Impact of acute normobaric hypoxia on regional and global myocardial function: a speckle tracking echocardiography study.
Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of normobaric hypoxia on myocardial function in healthy humans. Fourteen subjects underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) examination during normoxia and in a normobaric hypoxia chamber. Examinations were performed at rest and during bicycle exercise test. The following parameters were quantified in both atria and ventricles by 2D-STE: Global Strain (S), systolic strain rate (SRS), early (SRE) and late (SRA) diastolic strain rate. During hypoxia SRS and SRE increased significantly in both ventricles compared to baseline. The increase of LV SRS and SRE during normoxic exercise was significantly higher when compared with exercise under hypoxia (for SRS -0.55 ± 0.22 vs. -0.34 ± 0.24 1/s, p = 0.024; for SRE 0.56 ± 0.29 vs. 0.23 ± 0.29 1/s, p = 0.005). For the right ventricle (RV) no significant difference of exercise induced increase of systolic contractility was found (SRS -1.07 ± 0.53 under normoxia vs. -1.28 ± 0.24 1/s under hypoxic conditions, p = 0.47). A shift from passive conduit (SRE) to active contraction (SRA) phase during hypoxia was noted for the right atrium (RA) (SRE/SRA 0.72 ± 0.13 under hypoxia vs. 1.17 ± 0.17 under normoxia). The ratio SRE/SRA of RA was closely related to pulmonary systolic pressure (r = -0.78, p < 0.001). Exposure to normobaric hypoxia leads to an increase of regional myocardial deformation in both ventricles. The contractile reserve during hypoxic exercise is reduced in LV, whereas RV systolic deformation rate is maintained. In addition, hypoxia had an impact on the ratio of passive conduit to active contraction phase in right atrium.
Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany. goebelbjoern@googlemail.com
Björn
B
Goebel
Veronika
V
Handrick
Alexander
A
Lauten
Michael
M
Fritzenwanger
Juliane
J
Schütze
Sylvia
S
Otto
Hans R
HR
Figulla
Thor
T
Edvardsen
Tudor C
TC
Poerner
Christian
C
Jung
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D016280:Atrial Function, Right; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right