Biomarkers of cancer metastasis through the lymphovascular system: future perspectives.
Cancer progression from the primary site to the regional lymph nodes and beyond to the distant sites through the lymphovascular system is genetically determined. In general, sentinel lymph node in the regional lymph nodes is the gateway for metastasis. Biomarkers are becoming increasingly important to define different phases of metastasis. With further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis, more targets are available for selective therapeutic intervention so that effective therapy can be delivered against cancer in a more personalized approach.
Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Department of Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center and Sutter Pacific Medical Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 2340 Clay Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. leongsx@cpmcri.org
Stanley P L
SP
Leong
Marlys
M
Witte
D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000473:pathology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy