Quantitative PET imaging of tryptophan accumulation in gliomas and remote cortex: correlation with tumor proliferative activity.
OBJECTIVE
PET studies with α[C-11]methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) have shown decreased serotonin synthesis based on a decrease of the unidirectional uptake rate (K-complex) in neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism and depression. Increased AMT K-complex in tumors can indicate increased tryptophan metabolism via the immunosuppressive kynurenine pathway. Moreover, apparent AMT volume of distribution (VD') reflects net tryptophan transport from blood to tissue. We evaluated if kinetic parameters (K-complex, VD') of AMT, measured by PET, can predict the proliferative activity of glioma, and if these AMT parameters are altered in the remote cortex.


METHODS
We evaluated dynamic AMT PET images of 30 adult patients with grade 2 to 4 gliomas according to the World Health Organization's classification to determine tumoral AMT VD' and K-complex values, which were correlated with tumor proliferative activity as assessed by the Ki-67 labeling index in resected tumor specimens. We also compared cortical VD' and K-complex values between patients with glioma and healthy controls.


RESULTS
Both VD' and K-complex values were significantly higher in gliomas than in the contralateral cortex (VD', P < 0.001; K-complex, P < 0.001). Tumoral VD' values and tumor/cortex VD' ratios, but not the K-complex, showed strong positive correlations with the proliferative activity of glioma (P ≤ 0.001). The contralateral frontal cortex showed decreased AMT VD' and K-complex in patients with glioma compared with those in controls (P ≤ 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Increased net amino acid transport into tumor tissue, quantified by PET, can serve as an imaging marker of the proliferative activity of glioma. The data also suggest a glioma-induced down-regulation of cortical serotonin synthesis, likely mediated by shunting of tryptophan from serotonin synthesis to kynurenine metabolism.
PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. juhasz@pet.wayne.edu
Csaba
C
Juhász
Diane C
DC
Chugani
Geoffrey R
GR
Barger
William J
WJ
Kupsky
Pulak K
PK
Chakraborty
Otto
O
Muzik
Sandeep
S
Mittal
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001692:Biological Transport; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C020774:alpha-methyltryptophan; D014364:Tryptophan