which might be associated or correlated with elevated serum IL-7 and IL-15. Interestingly, peripheral Treg cells were significantly down-regulated throughout the disease course.


CONCLUSIONS
The remarkable decrease of CD4(+) T cells, including Treg cells, during the acute phase of infection may contribute to the loss of immunological memory that are often observed in vaccine studies and recurrent human infection.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Bon-A
BA
Cho
Youngho
Y
Ko
Yeon-Sook
YS
Kim
Sanguk
S
Kim
Myung-Sik
MS
Choi
Ik-Sang
IS
Kim
Hang-Rae
HR
Kim
Nam-Hyuk
NH
Cho
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012285:Orientia tsutsugamushi / Q000276:immunology*; D012612:Scrub Typhus / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*