How to optimize the use of MRI in anatomic ACL reconstruction.
OBJECTIVE
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most current diagnostic imaging procedure for suspected ACL injuries. It is an accurate, highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of ACL tears, graft tears and associated injuries. However, it can also be used for various other aspects of anatomic ACL reconstruction.


METHODS
Special sequences as the oblique sagittal plane should be obtained from a parallel line to the lateral epicondyle, ensuring a proper visualization of both bundles of the ACL. Another special set of images, the oblique-coronal sequence, allows for the ACL long-axis evaluation. The coronal-oblique sequence increases the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing isolated AM or PL bundle injuries and also helps to visualize the proximal insertion of the bundles for haemorrhage and rupture.


RESULTS
Quantitative measurements can be taken from a proper MRI protocol, so as to determine the rupture pattern; measure insertion site size, inclination angle and autograft size; and evaluate for post-operative complications. These parameters help surgeons to objectively decide for a better graft and technique for an individualized approach and to evaluate the anatomic placement of the graft.


CONCLUSIONS
MRI can be used in different ways, serving as a very valuable tool in anatomic ACL reconstruction. Special protocols can provide accurate visualization of the double-bundle anatomy. Objective parameters to aid in pre-operative decisions and graft's anatomic placement evaluation can be also extracted from the MR images.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Kaufman Building Suite 1011, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Paulo
P
Araujo
Carola F
CF
van Eck
Maha
M
Torabi
Freddie H
FH
Fu
D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013709:Tendon Transfer