Physical activity during school recess: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Interest has increased in examining the physical activity levels of young people during school recess. Identifying correlates of their recess physical activity behaviors is timely, and would inform school-based physical activity programming and intervention development. The review examined the correlates of children's and adolescent's physical activity during school recess periods.


METHODS
A systematic search of six electronic databases, reference lists, and personal archives identified 53 studies (47 focused on children) published between January 1990 and April 2011 that met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed in 2011. Correlates were categorized using the social-ecological framework.


RESULTS
Forty-four variables were identified across the four levels of the social-ecological framework, although few correlates were studied repeatedly at each level. Positive associations were found of overall facility provision, unfixed equipment, and perceived encouragement with recess physical activity. Results revealed that boys were more active than girls.


CONCLUSIONS
Providing access to school facilities, providing unfixed equipment, and identifying ways to promote encouragement for physical activity have the potential to inform strategies to increase physical activity levels during recess periods.
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. nicky.ridgers@deakin.edu.au
Nicola D
ND
Ridgers
Jo
J
Salmon
Anne-Maree
AM
Parrish
Rebecca M
RM
Stanley
Anthony D
AD
Okely
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D011998:Recreation / Q000523:psychology; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors