[Casein kinase 2, the versatile regulator of cell survival].
Casein kinase 2 (CK2), a highly conservative, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase, is critically important for the regulation of a plethora of processes in eukaryotes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death. CK2 is expressed in all tissues; in particular, its amount and activity are elevated in tumor cells. Unlike many regulatory proteins CK2 permanently adopts an active conformation. Of the utmost importance are the anti-apoptotic functions of CK2. This protein kinase is capable of regulating cell survival at multiple levels including DNA repair, NF-kappaB, Wnt, PI3K/Akt and JAK-STAT signaling cascades, chaperones, activation of anti-apoptotic proteins and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic counterparts, in particular, caspases. The versatility of CK2-mediated phosphorylation ensures the survival of tumor cells exposed to stimuli that differ in the origin and mechanisms of cytotoxicity. This manifold mode of CK2-dependent survival makes this enzyme an important target for antitumor therapy.
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Volodina
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D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D021122:Protein Subunits; D047390:Casein Kinase II