Bacterial tyrosine kinases: evolution, biological function and structural insights.
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism in the regulation of fundamental signalling events in all living organisms. Bacteria have been shown to possess a versatile repertoire of protein kinases, including histidine and aspartic acid kinases, serine/threonine kinases, and more recently tyrosine and arginine kinases. Tyrosine phosphorylation is today recognized as a key regulatory device of bacterial physiology, linked to exopolysaccharide production, virulence, stress response and DNA metabolism. However, bacteria have evolved tyrosine kinases that share no resemblance with their eukaryotic counterparts and are unique in exploiting the ATP/GTP-binding Walker motif to catalyse autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation on tyrosine. These enzymes, named BY-kinases (for Bacterial tYrosine kinases), have been identified in a majority of sequenced bacterial genomes, and to date no orthologues have been found in Eukarya. The aim of this review was to present the most recent knowledge about BY-kinases by focusing primarily on their evolutionary origin, structural and functional aspects, and emerging regulatory potential based on recent bacterial phosphoproteomic studies.
Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, IBCP, CNRS, Université de Lyon, UMR 5086, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France. c.grangeasse@ibcp.fr
Christophe
C
Grangeasse
Sylvie
S
Nessler
Ivan
I
Mijakovic
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases