The use of supportive observations within an inpatient mental health unit for older people and dilemma of using the Mental Health Act (2007) or the Mental Capacity Act (2005) in England and Wales.
In England and Wales the interface between the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) and Mental Health Act 2007 (MHA) is frequently encountered in mental health practice. In services involving older adults many service users will have cognitive impairment and dementias in some instances with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and assessments regarding their mental capacity to make decisions are frequently required. Service users with these illnesses are admitted to psychiatric wards and occasionally nursed under 'close observations' in order to maintain their safety and that of others. The concepts of 'complete and effective control' which may be exercised by ward staff in these circumstances, and the resulting 'loss of autonomy under supervision and control' must be understood in consideration of whether a 'deprivation of liberty' should ensue, particularly when they do not have mental capacity to make decisions about the observations. The observation policy must clearly delineate the different forms of nursing observations possible e.g. close, constant, intermediate, general etc. to avoid confusion among staff members implementing the observation plan. Various dilemmas and management of such dilemmas concerning the use of MCA 2005, MHA 2007 and observation policies has been discussed in this paper. Nursing staff working in both psychiatric and acute hospitals need training in concepts of MCA 2005, MHA 2007 and Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards.
Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Staffordshire University, Stafford Consultant Old Age Psychiatrist, Shelton Hospital, Shrewsbury Consultant Old age Psychiatrist, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK. farooqkhan@nhs.net
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D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing*; D004739:England; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D005852:Geriatric Psychiatry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D014852:Wales