Role of adipokines in atherosclerosis: interferences with cardiovascular complications in rheumatic diseases.
Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of mortality by cardiovascular events. In fact, several rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in rheumatic patients, these alterations do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Obesity and its pathologic alteration of fat mass and dysfunction, due to an altered pattern of secretion of proinflammatory adipokines, could be one of the links between cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Indeed, the incidence of CVDs is augmented in obese individuals with rheumatic disorders. Thus, in this paper we explore in detail the relationships among adipokines, rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular complications by giving to the reader a holistic vision and several suggestions for future perspectives and potential clinical implications.
SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital and NeuroEndocrine Interaction in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases Lab, Institute of Medical Research, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Morena
M
Scotece
Javier
J
Conde
Rodolfo
R
Gómez
Verónica
V
López
Jesús
J
Pino
Antonio
A
González
Francisca
F
Lago
Juan J
JJ
Gómez-Reino
Oreste
O
Gualillo
D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*
D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin