Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of patriscabratine, tetracosane and various flavonoids isolated from the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Acrostichum aureum.
BACKGROUND
Acrostichum aureumL. (Pteridaceae), a mangrove fern, has been used as a Bangladeshi traditional medicine for a variety of diseases including peptic ulcer.


OBJECTIVE
Isolation and structural elucidation of cytotoxic secondary metabolites from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of A. aureum.


METHODS
Compounds were isolated using HPLC. The compound structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, MS and other spectroscopic methods using published data. The compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against healthy and cancer cells using the MTT assay. Active compounds were further evaluated for apoptosis-and necrosis-inducing potential against gastric cancer cells (AGS) using the FITC Annexin V apoptosis assay.


CONCLUSIONS
Seven known compounds, patriscabratine, tetracosane and 5 flavonoids (quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucosyl-(6→1)-α-l-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnosyl-7-O-β-d-glucoside and kaempferol) were isolated. Patriscabratine was found moderately cytotoxic against AGS, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with IC(50) values ranging from 69.8 to 197.3 μM. Tetracosane showed some cytotoxic activity against AGS, MDA-MB-231, HT-29 and NIH 3T3 cells with IC(50) values ranging from 128.7 to >250 μM. Patriscabratine and tetracosane displayed an apoptotic effect (10%) on AGS cells within 24 h which was increased (20%) after 48 h, and was comparable to, if not greater, than the positive control, cycloheximide.


CONCLUSIONS
Except for quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside and kaempferol; compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. The results highlight the potential of this plant as a source of bioactive compounds and provide a rationale for its traditional use in peptic ulcer treatment.
School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, Australia.
Shaikh Jamal
SJ
Uddin
Darren
D
Grice
Evelin
E
Tiralongo
D000473:Alkanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001459:Bangladesh; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029625:Pteridaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
D000473:Alkanes; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C578103:patriscabratine; D003513:Cycloheximide; C514857:tetracosane