Management of children with ambulatory cerebral palsy: an evidence-based review.
This article reviews the current best evidence for musculoskeletal interventions in children with ambulatory cerebral palsy (CP). The effectiveness of interventions in CP must first consider what CP and its associated pathophysiology are and take into account the heterogeneity and natural history of CP to put definitions of "effectiveness" into perspective. This article reviews the current standards of the definition and classification of CP, discusses the natural history and specific goals for the management of ambulatory CP, as well as the outcome measures available to measure these goals. The current best evidence of effectiveness is reviewed for specific interventions in children with ambulatory CP including spasticity management with botulinum toxin A injections and selective dorsal rhizotomy; multilevel orthopaedic surgery to address contractures and bony deformity; and the role of gait analysis for surgical decision-making before orthopaedic surgery.
Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery & Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. unni.narayanan@sickkids.ca
Unni G
UG
Narayanan
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D019051:Rhizotomy / Q000379:methods
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A