Training memory self-efficacy in the chronic stage after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Stroke patients with a low memory self-efficacy (MSE) report more memory complaints than patients with a high MSE.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a memory-training program on MSE in the chronic phase after stroke and to identify which patients benefit most from the MSE training program.


METHODS
In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of the MSE training program (experimental group) was compared with a peer support program (control group) in chronic stroke patients. The primary outcome was MSE, measured using the Metamemory-In-Adulthood Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included depression, quality of life, and objective verbal memory capacity. Changes in outcomes over the intervention period were compared between both groups. Demographic and clinical variables were studied as potential predictors of MSE outcome in the experimental group.


RESULTS
In total, 153 patients were included: mean age = 58 years (standard deviation [SD] = 9.7), 54.9% male, and mean of 54 months (SD = 37) after stroke. Of these, 77 were assigned to the training and 76 to the control group. Improvement of MSE (B = 0.40; P = .019) was significantly greater in the training than in the control group. No significant differences were found for the secondary outcomes. An increase in MSE after training was predicted by a younger age (B = -0.033; P = .006) and a better memory capacity (B = 0.043; P = .009), adjusted for baseline MSE.


CONCLUSIONS
MSE can be improved by the MSE training program for stroke patients. Younger patients and patients with a better memory capacity benefit most from the MSE training program (Dutch Trial Register: NTR-TC 1656).
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. laben@rijndam.nl
Laurien
L
Aben
Majanka H
MH
Heijenbrok-Kal
Ellen M P
EM
van Loon
Erny
E
Groet
Rudolf W H M
RW
Ponds
Jan J V
JJ
Busschbach
Gerard M
GM
Ribbers
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult