Bacillus bloodstream infections in a tertiary perinatal centre: an 8-year study.
BACKGROUND
Isolates of nonanthrax Bacillus species in clinical samples are frequently considered as contaminants. However, there were case reports describing Bacillus sepsis among infants, associated with high mortality and morbidity.


METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of the clinical and epidemiological features of Bacillus bacteremia at our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2002 to December 2009.


RESULTS
Bacillus bacteremia was considered to be clinically significant in 11 infants. The median gestational age was 30 weeks. All had either central catheters or peripherally inserted arterial lines in situ. The mean neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were 6.73 × 10(9)/L (0.78 to 12.56 × 10(9)/L) and 2.75 × 10(9)/L (0.82 to 6.15 × 10(9)/L), respectively. All 11 infants received intravenous vancomycin, with an average duration of 12.4 days. In general, the earlier the catheter was removed, the quicker the clearance of bacteremia was achieved. All infants survived and were discharged from the hospital.


CONCLUSIONS
The growth of Bacillus species in blood cultures cannot simply be regarded as a contaminant. Hematologic parameters are frequently unremarkable at the disease onset. Increased vigilance, early diagnosis, and effective therapy in conjunction with prompt catheter removal are the keys to successful management of Bacillus bacteremia.
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. jting2-02@cw.bc.ca
Joseph Yuk
JY
Ting
Samson Sai-yin
SS
Wong
Yuet-yee
YY
Chee
Kar-yin
KY
Wong
Nelson Nai-shun
NN
Tsoi
Allan S Y
AS
Lau
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents