High cholesterol diet effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart.
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbi-mortality in developed countries. Both ischemia-reperfusion injury and mechanisms of cardioprotection have been studied for more than 50 years. It is known that the physiopathological mechanism of myocardial ischemia involves several factors that are closely related to its development, of which hypercholesterolemia is one of the main ones. Therefore, the objective of this review was to elucidate the effects of a high-cholesterol diet on normal ventricular function and ischemia-reperfusion injury associated phenomenon such as post-ischemic ventricular dysfunction (stunned myocardium). Although there exist many studies considering several aspects of this physiopathological entity, the majority were carried out on normal animals. Thus, experiments carried out on hypercholesterolemic models are controversial, in particular those evaluating different mechanisms of cardioprotection such as ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning, and cardioprotection granted by drugs such as statins, which apart from exerting a lipid-lowering effect, exert pleiotropic effects providing cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. These controversial results concerning the mechanisms of cardioprotection vary according to quality, composition, and time of administration of the high-cholesterol diet, as well as the species used in each experiment. Thus, to compare the results it is necessary to take all of these variables into account, since they can change the obtained results.
Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Verónica
V
D'Annunzio
Martín
M
Donato
Bruno
B
Buchholz
Virginia
V
Pérez
Verónica
V
Miksztowicz
Gabriela
G
Berg
Ricardo J
RJ
Gelpi
D000818:Animals; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013045:Species Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology
D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors