Effects of prolonged breastfeeding and colostrum fatty acids on allergic manifestations and infections in infancy.
BACKGROUND
In developed countries World Health Organization recommendation of 6 months' exclusive breastfeeding is under debate.


OBJECTIVE
We assessed the impact of predominant breastfeeding (PBF) duration and colostrum long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) profile on the risk of allergic manifestations (wheezing and atopic eczema) and infections [low respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and gastroenteritis] in infancy.


METHODS
Information on child feeding practices was obtained from 580 infants of a pregnancy cohort. Presence of infant's health outcomes was documented through questionnaires at 6 and 14 months of age. The LC-PUFAs were measured in colostrum. Adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.


RESULTS
In comparison with never breastfeeding, PBF for 4-6 months was associated with lower risk of wheezing (adjOR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32, 0.89), LRTIs (adjOR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31, 0.83) and atopic eczema (adjOR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.32, 1.04) between months 7 and 14 of life. Results of a risk period-specific analysis (restricted to infants at risk for outcome onset after 6 months of age), showed no indication for reverse causation (results were not very different compared with an overall analysis). Predominantly breastfeeding for 4-6 months was associated with lower risk of gastroenteritis during the first 6 months of life (adjOR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18, 0.64). Among breastfed infants higher doses of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid, and total n-3 in were associated with a decreased risk of gastroenteritis, but no association was found for allergic manifestations or LRTI.


CONCLUSIONS
Promotion of PBF for 4-6 months could reduce the burden of allergic manifestations and infections in infancy. Beneficial effects of breastfeeding on gastroenteritis were explained in part by exposure to higher doses of n-3 and AA received from colostrum. No significant effects from fatty acid dose were found on risk of allergic manifestations or LRTIs.
Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. emorales1@creal.cat
E
E
Morales
R
R
García-Esteban
M
M
Guxens
S
S
Guerra
M
M
Mendez
C
C
Moltó-Puigmartí
M C
MC
Lopez-Sabater
J
J
Sunyer
D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated