Quality and loudness judgments for music subjected to compression limiting.
Dynamic-range compression (DRC) is used in the music industry to maximize loudness. The amount of compression applied to commercial recordings has increased over time due to a motivating perspective that louder music is always preferred. In contrast to this viewpoint, artists and consumers have argued that using large amounts of DRC negatively affects the quality of music. However, little research evidence has supported the claims of either position. The present study investigated how DRC affects the perceived loudness and sound quality of recorded music. Rock and classical music samples were peak-normalized and then processed using different amounts of DRC. Normal-hearing listeners rated the processed and unprocessed samples on overall loudness, dynamic range, pleasantness, and preference, using a scaled paired-comparison procedure in two conditions: un-equalized, in which the loudness of the music samples varied, and loudness-equalized, in which loudness differences were minimized. Results indicated that a small amount of compression was preferred in the un-equalized condition, but the highest levels of compression were generally detrimental to quality, whether loudness was equalized or varied. These findings are contrary to the "louder is better" mentality in the music industry and suggest that more conservative use of DRC may be preferred for commercial music.
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. naomi.croghan@colorado.edu
Naomi B H
NB
Croghan
Kathryn H
KH
Arehart
James M
JM
Kates
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D011786:Quality Control; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult