Assessment of DNA damage and repair in adults consuming allyl isothiocyanate or Brassica vegetables.
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a dietary component with possible anticancer effects, though much information about AITC and cancer has been obtained from cell studies. To investigate the effect of AITC on DNA integrity in vivo, a crossover study was conducted. Adults (n=46) consumed AITC, AITC-rich vegetables [mustard and cabbage (M/C)] or a control treatment with a controlled diet for 10 days each. On day 11, volunteers provided blood and urine before and after consuming treatments. Volunteers were characterized for genotype for GSTM1 and GSTT1 (glutathione S-transferases) and XPD (DNA repair). DNA integrity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed by single-cell gel electrophoresis. Urine was analyzed for 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and creatinine. Ten-day intake of neither AITC nor M/C resulted in statistically significant differences in DNA strand breaks [least squares mean (LSmean) % DNA in tail±S.E.M.: 4.8±0.6 for control, 5.7±0.7 for AITC, 5.3±0.6 for M/C] or urinary 8-oxodG (LSmean μg 8-oxodG/g creatinine±S.E.M.: 2.95±0.09 for control, 2.88±0.09 for AITC, 3.06±0.09 for M/C). Both AITC and M/C increased DNA strand breaks 3 h postconsumption (LSmean % DNA in tail±S.E.M.: 3.2±0.7 for control, 8.3±1.7 for AITC, 8.0±1.7 for M/C), and this difference disappeared at 6 h (4.2±0.9 for control, 5.7±1.2 for AITC, 5.5±1.2 for M/C). Genotypes for GSTM1, GSTT1 and XPD were not associated with treatment effects. In summary, DNA damage appeared to be induced in the short term by AITC and AITC-rich products, but that damage disappeared quickly, and neither AITC nor AITC-rich products affected DNA base excision repair.
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Craig S
CS
Charron
Beverly A
BA
Clevidence
George A
GA
Albaugh
Matthew H
MH
Kramer
Bryan T
BT
Vinyard
John A
JA
Milner
Janet A
JA
Novotny
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D020552:Comet Assay; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003404:Creatinine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1