No sex difference in body fat in response to supervised and measured exercise.
It is often reported that females lose less body weight than males do in response to exercise. These differences are suggested to be a result of females exhibiting a stronger defense of body fat and a greater compensatory appetite response to exercise than males do.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the effect of a 12-wk supervised exercise program on body weight, body composition, appetite, and energy intake in males and females.


METHODS
A total of 107 overweight and obese adults (males = 35, premenopausal females = 72, BMI = 31.4 ± 4.2 kg·m(-2), age = 40.9 ± 9.2 yr) completed a supervised 12-wk exercise program expending approximately 10.5 MJ·wk(-1) at 70% HRmax. Body composition, energy intake, appetite ratings, RMR, and cardiovascular fitness were measured at weeks 0 and 12.


RESULTS
The 12-wk exercise program led to significant reductions in body mass (males [M] = -3.03 ± 3.4 kg and females [F] = -2.28 ± 3.1 kg), fat mass (M = -3.14 ± 3.7 kg and F = -3.01 ± 3.0 kg), and percent body fat (M = -2.45% ± 3.3% and F = -2.45% ± 2.2%; all P < 0.0001), but there were no sex-based differences (P > 0.05). There were no significant changes in daily energy intake in males or females after the exercise intervention compared with baseline (M = 199.2 ± 2418.1 kJ and F = -131.6 ± 1912.0 kJ, P > 0.05). Fasting hunger levels significantly increased after the intervention compared with baseline values (M = 11.0 ± 21.1 min and F = 14.0 ± 22.9 mm, P < 0.0001), but there were no differences between males and females (P > 0.05). The exercise also improved satiety responses to an individualized fixed-energy breakfast (P < 0.0001). This was comparable in males and females.


CONCLUSIONS
Males and premenopausal females did not differ in their response to a 12-wk exercise intervention and achieved similar reductions in body fat. When exercise interventions are supervised and energy expenditure is controlled, there are no sex-based differences in the measured compensatory response to exercise.
Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK. P.caudwell@leeds.ac.uk
Phillipa
P
Caudwell
Catherine
C
Gibbons
Mark
M
Hopkins
Neil
N
King
Graham
G
Finlayson
John
J
Blundell
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001066:Appetite; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors