Thermographic imaging of superficial temperature in dogs sedated with medetomidine and butorphanol with and without MK-467 (L-659'066).
OBJECTIVE
To record, with a thermal camera, peripheral temperature changes during different sedation protocols and to relate the results to changes in the rectal temperature.


METHODS
Randomized crossover part-blinded experimental study.


METHODS
Eight healthy purpose-bred neutered Beagles (two females and six males) weight 14.5 ± 1.6 kg (mean ± SD) and aged 3-4 years.


METHODS
Each dog was sedated four times. Treatments were medetomidine 20 μg kg(-1) and butorphanol 0.1 mg kg(-1) (MB) with or without MK-467 500 μg kg(-1) (MK). Both drug combinations were administered IV and IM as separate treatments. A thermal camera (T425, FLIR) with a resolution of 320 by 240 was used for imaging. The dogs were placed in lateral recumbency on an insulated mattress. Digital (DFT) and metatarsal footpad temperatures (MFT) were measured with thermography. Thermograms and rectal temperature (RT) were taken before and at 3, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after treatment.


RESULTS
At 60 minutes after drug administration, MFT was higher (p < 0.001) after MB+MK (34.5 ± 1.1 IV, 34.8 ± 0.5 IM) than MB (31.1 ± 2.9 IV, 30.5 ± 3.6 IM), DFT was higher (p < 0.001) after MB+MK (33.6 ± 1.4 IV, 34.0 ± 0.6 IM) than MB (26.7 ± 1.4 IV, 26.7 ± 2.5 IM), and RT was lower (p < 0.001) after MB+MK (36.7 ± 0.8 IV, 36.9 ± 0.3 IM) than MB (37.5 ± 0.3 IV, 37.4 ± 0.4 IM), with both routes. The change from baseline was greater with MB+MK than MB in all variables.


CONCLUSIONS
Superficial temperature changes can be seen and detected with thermography. MK-467 used with MB resulted in increased superficial temperatures and a decline in rectal temperature compared to MB alone.


CONCLUSIONS
The sedation protocol may influence core temperature loss, and may also have an effect on thermographic images.
Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland 4Pharma Ltd, Espoo, Finland. mari.vainionpaa@helsinki.fi
Mari
M
Vainionpää
Kati
K
Salla
Flávia
F
Restitutti
Marja
M
Raekallio
Jouni
J
Junnila
Marjatta
M
Snellman
Outi
O
Vainio
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011807:Quinolizines; C055732:vatinoxan; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol