Greater cognitive deterioration in women than men with Alzheimer's disease: a meta analysis.
Studies reporting on the cognitive abilities of men and women with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are surprisingly rare. We carried out a meta-analysis of neurocognitive data from 15 studies (n = 828 men; 1,238 women), which revealed a consistent male advantage on verbal and visuospatial tasks and tests of episodic and semantic memory. Moderator regression analyses showed that age, education level, and dementia severity did not significantly predict the male advantage. Reasons posited for this advantage include a reduction of estrogen in postmenopausal women, sex differences in AD pathology, and greater cognitive reserve in men.
Department of Psychology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK. k.irvine2@herts.ac.uk
Karen
K
Irvine
Keith R
KR
Laws
Tim M
TM
Gale
Tejinder K
TK
Kondel
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013028:Space Perception; D014705:Verbal Behavior