Geographical rural status and health outcomes in pediatric liver transplantation: an analysis of 6 years of national United Network of Organ Sharing Data.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether children in rural areas have worse health than children in urban areas after liver transplantation (LT).


METHODS
We used urban influence codes published by the US Department of Agriculture to categorize 3307 pediatric patients undergoing LT in the United Network of Organ Sharing database between 2004 and 2009 as urban or rural. Allograft rejection, patient death, and graft failure were used as primary outcome measures of post-LT health. Pediatric end-stage liver disease/model of end-stage liver disease scores >20 was used to measure worse pre-LT health.


RESULTS
In a multivariate analysis, we found greater rates of allograft rejection within 6 months of LT (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.53) and a lower occurrence of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.41-0.99) in patients in rural areas. The difference in allograft rejection was eliminated at 1 year of LT (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.98-1.42). Rural location did not impact other outcome measures.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that rural location makes a negative impact on patient health within the first 6 months of LT by increasing the risk for allograft rejection, although patients in rural areas may have lower rates of developing posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Long-term adverse health effects were not seen.
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. ktpark@stanford.edu
K T
KT
Park
Rachel
R
Bensen
Brandy
B
Lu
Pranav
P
Nanda
Carlos
C
Esquivel
Kenneth
K
Cox
D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014504:Urban Health