Mitochondrial functions in astrocytes: neuroprotective implications from oxidative damage by rotenone.
Mitochondria are critical for cell survival and normal development, as they provide energy to the cell, buffer intracellular calcium, and regulate apoptosis. They are also major targets of oxidative stress, which causes bioenergetics failure in astrocytes through the activation of different mechanisms and production of oxidative molecules. This review provides an insightful overview of the recent discoveries and strategies for mitochondrial protection in astrocytes. We also discuss the importance of rotenone as an experimental approach for assessing oxidative stress in the brain and delineate some molecular strategies that enhance mitochondrial function in astrocytes as a promising strategy against brain damage.
Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
Ricardo
R
Cabezas
Ramon Santos
RS
El-Bachá
Janneth
J
González
George E
GE
Barreto
D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D018833:Chaperonins / Q000502:physiology; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity; D012402:Rotenone / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010575:Pesticides; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012402:Rotenone; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D018833:Chaperonins