Recommendations to standardize preanalytical confounding factors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers: an update.
Early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) is needed to slow down or halt the disease at the earliest stage. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can be a good tool for early diagnosis. However, their use in clinical practice is challenging due to the high variability found between centers in the concentrations of both AD CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau) and PD CSF biomarker (α-synuclein). Such a variability has been partially attributed to different preanalytical procedures between laboratories, thus highlighting the need to establish standardized operating procedures. Here, we merge two previous consensus guidelines for preanalytical confounding factors in order to achieve one exhaustive guideline updated with new evidence for Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau, and α-synuclein. The proposed standardized operating procedures are applicable not only to novel CSF biomarkers in AD and PD, but also to biomarkers for other neurodegenerative disorders.
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurology Laboratory, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.delcampomilan@vumc.nl
Marta
M
del Campo
Brit
B
Mollenhauer
Antonio
A
Bertolotto
Sebastiaan
S
Engelborghs
Harald
H
Hampel
Anja Hviid
AH
Simonsen
Elisabeth
E
Kapaki
Niels
N
Kruse
Nathalie
N
Le Bastard
Sylvain
S
Lehmann
Jose L
JL
Molinuevo
Lucilla
L
Parnetti
Armand
A
Perret-Liaudet
Javier
J
Sáez-Valero
Esen
E
Saka
Andrea
A
Urbani
Eugeen
E
Vanmechelen
Marcel
M
Verbeek
Pieter Jelle
PJ
Visser
Charlotte
C
Teunissen
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D044367:Phase Transition; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013696:Temperature; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins