Keeping mum about dad: "contracts" to protect gamete donor anonymity.
This article considers the legal status of so-called contracts for anonymity between fertility clinics and donors of gametes that were made in the period before legislation authorising disclosure. It notes that while clinics frequently cite the existence of these "contracts" to argue against retrospective legislation authorising disclosure of the donor's identity, they may be nothing more than one-sided statements of informed consent. However, the article notes that even if an agreement between a donor and a clinic is not contractual, it does not follow that a person conceived through assisted reproductive technology has any right of access to the identity of the donor. The writer has not been able to locate examples of written promises by the clinics promising anonymity. There are written promises by the donors not to seek the identity of the recipients. These promises do not bind the resulting offspring nor do they appear to be supported by consideration. The article suggests that the basis for any individual donor to restrain a clinic from revealing their identity may be found in promissory estoppel. Nevertheless, there is no real issue in Australia concerning clinics revealing these details absent legislative authority. The issue is whether parliaments will legislate to authorise the disclosure. The article notes that it would be rare for parliaments to legislate to overturn existing legal contracts but suggests that the contract argument may not be as strong as has been thought.
School of Law, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales. anne.rees@newcastle.edu.au
Anne
A
Rees
D022126:Access to Information / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D001315:Australia; D003219:Confidentiality / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D032982:Contracts / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018587:Oocyte Donation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D033283:Patient Access to Records / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012661:Semen; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*