Season's variation impact on Citrus aurantium leaves essential oil: chemical composition and biological activities.
Citrus aurantium leaves' essential oils (EOs) were evaluated for chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The vegetable material, taken 5 times during the year, has undergone the hydrodistillation to prepare EO. Chemical characterization by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and GC/flame ionization detection allowed the identification of 46 compounds, and a notable quantitative and qualitative differences between the different Petitgrain samples according to the harvest time. Linalool (43.2% to 65.97%), linalyl acetate (0.77% to 24.77%), and α-terpineol (9.29% to 12.12%) were the main components. The most important number of components was registered for summer EOs (July and September). The 5 EOs submitted biological activities screening, namely, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Weak antioxidant activities (IC(50)  values >10000 mg/L) were registered by both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate assays, mostly because the weak amount of phenols in EOs. Antibacterial activities (12 microorganisms) were registered against Gram-positive bacteria [Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 2.7 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (4.8 mg/mL)], and moderated ones against yeasts [Saccharomyces cerevisiae (9.2 mg/mL)] and fungi [Mucor ramannianus (5 mg/mL)]. Positive correlations between the identified compounds and the antimicrobial activities were noted. Many compounds were correlated to antimicrobial activity mainly caryophyllene oxide against Escherichia coli (R(2) = 0.99), S. cerevisiae (R(2) = 0.99), and Fusarium culmorum (R(2) = 0.99).
Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, Univ Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
Inès
I
Ellouze
Manef
M
Abderrabba
Nassereddine
N
Sabaou
Florence
F
Mathieu
Ahmed
A
Lebrihi
Jalloul
J
Bouajila
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000032:analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005410:Flame Ionization; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009089:Mucor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012621:Seasons; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010851:Picrates; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C016775:alpha-terpineol; C074463:linalyl acetate; C018584:linalool; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C515179:caryophyllene oxide