The role of redox environment in neurogenic development.
The dynamic changes of cellular redox elements during neurogenesis allow the control of specific programs for selective lineage progression. There are many redox couples that influence the cellular redox state. The shift from a reduced to an oxidized state and vice versa may act as a cellular switch mechanism of stem cell mode of action from proliferation to differentiation. The redox homeostasis ensures proper functioning of redox-sensitive signaling pathways through oxidation/reduction of critical cysteine residues on proteins involved in signal transduction. This review presents the current knowledge on the relation between changes in the cellular redox environment and stem cell programming in the course of commitment to a restricted neural lineage, focusing on in vivo neurogenesis and in vitro neuronal differentiation. The first two sections outline the main systems that control the intracellular redox environment and make it more oxidative or reductive. The last section provides the background on redox-sensitive signaling pathways that regulate neurogenesis.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7. eostrakh@uwo.ca
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Ostrakhovitch
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Semenikhin
D000818:Animals; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D013879:Thioredoxins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D005978:Glutathione