Neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and depression.
Neurodegeneration and depression are two common co-morbid conditions, particularly within the aging population. Research has linked neuroinflammation as a major contributing factor to both of these diseases. The key to neuroinflammation effects on neurodegeneration and depression appears to lie within the dysregulation of the control and release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This can come from an internal or external insult to the system, or from changes in the individual due to aging that culminate in immune dysregulation. The need to reduce neuroinflammation has led to extensive research into neuroprotectants. We discuss the efficacy found with nicotine, alcohol, resveratrol, curcumin, and ketamine. Our main focus will be on what research tells us about the connections between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and depression, and the hope that neuroprotectants research gives people suffering from neurodegeneration and depression stemming from neuroinflammation. We will conclude by making suggestions for future research in this area.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
Laura L
LL
Hurley
Yousef
Y
Tizabi
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
D016207:Cytokines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents