FoxOs in neural stem cell fate decision.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist over the lifespan of mammals to give rise to committed progenitors and their differentiated cells in order to maintain the brain homeostasis. To this end, NSCs must be able to self-renew and otherwise maintain their quiescence. Suppression of aberrant proliferation or undesired differentiation is crucial to preclude either malignant growth or precocious depletion of NSCs. The PI3K-Akt-FoxO signaling pathway plays a central role in the regulation of multiple stem cells including one in the mammalian brain. In particular, members of FoxO family transcription factors are highly expressed in these stem cells. As an important downstream effector of growth, differentiation, and stress stimuli, mammalian FoxO transcription factor family controls cellular proliferation, oxidative stress response, homeostasis, and eventual maintenance of long-term repopulating potential. The review will focus on the current understanding of FoxO function in NSCs as well as discuss their biological activities that contribute to determining neural stem cell fate.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Seung-Hyun
SH
Ro
Debra
D
Liu
Hyeonju
H
Yeo
Ji-hye
JH
Paik
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051880:Receptors, Notch