Programmable bio-nanochip technology for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease at the point-of-care.
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the world and continues to serve as the major contributor to healthcare costs. Likewise, there is an ever-increasing need and demand for novel and more efficient diagnostic tools for the early detection of cardiovascular disease, especially at the point-of-care (POC). This article reviews the programmable bio-nanochip (P-BNC) system, a new medical microdevice approach with the capacity to deliver both high performance and reduced cost. This fully integrated, total analysis system leverages microelectronic components, microfabrication techniques, and nanotechnology to noninvasively measure multiple cardiac biomarkers in complex fluids, such as saliva, while offering diagnostic accuracy equal to laboratory-confined reference methods. This article profiles the P-BNC approach, describes its performance in real-world testing of clinical samples, and summarizes new opportunities for medical microdevices in the field of cardiac diagnostics.
Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
Nicolaos
N
Christodoulides
Floriano N
FN
Pierre
Ximena
X
Sanchez
Luanyi
L
Li
Kyle
K
Hocquard
Aaron
A
Patton
Rachna
R
Muldoon
Craig S
CS
Miller
Jeffrey L
JL
Ebersole
Spencer
S
Redding
Chih-Ko
CK
Yeh
Wieslaw B
WB
Furmaga
David A
DA
Wampler
Biykem
B
Bozkurt
Christie M
CM
Ballantyne
John T
JT
McDevitt
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002309:Cardiology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D015415:Biomarkers