Hypoxia imaging agents labeled with positron emitters.
Imaging hypoxia using positron emission tomography (PET) is of great importance for therapy of cancer. [(18)F]Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) was the first PET agent for hypoxia imaging, and various radiolabeled nitroimidazole derivatives such as [(18)F]fluoroerythronitroimidazole (FETNIM), [(18)F]1-α-D: -(2-deoxy-2-fluoroarabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole (FAZA), [(18)F]2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) acetamide (EF-5), and [(18)F]fluoroetanidazole (FETA) have been developed successively. To overcome the high cost of cyclotron installation, (68)Ga-labeled nitroimidazole derivatives also have been developed. Another important hypoxia imaging agent is (64)Cu-diacetyl-bis(N                 (4)-methylthiosemicarbazone) ((64)Cu-ATSM), which can distribute in cancer tissue rapidly due to high lipophilicity. However, its application is limited due to high cost of radionuclide production. Although various hypoxia imaging agents have been reported and tested, hypoxia PET images still have to be improved, because of the low blood flow in hypoxic tissues and resulting low uptake of the agents.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Lathika
L
Hoigebazar
Jae Min
JM
Jeong
D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals