Generic top-functionalization of patterned antifouling zwitterionic polymers on indium tin oxide.
This paper presents a novel surface engineering approach that combines photochemical grafting and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to attach zwitterionic polymer brushes onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The photochemically grafted hydroxyl-terminated organic layer serves as an excellent platform for initiator attachment, and the zwitterionic polymer generated via subsequent SI-ATRP exhibits very good antifouling properties. Patterned polymer coatings can be obtained when the surface with covalently attached initiator was subjected to photomasked UV-irradiation, in which the C-Br bond that is present in the initiator was broken upon exposure to UV light. A further, highly versatile top-functionalization of the zwitterionic polymer brush was achieved by a strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition, without compromising its antifouling property. The attached bioligand (here: biotin) enables the specific immobilization of target proteins in a spatially confined fashion, pointing to future applications of this approach in the design of micropatterned sensing platforms on ITO substrates.
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Yan
Y
Li
Marcel
M
Giesbers
Marieke
M
Gerth
Han
H
Zuilhof
D000480:Alkynes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001710:Biotin / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D061565:Cycloaddition Reaction; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019809:Streptavidin / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
D000480:Alkynes; D001386:Azides; D011108:Polymers; D017971:Tin Compounds; D001710:Biotin; C109984:indium tin oxide; D019809:Streptavidin