Soft tissue outcome after mandibular advancement--an anthropometric evaluation of 171 consecutive patients.
OBJECTIVE
There is an ongoing discussion in the literature about preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of orthognathic surgery and its impact on facial appearance and aesthetics.


METHODS
We present an anthropometric and cephalometric evaluation of orthognathic surgery results based on reference anthropometric data. In 171 Class II patients, mandibular advancement by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was performed. Preoperative as well as 3 and 9 months postoperative standardized frontal view and profile photographs and lateral cephalograms were evaluated in a standardized manner by use of 21 anthropometric indices. In cephalograms, SNA and SNB angle as well as Wits appraisal were investigated. Results of anthropometric and cephalometric measurements were correlated.


RESULTS
Lower vermilion contour, vermilion and cutaneous total lower lip height, nose-lower face height, nose-face height, upper face-face height, upper lip- and chin-mandible height index showed significant pre- to postoperative changes as well as SNB angle and Wits appraisal. Furthermore, medial-lateral cutaneous upper lip height, vermilion and cutaneous total lower lip height and philtrum-mouth width index presented significant correlations to cephalometric measurements.


CONCLUSIONS
The investigated anthropometric indices and cephalometric measurements presented reproducible results related to surgery. The correlation of cephalometric to anthropometric measurements has been proven useful for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of orthognathic surgery patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The presented anthropometric measurements and their observed correlation to cephalometric measurements could lead to a better prediction and optimized planning of the soft tissue result in orthognathic surgery patients and thereby improve the aesthetic outcome.
Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial & Plastic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena, Germany.
Gregor F
GF
Raschke
Ulrich M
UM
Rieger
Rolf-Dieter
RD
Bader
Arndt
A
Guentsch
Oliver
O
Schaefer
Stefan
S
Schultze-Mosgau
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D000886:Anthropometry; D002508:Cephalometry; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000601:surgery*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000379:methods; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus; D010781:Photography; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult