Extracellular matrix protein anosmin promotes neural crest formation and regulates FGF, BMP, and WNT activities.
Neural crest cells are a transient stem cell-like population appearing during vertebrate embryonic development. Generation of the cranial neural crest is known to require a balanced combination of FGF and BMP levels. However, it is poorly understood how the functions of such growth factors are controlled in the extracellular space. Anosmin is an extracellular matrix protein implicated in FGF signaling and mutated in Kallmann syndrome. Here, we demonstrate that anosmin is synthesized locally in the cranial neural crest of chicken embryos and is essential for cranial neural crest formation. Anosmin upregulates FGF8 and BMP5 gene expression; it also enhances FGF8 activity while inhibiting BMP5 and WNT3a signaling. Taken together, our data establish that the matrix protein anosmin is required for cranial neural crest formation, with functional modulation of FGF, BMP, and WNT.
Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA. yukinorishiko@yahoo.co.jp
Yukinori
Y
Endo
Hiroko
H
Ishiwata-Endo
Kenneth M
KM
Yamada
D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055417:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011485:Protein Binding; D060508:Wnt3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D030161:Avian Proteins; D055417:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases