[Selected markers of oxidative stress and carcinogenic trace elements concentrations in the renal cell carcinoma tissue].
In industrialized countries, increasing concentrations of harmful trace elements in the human environment increases their concentration in the organs, which in turn may be responsible for the growth of cancer including cancer of the kidney. Trace elements by increasing the concentration of active free radicals damage cell DNA, and in a consequence increase the risk of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of biochemical markers providing an increase in the concentration of free radicals in the cell kidney cancer and renal cortical tissue, from which it originates and to attempt correlation of these markers with the concentration of carcinogenic trace elements identified in these same tissues using spectral analysis of PIXE (Proton induced X-Ray Emmision).


METHODS
Of the 12 kidneys removed because of renal cell carcinoma clippings taken from the parenchyma of the kidney and kidney tumor, and then the concentration of markers of oxidative stress such as malonic dialdehyd (MDA), reduced form and oxidized glutathione and 1-ascorbic acid of the tissue. The concentration of elements was made by means of physical methods of analysis of multielemental PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) in tumor tissue and kidney tissue of renal cortical tumor unchanged.


RESULTS
Malonic dialdehyd concentrations (MDA), reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione and 1-ascorbic acid were successively 2.11, 1.23, 0.84 and 2.25 microg/g for tissue kidney tumor and subsequently one, 58, 0.99, 0.58 and 2.3 microg/g in the kidney cortex from which the tumor originates. Demonstrated significant differences in MDA concentrations (p < 0.01) and the oxidized form of glutathione (p < 0.05). In the analysis of correlation between the concentrations of markers of the concentrations of elements are carcinogenic by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) showed significant increase in the concentration of 1-ascorbic acid with increasing concentrations of lead in kidney tumor tissue. In the renal cortex increased concentrations of MDA and oxidized forms of glutathione was significantly correlated with increased levels of selenium.


CONCLUSIONS
By markers of oxidative stress has been shown indirectly to increased metabolism of oxygen free radicals in kidney tumor tissue compared to kidney cortex tissue from which it derives. At the same time was selected markers concentration dependence of the concentration of the elements considered by the IARC human carcinogens. Confirmation of these results on a larger group of patients may become a contribution to the study of substances that protect the kidney against carcinogens storage elements or substances that reduce oxidative stress in the kidney.
Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Department of Urology, Cracow, Poland. urologiarydygier@vp.pl
Tomasz
T
Drewniak
Adam
A
Wajdowicz
Wojciech
W
Kwiatek
Kajetan
K
Juszczak
Piotr
P
Maciukiewicz
D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014131:Trace Elements; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid