Constrained independent component analysis approach to nonobtrusive pulse rate measurements.
Nonobtrusive pulse rate measurement using a webcam is considered. We demonstrate how state-of-the-art algorithms based on independent component analysis suffer from a sorting problem which hinders their performance, and propose a novel algorithm based on constrained independent component analysis to improve performance. We present how the proposed algorithm extracts a photoplethysmography signal and resolves the sorting problem. In addition, we perform a comparative study between the proposed algorithm and state-of-the-art algorithms over 45 video streams using a finger probe oxymeter for reference measurements. The proposed algorithm provides improved accuracy: the root mean square error is decreased from 20.6 and 9.5 beats per minute (bpm) for existing algorithms to 3.5 bpm for the proposed algorithm. An error of 3.5 bpm is within the inaccuracy expected from the reference measurements. This implies that the proposed algorithm provided performance of equal accuracy to the finger probe oximeter.
Rochester Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Communications Laboratory, 79 Lomb Memorial Drive, Building 9, Room 3050, Rochester, New York 14623-5603, USA. grteee@rit.edu
Gill R
GR
Tsouri
Survi
S
Kyal
Sohail
S
Dianat
Lalit K
LK
Mestha
D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D017156:Photoplethysmography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*