Associations of dietary calcium, vitamin D, milk intakes, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D with bone mass in Spanish adolescents: the HELENA study.
Adequate nutrition is needed for the accrual of bone mass during the pre- and postpubertal growth periods. This study aimed to examine the associations between dietary calcium, vitamin D (calciferol), and milk intakes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Spanish adolescents, aged 12.5-17.5 years, participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study (HELENA-CSS). Bone mass was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and diet via 2 nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls (n=227; 48% males). A random subsample of 101 adolescents (46% males) had available measures of 25(OH)D. Multiple linear regression was applied. Significant adjusted associations were observed in males, among milk intakes and BMC and BMD. Also in males, whole-body, head, and right arm BMD were positively related to calcium intakes. In females, 25(OH)D was positively related among others to whole-body, subtotal, and left and right arm BMC and BMD. It could be speculated that diet is not a limiting factor of bone mass development in this group of healthy adolescents, and further research on the effect of other factors in addition to diet in a larger sample should be undertaken.
Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Corona de Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain. theodora@unizar.es
Theodora
T
Mouratidou
German
G
Vicente-Rodriguez
Luis
L
Gracia-Marco
Inge
I
Huybrechts
Isabelle
I
Sioen
Kurt
K
Widhalm
Jara
J
Valtueña
Marcela
M
González-Gross
Luis A
LA
Moreno
D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004872:Ergocalciferols; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D