Partitioning the heart: mechanisms of cardiac septation and valve development.
Heart malformations are common congenital defects in humans. Many congenital heart defects involve anomalies in cardiac septation or valve development, and understanding the developmental mechanisms that underlie the formation of cardiac septal and valvular tissues thus has important implications for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of congenital heart disease. The development of heart septa and valves involves multiple types of progenitor cells that arise either within or outside the heart. Here, we review the morphogenetic events and genetic networks that regulate spatiotemporal interactions between the cells that give rise to septal and valvular tissues and hence partition the heart.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Chien-Jung
CJ
Lin
Chieh-Yu
CY
Lin
Chen-Hao
CH
Chen
Bin
B
Zhou
Ching-Pin
CP
Chang
D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000196:embryology*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*