Investigation of hyfrecators and their in vitro interference with implantable cardiac devices.
BACKGROUND
Guidelines exist for minimizing potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) with electrosurgical equipment in patients with cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices. These guidelines encompass all electrosurgical devices but are not specific for hyfrecators.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential interference of CRM devices by hyfrecators.


METHODS
Using a collagen-based saline gel, three implantable pulse generators (pacemakers) and three implantable cardioverter defibrillators were tested to measure the EMI from two commonly used hyfrecators. The six devices were tested using the hyfrecator under normal use settings and on maximum power.


RESULTS
Hyfrecators did not interfere with defibrillators and affected pacemakers only when used in close proximity to the device. For the pacemakers, atrial inhibition was observed at a distance of 3 cm on maximum hyfrecator settings and 1 cm at normal use settings. Ventricular inhibition occurred in very close proximity to the device (<1 cm) or in direct contact.


CONCLUSIONS
Hyfrecators are safe to use in patients with defibrillators and can be used in pacemaker patients within 2 inches of the device perimeter.
Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. chrisweyerdo@gmail.com
Christopher
C
Weyer
Ronald J
RJ
Siegle
Guillaume Girard P
GG
Eng
D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008961:Models, Structural; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial