Dietary cholesterol increases paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity.
HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity has been consistently associated with cardiovascular and other diseases. Vitamins C and E intake have previously been positively associated with PON1 in a subset of the Carotid Lesion Epidemiology and Risk (CLEAR) cohort. The goal of this study was to replicate these findings and determine whether other nutrient intake affected PON1 activity. To predict nutrient and mineral intake values, 1,402 subjects completed a standardized food frequency survey of their dietary habits over the past year. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate dietary and covariate effects on PON1 arylesterase activity. Five dietary components, cholesterol (P < 2.0 × 10(-16)), alcohol (P = 8.51 × 10(-8)), vitamin C (P = 7.97 × 10(-5)), iron (P = 0.0026), and folic acid (0.037) were independently predictive of PON1 activity. Dietary cholesterol was positively associated and predicted 5.5% of PON1 activity, second in variance explained. This study presents a novel finding of dietary cholesterol, iron, and folic acid predicting PON1 activity in humans and confirms prior reported associations, including that with vitamin C. Identifying and understanding environmental factors that affect PON1 activity is necessary to understand its role and that of HDL in human disease.
Department of Medicine and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Daniel S
DS
Kim
Amber A
AA
Burt
Jane E
JE
Ranchalis
Rebecca J
RJ
Richter
Julieann K
JK
Marshall
Karen S
KS
Nakayama
Ella R
ER
Jarvik
Jason F
JF
Eintracht
Elisabeth A
EA
Rosenthal
Clement E
CE
Furlong
Gail P
GP
Jarvik
D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D002784:Cholesterol; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase