A-kinase anchoring proteins: molecular regulators of the cardiac stress response.
In response to stress or injury the heart undergoes a pathological remodeling process, associated with hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte death and fibrosis, that ultimately causes cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. It has become increasingly clear that signaling events associated with these pathological cardiac remodeling events are regulated by scaffolding and anchoring proteins, which allow coordination of pathological signals in space and time. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) constitute a family of functionally related proteins that organize multiprotein signaling complexes that tether the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) as well as other signaling enzymes to ensure integration and processing of multiple signaling pathways. This review will discuss the role of AKAPs in the cardiac response to stress. Particular emphasis will be given to the adaptative process associated with cardiac hypoxia as well as the remodeling events linked to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Cardiac Pathways of Differentiation, Metabolism and Contraction.
Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et Médecine, Lausanne, Switzerland. Dario.diviani@unil.ch
Dario
D
Diviani
Darko
D
Maric
Irene
I
Pérez López
Sabrina
S
Cavin
Cosmo D
CD
Del Vescovo
D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological
D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010100:Oxygen