Evaluation of an instrument for screening patients at risk for chronic kidney disease: testing SCORED (Screening for Occult Renal Disease) in a Portuguese population.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and CKD has a long asymptomatic phase suitable for screening. SCORED (Screening for Occult Renal Disease) is a prescreening test which has compared favorably with KEEP. We report the results of SCORED testing in subjects attending a World Kidney Day event. After SCORED, subjects were tested for creatinine, urinary albumin and creatinine, and renal ultrasound. Eighty-eight subjects participated (32 men; mean age 59.7 ± 14.8 years; 58% hypertensive and 15.9% diabetics) of which 60 had a high score for kidney disease. Thirty-eight of 47 (80.8%) subjects that were further evaluated had a high-risk score. All subjects with CKD had a high score (100% sensitivity). SCORED showed low specificity (24.3%), but a high negative predictive value (100%). Including albuminuria in the definition of CKD increased the positive predictive value to 43.6%. In conclusion, SCORED is good for prescreening subjects for CKD in a European population as it captures all patients with CKD. Moreover, in subjects with low risk, the probability of CKD is low. SCORED is useful in alerting the general population and the medical community about the risk factors of CKD.
Serviço de Nefrologia e Transplantação Renal, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal. edealmeida @ mail.telepac.pt
Edgar A F
EA
de Almeida
Carlota
C
Lavinas
Catarina
C
Teixeira
Mário
M
Raimundo
Cristina
C
Nogueira
Maria
M
João Melo
Martina
M
Ferreira
António
A
Sampaio
Inês
I
da Silva Henriques
Cecília
C
Teixeira
Sofia
S
Almeida
António
A
Gomes da Costa
Miguel
M
Leal
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult