Telephone referrals by junior doctors: a randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of SBAR in a simulated setting.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether exposing junior doctors to Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) improves their telephone referrals. SBAR is a standardised minimum information communication tool.


METHODS
A randomised controlled trial with participants and rating clinicians both blinded to group allocation. Hospital interns from a 2-year period (2006-2007) participated in two simulated clinical scenarios which required them to make telephone referrals. The intervention group was educated in SBAR between scenarios. Pre and post intervention telephone referrals were recorded, scored and compared. Six-month follow-up and year group comparisons were also made. An objective rating score measured the presence of specific 'critical data' communication elements on a scale of 1-12. Qualitative measures of global rating scores and participant self-rated scoring of performance were recorded. Time to 'first pitch' (the intern's initial speech) was also recorded.


RESULTS
Data were available for 66 interns out of 91 eligible. SBAR exposure did not increase the number of communication elements presented; objective rating scores were 8.5 (IQ 7.0-9.0) for SBAR and 8.0 (IQ 6.5-8.0) for the control group (p=0.051). Median global rating scores, designed to measure 'call impact', were higher following SBAR exposure (SBAR: 3.0 (IQR 2.0-4.0); control: 2.0 (IQ 1.0-3.0); p=0.003)). Global rating scores improved as time to 'first pitch' duration decreased (p=0.001). SBAR exposure did not improve time to 'first pitch' duration.


CONCLUSIONS
In this simulated setting exposure to SBAR did not improve telephone referral performance by increasing the amount of critical information presented, despite the fact that it is a minimum data element tool. SBAR did improve the 'call impact' of the telephone referral as measured by qualitative global rating scores.
Emergency Physician, Education Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. dr_cunningham@hotmail.com
Neil James
NJ
Cunningham
Tracey J
TJ
Weiland
Julian
J
van Dijk
Paul
P
Paddle
Nicole
N
Shilkofski
Nicola Yumei
NY
Cunningham
D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education*; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000592:standards*; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D055815:Young Adult