Zinc induces protein phosphatase 2A inactivation and tau hyperphosphorylation through Src dependent PP2A (tyrosine 307) phosphorylation.
The activity of protein phosphatase (PP) 2A is downregulated and promotes the hyperphosphorylation of tau in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism for PP2A inactivation has not been elucidated. We have reported that PP2A phosphorylation at tyrosine 307 (Y307) is involved in PP2A inactivation. Here, we further studied the upstream mechanisms for PP2A phosphorylation and inactivation. We found that zinc, a heavy metal ion that is widely distributed in the normal brain and accumulated in the susceptible regions of AD brain, could induce PP2A inhibition, phosphorylation of PP2A at Y307 and tau hyperphosphorylation both in rat brains and cultured N2a cells, while zinc chelating prevented these changes completely. Upregulation of PP2A chemically or genetically attenuated zinc-induced tau hyperphosphorylation, whereas mutation of Y307 to phenylalanine abolished the zinc-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and inactivation of PP2A. Zinc could activate Src, while PP2, a specific Src family kinases inhibitor, attenuated zinc-induced PP2A phosphorylation and inactivation, indicating that zinc induces PP2A Y307 phosphorylation and inactivation through Src activation. In human tau transgenic mice, zinc chelator rescued PP2A activity, prevented Src activation, and reduced hyperphosphorylated and insoluble tau levels. We concluded that zinc induces PP2A inactivation and tau hyperphosphorylation through Src-dependent pathway, regulation of zinc homeostasis may be a promising therapeutic for AD and the related tauopathies.
Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Yan
Y
Xiong
Xiao-Peng
XP
Jing
Xin-Wen
XW
Zhou
Xiu-Lian
XL
Wang
Yang
Y
Yang
Xu-Ying
XY
Sun
Mei
M
Qiu
Fu-Yuan
FY
Cao
You-Ming
YM
Lu
Rong
R
Liu
Jian-Zhi
JZ
Wang
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D024801:Tauopathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
C412373:AG 1879; C054369:MAPT protein, human; C489131:Mapt protein, rat; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014131:Trace Elements; D016875:tau Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D015032:Zinc