Genotoxic, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. on breast cancer cells.
The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition, and evaluate the genotoxic, and anti-growth potency of the methanol extracts of lichen species Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (HPE). Anti-growth effect was tested in two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by the MTT and ATP viability assays and apoptosis was assayed by the caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30-antigen). Genotoxic activity of HPE was studied using chromosome aberration and micronuclei tests in human lymphocytes culture in vitro. The chemical composition of H. physodes was analyzed by using direct thermal desorption method coupled with comprehensive gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GCXGC-TOF/MS). Our results indicate that HPE has an anti-growth effect at relatively lower concentrations, while relatively higher concentrations are required for genotoxic activity. HPE, therefore, seems to represent a therapeutic potential and poses new challenges for medicinal chemistry.
Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
Ferda
F
Ari
Serap
S
Celikler
Seyhan
S
Oran
Necmiye
N
Balikci
Sule
S
Ozturk
Mustafa Zafer
MZ
Ozel
Dilek
D
Ozyurt
Engin
E
Ulukaya
D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D012997:Solvents; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D055815:Young Adult
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D012997:Solvents; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D020169:Caspases; D000432:Methanol