Ingestion of a novel galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex affected growth performance and fermentative and immunological characteristics of broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium.
Fermentable carbohydrates may enhance the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to defend against a pathogenic infection. We hypothesized that a galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex would positively affect immune status and prevent colonization and shedding in Salmonella typhimurium-infected chicks. Using a completely randomized design, 1-d-old commercial broiler chicks (n = 240 chicks; 4 replications/treatment; 5 chicks/replication) were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments differing in concentration of GGMO-AX (0, 1, 2, or 4%) or containing 2% Safmannan or 2% short-chain fructooligosaccharides. Cellulose was used to make diets iso-total dietary fiber. On d 10 posthatch, an equal number of chicks on each diet were inoculated with either phosphate-buffered saline (sham control) or Salmonella typhimurium (1 × 10(8) cfu). All birds were euthanized on d 10 postinoculation (PI) for collection of intestinal contents and select tissues. Body weight gain and feed intake of chicks were greater (P < 0.05) in infected chicks PI for all time periods, except for weight gain on d 0 to 3 PI. Gain:feed was affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with Safmannan-fed chicks having the highest G:F and 1% GGMO-AX-fed chicks having the lowest. The GGMO-AX substrate demonstrated effects similar to a prebiotic substrate as indicated by increased cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, decreased cecal pH, and increased populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. as dietary GGMO-AX concentration increased. Excreta Salmonella typhimurium populations on d 5 and 10 PI, and ileal and cecal Salmonella typhimurium populations, tended to be affected (P < 0.10) by the main effect of diet. Messenger RNA expression of IFN-γ in the cecal tonsils was the only cytokine independently affected by infection and diet (P < 0.01). Chicks fed 2 and 4% GGMO-AX had similar expressions of IFN-γ and IL-1β, regardless of infection, suggesting that Salmonella typhimurium virulence was suppressed. Dietary supplementation with GGMO-AX resulted in prebiotic-like effects but did not limit Salmonella typhimurium intestinal colonization or shedding, but possibly decreased the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium within the digestive tract.
University of Illinois, Department of Animal Sciences, Urbana 61801, USA.
T A
TA
Faber
R N
RN
Dilger
M
M
Iakiviak
A C
AC
Hopkins
N P
NP
Price
G C
GC
Fahey
D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D005285:Fermentation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D014990:Xylans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D016207:Cytokines; D008351:Mannans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014990:Xylans; C443804:galactoglucomannan; C085118:arabinoxylan