Prevalence and outcomes of antimicrobial treatment for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in outpatients with ESRD.
Staphylococcus bacteremia is a common and life-threatening medical emergency, but it is treatable with appropriate antibiotic therapy. To identify opportunities that may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with S. aureus, we analyzed data from 293,094 chronic hemodialysis outpatients to characterize practices of antibiotic selection. In the study population, the overall rate of bacteremia was 15.4 per 100 outpatient-years; the incidence rate for methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) was 2.1 per 100 outpatient-years, and the incidence rate for methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus was 1.9 per 100 outpatient-years. One week after the collection of the index blood culture, 56.1% of outpatients with MSSA bacteremia were receiving vancomycin, and 16.7% of outpatients with MSSA were receiving cefazolin. Among MSSA-bacteremic patients who did not die or get hospitalized 1 week after blood culture collection, use of cefazolin was associated with a 38% lower risk for hospitalization or death compared with vancomycin (adjusted HR=0.62, 95% CI=0.46-0.84). In conclusion, vancomycin is commonly used to treat MSSA bacteremia in outpatients receiving chronic dialysis, but there may be more risk of treatment failure than observed among those individuals who receive a β-lactam antibiotic such as cefazolin.
Clinical Research Division, Fresenius Medical Care North America, 920 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA. kevin.chan@fmc-na.com
Kevin E
KE
Chan
H Shaw
HS
Warren
Ravi I
RI
Thadhani
David J R
DJ
Steele
Jeffrey L
JL
Hymes
Franklin W
FW
Maddux
Raymond M
RM
Hakim
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D002437:Cefazolin