Assessing environmental fate of β-HCH in Asian soil and association with environmental factors.
Chinese Gridded Pesticide Emission and Residue Model was applied to simulate long-term environmental fate of β-HCH in Asia spanning 1948-2009. The model captured well the spatiotemporal variation of β-HCH soil concentrations across the model domain. β-HCH use in different areas within the model domain was simulated respectively to assess the influence of the different sources of β-HCH on its environment fate. A mass center of soil residue (MCSR) was introduced and used to explore environmental factors contributing to the spatiotemporal variation of β-HCH soil residue. Results demonstrate that the primary emission dominates β-HCH soil residues during the use of this pesticide. After phase-out of the pesticide in 1999, the change in β-HCH soil residues has been associated with the Asian summer monsoon, featured by northward displacement of the MCSR. The displacement from several major sources in China and northeastern Asia shows a downward trend at a 95% confidence level, largely caused by environmental degradation and northward delivery of β-HCH under cold condition in northern area. The MCSRs away from the India and southern and southeastern Asia sources show a rapid northward displacement at a 99% confidence level, featuring the cold trapping effect of the Tibetan Plateau.
Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai Shandong 264003, China.
Yue
Y
Xu
Chongguo
C
Tian
Jianmin
J
Ma
Gan
G
Zhang
Yi-Fan
YF
Li
Lili
L
Ming
Jun
J
Li
Yingjun
Y
Chen
Jianhui
J
Tang
D001208:Asia; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane