Effect of conventional and intensified milk replacer feeding programs on performance, vaccination response, and neutrophil mRNA levels of Holstein calves.
This study compared conventional and intensified milk replacer feeding regimens on growth, intake, respiratory and fecal scores, vaccination response, and neutrophil mRNA levels. Holstein calves were randomly assigned to a 10-wk study on d 2 of life. Treatments were conventional (CON; n=8) and intensified (INT; n=7) milk replacer feeding programs. Conventional calves were fed a 20.8% crude protein and 21.0% fat milk replacer at 1.25% of birth body weight (BW) from wk 1 to 6 of life and 0.625% of birth BW during wk 7. A 29.3% crude protein and 16.2% fat milk replacer was fed to INT calves at 1.5% of birth BW during wk 1, 2% of current BW from wk 2 to 6, and 1% of current BW during wk 7. All calves were given milk replacer twice daily during wk 1 to 6, once daily during wk 7, and were weaned completely during wk 8. Calf starter intake was measured daily through wk 8. Body weight and withers height were measured weekly. Fecal and respiratory scores were recorded twice daily at feeding. Calves were vaccinated against ovalbumin at the end of wk 1, 3, and 5. Blood samples were collected at the end of wk 1, 3, 5, and 8 for analysis of serum anti-ovalbumin IgG concentration and for isolation of neutrophils. Quantitative PCR was used to measure neutrophil mRNA levels of 7 functionality genes. Treatment did not affect total DMI or anti-ovalbumin IgG response. Intensified milk replacer feeding increased average daily gain, protein intake, fat intake, and feed efficiency compared with the CON feeding program. Compared with CON calves, INT calves had greater fecal scores, indicating looser feces and greater respiratory scores, indicating more respiratory problems. Calves assigned to the INT treatment had increased neutrophil mRNA levels of L-selectin, and at wk 8, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 was increased and toll-like receptor 4 tended to be increased compared with CON calves. This suggests greater activation of neutrophils in INT calves postweaning, but differences were relatively small and levels of the other 4 genes were unaffected. An INT milk replacer feeding program increased growth, fecal scores, and respiratory scores preweaning, increased mRNA levels of 2 neutrophil genes postweaning, and did not affect vaccination response.
Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
B A
BA
Hengst
Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
L M
LM
Nemec
Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition, Carpentersville, IL 60110.
R R
RR
Rastani
Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark 19716. Electronic address: gressley@udel.edu.
T F
TF
Gressley
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D004435:Eating; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*
D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010047:Ovalbumin