Blood glucose lowering property of water in oral insulin-fed diabetic rats.
BACKGROUND
In oral insulin delivery, blood glucose profiles of a subject can be a function of complicated transfer of water and insulin between gastrointestinal and blood compartments.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined the effects of orally administered water on blood glucose profiles of oral insulin-fed diabetic rats. The blood glucose, insulin and red blood cell concentration profiles of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were determined following administration of deionized water and insulin solution (14 IU/kg) with control receiving none. The aqueous solution samples were subjected to X-ray diffractometry (XRD), fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), viscometry and osmolality tests to elucidate the state of water-insulin interaction.


CONCLUSIONS
Deionized water reduced blood glucose concentration by more than 70% via dilution of systemic circulation. The addition of insulin into deionized water negated its blood glucose lowering property instead of no influence due to insulin had not shown marked oral bioavailability. The insulin interacted with water to form solution with higher viscosity and osmolality values.


CONCLUSIONS
Insulin-water interaction could be one reason where water migration from the gastrointestinal lumen into systemic circulation is reduced and blood glucose lowering capacity of deionized water is negated.
Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. wongtinwui@salam.uitm.edu.my
Tin Wui
TW
Wong
Nurjaya
N
Sumiran
Mohammad Tarmizi Mohd
MT
Mokhtar
Aminah
A
Kadir
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D014867:Water