The impact of repeated marathon running on cardiovascular function in the aging population.
BACKGROUND
Several studies have correlated elevations in cardiac biomarkers of injury post marathon with transient and reversible right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction as assessed by both transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Whether or not permanent myocardial injury occurs due to repeated marathon running in the aging population remains controversial.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the extent and severity of cardiac dysfunction after the completion of full marathon running in individuals greater than 50 years of age using cardiac biomarkers, TTE, cardiac computed tomography (CCT), and CMR.


METHODS
A total of 25 healthy volunteers (21 males, 55 ± 4 years old) from the 2010 and 2011 Manitoba Full Marathons (26.2 miles) were included in the study. Cardiac biomarkers and TTE were performed one week prior to the marathon, immediately after completing the race and at one-week follow-up. CMR was performed at baseline and within 24 hours of completion of the marathon, followed by CCT within 3 months of the marathon.


RESULTS
All participants demonstrated an elevated cTnT post marathon. Right atrial and ventricular volumes increased, while RV systolic function decreased significantly immediately post marathon, returning to baseline values one week later. Of the entire study population, only two individuals demonstrated late gadolinium enhancement of the subendocardium in the anterior wall of the left ventricle, with evidence of stenosis of the left anterior descending artery on CCT.


CONCLUSIONS
Marathon running in individuals over the age of 50 is associated with a transient, yet reversible increase in cardiac biomarkers and RV systolic dysfunction. The presence of myocardial fibrosis in older marathon athletes is infrequent, but when present, may be due to underlying occult coronary artery disease.
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St, Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Erin
E
Karlstedt
Anjala
A
Chelvanathan
Megan
M
Da Silva
Kelby
K
Cleverley
Kanwal
K
Kumar
Navdeep
N
Bhullar
Matthew
M
Lytwyn
Sheena
S
Bohonis
Sacha
S
Oomah
Roman
R
Nepomuceno
Xiaozhou
X
Du
Steven
S
Melnyk
Matthew
M
Zeglinski
Robin
R
Ducas
Mehdi
M
Sefidgar
Scott
S
Mackenzie
Sat
S
Sharma
Iain D
ID
Kirkpatrick
Davinder S
DS
Jassal
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*