Food as a main route of adult exposure to PBDEs in Shenzhen, China.
The present study measured eight PBDE congeners' (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209) exposure via ingestion of indoor dust and soil, inhalation, and food consumption. Contributions to PBDEs exposure from different media revealed that indoor dust (dust suspended in air) was not an important exposure route for PBDE congeners for adults in Shenzhen, China. Food consumption contributed more to daily intake of Σ(8)BDE, especially for lower-brominated PBDE congeners. Based on calculated average total daily intake, hazard quotients were determined to estimate the non-cancer risks of PBDE exposure. Meanwhile, cancer risk was also estimated assuming that the oral cancer slope factors of all PBDE congeners are equipotent as BDE-209. The hazard quotients ranged from 1.2×10(-5) (BDE-209) to 2.0×10(-2) (BDE-47), suggesting a low deleterious risk with regard to PBDEs. The cancer risk value ranged from 1.1×10(-24) to 5.5×10(-21) implying that the total risks due to exposure to PBDEs via all exposure routes are extremely low for adults.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China. nihg@pkusz.edu.cn
Hong-Gang
HG
Ni
Chao
C
Ding
Shao-You
SY
Lu
Xiao-Ling
XL
Yin
Sojinu Olatunbosun
SO
Samuel
D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D012306:Risk; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012989:Soil Pollutants