An integrated framework of personalized medicine: from individual genomes to participatory health care.
Promising research developments in both basic and applied sciences, such as genomics and participatory health care approaches, have generated widespread interest in personalized medicine among almost all scientific areas and clinicians. The term personalized medicine is, however, frequently used without defining a clear theoretical and methodological background. In addition, to date most personalized medicine approaches still lack convincing empirical evidence regarding their contribution and advantages in comparison to traditional models. Here, we propose that personalized medicine can only fulfill the promise of optimizing our health care system by an interdisciplinary and translational view that extends beyond traditional diagnostic and classification systems.
Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. a.evers@mps.umcn.nl
Andrea W M
AW
Evers
Maroeska M
MM
Rovers
Jan A M
JA
Kremer
Joris A
JA
Veltman
Jack A
JA
Schalken
Bas R
BR
Bloem
Alain J
AJ
van Gool
D026683:Advisory Committees; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D015233:Models, Statistical; D057285:Precision Medicine; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical