Accommodation and convergence in 10-year-old prematurely born and full-term children: a population-based study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the accommodative amplitude and convergence in 10-year-old prematurely born children previously screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to compare with full-term controls of the same age.


METHODS
Two-hundred and thirteen prematurely born and 217 children born at term were included. Accommodative amplitude and near-point convergence were assessed, together with best-corrected visual acuity (VA). A questionnaire was answered regarding possible problems at school.


RESULTS
Binocular accommodation (P = 0.03) and convergence (P = 0.003) were significantly poorer in prematurely born children. Accommodation was correlated to neurological findings in the preterm group, but not to the degree of prematurity or stage of ROP. Regarding convergence there were no correlations to neurology, stage of ROP, or degree of prematurity. For neither accommodation nor convergence were any correlations with distance and near VA found. Preterm children had a higher prevalence of school problems, and there was an association with poor accommodation.


CONCLUSIONS
Prematurely born children had poorer accommodation and convergence than full-term children, but no association with near VA was found. The reduction of accommodative amplitude and convergence was small and was probably of little clinical significance. However, it may have additional effects on other ophthalmological problems and school problems in the preterm group.
Department of Neuroscience/Ophthalmology, Uppsala University, Uppsala. eva.larsson@neuro.uu.se
Eva
E
Larsson
Agneta
A
Rydberg
Gerd
G
Holmström
D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity