Clinical characteristics and outcome of Penicillium marneffei infection among HIV-infected patients in northern Vietnam.
OBJECTIVE
This study reports the clinical characteristics and outcome of HIV-associated Penicilliummarneffei infection in northern Vietnam.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with laboratory confirmed Penicilliummarneffei infection admitted to the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Hanoi, Vietnam, between July 2006 and September 2009.


RESULTS
127 patients with P. marneffei infection were identified. All were HIV-infected; median CD4+ T-cell count was 24 cells/μl (IQR:12-48); 76% were men. Common clinical features were fever (92.9%), skin lesions (82.6%), hepatomegaly (61.4%), lymphadenopathy (40.2%), weight loss (59.1%) and cough (49.6%). Concurrent opportunistic infections were present in 22.0%; half of those had tuberculosis. Initial treatment regimens were: itraconazole or ketoconazole capsule (77.2%), amphotericin B (20.5%), and fluconazole (1.6%). In-hospital mortality was 12.6% and showed no significant difference in patients treated with itraconazole (or ketoconazole) and amphotericin B (p = 0.43). Dyspnea, ascites, and increased LDH level were independent predictors of mortality. No seasonality was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical features, treatments and outcomes of HIV-associated P. marneffei infection in northern Vietnam are similar to those reported in other endemic regions. Dyspnea was an important predictor of mortality. More patients were treated with itraconazole than amphotericin B and no significant difference in treatment outcome was observed. It would be of clinical value to compare the efficacy of oral itraconazole and amphotericin B in a clinical trial.
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Welcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hanoi, Vietnam. mlarsson@oucru.org.
Mattias
M
Larsson
Lien Ha Thi
LH
Nguyen
Heiman Fl
HF
Wertheim
Trinh Tuyet
TT
Dao
Walter
W
Taylor
Peter
P
Horby
Trung Vu
TV
Nguyen
Minh Ha Thi
MH
Nguyen
Thuy
T
Le
Kinh Van
KV
Nguyen