Forward genetic analysis to identify determinants of dopamine signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans using swimming-induced paralysis.
Disrupted dopamine (DA) signaling is believed to contribute to the core features of multiple neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Essential features of DA neurotransmission are conserved in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, providing us with an opportunity to implement forward genetic approaches that may reveal novel, in vivo regulators of DA signaling. Previously, we identified a robust phenotype, termed Swimming-induced paralysis (Swip), that emerges in animals deficient in the plasma membrane DA transporter. Here, we report the use and quantitative analysis of Swip in the identification of mutant genes that control DA signaling. Two lines captured in our screen (vt21 and vt22) bear novel dat-1 alleles that disrupt expression and surface trafficking of transporter proteins in vitro and in vivo. Two additional lines, vt25 and vt29, lack transporter mutations but exhibit genetic, biochemical, and behavioral phenotypes consistent with distinct perturbations of DA signaling. Our studies validate the utility of the Swip screen, demonstrate the functional relevance of DA transporter structural elements, and reveal novel genomic loci that encode regulators of DA signaling.
Department of Pharmacology, and Silvio O. Conte Center for Neuroscience Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-8548, USA.
J Andrew
JA
Hardaway
Shannon L
SL
Hardie
Sarah M
SM
Whitaker
Sarah R
SR
Baas
Bing
B
Zhang
Daniel P
DP
Bermingham
Ariana J
AJ
Lichtenstein
Randy D
RD
Blakely
D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D013550:Swimming
D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C532156:DAT-1 protein, C elegans; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D012110:Reserpine; D004298:Dopamine