Cardiovascular biomarkers predict susceptibility to lung injury in World Trade Center dust-exposed firefighters.
Pulmonary vascular loss is an early feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomarkers of inflammation and of metabolic syndrome predict loss of lung function in World Trade Center (WTC) lung injury (LI). We investigated if other cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers also predicted WTC-LI. This nested case-cohort study used 801 never-smoker, WTC-exposed firefighters with normal pre-9/11 lung function presenting for subspecialty pulmonary evaluation (SPE) before March 2008. A representative subcohort of 124 out of 801 subjects with serum drawn within 6 months of 9/11 defined CVD biomarker distribution. Post-9/11 forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at defined cases were as follows: susceptible WTC-LI cases with FEV1 ≤77% predicted (66 out of 801) and resistant WTC-LI cases with FEV1 ≥107% predicted (68 out of 801). All models were adjusted for WTC exposure intensity, body mass index at SPE, age on 9/11 and pre-9/11 FEV1. Susceptible WTC-LI cases had higher levels of apolipoprotein-AII, C-reactive protein and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 with significant relative risks (RRs) of 3.85, 3.93 and 0.26, respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.858. Resistant WTC-LI cases had significantly higher soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule and lower myeloperoxidase, with RRs of 2.24 and 2.89, respectively (AUC 0.830). Biomarkers of CVD in serum 6 months post-9/11 predicted either susceptibility or resistance to WTC-LI. These biomarkers may define pathways either producing or protecting subjects from pulmonary vascular disease and associated loss of lung function after an irritant exposure.
Critical Care and Sleep, New York University, School of Medicine New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Michael D
MD
Weiden
Bushra
B
Naveed
Sophia
S
Kwon
Soo Jung
SJ
Cho
Ashley L
AL
Comfort
David J
DJ
Prezant
William N
WN
Rom
Anna
A
Nolan
D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004391:Dust; D061388:Firefighters; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012306:Risk; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks
D015415:Biomarkers; C111792:CCL18 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016207:Cytokines; D004391:Dust; D002097:C-Reactive Protein