Development of an ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method to determine inorganic arsenic in liver from chickens treated with roxarsone.
Roxarsone, (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)arsonic acid, is an arsenic-containing compound that has been approved as a feed additive for poultry and swine since the 1940s; however, little information is available regarding residual arsenic species present in edible tissues. We developed a novel method for the extraction and quantification of arsenic species in chicken liver. A strongly basic solution solubilized the liver, and ultrafiltration removed macromolecules and particulate material. Ion chromatography separated the species [arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, (4-hydroxy-3-aminophenyl)arsonic acid, (4-hydroxy-3-acetaminophenyl)arsonic acid, and roxarsone] in the extracts, which were then detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The extraction oxidized most arsenite to arsenate. For fortification concentrations at 2 μg kg(-1) and above, recoveries ranged from 70 to 120%, with relative standard deviations from 7 to 34%. We detected roxarsone, its 3-amino and 3-acetamido metabolites, inorganic arsenic, and additional unknown arsenic species in livers from roxarsone-treated chickens. Both the originating laboratory and a second laboratory validated the method.
Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.
Sean D
SD
Conklin
Nohora
N
Shockey
Kevin
K
Kubachka
Karyn D
KD
Howard
Mary C
MC
Carson
D000818:Animals; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012406:Roxarsone / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D001152:Arsenicals; D005503:Food Additives; D012406:Roxarsone