Error types and error positions in neglect dyslexia: comparative analyses in neglect patients and healthy controls.
Unilateral spatial neglect frequently involves a lateralised reading disorder, neglect dyslexia (ND). Reading of single words in ND is characterised by left-sided omissions and substitutions of letters. However, it is unclear whether the distribution of error types and positions within a word shows a unique pattern of ND when directly compared to healthy controls. This question has been difficult to answer so far, given the usually low number of reading errors in healthy controls. Therefore, the present study compared single word reading of 18 patients with left-sided neglect, due to right-hemisphere stroke, and 11 age-matched healthy controls, and adjusted individual task difficulty (by varying stimulus presentation times in participants) in order to reach approximately equal error rates between neglect patients and controls. Results showed that, while both omission and substitution errors were frequently produced in neglect patients and controls, only omissions appeared neglect-specific when task difficulty was adapted between groups. Analyses of individual letter positions within words revealed that the spatial distribution of reading errors in the neglect dyslexic patients followed an almost linear increase from the end to the beginning of the word (right-to-left-gradient). Both, the gradient in error positions and the predominance of omission errors presented a neglect-specific pattern. Consistent with current models of visual word processing, these findings suggest that ND reflects sublexical, visuospatial attentional mechanisms in letter string encoding.
Clinical Linguistics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. Electronic address: christianeweinzierl@gmx.de.
Christiane
C
Weinzierl
Clinical Neuropsychology Unit and University Ambulance, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Georg
G
Kerkhoff
Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7.
Lucia
L
van Eimeren
Department of Neuropsychology, Schön Clinic Bad Aibling, Bad Aibling, Germany.
Ingo
I
Keller
Clinical Linguistics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Prisca
P
Stenneken
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011932:Reading; D014794:Visual Fields