Assessment of the specificity of cardiopulmonary response during tethered swimming using a new snorkel device.
This study aimed at comparing maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), maximal heart rate (HR(max)), and anaerobic threshold (AT) obtained from tethered swimming (SW) and three other testing procedures: cycling (CY), running (RU), and arm cranking (AC). Variables were assessed in 12 trained male swimmers by a portable gas analyzer connected to a modified snorkel system to allow expired gases collection during swimming. Athletes exhibited a higher VO(2max) during the SW test as compared to the CY and the AC tests. There was no significant difference in VO(2max) between the SW and the RU test, but the Bland and Altman plot highlighted a poor agreement between results. Moreover, AT occurred at higher workloads during SW in comparison to the other tests. These results do not support the use of any unspecific testing procedures to estimate VO(2max), HR(max), and AT for swimming.
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Marco
M
Pinna
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Raffaele
R
Milia
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Silvana
S
Roberto
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Elisabetta
E
Marongiu
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Sergio
S
Olla
Regional School of Sport of Sardinia, Italian Olympic Committee, Sardinia, Italy.
Andrea
A
Loi
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Matteo
M
Ortu
Regional School of Sport of Sardinia, Italian Olympic Committee, Sardinia, Italy.
Gian Mario
GM
Migliaccio
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Filippo
F
Tocco
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
Alberto
A
Concu
The Department of Medical Sciences, Sports Physiology Lab, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124, Cagliari, Italy. crisafulli@tiscali.it.
Antonio
A
Crisafulli
D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult