Antibacterial activity of joint fluid in cemented total-knee arthroplasty: an in vivo comparative study of polymethylmethacrylate with and without antibiotic loading.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of joint fluids of patients undergoing total-knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thirty patients who were scheduled for primary cemented TKA were enrolled in the study. The patients were grouped on the basis of whether the cement was without antibiotic loading (control group) or loaded with oxacillin (oxacillin group) or vancomycin (vancomycin group). Cefazolin was administered to every patient as the perioperative prophylactic antibiotic. Samples of joint fluids were collected from the knee joints at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 h after prosthesis implantation. We assessed the bioactivities of the joint fluids against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The antibiotic contents of the joint fluid samples were further evaluated by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Against MSSA, all joint fluid samples exhibited at least 24 h of bacterial inhibition activity. The oxacillin (43.2 h ± 2 h) and vancomycin (40.8 h ± 1.8 h) groups exhibited significantly longer durations of antibacterial activities than the control group (28 h ± 1.3 h; P < 0.05). However, antibacterial activity against MRSA was observed only in the vancomycin group. In conclusion, cefazolin, which was administered as a prophylactic antibiotic in TKA, exhibited good ability for knee joint penetration and was sufficient to inhibit MSSA during its administration. The use of antibiotic-loaded cement can prolong the antibacterial activity of joint fluid in TKA. Further, vancomycin-loaded cement had antibacterial activity against MRSA superior to that of cement loaded with oxacillin or without antibiotic loading.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Steve W N
SW
Ueng
Pang-Hsin
PH
Hsieh
Hsin-Nung
HN
Shih
Yi-Shan
YS
Chan
Mel S
MS
Lee
Yuhan
Y
Chang
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002484:Cementation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008875:Middle Aged; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D002437:Cefazolin; D010068:Oxacillin